[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164063},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method":3,"nav-reference":2254},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2247,"extension":2248,"meta":2249,"navigation":203,"path":2250,"seo":2251,"stem":2252,"__hash__":2253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2213},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,37,116,125,132,137,155,158,217,220,248,256,260,297,300,316,319,384,386,413,417,422,478,480,506,511,572,574,599,602,609,613,616,686,688,723,726,788,790,823,829,906,908,940,947,954,960,963,976,979,1058,1060,1101,1104,1180,1182,1215,1220,1229,1237,1241,1250,1254,1262,1264,1336,1338,1375,1380,1394,1398,1403,1410,1413,1479,1481,1507,1514,1520,1524,1527,1569,1576,1583,1588,1591,1621,1627,1630,1680,1682,1744,1751,1756,1762,1831,1835,1838,1901,1903,1936,1941,1945,1948,2041,2044,2069,2075,2079,2086,2091,2100,2108,2112,2115,2138,2142,2144,2171,2174,2181,2184,2188,2209],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-sort-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"sort()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,30,17],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n","python","",[15,45,46,81,97],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67,70,73,75,78],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","numbers ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sP7_E"," [",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"srdBf","3",[47,68,69],{"class":61},",",[47,71,72],{"class":65}," 1",[47,74,69],{"class":61},[47,76,77],{"class":65}," 2",[47,79,80],{"class":61},"]\n",[47,82,84,87,90,94],{"class":49,"line":83},2,[47,85,86],{"class":53},"numbers",[47,88,89],{"class":61},".",[47,91,93],{"class":92},"slqww","sort",[47,95,96],{"class":61},"()\n",[47,98,100,104,107,109,112],{"class":49,"line":99},3,[47,101,103],{"class":102},"sptTA","print",[47,105,106],{"class":61},"(",[47,108,86],{"class":92},[47,110,111],{"class":61},")",[47,113,115],{"class":114},"sutJx","  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,117,118,119,121,122,89],{},"Use ",[15,120,24],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,123,124],{},"None",[33,126,128,129,131],{"id":127},"what-listsort-does","What ",[15,130,24],{}," does",[20,133,134,136],{},[15,135,24],{},":",[138,139,140,144,147,152],"ul",{},[141,142,143],"li",{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[141,145,146],{},"Changes the original list",[141,148,149,150],{},"Returns ",[15,151,124],{},[141,153,154],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,156,157],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,159,161],{"className":40,"code":160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,162,163,189,199,205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,164,165,167,169,171,174,176,178,180,183,185,187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,166,54],{"class":53},[47,168,58],{"class":57},[47,170,62],{"class":61},[47,172,173],{"class":65},"5",[47,175,69],{"class":61},[47,177,77],{"class":65},[47,179,69],{"class":61},[47,181,182],{"class":65}," 9",[47,184,69],{"class":61},[47,186,72],{"class":65},[47,188,80],{"class":61},[47,190,191,193,195,197],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,192,86],{"class":53},[47,194,89],{"class":61},[47,196,93],{"class":92},[47,198,96],{"class":61},[47,200,201],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,202,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},true,"\n",[47,206,208,210,212,214],{"class":49,"line":207},4,[47,209,103],{"class":102},[47,211,106],{"class":61},[47,213,86],{"class":92},[47,215,216],{"class":61},")\n",[20,218,219],{},"Output:",[38,221,223],{"className":40,"code":222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,224,225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,226,227,230,233,235,237,239,242,244,246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,228,229],{"class":61},"[",[47,231,232],{"class":65},"1",[47,234,69],{"class":61},[47,236,77],{"class":65},[47,238,69],{"class":61},[47,240,241],{"class":65}," 5",[47,243,69],{"class":61},[47,245,182],{"class":65},[47,247,80],{"class":61},[20,249,250,251,89],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[252,253,255],"a",{"href":254},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists beginner guide",[33,257,259],{"id":258},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[38,261,263],{"className":40,"code":262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,264,265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,266,267,270,272,274,276,280,282,285,287,290,292,295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,268,269],{"class":53},"my_list",[47,271,89],{"class":61},[47,273,93],{"class":92},[47,275,106],{"class":61},[47,277,279],{"class":278},"s99_P","key",[47,281,58],{"class":57},[47,283,124],{"class":284},"s39Yj",[47,286,69],{"class":61},[47,288,289],{"class":278}," reverse",[47,291,58],{"class":57},[47,293,294],{"class":284},"False",[47,296,216],{"class":61},[20,298,299],{},"Main arguments:",[138,301,302,307,313],{},[141,303,304,306],{},[15,305,279],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[141,308,309,312],{},[15,310,311],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[141,314,315],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,317,318],{},"Example:",[38,320,322],{"className":40,"code":321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,323,324,350,370,374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,325,326,328,330,332,335,337,339,341,344,346,348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,327,54],{"class":53},[47,329,58],{"class":57},[47,331,62],{"class":61},[47,333,334],{"class":65},"4",[47,336,69],{"class":61},[47,338,72],{"class":65},[47,340,69],{"class":61},[47,342,343],{"class":65}," 7",[47,345,69],{"class":61},[47,347,77],{"class":65},[47,349,80],{"class":61},[47,351,352,354,356,358,360,363,365,368],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,353,86],{"class":53},[47,355,89],{"class":61},[47,357,93],{"class":92},[47,359,106],{"class":61},[47,361,362],{"class":278},"reverse",[47,364,58],{"class":57},[47,366,367],{"class":284},"True",[47,369,216],{"class":61},[47,371,372],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,373,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,375,376,378,380,382],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,377,103],{"class":102},[47,379,106],{"class":61},[47,381,86],{"class":92},[47,383,216],{"class":61},[20,385,219],{},[38,387,389],{"className":40,"code":388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,390,391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,392,393,395,398,400,403,405,407,409,411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,394,229],{"class":61},[47,396,397],{"class":65},"7",[47,399,69],{"class":61},[47,401,402],{"class":65}," 4",[47,404,69],{"class":61},[47,406,77],{"class":65},[47,408,69],{"class":61},[47,410,72],{"class":65},[47,412,80],{"class":61},[33,414,416],{"id":415},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,418,118,419,421],{},[15,420,17],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,423,425],{"className":40,"code":424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,426,427,454,464,468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,428,429,431,433,435,438,440,443,445,448,450,452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,430,54],{"class":53},[47,432,58],{"class":57},[47,434,62],{"class":61},[47,436,437],{"class":65},"10",[47,439,69],{"class":61},[47,441,442],{"class":65}," 3",[47,444,69],{"class":61},[47,446,447],{"class":65}," 8",[47,449,69],{"class":61},[47,451,72],{"class":65},[47,453,80],{"class":61},[47,455,456,458,460,462],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,457,86],{"class":53},[47,459,89],{"class":61},[47,461,93],{"class":92},[47,463,96],{"class":61},[47,465,466],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,467,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,469,470,472,474,476],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,471,103],{"class":102},[47,473,106],{"class":61},[47,475,86],{"class":92},[47,477,216],{"class":61},[20,479,219],{},[38,481,483],{"className":40,"code":482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,484,485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,486,487,489,491,493,495,497,499,501,504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,488,229],{"class":61},[47,490,232],{"class":65},[47,492,69],{"class":61},[47,494,442],{"class":65},[47,496,69],{"class":61},[47,498,447],{"class":65},[47,500,69],{"class":61},[47,502,503],{"class":65}," 10",[47,505,80],{"class":61},[20,507,118,508,510],{},[15,509,311],{}," for descending order:",[38,512,514],{"className":40,"code":513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,515,516,540,558,562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,517,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,519,54],{"class":53},[47,521,58],{"class":57},[47,523,62],{"class":61},[47,525,437],{"class":65},[47,527,69],{"class":61},[47,529,442],{"class":65},[47,531,69],{"class":61},[47,533,447],{"class":65},[47,535,69],{"class":61},[47,537,72],{"class":65},[47,539,80],{"class":61},[47,541,542,544,546,548,550,552,554,556],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,543,86],{"class":53},[47,545,89],{"class":61},[47,547,93],{"class":92},[47,549,106],{"class":61},[47,551,362],{"class":278},[47,553,58],{"class":57},[47,555,367],{"class":284},[47,557,216],{"class":61},[47,559,560],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,561,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,563,564,566,568,570],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,565,103],{"class":102},[47,567,106],{"class":61},[47,569,86],{"class":92},[47,571,216],{"class":61},[20,573,219],{},[38,575,577],{"className":40,"code":576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,578,579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,580,581,583,585,587,589,591,593,595,597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,582,229],{"class":61},[47,584,437],{"class":65},[47,586,69],{"class":61},[47,588,447],{"class":65},[47,590,69],{"class":61},[47,592,442],{"class":65},[47,594,69],{"class":61},[47,596,72],{"class":65},[47,598,80],{"class":61},[20,600,601],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,603,604,605,89],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[252,606,608],{"href":607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[33,610,612],{"id":611},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,614,615],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,617,619],{"className":40,"code":618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,620,621,661,672,676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,622,623,626,628,630,634,638,640,642,645,648,650,652,654,657,659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,624,625],{"class":53},"words ",[47,627,58],{"class":57},[47,629,62],{"class":61},[47,631,633],{"class":632},"sjJ54","\"",[47,635,637],{"class":636},"s_sjI","banana",[47,639,633],{"class":632},[47,641,69],{"class":61},[47,643,644],{"class":632}," \"",[47,646,647],{"class":636},"apple",[47,649,633],{"class":632},[47,651,69],{"class":61},[47,653,644],{"class":632},[47,655,656],{"class":636},"cherry",[47,658,633],{"class":632},[47,660,80],{"class":61},[47,662,663,666,668,670],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,664,665],{"class":53},"words",[47,667,89],{"class":61},[47,669,93],{"class":92},[47,671,96],{"class":61},[47,673,674],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,675,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,677,678,680,682,684],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,679,103],{"class":102},[47,681,106],{"class":61},[47,683,665],{"class":92},[47,685,216],{"class":61},[20,687,219],{},[38,689,691],{"className":40,"code":690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,692,693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,694,695,697,700,702,704,706,709,711,713,715,717,719,721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,696,229],{"class":61},[47,698,699],{"class":632},"'",[47,701,647],{"class":636},[47,703,699],{"class":632},[47,705,69],{"class":61},[47,707,708],{"class":632}," '",[47,710,637],{"class":636},[47,712,699],{"class":632},[47,714,69],{"class":61},[47,716,708],{"class":632},[47,718,656],{"class":636},[47,720,699],{"class":632},[47,722,80],{"class":61},[20,724,725],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,727,729],{"className":40,"code":728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,730,731,764,774,778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,732,733,735,737,739,741,743,745,747,749,752,754,756,758,760,762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,734,625],{"class":53},[47,736,58],{"class":57},[47,738,62],{"class":61},[47,740,633],{"class":632},[47,742,637],{"class":636},[47,744,633],{"class":632},[47,746,69],{"class":61},[47,748,644],{"class":632},[47,750,751],{"class":636},"Apple",[47,753,633],{"class":632},[47,755,69],{"class":61},[47,757,644],{"class":632},[47,759,656],{"class":636},[47,761,633],{"class":632},[47,763,80],{"class":61},[47,765,766,768,770,772],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,767,665],{"class":53},[47,769,89],{"class":61},[47,771,93],{"class":92},[47,773,96],{"class":61},[47,775,776],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,777,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,779,780,782,784,786],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,781,103],{"class":102},[47,783,106],{"class":61},[47,785,665],{"class":92},[47,787,216],{"class":61},[20,789,219],{},[38,791,793],{"className":40,"code":792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,794,795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,796,797,799,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,798,229],{"class":61},[47,800,699],{"class":632},[47,802,751],{"class":636},[47,804,699],{"class":632},[47,806,69],{"class":61},[47,808,708],{"class":632},[47,810,637],{"class":636},[47,812,699],{"class":632},[47,814,69],{"class":61},[47,816,708],{"class":632},[47,818,656],{"class":636},[47,820,699],{"class":632},[47,822,80],{"class":61},[20,824,825,826,136],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,827,828],{},"key=str.lower",[38,830,832],{"className":40,"code":831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,833,834,866,892,896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,835,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,837,625],{"class":53},[47,839,58],{"class":57},[47,841,62],{"class":61},[47,843,633],{"class":632},[47,845,637],{"class":636},[47,847,633],{"class":632},[47,849,69],{"class":61},[47,851,644],{"class":632},[47,853,751],{"class":636},[47,855,633],{"class":632},[47,857,69],{"class":61},[47,859,644],{"class":632},[47,861,656],{"class":636},[47,863,633],{"class":632},[47,865,80],{"class":61},[47,867,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,884,886,890],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,869,665],{"class":53},[47,871,89],{"class":61},[47,873,93],{"class":92},[47,875,106],{"class":61},[47,877,279],{"class":278},[47,879,58],{"class":57},[47,881,883],{"class":882},"sZMiF","str",[47,885,89],{"class":61},[47,887,889],{"class":888},"skxfh","lower",[47,891,216],{"class":61},[47,893,894],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,895,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,897,898,900,902,904],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,899,103],{"class":102},[47,901,106],{"class":61},[47,903,665],{"class":92},[47,905,216],{"class":61},[20,907,219],{},[38,909,910],{"className":40,"code":792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,911,912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,913,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,915,229],{"class":61},[47,917,699],{"class":632},[47,919,751],{"class":636},[47,921,699],{"class":632},[47,923,69],{"class":61},[47,925,708],{"class":632},[47,927,637],{"class":636},[47,929,699],{"class":632},[47,931,69],{"class":61},[47,933,708],{"class":632},[47,935,656],{"class":636},[47,937,699],{"class":632},[47,939,80],{"class":61},[20,941,942,943,946],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,944,945],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[33,948,950,951,953],{"id":949},"using-the-key-argument","Using the ",[15,952,279],{}," argument",[20,955,956,957,959],{},"The ",[15,958,279],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,961,962],{},"Common examples:",[138,964,965,971],{},[141,966,967,970],{},[15,968,969],{},"len"," to sort by length",[141,972,973,975],{},[15,974,945],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,977,978],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,980,982],{"className":40,"code":981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,983,984,1026,1044,1048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,985,986,988,990,992,994,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,987,625],{"class":53},[47,989,58],{"class":57},[47,991,62],{"class":61},[47,993,633],{"class":632},[47,995,996],{"class":636},"pear",[47,998,633],{"class":632},[47,1000,69],{"class":61},[47,1002,644],{"class":632},[47,1004,637],{"class":636},[47,1006,633],{"class":632},[47,1008,69],{"class":61},[47,1010,644],{"class":632},[47,1012,1013],{"class":636},"fig",[47,1015,633],{"class":632},[47,1017,69],{"class":61},[47,1019,644],{"class":632},[47,1021,647],{"class":636},[47,1023,633],{"class":632},[47,1025,80],{"class":61},[47,1027,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1029,665],{"class":53},[47,1031,89],{"class":61},[47,1033,93],{"class":92},[47,1035,106],{"class":61},[47,1037,279],{"class":278},[47,1039,58],{"class":57},[47,1041,969],{"class":102},[47,1043,216],{"class":61},[47,1045,1046],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1047,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1049,1050,1052,1054,1056],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1051,103],{"class":102},[47,1053,106],{"class":61},[47,1055,665],{"class":92},[47,1057,216],{"class":61},[20,1059,219],{},[38,1061,1063],{"className":40,"code":1062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,1064,1065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1066,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1068,229],{"class":61},[47,1070,699],{"class":632},[47,1072,1013],{"class":636},[47,1074,699],{"class":632},[47,1076,69],{"class":61},[47,1078,708],{"class":632},[47,1080,996],{"class":636},[47,1082,699],{"class":632},[47,1084,69],{"class":61},[47,1086,708],{"class":632},[47,1088,647],{"class":636},[47,1090,699],{"class":632},[47,1092,69],{"class":61},[47,1094,708],{"class":632},[47,1096,637],{"class":636},[47,1098,699],{"class":632},[47,1100,80],{"class":61},[20,1102,1103],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,1105,1107],{"className":40,"code":1106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,1108,1109,1144,1166,1170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1110,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1122,1124,1126,1128,1131,1133,1135,1137,1140,1142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1112,625],{"class":53},[47,1114,58],{"class":57},[47,1116,62],{"class":61},[47,1118,633],{"class":632},[47,1120,1121],{"class":636},"Bob",[47,1123,633],{"class":632},[47,1125,69],{"class":61},[47,1127,644],{"class":632},[47,1129,1130],{"class":636},"alice",[47,1132,633],{"class":632},[47,1134,69],{"class":61},[47,1136,644],{"class":632},[47,1138,1139],{"class":636},"Carol",[47,1141,633],{"class":632},[47,1143,80],{"class":61},[47,1145,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1147,665],{"class":53},[47,1149,89],{"class":61},[47,1151,93],{"class":92},[47,1153,106],{"class":61},[47,1155,279],{"class":278},[47,1157,58],{"class":57},[47,1159,883],{"class":882},[47,1161,89],{"class":61},[47,1163,889],{"class":888},[47,1165,216],{"class":61},[47,1167,1168],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1169,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1171,1172,1174,1176,1178],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1173,103],{"class":102},[47,1175,106],{"class":61},[47,1177,665],{"class":92},[47,1179,216],{"class":61},[20,1181,219],{},[38,1183,1185],{"className":40,"code":1184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,1186,1187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1188,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1190,229],{"class":61},[47,1192,699],{"class":632},[47,1194,1130],{"class":636},[47,1196,699],{"class":632},[47,1198,69],{"class":61},[47,1200,708],{"class":632},[47,1202,1121],{"class":636},[47,1204,699],{"class":632},[47,1206,69],{"class":61},[47,1208,708],{"class":632},[47,1210,1139],{"class":636},[47,1212,699],{"class":632},[47,1214,80],{"class":61},[20,1216,956,1217,1219],{},[15,1218,279],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[33,1221,1223,1225,1226],{"id":1222},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,1224,24],{}," vs ",[15,1227,1228],{},"sorted()",[20,1230,1231,1233,1234,1236],{},[15,1232,24],{}," and ",[15,1235,1228],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,1238,1239,136],{},[15,1240,24],{},[138,1242,1243,1246],{},[141,1244,1245],{},"Changes the existing list",[141,1247,149,1248],{},[15,1249,124],{},[20,1251,1252,136],{},[15,1253,1228],{},[138,1255,1256,1259],{},[141,1257,1258],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[141,1260,1261],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,1263,318],{},[38,1265,1267],{"className":40,"code":1266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,1268,1269,1289,1293,1309,1313,1324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1272,54],{"class":53},[47,1274,58],{"class":57},[47,1276,62],{"class":61},[47,1278,66],{"class":65},[47,1280,69],{"class":61},[47,1282,72],{"class":65},[47,1284,69],{"class":61},[47,1286,77],{"class":65},[47,1288,80],{"class":61},[47,1290,1291],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1292,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1294,1295,1298,1300,1303,1305,1307],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1296,1297],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,1299,58],{"class":57},[47,1301,1302],{"class":102}," sorted",[47,1304,106],{"class":61},[47,1306,86],{"class":92},[47,1308,216],{"class":61},[47,1310,1311],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1312,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322],{"class":49,"line":1315},5,[47,1317,103],{"class":102},[47,1319,106],{"class":61},[47,1321,86],{"class":92},[47,1323,216],{"class":61},[47,1325,1327,1329,1331,1334],{"class":49,"line":1326},6,[47,1328,103],{"class":102},[47,1330,106],{"class":61},[47,1332,1333],{"class":92},"new_list",[47,1335,216],{"class":61},[20,1337,219],{},[38,1339,1341],{"className":40,"code":1340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1342,1343,1359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1346,229],{"class":61},[47,1348,66],{"class":65},[47,1350,69],{"class":61},[47,1352,72],{"class":65},[47,1354,69],{"class":61},[47,1356,77],{"class":65},[47,1358,80],{"class":61},[47,1360,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1362,229],{"class":61},[47,1364,232],{"class":65},[47,1366,69],{"class":61},[47,1368,77],{"class":65},[47,1370,69],{"class":61},[47,1372,442],{"class":65},[47,1374,80],{"class":61},[20,1376,118,1377,1379],{},[15,1378,1228],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,1381,1382,1383,1233,1390,89],{},"You can learn more in ",[252,1384,1386,1387,1389],{"href":1385},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F","Python ",[15,1388,1228],{}," explained",[252,1391,1393],{"href":1392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[33,1395,1397],{"id":1396},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1399,1400,1401,89],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,1402,24],{},[1404,1405,1407,1408],"h3",{"id":1406},"assigning-the-result-of-sort","Assigning the result of ",[15,1409,17],{},[20,1411,1412],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,1414,1416],{"className":40,"code":1415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1417,1418,1438,1454,1458,1469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1419,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1421,54],{"class":53},[47,1423,58],{"class":57},[47,1425,62],{"class":61},[47,1427,66],{"class":65},[47,1429,69],{"class":61},[47,1431,72],{"class":65},[47,1433,69],{"class":61},[47,1435,77],{"class":65},[47,1437,80],{"class":61},[47,1439,1440,1443,1445,1448,1450,1452],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1441,1442],{"class":53},"result ",[47,1444,58],{"class":57},[47,1446,1447],{"class":53}," numbers",[47,1449,89],{"class":61},[47,1451,93],{"class":92},[47,1453,96],{"class":61},[47,1455,1456],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1457,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1459,1460,1462,1464,1467],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1461,103],{"class":102},[47,1463,106],{"class":61},[47,1465,1466],{"class":92},"result",[47,1468,216],{"class":61},[47,1470,1471,1473,1475,1477],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,1472,103],{"class":102},[47,1474,106],{"class":61},[47,1476,86],{"class":92},[47,1478,216],{"class":61},[20,1480,219],{},[38,1482,1484],{"className":40,"code":1483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1485,1486,1491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1487,1488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1489,1490],{"class":284},"None\n",[47,1492,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1494,229],{"class":61},[47,1496,232],{"class":65},[47,1498,69],{"class":61},[47,1500,77],{"class":65},[47,1502,69],{"class":61},[47,1504,442],{"class":65},[47,1506,80],{"class":61},[20,1508,1509,1511,1512,89],{},[15,1510,17],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,1513,124],{},[20,1515,1516,1517,1519],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,1518,1228],{}," instead.",[1404,1521,1523],{"id":1522},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,1525,1526],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,1528,1530],{"className":40,"code":1529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,1531,1532,1558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1533,1534,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1550,1552,1554,1556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1535,1536],{"class":53},"items ",[47,1538,58],{"class":57},[47,1540,62],{"class":61},[47,1542,232],{"class":65},[47,1544,69],{"class":61},[47,1546,644],{"class":632},[47,1548,1549],{"class":636},"two",[47,1551,633],{"class":632},[47,1553,69],{"class":61},[47,1555,442],{"class":65},[47,1557,80],{"class":61},[47,1559,1560,1563,1565,1567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1561,1562],{"class":53},"items",[47,1564,89],{"class":61},[47,1566,93],{"class":92},[47,1568,96],{"class":61},[20,1570,1571,1572,1575],{},"This raises a ",[15,1573,1574],{},"TypeError"," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1404,1577,1579,1580,1582],{"id":1578},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists","Forgetting that ",[15,1581,17],{}," only works on lists",[20,1584,1585,1587],{},[15,1586,17],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,1589,1590],{},"Wrong:",[38,1592,1594],{"className":40,"code":1593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,1595,1596,1610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1597,1598,1601,1603,1605,1607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1599,1600],{"class":53},"text ",[47,1602,58],{"class":57},[47,1604,644],{"class":632},[47,1606,42],{"class":636},[47,1608,1609],{"class":632},"\"\n",[47,1611,1612,1615,1617,1619],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1613,1614],{"class":53},"text",[47,1616,89],{"class":61},[47,1618,93],{"class":92},[47,1620,96],{"class":61},[20,1622,1623,1624,1626],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,1625,17],{}," method.",[20,1628,1629],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,1631,1633],{"className":40,"code":1632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,1634,1635,1655,1666,1670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1636,1637,1640,1642,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1638,1639],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,1641,58],{"class":57},[47,1643,1644],{"class":882}," list",[47,1646,106],{"class":61},[47,1648,633],{"class":632},[47,1650,42],{"class":636},[47,1652,633],{"class":632},[47,1654,216],{"class":61},[47,1656,1657,1660,1662,1664],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1658,1659],{"class":53},"letters",[47,1661,89],{"class":61},[47,1663,93],{"class":92},[47,1665,96],{"class":61},[47,1667,1668],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1669,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1673,103],{"class":102},[47,1675,106],{"class":61},[47,1677,1659],{"class":92},[47,1679,216],{"class":61},[20,1681,219],{},[38,1683,1685],{"className":40,"code":1684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,1686,1687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1688,1689,1691,1693,1696,1698,1700,1702,1705,1707,1709,1711,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726,1728,1731,1733,1735,1737,1740,1742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1690,229],{"class":61},[47,1692,699],{"class":632},[47,1694,1695],{"class":636},"h",[47,1697,699],{"class":632},[47,1699,69],{"class":61},[47,1701,708],{"class":632},[47,1703,1704],{"class":636},"n",[47,1706,699],{"class":632},[47,1708,69],{"class":61},[47,1710,708],{"class":632},[47,1712,1713],{"class":636},"o",[47,1715,699],{"class":632},[47,1717,69],{"class":61},[47,1719,708],{"class":632},[47,1721,20],{"class":636},[47,1723,699],{"class":632},[47,1725,69],{"class":61},[47,1727,708],{"class":632},[47,1729,1730],{"class":636},"t",[47,1732,699],{"class":632},[47,1734,69],{"class":61},[47,1736,708],{"class":632},[47,1738,1739],{"class":636},"y",[47,1741,699],{"class":632},[47,1743,80],{"class":61},[1404,1745,1747,1748,1750],{"id":1746},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,1749,279],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,1752,1753,1754,89],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,1755,279],{},[20,1757,1758,1759,1761],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,1760,17],{}," will not do that:",[38,1763,1765],{"className":40,"code":1764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,1766,1767,1799,1817,1821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1768,1769,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793,1795,1797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1770,625],{"class":53},[47,1772,58],{"class":57},[47,1774,62],{"class":61},[47,1776,633],{"class":632},[47,1778,637],{"class":636},[47,1780,633],{"class":632},[47,1782,69],{"class":61},[47,1784,644],{"class":632},[47,1786,1013],{"class":636},[47,1788,633],{"class":632},[47,1790,69],{"class":61},[47,1792,644],{"class":632},[47,1794,647],{"class":636},[47,1796,633],{"class":632},[47,1798,80],{"class":61},[47,1800,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1802,665],{"class":53},[47,1804,89],{"class":61},[47,1806,93],{"class":92},[47,1808,106],{"class":61},[47,1810,279],{"class":278},[47,1812,58],{"class":57},[47,1814,969],{"class":102},[47,1816,216],{"class":61},[47,1818,1819],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1820,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1824,103],{"class":102},[47,1826,106],{"class":61},[47,1828,665],{"class":92},[47,1830,216],{"class":61},[1404,1832,1834],{"id":1833},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,1836,1837],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,1839,1841],{"className":40,"code":1840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,1842,1843,1877,1887,1891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1844,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1856,1858,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1873,1875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1846,625],{"class":53},[47,1848,58],{"class":57},[47,1850,62],{"class":61},[47,1852,633],{"class":632},[47,1854,1855],{"class":636},"zebra",[47,1857,633],{"class":632},[47,1859,69],{"class":61},[47,1861,644],{"class":632},[47,1863,751],{"class":636},[47,1865,633],{"class":632},[47,1867,69],{"class":61},[47,1869,644],{"class":632},[47,1871,1872],{"class":636},"monkey",[47,1874,633],{"class":632},[47,1876,80],{"class":61},[47,1878,1879,1881,1883,1885],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1880,665],{"class":53},[47,1882,89],{"class":61},[47,1884,93],{"class":92},[47,1886,96],{"class":61},[47,1888,1889],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1890,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,1892,1893,1895,1897,1899],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1894,103],{"class":102},[47,1896,106],{"class":61},[47,1898,665],{"class":92},[47,1900,216],{"class":61},[20,1902,219],{},[38,1904,1906],{"className":40,"code":1905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,1907,1908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1909,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1930,1932,1934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1911,229],{"class":61},[47,1913,699],{"class":632},[47,1915,751],{"class":636},[47,1917,699],{"class":632},[47,1919,69],{"class":61},[47,1921,708],{"class":632},[47,1923,1872],{"class":636},[47,1925,699],{"class":632},[47,1927,69],{"class":61},[47,1929,708],{"class":632},[47,1931,1855],{"class":636},[47,1933,699],{"class":632},[47,1935,80],{"class":61},[20,1937,118,1938,1940],{},[15,1939,828],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1404,1942,1944],{"id":1943},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[20,1946,1947],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,1949,1951],{"className":40,"code":1950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,1952,1953,1963,1979,1994,2009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1954,1955,1957,1959,1961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1956,103],{"class":102},[47,1958,106],{"class":61},[47,1960,269],{"class":92},[47,1962,216],{"class":61},[47,1964,1965,1967,1969,1972,1974,1976],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,1966,103],{"class":102},[47,1968,106],{"class":61},[47,1970,1971],{"class":882},"type",[47,1973,106],{"class":61},[47,1975,269],{"class":92},[47,1977,1978],{"class":61},"))\n",[47,1980,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,1982,103],{"class":102},[47,1984,106],{"class":61},[47,1986,269],{"class":92},[47,1988,89],{"class":61},[47,1990,93],{"class":92},[47,1992,1993],{"class":61},"())\n",[47,1995,1996,1998,2000,2003,2005,2007],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,1997,103],{"class":102},[47,1999,106],{"class":61},[47,2001,2002],{"class":102},"sorted",[47,2004,106],{"class":61},[47,2006,269],{"class":92},[47,2008,1978],{"class":61},[47,2010,2011,2013,2016,2018,2020,2023,2025,2029,2032,2035,2038],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,2012,103],{"class":102},[47,2014,2015],{"class":61},"([",[47,2017,1971],{"class":882},[47,2019,106],{"class":61},[47,2021,2022],{"class":92},"item",[47,2024,111],{"class":61},[47,2026,2028],{"class":2027},"sVHd0"," for",[47,2030,2031],{"class":92}," item ",[47,2033,2034],{"class":2027},"in",[47,2036,2037],{"class":92}," my_list",[47,2039,2040],{"class":61},"])\n",[20,2042,2043],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[138,2045,2046,2049,2052,2060,2066],{},[141,2047,2048],{},"What values are in the list",[141,2050,2051],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[141,2053,2054,2055,2057,2058],{},"That ",[15,2056,17],{}," returns ",[15,2059,124],{},[141,2061,2062,2063,2065],{},"Whether ",[15,2064,1228],{}," works better for your case",[141,2067,2068],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,2070,2071,2072,2074],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,2073,1574],{}," problems.",[33,2076,2078],{"id":2077},"faq","FAQ",[1404,2080,2082,2083,2085],{"id":2081},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list","Does ",[15,2084,24],{}," return a new list?",[20,2087,2088,2089,89],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,2090,124],{},[1404,2092,2094,2095,1233,2097,2099],{"id":2093},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted","What is the difference between ",[15,2096,17],{},[15,2098,1228],{},"?",[20,2101,2102,2104,2105,2107],{},[15,2103,17],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,2106,1228],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1404,2109,2111],{"id":2110},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,2113,2114],{},"Use:",[38,2116,2118],{"className":40,"code":2117,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,2119,2120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2121,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2123,269],{"class":53},[47,2125,89],{"class":61},[47,2127,93],{"class":92},[47,2129,106],{"class":61},[47,2131,362],{"class":278},[47,2133,58],{"class":57},[47,2135,367],{"class":284},[47,2137,216],{"class":61},[1404,2139,2141],{"id":2140},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,2143,2114],{},[38,2145,2147],{"className":40,"code":2146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,2148,2149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2150,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2152,269],{"class":53},[47,2154,89],{"class":61},[47,2156,93],{"class":92},[47,2158,106],{"class":61},[47,2160,279],{"class":278},[47,2162,58],{"class":57},[47,2164,883],{"class":882},[47,2166,89],{"class":61},[47,2168,889],{"class":888},[47,2170,216],{"class":61},[20,2172,2173],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1404,2175,2177,2178,2180],{"id":2176},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,2179,1574],{}," when sorting?",[20,2182,2183],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[33,2185,2187],{"id":2186},"see-also","See also",[138,2189,2190,2195,2201,2205],{},[141,2191,2192],{},[252,2193,2194],{"href":607},"How to sort a list in Python",[141,2196,2197],{},[252,2198,1386,2199,1389],{"href":1385},[15,2200,1228],{},[141,2202,2203],{},[252,2204,255],{"href":254},[141,2206,2207],{},[252,2208,1393],{"href":1392},[2210,2211,2212],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":2214},[2215,2216,2218,2219,2220,2221,2223,2225,2236,2246],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":127,"depth":83,"text":2217},"What list.sort() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":415,"depth":83,"text":416},{"id":611,"depth":83,"text":612},{"id":949,"depth":83,"text":2222},"Using the key argument",{"id":1222,"depth":83,"text":2224},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":2226},[2227,2229,2230,2232,2234,2235],{"id":1406,"depth":99,"text":2228},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":1522,"depth":99,"text":1523},{"id":1578,"depth":99,"text":2231},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":1746,"depth":99,"text":2233},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":1833,"depth":99,"text":1834},{"id":1943,"depth":99,"text":1944},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":2237},[2238,2240,2242,2243,2244],{"id":2081,"depth":99,"text":2239},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":2093,"depth":99,"text":2241},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":2110,"depth":99,"text":2111},{"id":2140,"depth":99,"text":2141},{"id":2176,"depth":99,"text":2245},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":5,"description":2247},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",[2255,3844,5543,7237,9374,11575,13090,15267,17473,19931,21770,24334,26431,28713,30661,32572,34568,36005,37830,40354,42516,43745,45116,46764,49085,50929,52910,54603,55853,57546,59296,61264,63013,65111,66471,68421,69984,71975,73770,75663,78104,80032,82672,84701,86664,88852,90856,93169,94851,96296,97490,98668,100508,102948,104652,106667,108191,109436,110599,111981,114052,115949,117723,119589,121708,123448,124910,126504,128427,130104,132039,133528,136312,137889,139448,141476,143428,144891,146080,147966,149377,151073,152627,154049,155452,157350,159744,161575],{"id":2256,"title":2257,"body":2258,"description":3838,"extension":2248,"meta":3839,"navigation":203,"path":3840,"seo":3841,"stem":3842,"__hash__":3843},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2259,"toc":3810},[2260,2263,2269,2272,2283,2286,2288,2352,2354,2374,2379,2383,2388,2391,2407,2410,2435,2438,2440,2443,2459,2462,2489,2491,2549,2551,2566,2576,2587,2591,2594,2647,2649,2669,2672,2695,2702,2706,2711,2717,2719,2756,2758,2767,2773,2790,2793,2805,2809,2814,2818,2821,2842,2844,2902,2904,2912,2915,2919,2951,2953,2961,2964,2968,2973,3021,3023,3031,3035,3095,3097,3105,3108,3110,3114,3117,3140,3149,3165,3216,3218,3233,3244,3248,3251,3279,3284,3288,3293,3334,3336,3347,3350,3393,3395,3403,3407,3412,3434,3436,3445,3454,3458,3463,3485,3487,3557,3559,3609,3612,3615,3618,3697,3699,3729,3731,3735,3738,3742,3745,3749,3752,3756,3768,3772,3775,3777,3807],[10,2261,2257],{"id":2262},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2264,956,2265,2268],{},[15,2266,2267],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2270,2271],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[138,2273,2274,2277,2280],{},[141,2275,2276],{},"a number without its negative sign",[141,2278,2279],{},"the distance between two numbers",[141,2281,2282],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2284,2285],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[33,2287,36],{"id":35},[38,2289,2291],{"className":40,"code":2290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2292,2293,2311,2326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2294,2295,2297,2299,2302,2304,2307,2309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2296,103],{"class":102},[47,2298,106],{"class":61},[47,2300,2301],{"class":102},"abs",[47,2303,106],{"class":61},[47,2305,2306],{"class":57},"-",[47,2308,397],{"class":65},[47,2310,1978],{"class":61},[47,2312,2313,2315,2317,2319,2321,2324],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2314,103],{"class":102},[47,2316,106],{"class":61},[47,2318,2301],{"class":102},[47,2320,106],{"class":61},[47,2322,2323],{"class":65},"3.5",[47,2325,1978],{"class":61},[47,2327,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2341,2344,2346,2350],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2329,103],{"class":102},[47,2331,106],{"class":61},[47,2333,2301],{"class":102},[47,2335,106],{"class":61},[47,2337,2306],{"class":57},[47,2339,2340],{"class":65},"2",[47,2342,2343],{"class":57},"+",[47,2345,66],{"class":65},[47,2347,2349],{"class":2348},"sbsja","j",[47,2351,1978],{"class":61},[20,2353,219],{},[38,2355,2357],{"className":40,"code":2356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2358,2359,2364,2369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2360,2361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2362,2363],{"class":65},"7\n",[47,2365,2366],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2367,2368],{"class":65},"3.5\n",[47,2370,2371],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2372,2373],{"class":65},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2375,118,2376,2378],{},[15,2377,2267],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[33,2380,2382],{"id":2381},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2384,2385,2387],{},[15,2386,2267],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2389,2390],{},"That means:",[138,2392,2393,2396,2399],{},[141,2394,2395],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[141,2397,2398],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[141,2400,2401,2404,2405],{},[15,2402,2403],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2406,2403],{},[20,2408,2409],{},"Examples:",[138,2411,2412,2420,2428],{},[141,2413,2414,2417,2418],{},[15,2415,2416],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2419,173],{},[141,2421,2422,2417,2425],{},[15,2423,2424],{},"abs(9)",[15,2426,2427],{},"9",[141,2429,2430,2417,2433],{},[15,2431,2432],{},"abs(0)",[15,2434,2403],{},[20,2436,2437],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[33,2439,259],{"id":258},[20,2441,2442],{},"The syntax is:",[38,2444,2446],{"className":40,"code":2445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,2447,2448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2449,2450,2452,2454,2457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2451,2301],{"class":102},[47,2453,106],{"class":61},[47,2455,2456],{"class":92},"x",[47,2458,216],{"class":61},[20,2460,2461],{},"Here:",[138,2463,2464,2481,2486],{},[141,2465,2466,2468,2469,2472,2473,2476,2477,2480],{},[15,2467,2456],{}," is usually an ",[15,2470,2471],{},"int",", ",[15,2474,2475],{},"float",", or ",[15,2478,2479],{},"complex"," number",[141,2482,2483,2485],{},[15,2484,2267],{}," returns a new value",[141,2487,2488],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2490,318],{},[38,2492,2494],{"className":40,"code":2493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2495,2496,2509,2525,2529,2539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2497,2498,2501,2503,2506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2499,2500],{"class":53},"number ",[47,2502,58],{"class":57},[47,2504,2505],{"class":57}," -",[47,2507,2508],{"class":65},"12\n",[47,2510,2511,2513,2515,2518,2520,2523],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2512,1442],{"class":53},[47,2514,58],{"class":57},[47,2516,2517],{"class":102}," abs",[47,2519,106],{"class":61},[47,2521,2522],{"class":92},"number",[47,2524,216],{"class":61},[47,2526,2527],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2528,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,2530,2531,2533,2535,2537],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,2532,103],{"class":102},[47,2534,106],{"class":61},[47,2536,2522],{"class":92},[47,2538,216],{"class":61},[47,2540,2541,2543,2545,2547],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,2542,103],{"class":102},[47,2544,106],{"class":61},[47,2546,1466],{"class":92},[47,2548,216],{"class":61},[20,2550,219],{},[38,2552,2554],{"className":40,"code":2553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,2555,2556,2562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2557,2558,2560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2559,2306],{"class":57},[47,2561,2508],{"class":65},[47,2563,2564],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2565,2508],{"class":65},[20,2567,2568,2569,2571,2572,2575],{},"Notice that ",[15,2570,2522],{}," is still ",[15,2573,2574],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2577,2578,2579,2586],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[252,2580,2582,2585],{"href":2581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2583,2584],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[33,2588,2590],{"id":2589},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2592,2593],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,2595,2597],{"className":40,"code":2596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2598,2599,2615,2630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2600,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609,2611,2613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2602,103],{"class":102},[47,2604,106],{"class":61},[47,2606,2301],{"class":102},[47,2608,106],{"class":61},[47,2610,2306],{"class":57},[47,2612,437],{"class":65},[47,2614,1978],{"class":61},[47,2616,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2618,103],{"class":102},[47,2620,106],{"class":61},[47,2622,2301],{"class":102},[47,2624,106],{"class":61},[47,2626,2627],{"class":65},"8",[47,2629,1978],{"class":61},[47,2631,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2645],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2633,103],{"class":102},[47,2635,106],{"class":61},[47,2637,2301],{"class":102},[47,2639,106],{"class":61},[47,2641,2306],{"class":57},[47,2643,2644],{"class":65},"4.2",[47,2646,1978],{"class":61},[20,2648,219],{},[38,2650,2652],{"className":40,"code":2651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2653,2654,2659,2664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2655,2656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2657,2658],{"class":65},"10\n",[47,2660,2661],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2662,2663],{"class":65},"8\n",[47,2665,2666],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2667,2668],{"class":65},"4.2\n",[20,2670,2671],{},"What each line does:",[138,2673,2674,2681,2688],{},[141,2675,2676,2057,2679],{},[15,2677,2678],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2680,437],{},[141,2682,2683,2057,2686],{},[15,2684,2685],{},"abs(8)",[15,2687,2627],{},[141,2689,2690,2057,2693],{},[15,2691,2692],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2694,2644],{},[20,2696,2697,2698,89],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[252,2699,2701],{"href":2700},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[33,2703,2705],{"id":2704},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2707,2708,2710],{},[15,2709,2267],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2712,2713,2714,2716],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2715,2403],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2718,318],{},[38,2720,2722],{"className":40,"code":2721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2723,2724,2741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2725,2726,2729,2731,2733,2736,2738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2727,2728],{"class":53},"value ",[47,2730,58],{"class":57},[47,2732,442],{"class":65},[47,2734,2735],{"class":57}," +",[47,2737,402],{"class":65},[47,2739,2740],{"class":2348},"j\n",[47,2742,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751,2754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2744,103],{"class":102},[47,2746,106],{"class":61},[47,2748,2301],{"class":102},[47,2750,106],{"class":61},[47,2752,2753],{"class":92},"value",[47,2755,1978],{"class":61},[20,2757,219],{},[38,2759,2761],{"className":40,"code":2760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,2762,2763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2764,2765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2766,2760],{"class":65},[20,2768,2769,2770,2099],{},"Why ",[15,2771,2772],{},"5.0",[138,2774,2775,2780,2785],{},[141,2776,2777,2778],{},"the real part is ",[15,2779,66],{},[141,2781,2782,2783],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2784,334],{},[141,2786,2787,2788],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2789,2772],{},[20,2791,2792],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[138,2794,2795,2802],{},[141,2796,2797,2799,2800],{},[15,2798,2267],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2801,2475],{},[141,2803,2804],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[33,2806,2808],{"id":2807},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2810,2811,2812,89],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2813,2267],{},[1404,2815,2817],{"id":2816},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2819,2820],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,2822,2824],{"className":40,"code":2823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2825,2826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2827,2828,2830,2832,2835,2837,2840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2829,2301],{"class":102},[47,2831,106],{"class":61},[47,2833,2834],{"class":92},"a ",[47,2836,2306],{"class":57},[47,2838,2839],{"class":92}," b",[47,2841,216],{"class":61},[20,2843,318],{},[38,2845,2847],{"className":40,"code":2846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2848,2849,2858,2868,2872,2891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2850,2851,2853,2855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2852,2834],{"class":53},[47,2854,58],{"class":57},[47,2856,2857],{"class":65}," 3\n",[47,2859,2860,2863,2865],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2861,2862],{"class":53},"b ",[47,2864,58],{"class":57},[47,2866,2867],{"class":65}," 10\n",[47,2869,2870],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,2871,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,2873,2874,2877,2879,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,2875,2876],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,2878,58],{"class":57},[47,2880,2517],{"class":102},[47,2882,106],{"class":61},[47,2884,2834],{"class":92},[47,2886,2306],{"class":57},[47,2888,2839],{"class":92},[47,2890,216],{"class":61},[47,2892,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,2894,103],{"class":102},[47,2896,106],{"class":61},[47,2898,2899],{"class":92},"distance",[47,2901,216],{"class":61},[20,2903,219],{},[38,2905,2906],{"className":40,"code":2363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2907,2908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2909,2910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2911,2363],{"class":65},[20,2913,2914],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1404,2916,2918],{"id":2917},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,2920,2922],{"className":40,"code":2921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2923,2924,2936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2925,2926,2929,2931,2933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2927,2928],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2930,58],{"class":57},[47,2932,2505],{"class":57},[47,2934,2935],{"class":65},"6\n",[47,2937,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2949],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2939,103],{"class":102},[47,2941,106],{"class":61},[47,2943,2301],{"class":102},[47,2945,106],{"class":61},[47,2947,2948],{"class":92},"temperature_change",[47,2950,1978],{"class":61},[20,2952,219],{},[38,2954,2955],{"className":40,"code":2935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2956,2957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2958,2959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2960,2935],{"class":65},[20,2962,2963],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1404,2965,2967],{"id":2966},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2969,2970,2971,2586],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2972,2267],{},[38,2974,2976],{"className":40,"code":2975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2977,2978,2990,3006,3010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2979,2980,2983,2985,2987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2981,2982],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2984,58],{"class":57},[47,2986,2505],{"class":57},[47,2988,2989],{"class":65},"25\n",[47,2991,2992,2995,2997,2999,3001,3004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,2993,2994],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2996,58],{"class":57},[47,2998,2517],{"class":102},[47,3000,106],{"class":61},[47,3002,3003],{"class":92},"balance_change",[47,3005,216],{"class":61},[47,3007,3008],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3009,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,3011,3012,3014,3016,3019],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,3013,103],{"class":102},[47,3015,106],{"class":61},[47,3017,3018],{"class":92},"safe_value",[47,3020,216],{"class":61},[20,3022,219],{},[38,3024,3025],{"className":40,"code":2989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3026,3027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3028,3029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3030,2989],{"class":65},[1404,3032,3034],{"id":3033},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,3036,3038],{"className":40,"code":3037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3039,3040,3050,3060,3064,3084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3041,3042,3045,3047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3043,3044],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,3046,58],{"class":57},[47,3048,3049],{"class":65}," 42\n",[47,3051,3052,3055,3057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3053,3054],{"class":53},"target ",[47,3056,58],{"class":57},[47,3058,3059],{"class":65}," 50\n",[47,3061,3062],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3063,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,3065,3066,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3082],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,3067,3068],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,3070,58],{"class":57},[47,3072,2517],{"class":102},[47,3074,106],{"class":61},[47,3076,3044],{"class":92},[47,3078,2306],{"class":57},[47,3080,3081],{"class":92}," target",[47,3083,216],{"class":61},[47,3085,3086,3088,3090,3093],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,3087,103],{"class":102},[47,3089,106],{"class":61},[47,3091,3092],{"class":92},"difference",[47,3094,216],{"class":61},[20,3096,219],{},[38,3098,3099],{"className":40,"code":2663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3100,3101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3102,3103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3104,2663],{"class":65},[20,3106,3107],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[33,3109,1397],{"id":1396},[1404,3111,3113],{"id":3112},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3115,3116],{},"This causes an error:",[38,3118,3120],{"className":40,"code":3119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3121,3122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3123,3124,3126,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136,3138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3125,103],{"class":102},[47,3127,106],{"class":61},[47,3129,2301],{"class":102},[47,3131,106],{"class":61},[47,3133,633],{"class":632},[47,3135,173],{"class":636},[47,3137,633],{"class":632},[47,3139,1978],{"class":61},[20,3141,3142,3145,3146,3148],{},[15,3143,3144],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3147,2267],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3150,3151,3152,3158,3159,136],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[252,3153,3155],{"href":3154},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3156,3157],{},"int()"," or ",[252,3160,3162],{"href":3161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3163,3164],{},"float()",[38,3166,3168],{"className":40,"code":3167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3169,3170,3193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3171,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3173,103],{"class":102},[47,3175,106],{"class":61},[47,3177,2301],{"class":102},[47,3179,106],{"class":61},[47,3181,2471],{"class":882},[47,3183,106],{"class":61},[47,3185,633],{"class":632},[47,3187,173],{"class":636},[47,3189,633],{"class":632},[47,3191,3192],{"class":61},")))\n",[47,3194,3195,3197,3199,3201,3203,3205,3207,3209,3212,3214],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3196,103],{"class":102},[47,3198,106],{"class":61},[47,3200,2301],{"class":102},[47,3202,106],{"class":61},[47,3204,2475],{"class":882},[47,3206,106],{"class":61},[47,3208,633],{"class":632},[47,3210,3211],{"class":636},"-3.2",[47,3213,633],{"class":632},[47,3215,3192],{"class":61},[20,3217,219],{},[38,3219,3221],{"className":40,"code":3220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3222,3223,3228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3224,3225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3226,3227],{"class":65},"5\n",[47,3229,3230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3231,3232],{"class":65},"3.2\n",[20,3234,3235,3236,3239,3240,89],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3237,3238],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[252,3241,3243],{"href":3242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1404,3245,3247],{"id":3246},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3249,3250],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,3252,3254],{"className":40,"code":3253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3255,3256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3257,3258,3260,3262,3264,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3259,103],{"class":102},[47,3261,106],{"class":61},[47,3263,2301],{"class":102},[47,3265,2015],{"class":61},[47,3267,232],{"class":65},[47,3269,69],{"class":61},[47,3271,77],{"class":65},[47,3273,69],{"class":61},[47,3275,442],{"class":65},[47,3277,3278],{"class":61},"]))\n",[20,3280,1571,3281,3283],{},[15,3282,1574],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1404,3285,3287],{"id":3286},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3289,3290,3292],{},[15,3291,2267],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,3294,3296],{"className":40,"code":3295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3297,3298,3310,3320,3324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3299,3300,3303,3305,3307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3301,3302],{"class":53},"x ",[47,3304,58],{"class":57},[47,3306,2505],{"class":57},[47,3308,3309],{"class":65},"9\n",[47,3311,3312,3314,3316,3318],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3313,2301],{"class":102},[47,3315,106],{"class":61},[47,3317,2456],{"class":92},[47,3319,216],{"class":61},[47,3321,3322],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3323,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,3325,3326,3328,3330,3332],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,3327,103],{"class":102},[47,3329,106],{"class":61},[47,3331,2456],{"class":92},[47,3333,216],{"class":61},[20,3335,219],{},[38,3337,3339],{"className":40,"code":3338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,3340,3341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3342,3343,3345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3344,2306],{"class":57},[47,3346,3309],{"class":65},[20,3348,3349],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,3351,3353],{"className":40,"code":3352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3354,3355,3365,3379,3383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3356,3357,3359,3361,3363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3358,3302],{"class":53},[47,3360,58],{"class":57},[47,3362,2505],{"class":57},[47,3364,3309],{"class":65},[47,3366,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3377],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3368,3302],{"class":53},[47,3370,58],{"class":57},[47,3372,2517],{"class":102},[47,3374,106],{"class":61},[47,3376,2456],{"class":92},[47,3378,216],{"class":61},[47,3380,3381],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3382,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,3384,3385,3387,3389,3391],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,3386,103],{"class":102},[47,3388,106],{"class":61},[47,3390,2456],{"class":92},[47,3392,216],{"class":61},[20,3394,219],{},[38,3396,3397],{"className":40,"code":3309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3398,3399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3400,3401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3402,3309],{"class":65},[1404,3404,3406],{"id":3405},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3408,3409,3411],{},[15,3410,2267],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,3413,3415],{"className":40,"code":3414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3416,3417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3418,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427,3429,3432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3420,103],{"class":102},[47,3422,106],{"class":61},[47,3424,2301],{"class":102},[47,3426,106],{"class":61},[47,3428,2306],{"class":57},[47,3430,3431],{"class":65},"4.7",[47,3433,1978],{"class":61},[20,3435,219],{},[38,3437,3439],{"className":40,"code":3438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,3440,3441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3442,3443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3444,3438],{"class":65},[20,3446,3447,3448,3450,3451,3453],{},"If you expected ",[15,3449,173],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3452,2267],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[33,3455,3457],{"id":3456},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3459,3460,3462],{},[15,3461,2267],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[138,3464,3465,3472,3479],{},[141,3466,3467,3469,3470],{},[15,3468,2471],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3471,2471],{},[141,3473,3474,3476,3477],{},[15,3475,2475],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3478,2475],{},[141,3480,3481,3476,3483],{},[15,3482,2479],{},[15,3484,2475],{},[20,3486,318],{},[38,3488,3490],{"className":40,"code":3489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3491,3492,3512,3533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3493,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3495,103],{"class":102},[47,3497,106],{"class":61},[47,3499,1971],{"class":882},[47,3501,106],{"class":61},[47,3503,2301],{"class":102},[47,3505,106],{"class":61},[47,3507,2306],{"class":57},[47,3509,173],{"class":65},[47,3511,3192],{"class":61},[47,3513,3514,3516,3518,3520,3522,3524,3526,3528,3531],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3515,103],{"class":102},[47,3517,106],{"class":61},[47,3519,1971],{"class":882},[47,3521,106],{"class":61},[47,3523,2301],{"class":102},[47,3525,106],{"class":61},[47,3527,2306],{"class":57},[47,3529,3530],{"class":65},"3.2",[47,3532,3192],{"class":61},[47,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3536,103],{"class":102},[47,3538,106],{"class":61},[47,3540,1971],{"class":882},[47,3542,106],{"class":61},[47,3544,2301],{"class":102},[47,3546,106],{"class":61},[47,3548,66],{"class":65},[47,3550,2735],{"class":57},[47,3552,402],{"class":65},[47,3554,2349],{"class":2348},[47,3556,3192],{"class":61},[20,3558,219],{},[38,3560,3562],{"className":40,"code":3561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3563,3564,3581,3595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3565,3566,3569,3572,3574,3576,3578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3567,3568],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,3570,3571],{"class":2348},"class",[47,3573,708],{"class":632},[47,3575,2471],{"class":636},[47,3577,699],{"class":632},[47,3579,3580],{"class":57},">\n",[47,3582,3583,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3584,3568],{"class":57},[47,3586,3571],{"class":2348},[47,3588,708],{"class":632},[47,3590,2475],{"class":636},[47,3592,699],{"class":632},[47,3594,3580],{"class":57},[47,3596,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3598,3568],{"class":57},[47,3600,3571],{"class":2348},[47,3602,708],{"class":632},[47,3604,2475],{"class":636},[47,3606,699],{"class":632},[47,3608,3580],{"class":57},[20,3610,3611],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3613,3614],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3616,3617],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,3619,3621],{"className":40,"code":3620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3622,3623,3636,3646,3660,3664,3678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3624,3625,3627,3629,3631,3634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3626,2728],{"class":53},[47,3628,58],{"class":57},[47,3630,644],{"class":632},[47,3632,3633],{"class":636},"-5",[47,3635,1609],{"class":632},[47,3637,3638,3640,3642,3644],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3639,103],{"class":102},[47,3641,106],{"class":61},[47,3643,2753],{"class":92},[47,3645,216],{"class":61},[47,3647,3648,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3649,103],{"class":102},[47,3651,106],{"class":61},[47,3653,1971],{"class":882},[47,3655,106],{"class":61},[47,3657,2753],{"class":92},[47,3659,1978],{"class":61},[47,3661,3662],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,3663,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,3665,3666,3669,3671,3673,3676],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,3667,3668],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,3670,58],{"class":57},[47,3672,644],{"class":632},[47,3674,3675],{"class":636},"-3.7",[47,3677,1609],{"class":632},[47,3679,3680,3682,3684,3686,3688,3690,3692,3695],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,3681,103],{"class":102},[47,3683,106],{"class":61},[47,3685,2301],{"class":102},[47,3687,106],{"class":61},[47,3689,2475],{"class":882},[47,3691,106],{"class":61},[47,3693,3694],{"class":92},"user_input",[47,3696,3192],{"class":61},[20,3698,219],{},[38,3700,3702],{"className":40,"code":3701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3703,3704,3710,3724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3705,3706,3708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3707,2306],{"class":57},[47,3709,3227],{"class":65},[47,3711,3712,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3713,3568],{"class":57},[47,3715,3571],{"class":2348},[47,3717,708],{"class":632},[47,3719,883],{"class":636},[47,3721,699],{"class":632},[47,3723,3580],{"class":57},[47,3725,3726],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3727,3728],{"class":65},"3.7\n",[33,3730,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,3732,3734],{"id":3733},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3736,3737],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1404,3739,3741],{"id":3740},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3743,3744],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1404,3746,3748],{"id":3747},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3750,3751],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1404,3753,3755],{"id":3754},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3757,3758,3760,3761,3158,3763,3765,3766,89],{},[15,3759,3238],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3762,3157],{},[15,3764,3164],{}," before using ",[15,3767,2267],{},[1404,3769,3771],{"id":3770},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3773,3774],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[33,3776,2187],{"id":2186},[138,3778,3779,3786,3792,3798,3803],{},[141,3780,3781],{},[252,3782,3783,3785],{"href":3154},[15,3784,3157],{}," function explained",[141,3787,3788],{},[252,3789,3790,3785],{"href":3161},[15,3791,3164],{},[141,3793,3794],{},[252,3795,3796,3785],{"href":2581},[15,3797,2584],{},[141,3799,3800],{},[252,3801,3802],{"href":3242},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[141,3804,3805],{},[252,3806,2701],{"href":2700},[2210,3808,3809],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":3811},[3812,3813,3814,3815,3816,3817,3823,3829,3830,3837],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":2381,"depth":83,"text":2382},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":2589,"depth":83,"text":2590},{"id":2704,"depth":83,"text":2705},{"id":2807,"depth":83,"text":2808,"children":3818},[3819,3820,3821,3822],{"id":2816,"depth":99,"text":2817},{"id":2917,"depth":99,"text":2918},{"id":2966,"depth":99,"text":2967},{"id":3033,"depth":99,"text":3034},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":3824},[3825,3826,3827,3828],{"id":3112,"depth":99,"text":3113},{"id":3246,"depth":99,"text":3247},{"id":3286,"depth":99,"text":3287},{"id":3405,"depth":99,"text":3406},{"id":3456,"depth":83,"text":3457},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":3831},[3832,3833,3834,3835,3836],{"id":3733,"depth":99,"text":3734},{"id":3740,"depth":99,"text":3741},{"id":3747,"depth":99,"text":3748},{"id":3754,"depth":99,"text":3755},{"id":3770,"depth":99,"text":3771},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2257,"description":3838},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3845,"title":3846,"body":3847,"description":5537,"extension":2248,"meta":5538,"navigation":203,"path":5539,"seo":5540,"stem":5541,"__hash__":5542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3848,"toc":5501},[3849,3856,3862,3865,3881,3885,3938,3947,3952,3956,3975,3978,3995,3998,4002,4010,4028,4031,4070,4073,4080,4086,4159,4161,4192,4198,4202,4206,4245,4247,4256,4263,4267,4306,4308,4317,4327,4331,4382,4384,4392,4395,4398,4445,4447,4455,4461,4468,4473,4476,4479,4545,4547,4555,4558,4625,4627,4635,4649,4652,4663,4667,4673,4676,4678,4694,4696,4704,4707,4710,4713,4730,4733,4736,4766,4768,4781,4785,4789,4792,4807,4812,4815,4842,4849,4852,4891,4898,4904,4912,4915,4967,4973,5038,5043,5052,5055,5073,5079,5082,5224,5230,5235,5238,5249,5252,5307,5309,5317,5320,5379,5381,5389,5392,5403,5405,5412,5421,5430,5433,5440,5443,5451,5464,5466,5498],[10,3850,1386,3852,3855],{"id":3851},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3853,3854],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3857,3858,3859,3861],{},"Python’s ",[15,3860,3854],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3863,3864],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[138,3866,3867,3870,3873],{},[141,3868,3869],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[141,3871,3872],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[141,3874,3875,2057,3878,3880],{},[15,3876,3877],{},"all([])",[15,3879,367],{},", which often seems strange at first",[33,3882,3884],{"id":3883},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,3886,3888],{"className":40,"code":3887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3889,3890,3910,3925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3891,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3893,54],{"class":53},[47,3895,58],{"class":57},[47,3897,62],{"class":61},[47,3899,232],{"class":65},[47,3901,69],{"class":61},[47,3903,77],{"class":65},[47,3905,69],{"class":61},[47,3907,442],{"class":65},[47,3909,80],{"class":61},[47,3911,3912,3914,3916,3919,3921,3923],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,3913,1442],{"class":53},[47,3915,58],{"class":57},[47,3917,3918],{"class":102}," all",[47,3920,106],{"class":61},[47,3922,86],{"class":92},[47,3924,216],{"class":61},[47,3926,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,3928,103],{"class":102},[47,3930,106],{"class":61},[47,3932,1466],{"class":92},[47,3934,111],{"class":61},[47,3936,3937],{"class":114},"  # True\n",[20,3939,3940,2057,3942,3944,3945,89],{},[15,3941,3854],{},[15,3943,367],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3946,294],{},[33,3948,128,3950,131],{"id":3949},"what-all-does",[15,3951,3854],{},[20,3953,3954,136],{},[15,3955,3854],{},[138,3957,3958,3961,3967,3972],{},[141,3959,3960],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[141,3962,3963,3964,3966],{},"returns ",[15,3965,367],{}," if all items are truthy",[141,3968,3963,3969,3971],{},[15,3970,294],{}," if any item is falsy",[141,3973,3974],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3976,3977],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,3979,3981],{"className":40,"code":3980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3982,3983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3984,3985,3988,3990,3993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3986,3987],{"class":102},"all",[47,3989,106],{"class":61},[47,3991,3992],{"class":92},"iterable",[47,3994,216],{"class":61},[20,3996,3997],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[33,3999,4001],{"id":4000},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4003,4004,4005,3158,4007,4009],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4006,367],{},[15,4008,294],{}," in conditions.",[138,4011,4012,4021],{},[141,4013,4014,4018,4019],{},[4015,4016,4017],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4020,367],{},[141,4022,4023,4018,4026],{},[4015,4024,4025],{},"Falsy",[15,4027,294],{},[20,4029,4030],{},"Common falsy values include:",[138,4032,4033,4037,4042,4047,4051,4055,4060,4065],{},[141,4034,4035],{},[15,4036,2403],{},[141,4038,4039],{},[15,4040,4041],{},"0.0",[141,4043,4044],{},[15,4045,4046],{},"''",[141,4048,4049],{},[15,4050,124],{},[141,4052,4053],{},[15,4054,294],{},[141,4056,4057],{},[15,4058,4059],{},"[]",[141,4061,4062],{},[15,4063,4064],{},"{}",[141,4066,4067],{},[15,4068,4069],{},"set()",[20,4071,4072],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4074,4075,4076,89],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[252,4077,4079],{"href":4078},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4081,4082,4083,136],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4084,4085],{},"bool()",[38,4087,4089],{"className":40,"code":4088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4090,4091,4128,4132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4092,4093,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4107,4109,4112,4114,4116,4119,4121,4123,4126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4094,4095],{"class":53},"values ",[47,4097,58],{"class":57},[47,4099,62],{"class":61},[47,4101,232],{"class":65},[47,4103,69],{"class":61},[47,4105,4106],{"class":65}," 0",[47,4108,69],{"class":61},[47,4110,4111],{"class":632}," ''",[47,4113,69],{"class":61},[47,4115,708],{"class":632},[47,4117,4118],{"class":636},"hello",[47,4120,699],{"class":632},[47,4122,69],{"class":61},[47,4124,4125],{"class":284}," None",[47,4127,80],{"class":61},[47,4129,4130],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4131,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,4133,4134,4136,4138,4141,4143,4145,4147,4149,4152,4154,4157],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,4135,103],{"class":102},[47,4137,2015],{"class":61},[47,4139,4140],{"class":882},"bool",[47,4142,106],{"class":61},[47,4144,2456],{"class":92},[47,4146,111],{"class":61},[47,4148,2028],{"class":2027},[47,4150,4151],{"class":92}," x ",[47,4153,2034],{"class":2027},[47,4155,4156],{"class":92}," values",[47,4158,2040],{"class":61},[20,4160,219],{},[38,4162,4164],{"className":40,"code":4163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4165,4166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4167,4168,4170,4172,4174,4177,4179,4181,4183,4186,4188,4190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4169,229],{"class":61},[47,4171,367],{"class":284},[47,4173,69],{"class":61},[47,4175,4176],{"class":284}," False",[47,4178,69],{"class":61},[47,4180,4176],{"class":284},[47,4182,69],{"class":61},[47,4184,4185],{"class":284}," True",[47,4187,69],{"class":61},[47,4189,4176],{"class":284},[47,4191,80],{"class":61},[20,4193,4194,4195,4197],{},"This matters because ",[15,4196,3854],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[33,4199,4201],{"id":4200},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1404,4203,4205],{"id":4204},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,4207,4209],{"className":40,"code":4208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4210,4211,4231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4212,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4214,54],{"class":53},[47,4216,58],{"class":57},[47,4218,62],{"class":61},[47,4220,232],{"class":65},[47,4222,69],{"class":61},[47,4224,77],{"class":65},[47,4226,69],{"class":61},[47,4228,442],{"class":65},[47,4230,80],{"class":61},[47,4232,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4234,103],{"class":102},[47,4236,106],{"class":61},[47,4238,3987],{"class":102},[47,4240,106],{"class":61},[47,4242,86],{"class":92},[47,4244,1978],{"class":61},[20,4246,219],{},[38,4248,4250],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n",[15,4251,4252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4253,4254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4255,4249],{"class":284},[20,4257,4258,4259,2057,4261,89],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4260,3854],{},[15,4262,367],{},[1404,4264,4266],{"id":4265},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,4268,4270],{"className":40,"code":4269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4271,4272,4292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4273,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4275,54],{"class":53},[47,4277,58],{"class":57},[47,4279,62],{"class":61},[47,4281,232],{"class":65},[47,4283,69],{"class":61},[47,4285,4106],{"class":65},[47,4287,69],{"class":61},[47,4289,442],{"class":65},[47,4291,80],{"class":61},[47,4293,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4295,103],{"class":102},[47,4297,106],{"class":61},[47,4299,3987],{"class":102},[47,4301,106],{"class":61},[47,4303,86],{"class":92},[47,4305,1978],{"class":61},[20,4307,219],{},[38,4309,4311],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,4312,4313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4314,4315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4316,4310],{"class":284},[20,4318,4319,4320,4322,4323,2057,4325,89],{},"The value ",[15,4321,2403],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4324,3854],{},[15,4326,294],{},[1404,4328,4330],{"id":4329},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,4332,4334],{"className":40,"code":4333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4335,4336,4368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4339,625],{"class":53},[47,4341,58],{"class":57},[47,4343,62],{"class":61},[47,4345,699],{"class":632},[47,4347,647],{"class":636},[47,4349,699],{"class":632},[47,4351,69],{"class":61},[47,4353,708],{"class":632},[47,4355,637],{"class":636},[47,4357,699],{"class":632},[47,4359,69],{"class":61},[47,4361,708],{"class":632},[47,4363,656],{"class":636},[47,4365,699],{"class":632},[47,4367,80],{"class":61},[47,4369,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4371,103],{"class":102},[47,4373,106],{"class":61},[47,4375,3987],{"class":102},[47,4377,106],{"class":61},[47,4379,665],{"class":92},[47,4381,1978],{"class":61},[20,4383,219],{},[38,4385,4386],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4387,4388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4389,4390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4391,4249],{"class":284},[20,4393,4394],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4396,4397],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,4399,4401],{"className":40,"code":4400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4402,4403,4431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4404,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4406,625],{"class":53},[47,4408,58],{"class":57},[47,4410,62],{"class":61},[47,4412,699],{"class":632},[47,4414,647],{"class":636},[47,4416,699],{"class":632},[47,4418,69],{"class":61},[47,4420,4111],{"class":632},[47,4422,69],{"class":61},[47,4424,708],{"class":632},[47,4426,656],{"class":636},[47,4428,699],{"class":632},[47,4430,80],{"class":61},[47,4432,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4434,103],{"class":102},[47,4436,106],{"class":61},[47,4438,3987],{"class":102},[47,4440,106],{"class":61},[47,4442,665],{"class":92},[47,4444,1978],{"class":61},[20,4446,219],{},[38,4448,4449],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4450,4451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4452,4453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4454,4310],{"class":284},[20,4456,4457,4458,4460],{},"The empty string ",[15,4459,4046],{}," is falsy.",[33,4462,4464,4465,4467],{"id":4463},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4466,3854],{}," works with conditions",[20,4469,4470,4472],{},[15,4471,3854],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4474,4475],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4477,4478],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,4480,4482],{"className":40,"code":4481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4483,4484,4504,4531,4535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4485,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4487,54],{"class":53},[47,4489,58],{"class":57},[47,4491,62],{"class":61},[47,4493,232],{"class":65},[47,4495,69],{"class":61},[47,4497,77],{"class":65},[47,4499,69],{"class":61},[47,4501,442],{"class":65},[47,4503,80],{"class":61},[47,4505,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4507,1442],{"class":53},[47,4509,58],{"class":57},[47,4511,3918],{"class":102},[47,4513,106],{"class":61},[47,4515,3302],{"class":92},[47,4517,4518],{"class":57},">",[47,4520,4106],{"class":65},[47,4522,2028],{"class":2027},[47,4524,4151],{"class":92},[47,4526,2034],{"class":2027},[47,4528,1447],{"class":92},[47,4530,216],{"class":61},[47,4532,4533],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,4534,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,4536,4537,4539,4541,4543],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,4538,103],{"class":102},[47,4540,106],{"class":61},[47,4542,1466],{"class":92},[47,4544,216],{"class":61},[20,4546,219],{},[38,4548,4549],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4550,4551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4552,4553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4554,4249],{"class":284},[20,4556,4557],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,4559,4561],{"className":40,"code":4560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4562,4563,4585,4611,4615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4564,4565,4567,4569,4571,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4566,54],{"class":53},[47,4568,58],{"class":57},[47,4570,62],{"class":61},[47,4572,232],{"class":65},[47,4574,69],{"class":61},[47,4576,2505],{"class":57},[47,4578,2340],{"class":65},[47,4580,69],{"class":61},[47,4582,442],{"class":65},[47,4584,80],{"class":61},[47,4586,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4588,1442],{"class":53},[47,4590,58],{"class":57},[47,4592,3918],{"class":102},[47,4594,106],{"class":61},[47,4596,3302],{"class":92},[47,4598,4518],{"class":57},[47,4600,4106],{"class":65},[47,4602,2028],{"class":2027},[47,4604,4151],{"class":92},[47,4606,2034],{"class":2027},[47,4608,1447],{"class":92},[47,4610,216],{"class":61},[47,4612,4613],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,4614,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,4616,4617,4619,4621,4623],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,4618,103],{"class":102},[47,4620,106],{"class":61},[47,4622,1466],{"class":92},[47,4624,216],{"class":61},[20,4626,219],{},[38,4628,4629],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4630,4631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4632,4633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4634,4310],{"class":284},[20,4636,4637,4638,4641,4642,4644,4645,2057,4647,89],{},"The expression ",[15,4639,4640],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4643,367],{},", then ",[15,4646,3854],{},[15,4648,367],{},[20,4650,4651],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4653,4654,4655,1233,4659,89],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[252,4656,4658],{"href":4657},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[252,4660,4662],{"href":4661},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[33,4664,4666],{"id":4665},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4668,4669,2057,4671,89],{},[15,4670,3877],{},[15,4672,367],{},[20,4674,4675],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4677,318],{},[38,4679,4681],{"className":40,"code":4680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4682,4683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4684,4685,4687,4689,4691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4686,103],{"class":102},[47,4688,106],{"class":61},[47,4690,3987],{"class":102},[47,4692,4693],{"class":61},"([]))\n",[20,4695,219],{},[38,4697,4698],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4699,4700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4701,4702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4703,4249],{"class":284},[20,4705,4706],{},"Why?",[20,4708,4709],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4711,4712],{},"Think of it this way:",[138,4714,4715,4722,4725],{},[141,4716,4717,2057,4719,4721],{},[15,4718,3854],{},[15,4720,294],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[141,4723,4724],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[141,4726,4727,4728],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4729,294],{},[20,4731,4732],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4734,4735],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,4737,4739],{"className":40,"code":4738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4740,4741,4752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4742,4743,4745,4747,4749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4744,103],{"class":102},[47,4746,106],{"class":61},[47,4748,3987],{"class":102},[47,4750,4751],{"class":61},"(()))\n",[47,4753,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4755,103],{"class":102},[47,4757,106],{"class":61},[47,4759,3987],{"class":102},[47,4761,106],{"class":61},[47,4763,4046],{"class":632},[47,4765,1978],{"class":61},[20,4767,219],{},[38,4769,4771],{"className":40,"code":4770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4772,4773,4777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4774,4775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4776,4249],{"class":284},[47,4778,4779],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4780,4249],{"class":284},[33,4782,4784],{"id":4783},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1404,4786,4788],{"id":4787},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4790,4791],{},"This is wrong:",[38,4793,4795],{"className":40,"code":4794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4796,4797,4802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4798,4799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4800,4801],{"class":114},"# Wrong\n",[47,4803,4804],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4805,4806],{"class":114},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4808,4809,4811],{},[15,4810,3854],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4813,4814],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,4816,4818],{"className":40,"code":4817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4819,4820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4823,103],{"class":102},[47,4825,106],{"class":61},[47,4827,3987],{"class":102},[47,4829,2015],{"class":61},[47,4831,232],{"class":65},[47,4833,69],{"class":61},[47,4835,77],{"class":65},[47,4837,69],{"class":61},[47,4839,442],{"class":65},[47,4841,3278],{"class":61},[1404,4843,4845,4846,4848],{"id":4844},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4847,3854],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4850,4851],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,4853,4855],{"className":40,"code":4854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4856,4857,4877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4858,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4860,54],{"class":53},[47,4862,58],{"class":57},[47,4864,62],{"class":61},[47,4866,173],{"class":65},[47,4868,69],{"class":61},[47,4870,241],{"class":65},[47,4872,69],{"class":61},[47,4874,241],{"class":65},[47,4876,80],{"class":61},[47,4878,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4880,103],{"class":102},[47,4882,106],{"class":61},[47,4884,3987],{"class":102},[47,4886,106],{"class":61},[47,4888,86],{"class":92},[47,4890,1978],{"class":61},[20,4892,4893,4894,4897],{},"This does ",[4015,4895,4896],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4899,4900,4901,4903],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4902,173],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,4905,4906],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4907,4908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4909,4910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4911,4249],{"class":284},[20,4913,4914],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,4916,4918],{"className":40,"code":4917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4919,4920,4940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4921,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4923,54],{"class":53},[47,4925,58],{"class":57},[47,4927,62],{"class":61},[47,4929,173],{"class":65},[47,4931,69],{"class":61},[47,4933,241],{"class":65},[47,4935,69],{"class":61},[47,4937,241],{"class":65},[47,4939,80],{"class":61},[47,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,4943,103],{"class":102},[47,4945,106],{"class":61},[47,4947,3987],{"class":102},[47,4949,106],{"class":61},[47,4951,3302],{"class":92},[47,4953,4954],{"class":57},"==",[47,4956,241],{"class":65},[47,4958,2028],{"class":2027},[47,4960,4151],{"class":92},[47,4962,2034],{"class":2027},[47,4964,1447],{"class":92},[47,4966,1978],{"class":61},[1404,4968,1579,4970,4972],{"id":4969},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4971,2403],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,4974,4976],{"className":40,"code":4975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4977,4978,5004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4979,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4981,103],{"class":102},[47,4983,106],{"class":61},[47,4985,3987],{"class":102},[47,4987,2015],{"class":61},[47,4989,232],{"class":65},[47,4991,69],{"class":61},[47,4993,77],{"class":65},[47,4995,69],{"class":61},[47,4997,4106],{"class":65},[47,4999,5000],{"class":61},"]))",[47,5002,5003],{"class":114},"       # False\n",[47,5005,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5007,103],{"class":102},[47,5009,106],{"class":61},[47,5011,3987],{"class":102},[47,5013,2015],{"class":61},[47,5015,699],{"class":632},[47,5017,252],{"class":636},[47,5019,699],{"class":632},[47,5021,69],{"class":61},[47,5023,708],{"class":632},[47,5025,5026],{"class":636},"b",[47,5028,699],{"class":632},[47,5030,69],{"class":61},[47,5032,4111],{"class":632},[47,5034,5000],{"class":61},[47,5036,5037],{"class":114},"  # False\n",[20,5039,5040,5041,89],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5042,294],{},[1404,5044,5046,5047,5049,5050],{"id":5045},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5048,3877],{}," is ",[15,5051,367],{},[20,5053,5054],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,5056,5058],{"className":40,"code":5057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5059,5060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5061,5062,5064,5066,5068,5071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5063,103],{"class":102},[47,5065,106],{"class":61},[47,5067,3987],{"class":102},[47,5069,5070],{"class":61},"([]))",[47,5072,3937],{"class":114},[20,5074,5075,5076,5078],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5077,367],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5080,5081],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,5083,5085],{"className":40,"code":5084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5086,5087,5109,5131,5178,5214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5088,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5090,103],{"class":102},[47,5092,106],{"class":61},[47,5094,3987],{"class":102},[47,5096,2015],{"class":61},[47,5098,232],{"class":65},[47,5100,69],{"class":61},[47,5102,77],{"class":65},[47,5104,69],{"class":61},[47,5106,442],{"class":65},[47,5108,3278],{"class":61},[47,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5112,103],{"class":102},[47,5114,106],{"class":61},[47,5116,3987],{"class":102},[47,5118,2015],{"class":61},[47,5120,232],{"class":65},[47,5122,69],{"class":61},[47,5124,4106],{"class":65},[47,5126,69],{"class":61},[47,5128,442],{"class":65},[47,5130,3278],{"class":61},[47,5132,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,5134,103],{"class":102},[47,5136,2015],{"class":61},[47,5138,4140],{"class":882},[47,5140,106],{"class":61},[47,5142,2456],{"class":92},[47,5144,111],{"class":61},[47,5146,2028],{"class":2027},[47,5148,4151],{"class":92},[47,5150,2034],{"class":2027},[47,5152,62],{"class":61},[47,5154,232],{"class":65},[47,5156,69],{"class":61},[47,5158,4106],{"class":65},[47,5160,69],{"class":61},[47,5162,4111],{"class":632},[47,5164,69],{"class":61},[47,5166,708],{"class":632},[47,5168,4118],{"class":636},[47,5170,699],{"class":632},[47,5172,69],{"class":61},[47,5174,4125],{"class":284},[47,5176,5177],{"class":61},"]])\n",[47,5179,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,5181,103],{"class":102},[47,5183,106],{"class":61},[47,5185,3987],{"class":102},[47,5187,106],{"class":61},[47,5189,3302],{"class":92},[47,5191,4518],{"class":57},[47,5193,4106],{"class":65},[47,5195,2028],{"class":2027},[47,5197,4151],{"class":92},[47,5199,2034],{"class":2027},[47,5201,62],{"class":61},[47,5203,232],{"class":65},[47,5205,69],{"class":61},[47,5207,77],{"class":65},[47,5209,69],{"class":61},[47,5211,442],{"class":65},[47,5213,3278],{"class":61},[47,5215,5216,5218,5220,5222],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,5217,103],{"class":102},[47,5219,106],{"class":61},[47,5221,3987],{"class":102},[47,5223,4693],{"class":61},[33,5225,5227,5228],{"id":5226},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5229,3854],{},[20,5231,5232,5234],{},[15,5233,3854],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5236,5237],{},"Common use cases:",[138,5239,5240,5243,5246],{},[141,5241,5242],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[141,5244,5245],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[141,5247,5248],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5250,5251],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,5253,5255],{"className":40,"code":5254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5256,5257,5292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5258,5259,5262,5264,5266,5268,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5288,5290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5260,5261],{"class":53},"names ",[47,5263,58],{"class":57},[47,5265,62],{"class":61},[47,5267,699],{"class":632},[47,5269,5270],{"class":636},"Alice",[47,5272,699],{"class":632},[47,5274,69],{"class":61},[47,5276,708],{"class":632},[47,5278,1121],{"class":636},[47,5280,699],{"class":632},[47,5282,69],{"class":61},[47,5284,708],{"class":632},[47,5286,5287],{"class":636},"Charlie",[47,5289,699],{"class":632},[47,5291,80],{"class":61},[47,5293,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5305],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5295,103],{"class":102},[47,5297,106],{"class":61},[47,5299,3987],{"class":102},[47,5301,106],{"class":61},[47,5303,5304],{"class":92},"names",[47,5306,1978],{"class":61},[20,5308,219],{},[38,5310,5311],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5312,5313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5314,5315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5316,4249],{"class":284},[20,5318,5319],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,5321,5323],{"className":40,"code":5322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5324,5325,5349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5326,5327,5330,5332,5334,5337,5339,5342,5344,5347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5328,5329],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,5331,58],{"class":57},[47,5333,62],{"class":61},[47,5335,5336],{"class":65},"75",[47,5338,69],{"class":61},[47,5340,5341],{"class":65}," 80",[47,5343,69],{"class":61},[47,5345,5346],{"class":65}," 50",[47,5348,80],{"class":61},[47,5350,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5362,5365,5367,5369,5372,5374,5377],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5352,103],{"class":102},[47,5354,106],{"class":61},[47,5356,3987],{"class":102},[47,5358,106],{"class":61},[47,5360,5361],{"class":92},"score ",[47,5363,5364],{"class":57},">=",[47,5366,5346],{"class":65},[47,5368,2028],{"class":2027},[47,5370,5371],{"class":92}," score ",[47,5373,2034],{"class":2027},[47,5375,5376],{"class":92}," scores",[47,5378,1978],{"class":61},[20,5380,219],{},[38,5382,5383],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5384,5385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5386,5387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5388,4249],{"class":284},[20,5390,5391],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5393,5394,5395,1233,5399,89],{},"For related tasks, see ",[252,5396,5398],{"href":5397},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[252,5400,5402],{"href":5401},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5404,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,5406,5408,5409,5411],{"id":5407},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5410,3854],{}," return in Python?",[20,5413,5414,5415,5417,5418,5420],{},"It returns ",[15,5416,367],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5419,294],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1404,5422,5424,5425,5427,5428,2099],{"id":5423},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5426,3877],{}," return ",[15,5429,367],{},[20,5431,5432],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1404,5434,5436,5437,5439],{"id":5435},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5438,3854],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5441,5442],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1404,5444,2094,5446,1233,5448,2099],{"id":5445},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5447,3854],{},[15,5449,5450],{},"any()",[20,5452,5453,5455,5456,5458,5459,89],{},[15,5454,3854],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5457,5450],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[252,5460,1386,5462,3785],{"href":5461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5463,5450],{},[33,5465,2187],{"id":2186},[138,5467,5468,5474,5478,5483,5488,5493],{},[141,5469,5470],{},[252,5471,1386,5472,3785],{"href":5461},[15,5473,5450],{},[141,5475,5476],{},[252,5477,4079],{"href":4078},[141,5479,5480],{},[252,5481,5482],{"href":5401},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[141,5484,5485],{},[252,5486,5487],{"href":5397},"How to filter a list in Python",[141,5489,5490],{},[252,5491,5492],{"href":4657},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[141,5494,5495],{},[252,5496,5497],{"href":4661},"What is an iterable in Python",[2210,5499,5500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":5502},[5503,5504,5506,5507,5512,5514,5515,5524,5526,5536],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":3949,"depth":83,"text":5505},"What all() does",{"id":4000,"depth":83,"text":4001},{"id":4200,"depth":83,"text":4201,"children":5508},[5509,5510,5511],{"id":4204,"depth":99,"text":4205},{"id":4265,"depth":99,"text":4266},{"id":4329,"depth":99,"text":4330},{"id":4463,"depth":83,"text":5513},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4665,"depth":83,"text":4666},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":5516},[5517,5518,5520,5522],{"id":4787,"depth":99,"text":4788},{"id":4844,"depth":99,"text":5519},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4969,"depth":99,"text":5521},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5045,"depth":99,"text":5523},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5226,"depth":83,"text":5525},"When to use all()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":5527},[5528,5530,5532,5534],{"id":5407,"depth":99,"text":5529},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5423,"depth":99,"text":5531},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5435,"depth":99,"text":5533},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5445,"depth":99,"text":5535},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3846,"description":5537},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5544,"title":5545,"body":5546,"description":7232,"extension":2248,"meta":7233,"navigation":203,"path":5461,"seo":7234,"stem":7235,"__hash__":7236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5547,"toc":7210},[5548,5551,5559,5562,5579,5587,5631,5640,5644,5649,5652,5669,5672,5683,5695,5699,5702,5717,5722,5725,5737,5740,5824,5827,5848,5854,5856,5864,5878,5880,5914,5916,5919,5980,5982,5999,6002,6029,6031,6039,6050,6054,6057,6096,6098,6106,6108,6124,6132,6135,6178,6180,6188,6193,6197,6205,6208,6234,6237,6240,6312,6314,6322,6329,6353,6364,6367,6446,6448,6456,6463,6467,6472,6487,6489,6497,6500,6506,6509,6555,6557,6574,6578,6583,6594,6597,6711,6714,6773,6779,6781,6786,6790,6792,6811,6817,6820,6839,6843,6852,6879,6881,6889,6896,6900,6906,6929,6931,6939,6946,6950,6953,7004,7007,7058,7061,7063,7067,7074,7078,7085,7089,7097,7101,7104,7126,7128,7178,7180,7207],[10,5549,5545],{"id":5550},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5552,5553,5555,5556,89],{},[15,5554,5450],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[4015,5557,5558],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5560,5561],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[138,5563,5564,5567,5570,5573,5576],{},[141,5565,5566],{},"lists",[141,5568,5569],{},"tuples",[141,5571,5572],{},"sets",[141,5574,5575],{},"strings",[141,5577,5578],{},"generator expressions",[20,5580,5581,5582,3158,5584,5586],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5583,367],{},[15,5585,294],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,5588,5590],{"className":40,"code":5589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5591,5592,5612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5608,5610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5595,4095],{"class":53},[47,5597,58],{"class":57},[47,5599,62],{"class":61},[47,5601,2403],{"class":65},[47,5603,69],{"class":61},[47,5605,4111],{"class":632},[47,5607,69],{"class":61},[47,5609,241],{"class":65},[47,5611,80],{"class":61},[47,5613,5614,5616,5618,5621,5623,5626,5629],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5615,103],{"class":102},[47,5617,106],{"class":61},[47,5619,5620],{"class":102},"any",[47,5622,106],{"class":61},[47,5624,5625],{"class":92},"values",[47,5627,5628],{"class":61},"))",[47,5630,3937],{"class":114},[20,5632,118,5633,5636,5637,5639],{},[15,5634,5635],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5638,367],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[33,5641,5643],{"id":5642},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5645,5646,5648],{},[15,5647,5450],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5650,5651],{},"It returns:",[138,5653,5654,5659,5664],{},[141,5655,5656,5658],{},[15,5657,367],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[141,5660,5661,5663],{},[15,5662,294],{}," if all items are falsy",[141,5665,5666,5668],{},[15,5667,294],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5670,5671],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[138,5673,5674,5677,5680],{},[141,5675,5676],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[141,5678,5679],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[141,5681,5682],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5684,5685,5686,5689,5690,89],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[4015,5687,5688],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[252,5691,5693],{"href":5692},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5694,3854],{},[33,5696,5698],{"id":5697},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5700,5701],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,5703,5705],{"className":40,"code":5704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5706,5707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5708,5709,5711,5713,5715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5710,5620],{"class":102},[47,5712,106],{"class":61},[47,5714,3992],{"class":92},[47,5716,216],{"class":61},[20,5718,5719,5720,89],{},"The argument must be an ",[4015,5721,3992],{},[20,5723,5724],{},"Common inputs include:",[138,5726,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735],{},[141,5728,5566],{},[141,5730,5569],{},[141,5732,5572],{},[141,5734,5575],{},[141,5736,5578],{},[20,5738,5739],{},"For example:",[38,5741,5743],{"className":40,"code":5742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5744,5745,5767,5786,5806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5746,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5748,103],{"class":102},[47,5750,106],{"class":61},[47,5752,5620],{"class":102},[47,5754,2015],{"class":61},[47,5756,2403],{"class":65},[47,5758,69],{"class":61},[47,5760,4106],{"class":65},[47,5762,69],{"class":61},[47,5764,72],{"class":65},[47,5766,3278],{"class":61},[47,5768,5769,5771,5773,5775,5778,5780,5782,5784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5770,103],{"class":102},[47,5772,106],{"class":61},[47,5774,5620],{"class":102},[47,5776,5777],{"class":61},"((",[47,5779,294],{"class":284},[47,5781,69],{"class":61},[47,5783,4176],{"class":284},[47,5785,3192],{"class":61},[47,5787,5788,5790,5792,5794,5797,5799,5801,5803],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,5789,103],{"class":102},[47,5791,106],{"class":61},[47,5793,5620],{"class":102},[47,5795,5796],{"class":61},"({",[47,5798,2403],{"class":65},[47,5800,69],{"class":61},[47,5802,77],{"class":65},[47,5804,5805],{"class":61},"}))\n",[47,5807,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,5809,103],{"class":102},[47,5811,106],{"class":61},[47,5813,5620],{"class":102},[47,5815,106],{"class":61},[47,5817,633],{"class":632},[47,5819,4118],{"class":636},[47,5821,633],{"class":632},[47,5823,1978],{"class":61},[20,5825,5826],{},"Expected output:",[38,5828,5830],{"className":40,"code":5829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5831,5832,5836,5840,5844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5833,5834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5835,4249],{"class":284},[47,5837,5838],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5839,4310],{"class":284},[47,5841,5842],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,5843,4249],{"class":284},[47,5845,5846],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,5847,4249],{"class":284},[20,5849,5850,5851,89],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[252,5852,5402],{"href":5853},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[33,5855,4001],{"id":4000},[20,5857,4004,5858,3158,5861,4009],{},[4015,5859,5860],{},"truthy",[4015,5862,5863],{},"falsy",[138,5865,5866,5872],{},[141,5867,5868,4018,5870],{},[4015,5869,4017],{},[15,5871,367],{},[141,5873,5874,4018,5876],{},[4015,5875,4025],{},[15,5877,294],{},[20,5879,4030],{},[138,5881,5882,5886,5890,5894,5898,5902,5906,5910],{},[141,5883,5884],{},[15,5885,294],{},[141,5887,5888],{},[15,5889,2403],{},[141,5891,5892],{},[15,5893,4041],{},[141,5895,5896],{},[15,5897,4046],{},[141,5899,5900],{},[15,5901,4059],{},[141,5903,5904],{},[15,5905,4064],{},[141,5907,5908],{},[15,5909,4069],{},[141,5911,5912],{},[15,5913,124],{},[20,5915,4072],{},[20,5917,5918],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,5920,5922],{"className":40,"code":5921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5923,5924,5938,5956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5925,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5927,103],{"class":102},[47,5929,106],{"class":61},[47,5931,5620],{"class":102},[47,5933,2015],{"class":61},[47,5935,232],{"class":65},[47,5937,3278],{"class":61},[47,5939,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952,5954],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5941,103],{"class":102},[47,5943,106],{"class":61},[47,5945,5620],{"class":102},[47,5947,2015],{"class":61},[47,5949,699],{"class":632},[47,5951,4118],{"class":636},[47,5953,699],{"class":632},[47,5955,3278],{"class":61},[47,5957,5958,5960,5962,5964,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,5959,103],{"class":102},[47,5961,106],{"class":61},[47,5963,5620],{"class":102},[47,5965,5966],{"class":61},"([[",[47,5968,232],{"class":65},[47,5970,69],{"class":61},[47,5972,77],{"class":65},[47,5974,69],{"class":61},[47,5976,442],{"class":65},[47,5978,5979],{"class":61},"]]))\n",[20,5981,5826],{},[38,5983,5985],{"className":40,"code":5984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5986,5987,5991,5995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5988,5989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5990,4249],{"class":284},[47,5992,5993],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,5994,4249],{"class":284},[47,5996,5997],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,5998,4249],{"class":284},[20,6000,6001],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,6003,6005],{"className":40,"code":6004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6006,6007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6008,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6010,103],{"class":102},[47,6012,106],{"class":61},[47,6014,5620],{"class":102},[47,6016,2015],{"class":61},[47,6018,2403],{"class":65},[47,6020,69],{"class":61},[47,6022,4111],{"class":632},[47,6024,69],{"class":61},[47,6026,4125],{"class":284},[47,6028,3278],{"class":61},[20,6030,5826],{},[38,6032,6033],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6034,6035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6036,6037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6038,4310],{"class":284},[20,6040,6041,6042,1233,6045,89],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[252,6043,4079],{"href":6044},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[252,6046,6048,1389],{"href":6047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6049,4085],{},[33,6051,6053],{"id":6052},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6055,6056],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,6058,6060],{"className":40,"code":6059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6061,6062,6082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6063,6064,6066,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6065,4095],{"class":53},[47,6067,58],{"class":57},[47,6069,62],{"class":61},[47,6071,2403],{"class":65},[47,6073,69],{"class":61},[47,6075,4111],{"class":632},[47,6077,69],{"class":61},[47,6079,241],{"class":65},[47,6081,80],{"class":61},[47,6083,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6085,103],{"class":102},[47,6087,106],{"class":61},[47,6089,5620],{"class":102},[47,6091,106],{"class":61},[47,6093,5625],{"class":92},[47,6095,1978],{"class":61},[20,6097,219],{},[38,6099,6100],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6101,6102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6103,6104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6105,4249],{"class":284},[20,6107,4706],{},[138,6109,6110,6115,6119],{},[141,6111,6112,6114],{},[15,6113,2403],{}," is falsy",[141,6116,6117,6114],{},[15,6118,4046],{},[141,6120,6121,6123],{},[15,6122,173],{}," is truthy",[20,6125,6126,6127,2057,6130,89],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6128,6129],{},"any(values)",[15,6131,367],{},[20,6133,6134],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,6136,6138],{"className":40,"code":6137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6139,6140,6164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6141,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6143,4095],{"class":53},[47,6145,58],{"class":57},[47,6147,62],{"class":61},[47,6149,2403],{"class":65},[47,6151,69],{"class":61},[47,6153,4111],{"class":632},[47,6155,69],{"class":61},[47,6157,4125],{"class":284},[47,6159,69],{"class":61},[47,6161,4176],{"class":284},[47,6163,80],{"class":61},[47,6165,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6167,103],{"class":102},[47,6169,106],{"class":61},[47,6171,5620],{"class":102},[47,6173,106],{"class":61},[47,6175,5625],{"class":92},[47,6177,1978],{"class":61},[20,6179,219],{},[38,6181,6182],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6183,6184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6185,6186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6187,4310],{"class":284},[20,6189,6190,6191,89],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6192,294],{},[33,6194,6196],{"id":6195},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6198,6199,6201,6202,89],{},[15,6200,5450],{}," is often used with a ",[4015,6203,6204],{},"generator expression",[20,6206,6207],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,6209,6211],{"className":40,"code":6210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6212,6213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6214,6215,6217,6219,6222,6225,6227,6229,6232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6216,5620],{"class":102},[47,6218,106],{"class":61},[47,6220,6221],{"class":92},"condition ",[47,6223,6224],{"class":2027},"for",[47,6226,2031],{"class":92},[47,6228,2034],{"class":2027},[47,6230,6231],{"class":92}," items",[47,6233,216],{"class":61},[20,6235,6236],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6238,6239],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,6241,6243],{"className":40,"code":6242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6244,6245,6271,6275,6302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6246,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6248,54],{"class":53},[47,6250,58],{"class":57},[47,6252,62],{"class":61},[47,6254,334],{"class":65},[47,6256,69],{"class":61},[47,6258,343],{"class":65},[47,6260,69],{"class":61},[47,6262,2505],{"class":57},[47,6264,2340],{"class":65},[47,6266,69],{"class":61},[47,6268,503],{"class":65},[47,6270,80],{"class":61},[47,6272,6273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6274,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,6276,6277,6279,6281,6284,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,6278,1442],{"class":53},[47,6280,58],{"class":57},[47,6282,6283],{"class":102}," any",[47,6285,106],{"class":61},[47,6287,3302],{"class":92},[47,6289,3568],{"class":57},[47,6291,4106],{"class":65},[47,6293,2028],{"class":2027},[47,6295,4151],{"class":92},[47,6297,2034],{"class":2027},[47,6299,1447],{"class":92},[47,6301,216],{"class":61},[47,6303,6304,6306,6308,6310],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,6305,103],{"class":102},[47,6307,106],{"class":61},[47,6309,1466],{"class":92},[47,6311,216],{"class":61},[20,6313,219],{},[38,6315,6316],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6317,6318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6319,6320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6321,4249],{"class":284},[20,6323,6324,6325,6328],{},"This works because ",[15,6326,6327],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[138,6330,6331,6339,6346],{},[141,6332,6333,6336,6337],{},[15,6334,6335],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6338,294],{},[141,6340,6341,6336,6344],{},[15,6342,6343],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6345,294],{},[141,6347,6348,6336,6351],{},[15,6349,6350],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6352,367],{},[20,6354,6355,6356,6358,6359,6361,6362,89],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6357,367],{}," result, ",[15,6360,5450],{}," can return ",[15,6363,367],{},[20,6365,6366],{},"Here is another example:",[38,6368,6370],{"className":40,"code":6369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6371,6372,6401,6405,6435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6373,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384,6386,6388,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6375,625],{"class":53},[47,6377,58],{"class":57},[47,6379,62],{"class":61},[47,6381,633],{"class":632},[47,6383,647],{"class":636},[47,6385,633],{"class":632},[47,6387,69],{"class":61},[47,6389,6390],{"class":632}," \"\"",[47,6392,69],{"class":61},[47,6394,644],{"class":632},[47,6396,637],{"class":636},[47,6398,633],{"class":632},[47,6400,80],{"class":61},[47,6402,6403],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6404,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,6406,6407,6410,6412,6414,6416,6419,6421,6423,6425,6428,6430,6433],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,6408,6409],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6411,58],{"class":57},[47,6413,6283],{"class":102},[47,6415,106],{"class":61},[47,6417,6418],{"class":92},"word ",[47,6420,4954],{"class":57},[47,6422,6390],{"class":632},[47,6424,2028],{"class":2027},[47,6426,6427],{"class":92}," word ",[47,6429,2034],{"class":2027},[47,6431,6432],{"class":92}," words",[47,6434,216],{"class":61},[47,6436,6437,6439,6441,6444],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,6438,103],{"class":102},[47,6440,106],{"class":61},[47,6442,6443],{"class":92},"has_empty_string",[47,6445,216],{"class":61},[20,6447,219],{},[38,6449,6450],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6451,6452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6453,6454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6455,4249],{"class":284},[20,6457,6458,6459,89],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[252,6460,6462],{"href":6461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6464,6466],{"id":6465},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6468,6469,6470,136],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6471,294],{},[38,6473,6475],{"className":40,"code":6474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6476,6477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6478,6479,6481,6483,6485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6480,103],{"class":102},[47,6482,106],{"class":61},[47,6484,5620],{"class":102},[47,6486,4693],{"class":61},[20,6488,219],{},[38,6490,6491],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6492,6493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6494,6495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6496,4310],{"class":284},[20,6498,6499],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6501,6502,6503,6505],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6504,5450],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6507,6508],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,6510,6512],{"className":40,"code":6511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6513,6514,6524,6539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6515,6516,6518,6520,6522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6517,103],{"class":102},[47,6519,106],{"class":61},[47,6521,5620],{"class":102},[47,6523,4751],{"class":61},[47,6525,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6537],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6527,103],{"class":102},[47,6529,106],{"class":61},[47,6531,5620],{"class":102},[47,6533,106],{"class":61},[47,6535,6536],{"class":632},"\"\"",[47,6538,1978],{"class":61},[47,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6552],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,6542,103],{"class":102},[47,6544,106],{"class":61},[47,6546,5620],{"class":102},[47,6548,106],{"class":61},[47,6550,6551],{"class":882},"set",[47,6553,6554],{"class":61},"()))\n",[20,6556,219],{},[38,6558,6560],{"className":40,"code":6559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6561,6562,6566,6570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6563,6564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6565,4310],{"class":284},[47,6567,6568],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6569,4310],{"class":284},[47,6571,6572],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,6573,4310],{"class":284},[33,6575,6577],{"id":6576},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6579,118,6580,6582],{},[15,6581,5450],{}," when you want to:",[138,6584,6585,6588,6591],{},[141,6586,6587],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[141,6589,6590],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[141,6592,6593],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6595,6596],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,6598,6600],{"className":40,"code":6599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6601,6602,6626,6630,6640,6644,6658,6677,6688,6694,6699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6603,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6605,54],{"class":53},[47,6607,58],{"class":57},[47,6609,62],{"class":61},[47,6611,232],{"class":65},[47,6613,69],{"class":61},[47,6615,442],{"class":65},[47,6617,69],{"class":61},[47,6619,241],{"class":65},[47,6621,69],{"class":61},[47,6623,447],{"class":65},[47,6625,80],{"class":61},[47,6627,6628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6629,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,6631,6632,6635,6637],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,6633,6634],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,6636,58],{"class":57},[47,6638,6639],{"class":284}," False\n",[47,6641,6642],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,6643,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,6645,6646,6648,6651,6653,6655],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,6647,6224],{"class":2027},[47,6649,6650],{"class":53}," number ",[47,6652,2034],{"class":2027},[47,6654,1447],{"class":53},[47,6656,6657],{"class":61},":\n",[47,6659,6660,6663,6665,6668,6670,6673,6675],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,6661,6662],{"class":2027},"    if",[47,6664,6650],{"class":53},[47,6666,6667],{"class":57},"%",[47,6669,77],{"class":65},[47,6671,6672],{"class":57}," ==",[47,6674,4106],{"class":65},[47,6676,6657],{"class":61},[47,6678,6680,6683,6685],{"class":49,"line":6679},7,[47,6681,6682],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,6684,58],{"class":57},[47,6686,6687],{"class":284}," True\n",[47,6689,6691],{"class":49,"line":6690},8,[47,6692,6693],{"class":2027},"        break\n",[47,6695,6697],{"class":49,"line":6696},9,[47,6698,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,6700,6702,6704,6706,6709],{"class":49,"line":6701},10,[47,6703,103],{"class":102},[47,6705,106],{"class":61},[47,6707,6708],{"class":92},"found_even",[47,6710,216],{"class":61},[20,6712,6713],{},"You can write:",[38,6715,6717],{"className":40,"code":6716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6718,6719,6743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6722,54],{"class":53},[47,6724,58],{"class":57},[47,6726,62],{"class":61},[47,6728,232],{"class":65},[47,6730,69],{"class":61},[47,6732,442],{"class":65},[47,6734,69],{"class":61},[47,6736,241],{"class":65},[47,6738,69],{"class":61},[47,6740,447],{"class":65},[47,6742,80],{"class":61},[47,6744,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769,6771],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6746,103],{"class":102},[47,6748,106],{"class":61},[47,6750,5620],{"class":102},[47,6752,106],{"class":61},[47,6754,2500],{"class":92},[47,6756,6667],{"class":57},[47,6758,77],{"class":65},[47,6760,6672],{"class":57},[47,6762,4106],{"class":65},[47,6764,2028],{"class":2027},[47,6766,6650],{"class":92},[47,6768,2034],{"class":2027},[47,6770,1447],{"class":92},[47,6772,1978],{"class":61},[20,6774,6775,6776,6778],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6777,5450],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[33,6780,4784],{"id":4783},[20,6782,6783,6784,89],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6785,5450],{},[1404,6787,6789],{"id":6788},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6791,4791],{},[38,6793,6795],{"className":40,"code":6794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6796,6797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6798,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6800,103],{"class":102},[47,6802,106],{"class":61},[47,6804,5620],{"class":102},[47,6806,106],{"class":61},[47,6808,173],{"class":65},[47,6810,1978],{"class":61},[20,6812,6813,6814,6816],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6815,173],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6818,6819],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,6821,6823],{"className":40,"code":6822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6824,6825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6826,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6828,103],{"class":102},[47,6830,106],{"class":61},[47,6832,5620],{"class":102},[47,6834,2015],{"class":61},[47,6836,173],{"class":65},[47,6838,3278],{"class":61},[1404,6840,6842],{"id":6841},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6844,6845,6847,6848,6851],{},[15,6846,5450],{}," needs only ",[4015,6849,6850],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,6853,6855],{"className":40,"code":6854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6856,6857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6860,103],{"class":102},[47,6862,106],{"class":61},[47,6864,5620],{"class":102},[47,6866,2015],{"class":61},[47,6868,294],{"class":284},[47,6870,69],{"class":61},[47,6872,4176],{"class":284},[47,6874,69],{"class":61},[47,6876,4185],{"class":284},[47,6878,3278],{"class":61},[20,6880,219],{},[38,6882,6883],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6884,6885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6886,6887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6888,4249],{"class":284},[20,6890,6891,6892,1519],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[252,6893,6894],{"href":5692},[15,6895,3854],{},[1404,6897,6899],{"id":6898},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6901,6902,6903,89],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6904,6905],{},"\"True\"",[38,6907,6909],{"className":40,"code":6908,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6910,6911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6912,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6914,103],{"class":102},[47,6916,106],{"class":61},[47,6918,5620],{"class":102},[47,6920,2015],{"class":61},[47,6922,633],{"class":632},[47,6924,294],{"class":636},[47,6926,633],{"class":632},[47,6928,3278],{"class":61},[20,6930,219],{},[38,6932,6933],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6934,6935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6936,6937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6938,4249],{"class":284},[20,6940,6941,6942,6945],{},"That is because ",[15,6943,6944],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1404,6947,6949],{"id":6948},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6951,6952],{},"This works:",[38,6954,6956],{"className":40,"code":6955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6957,6958,6978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6959,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972,6974,6976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6961,54],{"class":53},[47,6963,58],{"class":57},[47,6965,62],{"class":61},[47,6967,232],{"class":65},[47,6969,69],{"class":61},[47,6971,77],{"class":65},[47,6973,69],{"class":61},[47,6975,442],{"class":65},[47,6977,80],{"class":61},[47,6979,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,6981,103],{"class":102},[47,6983,106],{"class":61},[47,6985,5620],{"class":102},[47,6987,2015],{"class":61},[47,6989,3302],{"class":92},[47,6991,4518],{"class":57},[47,6993,77],{"class":65},[47,6995,2028],{"class":2027},[47,6997,4151],{"class":92},[47,6999,2034],{"class":2027},[47,7001,1447],{"class":92},[47,7003,3278],{"class":61},[20,7005,7006],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,7008,7010],{"className":40,"code":7009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7011,7012,7032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7013,7014,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7015,54],{"class":53},[47,7017,58],{"class":57},[47,7019,62],{"class":61},[47,7021,232],{"class":65},[47,7023,69],{"class":61},[47,7025,77],{"class":65},[47,7027,69],{"class":61},[47,7029,442],{"class":65},[47,7031,80],{"class":61},[47,7033,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7035,103],{"class":102},[47,7037,106],{"class":61},[47,7039,5620],{"class":102},[47,7041,106],{"class":61},[47,7043,3302],{"class":92},[47,7045,4518],{"class":57},[47,7047,77],{"class":65},[47,7049,2028],{"class":2027},[47,7051,4151],{"class":92},[47,7053,2034],{"class":2027},[47,7055,1447],{"class":92},[47,7057,1978],{"class":61},[20,7059,7060],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[33,7062,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,7064,7066],{"id":7065},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7068,5414,7069,7071,7072,89],{},[15,7070,367],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7073,294],{},[1404,7075,7077],{"id":7076},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7079,7080,2057,7082,7084],{},[15,7081,5450],{},[15,7083,294],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1404,7086,7088],{"id":7087},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7090,7091,7093,7094,7096],{},[15,7092,5450],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7095,3854],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1404,7098,7100],{"id":7099},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7102,7103],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,7105,7106],{"className":40,"code":6210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7107,7108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7109,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7111,5620],{"class":102},[47,7113,106],{"class":61},[47,7115,6221],{"class":92},[47,7117,6224],{"class":2027},[47,7119,2031],{"class":92},[47,7121,2034],{"class":2027},[47,7123,6231],{"class":92},[47,7125,216],{"class":61},[20,7127,5739],{},[38,7129,7130],{"className":40,"code":7009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7131,7132,7152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7133,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7135,54],{"class":53},[47,7137,58],{"class":57},[47,7139,62],{"class":61},[47,7141,232],{"class":65},[47,7143,69],{"class":61},[47,7145,77],{"class":65},[47,7147,69],{"class":61},[47,7149,442],{"class":65},[47,7151,80],{"class":61},[47,7153,7154,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7155,103],{"class":102},[47,7157,106],{"class":61},[47,7159,5620],{"class":102},[47,7161,106],{"class":61},[47,7163,3302],{"class":92},[47,7165,4518],{"class":57},[47,7167,77],{"class":65},[47,7169,2028],{"class":2027},[47,7171,4151],{"class":92},[47,7173,2034],{"class":2027},[47,7175,1447],{"class":92},[47,7177,1978],{"class":61},[33,7179,2187],{"id":2186},[138,7181,7182,7188,7192,7196,7201],{},[141,7183,7184],{},[252,7185,7186,3785],{"href":5692},[15,7187,3854],{},[141,7189,7190],{},[252,7191,4079],{"href":6044},[141,7193,7194],{},[252,7195,5482],{"href":5853},[141,7197,7198],{},[252,7199,7200],{"href":6461},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[141,7202,7203],{},[252,7204,7205,3785],{"href":6047},[15,7206,4085],{},[2210,7208,7209],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":7211},[7212,7213,7214,7215,7216,7217,7218,7219,7225,7231],{"id":5642,"depth":83,"text":5643},{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698},{"id":4000,"depth":83,"text":4001},{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":6195,"depth":83,"text":6196},{"id":6465,"depth":83,"text":6466},{"id":6576,"depth":83,"text":6577},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":7220},[7221,7222,7223,7224],{"id":6788,"depth":99,"text":6789},{"id":6841,"depth":99,"text":6842},{"id":6898,"depth":99,"text":6899},{"id":6948,"depth":99,"text":6949},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":7226},[7227,7228,7229,7230],{"id":7065,"depth":99,"text":7066},{"id":7076,"depth":99,"text":7077},{"id":7087,"depth":99,"text":7088},{"id":7099,"depth":99,"text":7100},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5545,"description":7232},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7238,"title":7239,"body":7240,"description":9368,"extension":2248,"meta":9369,"navigation":203,"path":9370,"seo":9371,"stem":9372,"__hash__":9373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7241,"toc":9331},[7242,7245,7254,7264,7266,7363,7365,7394,7410,7414,7419,7422,7432,7438,7444,7459,7461,7469,7476,7480,7483,7498,7503,7521,7526,7528,7576,7578,7595,7599,7605,7607,7642,7644,7750,7752,7789,7793,7801,7803,7823,7825,7946,7948,7977,7980,8003,8005,8013,8021,8025,8031,8035,8076,8078,8086,8089,8117,8119,8127,8131,8160,8162,8170,8202,8204,8212,8216,8267,8269,8277,8285,8289,8292,8345,8347,8368,8375,8379,8385,8388,8396,8418,8420,8428,8436,8459,8461,8469,8474,8479,8491,8493,8534,8545,8549,8558,8561,8564,8622,8625,8676,8679,8685,8701,8707,8709,8714,8723,8726,8748,8750,8758,8763,8766,8801,8803,8811,8815,8820,8858,8870,8873,8926,8934,8938,8941,8963,8972,8975,9016,9018,9041,9047,9053,9068,9070,9090,9093,9112,9114,9133,9137,9143,9222,9225,9239,9246,9248,9252,9259,9263,9267,9271,9276,9280,9285,9289,9296,9298,9328],[10,7243,7239],{"id":7244},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7246,956,7247,7249,7250,3158,7252,89],{},[15,7248,4085],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7251,367],{},[15,7253,294],{},[20,7255,7256,7257,7259,7260,7263],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7258,4085],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7261,7262],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[33,7265,3884],{"id":3883},[38,7267,7269],{"className":40,"code":7268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7270,7271,7285,7299,7313,7331,7341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7272,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7274,103],{"class":102},[47,7276,106],{"class":61},[47,7278,4140],{"class":882},[47,7280,106],{"class":61},[47,7282,2403],{"class":65},[47,7284,1978],{"class":61},[47,7286,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295,7297],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7288,103],{"class":102},[47,7290,106],{"class":61},[47,7292,4140],{"class":882},[47,7294,106],{"class":61},[47,7296,232],{"class":65},[47,7298,1978],{"class":61},[47,7300,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309,7311],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7302,103],{"class":102},[47,7304,106],{"class":61},[47,7306,4140],{"class":882},[47,7308,106],{"class":61},[47,7310,6536],{"class":632},[47,7312,1978],{"class":61},[47,7314,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323,7325,7327,7329],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7316,103],{"class":102},[47,7318,106],{"class":61},[47,7320,4140],{"class":882},[47,7322,106],{"class":61},[47,7324,633],{"class":632},[47,7326,4118],{"class":636},[47,7328,633],{"class":632},[47,7330,1978],{"class":61},[47,7332,7333,7335,7337,7339],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7334,103],{"class":102},[47,7336,106],{"class":61},[47,7338,4140],{"class":882},[47,7340,4693],{"class":61},[47,7342,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351,7353,7355,7357,7359,7361],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7344,103],{"class":102},[47,7346,106],{"class":61},[47,7348,4140],{"class":882},[47,7350,2015],{"class":61},[47,7352,232],{"class":65},[47,7354,69],{"class":61},[47,7356,77],{"class":65},[47,7358,69],{"class":61},[47,7360,442],{"class":65},[47,7362,3278],{"class":61},[20,7364,5826],{},[38,7366,7368],{"className":40,"code":7367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7369,7370,7374,7378,7382,7386,7390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7371,7372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7373,4310],{"class":284},[47,7375,7376],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7377,4249],{"class":284},[47,7379,7380],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7381,4310],{"class":284},[47,7383,7384],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7385,4249],{"class":284},[47,7387,7388],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7389,4310],{"class":284},[47,7391,7392],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7393,4249],{"class":284},[20,7395,118,7396,7399,7400,3158,7402,7404,7405,7407,7408,89],{},[15,7397,7398],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7401,367],{},[15,7403,294],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7406,294],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7409,367],{},[33,7411,7413],{"id":7412},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7415,7416,7418],{},[15,7417,4085],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7420,7421],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[138,7423,7424,7428],{},[141,7425,7426],{},[15,7427,367],{},[141,7429,7430],{},[15,7431,294],{},[20,7433,7434,7435,7437],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7436,7262],{}," statements.",[20,7439,7440,7441,7443],{},"You can also call ",[15,7442,4085],{}," with no argument:",[38,7445,7447],{"className":40,"code":7446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,7448,7449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7450,7451,7453,7455,7457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7452,103],{"class":102},[47,7454,106],{"class":61},[47,7456,4140],{"class":882},[47,7458,1993],{"class":61},[20,7460,219],{},[38,7462,7463],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7464,7465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7466,7467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7468,4310],{"class":284},[20,7470,7471,7472,89],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[252,7473,7475],{"href":7474},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[33,7477,7479],{"id":7478},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7481,7482],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,7484,7486],{"className":40,"code":7485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,7487,7488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7489,7490,7492,7494,7496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7491,4140],{"class":882},[47,7493,106],{"class":61},[47,7495,2753],{"class":92},[47,7497,216],{"class":61},[20,7499,956,7500,7502],{},[15,7501,2753],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[138,7504,7505,7507,7509,7511,7513,7516,7518],{},[141,7506,86],{},[141,7508,5575],{},[141,7510,5566],{},[141,7512,5569],{},[141,7514,7515],{},"dictionaries",[141,7517,5572],{},[141,7519,7520],{},"other objects",[20,7522,7523,7524,89],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7525,294],{},[20,7527,318],{},[38,7529,7531],{"className":40,"code":7530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7532,7533,7547,7566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7534,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7536,103],{"class":102},[47,7538,106],{"class":61},[47,7540,4140],{"class":882},[47,7542,106],{"class":61},[47,7544,437],{"class":65},[47,7546,1978],{"class":61},[47,7548,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7562,7564],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7550,103],{"class":102},[47,7552,106],{"class":61},[47,7554,4140],{"class":882},[47,7556,106],{"class":61},[47,7558,633],{"class":632},[47,7560,7561],{"class":636},"Python",[47,7563,633],{"class":632},[47,7565,1978],{"class":61},[47,7567,7568,7570,7572,7574],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7569,103],{"class":102},[47,7571,106],{"class":61},[47,7573,4140],{"class":882},[47,7575,1993],{"class":61},[20,7577,219],{},[38,7579,7581],{"className":40,"code":7580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7582,7583,7587,7591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7584,7585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7586,4249],{"class":284},[47,7588,7589],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7590,4249],{"class":284},[47,7592,7593],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7594,4310],{"class":284},[33,7596,7598],{"id":7597},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7600,7601,7602,7604],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[4015,7603,5863],{}," values.",[20,7606,962],{},[138,7608,7609,7613,7617,7621,7625,7630,7634,7638],{},[141,7610,7611],{},[15,7612,2403],{},[141,7614,7615],{},[15,7616,4041],{},[141,7618,7619],{},[15,7620,6536],{},[141,7622,7623],{},[15,7624,4059],{},[141,7626,7627],{},[15,7628,7629],{},"()",[141,7631,7632],{},[15,7633,4064],{},[141,7635,7636],{},[15,7637,4069],{},[141,7639,7640],{},[15,7641,124],{},[20,7643,318],{},[38,7645,7647],{"className":40,"code":7646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7648,7649,7663,7677,7691,7701,7711,7722,7736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7650,7651,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7652,103],{"class":102},[47,7654,106],{"class":61},[47,7656,4140],{"class":882},[47,7658,106],{"class":61},[47,7660,2403],{"class":65},[47,7662,1978],{"class":61},[47,7664,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7666,103],{"class":102},[47,7668,106],{"class":61},[47,7670,4140],{"class":882},[47,7672,106],{"class":61},[47,7674,4041],{"class":65},[47,7676,1978],{"class":61},[47,7678,7679,7681,7683,7685,7687,7689],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7680,103],{"class":102},[47,7682,106],{"class":61},[47,7684,4140],{"class":882},[47,7686,106],{"class":61},[47,7688,6536],{"class":632},[47,7690,1978],{"class":61},[47,7692,7693,7695,7697,7699],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7694,103],{"class":102},[47,7696,106],{"class":61},[47,7698,4140],{"class":882},[47,7700,4693],{"class":61},[47,7702,7703,7705,7707,7709],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7704,103],{"class":102},[47,7706,106],{"class":61},[47,7708,4140],{"class":882},[47,7710,4751],{"class":61},[47,7712,7713,7715,7717,7719],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7714,103],{"class":102},[47,7716,106],{"class":61},[47,7718,4140],{"class":882},[47,7720,7721],{"class":61},"({}))\n",[47,7723,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,7725,103],{"class":102},[47,7727,106],{"class":61},[47,7729,4140],{"class":882},[47,7731,106],{"class":61},[47,7733,6551],{"class":882},[47,7735,6554],{"class":61},[47,7737,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,7739,103],{"class":102},[47,7741,106],{"class":61},[47,7743,4140],{"class":882},[47,7745,106],{"class":61},[47,7747,124],{"class":284},[47,7749,1978],{"class":61},[20,7751,219],{},[38,7753,7755],{"className":40,"code":7754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7756,7757,7761,7765,7769,7773,7777,7781,7785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7758,7759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7760,4310],{"class":284},[47,7762,7763],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7764,4310],{"class":284},[47,7766,7767],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7768,4310],{"class":284},[47,7770,7771],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7772,4310],{"class":284},[47,7774,7775],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7776,4310],{"class":284},[47,7778,7779],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7780,4310],{"class":284},[47,7782,7783],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,7784,4310],{"class":284},[47,7786,7787],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,7788,4310],{"class":284},[33,7790,7792],{"id":7791},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7794,7795,7796,7798,7799,7604],{},"Many values become ",[15,7797,367],{},". These are often called ",[4015,7800,5860],{},[20,7802,962],{},[138,7804,7805,7808,7811,7814,7817,7820],{},[141,7806,7807],{},"non-zero numbers",[141,7809,7810],{},"non-empty strings",[141,7812,7813],{},"non-empty lists",[141,7815,7816],{},"non-empty tuples",[141,7818,7819],{},"non-empty sets",[141,7821,7822],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7824,318],{},[38,7826,7828],{"className":40,"code":7827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7829,7830,7844,7860,7878,7900,7918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7831,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7833,103],{"class":102},[47,7835,106],{"class":61},[47,7837,4140],{"class":882},[47,7839,106],{"class":61},[47,7841,173],{"class":65},[47,7843,1978],{"class":61},[47,7845,7846,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7847,103],{"class":102},[47,7849,106],{"class":61},[47,7851,4140],{"class":882},[47,7853,106],{"class":61},[47,7855,2306],{"class":57},[47,7857,2340],{"class":65},[47,7859,1978],{"class":61},[47,7861,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7863,103],{"class":102},[47,7865,106],{"class":61},[47,7867,4140],{"class":882},[47,7869,106],{"class":61},[47,7871,633],{"class":632},[47,7873,4118],{"class":636},[47,7875,633],{"class":632},[47,7877,1978],{"class":61},[47,7879,7880,7882,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7881,103],{"class":102},[47,7883,106],{"class":61},[47,7885,4140],{"class":882},[47,7887,2015],{"class":61},[47,7889,232],{"class":65},[47,7891,69],{"class":61},[47,7893,77],{"class":65},[47,7895,69],{"class":61},[47,7897,442],{"class":65},[47,7899,3278],{"class":61},[47,7901,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7903,103],{"class":102},[47,7905,106],{"class":61},[47,7907,4140],{"class":882},[47,7909,5777],{"class":61},[47,7911,232],{"class":65},[47,7913,69],{"class":61},[47,7915,77],{"class":65},[47,7917,3192],{"class":61},[47,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7933,7935,7937,7939,7942,7944],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7921,103],{"class":102},[47,7923,106],{"class":61},[47,7925,4140],{"class":882},[47,7927,5796],{"class":61},[47,7929,633],{"class":632},[47,7931,7932],{"class":636},"name",[47,7934,633],{"class":632},[47,7936,136],{"class":61},[47,7938,644],{"class":632},[47,7940,7941],{"class":636},"Sam",[47,7943,633],{"class":632},[47,7945,5805],{"class":61},[20,7947,219],{},[38,7949,7951],{"className":40,"code":7950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7952,7953,7957,7961,7965,7969,7973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7954,7955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7956,4249],{"class":284},[47,7958,7959],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,7960,4249],{"class":284},[47,7962,7963],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,7964,4249],{"class":284},[47,7966,7967],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,7968,4249],{"class":284},[47,7970,7971],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,7972,4249],{"class":284},[47,7974,7975],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,7976,4249],{"class":284},[20,7978,7979],{},"One important example is this:",[38,7981,7983],{"className":40,"code":7982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7984,7985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7986,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,7999,8001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7988,103],{"class":102},[47,7990,106],{"class":61},[47,7992,4140],{"class":882},[47,7994,106],{"class":61},[47,7996,633],{"class":632},[47,7998,294],{"class":636},[47,8000,633],{"class":632},[47,8002,1978],{"class":61},[20,8004,219],{},[38,8006,8007],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8008,8009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8010,8011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8012,4249],{"class":284},[20,8014,8015,8016,8018,8019,89],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8017,6944],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8020,367],{},[33,8022,8024],{"id":8023},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8026,8027,8028,8030],{},"You can use ",[15,8029,4085],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1404,8032,8034],{"id":8033},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,8036,8038],{"className":40,"code":8037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8039,8040,8062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8041,8042,8044,8046,8048,8050,8052,8055,8057,8060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8043,1536],{"class":53},[47,8045,58],{"class":57},[47,8047,62],{"class":61},[47,8049,437],{"class":65},[47,8051,69],{"class":61},[47,8053,8054],{"class":65}," 20",[47,8056,69],{"class":61},[47,8058,8059],{"class":65}," 30",[47,8061,80],{"class":61},[47,8063,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8065,103],{"class":102},[47,8067,106],{"class":61},[47,8069,4140],{"class":882},[47,8071,106],{"class":61},[47,8073,1562],{"class":92},[47,8075,1978],{"class":61},[20,8077,219],{},[38,8079,8080],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8081,8082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8083,8084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8085,4249],{"class":284},[20,8087,8088],{},"With an empty list:",[38,8090,8092],{"className":40,"code":8091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8093,8094,8103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8095,8096,8098,8100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8097,1536],{"class":53},[47,8099,58],{"class":57},[47,8101,8102],{"class":61}," []\n",[47,8104,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8106,103],{"class":102},[47,8108,106],{"class":61},[47,8110,4140],{"class":882},[47,8112,106],{"class":61},[47,8114,1562],{"class":92},[47,8116,1978],{"class":61},[20,8118,219],{},[38,8120,8121],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8122,8123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8124,8125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8126,4310],{"class":284},[1404,8128,8130],{"id":8129},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,8132,8134],{"className":40,"code":8133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8135,8136,8146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8137,8138,8141,8143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8139,8140],{"class":53},"name ",[47,8142,58],{"class":57},[47,8144,8145],{"class":632}," \"\"\n",[47,8147,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8149,103],{"class":102},[47,8151,106],{"class":61},[47,8153,4140],{"class":882},[47,8155,106],{"class":61},[47,8157,7932],{"class":92},[47,8159,1978],{"class":61},[20,8161,219],{},[38,8163,8164],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8165,8166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8167,8168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8169,4310],{"class":284},[38,8171,8173],{"className":40,"code":8172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8174,8175,8188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183,8186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8178,8140],{"class":53},[47,8180,58],{"class":57},[47,8182,644],{"class":632},[47,8184,8185],{"class":636},"Mia",[47,8187,1609],{"class":632},[47,8189,8190,8192,8194,8196,8198,8200],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8191,103],{"class":102},[47,8193,106],{"class":61},[47,8195,4140],{"class":882},[47,8197,106],{"class":61},[47,8199,7932],{"class":92},[47,8201,1978],{"class":61},[20,8203,219],{},[38,8205,8206],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8207,8208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8209,8210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8211,4249],{"class":284},[1404,8213,8215],{"id":8214},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,8217,8219],{"className":40,"code":8218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8220,8221,8235,8252,8256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8222,8223,8226,8228,8230,8233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8224,8225],{"class":53},"username ",[47,8227,58],{"class":57},[47,8229,644],{"class":632},[47,8231,8232],{"class":636},"alex",[47,8234,1609],{"class":632},[47,8236,8237,8240,8242,8245,8247,8250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8238,8239],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,8241,58],{"class":57},[47,8243,8244],{"class":882}," bool",[47,8246,106],{"class":61},[47,8248,8249],{"class":92},"username",[47,8251,216],{"class":61},[47,8253,8254],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,8255,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,8257,8258,8260,8262,8265],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,8259,103],{"class":102},[47,8261,106],{"class":61},[47,8263,8264],{"class":92},"has_name",[47,8266,216],{"class":61},[20,8268,219],{},[38,8270,8271],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8272,8273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8274,8275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8276,4249],{"class":284},[20,8278,8279,8280,3158,8282,8284],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8281,367],{},[15,8283,294],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1404,8286,8288],{"id":8287},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8290,8291],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,8293,8295],{"className":40,"code":8294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8296,8297,8317,8321,8329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8298,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8300,54],{"class":53},[47,8302,58],{"class":57},[47,8304,62],{"class":61},[47,8306,232],{"class":65},[47,8308,69],{"class":61},[47,8310,77],{"class":65},[47,8312,69],{"class":61},[47,8314,442],{"class":65},[47,8316,80],{"class":61},[47,8318,8319],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8320,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,8322,8323,8325,8327],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,8324,7262],{"class":2027},[47,8326,1447],{"class":53},[47,8328,6657],{"class":61},[47,8330,8331,8334,8336,8338,8341,8343],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,8332,8333],{"class":102},"    print",[47,8335,106],{"class":61},[47,8337,633],{"class":632},[47,8339,8340],{"class":636},"The list is not empty",[47,8342,633],{"class":632},[47,8344,216],{"class":61},[20,8346,219],{},[38,8348,8350],{"className":40,"code":8349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8351,8352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8353,8354,8356,8359,8362,8365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8355,956],{"class":53},[47,8357,8358],{"class":882},"list",[47,8360,8361],{"class":57}," is",[47,8363,8364],{"class":57}," not",[47,8366,8367],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,8369,8370,8371,89],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[252,8372,8374],{"href":8373},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[33,8376,8378],{"id":8377},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8380,8381,8382,8384],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8383,4085],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8386,8387],{},"It does not do that.",[1404,8389,8391,2057,8394],{"id":8390},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8392,8393],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8395,367],{},[38,8397,8398],{"className":40,"code":7982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8399,8400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8401,8402,8404,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8403,103],{"class":102},[47,8405,106],{"class":61},[47,8407,4140],{"class":882},[47,8409,106],{"class":61},[47,8411,633],{"class":632},[47,8413,294],{"class":636},[47,8415,633],{"class":632},[47,8417,1978],{"class":61},[20,8419,219],{},[38,8421,8422],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8423,8424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8425,8426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8427,4249],{"class":284},[1404,8429,8431,2057,8434],{"id":8430},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8432,8433],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8435,367],{},[38,8437,8439],{"className":40,"code":8438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8440,8441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8442,8443,8445,8447,8449,8451,8453,8455,8457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8444,103],{"class":102},[47,8446,106],{"class":61},[47,8448,4140],{"class":882},[47,8450,106],{"class":61},[47,8452,633],{"class":632},[47,8454,2403],{"class":636},[47,8456,633],{"class":632},[47,8458,1978],{"class":61},[20,8460,219],{},[38,8462,8463],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8464,8465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8466,8467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8468,4249],{"class":284},[20,8470,8471,8472,89],{},"This happens because both values are ",[4015,8473,7810],{},[20,8475,8476,8478],{},[15,8477,4085],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8480,8481,8482,8487,8488,8490],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[252,8483,8485],{"href":8484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8486,3238],{},", because ",[15,8489,3238],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8492,318],{},[38,8494,8496],{"className":40,"code":8495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8497,8498,8519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8499,8500,8503,8505,8508,8510,8512,8515,8517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8501,8502],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8504,58],{"class":57},[47,8506,8507],{"class":102}," input",[47,8509,106],{"class":61},[47,8511,633],{"class":632},[47,8513,8514],{"class":636},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8516,633],{"class":632},[47,8518,216],{"class":61},[47,8520,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8532],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8522,103],{"class":102},[47,8524,106],{"class":61},[47,8526,4140],{"class":882},[47,8528,106],{"class":61},[47,8530,8531],{"class":92},"user_value",[47,8533,1978],{"class":61},[20,8535,8536,8537,8539,8540,8487,8542,8544],{},"If the user types ",[15,8538,294],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8541,367],{},[15,8543,6944],{}," is not empty.",[33,8546,8548],{"id":8547},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8550,8551,8552,8554,8555,8557],{},"In many ",[15,8553,7262],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8556,4085],{}," yourself.",[20,8559,8560],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8562,8563],{},"Instead of this:",[38,8565,8567],{"className":40,"code":8566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8568,8569,8590,8594,8607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8570,8571,8574,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584,8586,8588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8572,8573],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8575,58],{"class":57},[47,8577,62],{"class":61},[47,8579,232],{"class":65},[47,8581,69],{"class":61},[47,8583,77],{"class":65},[47,8585,69],{"class":61},[47,8587,442],{"class":65},[47,8589,80],{"class":61},[47,8591,8592],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8593,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,8597,7262],{"class":2027},[47,8599,8244],{"class":882},[47,8601,106],{"class":61},[47,8603,269],{"class":92},[47,8605,8606],{"class":61},"):\n",[47,8608,8609,8611,8613,8615,8618,8620],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,8610,8333],{"class":102},[47,8612,106],{"class":61},[47,8614,633],{"class":632},[47,8616,8617],{"class":636},"List has items",[47,8619,633],{"class":632},[47,8621,216],{"class":61},[20,8623,8624],{},"You can simply write:",[38,8626,8628],{"className":40,"code":8627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8629,8630,8650,8654,8662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8631,8632,8634,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8633,8573],{"class":53},[47,8635,58],{"class":57},[47,8637,62],{"class":61},[47,8639,232],{"class":65},[47,8641,69],{"class":61},[47,8643,77],{"class":65},[47,8645,69],{"class":61},[47,8647,442],{"class":65},[47,8649,80],{"class":61},[47,8651,8652],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8653,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,8655,8656,8658,8660],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,8657,7262],{"class":2027},[47,8659,2037],{"class":53},[47,8661,6657],{"class":61},[47,8663,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,8665,8333],{"class":102},[47,8667,106],{"class":61},[47,8669,633],{"class":632},[47,8671,8617],{"class":636},[47,8673,633],{"class":632},[47,8675,216],{"class":61},[20,8677,8678],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8680,8681,8682,8684],{},"Using ",[15,8683,4085],{}," is still helpful when:",[138,8686,8687,8690,8698],{},[141,8688,8689],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[141,8691,8692,8693,3158,8695,8697],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8694,367],{},[15,8696,294],{}," value",[141,8699,8700],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8702,8703,8704,89],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[252,8705,8706],{"href":2581},"Python type() function explained",[33,8708,1397],{"id":1396},[20,8710,8711,8712,89],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8713,4085],{},[1404,8715,8717,8718,8720,8721],{"id":8716},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8719,8393],{}," to return ",[15,8722,294],{},[20,8724,8725],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,8727,8728],{"className":40,"code":7982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8729,8730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8731,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8733,103],{"class":102},[47,8735,106],{"class":61},[47,8737,4140],{"class":882},[47,8739,106],{"class":61},[47,8741,633],{"class":632},[47,8743,294],{"class":636},[47,8745,633],{"class":632},[47,8747,1978],{"class":61},[20,8749,219],{},[38,8751,8752],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8753,8754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8755,8756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8757,4249],{"class":284},[20,8759,8760,8761,6945],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8762,6944],{},[20,8764,8765],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,8767,8769],{"className":40,"code":8768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8770,8771,8783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8772,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8774,2728],{"class":53},[47,8776,58],{"class":57},[47,8778,644],{"class":632},[47,8780,294],{"class":636},[47,8782,1609],{"class":632},[47,8784,8785,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8786,103],{"class":102},[47,8788,106],{"class":61},[47,8790,2728],{"class":92},[47,8792,4954],{"class":57},[47,8794,644],{"class":632},[47,8796,367],{"class":636},[47,8798,633],{"class":632},[47,8800,216],{"class":61},[20,8802,219],{},[38,8804,8805],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8806,8807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8808,8809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8810,4310],{"class":284},[1404,8812,8814],{"id":8813},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8816,8817,8819],{},[15,8818,3238],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,8821,8823],{"className":40,"code":8822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8824,8825,8844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8826,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8840,8842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8828,2728],{"class":53},[47,8830,58],{"class":57},[47,8832,8507],{"class":102},[47,8834,106],{"class":61},[47,8836,633],{"class":632},[47,8838,8839],{"class":636},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,8841,633],{"class":632},[47,8843,216],{"class":61},[47,8845,8846,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8847,103],{"class":102},[47,8849,106],{"class":61},[47,8851,4140],{"class":882},[47,8853,106],{"class":61},[47,8855,2753],{"class":92},[47,8857,1978],{"class":61},[20,8859,8536,8860,8863,8864,8866,8867,8544],{},[15,8861,8862],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8865,367],{}," because ",[15,8868,8869],{},"\"no\"",[20,8871,8872],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,8874,8876],{"className":40,"code":8875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8877,8878,8907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8879,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890,8892,8894,8897,8900,8903,8905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8881,2728],{"class":53},[47,8883,58],{"class":57},[47,8885,8507],{"class":102},[47,8887,106],{"class":61},[47,8889,633],{"class":632},[47,8891,8839],{"class":636},[47,8893,633],{"class":632},[47,8895,8896],{"class":61},").",[47,8898,8899],{"class":92},"strip",[47,8901,8902],{"class":61},"().",[47,8904,889],{"class":92},[47,8906,96],{"class":61},[47,8908,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917,8919,8922,8924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8910,103],{"class":102},[47,8912,106],{"class":61},[47,8914,2728],{"class":92},[47,8916,4954],{"class":57},[47,8918,644],{"class":632},[47,8920,8921],{"class":636},"yes",[47,8923,633],{"class":632},[47,8925,216],{"class":61},[20,8927,8928,8929,8931,8932,89],{},"This gives ",[15,8930,367],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8933,8921],{},[1404,8935,8937],{"id":8936},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8939,8940],{},"These are different:",[138,8942,8943,8947,8951,8955,8959],{},[141,8944,8945],{},[15,8946,294],{},[141,8948,8949],{},[15,8950,2403],{},[141,8952,8953],{},[15,8954,6536],{},[141,8956,8957],{},[15,8958,4059],{},[141,8960,8961],{},[15,8962,124],{},[20,8964,8965,8966,8968,8969,8971],{},"They all become ",[15,8967,294],{}," with ",[15,8970,4085],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8973,8974],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,8976,8978],{"className":40,"code":8977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8979,8980,8988,9002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8981,8982,8984,8986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8983,2728],{"class":53},[47,8985,58],{"class":57},[47,8987,8102],{"class":61},[47,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,8991,103],{"class":102},[47,8993,106],{"class":61},[47,8995,1971],{"class":882},[47,8997,106],{"class":61},[47,8999,2753],{"class":92},[47,9001,1978],{"class":61},[47,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,9005,103],{"class":102},[47,9007,106],{"class":61},[47,9009,4140],{"class":882},[47,9011,106],{"class":61},[47,9013,2753],{"class":92},[47,9015,1978],{"class":61},[20,9017,219],{},[38,9019,9021],{"className":40,"code":9020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9022,9023,9037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9024,9025,9027,9029,9031,9033,9035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9026,3568],{"class":57},[47,9028,3571],{"class":2348},[47,9030,708],{"class":632},[47,9032,8358],{"class":636},[47,9034,699],{"class":632},[47,9036,3580],{"class":57},[47,9038,9039],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9040,4310],{"class":284},[1404,9042,8681,9044,9046],{"id":9043},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9045,4064],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9048,9049,9050,9052],{},"In Python, ",[15,9051,4064],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,9054,9056],{"className":40,"code":9055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9057,9058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9059,9060,9062,9064,9066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9061,103],{"class":102},[47,9063,106],{"class":61},[47,9065,1971],{"class":882},[47,9067,7721],{"class":61},[20,9069,219],{},[38,9071,9073],{"className":40,"code":9072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9074,9075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9076,9077,9079,9081,9083,9086,9088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9078,3568],{"class":57},[47,9080,3571],{"class":2348},[47,9082,708],{"class":632},[47,9084,9085],{"class":636},"dict",[47,9087,699],{"class":632},[47,9089,3580],{"class":57},[20,9091,9092],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,9094,9096],{"className":40,"code":9095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9097,9098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9099,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9101,103],{"class":102},[47,9103,106],{"class":61},[47,9105,1971],{"class":882},[47,9107,106],{"class":61},[47,9109,6551],{"class":882},[47,9111,6554],{"class":61},[20,9113,219],{},[38,9115,9117],{"className":40,"code":9116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9118,9119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9120,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9122,3568],{"class":57},[47,9124,3571],{"class":2348},[47,9126,708],{"class":632},[47,9128,6551],{"class":636},[47,9130,699],{"class":632},[47,9132,3580],{"class":57},[33,9134,9136],{"id":9135},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9138,9139,9140,9142],{},"If ",[15,9141,4085],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,9144,9146],{"className":40,"code":9145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9147,9148,9162,9176,9186,9204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9149,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9151,103],{"class":102},[47,9153,106],{"class":61},[47,9155,4140],{"class":882},[47,9157,106],{"class":61},[47,9159,2753],{"class":92},[47,9161,1978],{"class":61},[47,9163,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9165,103],{"class":102},[47,9167,106],{"class":61},[47,9169,1971],{"class":882},[47,9171,106],{"class":61},[47,9173,2753],{"class":92},[47,9175,1978],{"class":61},[47,9177,9178,9180,9182,9184],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,9179,103],{"class":102},[47,9181,106],{"class":61},[47,9183,2753],{"class":92},[47,9185,216],{"class":61},[47,9187,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200,9202],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,9189,103],{"class":102},[47,9191,106],{"class":61},[47,9193,2728],{"class":92},[47,9195,4954],{"class":57},[47,9197,644],{"class":632},[47,9199,367],{"class":636},[47,9201,633],{"class":632},[47,9203,216],{"class":61},[47,9205,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,9207,103],{"class":102},[47,9209,106],{"class":61},[47,9211,2753],{"class":92},[47,9213,89],{"class":61},[47,9215,8899],{"class":92},[47,9217,8902],{"class":61},[47,9219,889],{"class":92},[47,9221,1993],{"class":61},[20,9223,9224],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[138,9226,9227,9230,9233,9236],{},[141,9228,9229],{},"what the value really is",[141,9231,9232],{},"whether it is a string",[141,9234,9235],{},"whether it contains spaces",[141,9237,9238],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9240,9241,9242,89],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[252,9243,9245],{"href":9244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9247,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,9249,9251],{"id":9250},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9253,9254,9255,3158,9257,89],{},"It returns either ",[15,9256,367],{},[15,9258,294],{},[1404,9260,9262],{"id":9261},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9264,5414,9265,89],{},[15,9266,294],{},[1404,9268,9270],{"id":9269},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9272,9273,9274,89],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9275,367],{},[1404,9277,9279],{"id":9278},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9281,9282,9283,89],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9284,294],{},[1404,9286,9288],{"id":9287},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9290,9291,9292,3158,9294,4009],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9293,367],{},[15,9295,294],{},[33,9297,2187],{"id":2186},[138,9299,9300,9305,9309,9314,9318,9323],{},[141,9301,9302],{},[252,9303,9304],{"href":6044},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[141,9306,9307],{},[252,9308,8374],{"href":8373},[141,9310,9311],{},[252,9312,9313],{"href":8484},"Python input() function explained",[141,9315,9316],{},[252,9317,8706],{"href":2581},[141,9319,9320],{},[252,9321,9322],{"href":9244},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[141,9324,9325],{},[252,9326,9327],{"href":7474},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2210,9329,9330],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":9332},[9333,9334,9335,9336,9337,9338,9344,9350,9351,9359,9360,9367],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":7412,"depth":83,"text":7413},{"id":7478,"depth":83,"text":7479},{"id":7597,"depth":83,"text":7598},{"id":7791,"depth":83,"text":7792},{"id":8023,"depth":83,"text":8024,"children":9339},[9340,9341,9342,9343],{"id":8033,"depth":99,"text":8034},{"id":8129,"depth":99,"text":8130},{"id":8214,"depth":99,"text":8215},{"id":8287,"depth":99,"text":8288},{"id":8377,"depth":83,"text":8378,"children":9345},[9346,9348],{"id":8390,"depth":99,"text":9347},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8430,"depth":99,"text":9349},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8547,"depth":83,"text":8548},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":9352},[9353,9355,9356,9357],{"id":8716,"depth":99,"text":9354},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8813,"depth":99,"text":8814},{"id":8936,"depth":99,"text":8937},{"id":9043,"depth":99,"text":9358},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9135,"depth":83,"text":9136},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":9361},[9362,9363,9364,9365,9366],{"id":9250,"depth":99,"text":9251},{"id":9261,"depth":99,"text":9262},{"id":9269,"depth":99,"text":9270},{"id":9278,"depth":99,"text":9279},{"id":9287,"depth":99,"text":9288},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7239,"description":9368},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9375,"title":9376,"body":9377,"description":11569,"extension":2248,"meta":11570,"navigation":203,"path":11571,"seo":11572,"stem":11573,"__hash__":11574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9378,"toc":11531},[9379,9385,9391,9398,9403,9414,9421,9529,9533,9602,9607,9612,9617,9620,9631,9636,9639,9650,9657,9659,9664,9668,9693,9697,9706,9710,9773,9777,9810,9814,9859,9863,9900,9904,9907,9963,9967,10013,10016,10021,10060,10064,10087,10090,10104,10117,10121,10126,10193,10197,10233,10236,10244,10247,10311,10315,10347,10353,10355,10415,10422,10425,10503,10507,10540,10544,10547,10591,10595,10631,10634,10651,10654,10657,10710,10713,10724,10731,10740,10743,10801,10805,10846,10853,10861,10867,10875,10887,10892,10903,10976,10979,10991,11007,11011,11016,11020,11022,11065,11071,11074,11137,11141,11144,11153,11158,11195,11199,11202,11210,11213,11252,11256,11259,11310,11314,11335,11342,11344,11350,11377,11380,11434,11436,11447,11449,11456,11464,11470,11475,11482,11485,11492,11499,11501,11528],[10,9380,1386,9382,3855],{"id":9381},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9383,9384],{},"dict()",[20,9386,9387,9388,9390],{},"The built-in ",[15,9389,9384],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9392,9393,9394,9397],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[4015,9395,9396],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9399,9400,9402],{},[15,9401,9384],{}," is commonly used to:",[138,9404,9405,9408,9411],{},[141,9406,9407],{},"create an empty dictionary",[141,9409,9410],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[141,9412,9413],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9415,9416,9417,89],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[252,9418,9420],{"href":9419},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[38,9422,9424],{"className":40,"code":9423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9425,9426,9460,9471,9475,9514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9427,9428,9431,9433,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9453,9455,9458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9429,9430],{"class":53},"data ",[47,9432,58],{"class":57},[47,9434,9435],{"class":882}," dict",[47,9437,106],{"class":61},[47,9439,7932],{"class":278},[47,9441,58],{"class":57},[47,9443,699],{"class":632},[47,9445,5270],{"class":636},[47,9447,699],{"class":632},[47,9449,69],{"class":61},[47,9451,9452],{"class":278}," age",[47,9454,58],{"class":57},[47,9456,9457],{"class":65},"25",[47,9459,216],{"class":61},[47,9461,9462,9464,9466,9469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9463,103],{"class":102},[47,9465,106],{"class":61},[47,9467,9468],{"class":92},"data",[47,9470,216],{"class":61},[47,9472,9473],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,9474,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,9476,9477,9480,9482,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9498,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,9478,9479],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9481,58],{"class":57},[47,9483,9484],{"class":61}," [(",[47,9486,699],{"class":632},[47,9488,252],{"class":636},[47,9490,699],{"class":632},[47,9492,69],{"class":61},[47,9494,72],{"class":65},[47,9496,9497],{"class":61},"),",[47,9499,9500],{"class":61}," (",[47,9502,699],{"class":632},[47,9504,5026],{"class":636},[47,9506,699],{"class":632},[47,9508,69],{"class":61},[47,9510,77],{"class":65},[47,9512,9513],{"class":61},")]\n",[47,9515,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9527],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,9517,103],{"class":102},[47,9519,106],{"class":61},[47,9521,9085],{"class":882},[47,9523,106],{"class":61},[47,9525,9526],{"class":92},"pairs",[47,9528,1978],{"class":61},[20,9530,9531],{},[4015,9532,219],{},[38,9534,9536],{"className":40,"code":9535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9537,9538,9574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9539,9540,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9564,9566,9568,9571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9541,9542],{"class":61},"{",[47,9544,699],{"class":632},[47,9546,7932],{"class":636},[47,9548,699],{"class":632},[47,9550,136],{"class":61},[47,9552,708],{"class":632},[47,9554,5270],{"class":636},[47,9556,699],{"class":632},[47,9558,69],{"class":61},[47,9560,708],{"class":632},[47,9562,9563],{"class":636},"age",[47,9565,699],{"class":632},[47,9567,136],{"class":61},[47,9569,9570],{"class":65}," 25",[47,9572,9573],{"class":61},"}\n",[47,9575,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9577,9542],{"class":61},[47,9579,699],{"class":632},[47,9581,252],{"class":636},[47,9583,699],{"class":632},[47,9585,136],{"class":61},[47,9587,72],{"class":65},[47,9589,69],{"class":61},[47,9591,708],{"class":632},[47,9593,5026],{"class":636},[47,9595,699],{"class":632},[47,9597,136],{"class":61},[47,9599,77],{"class":65},[47,9601,9573],{"class":61},[20,9603,118,9604,9606],{},[15,9605,9384],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[33,9608,128,9610,131],{"id":9609},"what-dict-does",[15,9611,9384],{},[20,9613,9614,9616],{},[15,9615,9384],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9618,9619],{},"A dictionary:",[138,9621,9622,9625,9628],{},[141,9623,9624],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[141,9626,9627],{},"lets you look up values by key",[141,9629,9630],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9632,9633,9635],{},[15,9634,9384],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9637,9638],{},"Common uses include:",[138,9640,9641,9644,9647],{},[141,9642,9643],{},"making an empty dictionary",[141,9645,9646],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[141,9648,9649],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9651,9652,9653,89],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[252,9654,9656],{"href":9655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[33,9658,259],{"id":258},[20,9660,9661,9663],{},[15,9662,9384],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1404,9665,9667],{"id":9666},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,9669,9671],{"className":40,"code":9670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9672,9673,9683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9674,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9676,9430],{"class":53},[47,9678,58],{"class":57},[47,9680,9435],{"class":882},[47,9682,96],{"class":61},[47,9684,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9686,103],{"class":102},[47,9688,106],{"class":61},[47,9690,9468],{"class":92},[47,9692,216],{"class":61},[20,9694,9695],{},[4015,9696,219],{},[38,9698,9700],{"className":40,"code":9699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,9701,9702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9703,9704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9705,9699],{"class":61},[1404,9707,9709],{"id":9708},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,9711,9713],{"className":40,"code":9712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9714,9715,9749,9763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9716,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9718,9479],{"class":53},[47,9720,58],{"class":57},[47,9722,9484],{"class":61},[47,9724,699],{"class":632},[47,9726,252],{"class":636},[47,9728,699],{"class":632},[47,9730,69],{"class":61},[47,9732,72],{"class":65},[47,9734,9497],{"class":61},[47,9736,9500],{"class":61},[47,9738,699],{"class":632},[47,9740,5026],{"class":636},[47,9742,699],{"class":632},[47,9744,69],{"class":61},[47,9746,77],{"class":65},[47,9748,9513],{"class":61},[47,9750,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9752,9430],{"class":53},[47,9754,58],{"class":57},[47,9756,9435],{"class":882},[47,9758,106],{"class":61},[47,9760,9526],{"class":92},[47,9762,216],{"class":61},[47,9764,9765,9767,9769,9771],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,9766,103],{"class":102},[47,9768,106],{"class":61},[47,9770,9468],{"class":92},[47,9772,216],{"class":61},[20,9774,9775],{},[4015,9776,219],{},[38,9778,9780],{"className":40,"code":9779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9781,9782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9783,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9785,9542],{"class":61},[47,9787,699],{"class":632},[47,9789,252],{"class":636},[47,9791,699],{"class":632},[47,9793,136],{"class":61},[47,9795,72],{"class":65},[47,9797,69],{"class":61},[47,9799,708],{"class":632},[47,9801,5026],{"class":636},[47,9803,699],{"class":632},[47,9805,136],{"class":61},[47,9807,77],{"class":65},[47,9809,9573],{"class":61},[1404,9811,9813],{"id":9812},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,9815,9817],{"className":40,"code":9816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9818,9819,9849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9820,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9822,9430],{"class":53},[47,9824,58],{"class":57},[47,9826,9435],{"class":882},[47,9828,106],{"class":61},[47,9830,7932],{"class":278},[47,9832,58],{"class":57},[47,9834,699],{"class":632},[47,9836,5270],{"class":636},[47,9838,699],{"class":632},[47,9840,69],{"class":61},[47,9842,9452],{"class":278},[47,9844,58],{"class":57},[47,9846,9457],{"class":65},[47,9848,216],{"class":61},[47,9850,9851,9853,9855,9857],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9852,103],{"class":102},[47,9854,106],{"class":61},[47,9856,9468],{"class":92},[47,9858,216],{"class":61},[20,9860,9861],{},[4015,9862,219],{},[38,9864,9866],{"className":40,"code":9865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9867,9868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9869,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9871,9542],{"class":61},[47,9873,699],{"class":632},[47,9875,7932],{"class":636},[47,9877,699],{"class":632},[47,9879,136],{"class":61},[47,9881,708],{"class":632},[47,9883,5270],{"class":636},[47,9885,699],{"class":632},[47,9887,69],{"class":61},[47,9889,708],{"class":632},[47,9891,9563],{"class":636},[47,9893,699],{"class":632},[47,9895,136],{"class":61},[47,9897,9570],{"class":65},[47,9899,9573],{"class":61},[1404,9901,9903],{"id":9902},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9905,9906],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,9908,9910],{"className":40,"code":9909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9911,9912,9953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9913,9914,9916,9918,9920,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9947,9949,9951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9915,9430],{"class":53},[47,9917,58],{"class":57},[47,9919,9435],{"class":882},[47,9921,9922],{"class":61},"([(",[47,9924,699],{"class":632},[47,9926,252],{"class":636},[47,9928,699],{"class":632},[47,9930,69],{"class":61},[47,9932,72],{"class":65},[47,9934,9935],{"class":61},")],",[47,9937,2839],{"class":278},[47,9939,58],{"class":57},[47,9941,2340],{"class":65},[47,9943,69],{"class":61},[47,9945,9946],{"class":278}," c",[47,9948,58],{"class":57},[47,9950,66],{"class":65},[47,9952,216],{"class":61},[47,9954,9955,9957,9959,9961],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,9956,103],{"class":102},[47,9958,106],{"class":61},[47,9960,9468],{"class":92},[47,9962,216],{"class":61},[20,9964,9965],{},[4015,9966,219],{},[38,9968,9970],{"className":40,"code":9969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9971,9972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10005,10007,10009,10011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9975,9542],{"class":61},[47,9977,699],{"class":632},[47,9979,252],{"class":636},[47,9981,699],{"class":632},[47,9983,136],{"class":61},[47,9985,72],{"class":65},[47,9987,69],{"class":61},[47,9989,708],{"class":632},[47,9991,5026],{"class":636},[47,9993,699],{"class":632},[47,9995,136],{"class":61},[47,9997,77],{"class":65},[47,9999,69],{"class":61},[47,10001,708],{"class":632},[47,10003,10004],{"class":636},"c",[47,10006,699],{"class":632},[47,10008,136],{"class":61},[47,10010,442],{"class":65},[47,10012,9573],{"class":61},[33,10014,9667],{"id":10015},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10017,118,10018,10020],{},[15,10019,9384],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,10022,10024],{"className":40,"code":10023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10025,10026,10036,10050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10027,10028,10030,10032,10034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10029,9430],{"class":53},[47,10031,58],{"class":57},[47,10033,9435],{"class":882},[47,10035,96],{"class":61},[47,10037,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10039,103],{"class":102},[47,10041,106],{"class":61},[47,10043,1971],{"class":882},[47,10045,106],{"class":61},[47,10047,9468],{"class":92},[47,10049,1978],{"class":61},[47,10051,10052,10054,10056,10058],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,10053,103],{"class":102},[47,10055,106],{"class":61},[47,10057,9468],{"class":92},[47,10059,216],{"class":61},[20,10061,10062],{},[4015,10063,219],{},[38,10065,10067],{"className":40,"code":10066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10068,10069,10083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10070,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10072,3568],{"class":57},[47,10074,3571],{"class":2348},[47,10076,708],{"class":632},[47,10078,9085],{"class":636},[47,10080,699],{"class":632},[47,10082,3580],{"class":57},[47,10084,10085],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10086,9699],{"class":61},[20,10088,10089],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,10091,10093],{"className":40,"code":10092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,10094,10095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10096,10097,10099,10101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10098,9430],{"class":53},[47,10100,58],{"class":57},[47,10102,10103],{"class":61}," {}\n",[20,10105,10106,10107,10109,10110,10113,10114,10116],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10108,4064],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10111,10112],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10115,9384],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[33,10118,10120],{"id":10119},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10122,10123,10124,89],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10125,9384],{},[38,10127,10129],{"className":40,"code":10128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10130,10131,10169,10183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10132,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10134,9479],{"class":53},[47,10136,58],{"class":57},[47,10138,9484],{"class":61},[47,10140,699],{"class":632},[47,10142,7932],{"class":636},[47,10144,699],{"class":632},[47,10146,69],{"class":61},[47,10148,708],{"class":632},[47,10150,5270],{"class":636},[47,10152,699],{"class":632},[47,10154,9497],{"class":61},[47,10156,9500],{"class":61},[47,10158,699],{"class":632},[47,10160,9563],{"class":636},[47,10162,699],{"class":632},[47,10164,69],{"class":61},[47,10166,9570],{"class":65},[47,10168,9513],{"class":61},[47,10170,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10172,9430],{"class":53},[47,10174,58],{"class":57},[47,10176,9435],{"class":882},[47,10178,106],{"class":61},[47,10180,9526],{"class":92},[47,10182,216],{"class":61},[47,10184,10185,10187,10189,10191],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,10186,103],{"class":102},[47,10188,106],{"class":61},[47,10190,9468],{"class":92},[47,10192,216],{"class":61},[20,10194,10195],{},[4015,10196,219],{},[38,10198,10199],{"className":40,"code":9865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10200,10201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10202,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10204,9542],{"class":61},[47,10206,699],{"class":632},[47,10208,7932],{"class":636},[47,10210,699],{"class":632},[47,10212,136],{"class":61},[47,10214,708],{"class":632},[47,10216,5270],{"class":636},[47,10218,699],{"class":632},[47,10220,69],{"class":61},[47,10222,708],{"class":632},[47,10224,9563],{"class":636},[47,10226,699],{"class":632},[47,10228,136],{"class":61},[47,10230,9570],{"class":65},[47,10232,9573],{"class":61},[20,10234,10235],{},"Each pair becomes:",[138,10237,10238,10241],{},[141,10239,10240],{},"the first item as the key",[141,10242,10243],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10245,10246],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,10248,10250],{"className":40,"code":10249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10251,10252,10287,10301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10253,10254,10256,10258,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10255,9479],{"class":53},[47,10257,58],{"class":57},[47,10259,10260],{"class":61}," ((",[47,10262,699],{"class":632},[47,10264,252],{"class":636},[47,10266,699],{"class":632},[47,10268,69],{"class":61},[47,10270,72],{"class":65},[47,10272,9497],{"class":61},[47,10274,9500],{"class":61},[47,10276,699],{"class":632},[47,10278,5026],{"class":636},[47,10280,699],{"class":632},[47,10282,69],{"class":61},[47,10284,77],{"class":65},[47,10286,1978],{"class":61},[47,10288,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10290,9430],{"class":53},[47,10292,58],{"class":57},[47,10294,9435],{"class":882},[47,10296,106],{"class":61},[47,10298,9526],{"class":92},[47,10300,216],{"class":61},[47,10302,10303,10305,10307,10309],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,10304,103],{"class":102},[47,10306,106],{"class":61},[47,10308,9468],{"class":92},[47,10310,216],{"class":61},[20,10312,10313],{},[4015,10314,219],{},[38,10316,10317],{"className":40,"code":9779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10318,10319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10320,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10322,9542],{"class":61},[47,10324,699],{"class":632},[47,10326,252],{"class":636},[47,10328,699],{"class":632},[47,10330,136],{"class":61},[47,10332,72],{"class":65},[47,10334,69],{"class":61},[47,10336,708],{"class":632},[47,10338,5026],{"class":636},[47,10340,699],{"class":632},[47,10342,136],{"class":61},[47,10344,77],{"class":65},[47,10346,9573],{"class":61},[20,10348,10349,10350,89],{},"Each item must contain ",[4015,10351,10352],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10354,3116],{},[38,10356,10358],{"className":40,"code":10357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10359,10360,10400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10361,10362,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10363,10364],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,10366,58],{"class":57},[47,10368,9484],{"class":61},[47,10370,699],{"class":632},[47,10372,252],{"class":636},[47,10374,699],{"class":632},[47,10376,69],{"class":61},[47,10378,72],{"class":65},[47,10380,69],{"class":61},[47,10382,10383],{"class":65}," 100",[47,10385,9497],{"class":61},[47,10387,9500],{"class":61},[47,10389,699],{"class":632},[47,10391,5026],{"class":636},[47,10393,699],{"class":632},[47,10395,69],{"class":61},[47,10397,77],{"class":65},[47,10399,9513],{"class":61},[47,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10403,1442],{"class":53},[47,10405,58],{"class":57},[47,10407,9435],{"class":882},[47,10409,106],{"class":61},[47,10411,10412],{"class":92},"bad_data",[47,10414,216],{"class":61},[20,10416,10417,10418,10421],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10419,10420],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10423,10424],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,10426,10428],{"className":40,"code":10427,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10429,10430,10479,10493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10431,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10433,9479],{"class":53},[47,10435,58],{"class":57},[47,10437,9484],{"class":61},[47,10439,699],{"class":632},[47,10441,252],{"class":636},[47,10443,699],{"class":632},[47,10445,69],{"class":61},[47,10447,72],{"class":65},[47,10449,9497],{"class":61},[47,10451,9500],{"class":61},[47,10453,699],{"class":632},[47,10455,252],{"class":636},[47,10457,699],{"class":632},[47,10459,69],{"class":61},[47,10461,10462],{"class":65}," 99",[47,10464,9497],{"class":61},[47,10466,9500],{"class":61},[47,10468,699],{"class":632},[47,10470,5026],{"class":636},[47,10472,699],{"class":632},[47,10474,69],{"class":61},[47,10476,77],{"class":65},[47,10478,9513],{"class":61},[47,10480,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10482,9430],{"class":53},[47,10484,58],{"class":57},[47,10486,9435],{"class":882},[47,10488,106],{"class":61},[47,10490,9526],{"class":92},[47,10492,216],{"class":61},[47,10494,10495,10497,10499,10501],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,10496,103],{"class":102},[47,10498,106],{"class":61},[47,10500,9468],{"class":92},[47,10502,216],{"class":61},[20,10504,10505],{},[4015,10506,219],{},[38,10508,10510],{"className":40,"code":10509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10511,10512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10515,9542],{"class":61},[47,10517,699],{"class":632},[47,10519,252],{"class":636},[47,10521,699],{"class":632},[47,10523,136],{"class":61},[47,10525,10462],{"class":65},[47,10527,69],{"class":61},[47,10529,708],{"class":632},[47,10531,5026],{"class":636},[47,10533,699],{"class":632},[47,10535,136],{"class":61},[47,10537,77],{"class":65},[47,10539,9573],{"class":61},[33,10541,10543],{"id":10542},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10545,10546],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,10548,10549],{"className":40,"code":9816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10550,10551,10581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10552,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10554,9430],{"class":53},[47,10556,58],{"class":57},[47,10558,9435],{"class":882},[47,10560,106],{"class":61},[47,10562,7932],{"class":278},[47,10564,58],{"class":57},[47,10566,699],{"class":632},[47,10568,5270],{"class":636},[47,10570,699],{"class":632},[47,10572,69],{"class":61},[47,10574,9452],{"class":278},[47,10576,58],{"class":57},[47,10578,9457],{"class":65},[47,10580,216],{"class":61},[47,10582,10583,10585,10587,10589],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10584,103],{"class":102},[47,10586,106],{"class":61},[47,10588,9468],{"class":92},[47,10590,216],{"class":61},[20,10592,10593],{},[4015,10594,219],{},[38,10596,10597],{"className":40,"code":9865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10598,10599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10600,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10602,9542],{"class":61},[47,10604,699],{"class":632},[47,10606,7932],{"class":636},[47,10608,699],{"class":632},[47,10610,136],{"class":61},[47,10612,708],{"class":632},[47,10614,5270],{"class":636},[47,10616,699],{"class":632},[47,10618,69],{"class":61},[47,10620,708],{"class":632},[47,10622,9563],{"class":636},[47,10624,699],{"class":632},[47,10626,136],{"class":61},[47,10628,9570],{"class":65},[47,10630,9573],{"class":61},[20,10632,10633],{},"In this form:",[138,10635,10636,10644],{},[141,10637,10638,10640,10641],{},[15,10639,7932],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10642,10643],{},"'name'",[141,10645,10646,10640,10648],{},[15,10647,9563],{},[15,10649,10650],{},"'age'",[20,10652,10653],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10655,10656],{},"Valid examples:",[38,10658,10660],{"className":40,"code":10659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10661,10662,10700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10663,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10675,10677,10679,10682,10684,10686,10689,10691,10693,10696,10698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10665,9430],{"class":53},[47,10667,58],{"class":57},[47,10669,9435],{"class":882},[47,10671,106],{"class":61},[47,10673,10674],{"class":278},"city",[47,10676,58],{"class":57},[47,10678,699],{"class":632},[47,10680,10681],{"class":636},"Paris",[47,10683,699],{"class":632},[47,10685,69],{"class":61},[47,10687,10688],{"class":278}," country",[47,10690,58],{"class":57},[47,10692,699],{"class":632},[47,10694,10695],{"class":636},"France",[47,10697,699],{"class":632},[47,10699,216],{"class":61},[47,10701,10702,10704,10706,10708],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10703,103],{"class":102},[47,10705,106],{"class":61},[47,10707,9468],{"class":92},[47,10709,216],{"class":61},[20,10711,10712],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[138,10714,10715,10718,10721],{},[141,10716,10717],{},"spaces",[141,10719,10720],{},"hyphens",[141,10722,10723],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10725,10726,10727,10730],{},"For example, this is ",[4015,10728,10729],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,10732,10734],{"className":40,"code":10733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10735,10736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10737,10738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10739,10733],{"class":114},[20,10741,10742],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10744,10746],{"className":40,"code":10745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10747,10748,10791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10749,10750,10752,10754,10757,10759,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10751,9430],{"class":53},[47,10753,58],{"class":57},[47,10755,10756],{"class":61}," {",[47,10758,699],{"class":632},[47,10760,10761],{"class":636},"first-name",[47,10763,699],{"class":632},[47,10765,136],{"class":61},[47,10767,708],{"class":632},[47,10769,7941],{"class":636},[47,10771,699],{"class":632},[47,10773,69],{"class":61},[47,10775,708],{"class":632},[47,10777,10778],{"class":636},"first name",[47,10780,699],{"class":632},[47,10782,136],{"class":61},[47,10784,708],{"class":632},[47,10786,7941],{"class":636},[47,10788,699],{"class":632},[47,10790,9573],{"class":61},[47,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10794,103],{"class":102},[47,10796,106],{"class":61},[47,10798,9468],{"class":92},[47,10800,216],{"class":61},[20,10802,10803],{},[4015,10804,219],{},[38,10806,10808],{"className":40,"code":10807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10809,10810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10811,10812,10814,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10813,9542],{"class":61},[47,10815,699],{"class":632},[47,10817,10761],{"class":636},[47,10819,699],{"class":632},[47,10821,136],{"class":61},[47,10823,708],{"class":632},[47,10825,7941],{"class":636},[47,10827,699],{"class":632},[47,10829,69],{"class":61},[47,10831,708],{"class":632},[47,10833,10778],{"class":636},[47,10835,699],{"class":632},[47,10837,136],{"class":61},[47,10839,708],{"class":632},[47,10841,7941],{"class":636},[47,10843,699],{"class":632},[47,10845,9573],{"class":61},[33,10847,10849,1225,10851],{"id":10848},"dict-vs",[15,10850,9384],{},[15,10852,4064],{},[20,10854,10855,10856,1233,10858,10860],{},"Both ",[15,10857,9384],{},[15,10859,4064],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1404,10862,118,10864,10866],{"id":10863},"use-when",[15,10865,4064],{}," when:",[138,10868,10869,10872],{},[141,10870,10871],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[141,10873,10874],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,10876,10877],{"className":40,"code":10092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10878,10879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10880,10881,10883,10885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10882,9430],{"class":53},[47,10884,58],{"class":57},[47,10886,10103],{"class":61},[1404,10888,118,10890,10866],{"id":10889},"use-dict-when",[15,10891,9384],{},[138,10893,10894,10897,10900],{},[141,10895,10896],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[141,10898,10899],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[141,10901,10902],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,10904,10906],{"className":40,"code":10905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10907,10908,10945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10909,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10911,9430],{"class":53},[47,10913,58],{"class":57},[47,10915,9435],{"class":882},[47,10917,9922],{"class":61},[47,10919,699],{"class":632},[47,10921,252],{"class":636},[47,10923,699],{"class":632},[47,10925,69],{"class":61},[47,10927,72],{"class":65},[47,10929,9497],{"class":61},[47,10931,9500],{"class":61},[47,10933,699],{"class":632},[47,10935,5026],{"class":636},[47,10937,699],{"class":632},[47,10939,69],{"class":61},[47,10941,77],{"class":65},[47,10943,10944],{"class":61},")])\n",[47,10946,10947,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,10948,10949],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10951,58],{"class":57},[47,10953,9435],{"class":882},[47,10955,106],{"class":61},[47,10957,7932],{"class":278},[47,10959,58],{"class":57},[47,10961,699],{"class":632},[47,10963,5270],{"class":636},[47,10965,699],{"class":632},[47,10967,69],{"class":61},[47,10969,9452],{"class":278},[47,10971,58],{"class":57},[47,10973,9457],{"class":65},[47,10975,216],{"class":61},[20,10977,10978],{},"So:",[138,10980,10981,10986],{},[141,10982,10983,10985],{},[15,10984,4064],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[141,10987,10988,10990],{},[15,10989,9384],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10992,10993,10994,10998,10999,89],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[252,10995,10997],{"href":10996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[252,11000,11002,11003,11006],{"href":11001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11004,11005],{},"get()"," method",[33,11008,11010],{"id":11009},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11012,11013,11014,89],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11015,9384],{},[1404,11017,11019],{"id":11018},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11021,4791],{},[38,11023,11025],{"className":40,"code":11024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11026,11027,11051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11028,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11030,1536],{"class":53},[47,11032,58],{"class":57},[47,11034,62],{"class":61},[47,11036,699],{"class":632},[47,11038,252],{"class":636},[47,11040,699],{"class":632},[47,11042,69],{"class":61},[47,11044,708],{"class":632},[47,11046,5026],{"class":636},[47,11048,699],{"class":632},[47,11050,80],{"class":61},[47,11052,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11054,9430],{"class":53},[47,11056,58],{"class":57},[47,11058,9435],{"class":882},[47,11060,106],{"class":61},[47,11062,1562],{"class":92},[47,11064,216],{"class":61},[20,11066,11067,11068,89],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11069,11070],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11072,11073],{},"Correct version:",[38,11075,11077],{"className":40,"code":11076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11078,11079,11113,11127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11080,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11082,1536],{"class":53},[47,11084,58],{"class":57},[47,11086,9484],{"class":61},[47,11088,699],{"class":632},[47,11090,252],{"class":636},[47,11092,699],{"class":632},[47,11094,69],{"class":61},[47,11096,72],{"class":65},[47,11098,9497],{"class":61},[47,11100,9500],{"class":61},[47,11102,699],{"class":632},[47,11104,5026],{"class":636},[47,11106,699],{"class":632},[47,11108,69],{"class":61},[47,11110,77],{"class":65},[47,11112,9513],{"class":61},[47,11114,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11116,9430],{"class":53},[47,11118,58],{"class":57},[47,11120,9435],{"class":882},[47,11122,106],{"class":61},[47,11124,1562],{"class":92},[47,11126,216],{"class":61},[47,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,11130,103],{"class":102},[47,11132,106],{"class":61},[47,11134,9468],{"class":92},[47,11136,216],{"class":61},[1404,11138,11140],{"id":11139},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11142,11143],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,11145,11147],{"className":40,"code":11146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11148,11149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11150,11151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11152,11146],{"class":114},[20,11154,11155,11156,136],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11157,58],{},[38,11159,11161],{"className":40,"code":11160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11162,11163,11185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11164,11165,11167,11169,11171,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11166,9430],{"class":53},[47,11168,58],{"class":57},[47,11170,9435],{"class":882},[47,11172,106],{"class":61},[47,11174,7932],{"class":278},[47,11176,58],{"class":57},[47,11178,699],{"class":632},[47,11180,5270],{"class":636},[47,11182,699],{"class":632},[47,11184,216],{"class":61},[47,11186,11187,11189,11191,11193],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11188,103],{"class":102},[47,11190,106],{"class":61},[47,11192,9468],{"class":92},[47,11194,216],{"class":61},[1404,11196,11198],{"id":11197},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11200,11201],{},"This will not work:",[38,11203,11204],{"className":40,"code":10733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11205,11206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11207,11208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11209,10733],{"class":114},[20,11211,11212],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,11214,11216],{"className":40,"code":11215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11217,11218,11242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11219,11220,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11221,9430],{"class":53},[47,11223,58],{"class":57},[47,11225,10756],{"class":61},[47,11227,699],{"class":632},[47,11229,10761],{"class":636},[47,11231,699],{"class":632},[47,11233,136],{"class":61},[47,11235,708],{"class":632},[47,11237,7941],{"class":636},[47,11239,699],{"class":632},[47,11241,9573],{"class":61},[47,11243,11244,11246,11248,11250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11245,103],{"class":102},[47,11247,106],{"class":61},[47,11249,9468],{"class":92},[47,11251,216],{"class":61},[1404,11253,11255],{"id":11254},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11257,11258],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,11260,11262],{"className":40,"code":11261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11263,11264,11300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11265,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11267,9430],{"class":53},[47,11269,58],{"class":57},[47,11271,9435],{"class":882},[47,11273,9922],{"class":61},[47,11275,699],{"class":632},[47,11277,2456],{"class":636},[47,11279,699],{"class":632},[47,11281,69],{"class":61},[47,11283,72],{"class":65},[47,11285,9497],{"class":61},[47,11287,9500],{"class":61},[47,11289,699],{"class":632},[47,11291,2456],{"class":636},[47,11293,699],{"class":632},[47,11295,69],{"class":61},[47,11297,77],{"class":65},[47,11299,10944],{"class":61},[47,11301,11302,11304,11306,11308],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11303,103],{"class":102},[47,11305,106],{"class":61},[47,11307,9468],{"class":92},[47,11309,216],{"class":61},[20,11311,11312],{},[4015,11313,219],{},[38,11315,11317],{"className":40,"code":11316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11318,11319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11320,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11322,9542],{"class":61},[47,11324,699],{"class":632},[47,11326,2456],{"class":636},[47,11328,699],{"class":632},[47,11330,136],{"class":61},[47,11332,77],{"class":65},[47,11334,9573],{"class":61},[20,11336,11337,11338,89],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[252,11339,11341],{"href":11340},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[33,11343,1397],{"id":1396},[20,11345,11346,11347,11349],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11348,9384],{}," include:",[138,11351,11352,11362,11368,11371],{},[141,11353,11354,11355,11358,11359],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11356,11357],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11360,11361],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[141,11363,11364,11365],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11366,11367],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[141,11369,11370],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[141,11372,11373,11374,11376],{},"confusing ",[15,11375,9384],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11378,11379],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,11381,11383],{"className":40,"code":11382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11384,11385,11399,11409,11420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11386,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11388,103],{"class":102},[47,11390,106],{"class":61},[47,11392,1971],{"class":882},[47,11394,106],{"class":61},[47,11396,9468],{"class":92},[47,11398,1978],{"class":61},[47,11400,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11402,103],{"class":102},[47,11404,106],{"class":61},[47,11406,9468],{"class":92},[47,11408,216],{"class":61},[47,11410,11411,11413,11415,11418],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,11412,103],{"class":102},[47,11414,106],{"class":61},[47,11416,11417],{"class":92},"list_of_pairs",[47,11419,216],{"class":61},[47,11421,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,11423,103],{"class":102},[47,11425,106],{"class":61},[47,11427,969],{"class":102},[47,11429,106],{"class":61},[47,11431,11417],{"class":92},[47,11433,1978],{"class":61},[20,11435,2043],{},[138,11437,11438,11441,11444],{},[141,11439,11440],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[141,11442,11443],{},"what data is being passed in",[141,11445,11446],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[33,11448,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,11450,2094,11452,1233,11454,2099],{"id":11451},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11453,9384],{},[15,11455,4064],{},[20,11457,11458,11460,11461,11463],{},[15,11459,4064],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11462,9384],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1404,11465,5436,11467,11469],{"id":11466},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11468,9384],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11471,11472,11473,89],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11474,11361],{},[1404,11476,5424,11478,11481],{"id":11477},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11479,11480],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11483,11484],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1404,11486,11488,11489,11491],{"id":11487},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11490,9384],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11493,11494,11495,11498],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11496,11497],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[33,11500,2187],{"id":2186},[138,11502,11503,11508,11512,11517,11523],{},[141,11504,11505],{},[252,11506,11507],{"href":9655},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[141,11509,11510],{},[252,11511,9420],{"href":9419},[141,11513,11514],{},[252,11515,11516],{"href":10996},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[141,11518,11519],{},[252,11520,11002,11521,11006],{"href":11001},[15,11522,11005],{},[141,11524,11525],{},[252,11526,11527],{"href":11340},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2210,11529,11530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":11532},[11533,11535,11541,11542,11543,11544,11551,11557,11558,11568],{"id":9609,"depth":83,"text":11534},"What dict() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":11536},[11537,11538,11539,11540],{"id":9666,"depth":99,"text":9667},{"id":9708,"depth":99,"text":9709},{"id":9812,"depth":99,"text":9813},{"id":9902,"depth":99,"text":9903},{"id":10015,"depth":83,"text":9667},{"id":10119,"depth":83,"text":10120},{"id":10542,"depth":83,"text":10543},{"id":10848,"depth":83,"text":11545,"children":11546},"dict() vs {}",[11547,11549],{"id":10863,"depth":99,"text":11548},"Use {} when:",{"id":10889,"depth":99,"text":11550},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11009,"depth":83,"text":11010,"children":11552},[11553,11554,11555,11556],{"id":11018,"depth":99,"text":11019},{"id":11139,"depth":99,"text":11140},{"id":11197,"depth":99,"text":11198},{"id":11254,"depth":99,"text":11255},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":11559},[11560,11562,11564,11566],{"id":11451,"depth":99,"text":11561},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11466,"depth":99,"text":11563},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11477,"depth":99,"text":11565},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11487,"depth":99,"text":11567},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9376,"description":11569},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11576,"title":11577,"body":11578,"description":13084,"extension":2248,"meta":13085,"navigation":203,"path":13086,"seo":13087,"stem":13088,"__hash__":13089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11579,"toc":13053},[11580,11587,11593,11600,11602,11663,11668,11673,11678,11695,11698,11702,11704,11720,11723,11736,11740,11743,11877,11879,11946,11949,11965,11971,11977,11980,12061,12063,12076,12080,12086,12151,12153,12161,12164,12187,12193,12256,12262,12265,12279,12292,12296,12307,12312,12323,12330,12334,12340,12462,12464,12490,12493,12510,12513,12624,12626,12675,12677,12690,12699,12704,12709,12720,12722,12825,12848,12850,12854,12872,12875,12933,12936,12962,12964,12970,12973,12979,12983,12990,12998,13004,13007,13009,13050],[10,11581,11583,11584,18],{"id":11582},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11585,11586],{},"clear()",[20,11588,11589,11592],{},[15,11590,11591],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11594,11595,11596,11599],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[4015,11597,11598],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[33,11601,36],{"id":35},[38,11603,11605],{"className":40,"code":11604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11606,11607,11639,11650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11608,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11610,9430],{"class":53},[47,11612,58],{"class":57},[47,11614,10756],{"class":61},[47,11616,633],{"class":632},[47,11618,252],{"class":636},[47,11620,633],{"class":632},[47,11622,136],{"class":61},[47,11624,72],{"class":65},[47,11626,69],{"class":61},[47,11628,644],{"class":632},[47,11630,5026],{"class":636},[47,11632,633],{"class":632},[47,11634,136],{"class":61},[47,11636,77],{"class":65},[47,11638,9573],{"class":61},[47,11640,11641,11643,11645,11648],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11642,9468],{"class":53},[47,11644,89],{"class":61},[47,11646,11647],{"class":92},"clear",[47,11649,96],{"class":61},[47,11651,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,11653,103],{"class":102},[47,11655,106],{"class":61},[47,11657,9468],{"class":92},[47,11659,111],{"class":61},[47,11661,11662],{"class":114},"  # {}\n",[20,11664,11665,11667],{},[15,11666,11586],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[33,11669,128,11671,131],{"id":11670},"what-clear-does",[15,11672,11586],{},[20,11674,956,11675,11677],{},[15,11676,11586],{}," method:",[138,11679,11680,11683,11686,11690],{},[141,11681,11682],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[141,11684,11685],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[141,11687,149,11688],{},[15,11689,124],{},[141,11691,11692,11693],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11694,4064],{},[20,11696,11697],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11699,9416,11700,89],{},[252,11701,9420],{"href":9419},[33,11703,259],{"id":258},[38,11705,11707],{"className":40,"code":11706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11708,11709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11710,11711,11714,11716,11718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11712,11713],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,11715,89],{"class":61},[47,11717,11647],{"class":92},[47,11719,96],{"class":61},[20,11721,11722],{},"Important points:",[138,11724,11725,11730,11733],{},[141,11726,11727,11729],{},[15,11728,11586],{}," takes no arguments",[141,11731,11732],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[141,11734,11735],{},"It empties that dictionary",[33,11737,11739],{"id":11738},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11741,11742],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,11744,11746],{"className":40,"code":11745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11747,11748,11758,11779,11793,11810,11814,11818,11838,11842,11853,11857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11749,11750,11753,11755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11751,11752],{"class":53},"user ",[47,11754,58],{"class":57},[47,11756,11757],{"class":61}," {\n",[47,11759,11760,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11774,11776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11761,11762],{"class":632},"    \"",[47,11764,7932],{"class":636},[47,11766,633],{"class":632},[47,11768,136],{"class":61},[47,11770,644],{"class":632},[47,11772,11773],{"class":636},"Maya",[47,11775,633],{"class":632},[47,11777,11778],{"class":61},",\n",[47,11780,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,11782,11762],{"class":632},[47,11784,9563],{"class":636},[47,11786,633],{"class":632},[47,11788,136],{"class":61},[47,11790,9570],{"class":65},[47,11792,11778],{"class":61},[47,11794,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11808],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,11796,11762],{"class":632},[47,11798,10674],{"class":636},[47,11800,633],{"class":632},[47,11802,136],{"class":61},[47,11804,644],{"class":632},[47,11806,11807],{"class":636},"Berlin",[47,11809,1609],{"class":632},[47,11811,11812],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,11813,9573],{"class":61},[47,11815,11816],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,11817,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,11819,11820,11822,11824,11826,11829,11831,11833,11836],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,11821,103],{"class":102},[47,11823,106],{"class":61},[47,11825,633],{"class":632},[47,11827,11828],{"class":636},"Before:",[47,11830,633],{"class":632},[47,11832,69],{"class":61},[47,11834,11835],{"class":92}," user",[47,11837,216],{"class":61},[47,11839,11840],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,11841,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,11843,11844,11847,11849,11851],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,11845,11846],{"class":53},"user",[47,11848,89],{"class":61},[47,11850,11647],{"class":92},[47,11852,96],{"class":61},[47,11854,11855],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,11856,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11869,11871,11873,11875],{"class":49,"line":11859},11,[47,11861,103],{"class":102},[47,11863,106],{"class":61},[47,11865,633],{"class":632},[47,11867,11868],{"class":636},"After:",[47,11870,633],{"class":632},[47,11872,69],{"class":61},[47,11874,11835],{"class":92},[47,11876,216],{"class":61},[20,11878,5826],{},[38,11880,11882],{"className":40,"code":11881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11883,11884,11937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11885,11886,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901,11903,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11887,11888],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11890,136],{"class":61},[47,11892,10756],{"class":61},[47,11894,699],{"class":632},[47,11896,7932],{"class":636},[47,11898,699],{"class":632},[47,11900,136],{"class":61},[47,11902,708],{"class":632},[47,11904,11773],{"class":636},[47,11906,699],{"class":632},[47,11908,69],{"class":61},[47,11910,708],{"class":632},[47,11912,9563],{"class":636},[47,11914,699],{"class":632},[47,11916,136],{"class":61},[47,11918,9570],{"class":65},[47,11920,69],{"class":61},[47,11922,708],{"class":632},[47,11924,10674],{"class":636},[47,11926,699],{"class":632},[47,11928,136],{"class":61},[47,11930,708],{"class":632},[47,11932,11807],{"class":636},[47,11934,699],{"class":632},[47,11936,9573],{"class":61},[47,11938,11939,11942,11944],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,11940,11941],{"class":53},"After",[47,11943,136],{"class":61},[47,11945,10103],{"class":61},[20,11947,11948],{},"What happens here:",[138,11950,11951,11956,11962],{},[141,11952,11953,11955],{},[15,11954,11846],{}," starts with three items",[141,11957,11958,11961],{},[15,11959,11960],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[141,11963,11964],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[33,11966,128,11968,11970],{"id":11967},"what-clear-returns",[15,11969,11586],{}," returns",[20,11972,11973,2057,11975,89],{},[15,11974,11586],{},[15,11976,124],{},[20,11978,11979],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,11981,11983],{"className":40,"code":11982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11984,11985,12018,12022,12037,12041,12051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11986,11987,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11988,11989],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11991,58],{"class":57},[47,11993,10756],{"class":61},[47,11995,633],{"class":632},[47,11997,2456],{"class":636},[47,11999,633],{"class":632},[47,12001,136],{"class":61},[47,12003,72],{"class":65},[47,12005,69],{"class":61},[47,12007,644],{"class":632},[47,12009,1739],{"class":636},[47,12011,633],{"class":632},[47,12013,136],{"class":61},[47,12015,77],{"class":65},[47,12017,9573],{"class":61},[47,12019,12020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12021,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12023,12024,12026,12028,12031,12033,12035],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12025,1442],{"class":53},[47,12027,58],{"class":57},[47,12029,12030],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,12032,89],{"class":61},[47,12034,11647],{"class":92},[47,12036,96],{"class":61},[47,12038,12039],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12040,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12042,12043,12045,12047,12049],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,12044,103],{"class":102},[47,12046,106],{"class":61},[47,12048,1466],{"class":92},[47,12050,216],{"class":61},[47,12052,12053,12055,12057,12059],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,12054,103],{"class":102},[47,12056,106],{"class":61},[47,12058,11713],{"class":92},[47,12060,216],{"class":61},[20,12062,219],{},[38,12064,12066],{"className":40,"code":12065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,12067,12068,12072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12069,12070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12071,1490],{"class":284},[47,12073,12074],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12075,9699],{"class":61},[1404,12077,12079],{"id":12078},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12081,12082,12083,12085],{},"Do ",[4015,12084,4896],{}," do this:",[38,12087,12089],{"className":40,"code":12088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12090,12091,12123,12137,12141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12092,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12094,11989],{"class":53},[47,12096,58],{"class":57},[47,12098,10756],{"class":61},[47,12100,633],{"class":632},[47,12102,2456],{"class":636},[47,12104,633],{"class":632},[47,12106,136],{"class":61},[47,12108,72],{"class":65},[47,12110,69],{"class":61},[47,12112,644],{"class":632},[47,12114,1739],{"class":636},[47,12116,633],{"class":632},[47,12118,136],{"class":61},[47,12120,77],{"class":65},[47,12122,9573],{"class":61},[47,12124,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12126,11989],{"class":53},[47,12128,58],{"class":57},[47,12130,12030],{"class":53},[47,12132,89],{"class":61},[47,12134,11647],{"class":92},[47,12136,96],{"class":61},[47,12138,12139],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12140,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12142,12143,12145,12147,12149],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12144,103],{"class":102},[47,12146,106],{"class":61},[47,12148,11713],{"class":92},[47,12150,216],{"class":61},[20,12152,219],{},[38,12154,12155],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12156,12157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12158,12159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12160,1490],{"class":284},[20,12162,12163],{},"Why this happens:",[138,12165,12166,12172,12177],{},[141,12167,12168,12171],{},[15,12169,12170],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[141,12173,12174,12175],{},"The method returns ",[15,12176,124],{},[141,12178,12179,12180,12183,12184,12186],{},"Then ",[15,12181,12182],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12185,124],{}," in the variable",[20,12188,12189,12190,12192],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12191,11586],{}," by itself:",[38,12194,12196],{"className":40,"code":12195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12197,12198,12230,12240,12244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12199,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12201,11989],{"class":53},[47,12203,58],{"class":57},[47,12205,10756],{"class":61},[47,12207,633],{"class":632},[47,12209,2456],{"class":636},[47,12211,633],{"class":632},[47,12213,136],{"class":61},[47,12215,72],{"class":65},[47,12217,69],{"class":61},[47,12219,644],{"class":632},[47,12221,1739],{"class":636},[47,12223,633],{"class":632},[47,12225,136],{"class":61},[47,12227,77],{"class":65},[47,12229,9573],{"class":61},[47,12231,12232,12234,12236,12238],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12233,11713],{"class":53},[47,12235,89],{"class":61},[47,12237,11647],{"class":92},[47,12239,96],{"class":61},[47,12241,12242],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12243,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12245,12246,12248,12250,12252,12254],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12247,103],{"class":102},[47,12249,106],{"class":61},[47,12251,11713],{"class":92},[47,12253,111],{"class":61},[47,12255,11662],{"class":114},[33,12257,12259,12261],{"id":12258},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12260,11586],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12263,12264],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,12266,12267],{"className":40,"code":11706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12268,12269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12270,12271,12273,12275,12277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12272,11713],{"class":53},[47,12274,89],{"class":61},[47,12276,11647],{"class":92},[47,12278,96],{"class":61},[38,12280,12282],{"className":40,"code":12281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12283,12284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12285,12286,12288,12290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12287,11989],{"class":53},[47,12289,58],{"class":57},[47,12291,10103],{"class":61},[1404,12293,12294],{"id":11647},[15,12295,11586],{},[138,12297,12298,12301,12304],{},[141,12299,12300],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[141,12302,12303],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[141,12305,12306],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1404,12308,12309],{"id":11713},[15,12310,12311],{},"my_dict = {}",[138,12313,12314,12317,12320],{},[141,12315,12316],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[141,12318,12319],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[141,12321,12322],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12324,12325,12326,89],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[252,12327,12329],{"href":12328},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12331,12333],{"id":12332},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12335,12336,12337,12339],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12338,11586],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,12341,12343],{"className":40,"code":12342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12344,12345,12378,12388,12392,12403,12407,12427,12447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12346,12347,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12348,12349],{"class":53},"original ",[47,12351,58],{"class":57},[47,12353,10756],{"class":61},[47,12355,633],{"class":632},[47,12357,252],{"class":636},[47,12359,633],{"class":632},[47,12361,136],{"class":61},[47,12363,72],{"class":65},[47,12365,69],{"class":61},[47,12367,644],{"class":632},[47,12369,5026],{"class":636},[47,12371,633],{"class":632},[47,12373,136],{"class":61},[47,12375,77],{"class":65},[47,12377,9573],{"class":61},[47,12379,12380,12383,12385],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12381,12382],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12384,58],{"class":57},[47,12386,12387],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12389,12390],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12391,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12393,12394,12397,12399,12401],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12395,12396],{"class":53},"original",[47,12398,89],{"class":61},[47,12400,11647],{"class":92},[47,12402,96],{"class":61},[47,12404,12405],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,12406,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12408,12409,12411,12413,12415,12418,12420,12422,12425],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,12410,103],{"class":102},[47,12412,106],{"class":61},[47,12414,633],{"class":632},[47,12416,12417],{"class":636},"original:",[47,12419,633],{"class":632},[47,12421,69],{"class":61},[47,12423,12424],{"class":92}," original",[47,12426,216],{"class":61},[47,12428,12429,12431,12433,12435,12438,12440,12442,12445],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,12430,103],{"class":102},[47,12432,106],{"class":61},[47,12434,633],{"class":632},[47,12436,12437],{"class":636},"other_ref:",[47,12439,633],{"class":632},[47,12441,69],{"class":61},[47,12443,12444],{"class":92}," other_ref",[47,12446,216],{"class":61},[47,12448,12449,12451,12453,12455,12458,12460],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,12450,103],{"class":102},[47,12452,106],{"class":61},[47,12454,12349],{"class":92},[47,12456,12457],{"class":2027},"is",[47,12459,12444],{"class":92},[47,12461,216],{"class":61},[20,12463,219],{},[38,12465,12467],{"className":40,"code":12466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12468,12469,12477,12486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12470,12471,12473,12475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12472,12396],{"class":53},[47,12474,136],{"class":61},[47,12476,10103],{"class":61},[47,12478,12479,12482,12484],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12480,12481],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12483,136],{"class":61},[47,12485,10103],{"class":61},[47,12487,12488],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12489,4249],{"class":284},[20,12491,12492],{},"This shows:",[138,12494,12495,12502,12507],{},[141,12496,12497,1233,12499,12501],{},[15,12498,12396],{},[15,12500,12481],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[141,12503,12504,12506],{},[15,12505,11586],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[141,12508,12509],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12511,12512],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,12514,12516],{"className":40,"code":12515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12517,12518,12550,12558,12562,12570,12574,12592,12610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12519,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12521,12349],{"class":53},[47,12523,58],{"class":57},[47,12525,10756],{"class":61},[47,12527,633],{"class":632},[47,12529,252],{"class":636},[47,12531,633],{"class":632},[47,12533,136],{"class":61},[47,12535,72],{"class":65},[47,12537,69],{"class":61},[47,12539,644],{"class":632},[47,12541,5026],{"class":636},[47,12543,633],{"class":632},[47,12545,136],{"class":61},[47,12547,77],{"class":65},[47,12549,9573],{"class":61},[47,12551,12552,12554,12556],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12553,12382],{"class":53},[47,12555,58],{"class":57},[47,12557,12387],{"class":53},[47,12559,12560],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12561,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12563,12564,12566,12568],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12565,12349],{"class":53},[47,12567,58],{"class":57},[47,12569,10103],{"class":61},[47,12571,12572],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,12573,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12575,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,12577,103],{"class":102},[47,12579,106],{"class":61},[47,12581,633],{"class":632},[47,12583,12417],{"class":636},[47,12585,633],{"class":632},[47,12587,69],{"class":61},[47,12589,12424],{"class":92},[47,12591,216],{"class":61},[47,12593,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,12595,103],{"class":102},[47,12597,106],{"class":61},[47,12599,633],{"class":632},[47,12601,12437],{"class":636},[47,12603,633],{"class":632},[47,12605,69],{"class":61},[47,12607,12444],{"class":92},[47,12609,216],{"class":61},[47,12611,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,12613,103],{"class":102},[47,12615,106],{"class":61},[47,12617,12349],{"class":92},[47,12619,12457],{"class":2027},[47,12621,12444],{"class":92},[47,12623,216],{"class":61},[20,12625,219],{},[38,12627,12629],{"className":40,"code":12628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12630,12631,12639,12671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12632,12633,12635,12637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12634,12396],{"class":53},[47,12636,136],{"class":61},[47,12638,10103],{"class":61},[47,12640,12641,12643,12645,12647,12649,12651,12653,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12642,12481],{"class":53},[47,12644,136],{"class":61},[47,12646,10756],{"class":61},[47,12648,699],{"class":632},[47,12650,252],{"class":636},[47,12652,699],{"class":632},[47,12654,136],{"class":61},[47,12656,72],{"class":65},[47,12658,69],{"class":61},[47,12660,708],{"class":632},[47,12662,5026],{"class":636},[47,12664,699],{"class":632},[47,12666,136],{"class":61},[47,12668,77],{"class":65},[47,12670,9573],{"class":61},[47,12672,12673],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12674,4310],{"class":284},[20,12676,2461],{},[138,12678,12679,12685],{},[141,12680,12681,12684],{},[15,12682,12683],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[141,12686,12687,12689],{},[15,12688,12481],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12691,12692,12693,89],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[252,12694,12696],{"href":12695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12697,12698],{},"dict.copy()",[33,12700,5227,12702],{"id":12701},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12703,11586],{},[20,12705,12706,12708],{},[15,12707,11586],{}," is useful when you want to:",[138,12710,12711,12714,12717],{},[141,12712,12713],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[141,12715,12716],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[141,12718,12719],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12721,318],{},[38,12723,12725],{"className":40,"code":12724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12726,12727,12736,12752,12772,12785,12789,12793,12798,12809,12813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12728,12729,12732,12734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12730,12731],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,12733,58],{"class":57},[47,12735,11757],{"class":61},[47,12737,12738,12740,12743,12745,12747,12750],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12739,11762],{"class":632},[47,12741,12742],{"class":636},"user_id",[47,12744,633],{"class":632},[47,12746,136],{"class":61},[47,12748,12749],{"class":65}," 101",[47,12751,11778],{"class":61},[47,12753,12754,12756,12759,12761,12763,12765,12768,12770],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12755,11762],{"class":632},[47,12757,12758],{"class":636},"theme",[47,12760,633],{"class":632},[47,12762,136],{"class":61},[47,12764,644],{"class":632},[47,12766,12767],{"class":636},"dark",[47,12769,633],{"class":632},[47,12771,11778],{"class":61},[47,12773,12774,12776,12779,12781,12783],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12775,11762],{"class":632},[47,12777,12778],{"class":636},"logged_in",[47,12780,633],{"class":632},[47,12782,136],{"class":61},[47,12784,6687],{"class":284},[47,12786,12787],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,12788,9573],{"class":61},[47,12790,12791],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,12792,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12794,12795],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,12796,12797],{"class":114},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,12799,12800,12803,12805,12807],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,12801,12802],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,12804,89],{"class":61},[47,12806,11647],{"class":92},[47,12808,96],{"class":61},[47,12810,12811],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,12812,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,12814,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,12816,103],{"class":102},[47,12818,106],{"class":61},[47,12820,12802],{"class":92},[47,12822,111],{"class":61},[47,12824,11662],{"class":114},[20,12826,12827,12828,12834,12835,89,12839,12841,12842,89],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[252,12829,12831],{"href":12830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12832,12833],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[252,12836,12838],{"href":12837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10111,12840],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[252,12843,12845],{"href":12844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12846,12847],{},"dict.popitem()",[33,12849,1397],{"id":1396},[20,12851,11013,12852,136],{},[15,12853,11586],{},[138,12855,12856,12861,12866,12869],{},[141,12857,1407,12858,12860],{},[15,12859,11586],{}," to a variable",[141,12862,8717,12863,12865],{},[15,12864,11586],{}," to return a new dictionary",[141,12867,12868],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[141,12870,12871],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12873,12874],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,12876,12878],{"className":40,"code":12877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12879,12880,12890,12904,12919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12881,12882,12884,12886,12888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12883,103],{"class":102},[47,12885,106],{"class":61},[47,12887,11713],{"class":92},[47,12889,216],{"class":61},[47,12891,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,12893,103],{"class":102},[47,12895,106],{"class":61},[47,12897,1971],{"class":882},[47,12899,106],{"class":61},[47,12901,11713],{"class":92},[47,12903,1978],{"class":61},[47,12905,12906,12908,12910,12913,12915,12917],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,12907,103],{"class":102},[47,12909,106],{"class":61},[47,12911,12912],{"class":102},"id",[47,12914,106],{"class":61},[47,12916,11713],{"class":92},[47,12918,1978],{"class":61},[47,12920,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,12922,103],{"class":102},[47,12924,106],{"class":61},[47,12926,12382],{"class":92},[47,12928,12457],{"class":2027},[47,12930,12030],{"class":92},[47,12932,216],{"class":61},[20,12934,12935],{},"What these show:",[138,12937,12938,12944,12950,12956],{},[141,12939,12940,12943],{},[15,12941,12942],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[141,12945,12946,12949],{},[15,12947,12948],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[141,12951,12952,12955],{},[15,12953,12954],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[141,12957,12958,12961],{},[15,12959,12960],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[33,12963,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,12965,2082,12967,12969],{"id":12966},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12968,11586],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12971,12972],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1404,12974,5408,12976,12978],{"id":12975},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12977,11591],{}," return?",[20,12980,5414,12981,89],{},[15,12982,124],{},[1404,12984,2094,12986,1233,12988,2099],{"id":12985},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12987,11586],{},[15,12989,4064],{},[20,12991,12992,12994,12995,12997],{},[15,12993,11586],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12996,4064],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1404,12999,2082,13001,13003],{"id":13000},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13002,11586],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13005,13006],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[33,13008,2187],{"id":2186},[138,13010,13011,13015,13019,13026,13033,13040,13045],{},[141,13012,13013],{},[252,13014,9420],{"href":9419},[141,13016,13017],{},[252,13018,11507],{"href":9655},[141,13020,13021],{},[252,13022,11002,13023,11006],{"href":12830},[15,13024,13025],{},"pop()",[141,13027,13028],{},[252,13029,11002,13030,11006],{"href":12844},[15,13031,13032],{},"popitem()",[141,13034,13035],{},[252,13036,11002,13037,11006],{"href":12695},[15,13038,13039],{},"copy()",[141,13041,13042],{},[252,13043,13044],{"href":12328},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[141,13046,13047],{},[252,13048,13049],{"href":12837},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2210,13051,13052],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":13054},[13055,13056,13058,13059,13060,13064,13069,13070,13072,13073,13083],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":11670,"depth":83,"text":13057},"What clear() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":11967,"depth":83,"text":13061,"children":13062},"What clear() returns",[13063],{"id":12078,"depth":99,"text":12079},{"id":12258,"depth":83,"text":13065,"children":13066},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13067,13068],{"id":11647,"depth":99,"text":11586},{"id":11713,"depth":99,"text":12311},{"id":12332,"depth":83,"text":12333},{"id":12701,"depth":83,"text":13071},"When to use clear()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":13074},[13075,13077,13079,13081],{"id":12966,"depth":99,"text":13076},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12975,"depth":99,"text":13078},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12985,"depth":99,"text":13080},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13000,"depth":99,"text":13082},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11577,"description":13084},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13091,"title":13092,"body":13093,"description":15261,"extension":2248,"meta":15262,"navigation":203,"path":15263,"seo":15264,"stem":15265,"__hash__":15266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13094,"toc":15233},[13095,13100,13105,13115,13117,13206,13210,13251,13256,13263,13281,13290,13292,13313,13316,13328,13330,13409,13413,13454,13456,13459,13587,13591,13671,13674,13692,13695,13699,13705,13707,13718,13720,13915,13919,14025,14028,14046,14049,14056,14061,14065,14079,14081,14208,14212,14292,14305,14311,14314,14322,14326,14452,14456,14530,14535,14666,14670,14744,14747,14761,14765,14769,14783,14785,14921,14925,14994,14996,15001,15023,15026,15132,15135,15146,15153,15155,15161,15164,15171,15174,15181,15189,15193,15196,15198,15230],[10,13096,11583,13098,18],{"id":13097},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13099,13039],{},[20,13101,13102,13104],{},[15,13103,12698],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13106,13107,13108,13110,13111,13114],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13109,13039],{}," makes a ",[4015,13112,13113],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[33,13116,36],{"id":35},[38,13118,13120],{"className":40,"code":13119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13121,13122,13160,13177,13181,13192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13123,13124,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13125,13126],{"class":53},"student ",[47,13128,58],{"class":57},[47,13130,10756],{"class":61},[47,13132,633],{"class":632},[47,13134,7932],{"class":636},[47,13136,633],{"class":632},[47,13138,136],{"class":61},[47,13140,644],{"class":632},[47,13142,13143],{"class":636},"Ana",[47,13145,633],{"class":632},[47,13147,69],{"class":61},[47,13149,644],{"class":632},[47,13151,9563],{"class":636},[47,13153,633],{"class":632},[47,13155,136],{"class":61},[47,13157,8054],{"class":65},[47,13159,9573],{"class":61},[47,13161,13162,13165,13167,13170,13172,13175],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13163,13164],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,13166,58],{"class":57},[47,13168,13169],{"class":53}," student",[47,13171,89],{"class":61},[47,13173,13174],{"class":92},"copy",[47,13176,96],{"class":61},[47,13178,13179],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,13180,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13182,13183,13185,13187,13190],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,13184,103],{"class":102},[47,13186,106],{"class":61},[47,13188,13189],{"class":92},"student_copy",[47,13191,216],{"class":61},[47,13193,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,13195,103],{"class":102},[47,13197,106],{"class":61},[47,13199,13164],{"class":92},[47,13201,12457],{"class":2027},[47,13203,13169],{"class":92},[47,13205,216],{"class":61},[20,13207,13208],{},[4015,13209,219],{},[38,13211,13213],{"className":40,"code":13212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13214,13215,13247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13216,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13218,9542],{"class":61},[47,13220,699],{"class":632},[47,13222,7932],{"class":636},[47,13224,699],{"class":632},[47,13226,136],{"class":61},[47,13228,708],{"class":632},[47,13230,13143],{"class":636},[47,13232,699],{"class":632},[47,13234,69],{"class":61},[47,13236,708],{"class":632},[47,13238,9563],{"class":636},[47,13240,699],{"class":632},[47,13242,136],{"class":61},[47,13244,8054],{"class":65},[47,13246,9573],{"class":61},[47,13248,13249],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13250,4310],{"class":284},[20,13252,118,13253,13255],{},[15,13254,13039],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[33,13257,13259,13260,13262],{"id":13258},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13261,13039],{}," method does",[138,13264,13265,13270,13273,13278],{},[141,13266,13267,13269],{},[15,13268,12698],{}," returns a new dictionary",[141,13271,13272],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[141,13274,13275,13276],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13277,13039],{},[141,13279,13280],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13282,13283,13284,3158,13287,89],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[252,13285,9420],{"href":13286},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[252,13288,9656],{"href":13289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[33,13291,259],{"id":258},[38,13293,13295],{"className":40,"code":13294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13296,13297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13298,13299,13302,13304,13307,13309,13311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13300,13301],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,13303,58],{"class":57},[47,13305,13306],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,13308,89],{"class":61},[47,13310,13174],{"class":92},[47,13312,96],{"class":61},[20,13314,13315],{},"Key points:",[138,13317,13318,13322,13325],{},[141,13319,13320,11729],{},[15,13321,13039],{},[141,13323,13324],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[141,13326,13327],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13329,318],{},[38,13331,13333],{"className":40,"code":13332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13334,13335,13378,13394,13398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13336,13337,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13374,13376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13338,13339],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,13341,58],{"class":57},[47,13343,10756],{"class":61},[47,13345,633],{"class":632},[47,13347,252],{"class":636},[47,13349,633],{"class":632},[47,13351,136],{"class":61},[47,13353,644],{"class":632},[47,13355,13356],{"class":636},"red",[47,13358,633],{"class":632},[47,13360,69],{"class":61},[47,13362,644],{"class":632},[47,13364,5026],{"class":636},[47,13366,633],{"class":632},[47,13368,136],{"class":61},[47,13370,644],{"class":632},[47,13372,13373],{"class":636},"blue",[47,13375,633],{"class":632},[47,13377,9573],{"class":61},[47,13379,13380,13383,13385,13388,13390,13392],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13381,13382],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,13384,58],{"class":57},[47,13386,13387],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13389,89],{"class":61},[47,13391,13174],{"class":92},[47,13393,96],{"class":61},[47,13395,13396],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,13397,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13399,13400,13402,13404,13407],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,13401,103],{"class":102},[47,13403,106],{"class":61},[47,13405,13406],{"class":92},"new_colors",[47,13408,216],{"class":61},[20,13410,13411],{},[4015,13412,219],{},[38,13414,13416],{"className":40,"code":13415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13417,13418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13419,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13421,9542],{"class":61},[47,13423,699],{"class":632},[47,13425,252],{"class":636},[47,13427,699],{"class":632},[47,13429,136],{"class":61},[47,13431,708],{"class":632},[47,13433,13356],{"class":636},[47,13435,699],{"class":632},[47,13437,69],{"class":61},[47,13439,708],{"class":632},[47,13441,5026],{"class":636},[47,13443,699],{"class":632},[47,13445,136],{"class":61},[47,13447,708],{"class":632},[47,13449,13373],{"class":636},[47,13451,699],{"class":632},[47,13453,9573],{"class":61},[33,13455,11739],{"id":11738},[20,13457,13458],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,13460,13462],{"className":40,"code":13461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13463,13464,13502,13518,13522,13544,13548,13567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13465,13466,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13467,13468],{"class":53},"person ",[47,13470,58],{"class":57},[47,13472,10756],{"class":61},[47,13474,633],{"class":632},[47,13476,7932],{"class":636},[47,13478,633],{"class":632},[47,13480,136],{"class":61},[47,13482,644],{"class":632},[47,13484,13485],{"class":636},"Liam",[47,13487,633],{"class":632},[47,13489,69],{"class":61},[47,13491,644],{"class":632},[47,13493,9563],{"class":636},[47,13495,633],{"class":632},[47,13497,136],{"class":61},[47,13499,9570],{"class":65},[47,13501,9573],{"class":61},[47,13503,13504,13507,13509,13512,13514,13516],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13505,13506],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13508,58],{"class":57},[47,13510,13511],{"class":53}," person",[47,13513,89],{"class":61},[47,13515,13174],{"class":92},[47,13517,96],{"class":61},[47,13519,13520],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,13521,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13523,13524,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13538,13541],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,13525,13526],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13528,229],{"class":61},[47,13530,633],{"class":632},[47,13532,9563],{"class":636},[47,13534,633],{"class":632},[47,13536,13537],{"class":61},"]",[47,13539,13540],{"class":57}," =",[47,13542,13543],{"class":65}," 26\n",[47,13545,13546],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,13547,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13549,13550,13552,13554,13556,13559,13561,13563,13565],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,13551,103],{"class":102},[47,13553,106],{"class":61},[47,13555,633],{"class":632},[47,13557,13558],{"class":636},"Original:",[47,13560,633],{"class":632},[47,13562,69],{"class":61},[47,13564,13511],{"class":92},[47,13566,216],{"class":61},[47,13568,13569,13571,13573,13575,13578,13580,13582,13585],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,13570,103],{"class":102},[47,13572,106],{"class":61},[47,13574,633],{"class":632},[47,13576,13577],{"class":636},"Copy:",[47,13579,633],{"class":632},[47,13581,69],{"class":61},[47,13583,13584],{"class":92}," person_copy",[47,13586,216],{"class":61},[20,13588,13589],{},[4015,13590,219],{},[38,13592,13594],{"className":40,"code":13593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13595,13596,13633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13597,13598,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13599,13600],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13602,136],{"class":61},[47,13604,10756],{"class":61},[47,13606,699],{"class":632},[47,13608,7932],{"class":636},[47,13610,699],{"class":632},[47,13612,136],{"class":61},[47,13614,708],{"class":632},[47,13616,13485],{"class":636},[47,13618,699],{"class":632},[47,13620,69],{"class":61},[47,13622,708],{"class":632},[47,13624,9563],{"class":636},[47,13626,699],{"class":632},[47,13628,136],{"class":61},[47,13630,9570],{"class":65},[47,13632,9573],{"class":61},[47,13634,13635,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13636,13637],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13639,136],{"class":61},[47,13641,10756],{"class":61},[47,13643,699],{"class":632},[47,13645,7932],{"class":636},[47,13647,699],{"class":632},[47,13649,136],{"class":61},[47,13651,708],{"class":632},[47,13653,13485],{"class":636},[47,13655,699],{"class":632},[47,13657,69],{"class":61},[47,13659,708],{"class":632},[47,13661,9563],{"class":636},[47,13663,699],{"class":632},[47,13665,136],{"class":61},[47,13667,13668],{"class":65}," 26",[47,13670,9573],{"class":61},[20,13672,13673],{},"What happened here:",[138,13675,13676,13682,13689],{},[141,13677,13678,13681],{},[15,13679,13680],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[141,13683,13684,13685,13688],{},"Changing ",[15,13686,13687],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[141,13690,13691],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13693,13694],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[33,13696,13698],{"id":13697},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13700,13701,13110,13703,89],{},[15,13702,13039],{},[4015,13704,13113],{},[20,13706,2390],{},[138,13708,13709,13712,13715],{},[141,13710,13711],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[141,13713,13714],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[141,13716,13717],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13719,318],{},[38,13721,13723],{"className":40,"code":13722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13724,13725,13733,13751,13774,13778,13782,13796,13800,13825,13829,13847,13866,13881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13726,13727,13729,13731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13728,13126],{"class":53},[47,13730,58],{"class":57},[47,13732,11757],{"class":61},[47,13734,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13736,11762],{"class":632},[47,13738,7932],{"class":636},[47,13740,633],{"class":632},[47,13742,136],{"class":61},[47,13744,644],{"class":632},[47,13746,13143],{"class":636},[47,13748,633],{"class":632},[47,13750,11778],{"class":61},[47,13752,13753,13755,13758,13760,13762,13764,13767,13769,13772],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,13754,11762],{"class":632},[47,13756,13757],{"class":636},"grades",[47,13759,633],{"class":632},[47,13761,136],{"class":61},[47,13763,62],{"class":61},[47,13765,13766],{"class":65},"90",[47,13768,69],{"class":61},[47,13770,13771],{"class":65}," 85",[47,13773,80],{"class":61},[47,13775,13776],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,13777,9573],{"class":61},[47,13779,13780],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,13781,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13783,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,13785,13164],{"class":53},[47,13787,58],{"class":57},[47,13789,13169],{"class":53},[47,13791,89],{"class":61},[47,13793,13174],{"class":92},[47,13795,96],{"class":61},[47,13797,13798],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,13799,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13801,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13815,13818,13820,13823],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,13803,13189],{"class":53},[47,13805,229],{"class":61},[47,13807,633],{"class":632},[47,13809,13757],{"class":636},[47,13811,633],{"class":632},[47,13813,13814],{"class":61},"].",[47,13816,13817],{"class":92},"append",[47,13819,106],{"class":61},[47,13821,13822],{"class":65},"100",[47,13824,216],{"class":61},[47,13826,13827],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,13828,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,13830,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,13832,103],{"class":102},[47,13834,106],{"class":61},[47,13836,633],{"class":632},[47,13838,13558],{"class":636},[47,13840,633],{"class":632},[47,13842,69],{"class":61},[47,13844,13169],{"class":92},[47,13846,216],{"class":61},[47,13848,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13864],{"class":49,"line":11859},[47,13850,103],{"class":102},[47,13852,106],{"class":61},[47,13854,633],{"class":632},[47,13856,13577],{"class":636},[47,13858,633],{"class":632},[47,13860,69],{"class":61},[47,13862,13863],{"class":92}," student_copy",[47,13865,216],{"class":61},[47,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879],{"class":49,"line":13868},12,[47,13870,103],{"class":102},[47,13872,106],{"class":61},[47,13874,13126],{"class":92},[47,13876,12457],{"class":2027},[47,13878,13863],{"class":92},[47,13880,216],{"class":61},[47,13882,13884,13886,13888,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913],{"class":49,"line":13883},13,[47,13885,103],{"class":102},[47,13887,106],{"class":61},[47,13889,13890],{"class":92},"student",[47,13892,229],{"class":61},[47,13894,633],{"class":632},[47,13896,13757],{"class":636},[47,13898,633],{"class":632},[47,13900,13537],{"class":61},[47,13902,8361],{"class":2027},[47,13904,13863],{"class":92},[47,13906,229],{"class":61},[47,13908,633],{"class":632},[47,13910,13757],{"class":636},[47,13912,633],{"class":632},[47,13914,2040],{"class":61},[20,13916,13917],{},[4015,13918,219],{},[38,13920,13922],{"className":40,"code":13921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13923,13924,13971,14017,14021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13925,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13927,13600],{"class":53},[47,13929,136],{"class":61},[47,13931,10756],{"class":61},[47,13933,699],{"class":632},[47,13935,7932],{"class":636},[47,13937,699],{"class":632},[47,13939,136],{"class":61},[47,13941,708],{"class":632},[47,13943,13143],{"class":636},[47,13945,699],{"class":632},[47,13947,69],{"class":61},[47,13949,708],{"class":632},[47,13951,13757],{"class":636},[47,13953,699],{"class":632},[47,13955,136],{"class":61},[47,13957,62],{"class":61},[47,13959,13766],{"class":65},[47,13961,69],{"class":61},[47,13963,13771],{"class":65},[47,13965,69],{"class":61},[47,13967,10383],{"class":65},[47,13969,13970],{"class":61},"]}\n",[47,13972,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,13974,13637],{"class":53},[47,13976,136],{"class":61},[47,13978,10756],{"class":61},[47,13980,699],{"class":632},[47,13982,7932],{"class":636},[47,13984,699],{"class":632},[47,13986,136],{"class":61},[47,13988,708],{"class":632},[47,13990,13143],{"class":636},[47,13992,699],{"class":632},[47,13994,69],{"class":61},[47,13996,708],{"class":632},[47,13998,13757],{"class":636},[47,14000,699],{"class":632},[47,14002,136],{"class":61},[47,14004,62],{"class":61},[47,14006,13766],{"class":65},[47,14008,69],{"class":61},[47,14010,13771],{"class":65},[47,14012,69],{"class":61},[47,14014,10383],{"class":65},[47,14016,13970],{"class":61},[47,14018,14019],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14020,4310],{"class":284},[47,14022,14023],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,14024,4249],{"class":284},[20,14026,14027],{},"Notice the difference:",[138,14029,14030,14038],{},[141,14031,14032,5049,14035,14037],{},[15,14033,14034],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14036,294],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[141,14039,14040,5049,14043,14045],{},[15,14041,14042],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14044,367],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14047,14048],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14050,14051,14052,89],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[252,14053,14055],{"href":14054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[33,14057,5227,14059],{"id":14058},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14060,13039],{},[20,14062,118,14063,10866],{},[15,14064,13039],{},[138,14066,14067,14070,14073,14076],{},[141,14068,14069],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[141,14071,14072],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[141,14074,14075],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[141,14077,14078],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14080,318],{},[38,14082,14084],{"className":40,"code":14083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14085,14086,14125,14141,14145,14165,14169,14188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14087,14088,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14116,14118,14120,14123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14089,14090],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,14092,58],{"class":57},[47,14094,10756],{"class":61},[47,14096,633],{"class":632},[47,14098,12758],{"class":636},[47,14100,633],{"class":632},[47,14102,136],{"class":61},[47,14104,644],{"class":632},[47,14106,12767],{"class":636},[47,14108,633],{"class":632},[47,14110,69],{"class":61},[47,14112,644],{"class":632},[47,14114,14115],{"class":636},"font_size",[47,14117,633],{"class":632},[47,14119,136],{"class":61},[47,14121,14122],{"class":65}," 14",[47,14124,9573],{"class":61},[47,14126,14127,14130,14132,14135,14137,14139],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14128,14129],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,14131,58],{"class":57},[47,14133,14134],{"class":53}," settings",[47,14136,89],{"class":61},[47,14138,13174],{"class":92},[47,14140,96],{"class":61},[47,14142,14143],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14144,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14146,14147,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,14148,14149],{"class":53},"settings",[47,14151,229],{"class":61},[47,14153,633],{"class":632},[47,14155,14115],{"class":636},[47,14157,633],{"class":632},[47,14159,13537],{"class":61},[47,14161,13540],{"class":57},[47,14163,14164],{"class":65}," 16\n",[47,14166,14167],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,14168,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14170,14171,14173,14175,14177,14180,14182,14184,14186],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,14172,103],{"class":102},[47,14174,106],{"class":61},[47,14176,633],{"class":632},[47,14178,14179],{"class":636},"Current:",[47,14181,633],{"class":632},[47,14183,69],{"class":61},[47,14185,14134],{"class":92},[47,14187,216],{"class":61},[47,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14199,14201,14203,14206],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,14191,103],{"class":102},[47,14193,106],{"class":61},[47,14195,633],{"class":632},[47,14197,14198],{"class":636},"Backup:",[47,14200,633],{"class":632},[47,14202,69],{"class":61},[47,14204,14205],{"class":92}," settings_backup",[47,14207,216],{"class":61},[20,14209,14210],{},[4015,14211,219],{},[38,14213,14215],{"className":40,"code":14214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14216,14217,14255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14218,14219,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14220,14221],{"class":53},"Current",[47,14223,136],{"class":61},[47,14225,10756],{"class":61},[47,14227,699],{"class":632},[47,14229,12758],{"class":636},[47,14231,699],{"class":632},[47,14233,136],{"class":61},[47,14235,708],{"class":632},[47,14237,12767],{"class":636},[47,14239,699],{"class":632},[47,14241,69],{"class":61},[47,14243,708],{"class":632},[47,14245,14115],{"class":636},[47,14247,699],{"class":632},[47,14249,136],{"class":61},[47,14251,14252],{"class":65}," 16",[47,14254,9573],{"class":61},[47,14256,14257,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14258,14259],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,14261,136],{"class":61},[47,14263,10756],{"class":61},[47,14265,699],{"class":632},[47,14267,12758],{"class":636},[47,14269,699],{"class":632},[47,14271,136],{"class":61},[47,14273,708],{"class":632},[47,14275,12767],{"class":636},[47,14277,699],{"class":632},[47,14279,69],{"class":61},[47,14281,708],{"class":632},[47,14283,14115],{"class":636},[47,14285,699],{"class":632},[47,14287,136],{"class":61},[47,14289,14122],{"class":65},[47,14291,9573],{"class":61},[20,14293,14294,14295,3158,14301,89],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[252,14296,14298],{"href":14297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14299,14300],{},"dict.update()",[252,14302,14303],{"href":13086},[15,14304,11591],{},[33,14306,14308,14310],{"id":14307},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14309,13039],{}," vs assignment",[20,14312,14313],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14315,8681,14316,14318,14319,14321],{},[15,14317,58],{}," does ",[4015,14320,4896],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1404,14323,14325],{"id":14324},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,14327,14329],{"className":40,"code":14328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14330,14331,14363,14372,14376,14396,14400,14418,14438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14332,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14334,12349],{"class":53},[47,14336,58],{"class":57},[47,14338,10756],{"class":61},[47,14340,633],{"class":632},[47,14342,2456],{"class":636},[47,14344,633],{"class":632},[47,14346,136],{"class":61},[47,14348,72],{"class":65},[47,14350,69],{"class":61},[47,14352,644],{"class":632},[47,14354,1739],{"class":636},[47,14356,633],{"class":632},[47,14358,136],{"class":61},[47,14360,77],{"class":65},[47,14362,9573],{"class":61},[47,14364,14365,14368,14370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14366,14367],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,14369,58],{"class":57},[47,14371,12387],{"class":53},[47,14373,14374],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14375,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14377,14378,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,14379,14380],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,14382,229],{"class":61},[47,14384,633],{"class":632},[47,14386,2456],{"class":636},[47,14388,633],{"class":632},[47,14390,13537],{"class":61},[47,14392,13540],{"class":57},[47,14394,14395],{"class":65}," 99\n",[47,14397,14398],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,14399,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14401,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,14403,103],{"class":102},[47,14405,106],{"class":61},[47,14407,633],{"class":632},[47,14409,13558],{"class":636},[47,14411,633],{"class":632},[47,14413,69],{"class":61},[47,14415,12424],{"class":92},[47,14417,216],{"class":61},[47,14419,14420,14422,14424,14426,14429,14431,14433,14436],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,14421,103],{"class":102},[47,14423,106],{"class":61},[47,14425,633],{"class":632},[47,14427,14428],{"class":636},"Assigned:",[47,14430,633],{"class":632},[47,14432,69],{"class":61},[47,14434,14435],{"class":92}," assigned",[47,14437,216],{"class":61},[47,14439,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,14441,103],{"class":102},[47,14443,106],{"class":61},[47,14445,12349],{"class":92},[47,14447,12457],{"class":2027},[47,14449,14435],{"class":92},[47,14451,216],{"class":61},[20,14453,14454],{},[4015,14455,219],{},[38,14457,14459],{"className":40,"code":14458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14460,14461,14493,14526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14464,13600],{"class":53},[47,14466,136],{"class":61},[47,14468,10756],{"class":61},[47,14470,699],{"class":632},[47,14472,2456],{"class":636},[47,14474,699],{"class":632},[47,14476,136],{"class":61},[47,14478,10462],{"class":65},[47,14480,69],{"class":61},[47,14482,708],{"class":632},[47,14484,1739],{"class":636},[47,14486,699],{"class":632},[47,14488,136],{"class":61},[47,14490,77],{"class":65},[47,14492,9573],{"class":61},[47,14494,14495,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14496,14497],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14499,136],{"class":61},[47,14501,10756],{"class":61},[47,14503,699],{"class":632},[47,14505,2456],{"class":636},[47,14507,699],{"class":632},[47,14509,136],{"class":61},[47,14511,10462],{"class":65},[47,14513,69],{"class":61},[47,14515,708],{"class":632},[47,14517,1739],{"class":636},[47,14519,699],{"class":632},[47,14521,136],{"class":61},[47,14523,77],{"class":65},[47,14525,9573],{"class":61},[47,14527,14528],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14529,4249],{"class":284},[1404,14531,8681,14533],{"id":14532},"using-copy",[15,14534,13039],{},[38,14536,14538],{"className":40,"code":14537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14539,14540,14572,14587,14591,14610,14614,14632,14652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14541,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14543,12349],{"class":53},[47,14545,58],{"class":57},[47,14547,10756],{"class":61},[47,14549,633],{"class":632},[47,14551,2456],{"class":636},[47,14553,633],{"class":632},[47,14555,136],{"class":61},[47,14557,72],{"class":65},[47,14559,69],{"class":61},[47,14561,644],{"class":632},[47,14563,1739],{"class":636},[47,14565,633],{"class":632},[47,14567,136],{"class":61},[47,14569,77],{"class":65},[47,14571,9573],{"class":61},[47,14573,14574,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14575,14576],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14578,58],{"class":57},[47,14580,12424],{"class":53},[47,14582,89],{"class":61},[47,14584,13174],{"class":92},[47,14586,96],{"class":61},[47,14588,14589],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14590,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14592,14593,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,14594,14595],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14597,229],{"class":61},[47,14599,633],{"class":632},[47,14601,2456],{"class":636},[47,14603,633],{"class":632},[47,14605,13537],{"class":61},[47,14607,13540],{"class":57},[47,14609,14395],{"class":65},[47,14611,14612],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,14613,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14615,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,14617,103],{"class":102},[47,14619,106],{"class":61},[47,14621,633],{"class":632},[47,14623,13558],{"class":636},[47,14625,633],{"class":632},[47,14627,69],{"class":61},[47,14629,12424],{"class":92},[47,14631,216],{"class":61},[47,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14643,14645,14647,14650],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,14635,103],{"class":102},[47,14637,106],{"class":61},[47,14639,633],{"class":632},[47,14641,14642],{"class":636},"Copied:",[47,14644,633],{"class":632},[47,14646,69],{"class":61},[47,14648,14649],{"class":92}," copied",[47,14651,216],{"class":61},[47,14653,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,14655,103],{"class":102},[47,14657,106],{"class":61},[47,14659,12349],{"class":92},[47,14661,12457],{"class":2027},[47,14663,14649],{"class":92},[47,14665,216],{"class":61},[20,14667,14668],{},[4015,14669,219],{},[38,14671,14673],{"className":40,"code":14672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14674,14675,14707,14740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14676,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14678,13600],{"class":53},[47,14680,136],{"class":61},[47,14682,10756],{"class":61},[47,14684,699],{"class":632},[47,14686,2456],{"class":636},[47,14688,699],{"class":632},[47,14690,136],{"class":61},[47,14692,72],{"class":65},[47,14694,69],{"class":61},[47,14696,708],{"class":632},[47,14698,1739],{"class":636},[47,14700,699],{"class":632},[47,14702,136],{"class":61},[47,14704,77],{"class":65},[47,14706,9573],{"class":61},[47,14708,14709,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14710,14711],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,14713,136],{"class":61},[47,14715,10756],{"class":61},[47,14717,699],{"class":632},[47,14719,2456],{"class":636},[47,14721,699],{"class":632},[47,14723,136],{"class":61},[47,14725,10462],{"class":65},[47,14727,69],{"class":61},[47,14729,708],{"class":632},[47,14731,1739],{"class":636},[47,14733,699],{"class":632},[47,14735,136],{"class":61},[47,14737,77],{"class":65},[47,14739,9573],{"class":61},[47,14741,14742],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14743,4310],{"class":284},[20,14745,14746],{},"Summary:",[138,14748,14749,14755],{},[141,14750,14751,14754],{},[15,14752,14753],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[141,14756,14757,14760],{},[15,14758,14759],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[33,14762,14764],{"id":14763},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14766,14767,136],{},[15,14768,13039],{},[138,14770,14771,14774,14777,14780],{},[141,14772,14773],{},"Returns a dictionary",[141,14775,14776],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[141,14778,14779],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[141,14781,14782],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14784,318],{},[38,14786,14788],{"className":40,"code":14787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14789,14790,14822,14838,14842,14860,14880,14884,14902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14791,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14793,9430],{"class":53},[47,14795,58],{"class":57},[47,14797,10756],{"class":61},[47,14799,633],{"class":632},[47,14801,252],{"class":636},[47,14803,633],{"class":632},[47,14805,136],{"class":61},[47,14807,72],{"class":65},[47,14809,69],{"class":61},[47,14811,644],{"class":632},[47,14813,5026],{"class":636},[47,14815,633],{"class":632},[47,14817,136],{"class":61},[47,14819,77],{"class":65},[47,14821,9573],{"class":61},[47,14823,14824,14827,14829,14832,14834,14836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14825,14826],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,14828,58],{"class":57},[47,14830,14831],{"class":53}," data",[47,14833,89],{"class":61},[47,14835,13174],{"class":92},[47,14837,96],{"class":61},[47,14839,14840],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,14841,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14843,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,14845,9468],{"class":53},[47,14847,229],{"class":61},[47,14849,633],{"class":632},[47,14851,252],{"class":636},[47,14853,633],{"class":632},[47,14855,13537],{"class":61},[47,14857,13540],{"class":57},[47,14859,2867],{"class":65},[47,14861,14862,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,14863,14864],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14866,229],{"class":61},[47,14868,633],{"class":632},[47,14870,5026],{"class":636},[47,14872,633],{"class":632},[47,14874,13537],{"class":61},[47,14876,13540],{"class":57},[47,14878,14879],{"class":65}," 20\n",[47,14881,14882],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,14883,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,14885,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,14887,103],{"class":102},[47,14889,106],{"class":61},[47,14891,633],{"class":632},[47,14893,13558],{"class":636},[47,14895,633],{"class":632},[47,14897,69],{"class":61},[47,14899,14831],{"class":92},[47,14901,216],{"class":61},[47,14903,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14919],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,14905,103],{"class":102},[47,14907,106],{"class":61},[47,14909,633],{"class":632},[47,14911,13577],{"class":636},[47,14913,633],{"class":632},[47,14915,69],{"class":61},[47,14917,14918],{"class":92}," data_copy",[47,14920,216],{"class":61},[20,14922,14923],{},[4015,14924,219],{},[38,14926,14928],{"className":40,"code":14927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14929,14930,14962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14931,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14933,13600],{"class":53},[47,14935,136],{"class":61},[47,14937,10756],{"class":61},[47,14939,699],{"class":632},[47,14941,252],{"class":636},[47,14943,699],{"class":632},[47,14945,136],{"class":61},[47,14947,503],{"class":65},[47,14949,69],{"class":61},[47,14951,708],{"class":632},[47,14953,5026],{"class":636},[47,14955,699],{"class":632},[47,14957,136],{"class":61},[47,14959,77],{"class":65},[47,14961,9573],{"class":61},[47,14963,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,14965,13637],{"class":53},[47,14967,136],{"class":61},[47,14969,10756],{"class":61},[47,14971,699],{"class":632},[47,14973,252],{"class":636},[47,14975,699],{"class":632},[47,14977,136],{"class":61},[47,14979,72],{"class":65},[47,14981,69],{"class":61},[47,14983,708],{"class":632},[47,14985,5026],{"class":636},[47,14987,699],{"class":632},[47,14989,136],{"class":61},[47,14991,8054],{"class":65},[47,14993,9573],{"class":61},[33,14995,1397],{"id":1396},[20,14997,14998,14999,136],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15000,12698],{},[138,15002,15003,15010,15015,15020],{},[141,15004,8681,15005,11358,15007,15009],{},[15,15006,58],{},[15,15008,13039],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[141,15011,4845,15012,15014],{},[15,15013,13039],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[141,15016,15017,15018],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15019,13039],{},[141,15021,15022],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15024,15025],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,15027,15029],{"className":40,"code":15028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15030,15031,15041,15051,15065,15088,15110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15032,15033,15035,15037,15039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15034,103],{"class":102},[47,15036,106],{"class":61},[47,15038,12396],{"class":92},[47,15040,216],{"class":61},[47,15042,15043,15045,15047,15049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15044,103],{"class":102},[47,15046,106],{"class":61},[47,15048,14595],{"class":92},[47,15050,216],{"class":61},[47,15052,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15054,103],{"class":102},[47,15056,106],{"class":61},[47,15058,12349],{"class":92},[47,15060,12457],{"class":2027},[47,15062,14649],{"class":92},[47,15064,216],{"class":61},[47,15066,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15082,15084,15086],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,15068,103],{"class":102},[47,15070,106],{"class":61},[47,15072,12912],{"class":102},[47,15074,106],{"class":61},[47,15076,12396],{"class":92},[47,15078,9497],{"class":61},[47,15080,15081],{"class":102}," id",[47,15083,106],{"class":61},[47,15085,14595],{"class":92},[47,15087,1978],{"class":61},[47,15089,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,15091,103],{"class":102},[47,15093,106],{"class":61},[47,15095,12912],{"class":102},[47,15097,106],{"class":61},[47,15099,12396],{"class":92},[47,15101,229],{"class":61},[47,15103,633],{"class":632},[47,15105,279],{"class":636},[47,15107,633],{"class":632},[47,15109,3278],{"class":61},[47,15111,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,15113,103],{"class":102},[47,15115,106],{"class":61},[47,15117,12912],{"class":102},[47,15119,106],{"class":61},[47,15121,14595],{"class":92},[47,15123,229],{"class":61},[47,15125,633],{"class":632},[47,15127,279],{"class":636},[47,15129,633],{"class":632},[47,15131,3278],{"class":61},[20,15133,15134],{},"What these help you check:",[138,15136,15137,15140,15143],{},[141,15138,15139],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[141,15141,15142],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[141,15144,15145],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15147,15148,15149,89],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[252,15150,15152],{"href":15151},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[33,15154,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,15156,2082,15158,15160],{"id":15157},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15159,12698],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15162,15163],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1404,15165,15167,15168,15170],{"id":15166},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15169,12698],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15172,15173],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1404,15175,2094,15177,1233,15179,2099],{"id":15176},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15178,13039],{},[15,15180,58],{},[20,15182,15183,15185,15186,15188],{},[15,15184,13039],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15187,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1404,15190,15192],{"id":15191},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15194,15195],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[33,15197,2187],{"id":2186},[138,15199,15200,15204,15208,15212,15219,15225],{},[141,15201,15202],{},[252,15203,11507],{"href":13289},[141,15205,15206],{},[252,15207,9420],{"href":13286},[141,15209,15210],{},[252,15211,14055],{"href":14054},[141,15213,15214],{},[252,15215,11002,15216,11006],{"href":14297},[15,15217,15218],{},"update()",[141,15220,15221],{},[252,15222,11002,15223,11006],{"href":13086},[15,15224,11586],{},[141,15226,15227],{},[252,15228,15229],{"href":15151},"How to copy a list in Python",[2210,15231,15232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":15234},[15235,15236,15238,15239,15240,15241,15243,15249,15250,15251,15260],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":13258,"depth":83,"text":15237},"What the copy() method does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":13697,"depth":83,"text":13698},{"id":14058,"depth":83,"text":15242},"When to use copy()",{"id":14307,"depth":83,"text":15244,"children":15245},"copy() vs assignment",[15246,15247],{"id":14324,"depth":99,"text":14325},{"id":14532,"depth":99,"text":15248},"Using copy()",{"id":14763,"depth":83,"text":14764},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":15252},[15253,15255,15257,15259],{"id":15157,"depth":99,"text":15254},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15166,"depth":99,"text":15256},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15176,"depth":99,"text":15258},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15191,"depth":99,"text":15192},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13092,"description":15261},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15268,"title":15269,"body":15270,"description":17468,"extension":2248,"meta":17469,"navigation":203,"path":13289,"seo":17470,"stem":17471,"__hash__":17472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15271,"toc":17430},[15272,15275,15281,15290,15292,15368,15372,15421,15424,15428,15442,15445,15449,15462,15465,15498,15512,15515,15527,15531,15534,15542,15622,15626,15679,15683,15701,15703,15785,15788,15790,15793,15796,15819,15843,15847,15855,15858,15862,15871,15876,15934,15938,15971,15977,15983,15986,16041,16045,16095,16098,16104,16107,16115,16117,16162,16167,16176,16179,16182,16229,16231,16236,16239,16333,16337,16390,16393,16449,16452,16456,16459,16473,16477,16543,16547,16572,16575,16579,16657,16661,16664,16667,16687,16690,16743,16747,16750,16753,16766,16768,16857,16864,16867,16878,16880,16883,16903,16907,16909,16918,16921,16960,16964,16966,16975,16984,16986,17024,17028,17075,17079,17100,17104,17107,17219,17224,17322,17344,17346,17350,17357,17361,17367,17371,17374,17378,17381,17388,17396,17398,17424,17427],[10,15273,15269],{"id":15274},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15276,15277,15278,15280],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[4015,15279,9396],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15282,15283,15284,3158,15286,89],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[252,15285,9420],{"href":9419},[252,15287,15289],{"href":15288},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[33,15291,36],{"id":35},[38,15293,15295],{"className":40,"code":15294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15296,15297,15305,15323,15337,15350,15354,15358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15298,15299,15301,15303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15300,13126],{"class":53},[47,15302,58],{"class":57},[47,15304,11757],{"class":61},[47,15306,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15308,11762],{"class":632},[47,15310,7932],{"class":636},[47,15312,633],{"class":632},[47,15314,136],{"class":61},[47,15316,644],{"class":632},[47,15318,13143],{"class":636},[47,15320,633],{"class":632},[47,15322,11778],{"class":61},[47,15324,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15326,11762],{"class":632},[47,15328,9563],{"class":636},[47,15330,633],{"class":632},[47,15332,136],{"class":61},[47,15334,8054],{"class":65},[47,15336,11778],{"class":61},[47,15338,15339,15341,15344,15346,15348],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,15340,11762],{"class":632},[47,15342,15343],{"class":636},"is_active",[47,15345,633],{"class":632},[47,15347,136],{"class":61},[47,15349,6687],{"class":284},[47,15351,15352],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,15353,9573],{"class":61},[47,15355,15356],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,15357,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,15359,15360,15362,15364,15366],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,15361,103],{"class":102},[47,15363,106],{"class":61},[47,15365,13890],{"class":92},[47,15367,216],{"class":61},[20,15369,15370],{},[4015,15371,219],{},[38,15373,15375],{"className":40,"code":15374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15376,15377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15378,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15380,9542],{"class":61},[47,15382,699],{"class":632},[47,15384,7932],{"class":636},[47,15386,699],{"class":632},[47,15388,136],{"class":61},[47,15390,708],{"class":632},[47,15392,13143],{"class":636},[47,15394,699],{"class":632},[47,15396,69],{"class":61},[47,15398,708],{"class":632},[47,15400,9563],{"class":636},[47,15402,699],{"class":632},[47,15404,136],{"class":61},[47,15406,8054],{"class":65},[47,15408,69],{"class":61},[47,15410,708],{"class":632},[47,15412,15343],{"class":636},[47,15414,699],{"class":632},[47,15416,136],{"class":61},[47,15418,4185],{"class":284},[47,15420,9573],{"class":61},[20,15422,15423],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[33,15425,15427],{"id":15426},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[138,15429,15430,15433,15436,15439],{},[141,15431,15432],{},"What a dictionary is",[141,15434,15435],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[141,15437,15438],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[141,15440,15441],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[33,15443,15432],{"id":15444},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15446,9393,15447,89],{},[4015,15448,9396],{},[138,15450,15451,15457],{},[141,15452,15453,15454,15456],{},"A ",[4015,15455,279],{}," is the label",[141,15458,15453,15459,15461],{},[4015,15460,2753],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15463,15464],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,15466,15468],{"className":40,"code":15467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15469,15470,15478,15494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15471,15472,15474,15476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15473,13126],{"class":53},[47,15475,58],{"class":57},[47,15477,11757],{"class":61},[47,15479,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15481,11762],{"class":632},[47,15483,7932],{"class":636},[47,15485,633],{"class":632},[47,15487,136],{"class":61},[47,15489,644],{"class":632},[47,15491,13143],{"class":636},[47,15493,1609],{"class":632},[47,15495,15496],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15497,9573],{"class":61},[138,15499,15500,15506],{},[141,15501,15502,15505],{},[15,15503,15504],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[141,15507,15508,15511],{},[15,15509,15510],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15513,15514],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[138,15516,15517,15519,15521,15524],{},[141,15518,7932],{},[141,15520,9563],{},[141,15522,15523],{},"email",[141,15525,15526],{},"country",[33,15528,15530],{"id":15529},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15532,15533],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15535,118,15536,15538,15539,89],{},[15,15537,4064],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15540,15541],{},"key: value",[38,15543,15545],{"className":40,"code":15544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15546,15547,15555,15573,15587,15604,15608,15612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15548,15549,15551,15553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15550,13126],{"class":53},[47,15552,58],{"class":57},[47,15554,11757],{"class":61},[47,15556,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15558,11762],{"class":632},[47,15560,7932],{"class":636},[47,15562,633],{"class":632},[47,15564,136],{"class":61},[47,15566,644],{"class":632},[47,15568,13143],{"class":636},[47,15570,633],{"class":632},[47,15572,11778],{"class":61},[47,15574,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15576,11762],{"class":632},[47,15578,9563],{"class":636},[47,15580,633],{"class":632},[47,15582,136],{"class":61},[47,15584,8054],{"class":65},[47,15586,11778],{"class":61},[47,15588,15589,15591,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,15590,11762],{"class":632},[47,15592,15593],{"class":636},"course",[47,15595,633],{"class":632},[47,15597,136],{"class":61},[47,15599,644],{"class":632},[47,15601,7561],{"class":636},[47,15603,1609],{"class":632},[47,15605,15606],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,15607,9573],{"class":61},[47,15609,15610],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,15611,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,15613,15614,15616,15618,15620],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,15615,103],{"class":102},[47,15617,106],{"class":61},[47,15619,13890],{"class":92},[47,15621,216],{"class":61},[20,15623,15624],{},[4015,15625,219],{},[38,15627,15629],{"className":40,"code":15628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15630,15631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15632,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15634,9542],{"class":61},[47,15636,699],{"class":632},[47,15638,7932],{"class":636},[47,15640,699],{"class":632},[47,15642,136],{"class":61},[47,15644,708],{"class":632},[47,15646,13143],{"class":636},[47,15648,699],{"class":632},[47,15650,69],{"class":61},[47,15652,708],{"class":632},[47,15654,9563],{"class":636},[47,15656,699],{"class":632},[47,15658,136],{"class":61},[47,15660,8054],{"class":65},[47,15662,69],{"class":61},[47,15664,708],{"class":632},[47,15666,15593],{"class":636},[47,15668,699],{"class":632},[47,15670,136],{"class":61},[47,15672,708],{"class":632},[47,15674,7561],{"class":636},[47,15676,699],{"class":632},[47,15678,9573],{"class":61},[1404,15680,15682],{"id":15681},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[138,15684,15685,15690,15695,15698],{},[141,15686,118,15687,15689],{},[15,15688,4064],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[141,15691,15692,15693],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15694,15541],{},[141,15696,15697],{},"Separate items with commas",[141,15699,15700],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15702,318],{},[38,15704,15706],{"className":40,"code":15705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15707,15708,15717,15737,15753,15766,15770,15774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15709,15710,15713,15715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15711,15712],{"class":53},"book ",[47,15714,58],{"class":57},[47,15716,11757],{"class":61},[47,15718,15719,15721,15724,15726,15728,15730,15733,15735],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15720,11762],{"class":632},[47,15722,15723],{"class":636},"title",[47,15725,633],{"class":632},[47,15727,136],{"class":61},[47,15729,644],{"class":632},[47,15731,15732],{"class":636},"Python Basics",[47,15734,633],{"class":632},[47,15736,11778],{"class":61},[47,15738,15739,15741,15744,15746,15748,15751],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15740,11762],{"class":632},[47,15742,15743],{"class":636},"pages",[47,15745,633],{"class":632},[47,15747,136],{"class":61},[47,15749,15750],{"class":65}," 150",[47,15752,11778],{"class":61},[47,15754,15755,15757,15760,15762,15764],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,15756,11762],{"class":632},[47,15758,15759],{"class":636},"available",[47,15761,633],{"class":632},[47,15763,136],{"class":61},[47,15765,6687],{"class":284},[47,15767,15768],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,15769,9573],{"class":61},[47,15771,15772],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,15773,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,15775,15776,15778,15780,15783],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,15777,103],{"class":102},[47,15779,106],{"class":61},[47,15781,15782],{"class":92},"book",[47,15784,216],{"class":61},[20,15786,15787],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[33,15789,9667],{"id":9666},[20,15791,15792],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15794,15795],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,15797,15799],{"className":40,"code":15798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15800,15801,15809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15802,15803,15805,15807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15804,9430],{"class":53},[47,15806,58],{"class":57},[47,15808,10103],{"class":61},[47,15810,15811,15813,15815,15817],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15812,103],{"class":102},[47,15814,106],{"class":61},[47,15816,9468],{"class":92},[47,15818,216],{"class":61},[38,15820,15821],{"className":40,"code":9670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15822,15823,15833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15824,15825,15827,15829,15831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15826,9430],{"class":53},[47,15828,58],{"class":57},[47,15830,9435],{"class":882},[47,15832,96],{"class":61},[47,15834,15835,15837,15839,15841],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15836,103],{"class":102},[47,15838,106],{"class":61},[47,15840,9468],{"class":92},[47,15842,216],{"class":61},[20,15844,15845],{},[4015,15846,219],{},[38,15848,15849],{"className":40,"code":9699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15850,15851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15852,15853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15854,9699],{"class":61},[20,15856,15857],{},"Both are correct.",[1404,15859,15861],{"id":15860},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15863,15864,15866,15867,15870],{},[15,15865,4064],{}," creates an empty ",[4015,15868,15869],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15872,15873,15874,89],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15875,4069],{},[38,15877,15879],{"className":40,"code":15878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15880,15881,15889,15901,15905,15919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15882,15883,15885,15887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15884,11989],{"class":53},[47,15886,58],{"class":57},[47,15888,10103],{"class":61},[47,15890,15891,15894,15896,15899],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15892,15893],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15895,58],{"class":57},[47,15897,15898],{"class":882}," set",[47,15900,96],{"class":61},[47,15902,15903],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,15904,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,15906,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,15908,103],{"class":102},[47,15910,106],{"class":61},[47,15912,1971],{"class":882},[47,15914,106],{"class":61},[47,15916,11713],{"class":92},[47,15918,1978],{"class":61},[47,15920,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15932],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,15922,103],{"class":102},[47,15924,106],{"class":61},[47,15926,1971],{"class":882},[47,15928,106],{"class":61},[47,15930,15931],{"class":92},"my_set",[47,15933,1978],{"class":61},[20,15935,15936],{},[4015,15937,219],{},[38,15939,15941],{"className":40,"code":15940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15942,15943,15957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15944,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15946,3568],{"class":57},[47,15948,3571],{"class":2348},[47,15950,708],{"class":632},[47,15952,9085],{"class":636},[47,15954,699],{"class":632},[47,15956,3580],{"class":57},[47,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,15960,3568],{"class":57},[47,15962,3571],{"class":2348},[47,15964,708],{"class":632},[47,15966,6551],{"class":636},[47,15968,699],{"class":632},[47,15970,3580],{"class":57},[33,15972,15974,15975],{"id":15973},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15976,9384],{},[20,15978,15979,15980,15982],{},"You can also use ",[15,15981,9384],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15984,15985],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,15987,15989],{"className":40,"code":15988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15990,15991,16031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15992,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16020,16022,16025,16027,16029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15994,13126],{"class":53},[47,15996,58],{"class":57},[47,15998,9435],{"class":882},[47,16000,106],{"class":61},[47,16002,7932],{"class":278},[47,16004,58],{"class":57},[47,16006,633],{"class":632},[47,16008,13143],{"class":636},[47,16010,633],{"class":632},[47,16012,69],{"class":61},[47,16014,9452],{"class":278},[47,16016,58],{"class":57},[47,16018,16019],{"class":65},"20",[47,16021,69],{"class":61},[47,16023,16024],{"class":278}," active",[47,16026,58],{"class":57},[47,16028,367],{"class":284},[47,16030,216],{"class":61},[47,16032,16033,16035,16037,16039],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16034,103],{"class":102},[47,16036,106],{"class":61},[47,16038,13890],{"class":92},[47,16040,216],{"class":61},[20,16042,16043],{},[4015,16044,219],{},[38,16046,16048],{"className":40,"code":16047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16049,16050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16051,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16087,16089,16091,16093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16053,9542],{"class":61},[47,16055,699],{"class":632},[47,16057,7932],{"class":636},[47,16059,699],{"class":632},[47,16061,136],{"class":61},[47,16063,708],{"class":632},[47,16065,13143],{"class":636},[47,16067,699],{"class":632},[47,16069,69],{"class":61},[47,16071,708],{"class":632},[47,16073,9563],{"class":636},[47,16075,699],{"class":632},[47,16077,136],{"class":61},[47,16079,8054],{"class":65},[47,16081,69],{"class":61},[47,16083,708],{"class":632},[47,16085,16086],{"class":636},"active",[47,16088,699],{"class":632},[47,16090,136],{"class":61},[47,16092,4185],{"class":284},[47,16094,9573],{"class":61},[20,16096,16097],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1404,16099,16101,16102],{"id":16100},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16103,9384],{},[20,16105,16106],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[138,16108,16109,16112],{},[141,16110,16111],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[141,16113,16114],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16116,6952],{},[38,16118,16120],{"className":40,"code":16119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16121,16122,16152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16123,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16125,11752],{"class":53},[47,16127,58],{"class":57},[47,16129,9435],{"class":882},[47,16131,106],{"class":61},[47,16133,7932],{"class":278},[47,16135,58],{"class":57},[47,16137,633],{"class":632},[47,16139,7941],{"class":636},[47,16141,633],{"class":632},[47,16143,69],{"class":61},[47,16145,9452],{"class":278},[47,16147,58],{"class":57},[47,16149,9457],{"class":65},[47,16151,216],{"class":61},[47,16153,16154,16156,16158,16160],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16155,103],{"class":102},[47,16157,106],{"class":61},[47,16159,11846],{"class":92},[47,16161,216],{"class":61},[20,16163,4893,16164,16166],{},[4015,16165,4896],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,16168,16170],{"className":40,"code":16169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16171,16172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16173,16174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16175,16169],{"class":114},[20,16177,16178],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16180,16181],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,16183,16185],{"className":40,"code":16184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16186,16187,16195,16211,16215,16219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16188,16189,16191,16193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16190,11752],{"class":53},[47,16192,58],{"class":57},[47,16194,11757],{"class":61},[47,16196,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16198,11762],{"class":632},[47,16200,10761],{"class":636},[47,16202,633],{"class":632},[47,16204,136],{"class":61},[47,16206,644],{"class":632},[47,16208,7941],{"class":636},[47,16210,1609],{"class":632},[47,16212,16213],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16214,9573],{"class":61},[47,16216,16217],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16218,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16220,16221,16223,16225,16227],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16222,103],{"class":102},[47,16224,106],{"class":61},[47,16226,11846],{"class":92},[47,16228,216],{"class":61},[33,16230,9709],{"id":9708},[20,16232,16233,16235],{},[15,16234,9384],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16237,16238],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,16240,16242],{"className":40,"code":16241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16243,16244,16301,16305,16319,16323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16245,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16297,16299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16247,9479],{"class":53},[47,16249,58],{"class":57},[47,16251,9484],{"class":61},[47,16253,633],{"class":632},[47,16255,7932],{"class":636},[47,16257,633],{"class":632},[47,16259,69],{"class":61},[47,16261,644],{"class":632},[47,16263,13143],{"class":636},[47,16265,633],{"class":632},[47,16267,9497],{"class":61},[47,16269,9500],{"class":61},[47,16271,633],{"class":632},[47,16273,9563],{"class":636},[47,16275,633],{"class":632},[47,16277,69],{"class":61},[47,16279,8054],{"class":65},[47,16281,9497],{"class":61},[47,16283,9500],{"class":61},[47,16285,633],{"class":632},[47,16287,10674],{"class":636},[47,16289,633],{"class":632},[47,16291,69],{"class":61},[47,16293,644],{"class":632},[47,16295,16296],{"class":636},"Lima",[47,16298,633],{"class":632},[47,16300,9513],{"class":61},[47,16302,16303],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16304,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16306,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16308,13126],{"class":53},[47,16310,58],{"class":57},[47,16312,9435],{"class":882},[47,16314,106],{"class":61},[47,16316,9526],{"class":92},[47,16318,216],{"class":61},[47,16320,16321],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16322,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16324,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16326,103],{"class":102},[47,16328,106],{"class":61},[47,16330,13890],{"class":92},[47,16332,216],{"class":61},[20,16334,16335],{},[4015,16336,219],{},[38,16338,16340],{"className":40,"code":16339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16341,16342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16343,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16345,9542],{"class":61},[47,16347,699],{"class":632},[47,16349,7932],{"class":636},[47,16351,699],{"class":632},[47,16353,136],{"class":61},[47,16355,708],{"class":632},[47,16357,13143],{"class":636},[47,16359,699],{"class":632},[47,16361,69],{"class":61},[47,16363,708],{"class":632},[47,16365,9563],{"class":636},[47,16367,699],{"class":632},[47,16369,136],{"class":61},[47,16371,8054],{"class":65},[47,16373,69],{"class":61},[47,16375,708],{"class":632},[47,16377,10674],{"class":636},[47,16379,699],{"class":632},[47,16381,136],{"class":61},[47,16383,708],{"class":632},[47,16385,16296],{"class":636},[47,16387,699],{"class":632},[47,16389,9573],{"class":61},[20,16391,16392],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,16394,16396],{"className":40,"code":16395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16397,16398,16439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16401,13126],{"class":53},[47,16403,58],{"class":57},[47,16405,9435],{"class":882},[47,16407,16408],{"class":61},"(((",[47,16410,633],{"class":632},[47,16412,7932],{"class":636},[47,16414,633],{"class":632},[47,16416,69],{"class":61},[47,16418,644],{"class":632},[47,16420,13143],{"class":636},[47,16422,633],{"class":632},[47,16424,9497],{"class":61},[47,16426,9500],{"class":61},[47,16428,633],{"class":632},[47,16430,9563],{"class":636},[47,16432,633],{"class":632},[47,16434,69],{"class":61},[47,16436,8054],{"class":65},[47,16438,3192],{"class":61},[47,16440,16441,16443,16445,16447],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16442,103],{"class":102},[47,16444,106],{"class":61},[47,16446,13890],{"class":92},[47,16448,216],{"class":61},[20,16450,16451],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[33,16453,16455],{"id":16454},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16457,16458],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[138,16460,16461,16464,16467,16470],{},[141,16462,16463],{},"Keys must be unique",[141,16465,16466],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[141,16468,16469],{},"Values can repeat",[141,16471,16472],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1404,16474,16476],{"id":16475},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,16478,16480],{"className":40,"code":16479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16481,16482,16490,16508,16525,16529,16533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16483,16484,16486,16488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16485,9430],{"class":53},[47,16487,58],{"class":57},[47,16489,11757],{"class":61},[47,16491,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16493,11762],{"class":632},[47,16495,7932],{"class":636},[47,16497,633],{"class":632},[47,16499,136],{"class":61},[47,16501,644],{"class":632},[47,16503,13143],{"class":636},[47,16505,633],{"class":632},[47,16507,11778],{"class":61},[47,16509,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16523],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16511,11762],{"class":632},[47,16513,7932],{"class":636},[47,16515,633],{"class":632},[47,16517,136],{"class":61},[47,16519,644],{"class":632},[47,16521,16522],{"class":636},"Maria",[47,16524,1609],{"class":632},[47,16526,16527],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16528,9573],{"class":61},[47,16530,16531],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16532,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16534,16535,16537,16539,16541],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,16536,103],{"class":102},[47,16538,106],{"class":61},[47,16540,9468],{"class":92},[47,16542,216],{"class":61},[20,16544,16545],{},[4015,16546,219],{},[38,16548,16550],{"className":40,"code":16549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16551,16552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16553,16554,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16555,9542],{"class":61},[47,16557,699],{"class":632},[47,16559,7932],{"class":636},[47,16561,699],{"class":632},[47,16563,136],{"class":61},[47,16565,708],{"class":632},[47,16567,16522],{"class":636},[47,16569,699],{"class":632},[47,16571,9573],{"class":61},[20,16573,16574],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1404,16576,16578],{"id":16577},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,16580,16582],{"className":40,"code":16581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16583,16584,16592,16608,16624,16638,16642,16646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16585,16586,16588,16590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16587,5329],{"class":53},[47,16589,58],{"class":57},[47,16591,11757],{"class":61},[47,16593,16594,16597,16599,16601,16604,16606],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16595,16596],{"class":65},"    1",[47,16598,136],{"class":61},[47,16600,644],{"class":632},[47,16602,16603],{"class":636},"low",[47,16605,633],{"class":632},[47,16607,11778],{"class":61},[47,16609,16610,16613,16615,16617,16620,16622],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16611,16612],{"class":65},"    2",[47,16614,136],{"class":61},[47,16616,644],{"class":632},[47,16618,16619],{"class":636},"medium",[47,16621,633],{"class":632},[47,16623,11778],{"class":61},[47,16625,16626,16629,16631,16633,16636],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16627,16628],{"class":65},"    3",[47,16630,136],{"class":61},[47,16632,644],{"class":632},[47,16634,16635],{"class":636},"high",[47,16637,1609],{"class":632},[47,16639,16640],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16641,9573],{"class":61},[47,16643,16644],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,16645,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16647,16648,16650,16652,16655],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,16649,103],{"class":102},[47,16651,106],{"class":61},[47,16653,16654],{"class":92},"scores",[47,16656,216],{"class":61},[1404,16658,16660],{"id":16659},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16662,16663],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16665,16666],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,16668,16670],{"className":40,"code":16669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16671,16672,16677,16682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16673,16674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16675,16676],{"class":114},"# bad = {\n",[47,16678,16679],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16680,16681],{"class":114},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,16683,16684],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16685,16686],{"class":114},"# }\n",[20,16688,16689],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,16691,16693],{"className":40,"code":16692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16694,16695,16704,16724,16728,16732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16696,16697,16700,16702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16698,16699],{"class":53},"good ",[47,16701,58],{"class":57},[47,16703,11757],{"class":61},[47,16705,16706,16709,16711,16713,16715,16718,16720,16722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16707,16708],{"class":61},"    (",[47,16710,232],{"class":65},[47,16712,69],{"class":61},[47,16714,77],{"class":65},[47,16716,16717],{"class":61},"):",[47,16719,644],{"class":632},[47,16721,86],{"class":636},[47,16723,1609],{"class":632},[47,16725,16726],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16727,9573],{"class":61},[47,16729,16730],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16731,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16733,16734,16736,16738,16741],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16735,103],{"class":102},[47,16737,106],{"class":61},[47,16739,16740],{"class":92},"good",[47,16742,216],{"class":61},[33,16744,16746],{"id":16745},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16748,16749],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16751,16752],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[138,16754,16755,16758,16760,16763],{},[141,16756,16757],{},"user data",[141,16759,14149],{},[141,16761,16762],{},"counters",[141,16764,16765],{},"lookups",[20,16767,318],{},[38,16769,16771],{"className":40,"code":16770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16772,16773,16781,16800,16819,16831,16835,16839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16774,16775,16777,16779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16776,11752],{"class":53},[47,16778,58],{"class":57},[47,16780,11757],{"class":61},[47,16782,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16796,16798],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16784,11762],{"class":632},[47,16786,8249],{"class":636},[47,16788,633],{"class":632},[47,16790,136],{"class":61},[47,16792,644],{"class":632},[47,16794,16795],{"class":636},"ana123",[47,16797,633],{"class":632},[47,16799,11778],{"class":61},[47,16801,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16815,16817],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,16803,11762],{"class":632},[47,16805,15523],{"class":636},[47,16807,633],{"class":632},[47,16809,136],{"class":61},[47,16811,644],{"class":632},[47,16813,16814],{"class":636},"ana@example.com",[47,16816,633],{"class":632},[47,16818,11778],{"class":61},[47,16820,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,16822,11762],{"class":632},[47,16824,12778],{"class":636},[47,16826,633],{"class":632},[47,16828,136],{"class":61},[47,16830,6687],{"class":284},[47,16832,16833],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,16834,9573],{"class":61},[47,16836,16837],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,16838,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,16840,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,16842,103],{"class":102},[47,16844,106],{"class":61},[47,16846,11846],{"class":92},[47,16848,229],{"class":61},[47,16850,633],{"class":632},[47,16852,15523],{"class":636},[47,16854,633],{"class":632},[47,16856,2040],{"class":61},[20,16858,16859,16860,89],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[252,16861,16863],{"href":16862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16865,16866],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[138,16868,16869,16872,16875],{},[141,16870,16871],{},"labels are not needed",[141,16873,16874],{},"you mostly care about position",[141,16876,16877],{},"order matters more than named fields",[33,16879,1397],{"id":1396},[20,16881,16882],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[138,16884,16885,16888,16891,16894,16897],{},[141,16886,16887],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[141,16889,16890],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[141,16892,16893],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[141,16895,16896],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[141,16898,16899,16900,16902],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16901,4064],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1404,16904,16906],{"id":16905},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16908,1590],{},[38,16910,16912],{"className":40,"code":16911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16913,16914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16915,16916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16917,16911],{"class":114},[20,16919,16920],{},"Correct:",[38,16922,16924],{"className":40,"code":16923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16925,16926,16950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16927,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16929,13126],{"class":53},[47,16931,58],{"class":57},[47,16933,10756],{"class":61},[47,16935,633],{"class":632},[47,16937,7932],{"class":636},[47,16939,633],{"class":632},[47,16941,136],{"class":61},[47,16943,644],{"class":632},[47,16945,13143],{"class":636},[47,16947,633],{"class":632},[47,16949,9573],{"class":61},[47,16951,16952,16954,16956,16958],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,16953,103],{"class":102},[47,16955,106],{"class":61},[47,16957,13890],{"class":92},[47,16959,216],{"class":61},[1404,16961,16963],{"id":16962},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16965,1590],{},[38,16967,16969],{"className":40,"code":16968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16970,16971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16972,16973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16974,16968],{"class":114},[20,16976,16977,16978,16980,16981,16983],{},"This only works if ",[15,16979,7932],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16982,15504],{},", use quotes.",[20,16985,16920],{},[38,16987,16988],{"className":40,"code":16923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16989,16990,17014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16991,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16993,13126],{"class":53},[47,16995,58],{"class":57},[47,16997,10756],{"class":61},[47,16999,633],{"class":632},[47,17001,7932],{"class":636},[47,17003,633],{"class":632},[47,17005,136],{"class":61},[47,17007,644],{"class":632},[47,17009,13143],{"class":636},[47,17011,633],{"class":632},[47,17013,9573],{"class":61},[47,17015,17016,17018,17020,17022],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17017,103],{"class":102},[47,17019,106],{"class":61},[47,17021,13890],{"class":92},[47,17023,216],{"class":61},[1404,17025,17027],{"id":17026},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,17029,17031],{"className":40,"code":17030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17032,17033,17065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17034,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17036,9430],{"class":53},[47,17038,58],{"class":57},[47,17040,10756],{"class":61},[47,17042,633],{"class":632},[47,17044,9563],{"class":636},[47,17046,633],{"class":632},[47,17048,136],{"class":61},[47,17050,8054],{"class":65},[47,17052,69],{"class":61},[47,17054,644],{"class":632},[47,17056,9563],{"class":636},[47,17058,633],{"class":632},[47,17060,136],{"class":61},[47,17062,8059],{"class":65},[47,17064,9573],{"class":61},[47,17066,17067,17069,17071,17073],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17068,103],{"class":102},[47,17070,106],{"class":61},[47,17072,9468],{"class":92},[47,17074,216],{"class":61},[20,17076,17077],{},[4015,17078,219],{},[38,17080,17082],{"className":40,"code":17081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17083,17084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17085,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17087,9542],{"class":61},[47,17089,699],{"class":632},[47,17091,9563],{"class":636},[47,17093,699],{"class":632},[47,17095,136],{"class":61},[47,17097,8059],{"class":65},[47,17099,9573],{"class":61},[33,17101,17103],{"id":17102},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17105,17106],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,17108,17110],{"className":40,"code":17109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17111,17112,17148,17152,17162,17176,17191,17205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17113,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17115,11989],{"class":53},[47,17117,58],{"class":57},[47,17119,10756],{"class":61},[47,17121,633],{"class":632},[47,17123,7932],{"class":636},[47,17125,633],{"class":632},[47,17127,136],{"class":61},[47,17129,644],{"class":632},[47,17131,13143],{"class":636},[47,17133,633],{"class":632},[47,17135,69],{"class":61},[47,17137,644],{"class":632},[47,17139,9563],{"class":636},[47,17141,633],{"class":632},[47,17143,136],{"class":61},[47,17145,8054],{"class":65},[47,17147,9573],{"class":61},[47,17149,17150],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17151,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,17153,17154,17156,17158,17160],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,17155,103],{"class":102},[47,17157,106],{"class":61},[47,17159,11713],{"class":92},[47,17161,216],{"class":61},[47,17163,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,17165,103],{"class":102},[47,17167,106],{"class":61},[47,17169,1971],{"class":882},[47,17171,106],{"class":61},[47,17173,11713],{"class":92},[47,17175,1978],{"class":61},[47,17177,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17189],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,17179,103],{"class":102},[47,17181,106],{"class":61},[47,17183,11713],{"class":92},[47,17185,89],{"class":61},[47,17187,17188],{"class":92},"keys",[47,17190,1993],{"class":61},[47,17192,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,17194,103],{"class":102},[47,17196,106],{"class":61},[47,17198,11713],{"class":92},[47,17200,89],{"class":61},[47,17202,5625],{"class":92},[47,17204,1993],{"class":61},[47,17206,17207,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,17208,103],{"class":102},[47,17210,106],{"class":61},[47,17212,969],{"class":102},[47,17214,106],{"class":61},[47,17216,11713],{"class":92},[47,17218,1978],{"class":61},[20,17220,17221],{},[4015,17222,17223],{},"Example output:",[38,17225,17227],{"className":40,"code":17226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17228,17229,17261,17275,17298,17317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17230,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17232,9542],{"class":61},[47,17234,699],{"class":632},[47,17236,7932],{"class":636},[47,17238,699],{"class":632},[47,17240,136],{"class":61},[47,17242,708],{"class":632},[47,17244,13143],{"class":636},[47,17246,699],{"class":632},[47,17248,69],{"class":61},[47,17250,708],{"class":632},[47,17252,9563],{"class":636},[47,17254,699],{"class":632},[47,17256,136],{"class":61},[47,17258,8054],{"class":65},[47,17260,9573],{"class":61},[47,17262,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17264,3568],{"class":57},[47,17266,3571],{"class":2348},[47,17268,708],{"class":632},[47,17270,9085],{"class":636},[47,17272,699],{"class":632},[47,17274,3580],{"class":57},[47,17276,17277,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,17278,17279],{"class":92},"dict_keys",[47,17281,2015],{"class":61},[47,17283,699],{"class":632},[47,17285,7932],{"class":636},[47,17287,699],{"class":632},[47,17289,69],{"class":61},[47,17291,708],{"class":632},[47,17293,9563],{"class":636},[47,17295,699],{"class":632},[47,17297,2040],{"class":61},[47,17299,17300,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,17301,17302],{"class":92},"dict_values",[47,17304,2015],{"class":61},[47,17306,699],{"class":632},[47,17308,13143],{"class":636},[47,17310,699],{"class":632},[47,17312,69],{"class":61},[47,17314,8054],{"class":65},[47,17316,2040],{"class":61},[47,17318,17319],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,17320,17321],{"class":65},"2\n",[20,17323,17324,17325,2472,17331,17337,17338,89],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[252,17326,11002,17328],{"href":17327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17329,17330],{},"keys()",[252,17332,11002,17334],{"href":17333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17335,17336],{},"values()",", and ",[252,17339,11002,17341],{"href":17340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17342,17343],{},"items()",[33,17345,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,17347,17349],{"id":17348},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17351,118,17352,3158,17354,17356],{},[15,17353,4064],{},[15,17355,9384],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1404,17358,17360],{"id":17359},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17362,17363,17364,89],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17365,17366],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1404,17368,17370],{"id":17369},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17372,17373],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1404,17375,17377],{"id":17376},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17379,17380],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1404,17382,2094,17384,1233,17386,2099],{"id":17383},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17385,4064],{},[15,17387,9384],{},[20,17389,17390,17392,17393,17395],{},[15,17391,4064],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17394,9384],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[33,17397,2187],{"id":2186},[138,17399,17400,17404,17410,17414,17420],{},[141,17401,17402],{},[252,17403,9420],{"href":9419},[141,17405,17406],{},[252,17407,11002,17408,11006],{"href":11001},[15,17409,11005],{},[141,17411,17412],{},[252,17413,11516],{"href":10996},[141,17415,17416],{},[252,17417,17419],{"href":17418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[141,17421,17422],{},[252,17423,11527],{"href":11340},[20,17425,17426],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2210,17428,17429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":17431},[17432,17433,17434,17435,17438,17441,17446,17447,17452,17453,17458,17459,17467],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":15444,"depth":83,"text":15432},{"id":15529,"depth":83,"text":15530,"children":17436},[17437],{"id":15681,"depth":99,"text":15682},{"id":9666,"depth":83,"text":9667,"children":17439},[17440],{"id":15860,"depth":99,"text":15861},{"id":15973,"depth":83,"text":17442,"children":17443},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17444],{"id":16100,"depth":99,"text":17445},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9708,"depth":83,"text":9709},{"id":16454,"depth":83,"text":16455,"children":17448},[17449,17450,17451],{"id":16475,"depth":99,"text":16476},{"id":16577,"depth":99,"text":16578},{"id":16659,"depth":99,"text":16660},{"id":16745,"depth":83,"text":16746},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":17454},[17455,17456,17457],{"id":16905,"depth":99,"text":16906},{"id":16962,"depth":99,"text":16963},{"id":17026,"depth":99,"text":17027},{"id":17102,"depth":83,"text":17103},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":17460},[17461,17462,17463,17464,17465],{"id":17348,"depth":99,"text":17349},{"id":17359,"depth":99,"text":17360},{"id":17369,"depth":99,"text":17370},{"id":17376,"depth":99,"text":17377},{"id":17383,"depth":99,"text":17466},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15269,"description":17468},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17474,"title":17475,"body":17476,"description":19925,"extension":2248,"meta":19926,"navigation":203,"path":19927,"seo":19928,"stem":19929,"__hash__":19930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17477,"toc":19881},[17478,17484,17490,17493,17496,17498,17580,17586,17591,17595,17613,17625,17630,17634,17657,17661,17673,17681,17685,17691,17693,17696,17771,17773,17818,17820,17837,17842,17848,17853,17927,17929,17974,17977,17988,17990,18108,18110,18163,18170,18174,18177,18194,18200,18204,18302,18304,18356,18363,18367,18373,18376,18379,18406,18411,18415,18418,18522,18524,18569,18572,18575,18580,18585,18596,18598,18659,18719,18725,18733,18739,18744,18749,18809,18813,18880,18883,18887,18958,18960,18973,18980,18982,18986,18990,19061,19063,19100,19103,19106,19169,19176,19179,19221,19231,19234,19303,19309,19314,19398,19400,19449,19456,19462,19507,19509,19542,19547,19551,19557,19596,19640,19708,19751,19753,19759,19762,19766,19771,19775,19778,19782,19784,19845,19847,19873,19878],[10,17479,11583,17481,18],{"id":17480},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17482,17483],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17485,17486,17489],{},[15,17487,17488],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17491,17492],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17494,17495],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[33,17497,36],{"id":35},[38,17499,17501],{"className":40,"code":17500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17502,17503,17536,17564,17575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17504,17505,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17506,17507],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,17509,58],{"class":57},[47,17511,62],{"class":61},[47,17513,633],{"class":632},[47,17515,7932],{"class":636},[47,17517,633],{"class":632},[47,17519,69],{"class":61},[47,17521,644],{"class":632},[47,17523,9563],{"class":636},[47,17525,633],{"class":632},[47,17527,69],{"class":61},[47,17529,644],{"class":632},[47,17531,10674],{"class":636},[47,17533,633],{"class":632},[47,17535,80],{"class":61},[47,17537,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17560,17562],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17539,13468],{"class":53},[47,17541,58],{"class":57},[47,17543,9435],{"class":882},[47,17545,89],{"class":61},[47,17547,17548],{"class":92},"fromkeys",[47,17550,106],{"class":61},[47,17552,17188],{"class":92},[47,17554,69],{"class":61},[47,17556,644],{"class":632},[47,17558,17559],{"class":636},"unknown",[47,17561,633],{"class":632},[47,17563,216],{"class":61},[47,17565,17566,17568,17570,17573],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,17567,103],{"class":102},[47,17569,106],{"class":61},[47,17571,17572],{"class":92},"person",[47,17574,216],{"class":61},[47,17576,17577],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,17578,17579],{"class":114},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17581,118,17582,17585],{},[15,17583,17584],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[33,17587,128,17589,131],{"id":17588},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17590,17488],{},[20,17592,17593,136],{},[15,17594,17488],{},[138,17596,17597,17600,17603,17606],{},[141,17598,17599],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[141,17601,17602],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[141,17604,17605],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[141,17607,17608,17609,17612],{},"Is called as ",[15,17610,17611],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17614,17615,17616,17618,17619,17621,17622,89],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17617,9085],{},", so you write ",[15,17620,17611],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17623,17624],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17626,17627,17628,89],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[252,17629,9420],{"href":13286},[33,17631,17633],{"id":17632},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,17635,17637],{"className":40,"code":17636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17638,17639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17640,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17642,9085],{"class":882},[47,17644,89],{"class":61},[47,17646,17548],{"class":92},[47,17648,106],{"class":61},[47,17650,3992],{"class":92},[47,17652,69],{"class":61},[47,17654,8697],{"class":92},[47,17656,216],{"class":61},[1404,17658,17660],{"id":17659},"parameters","Parameters",[138,17662,17663,17668],{},[141,17664,17665,17667],{},[15,17666,3992],{},": the keys to use",[141,17669,17670,17672],{},[15,17671,2753],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17674,17675,17676,17678,17679,89],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17677,2753],{},", each key gets ",[15,17680,124],{},[1404,17682,17684],{"id":17683},"return-value","Return value",[20,17686,17687,17688,89],{},"It returns a ",[4015,17689,17690],{},"new dictionary",[33,17692,6053],{"id":6052},[20,17694,17695],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,17697,17699],{"className":40,"code":17698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17700,17701,17734,17756,17760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17702,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17704,17507],{"class":53},[47,17706,58],{"class":57},[47,17708,62],{"class":61},[47,17710,633],{"class":632},[47,17712,13356],{"class":636},[47,17714,633],{"class":632},[47,17716,69],{"class":61},[47,17718,644],{"class":632},[47,17720,17721],{"class":636},"green",[47,17723,633],{"class":632},[47,17725,69],{"class":61},[47,17727,644],{"class":632},[47,17729,13373],{"class":636},[47,17731,633],{"class":632},[47,17733,80],{"class":61},[47,17735,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17737,13339],{"class":53},[47,17739,58],{"class":57},[47,17741,9435],{"class":882},[47,17743,89],{"class":61},[47,17745,17548],{"class":92},[47,17747,106],{"class":61},[47,17749,17188],{"class":92},[47,17751,69],{"class":61},[47,17753,4106],{"class":65},[47,17755,216],{"class":61},[47,17757,17758],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,17759,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,17761,17762,17764,17766,17769],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,17763,103],{"class":102},[47,17765,106],{"class":61},[47,17767,17768],{"class":92},"colors",[47,17770,216],{"class":61},[20,17772,219],{},[38,17774,17776],{"className":40,"code":17775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17777,17778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17779,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17781,9542],{"class":61},[47,17783,699],{"class":632},[47,17785,13356],{"class":636},[47,17787,699],{"class":632},[47,17789,136],{"class":61},[47,17791,4106],{"class":65},[47,17793,69],{"class":61},[47,17795,708],{"class":632},[47,17797,17721],{"class":636},[47,17799,699],{"class":632},[47,17801,136],{"class":61},[47,17803,4106],{"class":65},[47,17805,69],{"class":61},[47,17807,708],{"class":632},[47,17809,13373],{"class":636},[47,17811,699],{"class":632},[47,17813,136],{"class":61},[47,17815,4106],{"class":65},[47,17817,9573],{"class":61},[20,17819,11948],{},[138,17821,17822,17827,17832],{},[141,17823,17824,17826],{},[15,17825,17188],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[141,17828,17829,17831],{},[15,17830,2403],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[141,17833,17834,17836],{},[15,17835,17488],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17838,17839,17840,89],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[252,17841,9656],{"href":13289},[33,17843,8681,17845,17847],{"id":17844},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17846,17483],{}," without a value",[20,17849,17850,17851,89],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17852,124],{},[38,17854,17856],{"className":40,"code":17855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17857,17858,17892,17912,17916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17859,17860,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17888,17890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17861,17862],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17864,58],{"class":57},[47,17866,62],{"class":61},[47,17868,633],{"class":632},[47,17870,8249],{"class":636},[47,17872,633],{"class":632},[47,17874,69],{"class":61},[47,17876,644],{"class":632},[47,17878,15523],{"class":636},[47,17880,633],{"class":632},[47,17882,69],{"class":61},[47,17884,644],{"class":632},[47,17886,17887],{"class":636},"password",[47,17889,633],{"class":632},[47,17891,80],{"class":61},[47,17893,17894,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17910],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,17895,17896],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17898,58],{"class":57},[47,17900,9435],{"class":882},[47,17902,89],{"class":61},[47,17904,17548],{"class":92},[47,17906,106],{"class":61},[47,17908,17909],{"class":92},"fields",[47,17911,216],{"class":61},[47,17913,17914],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,17915,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,17917,17918,17920,17922,17925],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,17919,103],{"class":102},[47,17921,106],{"class":61},[47,17923,17924],{"class":92},"user_data",[47,17926,216],{"class":61},[20,17928,219],{},[38,17930,17932],{"className":40,"code":17931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17933,17934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17935,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17937,9542],{"class":61},[47,17939,699],{"class":632},[47,17941,8249],{"class":636},[47,17943,699],{"class":632},[47,17945,136],{"class":61},[47,17947,4125],{"class":284},[47,17949,69],{"class":61},[47,17951,708],{"class":632},[47,17953,15523],{"class":636},[47,17955,699],{"class":632},[47,17957,136],{"class":61},[47,17959,4125],{"class":284},[47,17961,69],{"class":61},[47,17963,708],{"class":632},[47,17965,17887],{"class":636},[47,17967,699],{"class":632},[47,17969,136],{"class":61},[47,17971,4125],{"class":284},[47,17973,9573],{"class":61},[20,17975,17976],{},"This is useful when:",[138,17978,17979,17982,17985],{},[141,17980,17981],{},"You want to create the keys first",[141,17983,17984],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[141,17986,17987],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17989,318],{},[38,17991,17993],{"className":40,"code":17992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17994,17995,18027,18045,18049,18071,18094,18098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17996,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17998,17862],{"class":53},[47,18000,58],{"class":57},[47,18002,62],{"class":61},[47,18004,633],{"class":632},[47,18006,8249],{"class":636},[47,18008,633],{"class":632},[47,18010,69],{"class":61},[47,18012,644],{"class":632},[47,18014,15523],{"class":636},[47,18016,633],{"class":632},[47,18018,69],{"class":61},[47,18020,644],{"class":632},[47,18022,17887],{"class":636},[47,18024,633],{"class":632},[47,18026,80],{"class":61},[47,18028,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18030,17896],{"class":53},[47,18032,58],{"class":57},[47,18034,9435],{"class":882},[47,18036,89],{"class":61},[47,18038,17548],{"class":92},[47,18040,106],{"class":61},[47,18042,17909],{"class":92},[47,18044,216],{"class":61},[47,18046,18047],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,18048,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18050,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,18052,17924],{"class":53},[47,18054,229],{"class":61},[47,18056,633],{"class":632},[47,18058,8249],{"class":636},[47,18060,633],{"class":632},[47,18062,13537],{"class":61},[47,18064,13540],{"class":57},[47,18066,644],{"class":632},[47,18068,1130],{"class":636},[47,18070,1609],{"class":632},[47,18072,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18092],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,18074,17924],{"class":53},[47,18076,229],{"class":61},[47,18078,633],{"class":632},[47,18080,15523],{"class":636},[47,18082,633],{"class":632},[47,18084,13537],{"class":61},[47,18086,13540],{"class":57},[47,18088,644],{"class":632},[47,18090,18091],{"class":636},"alice@example.com",[47,18093,1609],{"class":632},[47,18095,18096],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,18097,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18099,18100,18102,18104,18106],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,18101,103],{"class":102},[47,18103,106],{"class":61},[47,18105,17924],{"class":92},[47,18107,216],{"class":61},[20,18109,219],{},[38,18111,18113],{"className":40,"code":18112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18114,18115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18116,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18118,9542],{"class":61},[47,18120,699],{"class":632},[47,18122,8249],{"class":636},[47,18124,699],{"class":632},[47,18126,136],{"class":61},[47,18128,708],{"class":632},[47,18130,1130],{"class":636},[47,18132,699],{"class":632},[47,18134,69],{"class":61},[47,18136,708],{"class":632},[47,18138,15523],{"class":636},[47,18140,699],{"class":632},[47,18142,136],{"class":61},[47,18144,708],{"class":632},[47,18146,18091],{"class":636},[47,18148,699],{"class":632},[47,18150,69],{"class":61},[47,18152,708],{"class":632},[47,18154,17887],{"class":636},[47,18156,699],{"class":632},[47,18158,136],{"class":61},[47,18160,4125],{"class":284},[47,18162,9573],{"class":61},[20,18164,18165,18166,89],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[252,18167,18169],{"href":18168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,18171,18173],{"id":18172},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18175,18176],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[138,18178,18179,18184,18189],{},[141,18180,18181,18183],{},[15,18182,4059],{}," (list)",[141,18185,18186,18188],{},[15,18187,4064],{}," (dictionary)",[141,18190,18191,18193],{},[15,18192,4069],{}," (set)",[20,18195,18196,18197,89],{},"All keys will point to the ",[4015,18198,18199],{},"same object",[1404,18201,18203],{"id":18202},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,18205,18207],{"className":40,"code":18206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18208,18209,18241,18262,18266,18288,18292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18210,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18212,17507],{"class":53},[47,18214,58],{"class":57},[47,18216,62],{"class":61},[47,18218,633],{"class":632},[47,18220,252],{"class":636},[47,18222,633],{"class":632},[47,18224,69],{"class":61},[47,18226,644],{"class":632},[47,18228,5026],{"class":636},[47,18230,633],{"class":632},[47,18232,69],{"class":61},[47,18234,644],{"class":632},[47,18236,10004],{"class":636},[47,18238,633],{"class":632},[47,18240,80],{"class":61},[47,18242,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18244,9430],{"class":53},[47,18246,58],{"class":57},[47,18248,9435],{"class":882},[47,18250,89],{"class":61},[47,18252,17548],{"class":92},[47,18254,106],{"class":61},[47,18256,17188],{"class":92},[47,18258,69],{"class":61},[47,18260,18261],{"class":61}," [])\n",[47,18263,18264],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,18265,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18267,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,18269,9468],{"class":53},[47,18271,229],{"class":61},[47,18273,633],{"class":632},[47,18275,252],{"class":636},[47,18277,633],{"class":632},[47,18279,13814],{"class":61},[47,18281,13817],{"class":92},[47,18283,106],{"class":61},[47,18285,232],{"class":65},[47,18287,216],{"class":61},[47,18289,18290],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,18291,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18293,18294,18296,18298,18300],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,18295,103],{"class":102},[47,18297,106],{"class":61},[47,18299,9468],{"class":92},[47,18301,216],{"class":61},[20,18303,219],{},[38,18305,18307],{"className":40,"code":18306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18308,18309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18310,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18312,9542],{"class":61},[47,18314,699],{"class":632},[47,18316,252],{"class":636},[47,18318,699],{"class":632},[47,18320,136],{"class":61},[47,18322,62],{"class":61},[47,18324,232],{"class":65},[47,18326,18327],{"class":61},"],",[47,18329,708],{"class":632},[47,18331,5026],{"class":636},[47,18333,699],{"class":632},[47,18335,136],{"class":61},[47,18337,62],{"class":61},[47,18339,232],{"class":65},[47,18341,18327],{"class":61},[47,18343,708],{"class":632},[47,18345,10004],{"class":636},[47,18347,699],{"class":632},[47,18349,136],{"class":61},[47,18351,62],{"class":61},[47,18353,232],{"class":65},[47,18355,13970],{"class":61},[20,18357,18358,18359,18362],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18360,18361],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1404,18364,18366],{"id":18365},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18368,18369,18372],{},[15,18370,18371],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18374,18375],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18377,18378],{},"So this:",[38,18380,18382],{"className":40,"code":18381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18383,18384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18387,9468],{"class":53},[47,18389,229],{"class":61},[47,18391,633],{"class":632},[47,18393,252],{"class":636},[47,18395,633],{"class":632},[47,18397,13814],{"class":61},[47,18399,13817],{"class":92},[47,18401,106],{"class":61},[47,18403,232],{"class":65},[47,18405,216],{"class":61},[20,18407,18408,18409,89],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18410,18361],{},[1404,18412,18414],{"id":18413},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18416,18417],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,18419,18421],{"className":40,"code":18420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18422,18423,18455,18482,18486,18508,18512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18424,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18426,17507],{"class":53},[47,18428,58],{"class":57},[47,18430,62],{"class":61},[47,18432,633],{"class":632},[47,18434,252],{"class":636},[47,18436,633],{"class":632},[47,18438,69],{"class":61},[47,18440,644],{"class":632},[47,18442,5026],{"class":636},[47,18444,633],{"class":632},[47,18446,69],{"class":61},[47,18448,644],{"class":632},[47,18450,10004],{"class":636},[47,18452,633],{"class":632},[47,18454,80],{"class":61},[47,18456,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18470,18472,18475,18477,18480],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18458,9430],{"class":53},[47,18460,58],{"class":57},[47,18462,10756],{"class":61},[47,18464,279],{"class":53},[47,18466,136],{"class":61},[47,18468,18469],{"class":61}," []",[47,18471,2028],{"class":2027},[47,18473,18474],{"class":53}," key ",[47,18476,2034],{"class":2027},[47,18478,18479],{"class":53}," keys",[47,18481,9573],{"class":61},[47,18483,18484],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,18485,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18487,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,18489,9468],{"class":53},[47,18491,229],{"class":61},[47,18493,633],{"class":632},[47,18495,252],{"class":636},[47,18497,633],{"class":632},[47,18499,13814],{"class":61},[47,18501,13817],{"class":92},[47,18503,106],{"class":61},[47,18505,232],{"class":65},[47,18507,216],{"class":61},[47,18509,18510],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,18511,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,18513,18514,18516,18518,18520],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,18515,103],{"class":102},[47,18517,106],{"class":61},[47,18519,9468],{"class":92},[47,18521,216],{"class":61},[20,18523,219],{},[38,18525,18527],{"className":40,"code":18526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18528,18529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18530,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18532,9542],{"class":61},[47,18534,699],{"class":632},[47,18536,252],{"class":636},[47,18538,699],{"class":632},[47,18540,136],{"class":61},[47,18542,62],{"class":61},[47,18544,232],{"class":65},[47,18546,18327],{"class":61},[47,18548,708],{"class":632},[47,18550,5026],{"class":636},[47,18552,699],{"class":632},[47,18554,136],{"class":61},[47,18556,18557],{"class":61}," [],",[47,18559,708],{"class":632},[47,18561,10004],{"class":636},[47,18563,699],{"class":632},[47,18565,136],{"class":61},[47,18567,18568],{"class":61}," []}\n",[20,18570,18571],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18573,18574],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[33,18576,5227,18578],{"id":18577},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18579,17483],{},[20,18581,18582,18584],{},[15,18583,17488],{}," is a good choice when:",[138,18586,18587,18590,18593],{},[141,18588,18589],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[141,18591,18592],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[141,18594,18595],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18597,2409],{},[38,18599,18601],{"className":40,"code":18600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18602,18603,18648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18604,18605,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18640,18642,18644,18646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18606,18607],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,18609,58],{"class":57},[47,18611,9435],{"class":882},[47,18613,89],{"class":61},[47,18615,17548],{"class":92},[47,18617,2015],{"class":61},[47,18619,633],{"class":632},[47,18621,18622],{"class":636},"is_admin",[47,18624,633],{"class":632},[47,18626,69],{"class":61},[47,18628,644],{"class":632},[47,18630,15343],{"class":636},[47,18632,633],{"class":632},[47,18634,69],{"class":61},[47,18636,644],{"class":632},[47,18638,18639],{"class":636},"is_verified",[47,18641,633],{"class":632},[47,18643,18327],{"class":61},[47,18645,4176],{"class":284},[47,18647,216],{"class":61},[47,18649,18650,18652,18654,18657],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18651,103],{"class":102},[47,18653,106],{"class":61},[47,18655,18656],{"class":92},"flags",[47,18658,216],{"class":61},[38,18660,18662],{"className":40,"code":18661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18663,18664,18709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18665,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18683,18685,18687,18689,18692,18694,18696,18698,18701,18703,18705,18707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18667,5329],{"class":53},[47,18669,58],{"class":57},[47,18671,9435],{"class":882},[47,18673,89],{"class":61},[47,18675,17548],{"class":92},[47,18677,2015],{"class":61},[47,18679,633],{"class":632},[47,18681,18682],{"class":636},"math",[47,18684,633],{"class":632},[47,18686,69],{"class":61},[47,18688,644],{"class":632},[47,18690,18691],{"class":636},"science",[47,18693,633],{"class":632},[47,18695,69],{"class":61},[47,18697,644],{"class":632},[47,18699,18700],{"class":636},"history",[47,18702,633],{"class":632},[47,18704,18327],{"class":61},[47,18706,4106],{"class":65},[47,18708,216],{"class":61},[47,18710,18711,18713,18715,18717],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18712,103],{"class":102},[47,18714,106],{"class":61},[47,18716,16654],{"class":92},[47,18718,216],{"class":61},[20,18720,18721,18722,18724],{},"It is ",[4015,18723,4896],{}," the best choice when:",[138,18726,18727,18730],{},[141,18728,18729],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[141,18731,18732],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[33,18734,18736,18738],{"id":18735},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18737,17483],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18740,18741,18743],{},[15,18742,17483],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1404,18745,8681,18747],{"id":18746},"using-fromkeys",[15,18748,17483],{},[38,18750,18752],{"className":40,"code":18751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18753,18754,18799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18755,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18773,18775,18777,18779,18782,18784,18786,18788,18791,18793,18795,18797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18757,14090],{"class":53},[47,18759,58],{"class":57},[47,18761,9435],{"class":882},[47,18763,89],{"class":61},[47,18765,17548],{"class":92},[47,18767,2015],{"class":61},[47,18769,633],{"class":632},[47,18771,18772],{"class":636},"sound",[47,18774,633],{"class":632},[47,18776,69],{"class":61},[47,18778,644],{"class":632},[47,18780,18781],{"class":636},"music",[47,18783,633],{"class":632},[47,18785,69],{"class":61},[47,18787,644],{"class":632},[47,18789,18790],{"class":636},"notifications",[47,18792,633],{"class":632},[47,18794,18327],{"class":61},[47,18796,4185],{"class":284},[47,18798,216],{"class":61},[47,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18802,103],{"class":102},[47,18804,106],{"class":61},[47,18806,14149],{"class":92},[47,18808,216],{"class":61},[1404,18810,18812],{"id":18811},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,18814,18816],{"className":40,"code":18815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18817,18818,18826,18840,18854,18866,18870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18819,18820,18822,18824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18821,14090],{"class":53},[47,18823,58],{"class":57},[47,18825,11757],{"class":61},[47,18827,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18829,11762],{"class":632},[47,18831,18772],{"class":636},[47,18833,633],{"class":632},[47,18835,136],{"class":61},[47,18837,4185],{"class":284},[47,18839,11778],{"class":61},[47,18841,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,18843,11762],{"class":632},[47,18845,18781],{"class":636},[47,18847,633],{"class":632},[47,18849,136],{"class":61},[47,18851,4176],{"class":284},[47,18853,11778],{"class":61},[47,18855,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,18857,11762],{"class":632},[47,18859,18790],{"class":636},[47,18861,633],{"class":632},[47,18863,136],{"class":61},[47,18865,6687],{"class":284},[47,18867,18868],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,18869,9573],{"class":61},[47,18871,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,18873,103],{"class":102},[47,18875,106],{"class":61},[47,18877,14149],{"class":92},[47,18879,216],{"class":61},[20,18881,18882],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1404,18884,18886],{"id":18885},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,18888,18890],{"className":40,"code":18889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18891,18892,18924,18948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18893,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18895,17507],{"class":53},[47,18897,58],{"class":57},[47,18899,62],{"class":61},[47,18901,633],{"class":632},[47,18903,252],{"class":636},[47,18905,633],{"class":632},[47,18907,69],{"class":61},[47,18909,644],{"class":632},[47,18911,5026],{"class":636},[47,18913,633],{"class":632},[47,18915,69],{"class":61},[47,18917,644],{"class":632},[47,18919,10004],{"class":636},[47,18921,633],{"class":632},[47,18923,80],{"class":61},[47,18925,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,18927,9430],{"class":53},[47,18929,58],{"class":57},[47,18931,10756],{"class":61},[47,18933,279],{"class":53},[47,18935,136],{"class":61},[47,18937,18469],{"class":61},[47,18939,2028],{"class":2027},[47,18941,18474],{"class":53},[47,18943,2034],{"class":2027},[47,18945,18479],{"class":53},[47,18947,9573],{"class":61},[47,18949,18950,18952,18954,18956],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,18951,103],{"class":102},[47,18953,106],{"class":61},[47,18955,9468],{"class":92},[47,18957,216],{"class":61},[20,18959,2114],{},[138,18961,18962,18967,18970],{},[141,18963,18964,18966],{},[15,18965,17483],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[141,18968,18969],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[141,18971,18972],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18974,18975,18976,89],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[252,18977,11002,18978,11006],{"href":14297},[15,18979,15218],{},[33,18981,1397],{"id":1396},[20,18983,14998,18984,89],{},[15,18985,17488],{},[1404,18987,18989],{"id":18988},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,18991,18993],{"className":40,"code":18992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18994,18995,19028,19051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18996,18997,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18998,18999],{"class":53},"d ",[47,19001,58],{"class":57},[47,19003,9435],{"class":882},[47,19005,89],{"class":61},[47,19007,17548],{"class":92},[47,19009,2015],{"class":61},[47,19011,633],{"class":632},[47,19013,252],{"class":636},[47,19015,633],{"class":632},[47,19017,69],{"class":61},[47,19019,644],{"class":632},[47,19021,5026],{"class":636},[47,19023,633],{"class":632},[47,19025,18327],{"class":61},[47,19027,18261],{"class":61},[47,19029,19030,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19031,19032],{"class":53},"d",[47,19034,229],{"class":61},[47,19036,633],{"class":632},[47,19038,252],{"class":636},[47,19040,633],{"class":632},[47,19042,13814],{"class":61},[47,19044,13817],{"class":92},[47,19046,106],{"class":61},[47,19048,232],{"class":65},[47,19050,216],{"class":61},[47,19052,19053,19055,19057,19059],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,19054,103],{"class":102},[47,19056,106],{"class":61},[47,19058,19032],{"class":92},[47,19060,216],{"class":61},[20,19062,219],{},[38,19064,19066],{"className":40,"code":19065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19067,19068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19069,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19071,9542],{"class":61},[47,19073,699],{"class":632},[47,19075,252],{"class":636},[47,19077,699],{"class":632},[47,19079,136],{"class":61},[47,19081,62],{"class":61},[47,19083,232],{"class":65},[47,19085,18327],{"class":61},[47,19087,708],{"class":632},[47,19089,5026],{"class":636},[47,19091,699],{"class":632},[47,19093,136],{"class":61},[47,19095,62],{"class":61},[47,19097,232],{"class":65},[47,19099,13970],{"class":61},[20,19101,19102],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19104,19105],{},"Use this instead:",[38,19107,19109],{"className":40,"code":19108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19110,19111,19135,19159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19112,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19114,17507],{"class":53},[47,19116,58],{"class":57},[47,19118,62],{"class":61},[47,19120,633],{"class":632},[47,19122,252],{"class":636},[47,19124,633],{"class":632},[47,19126,69],{"class":61},[47,19128,644],{"class":632},[47,19130,5026],{"class":636},[47,19132,633],{"class":632},[47,19134,80],{"class":61},[47,19136,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19138,18999],{"class":53},[47,19140,58],{"class":57},[47,19142,10756],{"class":61},[47,19144,279],{"class":53},[47,19146,136],{"class":61},[47,19148,18469],{"class":61},[47,19150,2028],{"class":2027},[47,19152,18474],{"class":53},[47,19154,2034],{"class":2027},[47,19156,18479],{"class":53},[47,19158,9573],{"class":61},[47,19160,19161,19163,19165,19167],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,19162,103],{"class":102},[47,19164,106],{"class":61},[47,19166,19032],{"class":92},[47,19168,216],{"class":61},[1404,19170,19172,19173,19175],{"id":19171},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19174,17483],{}," on a list",[20,19177,19178],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,19180,19182],{"className":40,"code":19181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19183,19184,19216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19185,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19187,17507],{"class":53},[47,19189,58],{"class":57},[47,19191,62],{"class":61},[47,19193,633],{"class":632},[47,19195,252],{"class":636},[47,19197,633],{"class":632},[47,19199,69],{"class":61},[47,19201,644],{"class":632},[47,19203,5026],{"class":636},[47,19205,633],{"class":632},[47,19207,69],{"class":61},[47,19209,644],{"class":632},[47,19211,10004],{"class":636},[47,19213,633],{"class":632},[47,19215,80],{"class":61},[47,19217,19218],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19219,19220],{"class":114},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19222,19223,19225,19226,19228,19229,89],{},[15,19224,17483],{}," belongs to ",[15,19227,9085],{},", not ",[15,19230,8358],{},[20,19232,19233],{},"Correct usage:",[38,19235,19237],{"className":40,"code":19236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19238,19239,19271,19293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19240,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19242,17507],{"class":53},[47,19244,58],{"class":57},[47,19246,62],{"class":61},[47,19248,633],{"class":632},[47,19250,252],{"class":636},[47,19252,633],{"class":632},[47,19254,69],{"class":61},[47,19256,644],{"class":632},[47,19258,5026],{"class":636},[47,19260,633],{"class":632},[47,19262,69],{"class":61},[47,19264,644],{"class":632},[47,19266,10004],{"class":636},[47,19268,633],{"class":632},[47,19270,80],{"class":61},[47,19272,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19274,18999],{"class":53},[47,19276,58],{"class":57},[47,19278,9435],{"class":882},[47,19280,89],{"class":61},[47,19282,17548],{"class":92},[47,19284,106],{"class":61},[47,19286,17188],{"class":92},[47,19288,69],{"class":61},[47,19290,4106],{"class":65},[47,19292,216],{"class":61},[47,19294,19295,19297,19299,19301],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,19296,103],{"class":102},[47,19298,106],{"class":61},[47,19300,19032],{"class":92},[47,19302,216],{"class":61},[1404,19304,8717,19306,19308],{"id":19305},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19307,17483],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19310,19311,19313],{},[15,19312,17488],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,19315,19317],{"className":40,"code":19316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19318,19319,19339,19373,19377,19387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19322,12349],{"class":53},[47,19324,58],{"class":57},[47,19326,10756],{"class":61},[47,19328,633],{"class":632},[47,19330,2456],{"class":636},[47,19332,633],{"class":632},[47,19334,136],{"class":61},[47,19336,72],{"class":65},[47,19338,9573],{"class":61},[47,19340,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19342,13301],{"class":53},[47,19344,58],{"class":57},[47,19346,9435],{"class":882},[47,19348,89],{"class":61},[47,19350,17548],{"class":92},[47,19352,2015],{"class":61},[47,19354,633],{"class":632},[47,19356,252],{"class":636},[47,19358,633],{"class":632},[47,19360,69],{"class":61},[47,19362,644],{"class":632},[47,19364,5026],{"class":636},[47,19366,633],{"class":632},[47,19368,18327],{"class":61},[47,19370,4106],{"class":65},[47,19372,216],{"class":61},[47,19374,19375],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,19376,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,19378,19379,19381,19383,19385],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,19380,103],{"class":102},[47,19382,106],{"class":61},[47,19384,12396],{"class":92},[47,19386,216],{"class":61},[47,19388,19389,19391,19393,19396],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,19390,103],{"class":102},[47,19392,106],{"class":61},[47,19394,19395],{"class":92},"new_dict",[47,19397,216],{"class":61},[20,19399,219],{},[38,19401,19403],{"className":40,"code":19402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19404,19405,19421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19408,9542],{"class":61},[47,19410,699],{"class":632},[47,19412,2456],{"class":636},[47,19414,699],{"class":632},[47,19416,136],{"class":61},[47,19418,72],{"class":65},[47,19420,9573],{"class":61},[47,19422,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19424,9542],{"class":61},[47,19426,699],{"class":632},[47,19428,252],{"class":636},[47,19430,699],{"class":632},[47,19432,136],{"class":61},[47,19434,4106],{"class":65},[47,19436,69],{"class":61},[47,19438,708],{"class":632},[47,19440,5026],{"class":636},[47,19442,699],{"class":632},[47,19444,136],{"class":61},[47,19446,4106],{"class":65},[47,19448,9573],{"class":61},[20,19450,19451,19452,89],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[252,19453,11002,19454,11006],{"href":14297},[15,19455,15218],{},[1404,19457,19459,19460],{"id":19458},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19461,124],{},[38,19463,19465],{"className":40,"code":19464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19466,19467,19497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19468,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19470,18999],{"class":53},[47,19472,58],{"class":57},[47,19474,9435],{"class":882},[47,19476,89],{"class":61},[47,19478,17548],{"class":92},[47,19480,2015],{"class":61},[47,19482,633],{"class":632},[47,19484,2456],{"class":636},[47,19486,633],{"class":632},[47,19488,69],{"class":61},[47,19490,644],{"class":632},[47,19492,1739],{"class":636},[47,19494,633],{"class":632},[47,19496,2040],{"class":61},[47,19498,19499,19501,19503,19505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19500,103],{"class":102},[47,19502,106],{"class":61},[47,19504,19032],{"class":92},[47,19506,216],{"class":61},[20,19508,219],{},[38,19510,19512],{"className":40,"code":19511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19513,19514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19515,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19517,9542],{"class":61},[47,19519,699],{"class":632},[47,19521,2456],{"class":636},[47,19523,699],{"class":632},[47,19525,136],{"class":61},[47,19527,4125],{"class":284},[47,19529,69],{"class":61},[47,19531,708],{"class":632},[47,19533,1739],{"class":636},[47,19535,699],{"class":632},[47,19537,136],{"class":61},[47,19539,4125],{"class":284},[47,19541,9573],{"class":61},[20,19543,19544,19545,89],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19546,124],{},[33,19548,19550],{"id":19549},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19552,19553,19554,19556],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19555,17483],{}," works.",[38,19558,19560],{"className":40,"code":19559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19561,19562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19563,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19565,103],{"class":102},[47,19567,106],{"class":61},[47,19569,9085],{"class":882},[47,19571,89],{"class":61},[47,19573,17548],{"class":92},[47,19575,2015],{"class":61},[47,19577,633],{"class":632},[47,19579,252],{"class":636},[47,19581,633],{"class":632},[47,19583,69],{"class":61},[47,19585,644],{"class":632},[47,19587,5026],{"class":636},[47,19589,633],{"class":632},[47,19591,18327],{"class":61},[47,19593,4106],{"class":65},[47,19595,1978],{"class":61},[38,19597,19598],{"className":40,"code":19464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19599,19600,19630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19601,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19603,18999],{"class":53},[47,19605,58],{"class":57},[47,19607,9435],{"class":882},[47,19609,89],{"class":61},[47,19611,17548],{"class":92},[47,19613,2015],{"class":61},[47,19615,633],{"class":632},[47,19617,2456],{"class":636},[47,19619,633],{"class":632},[47,19621,69],{"class":61},[47,19623,644],{"class":632},[47,19625,1739],{"class":636},[47,19627,633],{"class":632},[47,19629,2040],{"class":61},[47,19631,19632,19634,19636,19638],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19633,103],{"class":102},[47,19635,106],{"class":61},[47,19637,19032],{"class":92},[47,19639,216],{"class":61},[38,19641,19642],{"className":40,"code":18992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19643,19644,19676,19698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19645,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19647,18999],{"class":53},[47,19649,58],{"class":57},[47,19651,9435],{"class":882},[47,19653,89],{"class":61},[47,19655,17548],{"class":92},[47,19657,2015],{"class":61},[47,19659,633],{"class":632},[47,19661,252],{"class":636},[47,19663,633],{"class":632},[47,19665,69],{"class":61},[47,19667,644],{"class":632},[47,19669,5026],{"class":636},[47,19671,633],{"class":632},[47,19673,18327],{"class":61},[47,19675,18261],{"class":61},[47,19677,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19679,19032],{"class":53},[47,19681,229],{"class":61},[47,19683,633],{"class":632},[47,19685,252],{"class":636},[47,19687,633],{"class":632},[47,19689,13814],{"class":61},[47,19691,13817],{"class":92},[47,19693,106],{"class":61},[47,19695,232],{"class":65},[47,19697,216],{"class":61},[47,19699,19700,19702,19704,19706],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,19701,103],{"class":102},[47,19703,106],{"class":61},[47,19705,19032],{"class":92},[47,19707,216],{"class":61},[38,19709,19711],{"className":40,"code":19710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19712,19713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19714,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19716,103],{"class":102},[47,19718,106],{"class":61},[47,19720,1971],{"class":882},[47,19722,106],{"class":61},[47,19724,9085],{"class":882},[47,19726,89],{"class":61},[47,19728,17548],{"class":92},[47,19730,2015],{"class":61},[47,19732,232],{"class":65},[47,19734,69],{"class":61},[47,19736,77],{"class":65},[47,19738,69],{"class":61},[47,19740,442],{"class":65},[47,19742,18327],{"class":61},[47,19744,644],{"class":632},[47,19746,2753],{"class":636},[47,19748,633],{"class":632},[47,19750,3192],{"class":61},[33,19752,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,19754,2082,19756,19758],{"id":19755},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19757,17483],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19760,19761],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1404,19763,19765],{"id":19764},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19767,19768,19769,89],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19770,124],{},[1404,19772,19774],{"id":19773},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19776,19777],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1404,19779,19781],{"id":19780},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19783,18417],{},[38,19785,19787],{"className":40,"code":19786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19788,19789,19821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19790,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19792,17507],{"class":53},[47,19794,58],{"class":57},[47,19796,62],{"class":61},[47,19798,633],{"class":632},[47,19800,252],{"class":636},[47,19802,633],{"class":632},[47,19804,69],{"class":61},[47,19806,644],{"class":632},[47,19808,5026],{"class":636},[47,19810,633],{"class":632},[47,19812,69],{"class":61},[47,19814,644],{"class":632},[47,19816,10004],{"class":636},[47,19818,633],{"class":632},[47,19820,80],{"class":61},[47,19822,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,19824,9430],{"class":53},[47,19826,58],{"class":57},[47,19828,10756],{"class":61},[47,19830,279],{"class":53},[47,19832,136],{"class":61},[47,19834,18469],{"class":61},[47,19836,2028],{"class":2027},[47,19838,18474],{"class":53},[47,19840,2034],{"class":2027},[47,19842,18479],{"class":53},[47,19844,9573],{"class":61},[33,19846,2187],{"id":2186},[138,19848,19849,19853,19857,19861,19867],{},[141,19850,19851],{},[252,19852,11507],{"href":13289},[141,19854,19855],{},[252,19856,9420],{"href":13286},[141,19858,19859],{},[252,19860,11516],{"href":18168},[141,19862,19863],{},[252,19864,11002,19865,11006],{"href":14297},[15,19866,15218],{},[141,19868,19869],{},[252,19870,11002,19871,11006],{"href":15263},[15,19872,13039],{},[20,19874,118,19875,19877],{},[15,19876,17488],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2210,19879,19880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":19882},[19883,19884,19886,19890,19891,19893,19898,19900,19907,19916,19917,19924],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":17588,"depth":83,"text":19885},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17632,"depth":83,"text":17633,"children":19887},[19888,19889],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":17683,"depth":99,"text":17684},{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":17844,"depth":83,"text":19892},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18172,"depth":83,"text":18173,"children":19894},[19895,19896,19897],{"id":18202,"depth":99,"text":18203},{"id":18365,"depth":99,"text":18366},{"id":18413,"depth":99,"text":18414},{"id":18577,"depth":83,"text":19899},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18735,"depth":83,"text":19901,"children":19902},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19903,19905,19906],{"id":18746,"depth":99,"text":19904},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18811,"depth":99,"text":18812},{"id":18885,"depth":99,"text":18886},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":19908},[19909,19910,19912,19914],{"id":18988,"depth":99,"text":18989},{"id":19171,"depth":99,"text":19911},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19305,"depth":99,"text":19913},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19458,"depth":99,"text":19915},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19549,"depth":83,"text":19550},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":19918},[19919,19921,19922,19923],{"id":19755,"depth":99,"text":19920},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19764,"depth":99,"text":19765},{"id":19773,"depth":99,"text":19774},{"id":19780,"depth":99,"text":19781},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17475,"description":19925},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19932,"title":19933,"body":19934,"description":21764,"extension":2248,"meta":21765,"navigation":203,"path":21766,"seo":21767,"stem":21768,"__hash__":21769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19935,"toc":21731},[19936,19941,19947,19958,20088,20095,20100,20104,20120,20122,20220,20223,20240,20244,20246,20251,20289,20292,20310,20312,20430,20435,20439,20455,20458,20594,20597,20602,20608,20611,20648,20651,20655,20660,20736,20740,20745,20827,20829,20845,20850,20854,20860,20929,20932,20949,20952,21034,21040,21043,21063,21067,21072,21078,21084,21155,21158,21164,21167,21241,21248,21254,21262,21272,21274,21369,21375,21380,21467,21473,21475,21480,21502,21505,21600,21603,21634,21647,21649,21657,21663,21669,21672,21678,21683,21690,21695,21697,21728],[10,19937,11583,19939,18],{"id":19938},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19940,11005],{},[20,19942,19943,19944,19946],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19945,11005],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19948,19949,19950,2472,19953,2057,19955,19957],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19951,19952],{},"KeyError",[15,19954,11005],{},[15,19956,124],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,19959,19961],{"className":40,"code":19960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19962,19963,19999,20003,20029,20054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19964,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19966,13468],{"class":53},[47,19968,58],{"class":57},[47,19970,10756],{"class":61},[47,19972,633],{"class":632},[47,19974,7932],{"class":636},[47,19976,633],{"class":632},[47,19978,136],{"class":61},[47,19980,644],{"class":632},[47,19982,13143],{"class":636},[47,19984,633],{"class":632},[47,19986,69],{"class":61},[47,19988,644],{"class":632},[47,19990,9563],{"class":636},[47,19992,633],{"class":632},[47,19994,136],{"class":61},[47,19996,9570],{"class":65},[47,19998,9573],{"class":61},[47,20000,20001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20002,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20004,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20006,103],{"class":102},[47,20008,106],{"class":61},[47,20010,17572],{"class":92},[47,20012,89],{"class":61},[47,20014,20015],{"class":92},"get",[47,20017,106],{"class":61},[47,20019,633],{"class":632},[47,20021,7932],{"class":636},[47,20023,633],{"class":632},[47,20025,5628],{"class":61},[47,20027,20028],{"class":114},"           # Ana\n",[47,20030,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20032,103],{"class":102},[47,20034,106],{"class":61},[47,20036,17572],{"class":92},[47,20038,89],{"class":61},[47,20040,20015],{"class":92},[47,20042,106],{"class":61},[47,20044,633],{"class":632},[47,20046,10674],{"class":636},[47,20048,633],{"class":632},[47,20050,5628],{"class":61},[47,20052,20053],{"class":114},"           # None\n",[47,20055,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20081,20083,20085],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,20057,103],{"class":102},[47,20059,106],{"class":61},[47,20061,17572],{"class":92},[47,20063,89],{"class":61},[47,20065,20015],{"class":92},[47,20067,106],{"class":61},[47,20069,633],{"class":632},[47,20071,10674],{"class":636},[47,20073,633],{"class":632},[47,20075,69],{"class":61},[47,20077,644],{"class":632},[47,20079,20080],{"class":636},"N\u002FA",[47,20082,633],{"class":632},[47,20084,5628],{"class":61},[47,20086,20087],{"class":114},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20089,118,20090,20092,20093,89],{},[15,20091,11005],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20094,19952],{},[33,20096,128,20098,131],{"id":20097},"what-get-does",[15,20099,11005],{},[20,20101,956,20102,11677],{},[15,20103,11005],{},[138,20105,20106,20109,20114,20117],{},[141,20107,20108],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[141,20110,149,20111,20113],{},[15,20112,124],{}," if the key does not exist",[141,20115,20116],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[141,20118,20119],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20121,318],{},[38,20123,20125],{"className":40,"code":20124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20126,20127,20166,20170,20195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20128,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20148,20150,20152,20154,20157,20159,20161,20164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20130,13126],{"class":53},[47,20132,58],{"class":57},[47,20134,10756],{"class":61},[47,20136,633],{"class":632},[47,20138,7932],{"class":636},[47,20140,633],{"class":632},[47,20142,136],{"class":61},[47,20144,644],{"class":632},[47,20146,20147],{"class":636},"Lina",[47,20149,633],{"class":632},[47,20151,69],{"class":61},[47,20153,644],{"class":632},[47,20155,20156],{"class":636},"grade",[47,20158,633],{"class":632},[47,20160,136],{"class":61},[47,20162,20163],{"class":65}," 90",[47,20165,9573],{"class":61},[47,20167,20168],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20169,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20171,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20173,103],{"class":102},[47,20175,106],{"class":61},[47,20177,13890],{"class":92},[47,20179,89],{"class":61},[47,20181,20015],{"class":92},[47,20183,106],{"class":61},[47,20185,633],{"class":632},[47,20187,7932],{"class":636},[47,20189,633],{"class":632},[47,20191,5628],{"class":61},[47,20193,20194],{"class":114},"     # Lina\n",[47,20196,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20198,103],{"class":102},[47,20200,106],{"class":61},[47,20202,13890],{"class":92},[47,20204,89],{"class":61},[47,20206,20015],{"class":92},[47,20208,106],{"class":61},[47,20210,633],{"class":632},[47,20212,15523],{"class":636},[47,20214,633],{"class":632},[47,20216,5628],{"class":61},[47,20218,20219],{"class":114},"    # None\n",[20,20221,20222],{},"In this example:",[138,20224,20225,20230],{},[141,20226,20227,20229],{},[15,20228,15504],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[141,20231,20232,20235,20236,2057,20238],{},[15,20233,20234],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20237,11005],{},[15,20239,124],{},[20,20241,13283,20242,89],{},[252,20243,9420],{"href":9419},[33,20245,259],{"id":258},[20,20247,20248,20249,136],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20250,11005],{},[38,20252,20254],{"className":40,"code":20253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20255,20256,20270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20257,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20259,15869],{"class":53},[47,20261,89],{"class":61},[47,20263,20015],{"class":92},[47,20265,106],{"class":61},[47,20267,279],{"class":92},[47,20269,216],{"class":61},[47,20271,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20287],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20273,15869],{"class":53},[47,20275,89],{"class":61},[47,20277,20015],{"class":92},[47,20279,106],{"class":61},[47,20281,279],{"class":92},[47,20283,69],{"class":61},[47,20285,20286],{"class":92}," default_value",[47,20288,216],{"class":61},[20,20290,20291],{},"What each part means:",[138,20293,20294,20299,20305],{},[141,20295,20296,20298],{},[15,20297,279],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[141,20300,20301,20304],{},[15,20302,20303],{},"default_value"," is optional",[141,20306,20307,20308],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20309,124],{},[20,20311,318],{},[38,20313,20315],{"className":40,"code":20314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20316,20317,20341,20345,20370,20396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20318,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20320,14090],{"class":53},[47,20322,58],{"class":57},[47,20324,10756],{"class":61},[47,20326,633],{"class":632},[47,20328,12758],{"class":636},[47,20330,633],{"class":632},[47,20332,136],{"class":61},[47,20334,644],{"class":632},[47,20336,12767],{"class":636},[47,20338,633],{"class":632},[47,20340,9573],{"class":61},[47,20342,20343],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20344,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20346,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20348,103],{"class":102},[47,20350,106],{"class":61},[47,20352,14149],{"class":92},[47,20354,89],{"class":61},[47,20356,20015],{"class":92},[47,20358,106],{"class":61},[47,20360,633],{"class":632},[47,20362,12758],{"class":636},[47,20364,633],{"class":632},[47,20366,5628],{"class":61},[47,20368,20369],{"class":114},"            # dark\n",[47,20371,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20389,20391,20393],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20373,103],{"class":102},[47,20375,106],{"class":61},[47,20377,14149],{"class":92},[47,20379,89],{"class":61},[47,20381,20015],{"class":92},[47,20383,106],{"class":61},[47,20385,633],{"class":632},[47,20387,20388],{"class":636},"language",[47,20390,633],{"class":632},[47,20392,5628],{"class":61},[47,20394,20395],{"class":114},"         # None\n",[47,20397,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20423,20425,20427],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,20399,103],{"class":102},[47,20401,106],{"class":61},[47,20403,14149],{"class":92},[47,20405,89],{"class":61},[47,20407,20015],{"class":92},[47,20409,106],{"class":61},[47,20411,633],{"class":632},[47,20413,20388],{"class":636},[47,20415,633],{"class":632},[47,20417,69],{"class":61},[47,20419,644],{"class":632},[47,20421,20422],{"class":636},"en",[47,20424,633],{"class":632},[47,20426,5628],{"class":61},[47,20428,20429],{"class":114},"   # en\n",[33,20431,5227,20433],{"id":20432},"when-to-use-get",[15,20434,11005],{},[20,20436,118,20437,10866],{},[15,20438,11005],{},[138,20440,20441,20444,20449,20452],{},[141,20442,20443],{},"A key might not exist",[141,20445,20446,20447],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20448,19952],{},[141,20450,20451],{},"You are reading optional data",[141,20453,20454],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20456,20457],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,20459,20461],{"className":40,"code":20460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20462,20463,20505,20509,20534,20560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20464,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20501,20503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20466,11752],{"class":53},[47,20468,58],{"class":57},[47,20470,10756],{"class":61},[47,20472,633],{"class":632},[47,20474,8249],{"class":636},[47,20476,633],{"class":632},[47,20478,136],{"class":61},[47,20480,644],{"class":632},[47,20482,20483],{"class":636},"sam",[47,20485,633],{"class":632},[47,20487,69],{"class":61},[47,20489,644],{"class":632},[47,20491,15523],{"class":636},[47,20493,633],{"class":632},[47,20495,136],{"class":61},[47,20497,644],{"class":632},[47,20499,20500],{"class":636},"sam@example.com",[47,20502,633],{"class":632},[47,20504,9573],{"class":61},[47,20506,20507],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20508,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20510,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20512,103],{"class":102},[47,20514,106],{"class":61},[47,20516,11846],{"class":92},[47,20518,89],{"class":61},[47,20520,20015],{"class":92},[47,20522,106],{"class":61},[47,20524,633],{"class":632},[47,20526,8249],{"class":636},[47,20528,633],{"class":632},[47,20530,5628],{"class":61},[47,20532,20533],{"class":114},"              # sam\n",[47,20535,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20553,20555,20557],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20537,103],{"class":102},[47,20539,106],{"class":61},[47,20541,11846],{"class":92},[47,20543,89],{"class":61},[47,20545,20015],{"class":92},[47,20547,106],{"class":61},[47,20549,633],{"class":632},[47,20551,20552],{"class":636},"phone",[47,20554,633],{"class":632},[47,20556,5628],{"class":61},[47,20558,20559],{"class":114},"                 # None\n",[47,20561,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20587,20589,20591],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,20563,103],{"class":102},[47,20565,106],{"class":61},[47,20567,11846],{"class":92},[47,20569,89],{"class":61},[47,20571,20015],{"class":92},[47,20573,106],{"class":61},[47,20575,633],{"class":632},[47,20577,20552],{"class":636},[47,20579,633],{"class":632},[47,20581,69],{"class":61},[47,20583,644],{"class":632},[47,20585,20586],{"class":636},"Not provided",[47,20588,633],{"class":632},[47,20590,5628],{"class":61},[47,20592,20593],{"class":114}," # Not provided\n",[20,20595,20596],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20598,20599,20600,89],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[252,20601,16863],{"href":16862},[33,20603,20605,20607],{"id":20604},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20606,11005],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20609,20610],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,20612,20614],{"className":40,"code":20613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20615,20616,20630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20617,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20619,9468],{"class":53},[47,20621,229],{"class":61},[47,20623,633],{"class":632},[47,20625,279],{"class":636},[47,20627,633],{"class":632},[47,20629,80],{"class":61},[47,20631,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20633,9468],{"class":53},[47,20635,89],{"class":61},[47,20637,20015],{"class":92},[47,20639,106],{"class":61},[47,20641,633],{"class":632},[47,20643,279],{"class":636},[47,20645,633],{"class":632},[47,20647,216],{"class":61},[20,20649,20650],{},"The difference is important.",[1404,20652,20654],{"id":20653},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20656,20657,20658,89],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20659,19952],{},[38,20661,20663],{"className":40,"code":20662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20664,20665,20689,20693,20715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20666,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20668,9430],{"class":53},[47,20670,58],{"class":57},[47,20672,10756],{"class":61},[47,20674,633],{"class":632},[47,20676,7932],{"class":636},[47,20678,633],{"class":632},[47,20680,136],{"class":61},[47,20682,644],{"class":632},[47,20684,13143],{"class":636},[47,20686,633],{"class":632},[47,20688,9573],{"class":61},[47,20690,20691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20692,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20694,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20712],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20696,103],{"class":102},[47,20698,106],{"class":61},[47,20700,9468],{"class":92},[47,20702,229],{"class":61},[47,20704,633],{"class":632},[47,20706,7932],{"class":636},[47,20708,633],{"class":632},[47,20710,20711],{"class":61},"])",[47,20713,20714],{"class":114},"   # Ana\n",[47,20716,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20718,103],{"class":102},[47,20720,106],{"class":61},[47,20722,9468],{"class":92},[47,20724,229],{"class":61},[47,20726,633],{"class":632},[47,20728,10674],{"class":636},[47,20730,633],{"class":632},[47,20732,20711],{"class":61},[47,20734,20735],{"class":114},"   # KeyError\n",[1404,20737,20738],{"id":20015},[15,20739,11005],{},[20,20741,20742,20744],{},[15,20743,11005],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,20746,20748],{"className":40,"code":20747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20749,20750,20774,20778,20802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20751,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20753,9430],{"class":53},[47,20755,58],{"class":57},[47,20757,10756],{"class":61},[47,20759,633],{"class":632},[47,20761,7932],{"class":636},[47,20763,633],{"class":632},[47,20765,136],{"class":61},[47,20767,644],{"class":632},[47,20769,13143],{"class":636},[47,20771,633],{"class":632},[47,20773,9573],{"class":61},[47,20775,20776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20777,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20779,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20781,103],{"class":102},[47,20783,106],{"class":61},[47,20785,9468],{"class":92},[47,20787,89],{"class":61},[47,20789,20015],{"class":92},[47,20791,106],{"class":61},[47,20793,633],{"class":632},[47,20795,7932],{"class":636},[47,20797,633],{"class":632},[47,20799,5628],{"class":61},[47,20801,20714],{"class":114},[47,20803,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,20805,103],{"class":102},[47,20807,106],{"class":61},[47,20809,9468],{"class":92},[47,20811,89],{"class":61},[47,20813,20015],{"class":92},[47,20815,106],{"class":61},[47,20817,633],{"class":632},[47,20819,10674],{"class":636},[47,20821,633],{"class":632},[47,20823,5628],{"class":61},[47,20825,20826],{"class":114},"   # None\n",[20,20828,2114],{},[138,20830,20831,20837],{},[141,20832,20833,20834],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[4015,20835,20836],{},"must exist",[141,20838,20839,20841,20842],{},[15,20840,11005],{}," when the key is ",[4015,20843,20844],{},"optional",[20,20846,20847,20848,89],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[252,20849,11527],{"href":11340},[33,20851,20853],{"id":20852},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20855,20856,20857,20859],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20858,11005],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,20861,20863],{"className":40,"code":20862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20864,20865,20890,20894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20866,20867,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20868,20869],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20871,58],{"class":57},[47,20873,10756],{"class":61},[47,20875,633],{"class":632},[47,20877,7932],{"class":636},[47,20879,633],{"class":632},[47,20881,136],{"class":61},[47,20883,644],{"class":632},[47,20885,8185],{"class":636},[47,20887,633],{"class":632},[47,20889,9573],{"class":61},[47,20891,20892],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20893,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20895,20896,20898,20900,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20922,20924,20926],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20897,103],{"class":102},[47,20899,106],{"class":61},[47,20901,20902],{"class":92},"profile",[47,20904,89],{"class":61},[47,20906,20015],{"class":92},[47,20908,106],{"class":61},[47,20910,633],{"class":632},[47,20912,15526],{"class":636},[47,20914,633],{"class":632},[47,20916,69],{"class":61},[47,20918,644],{"class":632},[47,20920,20921],{"class":636},"Unknown",[47,20923,633],{"class":632},[47,20925,5628],{"class":61},[47,20927,20928],{"class":114},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20930,20931],{},"This is useful for display text:",[138,20933,20934,20939,20944],{},[141,20935,20936],{},[15,20937,20938],{},"\"Unknown\"",[141,20940,20941],{},[15,20942,20943],{},"\"Not set\"",[141,20945,20946],{},[15,20947,20948],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20950,20951],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,20953,20955],{"className":40,"code":20954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20956,20957,20989,20993,21020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20958,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20960,5329],{"class":53},[47,20962,58],{"class":57},[47,20964,10756],{"class":61},[47,20966,633],{"class":632},[47,20968,18682],{"class":636},[47,20970,633],{"class":632},[47,20972,136],{"class":61},[47,20974,503],{"class":65},[47,20976,69],{"class":61},[47,20978,644],{"class":632},[47,20980,18691],{"class":636},[47,20982,633],{"class":632},[47,20984,136],{"class":61},[47,20986,447],{"class":65},[47,20988,9573],{"class":61},[47,20990,20991],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,20992,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,20994,20995,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,20996,20997],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20999,58],{"class":57},[47,21001,5376],{"class":53},[47,21003,89],{"class":61},[47,21005,20015],{"class":92},[47,21007,106],{"class":61},[47,21009,633],{"class":632},[47,21011,18700],{"class":636},[47,21013,633],{"class":632},[47,21015,69],{"class":61},[47,21017,4106],{"class":65},[47,21019,216],{"class":61},[47,21021,21022,21024,21026,21029,21031],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21023,103],{"class":102},[47,21025,106],{"class":61},[47,21027,21028],{"class":92},"total_history",[47,21030,111],{"class":61},[47,21032,21033],{"class":114},"   # 0\n",[20,21035,21036,21037,21039],{},"Here, ",[15,21038,2403],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21041,21042],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[138,21044,21045,21048,21053,21058],{},[141,21046,21047],{},"Use a string for text",[141,21049,118,21050,21052],{},[15,21051,2403],{}," for numbers",[141,21054,118,21055,21057],{},[15,21056,4059],{}," for lists if needed",[141,21059,118,21060,21062],{},[15,21061,4064],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[33,21064,21066],{"id":21065},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21068,21069,21070,89],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21071,11005],{},[1404,21073,21075,21077],{"id":21074},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21076,11005],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21079,21080,21081,21083],{},"This code does ",[4015,21082,4896],{}," create a new key:",[38,21085,21087],{"className":40,"code":21086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21088,21089,21113,21117,21142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21090,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21092,13468],{"class":53},[47,21094,58],{"class":57},[47,21096,10756],{"class":61},[47,21098,633],{"class":632},[47,21100,7932],{"class":636},[47,21102,633],{"class":632},[47,21104,136],{"class":61},[47,21106,644],{"class":632},[47,21108,13143],{"class":636},[47,21110,633],{"class":632},[47,21112,9573],{"class":61},[47,21114,21115],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21116,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21118,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21120,103],{"class":102},[47,21122,106],{"class":61},[47,21124,17572],{"class":92},[47,21126,89],{"class":61},[47,21128,20015],{"class":92},[47,21130,106],{"class":61},[47,21132,633],{"class":632},[47,21134,10674],{"class":636},[47,21136,633],{"class":632},[47,21138,5628],{"class":61},[47,21140,21141],{"class":114},"  # None\n",[47,21143,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21145,103],{"class":102},[47,21147,106],{"class":61},[47,21149,17572],{"class":92},[47,21151,111],{"class":61},[47,21153,21154],{"class":114},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21156,21157],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1404,21159,21161,21163],{"id":21160},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21162,11005],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21165,21166],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,21168,21170],{"className":40,"code":21169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21171,21172,21198,21202,21228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21173,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21185,21187,21189,21191,21194,21196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21175,14090],{"class":53},[47,21177,58],{"class":57},[47,21179,10756],{"class":61},[47,21181,633],{"class":632},[47,21183,21184],{"class":636},"mode",[47,21186,633],{"class":632},[47,21188,136],{"class":61},[47,21190,644],{"class":632},[47,21192,21193],{"class":636},"light",[47,21195,633],{"class":632},[47,21197,9573],{"class":61},[47,21199,21200],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21201,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21203,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21205,14149],{"class":53},[47,21207,89],{"class":61},[47,21209,20015],{"class":92},[47,21211,106],{"class":61},[47,21213,633],{"class":632},[47,21215,12758],{"class":636},[47,21217,633],{"class":632},[47,21219,69],{"class":61},[47,21221,644],{"class":632},[47,21223,12767],{"class":636},[47,21225,633],{"class":632},[47,21227,216],{"class":61},[47,21229,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21231,103],{"class":102},[47,21233,106],{"class":61},[47,21235,14149],{"class":92},[47,21237,111],{"class":61},[47,21239,21240],{"class":114},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21242,21243,21244,21247],{},"Even though ",[15,21245,21246],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1404,21249,21251,21252],{"id":21250},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21253,124],{},[20,21255,21256,21257,2057,21259,21261],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21258,11005],{},[15,21260,124],{}," because:",[138,21263,21264,21267],{},[141,21265,21266],{},"The key is missing, or",[141,21268,21269,21270],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21271,124],{},[20,21273,318],{},[38,21275,21277],{"className":40,"code":21276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21278,21279,21316,21320,21344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21280,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21308,21310,21312,21314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21282,9430],{"class":53},[47,21284,58],{"class":57},[47,21286,10756],{"class":61},[47,21288,633],{"class":632},[47,21290,7932],{"class":636},[47,21292,633],{"class":632},[47,21294,136],{"class":61},[47,21296,644],{"class":632},[47,21298,13143],{"class":636},[47,21300,633],{"class":632},[47,21302,69],{"class":61},[47,21304,644],{"class":632},[47,21306,21307],{"class":636},"nickname",[47,21309,633],{"class":632},[47,21311,136],{"class":61},[47,21313,4125],{"class":284},[47,21315,9573],{"class":61},[47,21317,21318],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21319,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21323,103],{"class":102},[47,21325,106],{"class":61},[47,21327,9468],{"class":92},[47,21329,89],{"class":61},[47,21331,20015],{"class":92},[47,21333,106],{"class":61},[47,21335,633],{"class":632},[47,21337,21307],{"class":636},[47,21339,633],{"class":632},[47,21341,5628],{"class":61},[47,21343,21141],{"class":114},[47,21345,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21347,103],{"class":102},[47,21349,106],{"class":61},[47,21351,9468],{"class":92},[47,21353,89],{"class":61},[47,21355,20015],{"class":92},[47,21357,106],{"class":61},[47,21359,633],{"class":632},[47,21361,10674],{"class":636},[47,21363,633],{"class":632},[47,21365,5628],{"class":61},[47,21367,21368],{"class":114},"      # None\n",[20,21370,21371,21372,21374],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21373,124],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21376,21377,21378,136],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21379,2034],{},[38,21381,21383],{"className":40,"code":21382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21384,21385,21421,21425,21446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21386,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21388,9430],{"class":53},[47,21390,58],{"class":57},[47,21392,10756],{"class":61},[47,21394,633],{"class":632},[47,21396,7932],{"class":636},[47,21398,633],{"class":632},[47,21400,136],{"class":61},[47,21402,644],{"class":632},[47,21404,13143],{"class":636},[47,21406,633],{"class":632},[47,21408,69],{"class":61},[47,21410,644],{"class":632},[47,21412,21307],{"class":636},[47,21414,633],{"class":632},[47,21416,136],{"class":61},[47,21418,4125],{"class":284},[47,21420,9573],{"class":61},[47,21422,21423],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21424,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21426,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21440,21442,21444],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21428,103],{"class":102},[47,21430,106],{"class":61},[47,21432,633],{"class":632},[47,21434,21307],{"class":636},[47,21436,633],{"class":632},[47,21438,21439],{"class":2027}," in",[47,21441,14831],{"class":92},[47,21443,111],{"class":61},[47,21445,3937],{"class":114},[47,21447,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21449,103],{"class":102},[47,21451,106],{"class":61},[47,21453,633],{"class":632},[47,21455,10674],{"class":636},[47,21457,633],{"class":632},[47,21459,21439],{"class":2027},[47,21461,14831],{"class":92},[47,21463,111],{"class":61},[47,21465,21466],{"class":114},"      # False\n",[20,21468,21469,21470,89],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[252,21471,21472],{"href":17418},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,21474,1397],{"id":1396},[20,21476,21477,21478,136],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21479,11005],{},[138,21481,21482,21487,21494,21499],{},[141,21483,21484,21485],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21486,19952],{},[141,21488,1579,21489,2057,21491,21493],{},[15,21490,11005],{},[15,21492,124],{}," if no default is provided",[141,21495,4845,21496,21498],{},[15,21497,11005],{}," creates a key automatically",[141,21500,21501],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21503,21504],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,21506,21508],{"className":40,"code":21507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21509,21510,21520,21534,21552,21574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21511,21512,21514,21516,21518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21513,103],{"class":102},[47,21515,106],{"class":61},[47,21517,11713],{"class":92},[47,21519,216],{"class":61},[47,21521,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21523,103],{"class":102},[47,21525,106],{"class":61},[47,21527,11713],{"class":92},[47,21529,89],{"class":61},[47,21531,17188],{"class":92},[47,21533,1993],{"class":61},[47,21535,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21537,103],{"class":102},[47,21539,106],{"class":61},[47,21541,699],{"class":632},[47,21543,7932],{"class":636},[47,21545,699],{"class":632},[47,21547,21439],{"class":2027},[47,21549,12030],{"class":92},[47,21551,216],{"class":61},[47,21553,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21555,103],{"class":102},[47,21557,106],{"class":61},[47,21559,11713],{"class":92},[47,21561,89],{"class":61},[47,21563,20015],{"class":92},[47,21565,106],{"class":61},[47,21567,699],{"class":632},[47,21569,7932],{"class":636},[47,21571,699],{"class":632},[47,21573,1978],{"class":61},[47,21575,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,21577,103],{"class":102},[47,21579,106],{"class":61},[47,21581,1971],{"class":882},[47,21583,106],{"class":61},[47,21585,11713],{"class":92},[47,21587,89],{"class":61},[47,21589,20015],{"class":92},[47,21591,106],{"class":61},[47,21593,699],{"class":632},[47,21595,7932],{"class":636},[47,21597,699],{"class":632},[47,21599,3192],{"class":61},[20,21601,21602],{},"What these checks tell you:",[138,21604,21605,21610,21616,21622,21628],{},[141,21606,21607,21609],{},[15,21608,12942],{}," shows the full dictionary",[141,21611,21612,21615],{},[15,21613,21614],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[141,21617,21618,21621],{},[15,21619,21620],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[141,21623,21624,21627],{},[15,21625,21626],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[141,21629,21630,21633],{},[15,21631,21632],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21635,21636,21637,1233,21642,21646],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[252,21638,21639,21640,11006],{"href":17327},"the dictionary ",[15,21641,17330],{},[252,21643,21639,21644,11006],{"href":17340},[15,21645,17343],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[33,21648,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,21650,2082,21652,21654,21655,2099],{"id":21651},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21653,11005],{}," raise ",[15,21656,19952],{},[20,21658,21659,21660,21662],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21661,124],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1404,21664,2082,21666,21668],{"id":21665},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21667,11005],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21670,21671],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1404,21673,21675,21676,2099],{"id":21674},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21677,11005],{},[20,21679,21680,21682],{},[15,21681,124],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1404,21684,21686,21687,21689],{"id":21685},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21688,11005],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21691,118,21692,21694],{},[15,21693,11005],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[33,21696,2187],{"id":2186},[138,21698,21699,21703,21709,21715,21719,21724],{},[141,21700,21701],{},[252,21702,9420],{"href":9419},[141,21704,21705],{},[252,21706,11002,21707,11006],{"href":17327},[15,21708,17330],{},[141,21710,21711],{},[252,21712,11002,21713,11006],{"href":17340},[15,21714,17343],{},[141,21716,21717],{},[252,21718,17419],{"href":17418},[141,21720,21721],{},[252,21722,21723],{"href":16862},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[141,21725,21726],{},[252,21727,11527],{"href":11340},[2210,21729,21730],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":21732},[21733,21735,21736,21738,21743,21744,21752,21753,21763],{"id":20097,"depth":83,"text":21734},"What get() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":20432,"depth":83,"text":21737},"When to use get()",{"id":20604,"depth":83,"text":21739,"children":21740},"get() vs square brackets",[21741,21742],{"id":20653,"depth":99,"text":20654},{"id":20015,"depth":99,"text":11005},{"id":20852,"depth":83,"text":20853},{"id":21065,"depth":83,"text":21066,"children":21745},[21746,21748,21750],{"id":21074,"depth":99,"text":21747},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21160,"depth":99,"text":21749},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21250,"depth":99,"text":21751},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":21754},[21755,21757,21759,21761],{"id":21651,"depth":99,"text":21756},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21665,"depth":99,"text":21758},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21674,"depth":99,"text":21760},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21685,"depth":99,"text":21762},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19933,"description":21764},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21771,"title":21772,"body":21773,"description":24328,"extension":2248,"meta":24329,"navigation":203,"path":24330,"seo":24331,"stem":24332,"__hash__":24333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21774,"toc":24294},[21775,21780,21786,21792,21794,21876,21880,21897,21902,21907,21912,21914,21928,21930,21993,21997,22037,22045,22047,22049,22064,22067,22080,22082,22161,22165,22231,22233,22237,22245,22247,22258,22260,22370,22374,22453,22459,22465,22470,22583,22587,22619,22622,22729,22735,22742,22746,22749,22851,22855,22916,22919,22922,22933,22942,22945,22962,22964,23063,23067,23142,23145,23168,23173,23178,23195,23197,23318,23322,23356,23358,23363,23370,23380,23382,23460,23463,23534,23544,23547,23578,23581,23620,23626,23633,23636,23727,23731,23812,23818,23821,23824,23929,23932,23935,24057,24061,24064,24131,24135,24172,24178,24180,24186,24191,24197,24204,24210,24213,24252,24258,24261,24263,24291],[10,21776,11583,21778,18],{"id":21777},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21779,17343],{},[20,21781,956,21782,21785],{},[15,21783,21784],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21787,21788,21789,21791],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21790,17343],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[33,21793,36],{"id":35},[38,21795,21797],{"className":40,"code":21796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21798,21799,21835,21839,21862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21800,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21802,13468],{"class":53},[47,21804,58],{"class":57},[47,21806,10756],{"class":61},[47,21808,633],{"class":632},[47,21810,7932],{"class":636},[47,21812,633],{"class":632},[47,21814,136],{"class":61},[47,21816,644],{"class":632},[47,21818,13143],{"class":636},[47,21820,633],{"class":632},[47,21822,69],{"class":61},[47,21824,644],{"class":632},[47,21826,9563],{"class":636},[47,21828,633],{"class":632},[47,21830,136],{"class":61},[47,21832,9570],{"class":65},[47,21834,9573],{"class":61},[47,21836,21837],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21838,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21840,21841,21843,21846,21848,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21842,6224],{"class":2027},[47,21844,21845],{"class":53}," key",[47,21847,69],{"class":61},[47,21849,21850],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21852,2034],{"class":2027},[47,21854,13511],{"class":53},[47,21856,89],{"class":61},[47,21858,1562],{"class":92},[47,21860,21861],{"class":61},"():\n",[47,21863,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,21865,8333],{"class":102},[47,21867,106],{"class":61},[47,21869,279],{"class":92},[47,21871,69],{"class":61},[47,21873,8697],{"class":92},[47,21875,216],{"class":61},[20,21877,21878],{},[4015,21879,219],{},[38,21881,21883],{"className":40,"code":21882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21884,21885,21890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21886,21887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21888,21889],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21891,21892,21895],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21893,21894],{"class":53},"age ",[47,21896,2989],{"class":65},[20,21898,118,21899,21901],{},[15,21900,17343],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[33,21903,128,21905,131],{"id":21904},"what-items-does",[15,21906,17343],{},[20,21908,21909,21911],{},[15,21910,17343],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21913,11722],{},[138,21915,21916,21922,21925],{},[141,21917,21918,21919],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21920,21921],{},"(key, value)",[141,21923,21924],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[141,21926,21927],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21929,318],{},[38,21931,21933],{"className":40,"code":21932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21934,21935,21971,21975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21936,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21938,13468],{"class":53},[47,21940,58],{"class":57},[47,21942,10756],{"class":61},[47,21944,633],{"class":632},[47,21946,7932],{"class":636},[47,21948,633],{"class":632},[47,21950,136],{"class":61},[47,21952,644],{"class":632},[47,21954,13143],{"class":636},[47,21956,633],{"class":632},[47,21958,69],{"class":61},[47,21960,644],{"class":632},[47,21962,9563],{"class":636},[47,21964,633],{"class":632},[47,21966,136],{"class":61},[47,21968,9570],{"class":65},[47,21970,9573],{"class":61},[47,21972,21973],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,21974,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,21976,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,21978,103],{"class":102},[47,21980,106],{"class":61},[47,21982,8358],{"class":882},[47,21984,106],{"class":61},[47,21986,17572],{"class":92},[47,21988,89],{"class":61},[47,21990,1562],{"class":92},[47,21992,6554],{"class":61},[20,21994,21995],{},[4015,21996,219],{},[38,21998,22000],{"className":40,"code":21999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22001,22002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22003,22004,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22005,22006],{"class":61},"[(",[47,22008,699],{"class":632},[47,22010,7932],{"class":636},[47,22012,699],{"class":632},[47,22014,69],{"class":61},[47,22016,708],{"class":632},[47,22018,13143],{"class":636},[47,22020,699],{"class":632},[47,22022,9497],{"class":61},[47,22024,9500],{"class":61},[47,22026,699],{"class":632},[47,22028,9563],{"class":636},[47,22030,699],{"class":632},[47,22032,69],{"class":61},[47,22034,9570],{"class":65},[47,22036,9513],{"class":61},[20,22038,22039,22040,3158,22042,89],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[252,22041,9420],{"href":13286},[252,22043,15289],{"href":22044},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[33,22046,259],{"id":258},[20,22048,5701],{},[38,22050,22052],{"className":40,"code":22051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22053,22054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22055,22056,22058,22060,22062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22057,11713],{"class":53},[47,22059,89],{"class":61},[47,22061,1562],{"class":92},[47,22063,96],{"class":61},[20,22065,22066],{},"Things to remember:",[138,22068,22069,22074,22077],{},[141,22070,22071,22073],{},[15,22072,17343],{}," does not take any arguments",[141,22075,22076],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[141,22078,22079],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22081,318],{},[38,22083,22085],{"className":40,"code":22084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22086,22087,22119,22123,22137,22141,22151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22088,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22090,5329],{"class":53},[47,22092,58],{"class":57},[47,22094,10756],{"class":61},[47,22096,633],{"class":632},[47,22098,5270],{"class":636},[47,22100,633],{"class":632},[47,22102,136],{"class":61},[47,22104,20163],{"class":65},[47,22106,69],{"class":61},[47,22108,644],{"class":632},[47,22110,1121],{"class":636},[47,22112,633],{"class":632},[47,22114,136],{"class":61},[47,22116,13771],{"class":65},[47,22118,9573],{"class":61},[47,22120,22121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22122,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22124,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22126,1442],{"class":53},[47,22128,58],{"class":57},[47,22130,5376],{"class":53},[47,22132,89],{"class":61},[47,22134,1562],{"class":92},[47,22136,96],{"class":61},[47,22138,22139],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,22140,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22142,22143,22145,22147,22149],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,22144,103],{"class":102},[47,22146,106],{"class":61},[47,22148,1466],{"class":92},[47,22150,216],{"class":61},[47,22152,22153,22155,22157,22159],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,22154,103],{"class":102},[47,22156,106],{"class":61},[47,22158,16654],{"class":92},[47,22160,216],{"class":61},[20,22162,22163],{},[4015,22164,219],{},[38,22166,22168],{"className":40,"code":22167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22169,22170,22203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22171,22172,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22173,22174],{"class":92},"dict_items",[47,22176,9922],{"class":61},[47,22178,699],{"class":632},[47,22180,5270],{"class":636},[47,22182,699],{"class":632},[47,22184,69],{"class":61},[47,22186,20163],{"class":65},[47,22188,9497],{"class":61},[47,22190,9500],{"class":61},[47,22192,699],{"class":632},[47,22194,1121],{"class":636},[47,22196,699],{"class":632},[47,22198,69],{"class":61},[47,22200,13771],{"class":65},[47,22202,10944],{"class":61},[47,22204,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22206,9542],{"class":61},[47,22208,699],{"class":632},[47,22210,5270],{"class":636},[47,22212,699],{"class":632},[47,22214,136],{"class":61},[47,22216,20163],{"class":65},[47,22218,69],{"class":61},[47,22220,708],{"class":632},[47,22222,1121],{"class":636},[47,22224,699],{"class":632},[47,22226,136],{"class":61},[47,22228,13771],{"class":65},[47,22230,9573],{"class":61},[20,22232,21157],{},[33,22234,22236],{"id":22235},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22238,22239,22241,22242,22244],{},[15,22240,17343],{}," returns a ",[15,22243,22174],{}," view object.",[20,22246,2390],{},[138,22248,22249,22252,22255],{},[141,22250,22251],{},"You can loop over it",[141,22253,22254],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[141,22256,22257],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22259,318],{},[38,22261,22263],{"className":40,"code":22262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22264,22265,22297,22311,22315,22329,22333,22352,22356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22266,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22268,9430],{"class":53},[47,22270,58],{"class":57},[47,22272,10756],{"class":61},[47,22274,633],{"class":632},[47,22276,2456],{"class":636},[47,22278,633],{"class":632},[47,22280,136],{"class":61},[47,22282,72],{"class":65},[47,22284,69],{"class":61},[47,22286,644],{"class":632},[47,22288,1739],{"class":636},[47,22290,633],{"class":632},[47,22292,136],{"class":61},[47,22294,77],{"class":65},[47,22296,9573],{"class":61},[47,22298,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22300,9479],{"class":53},[47,22302,58],{"class":57},[47,22304,14831],{"class":53},[47,22306,89],{"class":61},[47,22308,1562],{"class":92},[47,22310,96],{"class":61},[47,22312,22313],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22314,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22316,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,22318,103],{"class":102},[47,22320,106],{"class":61},[47,22322,8358],{"class":882},[47,22324,106],{"class":61},[47,22326,9526],{"class":92},[47,22328,1978],{"class":61},[47,22330,22331],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,22332,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22334,22335,22337,22339,22341,22344,22346,22348,22350],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,22336,9468],{"class":53},[47,22338,229],{"class":61},[47,22340,633],{"class":632},[47,22342,22343],{"class":636},"z",[47,22345,633],{"class":632},[47,22347,13537],{"class":61},[47,22349,13540],{"class":57},[47,22351,2857],{"class":65},[47,22353,22354],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,22355,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22357,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,22359,103],{"class":102},[47,22361,106],{"class":61},[47,22363,8358],{"class":882},[47,22365,106],{"class":61},[47,22367,9526],{"class":92},[47,22369,1978],{"class":61},[20,22371,22372],{},[4015,22373,219],{},[38,22375,22377],{"className":40,"code":22376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22378,22379,22409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22380,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22382,22006],{"class":61},[47,22384,699],{"class":632},[47,22386,2456],{"class":636},[47,22388,699],{"class":632},[47,22390,69],{"class":61},[47,22392,72],{"class":65},[47,22394,9497],{"class":61},[47,22396,9500],{"class":61},[47,22398,699],{"class":632},[47,22400,1739],{"class":636},[47,22402,699],{"class":632},[47,22404,69],{"class":61},[47,22406,77],{"class":65},[47,22408,9513],{"class":61},[47,22410,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22412,22006],{"class":61},[47,22414,699],{"class":632},[47,22416,2456],{"class":636},[47,22418,699],{"class":632},[47,22420,69],{"class":61},[47,22422,72],{"class":65},[47,22424,9497],{"class":61},[47,22426,9500],{"class":61},[47,22428,699],{"class":632},[47,22430,1739],{"class":636},[47,22432,699],{"class":632},[47,22434,69],{"class":61},[47,22436,77],{"class":65},[47,22438,9497],{"class":61},[47,22440,9500],{"class":61},[47,22442,699],{"class":632},[47,22444,22343],{"class":636},[47,22446,699],{"class":632},[47,22448,69],{"class":61},[47,22450,442],{"class":65},[47,22452,9513],{"class":61},[20,22454,22455,22456,22458],{},"This happens because ",[15,22457,9526],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[33,22460,22462,22463],{"id":22461},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22464,17343],{},[20,22466,22467,22468,136],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22469,17343],{},[38,22471,22473],{"className":40,"code":22472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22474,22475,22528,22532,22552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22476,22477,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22478,13126],{"class":53},[47,22480,58],{"class":57},[47,22482,10756],{"class":61},[47,22484,633],{"class":632},[47,22486,7932],{"class":636},[47,22488,633],{"class":632},[47,22490,136],{"class":61},[47,22492,644],{"class":632},[47,22494,8185],{"class":636},[47,22496,633],{"class":632},[47,22498,69],{"class":61},[47,22500,644],{"class":632},[47,22502,20156],{"class":636},[47,22504,633],{"class":632},[47,22506,136],{"class":61},[47,22508,644],{"class":632},[47,22510,22511],{"class":636},"A",[47,22513,633],{"class":632},[47,22515,69],{"class":61},[47,22517,644],{"class":632},[47,22519,9563],{"class":636},[47,22521,633],{"class":632},[47,22523,136],{"class":61},[47,22525,14122],{"class":65},[47,22527,9573],{"class":61},[47,22529,22530],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22531,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22533,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22535,6224],{"class":2027},[47,22537,21845],{"class":53},[47,22539,69],{"class":61},[47,22541,21850],{"class":53},[47,22543,2034],{"class":2027},[47,22545,13169],{"class":53},[47,22547,89],{"class":61},[47,22549,1562],{"class":92},[47,22551,21861],{"class":61},[47,22553,22554,22556,22558,22561,22563,22565,22567,22570,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,22555,8333],{"class":102},[47,22557,106],{"class":61},[47,22559,22560],{"class":2348},"f",[47,22562,633],{"class":636},[47,22564,9542],{"class":65},[47,22566,279],{"class":92},[47,22568,22569],{"class":65},"}",[47,22571,22572],{"class":636},": ",[47,22574,9542],{"class":65},[47,22576,2753],{"class":92},[47,22578,22569],{"class":65},[47,22580,633],{"class":636},[47,22582,216],{"class":61},[20,22584,22585],{},[4015,22586,219],{},[38,22588,22590],{"className":40,"code":22589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22591,22592,22601,22610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22593,22594,22596,22598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22595,7932],{"class":53},[47,22597,136],{"class":61},[47,22599,22600],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22602,22603,22605,22607],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22604,20156],{"class":53},[47,22606,136],{"class":61},[47,22608,22609],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22611,22612,22614,22616],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22613,9563],{"class":53},[47,22615,136],{"class":61},[47,22617,22618],{"class":65}," 14\n",[20,22620,22621],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,22623,22625],{"className":40,"code":22624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22626,22627,22679,22683,22695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22628,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22630,13126],{"class":53},[47,22632,58],{"class":57},[47,22634,10756],{"class":61},[47,22636,633],{"class":632},[47,22638,7932],{"class":636},[47,22640,633],{"class":632},[47,22642,136],{"class":61},[47,22644,644],{"class":632},[47,22646,8185],{"class":636},[47,22648,633],{"class":632},[47,22650,69],{"class":61},[47,22652,644],{"class":632},[47,22654,20156],{"class":636},[47,22656,633],{"class":632},[47,22658,136],{"class":61},[47,22660,644],{"class":632},[47,22662,22511],{"class":636},[47,22664,633],{"class":632},[47,22666,69],{"class":61},[47,22668,644],{"class":632},[47,22670,9563],{"class":636},[47,22672,633],{"class":632},[47,22674,136],{"class":61},[47,22676,14122],{"class":65},[47,22678,9573],{"class":61},[47,22680,22681],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22682,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22684,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22686,6224],{"class":2027},[47,22688,18474],{"class":53},[47,22690,2034],{"class":2027},[47,22692,13169],{"class":53},[47,22694,6657],{"class":61},[47,22696,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,22698,8333],{"class":102},[47,22700,106],{"class":61},[47,22702,22560],{"class":2348},[47,22704,633],{"class":636},[47,22706,9542],{"class":65},[47,22708,279],{"class":92},[47,22710,22569],{"class":65},[47,22712,22572],{"class":636},[47,22714,9542],{"class":65},[47,22716,13890],{"class":92},[47,22718,229],{"class":61},[47,22720,279],{"class":92},[47,22722,13537],{"class":61},[47,22724,22569],{"class":65},[47,22726,633],{"class":636},[47,22728,216],{"class":61},[20,22730,6775,22731,22734],{},[15,22732,22733],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22736,22737,22738,89],{},"For a full guide, see ",[252,22739,22741],{"href":22740},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,22743,22745],{"id":22744},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22747,22748],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,22750,22752],{"className":40,"code":22751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22753,22754,22813,22817,22836,22840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22755,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22791,22793,22795,22797,22800,22802,22804,22806,22809,22811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22757,13339],{"class":53},[47,22759,58],{"class":57},[47,22761,10756],{"class":61},[47,22763,633],{"class":632},[47,22765,647],{"class":636},[47,22767,633],{"class":632},[47,22769,136],{"class":61},[47,22771,644],{"class":632},[47,22773,13356],{"class":636},[47,22775,633],{"class":632},[47,22777,69],{"class":61},[47,22779,644],{"class":632},[47,22781,637],{"class":636},[47,22783,633],{"class":632},[47,22785,136],{"class":61},[47,22787,644],{"class":632},[47,22789,22790],{"class":636},"yellow",[47,22792,633],{"class":632},[47,22794,69],{"class":61},[47,22796,644],{"class":632},[47,22798,22799],{"class":636},"grape",[47,22801,633],{"class":632},[47,22803,136],{"class":61},[47,22805,644],{"class":632},[47,22807,22808],{"class":636},"purple",[47,22810,633],{"class":632},[47,22812,9573],{"class":61},[47,22814,22815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,22816,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22818,22819,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,22820,22821],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22823,58],{"class":57},[47,22825,1644],{"class":882},[47,22827,106],{"class":61},[47,22829,17768],{"class":92},[47,22831,89],{"class":61},[47,22833,1562],{"class":92},[47,22835,1993],{"class":61},[47,22837,22838],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,22839,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,22841,22842,22844,22846,22849],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,22843,103],{"class":102},[47,22845,106],{"class":61},[47,22847,22848],{"class":92},"pairs_list",[47,22850,216],{"class":61},[20,22852,22853],{},[4015,22854,219],{},[38,22856,22858],{"className":40,"code":22857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22859,22860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22861,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22863,22006],{"class":61},[47,22865,699],{"class":632},[47,22867,647],{"class":636},[47,22869,699],{"class":632},[47,22871,69],{"class":61},[47,22873,708],{"class":632},[47,22875,13356],{"class":636},[47,22877,699],{"class":632},[47,22879,9497],{"class":61},[47,22881,9500],{"class":61},[47,22883,699],{"class":632},[47,22885,637],{"class":636},[47,22887,699],{"class":632},[47,22889,69],{"class":61},[47,22891,708],{"class":632},[47,22893,22790],{"class":636},[47,22895,699],{"class":632},[47,22897,9497],{"class":61},[47,22899,9500],{"class":61},[47,22901,699],{"class":632},[47,22903,22799],{"class":636},[47,22905,699],{"class":632},[47,22907,69],{"class":61},[47,22909,708],{"class":632},[47,22911,22808],{"class":636},[47,22913,699],{"class":632},[47,22915,9513],{"class":61},[20,22917,22918],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22920,22921],{},"Use this when:",[138,22923,22924,22927,22930],{},[141,22925,22926],{},"You want clearer printed output",[141,22928,22929],{},"You need list behavior",[141,22931,22932],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[33,22934,22936,1225,22938,1225,22940],{"id":22935},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22937,17343],{},[15,22939,17330],{},[15,22941,17336],{},[20,22943,22944],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[138,22946,22947,22952,22957],{},[141,22948,22949,22951],{},[15,22950,17343],{}," gives both key and value",[141,22953,22954,22956],{},[15,22955,17330],{}," gives only keys",[141,22958,22959,22961],{},[15,22960,17336],{}," gives only values",[20,22963,318],{},[38,22965,22967],{"className":40,"code":22966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22968,22969,23005,23009,23027,23045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22970,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22972,13468],{"class":53},[47,22974,58],{"class":57},[47,22976,10756],{"class":61},[47,22978,633],{"class":632},[47,22980,7932],{"class":636},[47,22982,633],{"class":632},[47,22984,136],{"class":61},[47,22986,644],{"class":632},[47,22988,13143],{"class":636},[47,22990,633],{"class":632},[47,22992,69],{"class":61},[47,22994,644],{"class":632},[47,22996,9563],{"class":636},[47,22998,633],{"class":632},[47,23000,136],{"class":61},[47,23002,9570],{"class":65},[47,23004,9573],{"class":61},[47,23006,23007],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23008,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23012,103],{"class":102},[47,23014,106],{"class":61},[47,23016,8358],{"class":882},[47,23018,106],{"class":61},[47,23020,17572],{"class":92},[47,23022,89],{"class":61},[47,23024,17188],{"class":92},[47,23026,6554],{"class":61},[47,23028,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23030,103],{"class":102},[47,23032,106],{"class":61},[47,23034,8358],{"class":882},[47,23036,106],{"class":61},[47,23038,17572],{"class":92},[47,23040,89],{"class":61},[47,23042,5625],{"class":92},[47,23044,6554],{"class":61},[47,23046,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,23048,103],{"class":102},[47,23050,106],{"class":61},[47,23052,8358],{"class":882},[47,23054,106],{"class":61},[47,23056,17572],{"class":92},[47,23058,89],{"class":61},[47,23060,1562],{"class":92},[47,23062,6554],{"class":61},[20,23064,23065],{},[4015,23066,219],{},[38,23068,23070],{"className":40,"code":23069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23071,23072,23092,23108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23073,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23075,229],{"class":61},[47,23077,699],{"class":632},[47,23079,7932],{"class":636},[47,23081,699],{"class":632},[47,23083,69],{"class":61},[47,23085,708],{"class":632},[47,23087,9563],{"class":636},[47,23089,699],{"class":632},[47,23091,80],{"class":61},[47,23093,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23095,229],{"class":61},[47,23097,699],{"class":632},[47,23099,13143],{"class":636},[47,23101,699],{"class":632},[47,23103,69],{"class":61},[47,23105,9570],{"class":65},[47,23107,80],{"class":61},[47,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23111,22006],{"class":61},[47,23113,699],{"class":632},[47,23115,7932],{"class":636},[47,23117,699],{"class":632},[47,23119,69],{"class":61},[47,23121,708],{"class":632},[47,23123,13143],{"class":636},[47,23125,699],{"class":632},[47,23127,9497],{"class":61},[47,23129,9500],{"class":61},[47,23131,699],{"class":632},[47,23133,9563],{"class":636},[47,23135,699],{"class":632},[47,23137,69],{"class":61},[47,23139,9570],{"class":65},[47,23141,9513],{"class":61},[20,23143,23144],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[138,23146,23147,23155,23163],{},[141,23148,23149,23150],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[252,23151,23153],{"href":23152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23154,17330],{},[141,23156,23157,23158],{},"Need just values? Use ",[252,23159,23161],{"href":23160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23162,17336],{},[141,23164,23165,23166],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23167,17343],{},[33,23169,5227,23171],{"id":23170},"when-to-use-items",[15,23172,17343],{},[20,23174,23175,23177],{},[15,23176,17343],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[138,23179,23180,23183,23186,23189,23192],{},[141,23181,23182],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[141,23184,23185],{},"Building formatted output",[141,23187,23188],{},"Looping through settings and values",[141,23190,23191],{},"Showing names with scores",[141,23193,23194],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23196,318],{},[38,23198,23200],{"className":40,"code":23199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23201,23202,23210,23228,23247,23259,23263,23267,23288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23203,23204,23206,23208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23205,14090],{"class":53},[47,23207,58],{"class":57},[47,23209,11757],{"class":61},[47,23211,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23213,11762],{"class":632},[47,23215,12758],{"class":636},[47,23217,633],{"class":632},[47,23219,136],{"class":61},[47,23221,644],{"class":632},[47,23223,12767],{"class":636},[47,23225,633],{"class":632},[47,23227,11778],{"class":61},[47,23229,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23243,23245],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23231,11762],{"class":632},[47,23233,20388],{"class":636},[47,23235,633],{"class":632},[47,23237,136],{"class":61},[47,23239,644],{"class":632},[47,23241,23242],{"class":636},"English",[47,23244,633],{"class":632},[47,23246,11778],{"class":61},[47,23248,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23250,11762],{"class":632},[47,23252,18790],{"class":636},[47,23254,633],{"class":632},[47,23256,136],{"class":61},[47,23258,6687],{"class":284},[47,23260,23261],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,23262,9573],{"class":61},[47,23264,23265],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,23266,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23268,23269,23271,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,23270,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23272,23273],{"class":53}," setting",[47,23275,69],{"class":61},[47,23277,21850],{"class":53},[47,23279,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23281,14134],{"class":53},[47,23283,89],{"class":61},[47,23285,1562],{"class":92},[47,23287,21861],{"class":61},[47,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23303,23305,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,23291,8333],{"class":102},[47,23293,106],{"class":61},[47,23295,22560],{"class":2348},[47,23297,633],{"class":636},[47,23299,9542],{"class":65},[47,23301,23302],{"class":92},"setting",[47,23304,22569],{"class":65},[47,23306,23307],{"class":636}," = ",[47,23309,9542],{"class":65},[47,23311,2753],{"class":92},[47,23313,22569],{"class":65},[47,23315,633],{"class":636},[47,23317,216],{"class":61},[20,23319,23320],{},[4015,23321,219],{},[38,23323,23325],{"className":40,"code":23324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23326,23327,23337,23347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23328,23329,23332,23334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23330,23331],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,23333,58],{"class":57},[47,23335,23336],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,23338,23339,23342,23344],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23340,23341],{"class":53},"language ",[47,23343,58],{"class":57},[47,23345,23346],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,23348,23349,23352,23354],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23350,23351],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,23353,58],{"class":57},[47,23355,6687],{"class":284},[33,23357,1397],{"id":1396},[20,23359,23360,23361,89],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23362,17343],{},[1404,23364,23366,23367,23369],{"id":23365},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23368,17343],{}," incorrectly",[20,23371,23372,23373,23375,23376,23379],{},"Each result from ",[15,23374,17343],{}," has ",[4015,23377,23378],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23381,6952],{},[38,23383,23384],{"className":40,"code":21796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,23385,23386,23422,23426,23446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23387,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23389,13468],{"class":53},[47,23391,58],{"class":57},[47,23393,10756],{"class":61},[47,23395,633],{"class":632},[47,23397,7932],{"class":636},[47,23399,633],{"class":632},[47,23401,136],{"class":61},[47,23403,644],{"class":632},[47,23405,13143],{"class":636},[47,23407,633],{"class":632},[47,23409,69],{"class":61},[47,23411,644],{"class":632},[47,23413,9563],{"class":636},[47,23415,633],{"class":632},[47,23417,136],{"class":61},[47,23419,9570],{"class":65},[47,23421,9573],{"class":61},[47,23423,23424],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23425,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23427,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23429,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23431,21845],{"class":53},[47,23433,69],{"class":61},[47,23435,21850],{"class":53},[47,23437,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23439,13511],{"class":53},[47,23441,89],{"class":61},[47,23443,1562],{"class":92},[47,23445,21861],{"class":61},[47,23447,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23449,8333],{"class":102},[47,23451,106],{"class":61},[47,23453,279],{"class":92},[47,23455,69],{"class":61},[47,23457,8697],{"class":92},[47,23459,216],{"class":61},[20,23461,23462],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,23464,23466],{"className":40,"code":23465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23467,23468,23504,23508,23524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23469,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23471,13468],{"class":53},[47,23473,58],{"class":57},[47,23475,10756],{"class":61},[47,23477,633],{"class":632},[47,23479,7932],{"class":636},[47,23481,633],{"class":632},[47,23483,136],{"class":61},[47,23485,644],{"class":632},[47,23487,13143],{"class":636},[47,23489,633],{"class":632},[47,23491,69],{"class":61},[47,23493,644],{"class":632},[47,23495,9563],{"class":636},[47,23497,633],{"class":632},[47,23499,136],{"class":61},[47,23501,9570],{"class":65},[47,23503,9573],{"class":61},[47,23505,23506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23507,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23509,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23511,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23513,18474],{"class":53},[47,23515,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23517,13511],{"class":53},[47,23519,89],{"class":61},[47,23521,1562],{"class":92},[47,23523,21861],{"class":61},[47,23525,23526,23528,23530,23532],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23527,8333],{"class":102},[47,23529,106],{"class":61},[47,23531,279],{"class":92},[47,23533,216],{"class":61},[20,23535,23536,23537,23539,23540,23543],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23538,279],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23541,23542],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23545,23546],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,23548,23550],{"className":40,"code":23549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23551,23552,23568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23553,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23555,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23557,2031],{"class":53},[47,23559,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23561,13511],{"class":53},[47,23563,89],{"class":61},[47,23565,1562],{"class":92},[47,23567,21861],{"class":61},[47,23569,23570,23572,23574,23576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23571,8333],{"class":102},[47,23573,106],{"class":61},[47,23575,2022],{"class":92},[47,23577,216],{"class":61},[20,23579,23580],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,23582,23584],{"className":40,"code":23583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23585,23586,23606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23587,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23589,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23591,21845],{"class":53},[47,23593,69],{"class":61},[47,23595,21850],{"class":53},[47,23597,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23599,13511],{"class":53},[47,23601,89],{"class":61},[47,23603,1562],{"class":92},[47,23605,21861],{"class":61},[47,23607,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23609,8333],{"class":102},[47,23611,106],{"class":61},[47,23613,279],{"class":92},[47,23615,69],{"class":61},[47,23617,8697],{"class":92},[47,23619,216],{"class":61},[1404,23621,8717,23623,23625],{"id":23622},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23624,17343],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23627,23628,22241,23630,23632],{},[15,23629,17343],{},[15,23631,22174],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23634,23635],{},"Check it:",[38,23637,23639],{"className":40,"code":23638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23640,23641,23673,23677,23691,23709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23642,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23644,11989],{"class":53},[47,23646,58],{"class":57},[47,23648,10756],{"class":61},[47,23650,633],{"class":632},[47,23652,252],{"class":636},[47,23654,633],{"class":632},[47,23656,136],{"class":61},[47,23658,72],{"class":65},[47,23660,69],{"class":61},[47,23662,644],{"class":632},[47,23664,5026],{"class":636},[47,23666,633],{"class":632},[47,23668,136],{"class":61},[47,23670,77],{"class":65},[47,23672,9573],{"class":61},[47,23674,23675],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23676,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23678,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23680,103],{"class":102},[47,23682,106],{"class":61},[47,23684,11713],{"class":92},[47,23686,89],{"class":61},[47,23688,1562],{"class":92},[47,23690,1993],{"class":61},[47,23692,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23694,103],{"class":102},[47,23696,106],{"class":61},[47,23698,1971],{"class":882},[47,23700,106],{"class":61},[47,23702,11713],{"class":92},[47,23704,89],{"class":61},[47,23706,1562],{"class":92},[47,23708,6554],{"class":61},[47,23710,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,23712,103],{"class":102},[47,23714,106],{"class":61},[47,23716,8358],{"class":882},[47,23718,106],{"class":61},[47,23720,11713],{"class":92},[47,23722,89],{"class":61},[47,23724,1562],{"class":92},[47,23726,6554],{"class":61},[20,23728,23729],{},[4015,23730,219],{},[38,23732,23734],{"className":40,"code":23733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23735,23736,23768,23782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23737,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23739,22174],{"class":92},[47,23741,9922],{"class":61},[47,23743,699],{"class":632},[47,23745,252],{"class":636},[47,23747,699],{"class":632},[47,23749,69],{"class":61},[47,23751,72],{"class":65},[47,23753,9497],{"class":61},[47,23755,9500],{"class":61},[47,23757,699],{"class":632},[47,23759,5026],{"class":636},[47,23761,699],{"class":632},[47,23763,69],{"class":61},[47,23765,77],{"class":65},[47,23767,10944],{"class":61},[47,23769,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23771,3568],{"class":57},[47,23773,3571],{"class":2348},[47,23775,708],{"class":632},[47,23777,22174],{"class":636},[47,23779,699],{"class":632},[47,23781,3580],{"class":57},[47,23783,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23785,22006],{"class":61},[47,23787,699],{"class":632},[47,23789,252],{"class":636},[47,23791,699],{"class":632},[47,23793,69],{"class":61},[47,23795,72],{"class":65},[47,23797,9497],{"class":61},[47,23799,9500],{"class":61},[47,23801,699],{"class":632},[47,23803,5026],{"class":636},[47,23805,699],{"class":632},[47,23807,69],{"class":61},[47,23809,77],{"class":65},[47,23811,9513],{"class":61},[1404,23813,23815,23816],{"id":23814},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23817,17343],{},[20,23819,23820],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23822,23823],{},"Problem example:",[38,23825,23827],{"className":40,"code":23826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23828,23829,23873,23877,23897,23909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23832,54],{"class":53},[47,23834,58],{"class":57},[47,23836,10756],{"class":61},[47,23838,633],{"class":632},[47,23840,252],{"class":636},[47,23842,633],{"class":632},[47,23844,136],{"class":61},[47,23846,72],{"class":65},[47,23848,69],{"class":61},[47,23850,644],{"class":632},[47,23852,5026],{"class":636},[47,23854,633],{"class":632},[47,23856,136],{"class":61},[47,23858,77],{"class":65},[47,23860,69],{"class":61},[47,23862,644],{"class":632},[47,23864,10004],{"class":636},[47,23866,633],{"class":632},[47,23868,136],{"class":61},[47,23870,442],{"class":65},[47,23872,9573],{"class":61},[47,23874,23875],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23876,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23878,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23880,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23882,21845],{"class":53},[47,23884,69],{"class":61},[47,23886,21850],{"class":53},[47,23888,2034],{"class":2027},[47,23890,1447],{"class":53},[47,23892,89],{"class":61},[47,23894,1562],{"class":92},[47,23896,21861],{"class":61},[47,23898,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,23900,6662],{"class":2027},[47,23902,21850],{"class":53},[47,23904,4954],{"class":57},[47,23906,77],{"class":65},[47,23908,6657],{"class":61},[47,23910,23911,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,23912,23913],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23915,229],{"class":61},[47,23917,633],{"class":632},[47,23919,19032],{"class":636},[47,23921,633],{"class":632},[47,23923,13537],{"class":61},[47,23925,13540],{"class":57},[47,23927,23928],{"class":65}," 4\n",[20,23930,23931],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23933,23934],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,23936,23938],{"className":40,"code":23937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23939,23940,23984,23988,24013,24025,24043,24047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23941,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23943,54],{"class":53},[47,23945,58],{"class":57},[47,23947,10756],{"class":61},[47,23949,633],{"class":632},[47,23951,252],{"class":636},[47,23953,633],{"class":632},[47,23955,136],{"class":61},[47,23957,72],{"class":65},[47,23959,69],{"class":61},[47,23961,644],{"class":632},[47,23963,5026],{"class":636},[47,23965,633],{"class":632},[47,23967,136],{"class":61},[47,23969,77],{"class":65},[47,23971,69],{"class":61},[47,23973,644],{"class":632},[47,23975,10004],{"class":636},[47,23977,633],{"class":632},[47,23979,136],{"class":61},[47,23981,442],{"class":65},[47,23983,9573],{"class":61},[47,23985,23986],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,23987,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,23989,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,23991,6224],{"class":2027},[47,23993,21845],{"class":53},[47,23995,69],{"class":61},[47,23997,21850],{"class":53},[47,23999,2034],{"class":2027},[47,24001,1644],{"class":882},[47,24003,106],{"class":61},[47,24005,86],{"class":92},[47,24007,89],{"class":61},[47,24009,1562],{"class":92},[47,24011,24012],{"class":61},"()):\n",[47,24014,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,24016,6662],{"class":2027},[47,24018,21850],{"class":53},[47,24020,4954],{"class":57},[47,24022,77],{"class":65},[47,24024,6657],{"class":61},[47,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,24028,23913],{"class":53},[47,24030,229],{"class":61},[47,24032,633],{"class":632},[47,24034,19032],{"class":636},[47,24036,633],{"class":632},[47,24038,13537],{"class":61},[47,24040,13540],{"class":57},[47,24042,23928],{"class":65},[47,24044,24045],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,24046,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,24050,103],{"class":102},[47,24052,106],{"class":61},[47,24054,86],{"class":92},[47,24056,216],{"class":61},[1404,24058,24060],{"id":24059},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24062,24063],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,24065,24067],{"className":40,"code":24066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24068,24069,24101,24105,24121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24070,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24072,9430],{"class":53},[47,24074,58],{"class":57},[47,24076,10756],{"class":61},[47,24078,633],{"class":632},[47,24080,2456],{"class":636},[47,24082,633],{"class":632},[47,24084,136],{"class":61},[47,24086,503],{"class":65},[47,24088,69],{"class":61},[47,24090,644],{"class":632},[47,24092,1739],{"class":636},[47,24094,633],{"class":632},[47,24096,136],{"class":61},[47,24098,8054],{"class":65},[47,24100,9573],{"class":61},[47,24102,24103],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24104,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24106,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,24108,6224],{"class":2027},[47,24110,2031],{"class":53},[47,24112,2034],{"class":2027},[47,24114,14831],{"class":53},[47,24116,89],{"class":61},[47,24118,1562],{"class":92},[47,24120,21861],{"class":61},[47,24122,24123,24125,24127,24129],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,24124,8333],{"class":102},[47,24126,106],{"class":61},[47,24128,2022],{"class":92},[47,24130,216],{"class":61},[20,24132,24133],{},[4015,24134,219],{},[38,24136,24138],{"className":40,"code":24137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24139,24140,24156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24141,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24143,106],{"class":61},[47,24145,699],{"class":632},[47,24147,2456],{"class":636},[47,24149,699],{"class":632},[47,24151,69],{"class":61},[47,24153,503],{"class":65},[47,24155,216],{"class":61},[47,24157,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24159,106],{"class":61},[47,24161,699],{"class":632},[47,24163,1739],{"class":636},[47,24165,699],{"class":632},[47,24167,69],{"class":61},[47,24169,8054],{"class":65},[47,24171,216],{"class":61},[20,24173,24174,24175,24177],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24176,21921],{}," pair.",[33,24179,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,24181,24183,24184,5411],{"id":24182},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24185,17343],{},[20,24187,17687,24188,24190],{},[15,24189,22174],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1404,24192,2082,24194,24196],{"id":24193},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24195,17343],{}," return a list?",[20,24198,24199,24200,24203],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24201,24202],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1404,24205,24207,24208,2099],{"id":24206},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24209,17343],{},[20,24211,24212],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,24214,24216],{"className":40,"code":24215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24217,24218,24238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24219,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24221,6224],{"class":2027},[47,24223,21845],{"class":53},[47,24225,69],{"class":61},[47,24227,21850],{"class":53},[47,24229,2034],{"class":2027},[47,24231,12030],{"class":53},[47,24233,89],{"class":61},[47,24235,1562],{"class":92},[47,24237,21861],{"class":61},[47,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24241,8333],{"class":102},[47,24243,106],{"class":61},[47,24245,279],{"class":92},[47,24247,69],{"class":61},[47,24249,8697],{"class":92},[47,24251,216],{"class":61},[1404,24253,2082,24255,24257],{"id":24254},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24256,17343],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24259,24260],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[33,24262,2187],{"id":2186},[138,24264,24265,24271,24277,24282,24286],{},[141,24266,24267],{},[252,24268,11002,24269,11006],{"href":23152},[15,24270,17330],{},[141,24272,24273],{},[252,24274,11002,24275,11006],{"href":23160},[15,24276,17336],{},[141,24278,24279],{},[252,24280,24281],{"href":22740},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[141,24283,24284],{},[252,24285,9420],{"href":13286},[141,24287,24288],{},[252,24289,24290],{"href":22044},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2210,24292,24293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":24295},[24296,24297,24299,24300,24301,24303,24304,24306,24308,24317,24327],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":21904,"depth":83,"text":24298},"What items() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":22235,"depth":83,"text":22236},{"id":22461,"depth":83,"text":24302},"Looping with items()",{"id":22744,"depth":83,"text":22745},{"id":22935,"depth":83,"text":24305},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23170,"depth":83,"text":24307},"When to use items()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":24309},[24310,24312,24314,24316],{"id":23365,"depth":99,"text":24311},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23622,"depth":99,"text":24313},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23814,"depth":99,"text":24315},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24059,"depth":99,"text":24060},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":24318},[24319,24321,24323,24325],{"id":24182,"depth":99,"text":24320},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24193,"depth":99,"text":24322},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24206,"depth":99,"text":24324},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24254,"depth":99,"text":24326},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21772,"description":24328},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24335,"title":24336,"body":24337,"description":26426,"extension":2248,"meta":26427,"navigation":203,"path":23152,"seo":26428,"stem":26429,"__hash__":26430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24338,"toc":26392},[24339,24344,24350,24353,24364,24371,24373,24456,24460,24507,24512,24517,24522,24524,24540,24542,24641,24645,24702,24705,24707,24710,24803,24807,24870,24873,24889,24894,24896,24898,24913,24915,24926,24928,24971,24974,25017,25020,25022,25029,25032,25049,25051,25144,25148,25189,25201,25205,25208,25296,25300,25320,25323,25350,25357,25362,25366,25377,25379,25483,25487,25513,25516,25583,25588,25591,25614,25619,25623,25628,25634,25639,25641,25696,25700,25727,25734,25740,25743,25768,25774,25800,25803,25878,25885,25890,25892,25931,25949,25953,25955,25998,26001,26003,26022,26024,26029,26054,26057,26127,26130,26203,26207,26209,26270,26273,26289,26291,26296,26301,26308,26317,26323,26329,26336,26342,26346,26351,26353,26389],[10,24340,11583,24342,18],{"id":24341},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24343,17330],{},[20,24345,24346,24347,24349],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24348,17330],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24351,24352],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[138,24354,24355,24358,24361],{},[141,24356,24357],{},"view the available keys",[141,24359,24360],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[141,24362,24363],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24365,24366,24368,24369,89],{},[15,24367,17330],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24370,17279],{},[33,24372,36],{"id":35},[38,24374,24376],{"className":40,"code":24375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24377,24378,24414,24428,24432,24442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24379,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24381,13126],{"class":53},[47,24383,58],{"class":57},[47,24385,10756],{"class":61},[47,24387,633],{"class":632},[47,24389,7932],{"class":636},[47,24391,633],{"class":632},[47,24393,136],{"class":61},[47,24395,644],{"class":632},[47,24397,13143],{"class":636},[47,24399,633],{"class":632},[47,24401,69],{"class":61},[47,24403,644],{"class":632},[47,24405,9563],{"class":636},[47,24407,633],{"class":632},[47,24409,136],{"class":61},[47,24411,8054],{"class":65},[47,24413,9573],{"class":61},[47,24415,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24417,17507],{"class":53},[47,24419,58],{"class":57},[47,24421,13169],{"class":53},[47,24423,89],{"class":61},[47,24425,17188],{"class":92},[47,24427,96],{"class":61},[47,24429,24430],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,24431,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24433,24434,24436,24438,24440],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,24435,103],{"class":102},[47,24437,106],{"class":61},[47,24439,17188],{"class":92},[47,24441,216],{"class":61},[47,24443,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,24445,103],{"class":102},[47,24447,106],{"class":61},[47,24449,8358],{"class":882},[47,24451,106],{"class":61},[47,24453,17188],{"class":92},[47,24455,1978],{"class":61},[20,24457,24458],{},[4015,24459,219],{},[38,24461,24463],{"className":40,"code":24462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24464,24465,24487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24466,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24468,17279],{"class":92},[47,24470,2015],{"class":61},[47,24472,699],{"class":632},[47,24474,7932],{"class":636},[47,24476,699],{"class":632},[47,24478,69],{"class":61},[47,24480,708],{"class":632},[47,24482,9563],{"class":636},[47,24484,699],{"class":632},[47,24486,2040],{"class":61},[47,24488,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24490,229],{"class":61},[47,24492,699],{"class":632},[47,24494,7932],{"class":636},[47,24496,699],{"class":632},[47,24498,69],{"class":61},[47,24500,708],{"class":632},[47,24502,9563],{"class":636},[47,24504,699],{"class":632},[47,24506,80],{"class":61},[20,24508,118,24509,24511],{},[15,24510,17330],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[33,24513,128,24515,131],{"id":24514},"what-keys-does",[15,24516,17330],{},[20,24518,24519,24521],{},[15,24520,17330],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24523,11722],{},[138,24525,24526,24529,24532,24537],{},[141,24527,24528],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[141,24530,24531],{},"It does not need any arguments",[141,24533,17687,24534,24536],{},[15,24535,17279],{}," view object, not a list",[141,24538,24539],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24541,318],{},[38,24543,24545],{"className":40,"code":24544,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24546,24547,24583,24587,24601,24605,24627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24548,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24550,13468],{"class":53},[47,24552,58],{"class":57},[47,24554,10756],{"class":61},[47,24556,633],{"class":632},[47,24558,7932],{"class":636},[47,24560,633],{"class":632},[47,24562,136],{"class":61},[47,24564,644],{"class":632},[47,24566,13485],{"class":636},[47,24568,633],{"class":632},[47,24570,69],{"class":61},[47,24572,644],{"class":632},[47,24574,9563],{"class":636},[47,24576,633],{"class":632},[47,24578,136],{"class":61},[47,24580,9570],{"class":65},[47,24582,9573],{"class":61},[47,24584,24585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24586,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24588,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,24590,103],{"class":102},[47,24592,106],{"class":61},[47,24594,17572],{"class":92},[47,24596,89],{"class":61},[47,24598,17188],{"class":92},[47,24600,1993],{"class":61},[47,24602,24603],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,24604,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,24608,17572],{"class":53},[47,24610,229],{"class":61},[47,24612,633],{"class":632},[47,24614,10674],{"class":636},[47,24616,633],{"class":632},[47,24618,13537],{"class":61},[47,24620,13540],{"class":57},[47,24622,644],{"class":632},[47,24624,10681],{"class":636},[47,24626,1609],{"class":632},[47,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,24630,103],{"class":102},[47,24632,106],{"class":61},[47,24634,17572],{"class":92},[47,24636,89],{"class":61},[47,24638,17188],{"class":92},[47,24640,1993],{"class":61},[20,24642,24643],{},[4015,24644,219],{},[38,24646,24648],{"className":40,"code":24647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24649,24650,24672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24651,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24653,17279],{"class":92},[47,24655,2015],{"class":61},[47,24657,699],{"class":632},[47,24659,7932],{"class":636},[47,24661,699],{"class":632},[47,24663,69],{"class":61},[47,24665,708],{"class":632},[47,24667,9563],{"class":636},[47,24669,699],{"class":632},[47,24671,2040],{"class":61},[47,24673,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24675,17279],{"class":92},[47,24677,2015],{"class":61},[47,24679,699],{"class":632},[47,24681,7932],{"class":636},[47,24683,699],{"class":632},[47,24685,69],{"class":61},[47,24687,708],{"class":632},[47,24689,9563],{"class":636},[47,24691,699],{"class":632},[47,24693,69],{"class":61},[47,24695,708],{"class":632},[47,24697,10674],{"class":636},[47,24699,699],{"class":632},[47,24701,2040],{"class":61},[20,24703,24704],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[33,24706,6053],{"id":6052},[20,24708,24709],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,24711,24713],{"className":40,"code":24712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24714,24715,24767,24771,24785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24716,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24718,9430],{"class":53},[47,24720,58],{"class":57},[47,24722,10756],{"class":61},[47,24724,633],{"class":632},[47,24726,7932],{"class":636},[47,24728,633],{"class":632},[47,24730,136],{"class":61},[47,24732,644],{"class":632},[47,24734,13143],{"class":636},[47,24736,633],{"class":632},[47,24738,69],{"class":61},[47,24740,644],{"class":632},[47,24742,9563],{"class":636},[47,24744,633],{"class":632},[47,24746,136],{"class":61},[47,24748,8054],{"class":65},[47,24750,69],{"class":61},[47,24752,644],{"class":632},[47,24754,20156],{"class":636},[47,24756,633],{"class":632},[47,24758,136],{"class":61},[47,24760,644],{"class":632},[47,24762,22511],{"class":636},[47,24764,633],{"class":632},[47,24766,9573],{"class":61},[47,24768,24769],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24770,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,24772,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,24774,103],{"class":102},[47,24776,106],{"class":61},[47,24778,9468],{"class":92},[47,24780,89],{"class":61},[47,24782,17188],{"class":92},[47,24784,1993],{"class":61},[47,24786,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,24788,103],{"class":102},[47,24790,106],{"class":61},[47,24792,8358],{"class":882},[47,24794,106],{"class":61},[47,24796,9468],{"class":92},[47,24798,89],{"class":61},[47,24800,17188],{"class":92},[47,24802,6554],{"class":61},[20,24804,24805],{},[4015,24806,219],{},[38,24808,24810],{"className":40,"code":24809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24811,24812,24842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24813,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24815,17279],{"class":92},[47,24817,2015],{"class":61},[47,24819,699],{"class":632},[47,24821,7932],{"class":636},[47,24823,699],{"class":632},[47,24825,69],{"class":61},[47,24827,708],{"class":632},[47,24829,9563],{"class":636},[47,24831,699],{"class":632},[47,24833,69],{"class":61},[47,24835,708],{"class":632},[47,24837,20156],{"class":636},[47,24839,699],{"class":632},[47,24841,2040],{"class":61},[47,24843,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24845,229],{"class":61},[47,24847,699],{"class":632},[47,24849,7932],{"class":636},[47,24851,699],{"class":632},[47,24853,69],{"class":61},[47,24855,708],{"class":632},[47,24857,9563],{"class":636},[47,24859,699],{"class":632},[47,24861,69],{"class":61},[47,24863,708],{"class":632},[47,24865,20156],{"class":636},[47,24867,699],{"class":632},[47,24869,80],{"class":61},[20,24871,24872],{},"This shows two things:",[138,24874,24875,24883],{},[141,24876,24877,22241,24880,24882],{},[15,24878,24879],{},"data.keys()",[15,24881,17279],{}," object",[141,24884,24885,24888],{},[15,24886,24887],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24890,9416,24891,89],{},[252,24892,24893],{"href":9655},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[33,24895,5698],{"id":5697},[20,24897,2442],{},[38,24899,24901],{"className":40,"code":24900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24902,24903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24904,24905,24907,24909,24911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24906,11713],{"class":53},[47,24908,89],{"class":61},[47,24910,17188],{"class":92},[47,24912,96],{"class":61},[20,24914,22066],{},[138,24916,24917,24920,24923],{},[141,24918,24919],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[141,24921,24922],{},"It takes no parameters",[141,24924,24925],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24927,16920],{},[38,24929,24931],{"className":40,"code":24930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24932,24933,24957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24934,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24936,13126],{"class":53},[47,24938,58],{"class":57},[47,24940,10756],{"class":61},[47,24942,633],{"class":632},[47,24944,7932],{"class":636},[47,24946,633],{"class":632},[47,24948,136],{"class":61},[47,24950,644],{"class":632},[47,24952,13143],{"class":636},[47,24954,633],{"class":632},[47,24956,9573],{"class":61},[47,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,24960,103],{"class":102},[47,24962,106],{"class":61},[47,24964,13890],{"class":92},[47,24966,89],{"class":61},[47,24968,17188],{"class":92},[47,24970,1993],{"class":61},[20,24972,24973],{},"Incorrect:",[38,24975,24977],{"className":40,"code":24976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24978,24979,25003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24980,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24982,13126],{"class":53},[47,24984,58],{"class":57},[47,24986,10756],{"class":61},[47,24988,633],{"class":632},[47,24990,7932],{"class":636},[47,24992,633],{"class":632},[47,24994,136],{"class":61},[47,24996,644],{"class":632},[47,24998,13143],{"class":636},[47,25000,633],{"class":632},[47,25002,9573],{"class":61},[47,25004,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25006,103],{"class":102},[47,25008,106],{"class":61},[47,25010,13890],{"class":92},[47,25012,89],{"class":61},[47,25014,17188],{"class":888},[47,25016,216],{"class":61},[20,25018,25019],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[33,25021,17684],{"id":17683},[20,25023,25024,22241,25026,25028],{},[15,25025,17330],{},[15,25027,17279],{}," object.",[20,25030,25031],{},"This object:",[138,25033,25034,25037,25040,25046],{},[141,25035,25036],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[141,25038,25039],{},"can be used in a loop",[141,25041,25042,25043],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25044,25045],{},"list()",[141,25047,25048],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25050,318],{},[38,25052,25054],{"className":40,"code":25053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25055,25056,25097,25101,25116,25120,25130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25057,25058,25061,25063,25065,25067,25070,25072,25074,25076,25079,25081,25083,25085,25088,25090,25092,25095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25059,25060],{"class":53},"car ",[47,25062,58],{"class":57},[47,25064,10756],{"class":61},[47,25066,633],{"class":632},[47,25068,25069],{"class":636},"brand",[47,25071,633],{"class":632},[47,25073,136],{"class":61},[47,25075,644],{"class":632},[47,25077,25078],{"class":636},"Toyota",[47,25080,633],{"class":632},[47,25082,69],{"class":61},[47,25084,644],{"class":632},[47,25086,25087],{"class":636},"year",[47,25089,633],{"class":632},[47,25091,136],{"class":61},[47,25093,25094],{"class":65}," 2020",[47,25096,9573],{"class":61},[47,25098,25099],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25100,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25102,25103,25105,25107,25110,25112,25114],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25104,1442],{"class":53},[47,25106,58],{"class":57},[47,25108,25109],{"class":53}," car",[47,25111,89],{"class":61},[47,25113,17188],{"class":92},[47,25115,96],{"class":61},[47,25117,25118],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,25119,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25121,25122,25124,25126,25128],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,25123,103],{"class":102},[47,25125,106],{"class":61},[47,25127,1466],{"class":92},[47,25129,216],{"class":61},[47,25131,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,25133,103],{"class":102},[47,25135,106],{"class":61},[47,25137,1971],{"class":882},[47,25139,106],{"class":61},[47,25141,1466],{"class":92},[47,25143,1978],{"class":61},[20,25145,25146],{},[4015,25147,219],{},[38,25149,25151],{"className":40,"code":25150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25152,25153,25175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25154,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25156,17279],{"class":92},[47,25158,2015],{"class":61},[47,25160,699],{"class":632},[47,25162,25069],{"class":636},[47,25164,699],{"class":632},[47,25166,69],{"class":61},[47,25168,708],{"class":632},[47,25170,25087],{"class":636},[47,25172,699],{"class":632},[47,25174,2040],{"class":61},[47,25176,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25178,3568],{"class":57},[47,25180,3571],{"class":2348},[47,25182,708],{"class":632},[47,25184,17279],{"class":636},[47,25186,699],{"class":632},[47,25188,3580],{"class":57},[20,25190,25191,25192,25196,25197,89],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[252,25193,11002,25194,11006],{"href":17333},[15,25195,17336],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[252,25198,11002,25199,11006],{"href":17340},[15,25200,17343],{},[33,25202,25204],{"id":25203},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25206,25207],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,25209,25211],{"className":40,"code":25210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25212,25213,25266,25270,25286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25214,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25262,25264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25216,13126],{"class":53},[47,25218,58],{"class":57},[47,25220,10756],{"class":61},[47,25222,633],{"class":632},[47,25224,7932],{"class":636},[47,25226,633],{"class":632},[47,25228,136],{"class":61},[47,25230,644],{"class":632},[47,25232,13143],{"class":636},[47,25234,633],{"class":632},[47,25236,69],{"class":61},[47,25238,644],{"class":632},[47,25240,9563],{"class":636},[47,25242,633],{"class":632},[47,25244,136],{"class":61},[47,25246,8054],{"class":65},[47,25248,69],{"class":61},[47,25250,644],{"class":632},[47,25252,15593],{"class":636},[47,25254,633],{"class":632},[47,25256,136],{"class":61},[47,25258,644],{"class":632},[47,25260,25261],{"class":636},"Math",[47,25263,633],{"class":632},[47,25265,9573],{"class":61},[47,25267,25268],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25269,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25271,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25273,6224],{"class":2027},[47,25275,18474],{"class":53},[47,25277,2034],{"class":2027},[47,25279,13169],{"class":53},[47,25281,89],{"class":61},[47,25283,17188],{"class":92},[47,25285,21861],{"class":61},[47,25287,25288,25290,25292,25294],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,25289,8333],{"class":102},[47,25291,106],{"class":61},[47,25293,279],{"class":92},[47,25295,216],{"class":61},[20,25297,25298],{},[4015,25299,219],{},[38,25301,25303],{"className":40,"code":25302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25304,25305,25310,25315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25306,25307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25308,25309],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,25311,25312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25313,25314],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,25316,25317],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25318,25319],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,25321,25322],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,25324,25326],{"className":40,"code":25325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25327,25328,25340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25329,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25331,6224],{"class":2027},[47,25333,18474],{"class":53},[47,25335,2034],{"class":2027},[47,25337,13169],{"class":53},[47,25339,6657],{"class":61},[47,25341,25342,25344,25346,25348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25343,8333],{"class":102},[47,25345,106],{"class":61},[47,25347,279],{"class":92},[47,25349,216],{"class":61},[20,25351,25352,25353,25356],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25354,25355],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[33,25358,5227,25360],{"id":25359},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25361,17330],{},[20,25363,118,25364,10866],{},[15,25365,17330],{},[138,25367,25368,25371,25374],{},[141,25369,25370],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[141,25372,25373],{},"you want to display available fields",[141,25375,25376],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25378,318],{},[38,25380,25382],{"className":40,"code":25381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25383,25384,25437,25441,25456,25473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25385,25386,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25406,25408,25410,25412,25415,25417,25419,25422,25424,25426,25429,25431,25433,25435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25387,25388],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25390,58],{"class":57},[47,25392,10756],{"class":61},[47,25394,633],{"class":632},[47,25396,7932],{"class":636},[47,25398,633],{"class":632},[47,25400,136],{"class":61},[47,25402,644],{"class":632},[47,25404,25405],{"class":636},"Book",[47,25407,633],{"class":632},[47,25409,69],{"class":61},[47,25411,644],{"class":632},[47,25413,25414],{"class":636},"price",[47,25416,633],{"class":632},[47,25418,136],{"class":61},[47,25420,25421],{"class":65}," 12.99",[47,25423,69],{"class":61},[47,25425,644],{"class":632},[47,25427,25428],{"class":636},"stock",[47,25430,633],{"class":632},[47,25432,136],{"class":61},[47,25434,241],{"class":65},[47,25436,9573],{"class":61},[47,25438,25439],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25440,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25442,25443,25445,25447,25449,25452,25454],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25444,103],{"class":102},[47,25446,106],{"class":61},[47,25448,633],{"class":632},[47,25450,25451],{"class":636},"Available fields:",[47,25453,633],{"class":632},[47,25455,216],{"class":61},[47,25457,25458,25460,25462,25464,25467,25469,25471],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,25459,6224],{"class":2027},[47,25461,18474],{"class":53},[47,25463,2034],{"class":2027},[47,25465,25466],{"class":53}," product",[47,25468,89],{"class":61},[47,25470,17188],{"class":92},[47,25472,21861],{"class":61},[47,25474,25475,25477,25479,25481],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,25476,8333],{"class":102},[47,25478,106],{"class":61},[47,25480,279],{"class":92},[47,25482,216],{"class":61},[20,25484,25485],{},[4015,25486,219],{},[38,25488,25490],{"className":40,"code":25489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25491,25492,25499,25503,25508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25493,25494,25497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25495,25496],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25498,6657],{"class":61},[47,25500,25501],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25502,25309],{"class":53},[47,25504,25505],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25506,25507],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25509,25510],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,25511,25512],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,25514,25515],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,25517,25519],{"className":40,"code":25518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25520,25521,25557,25561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25522,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25524,25388],{"class":53},[47,25526,58],{"class":57},[47,25528,10756],{"class":61},[47,25530,633],{"class":632},[47,25532,7932],{"class":636},[47,25534,633],{"class":632},[47,25536,136],{"class":61},[47,25538,644],{"class":632},[47,25540,25405],{"class":636},[47,25542,633],{"class":632},[47,25544,69],{"class":61},[47,25546,644],{"class":632},[47,25548,25414],{"class":636},[47,25550,633],{"class":632},[47,25552,136],{"class":61},[47,25554,25421],{"class":65},[47,25556,9573],{"class":61},[47,25558,25559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25560,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25562,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25564,103],{"class":102},[47,25566,106],{"class":61},[47,25568,633],{"class":632},[47,25570,7932],{"class":636},[47,25572,633],{"class":632},[47,25574,21439],{"class":2027},[47,25576,25466],{"class":92},[47,25578,89],{"class":61},[47,25580,17188],{"class":92},[47,25582,1993],{"class":61},[20,25584,25585,25586,89],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25587,367],{},[20,25589,25590],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,25592,25594],{"className":40,"code":25593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25595,25596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25597,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25599,103],{"class":102},[47,25601,106],{"class":61},[47,25603,633],{"class":632},[47,25605,7932],{"class":636},[47,25607,633],{"class":632},[47,25609,21439],{"class":2027},[47,25611,25466],{"class":92},[47,25613,216],{"class":61},[20,25615,25616,25617,89],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[252,25618,21472],{"href":17418},[33,25620,25622],{"id":25621},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25624,25625,25626,89],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25627,17330],{},[1404,25629,8717,25631,25633],{"id":25630},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25632,17330],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25635,25636,25638],{},[15,25637,17330],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25640,318],{},[38,25642,25644],{"className":40,"code":25643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25645,25646,25682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25647,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25649,9430],{"class":53},[47,25651,58],{"class":57},[47,25653,10756],{"class":61},[47,25655,633],{"class":632},[47,25657,7932],{"class":636},[47,25659,633],{"class":632},[47,25661,136],{"class":61},[47,25663,644],{"class":632},[47,25665,13143],{"class":636},[47,25667,633],{"class":632},[47,25669,69],{"class":61},[47,25671,644],{"class":632},[47,25673,9563],{"class":636},[47,25675,633],{"class":632},[47,25677,136],{"class":61},[47,25679,8054],{"class":65},[47,25681,9573],{"class":61},[47,25683,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25685,103],{"class":102},[47,25687,106],{"class":61},[47,25689,9468],{"class":92},[47,25691,89],{"class":61},[47,25693,17188],{"class":92},[47,25695,1993],{"class":61},[20,25697,25698],{},[4015,25699,219],{},[38,25701,25703],{"className":40,"code":25702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25704,25705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25706,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25708,17279],{"class":92},[47,25710,2015],{"class":61},[47,25712,699],{"class":632},[47,25714,7932],{"class":636},[47,25716,699],{"class":632},[47,25718,69],{"class":61},[47,25720,708],{"class":632},[47,25722,9563],{"class":636},[47,25724,699],{"class":632},[47,25726,2040],{"class":61},[20,25728,25729,25730,89],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[252,25731,25732],{"href":17340},[15,25733,17343],{},[1404,25735,25737,25738],{"id":25736},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25739,17279],{},[20,25741,25742],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,25744,25746],{"className":40,"code":25745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25747,25748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25749,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25751,229],{"class":61},[47,25753,699],{"class":632},[47,25755,7932],{"class":636},[47,25757,699],{"class":632},[47,25759,69],{"class":61},[47,25761,708],{"class":632},[47,25763,9563],{"class":636},[47,25765,699],{"class":632},[47,25767,80],{"class":61},[20,25769,25770,25771,25773],{},"But ",[15,25772,17330],{}," returns:",[38,25775,25776],{"className":40,"code":25702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,25777,25778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25779,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25781,17279],{"class":92},[47,25783,2015],{"class":61},[47,25785,699],{"class":632},[47,25787,7932],{"class":636},[47,25789,699],{"class":632},[47,25791,69],{"class":61},[47,25793,708],{"class":632},[47,25795,9563],{"class":636},[47,25797,699],{"class":632},[47,25799,2040],{"class":61},[20,25801,25802],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,25804,25806],{"className":40,"code":25805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25807,25808,25844,25863,25867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25809,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25811,9430],{"class":53},[47,25813,58],{"class":57},[47,25815,10756],{"class":61},[47,25817,633],{"class":632},[47,25819,7932],{"class":636},[47,25821,633],{"class":632},[47,25823,136],{"class":61},[47,25825,644],{"class":632},[47,25827,13143],{"class":636},[47,25829,633],{"class":632},[47,25831,69],{"class":61},[47,25833,644],{"class":632},[47,25835,9563],{"class":636},[47,25837,633],{"class":632},[47,25839,136],{"class":61},[47,25841,8054],{"class":65},[47,25843,9573],{"class":61},[47,25845,25846,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25847,25848],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25850,58],{"class":57},[47,25852,1644],{"class":882},[47,25854,106],{"class":61},[47,25856,9468],{"class":92},[47,25858,89],{"class":61},[47,25860,17188],{"class":92},[47,25862,1993],{"class":61},[47,25864,25865],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,25866,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,25868,25869,25871,25873,25876],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,25870,103],{"class":102},[47,25872,106],{"class":61},[47,25874,25875],{"class":92},"key_list",[47,25877,216],{"class":61},[1404,25879,25881,25882,25884],{"id":25880},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25883,17330],{}," on a list or string",[20,25886,25887,25889],{},[15,25888,17330],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25891,3116],{},[38,25893,25895],{"className":40,"code":25894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25896,25897,25917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25900,54],{"class":53},[47,25902,58],{"class":57},[47,25904,62],{"class":61},[47,25906,232],{"class":65},[47,25908,69],{"class":61},[47,25910,77],{"class":65},[47,25912,69],{"class":61},[47,25914,442],{"class":65},[47,25916,80],{"class":61},[47,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25920,103],{"class":102},[47,25922,106],{"class":61},[47,25924,86],{"class":92},[47,25926,89],{"class":61},[47,25928,17188],{"class":92},[47,25930,1993],{"class":61},[20,25932,25933,25934,25937,25938,25940,25941,89],{},"You may get an ",[15,25935,25936],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25939,17330],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[252,25942,25944,25945,25948],{"href":25943},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25946,25947],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1404,25950,25952],{"id":25951},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25954,1412],{},[38,25956,25958],{"className":40,"code":25957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25959,25960,25984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25961,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25963,9430],{"class":53},[47,25965,58],{"class":57},[47,25967,10756],{"class":61},[47,25969,633],{"class":632},[47,25971,7932],{"class":636},[47,25973,633],{"class":632},[47,25975,136],{"class":61},[47,25977,644],{"class":632},[47,25979,13143],{"class":636},[47,25981,633],{"class":632},[47,25983,9573],{"class":61},[47,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,25987,103],{"class":102},[47,25989,106],{"class":61},[47,25991,9468],{"class":92},[47,25993,89],{"class":61},[47,25995,17188],{"class":888},[47,25997,216],{"class":61},[20,25999,26000],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26002,2114],{},[38,26004,26006],{"className":40,"code":26005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26007,26008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26009,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26011,103],{"class":102},[47,26013,106],{"class":61},[47,26015,9468],{"class":92},[47,26017,89],{"class":61},[47,26019,17188],{"class":92},[47,26021,1993],{"class":61},[33,26023,1397],{"id":1396},[20,26025,26026,26027,136],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26028,17330],{},[138,26030,26031,26036,26042,26048],{},[141,26032,8681,26033,26035],{},[15,26034,17330],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[141,26037,26038,26039,26041],{},"Thinking ",[15,26040,17330],{}," returns values too",[141,26043,26044,26045,26047],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26046,17279],{}," like a normal list",[141,26049,26050,26051,26053],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26052,17279],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26055,26056],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,26058,26060],{"className":40,"code":26059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26061,26062,26094,26108,26112,26122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26063,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26065,9430],{"class":53},[47,26067,58],{"class":57},[47,26069,10756],{"class":61},[47,26071,633],{"class":632},[47,26073,252],{"class":636},[47,26075,633],{"class":632},[47,26077,136],{"class":61},[47,26079,72],{"class":65},[47,26081,69],{"class":61},[47,26083,644],{"class":632},[47,26085,5026],{"class":636},[47,26087,633],{"class":632},[47,26089,136],{"class":61},[47,26091,77],{"class":65},[47,26093,9573],{"class":61},[47,26095,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26097,17507],{"class":53},[47,26099,58],{"class":57},[47,26101,14831],{"class":53},[47,26103,89],{"class":61},[47,26105,17188],{"class":92},[47,26107,96],{"class":61},[47,26109,26110],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26111,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26113,26114,26116,26118,26120],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26115,103],{"class":102},[47,26117,106],{"class":61},[47,26119,17188],{"class":92},[47,26121,216],{"class":61},[47,26123,26124],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,26125,26126],{"class":114},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26128,26129],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,26131,26133],{"className":40,"code":26132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26134,26135,26167,26185,26189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26136,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26138,9430],{"class":53},[47,26140,58],{"class":57},[47,26142,10756],{"class":61},[47,26144,633],{"class":632},[47,26146,252],{"class":636},[47,26148,633],{"class":632},[47,26150,136],{"class":61},[47,26152,72],{"class":65},[47,26154,69],{"class":61},[47,26156,644],{"class":632},[47,26158,5026],{"class":636},[47,26160,633],{"class":632},[47,26162,136],{"class":61},[47,26164,77],{"class":65},[47,26166,9573],{"class":61},[47,26168,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26170,17507],{"class":53},[47,26172,58],{"class":57},[47,26174,1644],{"class":882},[47,26176,106],{"class":61},[47,26178,9468],{"class":92},[47,26180,89],{"class":61},[47,26182,17188],{"class":92},[47,26184,1993],{"class":61},[47,26186,26187],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26188,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26190,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26192,103],{"class":102},[47,26194,106],{"class":61},[47,26196,17188],{"class":92},[47,26198,229],{"class":61},[47,26200,2403],{"class":65},[47,26202,2040],{"class":61},[33,26204,26206],{"id":26205},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26208,11379],{},[38,26210,26212],{"className":40,"code":26211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26213,26214,26228,26238,26252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26215,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26217,103],{"class":102},[47,26219,106],{"class":61},[47,26221,1971],{"class":882},[47,26223,106],{"class":61},[47,26225,11713],{"class":92},[47,26227,1978],{"class":61},[47,26229,26230,26232,26234,26236],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26231,103],{"class":102},[47,26233,106],{"class":61},[47,26235,11713],{"class":92},[47,26237,216],{"class":61},[47,26239,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26241,103],{"class":102},[47,26243,106],{"class":61},[47,26245,11713],{"class":92},[47,26247,89],{"class":61},[47,26249,17188],{"class":92},[47,26251,1993],{"class":61},[47,26253,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26255,103],{"class":102},[47,26257,106],{"class":61},[47,26259,8358],{"class":882},[47,26261,106],{"class":61},[47,26263,11713],{"class":92},[47,26265,89],{"class":61},[47,26267,17188],{"class":92},[47,26269,6554],{"class":61},[20,26271,26272],{},"These help you confirm:",[138,26274,26275,26278,26281,26286],{},[141,26276,26277],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[141,26279,26280],{},"what data it contains",[141,26282,26283,26284,11970],{},"what ",[15,26285,17330],{},[141,26287,26288],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[33,26290,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,26292,24183,26294,5411],{"id":26293},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26295,17330],{},[20,26297,17687,26298,26300],{},[15,26299,17279],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1404,26302,15167,26304,26307],{"id":26303},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26305,26306],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26309,26310,26311,26313,26314,89],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26312,17279],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26315,26316],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1404,26318,26320,26321,2099],{"id":26319},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26322,26306],{},[20,26324,26325,26326,26328],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26327,6224],{}," loop.",[1404,26330,26332,26333,26335],{"id":26331},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26334,17330],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26337,26338,26339,26341],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26340,17330],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1404,26343,26345],{"id":26344},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26347,118,26348,89],{},[15,26349,26350],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[33,26352,2187],{"id":2186},[138,26354,26355,26360,26366,26372,26378,26382],{},[141,26356,26357],{},[252,26358,26359],{"href":9655},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[141,26361,26362],{},[252,26363,11002,26364,11006],{"href":17333},[15,26365,17336],{},[141,26367,26368],{},[252,26369,11002,26370,11006],{"href":17340},[15,26371,17343],{},[141,26373,26374],{},[252,26375,26377],{"href":26376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[141,26379,26380],{},[252,26381,17419],{"href":17418},[141,26383,26384],{},[252,26385,26386,26387,25948],{"href":25943},"How to fix ",[15,26388,25947],{},[2210,26390,26391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":26393},[26394,26395,26397,26398,26399,26400,26401,26403,26412,26413,26414,26425],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":24514,"depth":83,"text":26396},"What keys() does",{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":25203,"depth":83,"text":25204},{"id":25359,"depth":83,"text":26402},"When to use keys()",{"id":25621,"depth":83,"text":25622,"children":26404},[26405,26407,26409,26411],{"id":25630,"depth":99,"text":26406},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25736,"depth":99,"text":26408},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25880,"depth":99,"text":26410},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25951,"depth":99,"text":25952},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":26205,"depth":83,"text":26206},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":26415},[26416,26418,26420,26422,26424],{"id":26293,"depth":99,"text":26417},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26303,"depth":99,"text":26419},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26319,"depth":99,"text":26421},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26331,"depth":99,"text":26423},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26344,"depth":99,"text":26345},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24336,"description":26426},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26432,"title":26433,"body":26434,"description":28707,"extension":2248,"meta":28708,"navigation":203,"path":28709,"seo":28710,"stem":28711,"__hash__":28712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26435,"toc":28660},[26436,26441,26446,26449,26451,26597,26610,26615,26619,26633,26635,26738,26747,26749,26752,26790,26815,26817,26924,26926,26933,26936,26944,26946,27087,27095,27100,27104,27115,27117,27279,27282,27290,27297,27303,27400,27406,27483,27486,27498,27503,27509,27512,27516,27605,27608,27612,27716,27723,27810,27819,27821,27826,27832,27835,27881,27884,27950,27959,27965,28058,28064,28070,28113,28116,28181,28187,28279,28282,28286,28292,28317,28320,28416,28423,28425,28430,28521,28523,28551,28556,28558,28565,28568,28572,28582,28587,28590,28597,28607,28614,28622,28624,28657],[10,26437,11583,26439,18],{"id":26438},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26440,13025],{},[20,26442,26443,26445],{},[15,26444,12833],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26447,26448],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[33,26450,3884],{"id":3883},[38,26452,26454],{"className":40,"code":26453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26455,26456,26492,26516,26530,26543,26547,26552,26584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26457,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26459,13468],{"class":53},[47,26461,58],{"class":57},[47,26463,10756],{"class":61},[47,26465,633],{"class":632},[47,26467,7932],{"class":636},[47,26469,633],{"class":632},[47,26471,136],{"class":61},[47,26473,644],{"class":632},[47,26475,13143],{"class":636},[47,26477,633],{"class":632},[47,26479,69],{"class":61},[47,26481,644],{"class":632},[47,26483,9563],{"class":636},[47,26485,633],{"class":632},[47,26487,136],{"class":61},[47,26489,9570],{"class":65},[47,26491,9573],{"class":61},[47,26493,26494,26497,26499,26501,26503,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26495,26496],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26498,58],{"class":57},[47,26500,13511],{"class":53},[47,26502,89],{"class":61},[47,26504,26505],{"class":92},"pop",[47,26507,106],{"class":61},[47,26509,633],{"class":632},[47,26511,9563],{"class":636},[47,26513,633],{"class":632},[47,26515,216],{"class":61},[47,26517,26518,26520,26522,26525,26527],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26519,103],{"class":102},[47,26521,106],{"class":61},[47,26523,26524],{"class":92},"removed_age",[47,26526,111],{"class":61},[47,26528,26529],{"class":114},"   # 25\n",[47,26531,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26533,103],{"class":102},[47,26535,106],{"class":61},[47,26537,17572],{"class":92},[47,26539,111],{"class":61},[47,26541,26542],{"class":114},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26544,26545],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,26546,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26548,26549],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,26550,26551],{"class":114},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26553,26554,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26580,26582],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,26555,26556],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26558,58],{"class":57},[47,26560,13511],{"class":53},[47,26562,89],{"class":61},[47,26564,26505],{"class":92},[47,26566,106],{"class":61},[47,26568,633],{"class":632},[47,26570,15526],{"class":636},[47,26572,633],{"class":632},[47,26574,69],{"class":61},[47,26576,644],{"class":632},[47,26578,26579],{"class":636},"Not found",[47,26581,633],{"class":632},[47,26583,216],{"class":61},[47,26585,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,26587,103],{"class":102},[47,26589,106],{"class":61},[47,26591,15526],{"class":92},[47,26593,111],{"class":61},[47,26595,26596],{"class":114},"       # Not found\n",[20,26598,118,26599,26602,26603,26606,26607,26609],{},[15,26600,26601],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26604,26605],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26608,19952],{}," when the key might not exist.",[33,26611,128,26613,131],{"id":26612},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26614,12833],{},[20,26616,26617,136],{},[15,26618,12833],{},[138,26620,26621,26624,26627,26630],{},[141,26622,26623],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[141,26625,26626],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[141,26628,26629],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[141,26631,26632],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26634,318],{},[38,26636,26638],{"className":40,"code":26637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26639,26640,26680,26684,26707,26711,26725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26641,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26643,11752],{"class":53},[47,26645,58],{"class":57},[47,26647,10756],{"class":61},[47,26649,633],{"class":632},[47,26651,7932],{"class":636},[47,26653,633],{"class":632},[47,26655,136],{"class":61},[47,26657,644],{"class":632},[47,26659,13485],{"class":636},[47,26661,633],{"class":632},[47,26663,69],{"class":61},[47,26665,644],{"class":632},[47,26667,10674],{"class":636},[47,26669,633],{"class":632},[47,26671,136],{"class":61},[47,26673,644],{"class":632},[47,26675,10681],{"class":636},[47,26677,633],{"class":632},[47,26679,9573],{"class":61},[47,26681,26682],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26683,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26685,26686,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26687,26688],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26690,58],{"class":57},[47,26692,11835],{"class":53},[47,26694,89],{"class":61},[47,26696,26505],{"class":92},[47,26698,106],{"class":61},[47,26700,633],{"class":632},[47,26702,10674],{"class":636},[47,26704,633],{"class":632},[47,26706,216],{"class":61},[47,26708,26709],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26710,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26712,26713,26715,26717,26720,26722],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,26714,103],{"class":102},[47,26716,106],{"class":61},[47,26718,26719],{"class":92},"removed_city",[47,26721,111],{"class":61},[47,26723,26724],{"class":114},"  # Paris\n",[47,26726,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,26728,103],{"class":102},[47,26730,106],{"class":61},[47,26732,11846],{"class":92},[47,26734,111],{"class":61},[47,26736,26737],{"class":114},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26739,21036,26740,26743,26744,89],{},[15,26741,26742],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26745,26746],{},"\"Paris\"",[33,26748,259],{"id":258},[20,26750,26751],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,26753,26755],{"className":40,"code":26754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26756,26757,26771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26758,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26760,11713],{"class":53},[47,26762,89],{"class":61},[47,26764,26505],{"class":92},[47,26766,106],{"class":61},[47,26768,279],{"class":92},[47,26770,216],{"class":61},[47,26772,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26774,11713],{"class":53},[47,26776,89],{"class":61},[47,26778,26505],{"class":92},[47,26780,106],{"class":61},[47,26782,279],{"class":92},[47,26784,69],{"class":61},[47,26786,26787],{"class":92}," default",[47,26789,216],{"class":61},[138,26791,26792,26798,26806,26812],{},[141,26793,26794,26797],{},[15,26795,26796],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[141,26799,26800,26802,26803,26805],{},[15,26801,26796],{}," raises ",[15,26804,19952],{}," if the key is missing",[141,26807,26808,26811],{},[15,26809,26810],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[141,26813,26814],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26816,318],{},[38,26818,26820],{"className":40,"code":26819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26821,26822,26854,26858,26883,26911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26823,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26825,5329],{"class":53},[47,26827,58],{"class":57},[47,26829,10756],{"class":61},[47,26831,633],{"class":632},[47,26833,18682],{"class":636},[47,26835,633],{"class":632},[47,26837,136],{"class":61},[47,26839,20163],{"class":65},[47,26841,69],{"class":61},[47,26843,644],{"class":632},[47,26845,18691],{"class":636},[47,26847,633],{"class":632},[47,26849,136],{"class":61},[47,26851,13771],{"class":65},[47,26853,9573],{"class":61},[47,26855,26856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26857,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26859,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26861,103],{"class":102},[47,26863,106],{"class":61},[47,26865,16654],{"class":92},[47,26867,89],{"class":61},[47,26869,26505],{"class":92},[47,26871,106],{"class":61},[47,26873,633],{"class":632},[47,26875,18682],{"class":636},[47,26877,633],{"class":632},[47,26879,5628],{"class":61},[47,26881,26882],{"class":114},"         # 90\n",[47,26884,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,26886,103],{"class":102},[47,26888,106],{"class":61},[47,26890,16654],{"class":92},[47,26892,89],{"class":61},[47,26894,26505],{"class":92},[47,26896,106],{"class":61},[47,26898,633],{"class":632},[47,26900,18700],{"class":636},[47,26902,633],{"class":632},[47,26904,69],{"class":61},[47,26906,4106],{"class":65},[47,26908,5628],{"class":61},[47,26910,21033],{"class":114},[47,26912,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,26914,103],{"class":102},[47,26916,106],{"class":61},[47,26918,16654],{"class":92},[47,26920,111],{"class":61},[47,26922,26923],{"class":114},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,26925,17684],{"id":17683},[20,26927,26928,14318,26930,26932],{},[15,26929,13025],{},[4015,26931,4896],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26934,26935],{},"Instead, it returns:",[138,26937,26938,26941],{},[141,26939,26940],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[141,26942,26943],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26945,318],{},[38,26947,26949],{"className":40,"code":26948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26950,26951,26983,26987,27010,27042,27046,27060,27074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26952,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26954,9430],{"class":53},[47,26956,58],{"class":57},[47,26958,10756],{"class":61},[47,26960,633],{"class":632},[47,26962,252],{"class":636},[47,26964,633],{"class":632},[47,26966,136],{"class":61},[47,26968,503],{"class":65},[47,26970,69],{"class":61},[47,26972,644],{"class":632},[47,26974,5026],{"class":636},[47,26976,633],{"class":632},[47,26978,136],{"class":61},[47,26980,8054],{"class":65},[47,26982,9573],{"class":61},[47,26984,26985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,26986,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,26988,26989,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,26990,26991],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26993,58],{"class":57},[47,26995,14831],{"class":53},[47,26997,89],{"class":61},[47,26999,26505],{"class":92},[47,27001,106],{"class":61},[47,27003,633],{"class":632},[47,27005,252],{"class":636},[47,27007,633],{"class":632},[47,27009,216],{"class":61},[47,27011,27012,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27038,27040],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27013,27014],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,27016,58],{"class":57},[47,27018,14831],{"class":53},[47,27020,89],{"class":61},[47,27022,26505],{"class":92},[47,27024,106],{"class":61},[47,27026,633],{"class":632},[47,27028,10004],{"class":636},[47,27030,633],{"class":632},[47,27032,69],{"class":61},[47,27034,644],{"class":632},[47,27036,27037],{"class":636},"missing",[47,27039,633],{"class":632},[47,27041,216],{"class":61},[47,27043,27044],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27045,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27047,27048,27050,27052,27055,27057],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27049,103],{"class":102},[47,27051,106],{"class":61},[47,27053,27054],{"class":92},"result1",[47,27056,111],{"class":61},[47,27058,27059],{"class":114},"  # 10\n",[47,27061,27062,27064,27066,27069,27071],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,27063,103],{"class":102},[47,27065,106],{"class":61},[47,27067,27068],{"class":92},"result2",[47,27070,111],{"class":61},[47,27072,27073],{"class":114},"  # missing\n",[47,27075,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,27077,103],{"class":102},[47,27079,106],{"class":61},[47,27081,9468],{"class":92},[47,27083,111],{"class":61},[47,27085,27086],{"class":114},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27088,27089,27090,1519],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[252,27091,27092],{"href":11001},[15,27093,27094],{},"dict.get()",[33,27096,5227,27098],{"id":27097},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27099,13025],{},[20,27101,118,27102,10866],{},[15,27103,13025],{},[138,27105,27106,27109,27112],{},[141,27107,27108],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[141,27110,27111],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[141,27113,27114],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27116,318],{},[38,27118,27120],{"className":40,"code":27119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27121,27122,27174,27178,27205,27209,27233,27237,27251,27265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27123,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155,27158,27160,27162,27165,27167,27169,27172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27125,25388],{"class":53},[47,27127,58],{"class":57},[47,27129,10756],{"class":61},[47,27131,633],{"class":632},[47,27133,7932],{"class":636},[47,27135,633],{"class":632},[47,27137,136],{"class":61},[47,27139,644],{"class":632},[47,27141,27142],{"class":636},"Laptop",[47,27144,633],{"class":632},[47,27146,69],{"class":61},[47,27148,644],{"class":632},[47,27150,25414],{"class":636},[47,27152,633],{"class":632},[47,27154,136],{"class":61},[47,27156,27157],{"class":65}," 1200",[47,27159,69],{"class":61},[47,27161,644],{"class":632},[47,27163,27164],{"class":636},"discount",[47,27166,633],{"class":632},[47,27168,136],{"class":61},[47,27170,27171],{"class":65}," 200",[47,27173,9573],{"class":61},[47,27175,27176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27177,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27179,27180,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27181,27182],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,27184,58],{"class":57},[47,27186,25466],{"class":53},[47,27188,89],{"class":61},[47,27190,26505],{"class":92},[47,27192,106],{"class":61},[47,27194,633],{"class":632},[47,27196,27164],{"class":636},[47,27198,633],{"class":632},[47,27200,69],{"class":61},[47,27202,4106],{"class":65},[47,27204,216],{"class":61},[47,27206,27207],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27208,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27210,27211,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27212,27213],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,27215,58],{"class":57},[47,27217,25466],{"class":53},[47,27219,229],{"class":61},[47,27221,633],{"class":632},[47,27223,25414],{"class":636},[47,27225,633],{"class":632},[47,27227,13537],{"class":61},[47,27229,2505],{"class":57},[47,27231,27232],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,27234,27235],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27236,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27238,27239,27241,27243,27246,27248],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,27240,103],{"class":102},[47,27242,106],{"class":61},[47,27244,27245],{"class":92},"discount_amount",[47,27247,111],{"class":61},[47,27249,27250],{"class":114},"  # 200\n",[47,27252,27253,27255,27257,27260,27262],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,27254,103],{"class":102},[47,27256,106],{"class":61},[47,27258,27259],{"class":92},"final_price",[47,27261,111],{"class":61},[47,27263,27264],{"class":114},"      # 1000\n",[47,27266,27267,27269,27271,27274,27276],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,27268,103],{"class":102},[47,27270,106],{"class":61},[47,27272,27273],{"class":92},"product",[47,27275,111],{"class":61},[47,27277,27278],{"class":114},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27280,27281],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[33,27283,27285,1225,27287],{"id":27284},"pop-vs-del",[15,27286,13025],{},[15,27288,27289],{},"del",[20,27291,10855,27292,1233,27294,27296],{},[15,27293,13025],{},[15,27295,27289],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1404,27298,118,27300,27302],{"id":27299},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27301,13025],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,27304,27306],{"className":40,"code":27305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27307,27308,27344,27348,27370,27374,27387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27309,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27311,13468],{"class":53},[47,27313,58],{"class":57},[47,27315,10756],{"class":61},[47,27317,633],{"class":632},[47,27319,7932],{"class":636},[47,27321,633],{"class":632},[47,27323,136],{"class":61},[47,27325,644],{"class":632},[47,27327,13143],{"class":636},[47,27329,633],{"class":632},[47,27331,69],{"class":61},[47,27333,644],{"class":632},[47,27335,9563],{"class":636},[47,27337,633],{"class":632},[47,27339,136],{"class":61},[47,27341,9570],{"class":65},[47,27343,9573],{"class":61},[47,27345,27346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27347,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27349,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27351,21894],{"class":53},[47,27353,58],{"class":57},[47,27355,13511],{"class":53},[47,27357,89],{"class":61},[47,27359,26505],{"class":92},[47,27361,106],{"class":61},[47,27363,633],{"class":632},[47,27365,9563],{"class":636},[47,27367,633],{"class":632},[47,27369,216],{"class":61},[47,27371,27372],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27373,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27375,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27377,103],{"class":102},[47,27379,106],{"class":61},[47,27381,9563],{"class":92},[47,27383,111],{"class":61},[47,27385,27386],{"class":114},"     # 25\n",[47,27388,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27390,103],{"class":102},[47,27392,106],{"class":61},[47,27394,17572],{"class":92},[47,27396,111],{"class":61},[47,27398,27399],{"class":114},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1404,27401,118,27403,27405],{"id":27402},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27404,27289],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,27407,27409],{"className":40,"code":27408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27410,27411,27447,27451,27467,27471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27412,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27414,13468],{"class":53},[47,27416,58],{"class":57},[47,27418,10756],{"class":61},[47,27420,633],{"class":632},[47,27422,7932],{"class":636},[47,27424,633],{"class":632},[47,27426,136],{"class":61},[47,27428,644],{"class":632},[47,27430,13143],{"class":636},[47,27432,633],{"class":632},[47,27434,69],{"class":61},[47,27436,644],{"class":632},[47,27438,9563],{"class":636},[47,27440,633],{"class":632},[47,27442,136],{"class":61},[47,27444,9570],{"class":65},[47,27446,9573],{"class":61},[47,27448,27449],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27450,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27452,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27454,27289],{"class":2027},[47,27456,13511],{"class":53},[47,27458,229],{"class":61},[47,27460,633],{"class":632},[47,27462,9563],{"class":636},[47,27464,633],{"class":632},[47,27466,80],{"class":61},[47,27468,27469],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27470,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27474,103],{"class":102},[47,27476,106],{"class":61},[47,27478,17572],{"class":92},[47,27480,111],{"class":61},[47,27482,27399],{"class":114},[20,27484,27485],{},"Difference:",[138,27487,27488,27493],{},[141,27489,27490,27492],{},[15,27491,13025],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[141,27494,27495,27497],{},[15,27496,27289],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27499,27500,27501,89],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[252,27502,12838],{"href":12837},[33,27504,27506,27507],{"id":27505},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27508,19952],{},[20,27510,27511],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1404,27513,27515],{"id":27514},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,27517,27519],{"className":40,"code":27518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27520,27521,27546,27550,27576,27580,27592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27522,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27542,27544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27524,11989],{"class":53},[47,27526,58],{"class":57},[47,27528,10756],{"class":61},[47,27530,633],{"class":632},[47,27532,7932],{"class":636},[47,27534,633],{"class":632},[47,27536,136],{"class":61},[47,27538,644],{"class":632},[47,27540,27541],{"class":636},"Sara",[47,27543,633],{"class":632},[47,27545,9573],{"class":61},[47,27547,27548],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27549,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27551,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27553,2728],{"class":53},[47,27555,58],{"class":57},[47,27557,12030],{"class":53},[47,27559,89],{"class":61},[47,27561,26505],{"class":92},[47,27563,106],{"class":61},[47,27565,633],{"class":632},[47,27567,9563],{"class":636},[47,27569,633],{"class":632},[47,27571,69],{"class":61},[47,27573,4125],{"class":284},[47,27575,216],{"class":61},[47,27577,27578],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27579,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27581,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27583,103],{"class":102},[47,27585,106],{"class":61},[47,27587,2753],{"class":92},[47,27589,111],{"class":61},[47,27591,20826],{"class":114},[47,27593,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27595,103],{"class":102},[47,27597,106],{"class":61},[47,27599,11713],{"class":92},[47,27601,111],{"class":61},[47,27603,27604],{"class":114}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27606,27607],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1404,27609,27611],{"id":27610},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,27613,27615],{"className":40,"code":27614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27616,27617,27641,27645,27661,27684,27694,27701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27620,11989],{"class":53},[47,27622,58],{"class":57},[47,27624,10756],{"class":61},[47,27626,633],{"class":632},[47,27628,7932],{"class":636},[47,27630,633],{"class":632},[47,27632,136],{"class":61},[47,27634,644],{"class":632},[47,27636,27541],{"class":636},[47,27638,633],{"class":632},[47,27640,9573],{"class":61},[47,27642,27643],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27644,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27648,7262],{"class":2027},[47,27650,644],{"class":632},[47,27652,9563],{"class":636},[47,27654,633],{"class":632},[47,27656,21439],{"class":57},[47,27658,12030],{"class":53},[47,27660,6657],{"class":61},[47,27662,27663,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27664,27665],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27667,58],{"class":57},[47,27669,12030],{"class":53},[47,27671,89],{"class":61},[47,27673,26505],{"class":92},[47,27675,106],{"class":61},[47,27677,633],{"class":632},[47,27679,9563],{"class":636},[47,27681,633],{"class":632},[47,27683,216],{"class":61},[47,27685,27686,27688,27690,27692],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27687,8333],{"class":102},[47,27689,106],{"class":61},[47,27691,2753],{"class":92},[47,27693,216],{"class":61},[47,27695,27696,27699],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27697,27698],{"class":2027},"else",[47,27700,6657],{"class":61},[47,27702,27703,27705,27707,27709,27712,27714],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,27704,8333],{"class":102},[47,27706,106],{"class":61},[47,27708,633],{"class":632},[47,27710,27711],{"class":636},"Key not found",[47,27713,633],{"class":632},[47,27715,216],{"class":61},[1404,27717,27719,27720,27722],{"id":27718},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27721,11005],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,27724,27726],{"className":40,"code":27725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27727,27728,27752,27756,27782,27786,27798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27731,11989],{"class":53},[47,27733,58],{"class":57},[47,27735,10756],{"class":61},[47,27737,633],{"class":632},[47,27739,7932],{"class":636},[47,27741,633],{"class":632},[47,27743,136],{"class":61},[47,27745,644],{"class":632},[47,27747,27541],{"class":636},[47,27749,633],{"class":632},[47,27751,9573],{"class":61},[47,27753,27754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27755,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27757,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,27759,2728],{"class":53},[47,27761,58],{"class":57},[47,27763,12030],{"class":53},[47,27765,89],{"class":61},[47,27767,20015],{"class":92},[47,27769,106],{"class":61},[47,27771,633],{"class":632},[47,27773,9563],{"class":636},[47,27775,633],{"class":632},[47,27777,69],{"class":61},[47,27779,4125],{"class":284},[47,27781,216],{"class":61},[47,27783,27784],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,27785,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,27787,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,27789,103],{"class":102},[47,27791,106],{"class":61},[47,27793,2753],{"class":92},[47,27795,111],{"class":61},[47,27797,20826],{"class":114},[47,27799,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,27801,103],{"class":102},[47,27803,106],{"class":61},[47,27805,11713],{"class":92},[47,27807,111],{"class":61},[47,27809,27604],{"class":114},[20,27811,118,27812,27816,27817,89],{},[252,27813,27814],{"href":11001},[15,27815,27094],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[252,27818,11527],{"href":11340},[33,27820,4784],{"id":4783},[20,27822,27823,27824,89],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27825,12833],{},[1404,27827,26038,27829,27831],{"id":27828},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27830,13025],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27833,27834],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,27836,27838],{"className":40,"code":27837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27839,27840,27860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27841,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27843,54],{"class":53},[47,27845,58],{"class":57},[47,27847,62],{"class":61},[47,27849,437],{"class":65},[47,27851,69],{"class":61},[47,27853,8054],{"class":65},[47,27855,69],{"class":61},[47,27857,8059],{"class":65},[47,27859,80],{"class":61},[47,27861,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27863,103],{"class":102},[47,27865,106],{"class":61},[47,27867,86],{"class":92},[47,27869,89],{"class":61},[47,27871,26505],{"class":92},[47,27873,106],{"class":61},[47,27875,232],{"class":65},[47,27877,5628],{"class":61},[47,27879,27880],{"class":114},"  # 20\n",[20,27882,27883],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,27885,27887],{"className":40,"code":27886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27888,27889,27925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27890,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27892,13468],{"class":53},[47,27894,58],{"class":57},[47,27896,10756],{"class":61},[47,27898,633],{"class":632},[47,27900,7932],{"class":636},[47,27902,633],{"class":632},[47,27904,136],{"class":61},[47,27906,644],{"class":632},[47,27908,13143],{"class":636},[47,27910,633],{"class":632},[47,27912,69],{"class":61},[47,27914,644],{"class":632},[47,27916,9563],{"class":636},[47,27918,633],{"class":632},[47,27920,136],{"class":61},[47,27922,9570],{"class":65},[47,27924,9573],{"class":61},[47,27926,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,27928,103],{"class":102},[47,27930,106],{"class":61},[47,27932,17572],{"class":92},[47,27934,89],{"class":61},[47,27936,26505],{"class":92},[47,27938,106],{"class":61},[47,27940,633],{"class":632},[47,27942,9563],{"class":636},[47,27944,633],{"class":632},[47,27946,5628],{"class":61},[47,27948,27949],{"class":114},"  # 25\n",[20,27951,27952,27953,27955,27956,27958],{},"A dictionary does ",[4015,27954,4896],{}," use positions with ",[15,27957,13025],{},". It uses keys.",[1404,27960,1579,27962,27964],{"id":27961},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27963,13025],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,27966,27968],{"className":40,"code":27967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27969,27970,28002,28006,28028,28032,28045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27971,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27973,9430],{"class":53},[47,27975,58],{"class":57},[47,27977,10756],{"class":61},[47,27979,633],{"class":632},[47,27981,2456],{"class":636},[47,27983,633],{"class":632},[47,27985,136],{"class":61},[47,27987,72],{"class":65},[47,27989,69],{"class":61},[47,27991,644],{"class":632},[47,27993,1739],{"class":636},[47,27995,633],{"class":632},[47,27997,136],{"class":61},[47,27999,77],{"class":65},[47,28001,9573],{"class":61},[47,28003,28004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28005,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28007,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28009,2728],{"class":53},[47,28011,58],{"class":57},[47,28013,14831],{"class":53},[47,28015,89],{"class":61},[47,28017,26505],{"class":92},[47,28019,106],{"class":61},[47,28021,633],{"class":632},[47,28023,2456],{"class":636},[47,28025,633],{"class":632},[47,28027,216],{"class":61},[47,28029,28030],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28031,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,28035,103],{"class":102},[47,28037,106],{"class":61},[47,28039,2753],{"class":92},[47,28041,111],{"class":61},[47,28043,28044],{"class":114},"  # 1\n",[47,28046,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,28048,103],{"class":102},[47,28050,106],{"class":61},[47,28052,9468],{"class":92},[47,28054,111],{"class":61},[47,28056,28057],{"class":114},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28059,28060,28061,28063],{},"After ",[15,28062,13025],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1404,28065,8681,28067,28069],{"id":28066},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28068,13025],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,28071,28073],{"className":40,"code":28072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28074,28075,28099,28103,28108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28076,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28078,9430],{"class":53},[47,28080,58],{"class":57},[47,28082,10756],{"class":61},[47,28084,633],{"class":632},[47,28086,7932],{"class":636},[47,28088,633],{"class":632},[47,28090,136],{"class":61},[47,28092,644],{"class":632},[47,28094,8185],{"class":636},[47,28096,633],{"class":632},[47,28098,9573],{"class":61},[47,28100,28101],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28102,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28104,28105],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28106,28107],{"class":114},"# This causes an error\n",[47,28109,28110],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28111,28112],{"class":114},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28114,28115],{},"Safer version:",[38,28117,28119],{"className":40,"code":28118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28120,28121,28145,28149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28122,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28124,9430],{"class":53},[47,28126,58],{"class":57},[47,28128,10756],{"class":61},[47,28130,633],{"class":632},[47,28132,7932],{"class":636},[47,28134,633],{"class":632},[47,28136,136],{"class":61},[47,28138,644],{"class":632},[47,28140,8185],{"class":636},[47,28142,633],{"class":632},[47,28144,9573],{"class":61},[47,28146,28147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28148,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28150,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28152,103],{"class":102},[47,28154,106],{"class":61},[47,28156,9468],{"class":92},[47,28158,89],{"class":61},[47,28160,26505],{"class":92},[47,28162,106],{"class":61},[47,28164,633],{"class":632},[47,28166,9563],{"class":636},[47,28168,633],{"class":632},[47,28170,69],{"class":61},[47,28172,644],{"class":632},[47,28174,27037],{"class":636},[47,28176,633],{"class":632},[47,28178,5628],{"class":61},[47,28180,27073],{"class":114},[1404,28182,8717,28184,28186],{"id":28183},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28185,13025],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,28188,28190],{"className":40,"code":28189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28191,28192,28224,28228,28250,28254,28266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28193,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28195,9430],{"class":53},[47,28197,58],{"class":57},[47,28199,10756],{"class":61},[47,28201,633],{"class":632},[47,28203,252],{"class":636},[47,28205,633],{"class":632},[47,28207,136],{"class":61},[47,28209,72],{"class":65},[47,28211,69],{"class":61},[47,28213,644],{"class":632},[47,28215,5026],{"class":636},[47,28217,633],{"class":632},[47,28219,136],{"class":61},[47,28221,77],{"class":65},[47,28223,9573],{"class":61},[47,28225,28226],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28227,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28229,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28231,1442],{"class":53},[47,28233,58],{"class":57},[47,28235,14831],{"class":53},[47,28237,89],{"class":61},[47,28239,26505],{"class":92},[47,28241,106],{"class":61},[47,28243,633],{"class":632},[47,28245,252],{"class":636},[47,28247,633],{"class":632},[47,28249,216],{"class":61},[47,28251,28252],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28253,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28255,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,28257,103],{"class":102},[47,28259,106],{"class":61},[47,28261,1466],{"class":92},[47,28263,111],{"class":61},[47,28265,28044],{"class":114},[47,28267,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,28269,103],{"class":102},[47,28271,106],{"class":61},[47,28273,9468],{"class":92},[47,28275,111],{"class":61},[47,28277,28278],{"class":114},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28280,28281],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[33,28283,28285],{"id":28284},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28287,28288,28289,28291],{},"Problems with ",[15,28290,12833],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[138,28293,28294,28297,28306,28309],{},[141,28295,28296],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[141,28298,28299,28300,28303,28304],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28301,28302],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28305,26601],{},[141,28307,28308],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[141,28310,28311,28312,11358,28314],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28313,232],{},[15,28315,28316],{},"\"1\"",[20,28318,28319],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,28321,28323],{"className":40,"code":28322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28324,28325,28349,28353,28383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28328,9430],{"class":53},[47,28330,58],{"class":57},[47,28332,10756],{"class":61},[47,28334,633],{"class":632},[47,28336,232],{"class":636},[47,28338,633],{"class":632},[47,28340,136],{"class":61},[47,28342,644],{"class":632},[47,28344,6850],{"class":636},[47,28346,633],{"class":632},[47,28348,9573],{"class":61},[47,28350,28351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28352,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28354,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28376,28378,28380],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28356,103],{"class":102},[47,28358,106],{"class":61},[47,28360,9468],{"class":92},[47,28362,89],{"class":61},[47,28364,26505],{"class":92},[47,28366,106],{"class":61},[47,28368,232],{"class":65},[47,28370,69],{"class":61},[47,28372,644],{"class":632},[47,28374,28375],{"class":636},"not found",[47,28377,633],{"class":632},[47,28379,5628],{"class":61},[47,28381,28382],{"class":114},"    # not found\n",[47,28384,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28386,103],{"class":102},[47,28388,106],{"class":61},[47,28390,9468],{"class":92},[47,28392,89],{"class":61},[47,28394,26505],{"class":92},[47,28396,106],{"class":61},[47,28398,633],{"class":632},[47,28400,232],{"class":636},[47,28402,633],{"class":632},[47,28404,69],{"class":61},[47,28406,644],{"class":632},[47,28408,28375],{"class":636},[47,28410,633],{"class":632},[47,28412,5628],{"class":61},[47,28414,28415],{"class":114},"  # one\n",[20,28417,28418,1233,28420,28422],{},[15,28419,232],{},[15,28421,28316],{}," are different keys.",[33,28424,9136],{"id":9135},[20,28426,9139,28427,28429],{},[15,28428,13025],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,28431,28433],{"className":40,"code":28432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28434,28435,28445,28459,28477,28507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28436,28437,28439,28441,28443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28438,103],{"class":102},[47,28440,106],{"class":61},[47,28442,11713],{"class":92},[47,28444,216],{"class":61},[47,28446,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28448,103],{"class":102},[47,28450,106],{"class":61},[47,28452,11713],{"class":92},[47,28454,89],{"class":61},[47,28456,17188],{"class":92},[47,28458,1993],{"class":61},[47,28460,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28462,103],{"class":102},[47,28464,106],{"class":61},[47,28466,699],{"class":632},[47,28468,7932],{"class":636},[47,28470,699],{"class":632},[47,28472,21439],{"class":2027},[47,28474,12030],{"class":92},[47,28476,216],{"class":61},[47,28478,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28480,103],{"class":102},[47,28482,106],{"class":61},[47,28484,11713],{"class":92},[47,28486,89],{"class":61},[47,28488,26505],{"class":92},[47,28490,106],{"class":61},[47,28492,699],{"class":632},[47,28494,7932],{"class":636},[47,28496,699],{"class":632},[47,28498,69],{"class":61},[47,28500,708],{"class":632},[47,28502,27037],{"class":636},[47,28504,699],{"class":632},[47,28506,1978],{"class":61},[47,28508,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,28510,103],{"class":102},[47,28512,106],{"class":61},[47,28514,1971],{"class":882},[47,28516,106],{"class":61},[47,28518,11713],{"class":92},[47,28520,1978],{"class":61},[20,28522,21602],{},[138,28524,28525,28530,28535,28540,28546],{},[141,28526,28527,28529],{},[15,28528,12942],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[141,28531,28532,28534],{},[15,28533,21614],{}," shows all available keys",[141,28536,28537,28539],{},[15,28538,21620],{}," checks whether a key exists",[141,28541,28542,28545],{},[15,28543,28544],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[141,28547,28548,28550],{},[15,28549,12948],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28552,28553,28554,89],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[252,28555,9656],{"href":9655},[33,28557,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,28559,28561,28562,28564],{"id":28560},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28563,13025],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28566,28567],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1404,28569,28571],{"id":28570},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28573,28574,26802,28576,28578,28579,28581],{},[15,28575,26601],{},[15,28577,19952],{},". ",[15,28580,26605],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1404,28583,2082,28585,15160],{"id":28584},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28586,13025],{},[20,28588,28589],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1404,28591,28593,28594,28596],{"id":28592},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28595,13025],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28598,28599,28600,28602,28603,89],{},"Not with ",[15,28601,12833],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[252,28604,28605],{"href":12844},[15,28606,13032],{},[1404,28608,2094,28610,1233,28612,2099],{"id":28609},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28611,11005],{},[15,28613,13025],{},[20,28615,28616,28618,28619,28621],{},[15,28617,11005],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28620,13025],{}," reads and removes it.",[33,28623,2187],{"id":2186},[138,28625,28626,28632,28639,28643,28647,28651],{},[141,28627,28628],{},[252,28629,28630],{"href":11001},[15,28631,19933],{},[141,28633,28634],{},[252,28635,28636],{"href":12844},[15,28637,28638],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[141,28640,28641],{},[252,28642,13049],{"href":12837},[141,28644,28645],{},[252,28646,21723],{"href":16862},[141,28648,28649],{},[252,28650,11527],{"href":11340},[141,28652,28653],{},[252,28654,28656],{"href":28655},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2210,28658,28659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":28661},[28662,28663,28665,28666,28667,28669,28676,28683,28693,28694,28695,28706],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":26612,"depth":83,"text":28664},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":27097,"depth":83,"text":28668},"When to use pop()",{"id":27284,"depth":83,"text":28670,"children":28671},"pop() vs del",[28672,28674],{"id":27299,"depth":99,"text":28673},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27402,"depth":99,"text":28675},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27505,"depth":83,"text":28677,"children":28678},"How to avoid KeyError",[28679,28680,28681],{"id":27514,"depth":99,"text":27515},{"id":27610,"depth":99,"text":27611},{"id":27718,"depth":99,"text":28682},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":28684},[28685,28687,28689,28691],{"id":27828,"depth":99,"text":28686},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27961,"depth":99,"text":28688},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28066,"depth":99,"text":28690},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28183,"depth":99,"text":28692},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28284,"depth":83,"text":28285},{"id":9135,"depth":83,"text":9136},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":28696},[28697,28699,28700,28702,28704],{"id":28560,"depth":99,"text":28698},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28570,"depth":99,"text":28571},{"id":28584,"depth":99,"text":28701},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28592,"depth":99,"text":28703},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28609,"depth":99,"text":28705},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26433,"description":28707},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28714,"title":28638,"body":28715,"description":30655,"extension":2248,"meta":30656,"navigation":203,"path":30657,"seo":30658,"stem":30659,"__hash__":30660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28716,"toc":30619},[28717,28722,28727,28730,28738,28748,28750,28839,28843,28892,28897,28902,28906,28922,28925,28927,28942,28944,28960,28967,28971,28977,28986,28988,29057,29061,29082,29085,29104,29107,29130,29132,29135,29250,29254,29313,29320,29324,29330,29455,29459,29509,29512,29516,29523,29525,29588,29592,29613,29616,29625,29640,29648,29655,29659,29671,29675,29686,29688,29834,29838,29897,29904,29909,29913,29919,29942,29947,29966,29970,30041,30048,30121,30130,30135,30140,30151,30154,30291,30296,30328,30333,30335,30339,30399,30402,30459,30462,30505,30507,30512,30518,30524,30527,30534,30542,30547,30550,30557,30565,30567,30616],[10,28718,11583,28720,18],{"id":28719},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28721,13032],{},[20,28723,956,28724,28726],{},[15,28725,13032],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28728,28729],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[138,28731,28732,28735],{},[141,28733,28734],{},"remove an item",[141,28736,28737],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28739,28740,28741,28743,28744,28747],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28742,13032],{}," removes the ",[4015,28745,28746],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[33,28749,36],{"id":35},[38,28751,28753],{"className":40,"code":28752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28754,28755,28799,28815,28819,28829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28756,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28758,9430],{"class":53},[47,28760,58],{"class":57},[47,28762,10756],{"class":61},[47,28764,633],{"class":632},[47,28766,252],{"class":636},[47,28768,633],{"class":632},[47,28770,136],{"class":61},[47,28772,72],{"class":65},[47,28774,69],{"class":61},[47,28776,644],{"class":632},[47,28778,5026],{"class":636},[47,28780,633],{"class":632},[47,28782,136],{"class":61},[47,28784,77],{"class":65},[47,28786,69],{"class":61},[47,28788,644],{"class":632},[47,28790,10004],{"class":636},[47,28792,633],{"class":632},[47,28794,136],{"class":61},[47,28796,442],{"class":65},[47,28798,9573],{"class":61},[47,28800,28801,28804,28806,28808,28810,28813],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28802,28803],{"class":53},"item ",[47,28805,58],{"class":57},[47,28807,14831],{"class":53},[47,28809,89],{"class":61},[47,28811,28812],{"class":92},"popitem",[47,28814,96],{"class":61},[47,28816,28817],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,28818,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,28820,28821,28823,28825,28827],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,28822,103],{"class":102},[47,28824,106],{"class":61},[47,28826,2022],{"class":92},[47,28828,216],{"class":61},[47,28830,28831,28833,28835,28837],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,28832,103],{"class":102},[47,28834,106],{"class":61},[47,28836,9468],{"class":92},[47,28838,216],{"class":61},[20,28840,28841],{},[4015,28842,219],{},[38,28844,28846],{"className":40,"code":28845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28847,28848,28864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28849,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28851,106],{"class":61},[47,28853,699],{"class":632},[47,28855,10004],{"class":636},[47,28857,699],{"class":632},[47,28859,69],{"class":61},[47,28861,442],{"class":65},[47,28863,216],{"class":61},[47,28865,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,28867,9542],{"class":61},[47,28869,699],{"class":632},[47,28871,252],{"class":636},[47,28873,699],{"class":632},[47,28875,136],{"class":61},[47,28877,72],{"class":65},[47,28879,69],{"class":61},[47,28881,708],{"class":632},[47,28883,5026],{"class":636},[47,28885,699],{"class":632},[47,28887,136],{"class":61},[47,28889,77],{"class":65},[47,28891,9573],{"class":61},[20,28893,28894,28896],{},[15,28895,13032],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[33,28898,128,28900,131],{"id":28899},"what-popitem-does",[15,28901,13032],{},[20,28903,28904,136],{},[15,28905,13032],{},[138,28907,28908,28911,28916,28919],{},[141,28909,28910],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[141,28912,28913,28914],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28915,21921],{},[141,28917,28918],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[141,28920,28921],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28923,28924],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[33,28926,259],{"id":258},[38,28928,28930],{"className":40,"code":28929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28931,28932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28933,28934,28936,28938,28940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28935,15869],{"class":53},[47,28937,89],{"class":61},[47,28939,28812],{"class":92},[47,28941,96],{"class":61},[20,28943,11722],{},[138,28945,28946,28954,28957],{},[141,28947,28948,28950,28951],{},[15,28949,13032],{}," takes ",[4015,28952,28953],{},"no arguments",[141,28955,28956],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[141,28958,28959],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28961,28962,28963,1519],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[252,28964,28965],{"href":12830},[15,28966,13025],{},[33,28968,28970],{"id":28969},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28972,28973,28974,28976],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28975,13032],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28978,28979,28980,28983],"ol",{},[141,28981,28982],{},"the key",[141,28984,28985],{},"the value",[20,28987,318],{},[38,28989,28991],{"className":40,"code":28990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28992,28993,29029,29043,29047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28994,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021,29023,29025,29027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28996,13468],{"class":53},[47,28998,58],{"class":57},[47,29000,10756],{"class":61},[47,29002,633],{"class":632},[47,29004,7932],{"class":636},[47,29006,633],{"class":632},[47,29008,136],{"class":61},[47,29010,644],{"class":632},[47,29012,5270],{"class":636},[47,29014,633],{"class":632},[47,29016,69],{"class":61},[47,29018,644],{"class":632},[47,29020,9563],{"class":636},[47,29022,633],{"class":632},[47,29024,136],{"class":61},[47,29026,9570],{"class":65},[47,29028,9573],{"class":61},[47,29030,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29032,1442],{"class":53},[47,29034,58],{"class":57},[47,29036,13511],{"class":53},[47,29038,89],{"class":61},[47,29040,28812],{"class":92},[47,29042,96],{"class":61},[47,29044,29045],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29046,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29048,29049,29051,29053,29055],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,29050,103],{"class":102},[47,29052,106],{"class":61},[47,29054,1466],{"class":92},[47,29056,216],{"class":61},[20,29058,29059],{},[4015,29060,219],{},[38,29062,29064],{"className":40,"code":29063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29065,29066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29067,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29069,106],{"class":61},[47,29071,699],{"class":632},[47,29073,9563],{"class":636},[47,29075,699],{"class":632},[47,29077,69],{"class":61},[47,29079,9570],{"class":65},[47,29081,216],{"class":61},[20,29083,29084],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,29086,29088],{"className":40,"code":29087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29089,29090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29091,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29093,1442],{"class":53},[47,29095,58],{"class":57},[47,29097,13511],{"class":53},[47,29099,89],{"class":61},[47,29101,28812],{"class":92},[47,29103,96],{"class":61},[20,29105,29106],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,29108,29110],{"className":40,"code":29109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29111,29112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29113,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29115,279],{"class":53},[47,29117,69],{"class":61},[47,29119,21850],{"class":53},[47,29121,58],{"class":57},[47,29123,13511],{"class":53},[47,29125,89],{"class":61},[47,29127,28812],{"class":92},[47,29129,96],{"class":61},[33,29131,11739],{"id":11738},[20,29133,29134],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,29136,29138],{"className":40,"code":29137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29139,29140,29188,29192,29207,29211,29231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29141,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29172,29174,29176,29179,29181,29183,29186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29143,5329],{"class":53},[47,29145,58],{"class":57},[47,29147,10756],{"class":61},[47,29149,633],{"class":632},[47,29151,29152],{"class":636},"Tom",[47,29154,633],{"class":632},[47,29156,136],{"class":61},[47,29158,5341],{"class":65},[47,29160,69],{"class":61},[47,29162,644],{"class":632},[47,29164,13143],{"class":636},[47,29166,633],{"class":632},[47,29168,136],{"class":61},[47,29170,29171],{"class":65}," 95",[47,29173,69],{"class":61},[47,29175,644],{"class":632},[47,29177,29178],{"class":636},"Leo",[47,29180,633],{"class":632},[47,29182,136],{"class":61},[47,29184,29185],{"class":65}," 88",[47,29187,9573],{"class":61},[47,29189,29190],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29191,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29193,29194,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29195,29196],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,29198,58],{"class":57},[47,29200,5376],{"class":53},[47,29202,89],{"class":61},[47,29204,28812],{"class":92},[47,29206,96],{"class":61},[47,29208,29209],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,29210,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29212,29213,29215,29217,29219,29222,29224,29226,29229],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,29214,103],{"class":102},[47,29216,106],{"class":61},[47,29218,633],{"class":632},[47,29220,29221],{"class":636},"Removed:",[47,29223,633],{"class":632},[47,29225,69],{"class":61},[47,29227,29228],{"class":92}," removed_pair",[47,29230,216],{"class":61},[47,29232,29233,29235,29237,29239,29242,29244,29246,29248],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,29234,103],{"class":102},[47,29236,106],{"class":61},[47,29238,633],{"class":632},[47,29240,29241],{"class":636},"After removal:",[47,29243,633],{"class":632},[47,29245,69],{"class":61},[47,29247,5376],{"class":92},[47,29249,216],{"class":61},[20,29251,29252],{},[4015,29253,219],{},[38,29255,29257],{"className":40,"code":29256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29258,29259,29280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29260,29261,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29262,29263],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,29265,136],{"class":61},[47,29267,9500],{"class":61},[47,29269,699],{"class":632},[47,29271,29178],{"class":636},[47,29273,699],{"class":632},[47,29275,69],{"class":61},[47,29277,29185],{"class":65},[47,29279,216],{"class":61},[47,29281,29282,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29283,29284],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,29286,136],{"class":61},[47,29288,10756],{"class":61},[47,29290,699],{"class":632},[47,29292,29152],{"class":636},[47,29294,699],{"class":632},[47,29296,136],{"class":61},[47,29298,5341],{"class":65},[47,29300,69],{"class":61},[47,29302,708],{"class":632},[47,29304,13143],{"class":636},[47,29306,699],{"class":632},[47,29308,136],{"class":61},[47,29310,29171],{"class":65},[47,29312,9573],{"class":61},[20,29314,29315,29316,29319],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29317,29318],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[33,29321,29323],{"id":29322},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29325,29326,29327,29329],{},"Because ",[15,29328,13032],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,29331,29333],{"className":40,"code":29332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29334,29335,29371,29375,29394,29398,29417,29436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29336,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29338,15712],{"class":53},[47,29340,58],{"class":57},[47,29342,10756],{"class":61},[47,29344,633],{"class":632},[47,29346,15723],{"class":636},[47,29348,633],{"class":632},[47,29350,136],{"class":61},[47,29352,644],{"class":632},[47,29354,15732],{"class":636},[47,29356,633],{"class":632},[47,29358,69],{"class":61},[47,29360,644],{"class":632},[47,29362,15743],{"class":636},[47,29364,633],{"class":632},[47,29366,136],{"class":61},[47,29368,27171],{"class":65},[47,29370,9573],{"class":61},[47,29372,29373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29374,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29376,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29388,29390,29392],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29378,279],{"class":53},[47,29380,69],{"class":61},[47,29382,21850],{"class":53},[47,29384,58],{"class":57},[47,29386,29387],{"class":53}," book",[47,29389,89],{"class":61},[47,29391,28812],{"class":92},[47,29393,96],{"class":61},[47,29395,29396],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,29397,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29399,29400,29402,29404,29406,29409,29411,29413,29415],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,29401,103],{"class":102},[47,29403,106],{"class":61},[47,29405,633],{"class":632},[47,29407,29408],{"class":636},"Key:",[47,29410,633],{"class":632},[47,29412,69],{"class":61},[47,29414,21845],{"class":92},[47,29416,216],{"class":61},[47,29418,29419,29421,29423,29425,29428,29430,29432,29434],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,29420,103],{"class":102},[47,29422,106],{"class":61},[47,29424,633],{"class":632},[47,29426,29427],{"class":636},"Value:",[47,29429,633],{"class":632},[47,29431,69],{"class":61},[47,29433,8697],{"class":92},[47,29435,216],{"class":61},[47,29437,29438,29440,29442,29444,29447,29449,29451,29453],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,29439,103],{"class":102},[47,29441,106],{"class":61},[47,29443,633],{"class":632},[47,29445,29446],{"class":636},"Dictionary:",[47,29448,633],{"class":632},[47,29450,69],{"class":61},[47,29452,29387],{"class":92},[47,29454,216],{"class":61},[20,29456,29457],{},[4015,29458,219],{},[38,29460,29462],{"className":40,"code":29461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29463,29464,29474,29484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29465,29466,29469,29471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29467,29468],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29470,136],{"class":61},[47,29472,29473],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29475,29476,29479,29481],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29477,29478],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29480,136],{"class":61},[47,29482,29483],{"class":65}," 200\n",[47,29485,29486,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29487,29488],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29490,136],{"class":61},[47,29492,10756],{"class":61},[47,29494,699],{"class":632},[47,29496,15723],{"class":636},[47,29498,699],{"class":632},[47,29500,136],{"class":61},[47,29502,708],{"class":632},[47,29504,15732],{"class":636},[47,29506,699],{"class":632},[47,29508,9573],{"class":61},[20,29510,29511],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[33,29513,29515],{"id":29514},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29517,29518,29519,28743,29521,89],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29520,13032],{},[4015,29522,28746],{},[20,29524,318],{},[38,29526,29528],{"className":40,"code":29527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29529,29530,29574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29531,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29533,9430],{"class":53},[47,29535,58],{"class":57},[47,29537,10756],{"class":61},[47,29539,633],{"class":632},[47,29541,2456],{"class":636},[47,29543,633],{"class":632},[47,29545,136],{"class":61},[47,29547,72],{"class":65},[47,29549,69],{"class":61},[47,29551,644],{"class":632},[47,29553,1739],{"class":636},[47,29555,633],{"class":632},[47,29557,136],{"class":61},[47,29559,77],{"class":65},[47,29561,69],{"class":61},[47,29563,644],{"class":632},[47,29565,22343],{"class":636},[47,29567,633],{"class":632},[47,29569,136],{"class":61},[47,29571,442],{"class":65},[47,29573,9573],{"class":61},[47,29575,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29577,103],{"class":102},[47,29579,106],{"class":61},[47,29581,9468],{"class":92},[47,29583,89],{"class":61},[47,29585,28812],{"class":92},[47,29587,1993],{"class":61},[20,29589,29590],{},[4015,29591,219],{},[38,29593,29595],{"className":40,"code":29594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29596,29597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29598,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29600,106],{"class":61},[47,29602,699],{"class":632},[47,29604,22343],{"class":636},[47,29606,699],{"class":632},[47,29608,69],{"class":61},[47,29610,442],{"class":65},[47,29612,216],{"class":61},[20,29614,29615],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29617,29618,29619,29621,29622,29624],{},"As a beginner, do ",[4015,29620,4896],{}," think of ",[15,29623,13032],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29626,29627,29628,2472,29632,17337,29636,89],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[252,29629,29630],{"href":17340},[15,29631,17343],{},[252,29633,29634],{"href":17327},[15,29635,17330],{},[252,29637,29638],{"href":17333},[15,29639,17336],{},[33,29641,29643,29644,1233,29646],{"id":29642},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29645,13032],{},[15,29647,13025],{},[20,29649,29650,1233,29652,29654],{},[15,29651,13032],{},[15,29653,13025],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1404,29656,29657],{"id":28812},[15,29658,13032],{},[138,29660,29661,29664,29667],{},[141,29662,29663],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[141,29665,29666],{},"does not need a key argument",[141,29668,3963,29669],{},[15,29670,21921],{},[1404,29672,29673],{"id":26505},[15,29674,13025],{},[138,29676,29677,29680,29683],{},[141,29678,29679],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[141,29681,29682],{},"needs the key name",[141,29684,29685],{},"returns only the value",[20,29687,318],{},[38,29689,29691],{"className":40,"code":29690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29692,29693,29737,29741,29755,29775,29779,29801,29820,29824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29694,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733,29735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29696,9430],{"class":53},[47,29698,58],{"class":57},[47,29700,10756],{"class":61},[47,29702,633],{"class":632},[47,29704,252],{"class":636},[47,29706,633],{"class":632},[47,29708,136],{"class":61},[47,29710,72],{"class":65},[47,29712,69],{"class":61},[47,29714,644],{"class":632},[47,29716,5026],{"class":636},[47,29718,633],{"class":632},[47,29720,136],{"class":61},[47,29722,77],{"class":65},[47,29724,69],{"class":61},[47,29726,644],{"class":632},[47,29728,10004],{"class":636},[47,29730,633],{"class":632},[47,29732,136],{"class":61},[47,29734,442],{"class":65},[47,29736,9573],{"class":61},[47,29738,29739],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29740,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29742,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29744,28803],{"class":53},[47,29746,58],{"class":57},[47,29748,14831],{"class":53},[47,29750,89],{"class":61},[47,29752,28812],{"class":92},[47,29754,96],{"class":61},[47,29756,29757,29759,29761,29763,29766,29768,29770,29773],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,29758,103],{"class":102},[47,29760,106],{"class":61},[47,29762,633],{"class":632},[47,29764,29765],{"class":636},"popitem():",[47,29767,633],{"class":632},[47,29769,69],{"class":61},[47,29771,29772],{"class":92}," item",[47,29774,216],{"class":61},[47,29776,29777],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,29778,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29780,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,29782,2728],{"class":53},[47,29784,58],{"class":57},[47,29786,14831],{"class":53},[47,29788,89],{"class":61},[47,29790,26505],{"class":92},[47,29792,106],{"class":61},[47,29794,633],{"class":632},[47,29796,252],{"class":636},[47,29798,633],{"class":632},[47,29800,216],{"class":61},[47,29802,29803,29805,29807,29809,29812,29814,29816,29818],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,29804,103],{"class":102},[47,29806,106],{"class":61},[47,29808,633],{"class":632},[47,29810,29811],{"class":636},"pop('a'):",[47,29813,633],{"class":632},[47,29815,69],{"class":61},[47,29817,8697],{"class":92},[47,29819,216],{"class":61},[47,29821,29822],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,29823,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29825,29826,29828,29830,29832],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,29827,103],{"class":102},[47,29829,106],{"class":61},[47,29831,9468],{"class":92},[47,29833,216],{"class":61},[20,29835,29836],{},[4015,29837,219],{},[38,29839,29841],{"className":40,"code":29840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29842,29843,29864,29881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29844,29845,29847,29850,29852,29854,29856,29858,29860,29862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29846,28812],{"class":92},[47,29848,29849],{"class":61},"():",[47,29851,9500],{"class":61},[47,29853,699],{"class":632},[47,29855,10004],{"class":636},[47,29857,699],{"class":632},[47,29859,69],{"class":61},[47,29861,442],{"class":65},[47,29863,216],{"class":61},[47,29865,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29867,26505],{"class":92},[47,29869,106],{"class":61},[47,29871,699],{"class":632},[47,29873,252],{"class":636},[47,29875,699],{"class":632},[47,29877,16717],{"class":61},[47,29879,29880],{"class":65}," 1\n",[47,29882,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29884,9542],{"class":61},[47,29886,699],{"class":632},[47,29888,5026],{"class":636},[47,29890,699],{"class":632},[47,29892,136],{"class":61},[47,29894,77],{"class":65},[47,29896,9573],{"class":61},[20,29898,118,29899,29903],{},[252,29900,29901],{"href":12830},[15,29902,13025],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29905,118,29906,29908],{},[15,29907,13032],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[33,29910,29912],{"id":29911},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29914,29915,29916,29918],{},"Calling ",[15,29917,13032],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,29920,29922],{"className":40,"code":29921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29923,29924,29932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29925,29926,29928,29930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29927,9430],{"class":53},[47,29929,58],{"class":57},[47,29931,10103],{"class":61},[47,29933,29934,29936,29938,29940],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29935,9468],{"class":53},[47,29937,89],{"class":61},[47,29939,28812],{"class":92},[47,29941,96],{"class":61},[20,29943,29944],{},[4015,29945,29946],{},"Error:",[38,29948,29950],{"className":40,"code":29949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29951,29952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29953,29954,29956,29958,29960,29963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29955,19952],{"class":882},[47,29957,136],{"class":61},[47,29959,708],{"class":632},[47,29961,29962],{"class":636},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29964,29965],{"class":632},"'\n",[1404,29967,29969],{"id":29968},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,29971,29973],{"className":40,"code":29972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29974,29975,29983,29987,29995,30010,30020,30026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29976,29977,29979,29981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29978,9430],{"class":53},[47,29980,58],{"class":57},[47,29982,10103],{"class":61},[47,29984,29985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,29986,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,29988,29989,29991,29993],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,29990,7262],{"class":2027},[47,29992,14831],{"class":53},[47,29994,6657],{"class":61},[47,29996,29997,30000,30002,30004,30006,30008],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,29998,29999],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,30001,58],{"class":57},[47,30003,14831],{"class":53},[47,30005,89],{"class":61},[47,30007,28812],{"class":92},[47,30009,96],{"class":61},[47,30011,30012,30014,30016,30018],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,30013,8333],{"class":102},[47,30015,106],{"class":61},[47,30017,2022],{"class":92},[47,30019,216],{"class":61},[47,30021,30022,30024],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,30023,27698],{"class":2027},[47,30025,6657],{"class":61},[47,30027,30028,30030,30032,30034,30037,30039],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,30029,8333],{"class":102},[47,30031,106],{"class":61},[47,30033,633],{"class":632},[47,30035,30036],{"class":636},"Dictionary is empty",[47,30038,633],{"class":632},[47,30040,216],{"class":61},[1404,30042,30044,30045],{"id":30043},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30046,30047],{},"try-except",[38,30049,30051],{"className":40,"code":30050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30052,30053,30061,30065,30072,30086,30096,30106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30054,30055,30057,30059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30056,9430],{"class":53},[47,30058,58],{"class":57},[47,30060,10103],{"class":61},[47,30062,30063],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30064,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,30066,30067,30070],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30068,30069],{"class":2027},"try",[47,30071,6657],{"class":61},[47,30073,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,30075,29999],{"class":53},[47,30077,58],{"class":57},[47,30079,14831],{"class":53},[47,30081,89],{"class":61},[47,30083,28812],{"class":92},[47,30085,96],{"class":61},[47,30087,30088,30090,30092,30094],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,30089,8333],{"class":102},[47,30091,106],{"class":61},[47,30093,2022],{"class":92},[47,30095,216],{"class":61},[47,30097,30098,30101,30104],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,30099,30100],{"class":2027},"except",[47,30102,30103],{"class":882}," KeyError",[47,30105,6657],{"class":61},[47,30107,30108,30110,30112,30114,30117,30119],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,30109,8333],{"class":102},[47,30111,106],{"class":61},[47,30113,633],{"class":632},[47,30115,30116],{"class":636},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,30118,633],{"class":632},[47,30120,216],{"class":61},[20,30122,30123,30124,89],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[252,30125,25944,30127],{"href":30126},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30128,30129],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,30131,5227,30133],{"id":30132},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30134,13032],{},[20,30136,30137,30139],{},[15,30138,13032],{}," is useful when:",[138,30141,30142,30145,30148],{},[141,30143,30144],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[141,30146,30147],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[141,30149,30150],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30152,30153],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,30155,30157],{"className":40,"code":30156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30158,30159,30168,30188,30208,30226,30230,30234,30244,30263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30160,30161,30164,30166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30162,30163],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,30165,58],{"class":57},[47,30167,11757],{"class":61},[47,30169,30170,30172,30175,30177,30179,30181,30184,30186],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30171,11762],{"class":632},[47,30173,30174],{"class":636},"first",[47,30176,633],{"class":632},[47,30178,136],{"class":61},[47,30180,644],{"class":632},[47,30182,30183],{"class":636},"wash dishes",[47,30185,633],{"class":632},[47,30187,11778],{"class":61},[47,30189,30190,30192,30195,30197,30199,30201,30204,30206],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30191,11762],{"class":632},[47,30193,30194],{"class":636},"second",[47,30196,633],{"class":632},[47,30198,136],{"class":61},[47,30200,644],{"class":632},[47,30202,30203],{"class":636},"do homework",[47,30205,633],{"class":632},[47,30207,11778],{"class":61},[47,30209,30210,30212,30215,30217,30219,30221,30224],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,30211,11762],{"class":632},[47,30213,30214],{"class":636},"third",[47,30216,633],{"class":632},[47,30218,136],{"class":61},[47,30220,644],{"class":632},[47,30222,30223],{"class":636},"read book",[47,30225,1609],{"class":632},[47,30227,30228],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,30229,9573],{"class":61},[47,30231,30232],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,30233,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,30235,30236,30239,30242],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,30237,30238],{"class":2027},"while",[47,30240,30241],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,30243,6657],{"class":61},[47,30245,30246,30249,30251,30253,30255,30257,30259,30261],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,30247,30248],{"class":53},"    key",[47,30250,69],{"class":61},[47,30252,21850],{"class":53},[47,30254,58],{"class":57},[47,30256,30241],{"class":53},[47,30258,89],{"class":61},[47,30260,28812],{"class":92},[47,30262,96],{"class":61},[47,30264,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,30266,8333],{"class":102},[47,30268,106],{"class":61},[47,30270,22560],{"class":2348},[47,30272,633],{"class":636},[47,30274,9542],{"class":65},[47,30276,279],{"class":92},[47,30278,22569],{"class":65},[47,30280,22572],{"class":636},[47,30282,9542],{"class":65},[47,30284,2753],{"class":92},[47,30286,22569],{"class":65},[47,30288,633],{"class":636},[47,30290,216],{"class":61},[20,30292,30293],{},[4015,30294,30295],{},"Possible output:",[38,30297,30299],{"className":40,"code":30298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30300,30301,30310,30319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30302,30303,30305,30307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30304,30214],{"class":53},[47,30306,136],{"class":61},[47,30308,30309],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,30311,30312,30314,30316],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30313,30194],{"class":53},[47,30315,136],{"class":61},[47,30317,30318],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,30320,30321,30323,30325],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30322,30174],{"class":53},[47,30324,136],{"class":61},[47,30326,30327],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,30329,29326,30330,30332],{},[15,30331,13032],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[33,30334,1397],{"id":1396},[20,30336,14998,30337,136],{},[15,30338,13032],{},[138,30340,30341,30355,30374,30385],{},[141,30342,30343,30348],{},[4015,30344,29915,30345,30347],{},[15,30346,13032],{}," on an empty dictionary",[138,30349,30350],{},[141,30351,30352,30353,89],{},"This raises ",[15,30354,19952],{},[141,30356,30357,30362],{},[4015,30358,8717,30359,30361],{},[15,30360,13032],{}," to remove a specific key",[138,30363,30364,30367],{},[141,30365,30366],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[141,30368,118,30369,30373],{},[252,30370,30371],{"href":12830},[15,30372,13025],{}," if you need that.",[141,30375,30376,30380],{},[4015,30377,1579,30378,27964],{},[15,30379,13032],{},[138,30381,30382],{},[141,30383,30384],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[141,30386,30387,30390],{},[4015,30388,30389],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[138,30391,30392],{},[141,30393,30394,22241,30396,30398],{},[15,30395,13032],{},[15,30397,21921],{}," tuple.",[20,30400,30401],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,30403,30405],{"className":40,"code":30404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30406,30407,30417,30431,30435,30449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30408,30409,30411,30413,30415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30410,103],{"class":102},[47,30412,106],{"class":61},[47,30414,11713],{"class":92},[47,30416,216],{"class":61},[47,30418,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30420,103],{"class":102},[47,30422,106],{"class":61},[47,30424,969],{"class":102},[47,30426,106],{"class":61},[47,30428,11713],{"class":92},[47,30430,1978],{"class":61},[47,30432,30433],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30434,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,30436,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,30438,28803],{"class":53},[47,30440,58],{"class":57},[47,30442,12030],{"class":53},[47,30444,89],{"class":61},[47,30446,28812],{"class":92},[47,30448,96],{"class":61},[47,30450,30451,30453,30455,30457],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,30452,103],{"class":102},[47,30454,106],{"class":61},[47,30456,2022],{"class":92},[47,30458,216],{"class":61},[20,30460,30461],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,30463,30465],{"className":40,"code":30464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30466,30467,30485,30495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30468,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30470,279],{"class":53},[47,30472,69],{"class":61},[47,30474,21850],{"class":53},[47,30476,58],{"class":57},[47,30478,12030],{"class":53},[47,30480,89],{"class":61},[47,30482,28812],{"class":92},[47,30484,96],{"class":61},[47,30486,30487,30489,30491,30493],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30488,103],{"class":102},[47,30490,106],{"class":61},[47,30492,279],{"class":92},[47,30494,216],{"class":61},[47,30496,30497,30499,30501,30503],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30498,103],{"class":102},[47,30500,106],{"class":61},[47,30502,2753],{"class":92},[47,30504,216],{"class":61},[33,30506,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,30508,5408,30510,5411],{"id":30509},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30511,13032],{},[20,30513,30514,30515,89],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30516,30517],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1404,30519,2082,30521,30523],{"id":30520},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30522,13032],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30525,30526],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1404,30528,30530,30531,30533],{"id":30529},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30532,13032],{}," removes?",[20,30535,30536,30537,30541],{},"No. Use ",[252,30538,30539],{"href":12830},[15,30540,13025],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1404,30543,2082,30545,15160],{"id":30544},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30546,13032],{},[20,30548,30549],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1404,30551,30553,30554,30556],{"id":30552},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30555,13032],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30558,30559,30560,30562,30563,89],{},"It raises ",[15,30561,19952],{}," with the message ",[15,30564,29962],{},[33,30566,2187],{"id":2186},[138,30568,30569,30576,30582,30588,30594,30601,30605,30609],{},[141,30570,30571],{},[252,30572,30573,30575],{"href":12830},[15,30574,13025],{}," method for dictionaries",[141,30577,30578],{},[252,30579,30580,30575],{"href":17340},[15,30581,17343],{},[141,30583,30584],{},[252,30585,30586,30575],{"href":17327},[15,30587,17330],{},[141,30589,30590],{},[252,30591,30592,30575],{"href":17333},[15,30593,17336],{},[141,30595,30596],{},[252,30597,30599,30575],{"href":30598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30600,11586],{},[141,30602,30603],{},[252,30604,13049],{"href":12837},[141,30606,30607],{},[252,30608,21723],{"href":16862},[141,30610,30611],{},[252,30612,30613,30614],{"href":30126},"Fix ",[15,30615,30129],{},[2210,30617,30618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":30620},[30621,30622,30624,30625,30626,30627,30628,30629,30634,30639,30641,30642,30654],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":28899,"depth":83,"text":30623},"What popitem() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":28969,"depth":83,"text":28970},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":29322,"depth":83,"text":29323},{"id":29514,"depth":83,"text":29515},{"id":29642,"depth":83,"text":30630,"children":30631},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30632,30633],{"id":28812,"depth":99,"text":13032},{"id":26505,"depth":99,"text":13025},{"id":29911,"depth":83,"text":29912,"children":30635},[30636,30637],{"id":29968,"depth":99,"text":29969},{"id":30043,"depth":99,"text":30638},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30132,"depth":83,"text":30640},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":30643},[30644,30646,30648,30650,30652],{"id":30509,"depth":99,"text":30645},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30520,"depth":99,"text":30647},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30529,"depth":99,"text":30649},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30544,"depth":99,"text":30651},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30552,"depth":99,"text":30653},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28638,"description":30655},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30662,"title":30663,"body":30664,"description":32567,"extension":2248,"meta":32568,"navigation":203,"path":14297,"seo":32569,"stem":32570,"__hash__":32571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30665,"toc":32539},[30666,30671,30676,30679,30681,30778,30783,30788,30793,30796,30804,30807,30822,30824,30924,30926,30983,30987,30989,30992,31012,31017,31028,31031,31058,31061,31063,31120,31122,31143,31149,31154,31157,31168,31170,31278,31280,31333,31335,31347,31354,31360,31365,31368,31456,31458,31503,31506,31514,31517,31520,31589,31592,31595,31599,31602,31673,31675,31728,31731,31734,31737,31752,31755,31767,31770,31833,31835,31841,31843,31845,31924,31926,31967,31969,32034,32036,32073,32078,32083,32087,32101,32104,32227,32229,32314,32319,32321,32325,32347,32350,32430,32433,32452,32457,32459,32465,32470,32476,32479,32485,32488,32494,32499,32505,32511,32513,32536],[10,30667,11583,30669,18],{"id":30668},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30670,15218],{},[20,30672,956,30673,30675],{},[15,30674,15218],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30677,30678],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[33,30680,36],{"id":35},[38,30682,30684],{"className":40,"code":30683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30685,30686,30722,30763,30773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30687,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30689,13468],{"class":53},[47,30691,58],{"class":57},[47,30693,10756],{"class":61},[47,30695,633],{"class":632},[47,30697,7932],{"class":636},[47,30699,633],{"class":632},[47,30701,136],{"class":61},[47,30703,644],{"class":632},[47,30705,13143],{"class":636},[47,30707,633],{"class":632},[47,30709,69],{"class":61},[47,30711,644],{"class":632},[47,30713,9563],{"class":636},[47,30715,633],{"class":632},[47,30717,136],{"class":61},[47,30719,8054],{"class":65},[47,30721,9573],{"class":61},[47,30723,30724,30726,30728,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30725,17572],{"class":53},[47,30727,89],{"class":61},[47,30729,30730],{"class":92},"update",[47,30732,5796],{"class":61},[47,30734,633],{"class":632},[47,30736,9563],{"class":636},[47,30738,633],{"class":632},[47,30740,136],{"class":61},[47,30742,30743],{"class":65}," 21",[47,30745,69],{"class":61},[47,30747,644],{"class":632},[47,30749,10674],{"class":636},[47,30751,633],{"class":632},[47,30753,136],{"class":61},[47,30755,644],{"class":632},[47,30757,16296],{"class":636},[47,30759,633],{"class":632},[47,30761,30762],{"class":61},"})\n",[47,30764,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30766,103],{"class":102},[47,30768,106],{"class":61},[47,30770,17572],{"class":92},[47,30772,216],{"class":61},[47,30774,30775],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,30776,30777],{"class":114},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30779,118,30780,30782],{},[15,30781,15218],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[33,30784,128,30786,131],{"id":30785},"what-update-does",[15,30787,15218],{},[20,30789,30790,30792],{},[15,30791,15218],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30794,30795],{},"It can do two main things:",[138,30797,30798,30801],{},[141,30799,30800],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[141,30802,30803],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30805,30806],{},"Important things to know:",[138,30808,30809,30812,30815,30819],{},[141,30810,30811],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[141,30813,30814],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[141,30816,5414,30817],{},[15,30818,124],{},[141,30820,30821],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30823,318],{},[38,30825,30827],{"className":40,"code":30826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30828,30829,30871,30914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30830,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30867,30869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30832,13126],{"class":53},[47,30834,58],{"class":57},[47,30836,10756],{"class":61},[47,30838,633],{"class":632},[47,30840,7932],{"class":636},[47,30842,633],{"class":632},[47,30844,136],{"class":61},[47,30846,644],{"class":632},[47,30848,30849],{"class":636},"Mira",[47,30851,633],{"class":632},[47,30853,69],{"class":61},[47,30855,644],{"class":632},[47,30857,20156],{"class":636},[47,30859,633],{"class":632},[47,30861,136],{"class":61},[47,30863,644],{"class":632},[47,30865,30866],{"class":636},"B",[47,30868,633],{"class":632},[47,30870,9573],{"class":61},[47,30872,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30910,30912],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,30874,13890],{"class":53},[47,30876,89],{"class":61},[47,30878,30730],{"class":92},[47,30880,5796],{"class":61},[47,30882,633],{"class":632},[47,30884,20156],{"class":636},[47,30886,633],{"class":632},[47,30888,136],{"class":61},[47,30890,644],{"class":632},[47,30892,22511],{"class":636},[47,30894,633],{"class":632},[47,30896,69],{"class":61},[47,30898,644],{"class":632},[47,30900,10674],{"class":636},[47,30902,633],{"class":632},[47,30904,136],{"class":61},[47,30906,644],{"class":632},[47,30908,30909],{"class":636},"Quito",[47,30911,633],{"class":632},[47,30913,30762],{"class":61},[47,30915,30916,30918,30920,30922],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,30917,103],{"class":102},[47,30919,106],{"class":61},[47,30921,13890],{"class":92},[47,30923,216],{"class":61},[20,30925,219],{},[38,30927,30929],{"className":40,"code":30928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30930,30931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30932,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30934,9542],{"class":61},[47,30936,699],{"class":632},[47,30938,7932],{"class":636},[47,30940,699],{"class":632},[47,30942,136],{"class":61},[47,30944,708],{"class":632},[47,30946,30849],{"class":636},[47,30948,699],{"class":632},[47,30950,69],{"class":61},[47,30952,708],{"class":632},[47,30954,20156],{"class":636},[47,30956,699],{"class":632},[47,30958,136],{"class":61},[47,30960,708],{"class":632},[47,30962,22511],{"class":636},[47,30964,699],{"class":632},[47,30966,69],{"class":61},[47,30968,708],{"class":632},[47,30970,10674],{"class":636},[47,30972,699],{"class":632},[47,30974,136],{"class":61},[47,30976,708],{"class":632},[47,30978,30909],{"class":636},[47,30980,699],{"class":632},[47,30982,9573],{"class":61},[20,30984,9416,30985,89],{},[252,30986,24893],{"href":9655},[33,30988,259],{"id":258},[20,30990,30991],{},"The basic form is:",[38,30993,30995],{"className":40,"code":30994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30996,30997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30998,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31000,15869],{"class":53},[47,31002,89],{"class":61},[47,31004,30730],{"class":92},[47,31006,106],{"class":61},[47,31008,31009],{"class":92},"other",[47,31011,216],{"class":61},[20,31013,31014,31016],{},[15,31015,31009],{}," can be:",[138,31018,31019,31022,31025],{},[141,31020,31021],{},"Another dictionary",[141,31023,31024],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[141,31026,31027],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31029,31030],{},"You can also use:",[38,31032,31034],{"className":40,"code":31033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31035,31036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31037,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31039,15869],{"class":53},[47,31041,89],{"class":61},[47,31043,30730],{"class":92},[47,31045,106],{"class":61},[47,31047,7932],{"class":278},[47,31049,58],{"class":57},[47,31051,633],{"class":632},[47,31053,7941],{"class":636},[47,31055,633],{"class":632},[47,31057,216],{"class":61},[20,31059,31060],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31062,318],{},[38,31064,31066],{"className":40,"code":31065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31067,31068,31088,31110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31069,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31071,9430],{"class":53},[47,31073,58],{"class":57},[47,31075,10756],{"class":61},[47,31077,633],{"class":632},[47,31079,252],{"class":636},[47,31081,633],{"class":632},[47,31083,136],{"class":61},[47,31085,72],{"class":65},[47,31087,9573],{"class":61},[47,31089,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31091,9468],{"class":53},[47,31093,89],{"class":61},[47,31095,30730],{"class":92},[47,31097,5796],{"class":61},[47,31099,633],{"class":632},[47,31101,252],{"class":636},[47,31103,633],{"class":632},[47,31105,136],{"class":61},[47,31107,503],{"class":65},[47,31109,30762],{"class":61},[47,31111,31112,31114,31116,31118],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31113,103],{"class":102},[47,31115,106],{"class":61},[47,31117,9468],{"class":92},[47,31119,216],{"class":61},[20,31121,219],{},[38,31123,31125],{"className":40,"code":31124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31126,31127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31128,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31130,9542],{"class":61},[47,31132,699],{"class":632},[47,31134,252],{"class":636},[47,31136,699],{"class":632},[47,31138,136],{"class":61},[47,31140,503],{"class":65},[47,31142,9573],{"class":61},[33,31144,8681,31146,31148],{"id":31145},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31147,15218],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31150,31151,31152,89],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31153,15218],{},[20,31155,31156],{},"It is useful when:",[138,31158,31159,31162,31165],{},[141,31160,31161],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[141,31163,31164],{},"Adding extra settings",[141,31166,31167],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31169,318],{},[38,31171,31173],{"className":40,"code":31172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31174,31175,31212,31249,31253,31268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31176,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31178,14090],{"class":53},[47,31180,58],{"class":57},[47,31182,10756],{"class":61},[47,31184,633],{"class":632},[47,31186,12758],{"class":636},[47,31188,633],{"class":632},[47,31190,136],{"class":61},[47,31192,644],{"class":632},[47,31194,21193],{"class":636},[47,31196,633],{"class":632},[47,31198,69],{"class":61},[47,31200,644],{"class":632},[47,31202,14115],{"class":636},[47,31204,633],{"class":632},[47,31206,136],{"class":61},[47,31208,31209],{"class":65}," 12",[47,31211,9573],{"class":61},[47,31213,31214,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31215,31216],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,31218,58],{"class":57},[47,31220,10756],{"class":61},[47,31222,633],{"class":632},[47,31224,14115],{"class":636},[47,31226,633],{"class":632},[47,31228,136],{"class":61},[47,31230,14122],{"class":65},[47,31232,69],{"class":61},[47,31234,644],{"class":632},[47,31236,20388],{"class":636},[47,31238,633],{"class":632},[47,31240,136],{"class":61},[47,31242,644],{"class":632},[47,31244,20422],{"class":636},[47,31246,633],{"class":632},[47,31248,9573],{"class":61},[47,31250,31251],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31252,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,31254,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31266],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,31256,14149],{"class":53},[47,31258,89],{"class":61},[47,31260,30730],{"class":92},[47,31262,106],{"class":61},[47,31264,31265],{"class":92},"new_settings",[47,31267,216],{"class":61},[47,31269,31270,31272,31274,31276],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,31271,103],{"class":102},[47,31273,106],{"class":61},[47,31275,14149],{"class":92},[47,31277,216],{"class":61},[20,31279,219],{},[38,31281,31283],{"className":40,"code":31282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31284,31285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31286,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31288,9542],{"class":61},[47,31290,699],{"class":632},[47,31292,12758],{"class":636},[47,31294,699],{"class":632},[47,31296,136],{"class":61},[47,31298,708],{"class":632},[47,31300,21193],{"class":636},[47,31302,699],{"class":632},[47,31304,69],{"class":61},[47,31306,708],{"class":632},[47,31308,14115],{"class":636},[47,31310,699],{"class":632},[47,31312,136],{"class":61},[47,31314,14122],{"class":65},[47,31316,69],{"class":61},[47,31318,708],{"class":632},[47,31320,20388],{"class":636},[47,31322,699],{"class":632},[47,31324,136],{"class":61},[47,31326,708],{"class":632},[47,31328,20422],{"class":636},[47,31330,699],{"class":632},[47,31332,9573],{"class":61},[20,31334,13673],{},[138,31336,31337,31342],{},[141,31338,31339,31341],{},[15,31340,14115],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[141,31343,31344,31346],{},[15,31345,20388],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31348,31349,31350,89],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[252,31351,31353],{"href":31352},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31355,8681,31357,31359],{"id":31356},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31358,15218],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31361,31362,31364],{},[15,31363,15218],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31366,31367],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,31369,31371],{"className":40,"code":31370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31372,31373,31393,31428,31432,31446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31376,5329],{"class":53},[47,31378,58],{"class":57},[47,31380,10756],{"class":61},[47,31382,633],{"class":632},[47,31384,18682],{"class":636},[47,31386,633],{"class":632},[47,31388,136],{"class":61},[47,31390,20163],{"class":65},[47,31392,9573],{"class":61},[47,31394,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31420,31422,31424,31426],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31396,9479],{"class":53},[47,31398,58],{"class":57},[47,31400,9484],{"class":61},[47,31402,633],{"class":632},[47,31404,18691],{"class":636},[47,31406,633],{"class":632},[47,31408,69],{"class":61},[47,31410,13771],{"class":65},[47,31412,9497],{"class":61},[47,31414,9500],{"class":61},[47,31416,633],{"class":632},[47,31418,31419],{"class":636},"english",[47,31421,633],{"class":632},[47,31423,69],{"class":61},[47,31425,29185],{"class":65},[47,31427,9513],{"class":61},[47,31429,31430],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31431,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,31433,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,31435,16654],{"class":53},[47,31437,89],{"class":61},[47,31439,30730],{"class":92},[47,31441,106],{"class":61},[47,31443,9526],{"class":92},[47,31445,216],{"class":61},[47,31447,31448,31450,31452,31454],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,31449,103],{"class":102},[47,31451,106],{"class":61},[47,31453,16654],{"class":92},[47,31455,216],{"class":61},[20,31457,219],{},[38,31459,31461],{"className":40,"code":31460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31462,31463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31464,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31466,9542],{"class":61},[47,31468,699],{"class":632},[47,31470,18682],{"class":636},[47,31472,699],{"class":632},[47,31474,136],{"class":61},[47,31476,20163],{"class":65},[47,31478,69],{"class":61},[47,31480,708],{"class":632},[47,31482,18691],{"class":636},[47,31484,699],{"class":632},[47,31486,136],{"class":61},[47,31488,13771],{"class":65},[47,31490,69],{"class":61},[47,31492,708],{"class":632},[47,31494,31419],{"class":636},[47,31496,699],{"class":632},[47,31498,136],{"class":61},[47,31500,29185],{"class":65},[47,31502,9573],{"class":61},[20,31504,31505],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[138,31507,31508,31511],{},[141,31509,31510],{},"The key",[141,31512,31513],{},"The value",[20,31515,31516],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31518,31519],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,31521,31523],{"className":40,"code":31522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31524,31525,31545,31570,31574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31526,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31528,9430],{"class":53},[47,31530,58],{"class":57},[47,31532,10756],{"class":61},[47,31534,633],{"class":632},[47,31536,252],{"class":636},[47,31538,633],{"class":632},[47,31540,136],{"class":61},[47,31542,72],{"class":65},[47,31544,9573],{"class":61},[47,31546,31547,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31548,31549],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31551,58],{"class":57},[47,31553,9484],{"class":61},[47,31555,633],{"class":632},[47,31557,5026],{"class":636},[47,31559,633],{"class":632},[47,31561,69],{"class":61},[47,31563,77],{"class":65},[47,31565,69],{"class":61},[47,31567,442],{"class":65},[47,31569,9513],{"class":61},[47,31571,31572],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31573,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,31575,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31587],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,31577,9468],{"class":53},[47,31579,89],{"class":61},[47,31581,30730],{"class":92},[47,31583,106],{"class":61},[47,31585,31586],{"class":92},"bad_pairs",[47,31588,216],{"class":61},[20,31590,31591],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31593,31594],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[33,31596,31598],{"id":31597},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31600,31601],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,31603,31605],{"className":40,"code":31604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31606,31607,31631,31663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31608,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31610,11752],{"class":53},[47,31612,58],{"class":57},[47,31614,10756],{"class":61},[47,31616,633],{"class":632},[47,31618,7932],{"class":636},[47,31620,633],{"class":632},[47,31622,136],{"class":61},[47,31624,644],{"class":632},[47,31626,29178],{"class":636},[47,31628,633],{"class":632},[47,31630,9573],{"class":61},[47,31632,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31652,31654,31656,31659,31661],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31634,11846],{"class":53},[47,31636,89],{"class":61},[47,31638,30730],{"class":92},[47,31640,106],{"class":61},[47,31642,9563],{"class":278},[47,31644,58],{"class":57},[47,31646,9457],{"class":65},[47,31648,69],{"class":61},[47,31650,31651],{"class":278}," city",[47,31653,58],{"class":57},[47,31655,633],{"class":632},[47,31657,31658],{"class":636},"Madrid",[47,31660,633],{"class":632},[47,31662,216],{"class":61},[47,31664,31665,31667,31669,31671],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31666,103],{"class":102},[47,31668,106],{"class":61},[47,31670,11846],{"class":92},[47,31672,216],{"class":61},[20,31674,219],{},[38,31676,31678],{"className":40,"code":31677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31679,31680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31681,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31683,9542],{"class":61},[47,31685,699],{"class":632},[47,31687,7932],{"class":636},[47,31689,699],{"class":632},[47,31691,136],{"class":61},[47,31693,708],{"class":632},[47,31695,29178],{"class":636},[47,31697,699],{"class":632},[47,31699,69],{"class":61},[47,31701,708],{"class":632},[47,31703,9563],{"class":636},[47,31705,699],{"class":632},[47,31707,136],{"class":61},[47,31709,9570],{"class":65},[47,31711,69],{"class":61},[47,31713,708],{"class":632},[47,31715,10674],{"class":636},[47,31717,699],{"class":632},[47,31719,136],{"class":61},[47,31721,708],{"class":632},[47,31723,31658],{"class":636},[47,31725,699],{"class":632},[47,31727,9573],{"class":61},[20,31729,31730],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31732,31733],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31735,31736],{},"These work:",[138,31738,31739,31743,31747],{},[141,31740,31741],{},[15,31742,9563],{},[141,31744,31745],{},[15,31746,10674],{},[141,31748,31749],{},[15,31750,31751],{},"first_name",[20,31753,31754],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[138,31756,31757,31762],{},[141,31758,31759],{},[15,31760,31761],{},"\"first name\"",[141,31763,31764],{},[15,31765,31766],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31768,31769],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,31771,31773],{"className":40,"code":31772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31774,31775,31783,31823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31776,31777,31779,31781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31778,11752],{"class":53},[47,31780,58],{"class":57},[47,31782,10103],{"class":61},[47,31784,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31814,31816,31818,31821],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31786,11846],{"class":53},[47,31788,89],{"class":61},[47,31790,30730],{"class":92},[47,31792,5796],{"class":61},[47,31794,633],{"class":632},[47,31796,10778],{"class":636},[47,31798,633],{"class":632},[47,31800,136],{"class":61},[47,31802,644],{"class":632},[47,31804,29178],{"class":636},[47,31806,633],{"class":632},[47,31808,69],{"class":61},[47,31810,644],{"class":632},[47,31812,31813],{"class":636},"user-id",[47,31815,633],{"class":632},[47,31817,136],{"class":61},[47,31819,31820],{"class":65}," 1001",[47,31822,30762],{"class":61},[47,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31826,103],{"class":102},[47,31828,106],{"class":61},[47,31830,11846],{"class":92},[47,31832,216],{"class":61},[33,31834,17684],{"id":17683},[20,31836,31837,2057,31839,89],{},[15,31838,15218],{},[15,31840,124],{},[20,31842,14313],{},[20,31844,24973],{},[38,31846,31848],{"className":40,"code":31847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31849,31850,31874,31900,31904,31914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31851,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31853,13468],{"class":53},[47,31855,58],{"class":57},[47,31857,10756],{"class":61},[47,31859,633],{"class":632},[47,31861,7932],{"class":636},[47,31863,633],{"class":632},[47,31865,136],{"class":61},[47,31867,644],{"class":632},[47,31869,13143],{"class":636},[47,31871,633],{"class":632},[47,31873,9573],{"class":61},[47,31875,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31877,1442],{"class":53},[47,31879,58],{"class":57},[47,31881,13511],{"class":53},[47,31883,89],{"class":61},[47,31885,30730],{"class":92},[47,31887,5796],{"class":61},[47,31889,633],{"class":632},[47,31891,9563],{"class":636},[47,31893,633],{"class":632},[47,31895,136],{"class":61},[47,31897,8054],{"class":65},[47,31899,30762],{"class":61},[47,31901,31902],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,31903,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,31905,31906,31908,31910,31912],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,31907,103],{"class":102},[47,31909,106],{"class":61},[47,31911,1466],{"class":92},[47,31913,216],{"class":61},[47,31915,31916,31918,31920,31922],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,31917,103],{"class":102},[47,31919,106],{"class":61},[47,31921,17572],{"class":92},[47,31923,216],{"class":61},[20,31925,219],{},[38,31927,31929],{"className":40,"code":31928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31930,31931,31935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31932,31933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31934,1490],{"class":284},[47,31936,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,31938,9542],{"class":61},[47,31940,699],{"class":632},[47,31942,7932],{"class":636},[47,31944,699],{"class":632},[47,31946,136],{"class":61},[47,31948,708],{"class":632},[47,31950,13143],{"class":636},[47,31952,699],{"class":632},[47,31954,69],{"class":61},[47,31956,708],{"class":632},[47,31958,9563],{"class":636},[47,31960,699],{"class":632},[47,31962,136],{"class":61},[47,31964,8054],{"class":65},[47,31966,9573],{"class":61},[20,31968,16920],{},[38,31970,31972],{"className":40,"code":31971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31973,31974,31998,32020,32024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31975,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31977,13468],{"class":53},[47,31979,58],{"class":57},[47,31981,10756],{"class":61},[47,31983,633],{"class":632},[47,31985,7932],{"class":636},[47,31987,633],{"class":632},[47,31989,136],{"class":61},[47,31991,644],{"class":632},[47,31993,13143],{"class":636},[47,31995,633],{"class":632},[47,31997,9573],{"class":61},[47,31999,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32001,17572],{"class":53},[47,32003,89],{"class":61},[47,32005,30730],{"class":92},[47,32007,5796],{"class":61},[47,32009,633],{"class":632},[47,32011,9563],{"class":636},[47,32013,633],{"class":632},[47,32015,136],{"class":61},[47,32017,8054],{"class":65},[47,32019,30762],{"class":61},[47,32021,32022],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,32023,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32025,32026,32028,32030,32032],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,32027,103],{"class":102},[47,32029,106],{"class":61},[47,32031,17572],{"class":92},[47,32033,216],{"class":61},[20,32035,219],{},[38,32037,32039],{"className":40,"code":32038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32040,32041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32042,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32044,9542],{"class":61},[47,32046,699],{"class":632},[47,32048,7932],{"class":636},[47,32050,699],{"class":632},[47,32052,136],{"class":61},[47,32054,708],{"class":632},[47,32056,13143],{"class":636},[47,32058,699],{"class":632},[47,32060,69],{"class":61},[47,32062,708],{"class":632},[47,32064,9563],{"class":636},[47,32066,699],{"class":632},[47,32068,136],{"class":61},[47,32070,8054],{"class":65},[47,32072,9573],{"class":61},[20,32074,32075,32076,89],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[252,32077,18169],{"href":10996},[33,32079,5227,32081],{"id":32080},"when-to-use-update",[15,32082,15218],{},[20,32084,118,32085,10866],{},[15,32086,15218],{},[138,32088,32089,32092,32095,32098],{},[141,32090,32091],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[141,32093,32094],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[141,32096,32097],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[141,32099,32100],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32102,32103],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,32105,32107],{"className":40,"code":32106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32108,32109,32145,32160,32164,32203,32207,32217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32110,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32112,12349],{"class":53},[47,32114,58],{"class":57},[47,32116,10756],{"class":61},[47,32118,633],{"class":632},[47,32120,7932],{"class":636},[47,32122,633],{"class":632},[47,32124,136],{"class":61},[47,32126,644],{"class":632},[47,32128,13143],{"class":636},[47,32130,633],{"class":632},[47,32132,69],{"class":61},[47,32134,644],{"class":632},[47,32136,9563],{"class":636},[47,32138,633],{"class":632},[47,32140,136],{"class":61},[47,32142,8054],{"class":65},[47,32144,9573],{"class":61},[47,32146,32147,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32148,32149],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,32151,58],{"class":57},[47,32153,12424],{"class":53},[47,32155,89],{"class":61},[47,32157,13174],{"class":92},[47,32159,96],{"class":61},[47,32161,32162],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,32163,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32165,32166,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,32167,32168],{"class":53},"updated",[47,32170,89],{"class":61},[47,32172,30730],{"class":92},[47,32174,5796],{"class":61},[47,32176,633],{"class":632},[47,32178,9563],{"class":636},[47,32180,633],{"class":632},[47,32182,136],{"class":61},[47,32184,30743],{"class":65},[47,32186,69],{"class":61},[47,32188,644],{"class":632},[47,32190,10674],{"class":636},[47,32192,633],{"class":632},[47,32194,136],{"class":61},[47,32196,644],{"class":632},[47,32198,16296],{"class":636},[47,32200,633],{"class":632},[47,32202,30762],{"class":61},[47,32204,32205],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,32206,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32208,32209,32211,32213,32215],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,32210,103],{"class":102},[47,32212,106],{"class":61},[47,32214,12396],{"class":92},[47,32216,216],{"class":61},[47,32218,32219,32221,32223,32225],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,32220,103],{"class":102},[47,32222,106],{"class":61},[47,32224,32168],{"class":92},[47,32226,216],{"class":61},[20,32228,219],{},[38,32230,32232],{"className":40,"code":32231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32233,32234,32266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32235,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32237,9542],{"class":61},[47,32239,699],{"class":632},[47,32241,7932],{"class":636},[47,32243,699],{"class":632},[47,32245,136],{"class":61},[47,32247,708],{"class":632},[47,32249,13143],{"class":636},[47,32251,699],{"class":632},[47,32253,69],{"class":61},[47,32255,708],{"class":632},[47,32257,9563],{"class":636},[47,32259,699],{"class":632},[47,32261,136],{"class":61},[47,32263,8054],{"class":65},[47,32265,9573],{"class":61},[47,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32269,9542],{"class":61},[47,32271,699],{"class":632},[47,32273,7932],{"class":636},[47,32275,699],{"class":632},[47,32277,136],{"class":61},[47,32279,708],{"class":632},[47,32281,13143],{"class":636},[47,32283,699],{"class":632},[47,32285,69],{"class":61},[47,32287,708],{"class":632},[47,32289,9563],{"class":636},[47,32291,699],{"class":632},[47,32293,136],{"class":61},[47,32295,30743],{"class":65},[47,32297,69],{"class":61},[47,32299,708],{"class":632},[47,32301,10674],{"class":636},[47,32303,699],{"class":632},[47,32305,136],{"class":61},[47,32307,708],{"class":632},[47,32309,16296],{"class":636},[47,32311,699],{"class":632},[47,32313,9573],{"class":61},[20,32315,32316,32317,89],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[252,32318,16863],{"href":16862},[33,32320,1397],{"id":1396},[20,32322,11013,32323,136],{},[15,32324,15218],{},[138,32326,32327,32334,32338,32341,32344],{},[141,32328,1407,32329,32331,32332],{},[15,32330,15218],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32333,124],{},[141,32335,8717,32336,12865],{},[15,32337,15218],{},[141,32339,32340],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[141,32342,32343],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[141,32345,32346],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32348,32349],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,32351,32353],{"className":40,"code":32352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32354,32355,32365,32379,32393,32415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32356,32357,32359,32361,32363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32358,103],{"class":102},[47,32360,106],{"class":61},[47,32362,11713],{"class":92},[47,32364,216],{"class":61},[47,32366,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32368,103],{"class":102},[47,32370,106],{"class":61},[47,32372,1971],{"class":882},[47,32374,106],{"class":61},[47,32376,9468],{"class":92},[47,32378,1978],{"class":61},[47,32380,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,32382,103],{"class":102},[47,32384,106],{"class":61},[47,32386,8358],{"class":882},[47,32388,106],{"class":61},[47,32390,9468],{"class":92},[47,32392,1978],{"class":61},[47,32394,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,32396,103],{"class":102},[47,32398,106],{"class":61},[47,32400,11713],{"class":92},[47,32402,89],{"class":61},[47,32404,20015],{"class":92},[47,32406,106],{"class":61},[47,32408,699],{"class":632},[47,32410,279],{"class":636},[47,32412,699],{"class":632},[47,32414,1978],{"class":61},[47,32416,32417,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,32418,32419],{"class":102},"help",[47,32421,106],{"class":61},[47,32423,9085],{"class":882},[47,32425,89],{"class":61},[47,32427,30730],{"class":888},[47,32429,216],{"class":61},[20,32431,32432],{},"These can help you check:",[138,32434,32435,32438,32443,32446,32449],{},[141,32436,32437],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[141,32439,32440,32441],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32442,15218],{},[141,32444,32445],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[141,32447,32448],{},"Whether a key exists",[141,32450,32451],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32453,32454,32455,89],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[252,32456,11527],{"href":11340},[33,32458,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,32460,2082,32462,32464],{"id":32461},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32463,15218],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32466,32467,32468,89],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32469,124],{},[1404,32471,2082,32473,32475],{"id":32472},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32474,15218],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32477,32478],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1404,32480,5436,32482,32484],{"id":32481},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32483,15218],{}," add new keys?",[20,32486,32487],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1404,32489,28593,32491,32493],{"id":32490},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32492,15218],{}," with a list?",[20,32495,32496,32497,89],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32498,11361],{},[1404,32500,2094,32502,32504],{"id":32501},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32503,15218],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32506,32507,32508,32510],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32509,15218],{}," can change many keys at once.",[33,32512,2187],{"id":2186},[138,32514,32515,32519,32523,32528,32532],{},[141,32516,32517],{},[252,32518,26359],{"href":9655},[141,32520,32521],{},[252,32522,11516],{"href":10996},[141,32524,32525],{},[252,32526,32527],{"href":31352},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[141,32529,32530],{},[252,32531,21723],{"href":16862},[141,32533,32534],{},[252,32535,11527],{"href":11340},[2210,32537,32538],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":32540},[32541,32542,32544,32545,32547,32549,32550,32551,32553,32554,32566],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":30785,"depth":83,"text":32543},"What update() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":31145,"depth":83,"text":32546},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31356,"depth":83,"text":32548},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31597,"depth":83,"text":31598},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":32080,"depth":83,"text":32552},"When to use update()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":32555},[32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"id":32461,"depth":99,"text":32557},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32472,"depth":99,"text":32559},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32481,"depth":99,"text":32561},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32490,"depth":99,"text":32563},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32501,"depth":99,"text":32565},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30663,"description":32567},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32573,"title":32574,"body":32575,"description":34563,"extension":2248,"meta":34564,"navigation":203,"path":23160,"seo":34565,"stem":34566,"__hash__":34567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32576,"toc":34526},[32577,32582,32589,32592,32594,32693,32695,32750,32755,32760,32774,32779,32781,32796,32798,32812,32825,32830,32836,32843,32845,32952,32954,33003,33009,33084,33086,33107,33109,33112,33217,33219,33274,33276,33304,33308,33313,33392,33394,33414,33416,33427,33437,33441,33446,33550,33552,33577,33580,33591,33596,33605,33608,33625,33627,33714,33716,33779,33781,33804,33806,33811,33817,33822,33824,33863,33868,33871,33890,33901,33907,33910,33983,33985,34004,34009,34012,34035,34041,34044,34108,34111,34188,34195,34198,34257,34263,34265,34284,34288,34291,34342,34345,34365,34367,34428,34430,34435,34440,34445,34450,34455,34460,34466,34469,34478,34486,34488,34523],[10,32578,11583,32580,18],{"id":32579},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32581,17336],{},[20,32583,32584,32585,32588],{},"The Python ",[15,32586,32587],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32590,32591],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[33,32593,36],{"id":35},[38,32595,32597],{"className":40,"code":32596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32598,32599,32651,32665,32669,32679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32600,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32602,13126],{"class":53},[47,32604,58],{"class":57},[47,32606,10756],{"class":61},[47,32608,633],{"class":632},[47,32610,7932],{"class":636},[47,32612,633],{"class":632},[47,32614,136],{"class":61},[47,32616,644],{"class":632},[47,32618,13143],{"class":636},[47,32620,633],{"class":632},[47,32622,69],{"class":61},[47,32624,644],{"class":632},[47,32626,9563],{"class":636},[47,32628,633],{"class":632},[47,32630,136],{"class":61},[47,32632,8054],{"class":65},[47,32634,69],{"class":61},[47,32636,644],{"class":632},[47,32638,10674],{"class":636},[47,32640,633],{"class":632},[47,32642,136],{"class":61},[47,32644,644],{"class":632},[47,32646,16296],{"class":636},[47,32648,633],{"class":632},[47,32650,9573],{"class":61},[47,32652,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32654,4095],{"class":53},[47,32656,58],{"class":57},[47,32658,13169],{"class":53},[47,32660,89],{"class":61},[47,32662,5625],{"class":92},[47,32664,96],{"class":61},[47,32666,32667],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,32668,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32670,32671,32673,32675,32677],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,32672,103],{"class":102},[47,32674,106],{"class":61},[47,32676,5625],{"class":92},[47,32678,216],{"class":61},[47,32680,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,32682,103],{"class":102},[47,32684,106],{"class":61},[47,32686,8358],{"class":882},[47,32688,106],{"class":61},[47,32690,5625],{"class":92},[47,32692,1978],{"class":61},[20,32694,219],{},[38,32696,32698],{"className":40,"code":32697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32699,32700,32726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32701,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32703,17302],{"class":92},[47,32705,2015],{"class":61},[47,32707,699],{"class":632},[47,32709,13143],{"class":636},[47,32711,699],{"class":632},[47,32713,69],{"class":61},[47,32715,8054],{"class":65},[47,32717,69],{"class":61},[47,32719,708],{"class":632},[47,32721,16296],{"class":636},[47,32723,699],{"class":632},[47,32725,2040],{"class":61},[47,32727,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32729,229],{"class":61},[47,32731,699],{"class":632},[47,32733,13143],{"class":636},[47,32735,699],{"class":632},[47,32737,69],{"class":61},[47,32739,8054],{"class":65},[47,32741,69],{"class":61},[47,32743,708],{"class":632},[47,32745,16296],{"class":636},[47,32747,699],{"class":632},[47,32749,80],{"class":61},[20,32751,32752,32754],{},[15,32753,17336],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[33,32756,128,32758,131],{"id":32757},"what-values-does",[15,32759,17336],{},[138,32761,32762,32765,32768,32771],{},[141,32763,32764],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[141,32766,32767],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[141,32769,32770],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[141,32772,32773],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32775,32776,32777,89],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[252,32778,9656],{"href":9655},[33,32780,259],{"id":258},[38,32782,32784],{"className":40,"code":32783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32785,32786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32787,32788,32790,32792,32794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32789,11713],{"class":53},[47,32791,89],{"class":61},[47,32793,5625],{"class":92},[47,32795,96],{"class":61},[20,32797,13315],{},[138,32799,32800,32804,32807],{},[141,32801,32802,11729],{},[15,32803,17336],{},[141,32805,32806],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[141,32808,32809,32810],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32811,17336],{},[20,32813,32814,32815,1233,32820,89],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[252,32816,32817,32819],{"href":17327},[15,32818,17330],{}," for dictionary keys",[252,32821,32822,32824],{"href":17340},[15,32823,17343],{}," for key-value pairs",[33,32826,128,32828,11970],{"id":32827},"what-values-returns",[15,32829,17336],{},[20,32831,32832,22241,32834,25028],{},[15,32833,17336],{},[15,32835,17302],{},[20,32837,32838,32839,32842],{},"This object is a ",[4015,32840,32841],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32844,318],{},[38,32846,32848],{"className":40,"code":32847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32849,32850,32886,32890,32905,32916,32920,32942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32851,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32853,13468],{"class":53},[47,32855,58],{"class":57},[47,32857,10756],{"class":61},[47,32859,633],{"class":632},[47,32861,7932],{"class":636},[47,32863,633],{"class":632},[47,32865,136],{"class":61},[47,32867,644],{"class":632},[47,32869,8185],{"class":636},[47,32871,633],{"class":632},[47,32873,69],{"class":61},[47,32875,644],{"class":632},[47,32877,9563],{"class":636},[47,32879,633],{"class":632},[47,32881,136],{"class":61},[47,32883,9570],{"class":65},[47,32885,9573],{"class":61},[47,32887,32888],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32889,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32891,32892,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,32893,32894],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32896,58],{"class":57},[47,32898,13511],{"class":53},[47,32900,89],{"class":61},[47,32902,5625],{"class":92},[47,32904,96],{"class":61},[47,32906,32907,32909,32911,32914],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,32908,103],{"class":102},[47,32910,106],{"class":61},[47,32912,32913],{"class":92},"values_view",[47,32915,216],{"class":61},[47,32917,32918],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,32919,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,32921,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,32923,17572],{"class":53},[47,32925,229],{"class":61},[47,32927,633],{"class":632},[47,32929,10674],{"class":636},[47,32931,633],{"class":632},[47,32933,13537],{"class":61},[47,32935,13540],{"class":57},[47,32937,644],{"class":632},[47,32939,30909],{"class":636},[47,32941,1609],{"class":632},[47,32943,32944,32946,32948,32950],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,32945,103],{"class":102},[47,32947,106],{"class":61},[47,32949,32913],{"class":92},[47,32951,216],{"class":61},[20,32953,219],{},[38,32955,32957],{"className":40,"code":32956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32958,32959,32977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32960,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32962,17302],{"class":92},[47,32964,2015],{"class":61},[47,32966,699],{"class":632},[47,32968,8185],{"class":636},[47,32970,699],{"class":632},[47,32972,69],{"class":61},[47,32974,9570],{"class":65},[47,32976,2040],{"class":61},[47,32978,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,32980,17302],{"class":92},[47,32982,2015],{"class":61},[47,32984,699],{"class":632},[47,32986,8185],{"class":636},[47,32988,699],{"class":632},[47,32990,69],{"class":61},[47,32992,9570],{"class":65},[47,32994,69],{"class":61},[47,32996,708],{"class":632},[47,32998,30909],{"class":636},[47,33000,699],{"class":632},[47,33002,2040],{"class":61},[20,33004,33005,33006,89],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33007,33008],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,33010,33012],{"className":40,"code":33011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33013,33014,33050,33069,33073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33015,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33017,13468],{"class":53},[47,33019,58],{"class":57},[47,33021,10756],{"class":61},[47,33023,633],{"class":632},[47,33025,7932],{"class":636},[47,33027,633],{"class":632},[47,33029,136],{"class":61},[47,33031,644],{"class":632},[47,33033,8185],{"class":636},[47,33035,633],{"class":632},[47,33037,69],{"class":61},[47,33039,644],{"class":632},[47,33041,9563],{"class":636},[47,33043,633],{"class":632},[47,33045,136],{"class":61},[47,33047,9570],{"class":65},[47,33049,9573],{"class":61},[47,33051,33052,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33053,33054],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,33056,58],{"class":57},[47,33058,1644],{"class":882},[47,33060,106],{"class":61},[47,33062,17572],{"class":92},[47,33064,89],{"class":61},[47,33066,5625],{"class":92},[47,33068,1993],{"class":61},[47,33070,33071],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33072,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33074,33075,33077,33079,33082],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33076,103],{"class":102},[47,33078,106],{"class":61},[47,33080,33081],{"class":92},"values_list",[47,33083,216],{"class":61},[20,33085,219],{},[38,33087,33089],{"className":40,"code":33088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33090,33091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33092,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33094,229],{"class":61},[47,33096,699],{"class":632},[47,33098,8185],{"class":636},[47,33100,699],{"class":632},[47,33102,69],{"class":61},[47,33104,9570],{"class":65},[47,33106,80],{"class":61},[33,33108,11739],{"id":11738},[20,33110,33111],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,33113,33115],{"className":40,"code":33114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33116,33117,33171,33175,33189,33193,33203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33118,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33152,33154,33156,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33120,25060],{"class":53},[47,33122,58],{"class":57},[47,33124,10756],{"class":61},[47,33126,633],{"class":632},[47,33128,25069],{"class":636},[47,33130,633],{"class":632},[47,33132,136],{"class":61},[47,33134,644],{"class":632},[47,33136,25078],{"class":636},[47,33138,633],{"class":632},[47,33140,69],{"class":61},[47,33142,644],{"class":632},[47,33144,25087],{"class":636},[47,33146,633],{"class":632},[47,33148,136],{"class":61},[47,33150,33151],{"class":65}," 2022",[47,33153,69],{"class":61},[47,33155,644],{"class":632},[47,33157,33158],{"class":636},"color",[47,33160,633],{"class":632},[47,33162,136],{"class":61},[47,33164,644],{"class":632},[47,33166,13373],{"class":636},[47,33168,633],{"class":632},[47,33170,9573],{"class":61},[47,33172,33173],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33174,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33176,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33178,1442],{"class":53},[47,33180,58],{"class":57},[47,33182,25109],{"class":53},[47,33184,89],{"class":61},[47,33186,5625],{"class":92},[47,33188,96],{"class":61},[47,33190,33191],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33192,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33194,33195,33197,33199,33201],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,33196,103],{"class":102},[47,33198,106],{"class":61},[47,33200,1466],{"class":92},[47,33202,216],{"class":61},[47,33204,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,33206,103],{"class":102},[47,33208,106],{"class":61},[47,33210,8358],{"class":882},[47,33212,106],{"class":61},[47,33214,1466],{"class":92},[47,33216,1978],{"class":61},[20,33218,219],{},[38,33220,33222],{"className":40,"code":33221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33223,33224,33250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33225,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33227,17302],{"class":92},[47,33229,2015],{"class":61},[47,33231,699],{"class":632},[47,33233,25078],{"class":636},[47,33235,699],{"class":632},[47,33237,69],{"class":61},[47,33239,33151],{"class":65},[47,33241,69],{"class":61},[47,33243,708],{"class":632},[47,33245,13373],{"class":636},[47,33247,699],{"class":632},[47,33249,2040],{"class":61},[47,33251,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33253,229],{"class":61},[47,33255,699],{"class":632},[47,33257,25078],{"class":636},[47,33259,699],{"class":632},[47,33261,69],{"class":61},[47,33263,33151],{"class":65},[47,33265,69],{"class":61},[47,33267,708],{"class":632},[47,33269,13373],{"class":636},[47,33271,699],{"class":632},[47,33273,80],{"class":61},[20,33275,11948],{},[138,33277,33278,33284,33290,33298],{},[141,33279,33280,33283],{},[15,33281,33282],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[141,33285,33286,33289],{},[15,33287,33288],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[141,33291,33292,33295,33296,24882],{},[15,33293,33294],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33297,17302],{},[141,33299,33300,33303],{},[15,33301,33302],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[33,33305,33307],{"id":33306},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33309,33310,33311,26328],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33312,6224],{},[38,33314,33316],{"className":40,"code":33315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33317,33318,33362,33366,33382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33319,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33321,5329],{"class":53},[47,33323,58],{"class":57},[47,33325,10756],{"class":61},[47,33327,633],{"class":632},[47,33329,18682],{"class":636},[47,33331,633],{"class":632},[47,33333,136],{"class":61},[47,33335,20163],{"class":65},[47,33337,69],{"class":61},[47,33339,644],{"class":632},[47,33341,31419],{"class":636},[47,33343,633],{"class":632},[47,33345,136],{"class":61},[47,33347,13771],{"class":65},[47,33349,69],{"class":61},[47,33351,644],{"class":632},[47,33353,18691],{"class":636},[47,33355,633],{"class":632},[47,33357,136],{"class":61},[47,33359,29185],{"class":65},[47,33361,9573],{"class":61},[47,33363,33364],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33365,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33367,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33369,6224],{"class":2027},[47,33371,21850],{"class":53},[47,33373,2034],{"class":2027},[47,33375,5376],{"class":53},[47,33377,89],{"class":61},[47,33379,5625],{"class":92},[47,33381,21861],{"class":61},[47,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33385,8333],{"class":102},[47,33387,106],{"class":61},[47,33389,2753],{"class":92},[47,33391,216],{"class":61},[20,33393,219],{},[38,33395,33397],{"className":40,"code":33396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33398,33399,33404,33409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33400,33401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33402,33403],{"class":65},"90\n",[47,33405,33406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33407,33408],{"class":65},"85\n",[47,33410,33411],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33412,33413],{"class":65},"88\n",[20,33415,17976],{},[138,33417,33418,33421,33424],{},[141,33419,33420],{},"You only need the values",[141,33422,33423],{},"You do not care about the keys",[141,33425,33426],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33428,33429,33430,3158,33434,89],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[252,33431,11002,33432,11006],{"href":17340},[15,33433,17343],{},[252,33435,22741],{"href":33436},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[33,33438,33440],{"id":33439},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33442,118,33443,33445],{},[15,33444,33008],{}," when you need a list.",[38,33447,33449],{"className":40,"code":33448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33450,33451,33497,33501,33521,33525,33536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33452,33453,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33489,33491,33493,33495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33454,33455],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33457,58],{"class":57},[47,33459,10756],{"class":61},[47,33461,633],{"class":632},[47,33463,647],{"class":636},[47,33465,633],{"class":632},[47,33467,136],{"class":61},[47,33469,77],{"class":65},[47,33471,69],{"class":61},[47,33473,644],{"class":632},[47,33475,637],{"class":636},[47,33477,633],{"class":632},[47,33479,136],{"class":61},[47,33481,72],{"class":65},[47,33483,69],{"class":61},[47,33485,644],{"class":632},[47,33487,33488],{"class":636},"orange",[47,33490,633],{"class":632},[47,33492,136],{"class":61},[47,33494,442],{"class":65},[47,33496,9573],{"class":61},[47,33498,33499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33500,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33502,33503,33506,33508,33510,33512,33515,33517,33519],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33504,33505],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33507,58],{"class":57},[47,33509,1644],{"class":882},[47,33511,106],{"class":61},[47,33513,33514],{"class":92},"fruit_prices",[47,33516,89],{"class":61},[47,33518,5625],{"class":92},[47,33520,1993],{"class":61},[47,33522,33523],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33524,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33526,33527,33529,33531,33534],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,33528,103],{"class":102},[47,33530,106],{"class":61},[47,33532,33533],{"class":92},"price_list",[47,33535,216],{"class":61},[47,33537,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,33539,103],{"class":102},[47,33541,106],{"class":61},[47,33543,33533],{"class":92},[47,33545,229],{"class":61},[47,33547,2403],{"class":65},[47,33549,2040],{"class":61},[20,33551,219],{},[38,33553,33555],{"className":40,"code":33554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33556,33557,33573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33558,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33560,229],{"class":61},[47,33562,2340],{"class":65},[47,33564,69],{"class":61},[47,33566,72],{"class":65},[47,33568,69],{"class":61},[47,33570,442],{"class":65},[47,33572,80],{"class":61},[47,33574,33575],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33576,17321],{"class":65},[20,33578,33579],{},"This is helpful for:",[138,33581,33582,33585,33588],{},[141,33583,33584],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[141,33586,33587],{},"Accessing values by index",[141,33589,33590],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33592,4194,33593,33595],{},[15,33594,17302],{}," is not the same as a list.",[33,33597,33599,1225,33601,1225,33603],{"id":33598},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33600,17336],{},[15,33602,17330],{},[15,33604,17343],{},[20,33606,33607],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[138,33609,33610,33615,33620],{},[141,33611,33612,33614],{},[15,33613,17336],{}," returns only the values",[141,33616,33617,33619],{},[15,33618,17330],{}," returns only the keys",[141,33621,33622,33624],{},[15,33623,17343],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33626,2409],{},[38,33628,33630],{"className":40,"code":33629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33631,33632,33668,33672,33686,33700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33633,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33635,13126],{"class":53},[47,33637,58],{"class":57},[47,33639,10756],{"class":61},[47,33641,633],{"class":632},[47,33643,7932],{"class":636},[47,33645,633],{"class":632},[47,33647,136],{"class":61},[47,33649,644],{"class":632},[47,33651,13143],{"class":636},[47,33653,633],{"class":632},[47,33655,69],{"class":61},[47,33657,644],{"class":632},[47,33659,9563],{"class":636},[47,33661,633],{"class":632},[47,33663,136],{"class":61},[47,33665,8054],{"class":65},[47,33667,9573],{"class":61},[47,33669,33670],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33671,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33673,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33675,103],{"class":102},[47,33677,106],{"class":61},[47,33679,13890],{"class":92},[47,33681,89],{"class":61},[47,33683,17188],{"class":92},[47,33685,1993],{"class":61},[47,33687,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33689,103],{"class":102},[47,33691,106],{"class":61},[47,33693,13890],{"class":92},[47,33695,89],{"class":61},[47,33697,5625],{"class":92},[47,33699,1993],{"class":61},[47,33701,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,33703,103],{"class":102},[47,33705,106],{"class":61},[47,33707,13890],{"class":92},[47,33709,89],{"class":61},[47,33711,1562],{"class":92},[47,33713,1993],{"class":61},[20,33715,219],{},[38,33717,33719],{"className":40,"code":33718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33720,33721,33743,33761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33722,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33724,17279],{"class":92},[47,33726,2015],{"class":61},[47,33728,699],{"class":632},[47,33730,7932],{"class":636},[47,33732,699],{"class":632},[47,33734,69],{"class":61},[47,33736,708],{"class":632},[47,33738,9563],{"class":636},[47,33740,699],{"class":632},[47,33742,2040],{"class":61},[47,33744,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33746,17302],{"class":92},[47,33748,2015],{"class":61},[47,33750,699],{"class":632},[47,33752,13143],{"class":636},[47,33754,699],{"class":632},[47,33756,69],{"class":61},[47,33758,8054],{"class":65},[47,33760,2040],{"class":61},[47,33762,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33764,22174],{"class":92},[47,33766,9922],{"class":61},[47,33768,699],{"class":632},[47,33770,7932],{"class":636},[47,33772,699],{"class":632},[47,33774,69],{"class":61},[47,33776,8054],{"class":65},[47,33778,10944],{"class":61},[20,33780,2114],{},[138,33782,33783,33790,33797],{},[141,33784,33785,33789],{},[252,33786,33787],{"href":17327},[15,33788,17330],{}," when you need just the keys",[141,33791,33792,33796],{},[252,33793,33794],{"href":17333},[15,33795,17336],{}," when you need just the values",[141,33798,33799,33803],{},[252,33800,33801],{"href":17340},[15,33802,17343],{}," when you need both",[33,33805,4784],{"id":4783},[20,33807,33808,33809,89],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33810,17336],{},[1404,33812,29915,33814,33816],{"id":33813},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33815,17336],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33818,33819,33821],{},[15,33820,17336],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33823,1590],{},[38,33825,33827],{"className":40,"code":33826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33828,33829,33849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33830,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33832,8573],{"class":53},[47,33834,58],{"class":57},[47,33836,62],{"class":61},[47,33838,232],{"class":65},[47,33840,69],{"class":61},[47,33842,77],{"class":65},[47,33844,69],{"class":61},[47,33846,442],{"class":65},[47,33848,80],{"class":61},[47,33850,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33852,103],{"class":102},[47,33854,106],{"class":61},[47,33856,269],{"class":92},[47,33858,89],{"class":61},[47,33860,5625],{"class":92},[47,33862,1993],{"class":61},[20,33864,33865,33866,1626],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33867,17336],{},[20,33869,33870],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,33872,33874],{"className":40,"code":33873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33875,33876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33877,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33879,103],{"class":102},[47,33881,106],{"class":61},[47,33883,1971],{"class":882},[47,33885,106],{"class":61},[47,33887,269],{"class":92},[47,33889,1978],{"class":61},[20,33891,33892,33893,33895,33896,89],{},"If you get an ",[15,33894,25936],{},", see ",[252,33897,25944,33898,33900],{"href":25943},[15,33899,25947],{}," errors",[1404,33902,4845,33904,33906],{"id":33903},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33905,17336],{}," returns a list",[20,33908,33909],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,33911,33913],{"className":40,"code":33912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33914,33915,33951,33965,33969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33916,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33918,13126],{"class":53},[47,33920,58],{"class":57},[47,33922,10756],{"class":61},[47,33924,633],{"class":632},[47,33926,7932],{"class":636},[47,33928,633],{"class":632},[47,33930,136],{"class":61},[47,33932,644],{"class":632},[47,33934,13143],{"class":636},[47,33936,633],{"class":632},[47,33938,69],{"class":61},[47,33940,644],{"class":632},[47,33942,9563],{"class":636},[47,33944,633],{"class":632},[47,33946,136],{"class":61},[47,33948,8054],{"class":65},[47,33950,9573],{"class":61},[47,33952,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,33954,4095],{"class":53},[47,33956,58],{"class":57},[47,33958,13169],{"class":53},[47,33960,89],{"class":61},[47,33962,5625],{"class":92},[47,33964,96],{"class":61},[47,33966,33967],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,33968,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,33972,103],{"class":102},[47,33974,106],{"class":61},[47,33976,1971],{"class":882},[47,33978,106],{"class":61},[47,33980,5625],{"class":92},[47,33982,1978],{"class":61},[20,33984,219],{},[38,33986,33988],{"className":40,"code":33987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33989,33990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33991,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33993,3568],{"class":57},[47,33995,3571],{"class":2348},[47,33997,708],{"class":632},[47,33999,17302],{"class":636},[47,34001,699],{"class":632},[47,34003,3580],{"class":57},[20,34005,5414,34006,34008],{},[15,34007,17302],{},", not a list.",[20,34010,34011],{},"If you need a list:",[38,34013,34015],{"className":40,"code":34014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34016,34017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34018,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34020,4095],{"class":53},[47,34022,58],{"class":57},[47,34024,1644],{"class":882},[47,34026,106],{"class":61},[47,34028,13890],{"class":92},[47,34030,89],{"class":61},[47,34032,5625],{"class":92},[47,34034,1993],{"class":61},[1404,34036,34038,34039],{"id":34037},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34040,17302],{},[20,34042,34043],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,34045,34047],{"className":40,"code":34046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34048,34049,34085,34099,34103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34050,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34052,13126],{"class":53},[47,34054,58],{"class":57},[47,34056,10756],{"class":61},[47,34058,633],{"class":632},[47,34060,7932],{"class":636},[47,34062,633],{"class":632},[47,34064,136],{"class":61},[47,34066,644],{"class":632},[47,34068,13143],{"class":636},[47,34070,633],{"class":632},[47,34072,69],{"class":61},[47,34074,644],{"class":632},[47,34076,9563],{"class":636},[47,34078,633],{"class":632},[47,34080,136],{"class":61},[47,34082,8054],{"class":65},[47,34084,9573],{"class":61},[47,34086,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34088,4095],{"class":53},[47,34090,58],{"class":57},[47,34092,13169],{"class":53},[47,34094,89],{"class":61},[47,34096,5625],{"class":92},[47,34098,96],{"class":61},[47,34100,34101],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34102,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,34104,34105],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,34106,34107],{"class":114},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34109,34110],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,34112,34114],{"className":40,"code":34113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34115,34116,34152,34170,34174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34117,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34119,13126],{"class":53},[47,34121,58],{"class":57},[47,34123,10756],{"class":61},[47,34125,633],{"class":632},[47,34127,7932],{"class":636},[47,34129,633],{"class":632},[47,34131,136],{"class":61},[47,34133,644],{"class":632},[47,34135,13143],{"class":636},[47,34137,633],{"class":632},[47,34139,69],{"class":61},[47,34141,644],{"class":632},[47,34143,9563],{"class":636},[47,34145,633],{"class":632},[47,34147,136],{"class":61},[47,34149,8054],{"class":65},[47,34151,9573],{"class":61},[47,34153,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34155,4095],{"class":53},[47,34157,58],{"class":57},[47,34159,1644],{"class":882},[47,34161,106],{"class":61},[47,34163,13890],{"class":92},[47,34165,89],{"class":61},[47,34167,5625],{"class":92},[47,34169,1993],{"class":61},[47,34171,34172],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34173,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,34175,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,34177,103],{"class":102},[47,34179,106],{"class":61},[47,34181,5625],{"class":92},[47,34183,229],{"class":61},[47,34185,2403],{"class":65},[47,34187,2040],{"class":61},[1404,34189,8681,34191,11358,34193],{"id":34190},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34192,5625],{},[15,34194,17336],{},[20,34196,34197],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,34199,34201],{"className":40,"code":34200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34202,34203,34239,34243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34204,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34206,13126],{"class":53},[47,34208,58],{"class":57},[47,34210,10756],{"class":61},[47,34212,633],{"class":632},[47,34214,7932],{"class":636},[47,34216,633],{"class":632},[47,34218,136],{"class":61},[47,34220,644],{"class":632},[47,34222,13143],{"class":636},[47,34224,633],{"class":632},[47,34226,69],{"class":61},[47,34228,644],{"class":632},[47,34230,9563],{"class":636},[47,34232,633],{"class":632},[47,34234,136],{"class":61},[47,34236,8054],{"class":65},[47,34238,9573],{"class":61},[47,34240,34241],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34242,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,34244,34245,34247,34249,34251,34253,34255],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34246,103],{"class":102},[47,34248,106],{"class":61},[47,34250,13890],{"class":92},[47,34252,89],{"class":61},[47,34254,5625],{"class":888},[47,34256,216],{"class":61},[20,34258,34259,34262],{},[15,34260,34261],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34264,2114],{},[38,34266,34268],{"className":40,"code":34267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34269,34270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34271,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34273,103],{"class":102},[47,34275,106],{"class":61},[47,34277,13890],{"class":92},[47,34279,89],{"class":61},[47,34281,5625],{"class":92},[47,34283,1993],{"class":61},[1404,34285,34287],{"id":34286},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34289,34290],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,34292,34294],{"className":40,"code":34293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34295,34296,34328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34297,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310,34312,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322,34324,34326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34299,9430],{"class":53},[47,34301,58],{"class":57},[47,34303,10756],{"class":61},[47,34305,633],{"class":632},[47,34307,252],{"class":636},[47,34309,633],{"class":632},[47,34311,136],{"class":61},[47,34313,72],{"class":65},[47,34315,69],{"class":61},[47,34317,644],{"class":632},[47,34319,5026],{"class":636},[47,34321,633],{"class":632},[47,34323,136],{"class":61},[47,34325,77],{"class":65},[47,34327,9573],{"class":61},[47,34329,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34331,103],{"class":102},[47,34333,106],{"class":61},[47,34335,9468],{"class":92},[47,34337,89],{"class":61},[47,34339,5625],{"class":92},[47,34341,1993],{"class":61},[20,34343,34344],{},"Not like this:",[38,34346,34348],{"className":40,"code":34347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34349,34350,34355,34360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34351,34352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34353,34354],{"class":114},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,34356,34357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34358,34359],{"class":114},"# data().values()\n",[47,34361,34362],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34363,34364],{"class":114},"# values(data)\n",[20,34366,3617],{},[38,34368,34370],{"className":40,"code":34369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34371,34372,34386,34396,34410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34373,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34375,103],{"class":102},[47,34377,106],{"class":61},[47,34379,1971],{"class":882},[47,34381,106],{"class":61},[47,34383,11713],{"class":92},[47,34385,1978],{"class":61},[47,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34389,103],{"class":102},[47,34391,106],{"class":61},[47,34393,11713],{"class":92},[47,34395,216],{"class":61},[47,34397,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34399,103],{"class":102},[47,34401,106],{"class":61},[47,34403,11713],{"class":92},[47,34405,89],{"class":61},[47,34407,5625],{"class":92},[47,34409,1993],{"class":61},[47,34411,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34426],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,34413,103],{"class":102},[47,34415,106],{"class":61},[47,34417,8358],{"class":882},[47,34419,106],{"class":61},[47,34421,11713],{"class":92},[47,34423,89],{"class":61},[47,34425,5625],{"class":92},[47,34427,6554],{"class":61},[33,34429,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,34431,5408,34433,5411],{"id":34432},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34434,32587],{},[20,34436,17687,34437,34439],{},[15,34438,17302],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1404,34441,2082,34443,24196],{"id":34442},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34444,17336],{},[20,34446,24199,34447,24203],{},[15,34448,34449],{},"list(...)",[1404,34451,26320,34453,2099],{"id":34452},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34454,32587],{},[20,34456,34457,34458,26328],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34459,6224],{},[1404,34461,2082,34463,34465],{"id":34462},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34464,32587],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34467,34468],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1404,34470,34472,34473,34475,34476,2099],{"id":34471},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34474,17336],{}," different from ",[15,34477,17343],{},[20,34479,34480,34482,34483,34485],{},[15,34481,17336],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34484,17343],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[33,34487,2187],{"id":2186},[138,34489,34490,34496,34502,34506,34512,34516],{},[141,34491,34492],{},[252,34493,11002,34494,11006],{"href":17327},[15,34495,17330],{},[141,34497,34498],{},[252,34499,11002,34500,11006],{"href":17340},[15,34501,17343],{},[141,34503,34504],{},[252,34505,11507],{"href":9655},[141,34507,34508],{},[252,34509,34511],{"href":34510},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[141,34513,34514],{},[252,34515,24281],{"href":33436},[141,34517,34518],{},[252,34519,30613,34520],{"href":25943},[15,34521,34522],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2210,34524,34525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":34527},[34528,34529,34531,34532,34534,34535,34536,34537,34539,34550,34562],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":32757,"depth":83,"text":34530},"What values() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":32827,"depth":83,"text":34533},"What values() returns",{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":33306,"depth":83,"text":33307},{"id":33439,"depth":83,"text":33440},{"id":33598,"depth":83,"text":34538},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":34540},[34541,34543,34545,34547,34549],{"id":33813,"depth":99,"text":34542},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33903,"depth":99,"text":34544},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34037,"depth":99,"text":34546},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34190,"depth":99,"text":34548},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34286,"depth":99,"text":34287},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":34551},[34552,34554,34556,34558,34560],{"id":34432,"depth":99,"text":34553},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34442,"depth":99,"text":34555},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34452,"depth":99,"text":34557},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34462,"depth":99,"text":34559},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34471,"depth":99,"text":34561},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32574,"description":34563},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34569,"title":34570,"body":34571,"description":35999,"extension":2248,"meta":36000,"navigation":203,"path":36001,"seo":36002,"stem":36003,"__hash__":36004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34572,"toc":35951},[34573,34579,34584,34587,34603,34612,34614,34646,34652,34655,34750,34753,34758,34763,34766,34777,34779,34793,34799,34801,34806,34812,34815,34854,34862,34867,34870,34915,34918,34930,34936,34942,34946,34977,34980,34998,35001,35005,35044,35046,35065,35068,35080,35085,35091,35094,35149,35152,35163,35166,35177,35180,35184,35190,35192,35222,35225,35240,35243,35246,35265,35268,35284,35293,35295,35326,35332,35337,35340,35347,35378,35381,35403,35406,35409,35423,35427,35458,35473,35480,35487,35491,35499,35503,35511,35514,35563,35574,35576,35579,35585,35590,35600,35604,35607,35610,35614,35617,35619,35640,35644,35650,35661,35667,35669,35675,35699,35702,35765,35768,35796,35799,35861,35863,35868,35871,35878,35886,35893,35896,35904,35910,35912,35939,35948],[10,34574,1386,34576,3855],{"id":34575},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34577,34578],{},"dir()",[20,34580,32584,34581,34583],{},[15,34582,34578],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34585,34586],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[138,34588,34589,34592,34595,34600],{},[141,34590,34591],{},"learning Python",[141,34593,34594],{},"exploring a new object",[141,34596,34597,34598],{},"debugging an ",[15,34599,25936],{},[141,34601,34602],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34604,34605,34606,34608,34609],{},"In short, ",[15,34607,34578],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[4015,34610,34611],{},"“What can I use here?”",[33,34613,36],{"id":35},[38,34615,34617],{"className":40,"code":34616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34618,34619,34631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34620,34621,34623,34625,34627,34629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34622,8140],{"class":53},[47,34624,58],{"class":57},[47,34626,644],{"class":632},[47,34628,4118],{"class":636},[47,34630,1609],{"class":632},[47,34632,34633,34635,34637,34640,34642,34644],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34634,103],{"class":102},[47,34636,106],{"class":61},[47,34638,34639],{"class":102},"dir",[47,34641,106],{"class":61},[47,34643,7932],{"class":92},[47,34645,1978],{"class":61},[20,34647,118,34648,34651],{},[15,34649,34650],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34653,34654],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,34656,34658],{"className":40,"code":34657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34659,34660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34661,34662,34664,34666,34669,34671,34673,34675,34678,34680,34682,34684,34687,34689,34691,34693,34696,34698,34700,34702,34705,34707,34709,34711,34714,34716,34718,34722,34724,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34737,34739,34741,34743,34746,34748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34663,229],{"class":61},[47,34665,699],{"class":632},[47,34667,34668],{"class":636},"__add__",[47,34670,699],{"class":632},[47,34672,69],{"class":61},[47,34674,708],{"class":632},[47,34676,34677],{"class":636},"__class__",[47,34679,699],{"class":632},[47,34681,69],{"class":61},[47,34683,708],{"class":632},[47,34685,34686],{"class":636},"__contains__",[47,34688,699],{"class":632},[47,34690,69],{"class":61},[47,34692,708],{"class":632},[47,34694,34695],{"class":636},"__delattr__",[47,34697,699],{"class":632},[47,34699,69],{"class":61},[47,34701,708],{"class":632},[47,34703,34704],{"class":636},"__dir__",[47,34706,699],{"class":632},[47,34708,69],{"class":61},[47,34710,708],{"class":632},[47,34712,34713],{"class":636},"__doc__",[47,34715,699],{"class":632},[47,34717,69],{"class":61},[47,34719,34721],{"class":34720},"s_hVV"," ...",[47,34723,69],{"class":61},[47,34725,708],{"class":632},[47,34727,889],{"class":636},[47,34729,699],{"class":632},[47,34731,69],{"class":61},[47,34733,708],{"class":632},[47,34735,34736],{"class":636},"split",[47,34738,699],{"class":632},[47,34740,69],{"class":61},[47,34742,708],{"class":632},[47,34744,34745],{"class":636},"upper",[47,34747,699],{"class":632},[47,34749,80],{"class":61},[20,34751,34752],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[33,34754,128,34756,131],{"id":34755},"what-dir-does",[15,34757,34578],{},[20,34759,34760,34762],{},[15,34761,34578],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34764,34765],{},"It usually includes:",[138,34767,34768,34771,34774],{},[141,34769,34770],{},"attributes",[141,34772,34773],{},"methods",[141,34775,34776],{},"special Python names",[20,34778,11722],{},[138,34780,34781,34787,34790],{},[141,34782,34783,34784],{},"The result is a ",[4015,34785,34786],{},"list of strings",[141,34788,34789],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[141,34791,34792],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34794,34795,34796,34798],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34797,34578],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[33,34800,259],{"id":258},[20,34802,34803,34805],{},[15,34804,34578],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1404,34807,34809,34811],{"id":34808},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34810,34578],{}," with no argument",[20,34813,34814],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,34816,34818],{"className":40,"code":34817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34819,34820,34828,34840,34844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34821,34822,34824,34826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34823,3302],{"class":53},[47,34825,58],{"class":57},[47,34827,2867],{"class":65},[47,34829,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34831,8140],{"class":53},[47,34833,58],{"class":57},[47,34835,644],{"class":632},[47,34837,7941],{"class":636},[47,34839,1609],{"class":632},[47,34841,34842],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,34843,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,34845,34846,34848,34850,34852],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,34847,103],{"class":102},[47,34849,106],{"class":61},[47,34851,34639],{"class":102},[47,34853,1993],{"class":61},[20,34855,34856,34857,1233,34859,34861],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34858,2456],{},[15,34860,7932],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1404,34863,34865],{"id":34864},"dirobject",[15,34866,34650],{},[20,34868,34869],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,34871,34873],{"className":40,"code":34872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34874,34875,34893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34876,34877,34879,34881,34883,34885,34887,34889,34891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34878,103],{"class":102},[47,34880,106],{"class":61},[47,34882,34639],{"class":102},[47,34884,106],{"class":61},[47,34886,633],{"class":632},[47,34888,4118],{"class":636},[47,34890,633],{"class":632},[47,34892,1978],{"class":61},[47,34894,34895,34897,34899,34901,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911,34913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34896,103],{"class":102},[47,34898,106],{"class":61},[47,34900,34639],{"class":102},[47,34902,2015],{"class":61},[47,34904,232],{"class":65},[47,34906,69],{"class":61},[47,34908,77],{"class":65},[47,34910,69],{"class":61},[47,34912,442],{"class":65},[47,34914,3278],{"class":61},[20,34916,34917],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[138,34919,34920,34922,34924,34927],{},[141,34921,5575],{},[141,34923,5566],{},[141,34925,34926],{},"modules",[141,34928,34929],{},"custom objects",[33,34931,8681,34933,34935],{"id":34932},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34934,34578],{}," with a value",[20,34937,34938,34939,34941],{},"A common use of ",[15,34940,34578],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1404,34943,34945],{"id":34944},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,34947,34949],{"className":40,"code":34948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34950,34951,34963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34952,34953,34955,34957,34959,34961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34954,1600],{"class":53},[47,34956,58],{"class":57},[47,34958,644],{"class":632},[47,34960,4118],{"class":636},[47,34962,1609],{"class":632},[47,34964,34965,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,34966,103],{"class":102},[47,34968,106],{"class":61},[47,34970,34639],{"class":102},[47,34972,106],{"class":61},[47,34974,1614],{"class":92},[47,34976,1978],{"class":61},[20,34978,34979],{},"You will see method names like:",[138,34981,34982,34986,34990,34994],{},[141,34983,34984],{},[15,34985,889],{},[141,34987,34988],{},[15,34989,34745],{},[141,34991,34992],{},[15,34993,34736],{},[141,34995,34996],{},[15,34997,8899],{},[20,34999,35000],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1404,35002,35004],{"id":35003},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,35006,35008],{"className":40,"code":35007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35009,35010,35030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35011,35012,35014,35016,35018,35020,35022,35024,35026,35028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35013,54],{"class":53},[47,35015,58],{"class":57},[47,35017,62],{"class":61},[47,35019,232],{"class":65},[47,35021,69],{"class":61},[47,35023,77],{"class":65},[47,35025,69],{"class":61},[47,35027,442],{"class":65},[47,35029,80],{"class":61},[47,35031,35032,35034,35036,35038,35040,35042],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35033,103],{"class":102},[47,35035,106],{"class":61},[47,35037,34639],{"class":102},[47,35039,106],{"class":61},[47,35041,86],{"class":92},[47,35043,1978],{"class":61},[20,35045,34979],{},[138,35047,35048,35052,35056,35061],{},[141,35049,35050],{},[15,35051,13817],{},[141,35053,35054],{},[15,35055,26505],{},[141,35057,35058],{},[15,35059,35060],{},"remove",[141,35062,35063],{},[15,35064,93],{},[20,35066,35067],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35069,35070,35071,35076,35077,35079],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[252,35072,35074],{"href":35073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35075,2584],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35078,34578],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[33,35081,8681,35083,34811],{"id":35082},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35084,34578],{},[20,35086,35087,35088,35090],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35089,34578],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35092,35093],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,35095,35097],{"className":40,"code":35096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35098,35099,35108,35112,35123,35135,35139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35100,35101,35103,35105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35102,3302],{"class":53},[47,35104,58],{"class":57},[47,35106,35107],{"class":65}," 5\n",[47,35109,35110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35111,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35113,35114,35117,35121],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35115,35116],{"class":2348},"def",[47,35118,35120],{"class":35119},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,35122,21861],{"class":61},[47,35124,35125,35128,35130,35133],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,35126,35127],{"class":2027},"    return",[47,35129,644],{"class":632},[47,35131,35132],{"class":636},"Hello",[47,35134,1609],{"class":632},[47,35136,35137],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,35138,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35140,35141,35143,35145,35147],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,35142,103],{"class":102},[47,35144,106],{"class":61},[47,35146,34639],{"class":102},[47,35148,1993],{"class":61},[20,35150,35151],{},"The output will include names like:",[138,35153,35154,35158],{},[141,35155,35156],{},[15,35157,2456],{},[141,35159,35160],{},[15,35161,35162],{},"greet",[20,35164,35165],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[138,35167,35168,35171,35174],{},[141,35169,35170],{},"what variables exist",[141,35172,35173],{},"what functions you have defined",[141,35175,35176],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35178,35179],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[33,35181,35183],{"id":35182},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35185,35186,35187,35189],{},"When you first use ",[15,35188,34578],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35191,318],{},[38,35193,35194],{"className":40,"code":34948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35195,35196,35208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35197,35198,35200,35202,35204,35206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35199,1600],{"class":53},[47,35201,58],{"class":57},[47,35203,644],{"class":632},[47,35205,4118],{"class":636},[47,35207,1609],{"class":632},[47,35209,35210,35212,35214,35216,35218,35220],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35211,103],{"class":102},[47,35213,106],{"class":61},[47,35215,34639],{"class":102},[47,35217,106],{"class":61},[47,35219,1614],{"class":92},[47,35221,1978],{"class":61},[20,35223,35224],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[138,35226,35227,35231,35235],{},[141,35228,35229],{},[15,35230,34677],{},[141,35232,35233],{},[15,35234,34713],{},[141,35236,35237],{},[15,35238,35239],{},"__len__",[20,35241,35242],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35244,35245],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[138,35247,35248,35252,35256,35260],{},[141,35249,35250],{},[15,35251,34745],{},[141,35253,35254],{},[15,35255,889],{},[141,35257,35258],{},[15,35259,34736],{},[141,35261,35262],{},[15,35263,35264],{},"replace",[20,35266,35267],{},"A key point to remember:",[138,35269,35270,35278],{},[141,35271,35272,35274,35275],{},[15,35273,34578],{}," lists ",[4015,35276,35277],{},"names only",[141,35279,35280,35281,35283],{},"it does ",[4015,35282,4896],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35285,35286,35287,89],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[252,35288,35290],{"href":35289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35291,35292],{},"help()",[20,35294,5739],{},[38,35296,35298],{"className":40,"code":35297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35299,35300,35312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35301,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35303,8140],{"class":53},[47,35305,58],{"class":57},[47,35307,644],{"class":632},[47,35309,4118],{"class":636},[47,35311,1609],{"class":632},[47,35313,35314,35316,35318,35320,35322,35324],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35315,32419],{"class":102},[47,35317,106],{"class":61},[47,35319,7932],{"class":92},[47,35321,89],{"class":61},[47,35323,34745],{"class":888},[47,35325,216],{"class":61},[33,35327,35329,35331],{"id":35328},"dir-on-modules",[15,35330,34578],{}," on modules",[20,35333,15979,35334,35336],{},[15,35335,34578],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35338,35339],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1404,35341,35343,35344,35346],{"id":35342},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35345,18682],{}," module",[38,35348,35350],{"className":40,"code":35349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35351,35352,35360,35364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35353,35354,35357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35355,35356],{"class":2027},"import",[47,35358,35359],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,35361,35362],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35363,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35365,35366,35368,35370,35372,35374,35376],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35367,103],{"class":102},[47,35369,106],{"class":61},[47,35371,34639],{"class":102},[47,35373,106],{"class":61},[47,35375,18682],{"class":92},[47,35377,1978],{"class":61},[20,35379,35380],{},"You may see names like:",[138,35382,35383,35388,35393,35398],{},[141,35384,35385],{},[15,35386,35387],{},"sqrt",[141,35389,35390],{},[15,35391,35392],{},"ceil",[141,35394,35395],{},[15,35396,35397],{},"floor",[141,35399,35400],{},[15,35401,35402],{},"pi",[20,35404,35405],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35407,35408],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[138,35410,35411,35417],{},[141,35412,35413],{},[252,35414,35416],{"href":35415},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[141,35418,35419],{},[252,35420,35422],{"href":35421},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1404,35424,35426],{"id":35425},"another-example","Another example",[38,35428,35430],{"className":40,"code":35429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35431,35432,35439,35443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35433,35434,35436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35435,35356],{"class":2027},[47,35437,35438],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35440,35441],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35442,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35444,35445,35447,35449,35451,35453,35456],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35446,103],{"class":102},[47,35448,106],{"class":61},[47,35450,34639],{"class":102},[47,35452,106],{"class":61},[47,35454,35455],{"class":92},"json",[47,35457,1978],{"class":61},[20,35459,35460,35461,2472,35464,2472,35467,17337,35470,89],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35462,35463],{},"dump",[15,35465,35466],{},"dumps",[15,35468,35469],{},"load",[15,35471,35472],{},"loads",[33,35474,35476,1225,35478],{"id":35475},"dir-vs-help",[15,35477,34578],{},[15,35479,35292],{},[20,35481,35482,1233,35484,35486],{},[15,35483,34578],{},[15,35485,35292],{}," are often used together.",[1404,35488,35489],{"id":34639},[15,35490,34578],{},[138,35492,35493,35496],{},[141,35494,35495],{},"shows available names",[141,35497,35498],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1404,35500,35501],{"id":32419},[15,35502,35292],{},[138,35504,35505,35508],{},[141,35506,35507],{},"explains what an object or function does",[141,35509,35510],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35512,35513],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,35515,35517],{"className":40,"code":35516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35518,35519,35531,35535,35549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35520,35521,35523,35525,35527,35529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35522,8140],{"class":53},[47,35524,58],{"class":57},[47,35526,644],{"class":632},[47,35528,4118],{"class":636},[47,35530,1609],{"class":632},[47,35532,35533],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35534,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35536,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35538,103],{"class":102},[47,35540,106],{"class":61},[47,35542,34639],{"class":102},[47,35544,106],{"class":61},[47,35546,7932],{"class":92},[47,35548,1978],{"class":61},[47,35550,35551,35553,35555,35557,35559,35561],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,35552,32419],{"class":102},[47,35554,106],{"class":61},[47,35556,7932],{"class":92},[47,35558,89],{"class":61},[47,35560,34745],{"class":888},[47,35562,216],{"class":61},[20,35564,118,35565,35567,35568,35570,35571,35573],{},[15,35566,34578],{}," first to find a method name.",[10111,35569],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35572,35292],{}," to understand how to use it.",[33,35575,25622],{"id":25621},[20,35577,35578],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1404,35580,35582,35584],{"id":35581},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35583,34578],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35586,35587,35589],{},[15,35588,34578],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35591,35592,35593,35595,35596,35599],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35594,34745],{}," in ",[15,35597,35598],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1404,35601,35603],{"id":35602},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35605,35606],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35608,35609],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1404,35611,35613],{"id":35612},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35615,35616],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35618,5739],{},[138,35620,35621,35626,35632],{},[141,35622,35623,35625],{},[15,35624,35598],{}," shows string-related names",[141,35627,35628,35631],{},[15,35629,35630],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[141,35633,35634,35637,35638,35346],{},[15,35635,35636],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35639,18682],{},[1404,35641,35643],{"id":35642},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35645,35646,35647,35649],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35648,34578],{}," does not mean you already know:",[138,35651,35652,35655,35658],{},[141,35653,35654],{},"what it does",[141,35656,35657],{},"what arguments it needs",[141,35659,35660],{},"what it returns",[20,35662,35663,35664,35666],{},"That is why ",[15,35665,35292],{}," is the natural next step.",[33,35668,1397],{"id":1396},[20,35670,35671,35672,35674],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35673,34578],{}," in these situations:",[138,35676,35677,35680,35689,35692],{},[141,35678,35679],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[141,35681,35682,35683,35688],{},"Seeing an ",[252,35684,35686],{"href":35685},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35687,25936],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[141,35690,35691],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[141,35693,8681,35694,35696,35697],{},[15,35695,34578],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35698,35292],{},[20,35700,35701],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,35703,35705],{"className":40,"code":35704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35706,35707,35719,35723,35737,35751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35708,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35710,8140],{"class":53},[47,35712,58],{"class":57},[47,35714,644],{"class":632},[47,35716,4118],{"class":636},[47,35718,1609],{"class":632},[47,35720,35721],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35722,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35724,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733,35735],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35726,103],{"class":102},[47,35728,106],{"class":61},[47,35730,1971],{"class":882},[47,35732,106],{"class":61},[47,35734,7932],{"class":92},[47,35736,1978],{"class":61},[47,35738,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,35740,103],{"class":102},[47,35742,106],{"class":61},[47,35744,34639],{"class":102},[47,35746,106],{"class":61},[47,35748,7932],{"class":92},[47,35750,1978],{"class":61},[47,35752,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,35754,32419],{"class":102},[47,35756,106],{"class":61},[47,35758,7932],{"class":92},[47,35760,89],{"class":61},[47,35762,34745],{"class":888},[47,35764,216],{"class":61},[20,35766,35767],{},"And for modules:",[38,35769,35770],{"className":40,"code":35349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35771,35772,35778,35782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35773,35774,35776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35775,35356],{"class":2027},[47,35777,35359],{"class":53},[47,35779,35780],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35781,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,35783,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35785,103],{"class":102},[47,35787,106],{"class":61},[47,35789,34639],{"class":102},[47,35791,106],{"class":61},[47,35793,18682],{"class":92},[47,35795,1978],{"class":61},[20,35797,35798],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,35800,35802],{"className":40,"code":35801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35803,35804,35809,35821,35831,35845,35851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35805,35806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35807,35808],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35810,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,35812,8140],{"class":53},[47,35814,58],{"class":57},[47,35816,644],{"class":632},[47,35818,4118],{"class":636},[47,35820,1609],{"class":632},[47,35822,35823,35825,35827,35829],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,35824,34639],{"class":102},[47,35826,106],{"class":61},[47,35828,7932],{"class":92},[47,35830,216],{"class":61},[47,35832,35833,35835,35837,35839,35841,35843],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,35834,32419],{"class":102},[47,35836,106],{"class":61},[47,35838,7932],{"class":92},[47,35840,89],{"class":61},[47,35842,34745],{"class":888},[47,35844,216],{"class":61},[47,35846,35847,35849],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,35848,35356],{"class":2027},[47,35850,35359],{"class":53},[47,35852,35853,35855,35857,35859],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,35854,34639],{"class":102},[47,35856,106],{"class":61},[47,35858,18682],{"class":92},[47,35860,216],{"class":61},[33,35862,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,35864,5408,35866,5411],{"id":35865},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35867,34578],{},[20,35869,35870],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1404,35872,2094,35874,1233,35876,2099],{"id":35873},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35875,34578],{},[15,35877,35292],{},[20,35879,35880,35882,35883,35885],{},[15,35881,34578],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35884,35292],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1404,35887,35889,35890,35892],{"id":35888},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35891,34578],{}," output?",[20,35894,35895],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1404,35897,5436,35899,35901,35902,2099],{"id":35898},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35900,34578],{}," help fix ",[15,35903,25936],{},[20,35905,35906,35907,89],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[252,35908,35909],{"href":35685},"object has no attribute",[33,35911,2187],{"id":2186},[138,35913,35914,35920,35925,35929,35933],{},[141,35915,35916],{},[252,35917,1386,35918,3785],{"href":35289},[15,35919,35292],{},[141,35921,35922],{},[252,35923,35924],{"href":35685},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[141,35926,35927],{},[252,35928,35416],{"href":35415},[141,35930,35931],{},[252,35932,35422],{"href":35421},[141,35934,35935],{},[252,35936,1386,35937,3785],{"href":35073},[15,35938,2584],{},[20,35940,35941,35942,35944,35945,35947],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35943,34578],{}," together with ",[15,35946,35292],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2210,35949,35950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":35952},[35953,35954,35956,35961,35966,35968,35969,35975,35980,35987,35988,35998],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":34755,"depth":83,"text":35955},"What dir() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":35957},[35958,35960],{"id":34808,"depth":99,"text":35959},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34864,"depth":99,"text":34650},{"id":34932,"depth":83,"text":35962,"children":35963},"Using dir() with a value",[35964,35965],{"id":34944,"depth":99,"text":34945},{"id":35003,"depth":99,"text":35004},{"id":35082,"depth":83,"text":35967},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35182,"depth":83,"text":35183},{"id":35328,"depth":83,"text":35970,"children":35971},"dir() on modules",[35972,35974],{"id":35342,"depth":99,"text":35973},"Example: math module",{"id":35425,"depth":99,"text":35426},{"id":35475,"depth":83,"text":35976,"children":35977},"dir() vs help()",[35978,35979],{"id":34639,"depth":99,"text":34578},{"id":32419,"depth":99,"text":35292},{"id":25621,"depth":83,"text":25622,"children":35981},[35982,35984,35985,35986],{"id":35581,"depth":99,"text":35983},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35602,"depth":99,"text":35603},{"id":35612,"depth":99,"text":35613},{"id":35642,"depth":99,"text":35643},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":35989},[35990,35992,35994,35996],{"id":35865,"depth":99,"text":35991},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35873,"depth":99,"text":35993},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35888,"depth":99,"text":35995},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35898,"depth":99,"text":35997},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34570,"description":35999},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36006,"title":36007,"body":36008,"description":37824,"extension":2248,"meta":37825,"navigation":203,"path":37826,"seo":37827,"stem":37828,"__hash__":37829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36009,"toc":37793},[36010,36016,36021,36024,36032,36038,36040,36120,36122,36148,36153,36158,36163,36166,36177,36180,36182,36261,36263,36289,36296,36298,36300,36325,36328,36341,36346,36348,36427,36429,36455,36464,36469,36477,36483,36490,36493,36495,36574,36577,36634,36636,36673,36679,36684,36689,36692,36706,36708,36811,36813,36856,36865,36875,36880,36886,36893,36976,36978,37001,37004,37007,37009,37013,37017,37020,37083,37106,37109,37113,37119,37121,37188,37191,37268,37273,37279,37282,37285,37331,37333,37357,37362,37366,37371,37377,37440,37443,37445,37448,37473,37476,37611,37613,37714,37716,37721,37724,37730,37740,37748,37753,37759,37765,37767,37790],[10,36011,1386,36013,3855],{"id":36012},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36014,36015],{},"enumerate()",[20,36017,36018,36020],{},[15,36019,36015],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36022,36023],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[138,36025,36026,36029],{},[141,36027,36028],{},"the item itself",[141,36030,36031],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36033,36034,36035,36037],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36036,36015],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[33,36039,36],{"id":35},[38,36041,36043],{"className":40,"code":36042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36044,36045,36077,36081,36104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36046,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36048,13339],{"class":53},[47,36050,58],{"class":57},[47,36052,62],{"class":61},[47,36054,633],{"class":632},[47,36056,13356],{"class":636},[47,36058,633],{"class":632},[47,36060,69],{"class":61},[47,36062,644],{"class":632},[47,36064,17721],{"class":636},[47,36066,633],{"class":632},[47,36068,69],{"class":61},[47,36070,644],{"class":632},[47,36072,13373],{"class":636},[47,36074,633],{"class":632},[47,36076,80],{"class":61},[47,36078,36079],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36080,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36082,36083,36085,36088,36090,36093,36095,36098,36100,36102],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36084,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36086,36087],{"class":53}," index",[47,36089,69],{"class":61},[47,36091,36092],{"class":53}," color ",[47,36094,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36096,36097],{"class":102}," enumerate",[47,36099,106],{"class":61},[47,36101,17768],{"class":92},[47,36103,8606],{"class":61},[47,36105,36106,36108,36110,36113,36115,36118],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36107,8333],{"class":102},[47,36109,106],{"class":61},[47,36111,36112],{"class":92},"index",[47,36114,69],{"class":61},[47,36116,36117],{"class":92}," color",[47,36119,216],{"class":61},[20,36121,219],{},[38,36123,36125],{"className":40,"code":36124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36126,36127,36134,36141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36128,36129,36131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36130,2403],{"class":65},[47,36132,36133],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,36135,36136,36138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36137,232],{"class":65},[47,36139,36140],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,36142,36143,36145],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36144,2340],{"class":65},[47,36146,36147],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,36149,118,36150,36152],{},[15,36151,36015],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[33,36154,128,36156,131],{"id":36155},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36157,36015],{},[20,36159,36160,36162],{},[15,36161,36015],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36164,36165],{},"It is commonly used with:",[138,36167,36168,36170,36172,36174],{},[141,36169,5566],{},[141,36171,5569],{},[141,36173,5575],{},[141,36175,36176],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36178,36179],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36181,318],{},[38,36183,36185],{"className":40,"code":36184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36186,36187,36221,36225,36246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36188,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36190,5261],{"class":53},[47,36192,58],{"class":57},[47,36194,62],{"class":61},[47,36196,633],{"class":632},[47,36198,13143],{"class":636},[47,36200,633],{"class":632},[47,36202,69],{"class":61},[47,36204,644],{"class":632},[47,36206,36207],{"class":636},"Ben",[47,36209,633],{"class":632},[47,36211,69],{"class":61},[47,36213,644],{"class":632},[47,36215,36216],{"class":636},"Cara",[47,36218,633],{"class":632},[47,36220,80],{"class":61},[47,36222,36223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36224,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36226,36227,36229,36231,36233,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36228,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36230,36087],{"class":53},[47,36232,69],{"class":61},[47,36234,36235],{"class":53}," name ",[47,36237,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36239,36097],{"class":102},[47,36241,106],{"class":61},[47,36243,5304],{"class":92},[47,36245,8606],{"class":61},[47,36247,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36259],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36249,8333],{"class":102},[47,36251,106],{"class":61},[47,36253,36112],{"class":92},[47,36255,69],{"class":61},[47,36257,36258],{"class":92}," name",[47,36260,216],{"class":61},[20,36262,219],{},[38,36264,36266],{"className":40,"code":36265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36267,36268,36275,36282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36269,36270,36272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36271,2403],{"class":65},[47,36273,36274],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,36276,36277,36279],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36278,232],{"class":65},[47,36280,36281],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,36283,36284,36286],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36285,2340],{"class":65},[47,36287,36288],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,36290,36291,36292,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[252,36293,36295],{"href":36294},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[33,36297,259],{"id":258},[20,36299,2442],{},[38,36301,36303],{"className":40,"code":36302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36304,36305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36306,36307,36310,36312,36314,36316,36319,36321,36323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36308,36309],{"class":102},"enumerate",[47,36311,106],{"class":61},[47,36313,3992],{"class":92},[47,36315,69],{"class":61},[47,36317,36318],{"class":278}," start",[47,36320,58],{"class":57},[47,36322,2403],{"class":65},[47,36324,216],{"class":61},[20,36326,36327],{},"It has two parts:",[138,36329,36330,36335],{},[141,36331,36332,36334],{},[15,36333,3992],{},": the object you want to loop through",[141,36336,36337,36340],{},[15,36338,36339],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36342,36343,36344,89],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36345,2403],{},[20,36347,318],{},[38,36349,36351],{"className":40,"code":36350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36352,36353,36385,36389,36411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36354,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36356,1639],{"class":53},[47,36358,58],{"class":57},[47,36360,62],{"class":61},[47,36362,633],{"class":632},[47,36364,252],{"class":636},[47,36366,633],{"class":632},[47,36368,69],{"class":61},[47,36370,644],{"class":632},[47,36372,5026],{"class":636},[47,36374,633],{"class":632},[47,36376,69],{"class":61},[47,36378,644],{"class":632},[47,36380,10004],{"class":636},[47,36382,633],{"class":632},[47,36384,80],{"class":61},[47,36386,36387],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36388,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36390,36391,36393,36396,36398,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36392,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36394,36395],{"class":53}," i",[47,36397,69],{"class":61},[47,36399,36400],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36402,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36404,36097],{"class":102},[47,36406,106],{"class":61},[47,36408,1659],{"class":92},[47,36410,8606],{"class":61},[47,36412,36413,36415,36417,36420,36422,36425],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36414,8333],{"class":102},[47,36416,106],{"class":61},[47,36418,36419],{"class":92},"i",[47,36421,69],{"class":61},[47,36423,36424],{"class":92}," letter",[47,36426,216],{"class":61},[20,36428,219],{},[38,36430,36432],{"className":40,"code":36431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36433,36434,36441,36448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36435,36436,36438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36437,2403],{"class":65},[47,36439,36440],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36442,36443,36445],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36444,232],{"class":65},[47,36446,36447],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36449,36450,36452],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36451,2340],{"class":65},[47,36453,36454],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,36456,36457,36458,89],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[252,36459,1386,36461,3785],{"href":36460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36462,36463],{},"range()",[33,36465,128,36467,11970],{"id":36466},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36468,36015],{},[20,36470,36471,36473,36474,89],{},[15,36472,36015],{}," returns an ",[4015,36475,36476],{},"enumerate object",[20,36478,36479,36480,36482],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36481,6224],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[138,36484,36485],{},[141,36486,36487],{},[15,36488,36489],{},"(index, item)",[20,36491,36492],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36494,318],{},[38,36496,36498],{"className":40,"code":36497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36499,36500,36533,36537,36559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36501,36502,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36503,36504],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36506,58],{"class":57},[47,36508,62],{"class":61},[47,36510,633],{"class":632},[47,36512,647],{"class":636},[47,36514,633],{"class":632},[47,36516,69],{"class":61},[47,36518,644],{"class":632},[47,36520,637],{"class":636},[47,36522,633],{"class":632},[47,36524,69],{"class":61},[47,36526,644],{"class":632},[47,36528,33488],{"class":636},[47,36530,633],{"class":632},[47,36532,80],{"class":61},[47,36534,36535],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36536,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36538,36539,36541,36543,36545,36548,36550,36552,36554,36557],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36540,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36542,36087],{"class":53},[47,36544,69],{"class":61},[47,36546,36547],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36549,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36551,36097],{"class":102},[47,36553,106],{"class":61},[47,36555,36556],{"class":92},"fruits",[47,36558,8606],{"class":61},[47,36560,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36572],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36562,8333],{"class":102},[47,36564,106],{"class":61},[47,36566,36112],{"class":92},[47,36568,69],{"class":61},[47,36570,36571],{"class":92}," fruit",[47,36573,216],{"class":61},[20,36575,36576],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,36578,36580],{"className":40,"code":36579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36581,36582,36602,36606,36624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36583,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36585,54],{"class":53},[47,36587,58],{"class":57},[47,36589,62],{"class":61},[47,36591,437],{"class":65},[47,36593,69],{"class":61},[47,36595,8054],{"class":65},[47,36597,69],{"class":61},[47,36599,8059],{"class":65},[47,36601,80],{"class":61},[47,36603,36604],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36605,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36607,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36609,1442],{"class":53},[47,36611,58],{"class":57},[47,36613,1644],{"class":882},[47,36615,106],{"class":61},[47,36617,36309],{"class":102},[47,36619,106],{"class":61},[47,36621,86],{"class":92},[47,36623,1978],{"class":61},[47,36625,36626,36628,36630,36632],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36627,103],{"class":102},[47,36629,106],{"class":61},[47,36631,1466],{"class":92},[47,36633,216],{"class":61},[20,36635,219],{},[38,36637,36639],{"className":40,"code":36638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36640,36641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36642,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36644,22006],{"class":61},[47,36646,2403],{"class":65},[47,36648,69],{"class":61},[47,36650,503],{"class":65},[47,36652,9497],{"class":61},[47,36654,9500],{"class":61},[47,36656,232],{"class":65},[47,36658,69],{"class":61},[47,36660,8054],{"class":65},[47,36662,9497],{"class":61},[47,36664,9500],{"class":61},[47,36666,2340],{"class":65},[47,36668,69],{"class":61},[47,36670,8059],{"class":65},[47,36672,9513],{"class":61},[20,36674,36675,36676,36678],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36677,36015],{}," produces.",[33,36680,5227,36682],{"id":36681},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36683,36015],{},[20,36685,118,36686,36688],{},[15,36687,36015],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36690,36691],{},"Common cases:",[138,36693,36694,36697,36700,36703],{},[141,36695,36696],{},"printing numbered output",[141,36698,36699],{},"building menus",[141,36701,36702],{},"showing positions in a list",[141,36704,36705],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36707,318],{},[38,36709,36711],{"className":40,"code":36710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36712,36713,36748,36752,36782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36714,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36726,36728,36730,36732,36735,36737,36739,36741,36744,36746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36716,30163],{"class":53},[47,36718,58],{"class":57},[47,36720,62],{"class":61},[47,36722,633],{"class":632},[47,36724,36725],{"class":636},"Wash dishes",[47,36727,633],{"class":632},[47,36729,69],{"class":61},[47,36731,644],{"class":632},[47,36733,36734],{"class":636},"Study Python",[47,36736,633],{"class":632},[47,36738,69],{"class":61},[47,36740,644],{"class":632},[47,36742,36743],{"class":636},"Go for a walk",[47,36745,633],{"class":632},[47,36747,80],{"class":61},[47,36749,36750],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36751,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36753,36754,36756,36758,36760,36763,36765,36767,36769,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36755,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36757,2480],{"class":53},[47,36759,69],{"class":61},[47,36761,36762],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36764,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36766,36097],{"class":102},[47,36768,106],{"class":61},[47,36770,36771],{"class":92},"tasks",[47,36773,69],{"class":61},[47,36775,36318],{"class":278},[47,36777,58],{"class":57},[47,36779,232],{"class":65},[47,36781,8606],{"class":61},[47,36783,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36805,36807,36809],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36785,8333],{"class":102},[47,36787,106],{"class":61},[47,36789,22560],{"class":2348},[47,36791,633],{"class":636},[47,36793,9542],{"class":65},[47,36795,2522],{"class":92},[47,36797,22569],{"class":65},[47,36799,28578],{"class":636},[47,36801,9542],{"class":65},[47,36803,36804],{"class":92},"task",[47,36806,22569],{"class":65},[47,36808,633],{"class":636},[47,36810,216],{"class":61},[20,36812,219],{},[38,36814,36816],{"className":40,"code":36815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36817,36818,36830,36842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36819,36820,36822,36824,36827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36821,232],{"class":65},[47,36823,89],{"class":61},[47,36825,36826],{"class":888}," Wash",[47,36828,36829],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36831,36832,36834,36836,36839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36833,2340],{"class":65},[47,36835,89],{"class":61},[47,36837,36838],{"class":888}," Study",[47,36840,36841],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36843,36844,36846,36848,36851,36853],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36845,66],{"class":65},[47,36847,89],{"class":61},[47,36849,36850],{"class":888}," Go",[47,36852,2028],{"class":2027},[47,36854,36855],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,36857,36858,36859,36861,36862,89],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36860,36015],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36863,36864],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36866,36867,36868,89],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[252,36869,36871,36872,36874],{"href":36870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36873,36015],{}," in Python",[33,36876,950,36878,953],{"id":36877},"using-the-start-argument",[15,36879,36339],{},[20,36881,36882,36883,36885],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36884,36339],{}," argument.",[20,36887,36888,36889,11358,36891,136],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36890,232],{},[15,36892,2403],{},[38,36894,36896],{"className":40,"code":36895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36897,36898,36930,36934,36962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36899,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36901,13339],{"class":53},[47,36903,58],{"class":57},[47,36905,62],{"class":61},[47,36907,633],{"class":632},[47,36909,13356],{"class":636},[47,36911,633],{"class":632},[47,36913,69],{"class":61},[47,36915,644],{"class":632},[47,36917,17721],{"class":636},[47,36919,633],{"class":632},[47,36921,69],{"class":61},[47,36923,644],{"class":632},[47,36925,13373],{"class":636},[47,36927,633],{"class":632},[47,36929,80],{"class":61},[47,36931,36932],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36933,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,36935,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956,36958,36960],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36937,6224],{"class":2027},[47,36939,36087],{"class":53},[47,36941,69],{"class":61},[47,36943,36092],{"class":53},[47,36945,2034],{"class":2027},[47,36947,36097],{"class":102},[47,36949,106],{"class":61},[47,36951,17768],{"class":92},[47,36953,69],{"class":61},[47,36955,36318],{"class":278},[47,36957,58],{"class":57},[47,36959,232],{"class":65},[47,36961,8606],{"class":61},[47,36963,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,36965,8333],{"class":102},[47,36967,106],{"class":61},[47,36969,36112],{"class":92},[47,36971,69],{"class":61},[47,36973,36117],{"class":92},[47,36975,216],{"class":61},[20,36977,219],{},[38,36979,36981],{"className":40,"code":36980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36982,36983,36989,36995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36984,36985,36987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36986,232],{"class":65},[47,36988,36133],{"class":53},[47,36990,36991,36993],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,36992,2340],{"class":65},[47,36994,36140],{"class":53},[47,36996,36997,36999],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,36998,66],{"class":65},[47,37000,36147],{"class":53},[20,37002,37003],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37005,37006],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[33,37008,25622],{"id":25621},[20,37010,25625,37011,89],{},[15,37012,36015],{},[1404,37014,37016],{"id":37015},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37018,37019],{},"In this loop:",[38,37021,37023],{"className":40,"code":37022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37024,37025,37045,37049,37069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37026,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37028,54],{"class":53},[47,37030,58],{"class":57},[47,37032,62],{"class":61},[47,37034,437],{"class":65},[47,37036,69],{"class":61},[47,37038,8054],{"class":65},[47,37040,69],{"class":61},[47,37042,8059],{"class":65},[47,37044,80],{"class":61},[47,37046,37047],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37048,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,37050,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37052,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37054,36087],{"class":53},[47,37056,69],{"class":61},[47,37058,21850],{"class":53},[47,37060,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37062,36097],{"class":102},[47,37064,106],{"class":61},[47,37066,86],{"class":92},[47,37068,8606],{"class":61},[47,37070,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37072,8333],{"class":102},[47,37074,106],{"class":61},[47,37076,36112],{"class":92},[47,37078,69],{"class":61},[47,37080,8697],{"class":92},[47,37082,216],{"class":61},[138,37084,37085,37095],{},[141,37086,37087,5049,37089,2472,37091,2472,37093],{},[15,37088,36112],{},[15,37090,2403],{},[15,37092,232],{},[15,37094,2340],{},[141,37096,37097,5049,37099,2472,37101,2472,37103],{},[15,37098,2753],{},[15,37100,437],{},[15,37102,16019],{},[15,37104,37105],{},"30",[20,37107,37108],{},"These are different things.",[1404,37110,37112],{"id":37111},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37114,37115,37116,37118],{},"Each item from ",[15,37117,36015],{}," is a pair.",[20,37120,6952],{},[38,37122,37124],{"className":40,"code":37123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37125,37126,37150,37154,37174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37127,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146,37148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37129,1536],{"class":53},[47,37131,58],{"class":57},[47,37133,62],{"class":61},[47,37135,633],{"class":632},[47,37137,2456],{"class":636},[47,37139,633],{"class":632},[47,37141,69],{"class":61},[47,37143,644],{"class":632},[47,37145,1739],{"class":636},[47,37147,633],{"class":632},[47,37149,80],{"class":61},[47,37151,37152],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37153,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37157,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37159,36395],{"class":53},[47,37161,69],{"class":61},[47,37163,2031],{"class":53},[47,37165,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37167,36097],{"class":102},[47,37169,106],{"class":61},[47,37171,1562],{"class":92},[47,37173,8606],{"class":61},[47,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37177,8333],{"class":102},[47,37179,106],{"class":61},[47,37181,36419],{"class":92},[47,37183,69],{"class":61},[47,37185,29772],{"class":92},[47,37187,216],{"class":61},[20,37189,37190],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,37192,37194],{"className":40,"code":37193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37195,37196,37220,37224,37249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37197,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37199,1536],{"class":53},[47,37201,58],{"class":57},[47,37203,62],{"class":61},[47,37205,633],{"class":632},[47,37207,2456],{"class":636},[47,37209,633],{"class":632},[47,37211,69],{"class":61},[47,37213,644],{"class":632},[47,37215,1739],{"class":636},[47,37217,633],{"class":632},[47,37219,80],{"class":61},[47,37221,37222],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37223,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,37225,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37227,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37229,36395],{"class":53},[47,37231,69],{"class":61},[47,37233,29772],{"class":53},[47,37235,69],{"class":61},[47,37237,37238],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,37240,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37242,36097],{"class":102},[47,37244,106],{"class":61},[47,37246,1562],{"class":92},[47,37248,8606],{"class":61},[47,37250,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37266],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37252,8333],{"class":102},[47,37254,106],{"class":61},[47,37256,36419],{"class":92},[47,37258,69],{"class":61},[47,37260,29772],{"class":92},[47,37262,69],{"class":61},[47,37264,37265],{"class":92}," extra",[47,37267,216],{"class":61},[20,37269,29326,37270,37272],{},[15,37271,36015],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1404,37274,37276,37278],{"id":37275},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37277,36015],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37280,37281],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37283,37284],{},"Example with a string:",[38,37286,37288],{"className":40,"code":37287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37289,37290,37316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37291,37292,37294,37296,37298,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37312,37314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37293,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37295,36087],{"class":53},[47,37297,69],{"class":61},[47,37299,37300],{"class":53}," char ",[47,37302,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37304,36097],{"class":102},[47,37306,106],{"class":61},[47,37308,633],{"class":632},[47,37310,37311],{"class":636},"cat",[47,37313,633],{"class":632},[47,37315,8606],{"class":61},[47,37317,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37329],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37319,8333],{"class":102},[47,37321,106],{"class":61},[47,37323,36112],{"class":92},[47,37325,69],{"class":61},[47,37327,37328],{"class":92}," char",[47,37330,216],{"class":61},[20,37332,219],{},[38,37334,37336],{"className":40,"code":37335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37337,37338,37344,37350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37339,37340,37342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37341,2403],{"class":65},[47,37343,36454],{"class":53},[47,37345,37346,37348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37347,232],{"class":65},[47,37349,36440],{"class":53},[47,37351,37352,37354],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37353,2340],{"class":65},[47,37355,37356],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,37358,37359,37360,89],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[252,37361,5402],{"href":5853},[1404,37363,37365],{"id":37364},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37367,37368,37369,89],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37370,36015],{},[20,37372,37373,37374,37376],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37375,6224],{}," loop:",[38,37378,37380],{"className":40,"code":37379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37381,37382,37414,37418,37430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37383,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37385,13339],{"class":53},[47,37387,58],{"class":57},[47,37389,62],{"class":61},[47,37391,633],{"class":632},[47,37393,13356],{"class":636},[47,37395,633],{"class":632},[47,37397,69],{"class":61},[47,37399,644],{"class":632},[47,37401,17721],{"class":636},[47,37403,633],{"class":632},[47,37405,69],{"class":61},[47,37407,644],{"class":632},[47,37409,13373],{"class":636},[47,37411,633],{"class":632},[47,37413,80],{"class":61},[47,37415,37416],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37417,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,37419,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37421,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37423,36092],{"class":53},[47,37425,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37427,13387],{"class":53},[47,37429,6657],{"class":61},[47,37431,37432,37434,37436,37438],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37433,8333],{"class":102},[47,37435,106],{"class":61},[47,37437,33158],{"class":92},[47,37439,216],{"class":61},[20,37441,37442],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[33,37444,1397],{"id":1396},[20,37446,37447],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[138,37449,37450,37455,37461,37466],{},[141,37451,23366,37452,37454],{},[15,37453,36015],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[141,37456,37457,37458,37460],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37459,2403],{}," by default",[141,37462,8681,37463,37465],{},[15,37464,36015],{}," when only values are needed",[141,37467,37468,37469,8968,37471],{},"Confusing ",[15,37470,36015],{},[15,37472,36463],{},[20,37474,37475],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,37477,37479],{"className":40,"code":37478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37480,37481,37503,37530,37564,37597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37482,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37484,103],{"class":102},[47,37486,106],{"class":61},[47,37488,36309],{"class":102},[47,37490,2015],{"class":61},[47,37492,437],{"class":65},[47,37494,69],{"class":61},[47,37496,8054],{"class":65},[47,37498,69],{"class":61},[47,37500,8059],{"class":65},[47,37502,3278],{"class":61},[47,37504,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37506,103],{"class":102},[47,37508,106],{"class":61},[47,37510,8358],{"class":882},[47,37512,106],{"class":61},[47,37514,36309],{"class":102},[47,37516,2015],{"class":61},[47,37518,437],{"class":65},[47,37520,69],{"class":61},[47,37522,8054],{"class":65},[47,37524,69],{"class":61},[47,37526,8059],{"class":65},[47,37528,37529],{"class":61},"])))\n",[47,37531,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37533,103],{"class":102},[47,37535,106],{"class":61},[47,37537,8358],{"class":882},[47,37539,106],{"class":61},[47,37541,36309],{"class":102},[47,37543,2015],{"class":61},[47,37545,437],{"class":65},[47,37547,69],{"class":61},[47,37549,8054],{"class":65},[47,37551,69],{"class":61},[47,37553,8059],{"class":65},[47,37555,18327],{"class":61},[47,37557,36318],{"class":278},[47,37559,58],{"class":57},[47,37561,232],{"class":65},[47,37563,3192],{"class":61},[47,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37567,6224],{"class":2027},[47,37569,36395],{"class":53},[47,37571,69],{"class":61},[47,37573,21850],{"class":53},[47,37575,2034],{"class":2027},[47,37577,36097],{"class":102},[47,37579,2015],{"class":61},[47,37581,699],{"class":632},[47,37583,252],{"class":636},[47,37585,699],{"class":632},[47,37587,69],{"class":61},[47,37589,708],{"class":632},[47,37591,5026],{"class":636},[47,37593,699],{"class":632},[47,37595,37596],{"class":61},"]):\n",[47,37598,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,37600,8333],{"class":102},[47,37602,106],{"class":61},[47,37604,36419],{"class":92},[47,37606,69],{"class":61},[47,37608,8697],{"class":92},[47,37610,216],{"class":61},[20,37612,17223],{},[38,37614,37616],{"className":40,"code":37615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37617,37618,37638,37670,37702,37708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37619,37620,37622,37624,37626,37629,37633,37636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37621,3568],{"class":57},[47,37623,36309],{"class":102},[47,37625,24882],{"class":882},[47,37627,37628],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37630,37632],{"class":37631},"srjyR","0x",[47,37634,37635],{"class":34720},"...",[47,37637,3580],{"class":57},[47,37639,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37641,22006],{"class":61},[47,37643,2403],{"class":65},[47,37645,69],{"class":61},[47,37647,503],{"class":65},[47,37649,9497],{"class":61},[47,37651,9500],{"class":61},[47,37653,232],{"class":65},[47,37655,69],{"class":61},[47,37657,8054],{"class":65},[47,37659,9497],{"class":61},[47,37661,9500],{"class":61},[47,37663,2340],{"class":65},[47,37665,69],{"class":61},[47,37667,8059],{"class":65},[47,37669,9513],{"class":61},[47,37671,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37673,22006],{"class":61},[47,37675,232],{"class":65},[47,37677,69],{"class":61},[47,37679,503],{"class":65},[47,37681,9497],{"class":61},[47,37683,9500],{"class":61},[47,37685,2340],{"class":65},[47,37687,69],{"class":61},[47,37689,8054],{"class":65},[47,37691,9497],{"class":61},[47,37693,9500],{"class":61},[47,37695,66],{"class":65},[47,37697,69],{"class":61},[47,37699,8059],{"class":65},[47,37701,9513],{"class":61},[47,37703,37704,37706],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,37705,2403],{"class":65},[47,37707,36440],{"class":53},[47,37709,37710,37712],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,37711,232],{"class":65},[47,37713,36447],{"class":53},[33,37715,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,37717,5408,37719,5411],{"id":37718},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37720,36015],{},[20,37722,37723],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1404,37725,2082,37727,37729],{"id":37726},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37728,36015],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37731,37732,37733,37735,37736,37739],{},"It starts at ",[15,37734,2403],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37737,37738],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1404,37741,21686,37743,11358,37745,2099],{"id":37742},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37744,36015],{},[15,37746,37747],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37749,36858,37750,37752],{},[15,37751,36015],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1404,37754,5436,37756,37758],{"id":37755},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37757,36015],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37760,37761,37762,37764],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37763,36015],{}," can return each character with its index.",[33,37766,2187],{"id":2186},[138,37768,37769,37773,37779,37786],{},[141,37770,37771],{},[252,37772,36295],{"href":36294},[141,37774,37775],{},[252,37776,1386,37777,3785],{"href":36460},[15,37778,36463],{},[141,37780,37781],{},[252,37782,37783,37784,36874],{"href":36870},"How to use ",[15,37785,36015],{},[141,37787,37788],{},[252,37789,5482],{"href":5853},[2210,37791,37792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":37794},[37795,37796,37798,37799,37801,37803,37805,37812,37813,37823],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":36155,"depth":83,"text":37797},"What enumerate() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":36466,"depth":83,"text":37800},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36681,"depth":83,"text":37802},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36877,"depth":83,"text":37804},"Using the start argument",{"id":25621,"depth":83,"text":25622,"children":37806},[37807,37808,37809,37811],{"id":37015,"depth":99,"text":37016},{"id":37111,"depth":99,"text":37112},{"id":37275,"depth":99,"text":37810},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37364,"depth":99,"text":37365},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":37814},[37815,37817,37819,37821],{"id":37718,"depth":99,"text":37816},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37726,"depth":99,"text":37818},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37742,"depth":99,"text":37820},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37755,"depth":99,"text":37822},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36007,"description":37824},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37831,"title":37832,"body":37833,"description":40348,"extension":2248,"meta":40349,"navigation":203,"path":40350,"seo":40351,"stem":40352,"__hash__":40353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37834,"toc":40305},[37835,37841,37846,37849,37857,37871,37873,37964,37972,37977,37982,37984,38000,38002,38081,38083,38100,38106,38110,38112,38133,38137,38140,38152,38156,38159,38162,38179,38182,38258,38260,38277,38282,38286,38294,38297,38312,38314,38403,38405,38450,38453,38457,38460,38539,38541,38563,38566,38573,38578,38581,38683,38685,38710,38713,38720,38726,38731,38734,38745,38851,38853,38874,38882,38889,38895,38914,38919,38922,38941,38943,39028,39030,39059,39062,39067,39072,39075,39086,39088,39177,39179,39199,39205,39311,39313,39333,39336,39420,39422,39442,39449,39451,39455,39461,39464,39521,39524,39527,39588,39597,39600,39603,39631,39634,39694,39696,39713,39717,39720,39798,39800,39820,39823,39898,39902,39905,39907,39916,39921,39923,39974,39982,39994,39999,40060,40062,40079,40083,40146,40148,40173,40181,40183,40189,40195,40202,40210,40216,40219,40226,40236,40242,40248,40251,40268,40274,40276,40302],[10,37836,1386,37838,3855],{"id":37837},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37839,37840],{},"filter()",[20,37842,37843,37845],{},[15,37844,37840],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37847,37848],{},"It takes:",[138,37850,37851,37854],{},[141,37852,37853],{},"a function that checks each item",[141,37855,37856],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37858,37859,37860,37863,37864,37867,37868,37870],{},"The result is ",[4015,37861,37862],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37865,37866],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37869,25045],{}," to see the values.",[33,37872,36],{"id":35},[38,37874,37876],{"className":40,"code":37875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37877,37878,37911,37947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37879,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37881,54],{"class":53},[47,37883,58],{"class":57},[47,37885,62],{"class":61},[47,37887,232],{"class":65},[47,37889,69],{"class":61},[47,37891,77],{"class":65},[47,37893,69],{"class":61},[47,37895,442],{"class":65},[47,37897,69],{"class":61},[47,37899,402],{"class":65},[47,37901,69],{"class":61},[47,37903,241],{"class":65},[47,37905,69],{"class":61},[47,37907,37908],{"class":65}," 6",[47,37910,80],{"class":61},[47,37912,37913,37915,37917,37920,37922,37925,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,37914,1442],{"class":53},[47,37916,58],{"class":57},[47,37918,37919],{"class":102}," filter",[47,37921,106],{"class":61},[47,37923,37924],{"class":2348},"lambda",[47,37926,37928],{"class":37927},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37930,136],{"class":61},[47,37932,4151],{"class":92},[47,37934,6667],{"class":57},[47,37936,77],{"class":65},[47,37938,6672],{"class":57},[47,37940,4106],{"class":65},[47,37942,69],{"class":61},[47,37944,1447],{"class":92},[47,37946,216],{"class":61},[47,37948,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,37950,103],{"class":102},[47,37952,106],{"class":61},[47,37954,8358],{"class":882},[47,37956,106],{"class":61},[47,37958,1466],{"class":92},[47,37960,5628],{"class":61},[47,37962,37963],{"class":114},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37965,37966,37968,37969,37971],{},[15,37967,37840],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37970,25045],{}," to see the results.",[33,37973,128,37975,131],{"id":37974},"what-filter-does",[15,37976,37840],{},[20,37978,37979,37981],{},[15,37980,37840],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37983,2390],{},[138,37985,37986,37989,37995],{},[141,37987,37988],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[141,37990,37991,37992,37994],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37993,367],{},", the item is kept",[141,37996,37991,37997,37999],{},[15,37998,294],{},", the item is removed",[20,38001,318],{},[38,38003,38005],{"className":40,"code":38004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38006,38007,38035,38039,38067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38008,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38010,54],{"class":53},[47,38012,58],{"class":57},[47,38014,62],{"class":61},[47,38016,232],{"class":65},[47,38018,69],{"class":61},[47,38020,77],{"class":65},[47,38022,69],{"class":61},[47,38024,442],{"class":65},[47,38026,69],{"class":61},[47,38028,402],{"class":65},[47,38030,69],{"class":61},[47,38032,241],{"class":65},[47,38034,80],{"class":61},[47,38036,38037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38038,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38040,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38042,1442],{"class":53},[47,38044,58],{"class":57},[47,38046,37919],{"class":102},[47,38048,106],{"class":61},[47,38050,37924],{"class":2348},[47,38052,37928],{"class":37927},[47,38054,136],{"class":61},[47,38056,4151],{"class":92},[47,38058,4518],{"class":57},[47,38060,442],{"class":65},[47,38062,69],{"class":61},[47,38064,1447],{"class":92},[47,38066,216],{"class":61},[47,38068,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38070,103],{"class":102},[47,38072,106],{"class":61},[47,38074,8358],{"class":882},[47,38076,106],{"class":61},[47,38078,1466],{"class":92},[47,38080,1978],{"class":61},[20,38082,219],{},[38,38084,38086],{"className":40,"code":38085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38087,38088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38089,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38091,229],{"class":61},[47,38093,334],{"class":65},[47,38095,69],{"class":61},[47,38097,241],{"class":65},[47,38099,80],{"class":61},[20,38101,38102,38103,38105],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38104,66],{}," are kept.",[33,38107,38109],{"id":38108},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38111,2442],{},[38,38113,38115],{"className":40,"code":38114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38116,38117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38118,38119,38121,38123,38126,38128,38131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38120,37866],{"class":102},[47,38122,106],{"class":61},[47,38124,38125],{"class":92},"function",[47,38127,69],{"class":61},[47,38129,38130],{"class":92}," iterable",[47,38132,216],{"class":61},[1404,38134,38135],{"id":38125},[15,38136,38125],{},[20,38138,38139],{},"This is the test function.",[138,38141,38142,38145],{},[141,38143,38144],{},"It receives one item at a time",[141,38146,38147,38148,3158,38150],{},"It should return ",[15,38149,367],{},[15,38151,294],{},[1404,38153,38154],{"id":3992},[15,38155,3992],{},[20,38157,38158],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38160,38161],{},"It can be:",[138,38163,38164,38167,38170,38173,38176],{},[141,38165,38166],{},"a list",[141,38168,38169],{},"a tuple",[141,38171,38172],{},"a string",[141,38174,38175],{},"a set",[141,38177,38178],{},"another iterable object",[20,38180,38181],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,38183,38185],{"className":40,"code":38184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38186,38187,38212,38216,38244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38188,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38190,54],{"class":53},[47,38192,58],{"class":57},[47,38194,9500],{"class":61},[47,38196,437],{"class":65},[47,38198,69],{"class":61},[47,38200,38201],{"class":65}," 15",[47,38203,69],{"class":61},[47,38205,8054],{"class":65},[47,38207,69],{"class":61},[47,38209,9570],{"class":65},[47,38211,216],{"class":61},[47,38213,38214],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38215,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38217,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38219,1442],{"class":53},[47,38221,58],{"class":57},[47,38223,37919],{"class":102},[47,38225,106],{"class":61},[47,38227,37924],{"class":2348},[47,38229,37928],{"class":37927},[47,38231,136],{"class":61},[47,38233,4151],{"class":92},[47,38235,5364],{"class":57},[47,38237,8054],{"class":65},[47,38239,69],{"class":61},[47,38241,1447],{"class":92},[47,38243,216],{"class":61},[47,38245,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38247,103],{"class":102},[47,38249,106],{"class":61},[47,38251,8358],{"class":882},[47,38253,106],{"class":61},[47,38255,1466],{"class":92},[47,38257,1978],{"class":61},[20,38259,219],{},[38,38261,38263],{"className":40,"code":38262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38264,38265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38266,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38268,229],{"class":61},[47,38270,16019],{"class":65},[47,38272,69],{"class":61},[47,38274,9570],{"class":65},[47,38276,80],{"class":61},[20,38278,38279,38280,89],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[252,38281,5402],{"href":5853},[33,38283,38285],{"id":38284},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38287,38288,38289,22241,38291,89],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38290,37840],{},[4015,38292,38293],{},"filter object",[20,38295,38296],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[138,38298,38299,38302,38307],{},[141,38300,38301],{},"loop through it",[141,38303,38304,38305],{},"convert it with ",[15,38306,25045],{},[141,38308,38304,38309],{},[15,38310,38311],{},"tuple()",[20,38313,318],{},[38,38315,38317],{"className":40,"code":38316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38318,38319,38361,38365,38375,38389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38320,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38322,1442],{"class":53},[47,38324,58],{"class":57},[47,38326,37919],{"class":102},[47,38328,106],{"class":61},[47,38330,37924],{"class":2348},[47,38332,37928],{"class":37927},[47,38334,136],{"class":61},[47,38336,4151],{"class":92},[47,38338,4518],{"class":57},[47,38340,77],{"class":65},[47,38342,69],{"class":61},[47,38344,62],{"class":61},[47,38346,232],{"class":65},[47,38348,69],{"class":61},[47,38350,77],{"class":65},[47,38352,69],{"class":61},[47,38354,442],{"class":65},[47,38356,69],{"class":61},[47,38358,402],{"class":65},[47,38360,2040],{"class":61},[47,38362,38363],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38364,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38366,38367,38369,38371,38373],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38368,103],{"class":102},[47,38370,106],{"class":61},[47,38372,1466],{"class":92},[47,38374,216],{"class":61},[47,38376,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38378,103],{"class":102},[47,38380,106],{"class":61},[47,38382,1971],{"class":882},[47,38384,106],{"class":61},[47,38386,1466],{"class":92},[47,38388,1978],{"class":61},[47,38390,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,38392,103],{"class":102},[47,38394,106],{"class":61},[47,38396,8358],{"class":882},[47,38398,106],{"class":61},[47,38400,1466],{"class":92},[47,38402,1978],{"class":61},[20,38404,219],{},[38,38406,38408],{"className":40,"code":38407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38409,38410,38424,38438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38411,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38413,3568],{"class":57},[47,38415,37866],{"class":102},[47,38417,24882],{"class":882},[47,38419,37628],{"class":53},[47,38421,37635],{"class":34720},[47,38423,3580],{"class":57},[47,38425,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38427,3568],{"class":57},[47,38429,3571],{"class":2348},[47,38431,708],{"class":632},[47,38433,37866],{"class":636},[47,38435,699],{"class":632},[47,38437,3580],{"class":57},[47,38439,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38441,229],{"class":61},[47,38443,66],{"class":65},[47,38445,69],{"class":61},[47,38447,402],{"class":65},[47,38449,80],{"class":61},[20,38451,38452],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1404,38454,38456],{"id":38455},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38458,38459],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,38461,38463],{"className":40,"code":38462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38464,38465,38507,38511,38525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38466,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38468,1442],{"class":53},[47,38470,58],{"class":57},[47,38472,37919],{"class":102},[47,38474,106],{"class":61},[47,38476,37924],{"class":2348},[47,38478,37928],{"class":37927},[47,38480,136],{"class":61},[47,38482,4151],{"class":92},[47,38484,4518],{"class":57},[47,38486,77],{"class":65},[47,38488,69],{"class":61},[47,38490,62],{"class":61},[47,38492,232],{"class":65},[47,38494,69],{"class":61},[47,38496,77],{"class":65},[47,38498,69],{"class":61},[47,38500,442],{"class":65},[47,38502,69],{"class":61},[47,38504,402],{"class":65},[47,38506,2040],{"class":61},[47,38508,38509],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38510,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38512,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38514,103],{"class":102},[47,38516,106],{"class":61},[47,38518,8358],{"class":882},[47,38520,106],{"class":61},[47,38522,1466],{"class":92},[47,38524,1978],{"class":61},[47,38526,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38528,103],{"class":102},[47,38530,106],{"class":61},[47,38532,8358],{"class":882},[47,38534,106],{"class":61},[47,38536,1466],{"class":92},[47,38538,1978],{"class":61},[20,38540,219],{},[38,38542,38544],{"className":40,"code":38543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38545,38546,38558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38547,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38549,229],{"class":61},[47,38551,66],{"class":65},[47,38553,69],{"class":61},[47,38555,402],{"class":65},[47,38557,80],{"class":61},[47,38559,38560],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38561,38562],{"class":61},"[]\n",[20,38564,38565],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[33,38567,8681,38569,8968,38571],{"id":38568},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38570,37840],{},[15,38572,37924],{},[20,38574,15453,38575,38577],{},[15,38576,37924],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38579,38580],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,38582,38584],{"className":40,"code":38583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38585,38586,38627,38631,38669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38589,625],{"class":53},[47,38591,58],{"class":57},[47,38593,62],{"class":61},[47,38595,633],{"class":632},[47,38597,647],{"class":636},[47,38599,633],{"class":632},[47,38601,69],{"class":61},[47,38603,644],{"class":632},[47,38605,38606],{"class":636},"kiwi",[47,38608,633],{"class":632},[47,38610,69],{"class":61},[47,38612,644],{"class":632},[47,38614,637],{"class":636},[47,38616,633],{"class":632},[47,38618,69],{"class":61},[47,38620,644],{"class":632},[47,38622,1013],{"class":636},[47,38624,633],{"class":632},[47,38626,80],{"class":61},[47,38628,38629],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38630,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38632,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38646,38648,38651,38653,38656,38658,38661,38663,38665,38667],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38634,1442],{"class":53},[47,38636,58],{"class":57},[47,38638,37919],{"class":102},[47,38640,106],{"class":61},[47,38642,37924],{"class":2348},[47,38644,38645],{"class":37927}," word",[47,38647,136],{"class":61},[47,38649,38650],{"class":102}," len",[47,38652,106],{"class":61},[47,38654,38655],{"class":92},"word",[47,38657,111],{"class":61},[47,38659,38660],{"class":57}," >",[47,38662,402],{"class":65},[47,38664,69],{"class":61},[47,38666,6432],{"class":92},[47,38668,216],{"class":61},[47,38670,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38672,103],{"class":102},[47,38674,106],{"class":61},[47,38676,8358],{"class":882},[47,38678,106],{"class":61},[47,38680,1466],{"class":92},[47,38682,1978],{"class":61},[20,38684,219],{},[38,38686,38688],{"className":40,"code":38687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38689,38690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38691,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38693,229],{"class":61},[47,38695,699],{"class":632},[47,38697,647],{"class":636},[47,38699,699],{"class":632},[47,38701,69],{"class":61},[47,38703,708],{"class":632},[47,38705,637],{"class":636},[47,38707,699],{"class":632},[47,38709,80],{"class":61},[20,38711,38712],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38714,38715,38716,89],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[252,38717,38719],{"href":38718},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[33,38721,8681,38723,38725],{"id":38722},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38724,37840],{}," with a named function",[20,38727,38728,38729,89],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38730,37924],{},[20,38732,38733],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[138,38735,38736,38739,38742],{},[141,38737,38738],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[141,38740,38741],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[141,38743,38744],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,38746,38748],{"className":40,"code":38747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38749,38750,38763,38778,38782,38814,38833,38837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38751,38752,38754,38757,38759,38761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38753,35116],{"class":2348},[47,38755,38756],{"class":35119}," is_even",[47,38758,106],{"class":61},[47,38760,2522],{"class":37927},[47,38762,8606],{"class":61},[47,38764,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38766,35127],{"class":2027},[47,38768,6650],{"class":53},[47,38770,6667],{"class":57},[47,38772,77],{"class":65},[47,38774,6672],{"class":57},[47,38776,38777],{"class":65}," 0\n",[47,38779,38780],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38781,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,38785,54],{"class":53},[47,38787,58],{"class":57},[47,38789,62],{"class":61},[47,38791,232],{"class":65},[47,38793,69],{"class":61},[47,38795,77],{"class":65},[47,38797,69],{"class":61},[47,38799,442],{"class":65},[47,38801,69],{"class":61},[47,38803,402],{"class":65},[47,38805,69],{"class":61},[47,38807,241],{"class":65},[47,38809,69],{"class":61},[47,38811,37908],{"class":65},[47,38813,80],{"class":61},[47,38815,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38827,38829,38831],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,38817,1442],{"class":53},[47,38819,58],{"class":57},[47,38821,37919],{"class":102},[47,38823,106],{"class":61},[47,38825,38826],{"class":92},"is_even",[47,38828,69],{"class":61},[47,38830,1447],{"class":92},[47,38832,216],{"class":61},[47,38834,38835],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,38836,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38838,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,38840,103],{"class":102},[47,38842,106],{"class":61},[47,38844,8358],{"class":882},[47,38846,106],{"class":61},[47,38848,1466],{"class":92},[47,38850,1978],{"class":61},[20,38852,219],{},[38,38854,38856],{"className":40,"code":38855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38857,38858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38859,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38861,229],{"class":61},[47,38863,2340],{"class":65},[47,38865,69],{"class":61},[47,38867,402],{"class":65},[47,38869,69],{"class":61},[47,38871,37908],{"class":65},[47,38873,80],{"class":61},[20,38875,21036,38876,2057,38879,38881],{},[15,38877,38878],{},"is_even()",[15,38880,367],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[33,38883,8681,38885,8968,38887],{"id":38884},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38886,124],{},[15,38888,37840],{},[20,38890,38891,38892,38894],{},"You can pass ",[15,38893,124],{}," as the first argument:",[38,38896,38898],{"className":40,"code":38897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38899,38900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38901,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38903,37866],{"class":102},[47,38905,106],{"class":61},[47,38907,124],{"class":284},[47,38909,69],{"class":61},[47,38911,38130],{"class":92},[47,38913,216],{"class":61},[20,38915,38916,38917,7604],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[4015,38918,5863],{},[20,38920,38921],{},"Falsy values include:",[138,38923,38924,38928,38933,38937],{},[141,38925,38926],{},[15,38927,2403],{},[141,38929,38930,38932],{},[15,38931,4046],{}," (empty string)",[141,38934,38935],{},[15,38936,124],{},[141,38938,38939],{},[15,38940,294],{},[20,38942,318],{},[38,38944,38946],{"className":40,"code":38945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38947,38948,38992,38996,39014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38949,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38951,1536],{"class":53},[47,38953,58],{"class":57},[47,38955,62],{"class":61},[47,38957,2403],{"class":65},[47,38959,69],{"class":61},[47,38961,72],{"class":65},[47,38963,69],{"class":61},[47,38965,6390],{"class":632},[47,38967,69],{"class":61},[47,38969,644],{"class":632},[47,38971,4118],{"class":636},[47,38973,633],{"class":632},[47,38975,69],{"class":61},[47,38977,4125],{"class":284},[47,38979,69],{"class":61},[47,38981,4185],{"class":284},[47,38983,69],{"class":61},[47,38985,4176],{"class":284},[47,38987,69],{"class":61},[47,38989,241],{"class":65},[47,38991,80],{"class":61},[47,38993,38994],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,38995,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,38997,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,38999,1442],{"class":53},[47,39001,58],{"class":57},[47,39003,37919],{"class":102},[47,39005,106],{"class":61},[47,39007,124],{"class":284},[47,39009,69],{"class":61},[47,39011,6231],{"class":92},[47,39013,216],{"class":61},[47,39015,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39017,103],{"class":102},[47,39019,106],{"class":61},[47,39021,8358],{"class":882},[47,39023,106],{"class":61},[47,39025,1466],{"class":92},[47,39027,1978],{"class":61},[20,39029,219],{},[38,39031,39033],{"className":40,"code":39032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39034,39035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39036,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39038,229],{"class":61},[47,39040,232],{"class":65},[47,39042,69],{"class":61},[47,39044,708],{"class":632},[47,39046,4118],{"class":636},[47,39048,699],{"class":632},[47,39050,69],{"class":61},[47,39052,4185],{"class":284},[47,39054,69],{"class":61},[47,39056,241],{"class":65},[47,39058,80],{"class":61},[20,39060,39061],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[33,39063,5227,39065],{"id":39064},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39066,37840],{},[20,39068,118,39069,39071],{},[15,39070,37840],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39073,39074],{},"It works well for:",[138,39076,39077,39080,39083],{},[141,39078,39079],{},"simple filtering rules",[141,39081,39082],{},"quick data cleaning",[141,39084,39085],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39087,318],{},[38,39089,39091],{"className":40,"code":39090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39092,39093,39125,39158,39162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39094,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39096,54],{"class":53},[47,39098,58],{"class":57},[47,39100,62],{"class":61},[47,39102,232],{"class":65},[47,39104,69],{"class":61},[47,39106,77],{"class":65},[47,39108,69],{"class":61},[47,39110,442],{"class":65},[47,39112,69],{"class":61},[47,39114,402],{"class":65},[47,39116,69],{"class":61},[47,39118,241],{"class":65},[47,39120,69],{"class":61},[47,39122,37908],{"class":65},[47,39124,80],{"class":61},[47,39126,39127,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39128,39129],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,39131,58],{"class":57},[47,39133,37919],{"class":102},[47,39135,106],{"class":61},[47,39137,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39139,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39141,136],{"class":61},[47,39143,4151],{"class":92},[47,39145,6667],{"class":57},[47,39147,77],{"class":65},[47,39149,6672],{"class":57},[47,39151,4106],{"class":65},[47,39153,69],{"class":61},[47,39155,1447],{"class":92},[47,39157,216],{"class":61},[47,39159,39160],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,39161,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39163,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39175],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39165,103],{"class":102},[47,39167,106],{"class":61},[47,39169,8358],{"class":882},[47,39171,106],{"class":61},[47,39173,39174],{"class":92},"evens",[47,39176,1978],{"class":61},[20,39178,219],{},[38,39180,39181],{"className":40,"code":38855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39182,39183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39184,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39186,229],{"class":61},[47,39188,2340],{"class":65},[47,39190,69],{"class":61},[47,39192,402],{"class":65},[47,39194,69],{"class":61},[47,39196,37908],{"class":65},[47,39198,80],{"class":61},[20,39200,39201,39202,39204],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39203,6224],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,39206,39208],{"className":40,"code":39207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39209,39210,39242,39250,39254,39266,39282,39297,39301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39211,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39213,54],{"class":53},[47,39215,58],{"class":57},[47,39217,62],{"class":61},[47,39219,232],{"class":65},[47,39221,69],{"class":61},[47,39223,77],{"class":65},[47,39225,69],{"class":61},[47,39227,442],{"class":65},[47,39229,69],{"class":61},[47,39231,402],{"class":65},[47,39233,69],{"class":61},[47,39235,241],{"class":65},[47,39237,69],{"class":61},[47,39239,37908],{"class":65},[47,39241,80],{"class":61},[47,39243,39244,39246,39248],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39245,39129],{"class":53},[47,39247,58],{"class":57},[47,39249,8102],{"class":61},[47,39251,39252],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,39253,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39255,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39257,6224],{"class":2027},[47,39259,6650],{"class":53},[47,39261,2034],{"class":2027},[47,39263,1447],{"class":53},[47,39265,6657],{"class":61},[47,39267,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,39269,6662],{"class":2027},[47,39271,6650],{"class":53},[47,39273,6667],{"class":57},[47,39275,77],{"class":65},[47,39277,6672],{"class":57},[47,39279,4106],{"class":65},[47,39281,6657],{"class":61},[47,39283,39284,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,39285,39286],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,39288,89],{"class":61},[47,39290,13817],{"class":92},[47,39292,106],{"class":61},[47,39294,2522],{"class":92},[47,39296,216],{"class":61},[47,39298,39299],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,39300,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39302,39303,39305,39307,39309],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,39304,103],{"class":102},[47,39306,106],{"class":61},[47,39308,39174],{"class":92},[47,39310,216],{"class":61},[20,39312,219],{},[38,39314,39315],{"className":40,"code":38855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39316,39317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39318,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39320,229],{"class":61},[47,39322,2340],{"class":65},[47,39324,69],{"class":61},[47,39326,402],{"class":65},[47,39328,69],{"class":61},[47,39330,37908],{"class":65},[47,39332,80],{"class":61},[20,39334,39335],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,39337,39339],{"className":40,"code":39338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39340,39341,39373,39406,39410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39342,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39344,54],{"class":53},[47,39346,58],{"class":57},[47,39348,62],{"class":61},[47,39350,232],{"class":65},[47,39352,69],{"class":61},[47,39354,77],{"class":65},[47,39356,69],{"class":61},[47,39358,442],{"class":65},[47,39360,69],{"class":61},[47,39362,402],{"class":65},[47,39364,69],{"class":61},[47,39366,241],{"class":65},[47,39368,69],{"class":61},[47,39370,37908],{"class":65},[47,39372,80],{"class":61},[47,39374,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39376,39129],{"class":53},[47,39378,58],{"class":57},[47,39380,62],{"class":61},[47,39382,2500],{"class":53},[47,39384,6224],{"class":2027},[47,39386,6650],{"class":53},[47,39388,2034],{"class":2027},[47,39390,39391],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39393,7262],{"class":2027},[47,39395,6650],{"class":53},[47,39397,6667],{"class":57},[47,39399,77],{"class":65},[47,39401,6672],{"class":57},[47,39403,4106],{"class":65},[47,39405,80],{"class":61},[47,39407,39408],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,39409,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39411,39412,39414,39416,39418],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39413,103],{"class":102},[47,39415,106],{"class":61},[47,39417,39174],{"class":92},[47,39419,216],{"class":61},[20,39421,219],{},[38,39423,39424],{"className":40,"code":38855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39425,39426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39427,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39429,229],{"class":61},[47,39431,2340],{"class":65},[47,39433,69],{"class":61},[47,39435,402],{"class":65},[47,39437,69],{"class":61},[47,39439,37908],{"class":65},[47,39441,80],{"class":61},[20,39443,39444,39445,89],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[252,39446,39448],{"href":39447},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39450,1397],{"id":1396},[20,39452,14998,39453,89],{},[15,39454,37840],{},[1404,39456,8717,39458,39460],{"id":39457},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39459,37840],{}," to return a list",[20,39462,39463],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,39465,39467],{"className":40,"code":39466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39468,39469,39511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39470,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39472,1442],{"class":53},[47,39474,58],{"class":57},[47,39476,37919],{"class":102},[47,39478,106],{"class":61},[47,39480,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39482,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39484,136],{"class":61},[47,39486,4151],{"class":92},[47,39488,4518],{"class":57},[47,39490,77],{"class":65},[47,39492,69],{"class":61},[47,39494,62],{"class":61},[47,39496,232],{"class":65},[47,39498,69],{"class":61},[47,39500,77],{"class":65},[47,39502,69],{"class":61},[47,39504,442],{"class":65},[47,39506,69],{"class":61},[47,39508,402],{"class":65},[47,39510,2040],{"class":61},[47,39512,39513,39515,39517,39519],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39514,103],{"class":102},[47,39516,106],{"class":61},[47,39518,1466],{"class":92},[47,39520,216],{"class":61},[20,39522,39523],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39525,39526],{},"Fix:",[38,39528,39530],{"className":40,"code":39529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39531,39532,39574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39533,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39535,1442],{"class":53},[47,39537,58],{"class":57},[47,39539,37919],{"class":102},[47,39541,106],{"class":61},[47,39543,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39545,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39547,136],{"class":61},[47,39549,4151],{"class":92},[47,39551,4518],{"class":57},[47,39553,77],{"class":65},[47,39555,69],{"class":61},[47,39557,62],{"class":61},[47,39559,232],{"class":65},[47,39561,69],{"class":61},[47,39563,77],{"class":65},[47,39565,69],{"class":61},[47,39567,442],{"class":65},[47,39569,69],{"class":61},[47,39571,402],{"class":65},[47,39573,2040],{"class":61},[47,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39577,103],{"class":102},[47,39579,106],{"class":61},[47,39581,8358],{"class":882},[47,39583,106],{"class":61},[47,39585,1466],{"class":92},[47,39587,1978],{"class":61},[1404,39589,39591,39592,3158,39594,39596],{"id":39590},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39593,367],{},[15,39595,294],{}," clearly",[20,39598,39599],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39601,39602],{},"Good example:",[38,39604,39606],{"className":40,"code":39605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39607,39608,39621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39609,39610,39612,39615,39617,39619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39611,35116],{"class":2348},[47,39613,39614],{"class":35119}," is_positive",[47,39616,106],{"class":61},[47,39618,2522],{"class":37927},[47,39620,8606],{"class":61},[47,39622,39623,39625,39627,39629],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39624,35127],{"class":2027},[47,39626,6650],{"class":53},[47,39628,4518],{"class":57},[47,39630,38777],{"class":65},[20,39632,39633],{},"Then use it with:",[38,39635,39637],{"className":40,"code":39636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39638,39639,39671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39640,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39642,54],{"class":53},[47,39644,58],{"class":57},[47,39646,62],{"class":61},[47,39648,2306],{"class":57},[47,39650,2340],{"class":65},[47,39652,69],{"class":61},[47,39654,2505],{"class":57},[47,39656,232],{"class":65},[47,39658,69],{"class":61},[47,39660,4106],{"class":65},[47,39662,69],{"class":61},[47,39664,72],{"class":65},[47,39666,69],{"class":61},[47,39668,77],{"class":65},[47,39670,80],{"class":61},[47,39672,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39688,39690,39692],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39674,103],{"class":102},[47,39676,106],{"class":61},[47,39678,8358],{"class":882},[47,39680,106],{"class":61},[47,39682,37866],{"class":102},[47,39684,106],{"class":61},[47,39686,39687],{"class":92},"is_positive",[47,39689,69],{"class":61},[47,39691,1447],{"class":92},[47,39693,3192],{"class":61},[20,39695,219],{},[38,39697,39699],{"className":40,"code":39698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39700,39701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39702,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39704,229],{"class":61},[47,39706,232],{"class":65},[47,39708,69],{"class":61},[47,39710,77],{"class":65},[47,39712,80],{"class":61},[1404,39714,39716],{"id":39715},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39718,39719],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,39721,39722],{"className":40,"code":38462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39723,39724,39766,39770,39784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39725,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39727,1442],{"class":53},[47,39729,58],{"class":57},[47,39731,37919],{"class":102},[47,39733,106],{"class":61},[47,39735,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39737,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39739,136],{"class":61},[47,39741,4151],{"class":92},[47,39743,4518],{"class":57},[47,39745,77],{"class":65},[47,39747,69],{"class":61},[47,39749,62],{"class":61},[47,39751,232],{"class":65},[47,39753,69],{"class":61},[47,39755,77],{"class":65},[47,39757,69],{"class":61},[47,39759,442],{"class":65},[47,39761,69],{"class":61},[47,39763,402],{"class":65},[47,39765,2040],{"class":61},[47,39767,39768],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39769,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39771,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,39773,103],{"class":102},[47,39775,106],{"class":61},[47,39777,8358],{"class":882},[47,39779,106],{"class":61},[47,39781,1466],{"class":92},[47,39783,1978],{"class":61},[47,39785,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39787,103],{"class":102},[47,39789,106],{"class":61},[47,39791,8358],{"class":882},[47,39793,106],{"class":61},[47,39795,1466],{"class":92},[47,39797,1978],{"class":61},[20,39799,219],{},[38,39801,39802],{"className":40,"code":38543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39803,39804,39816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39805,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39807,229],{"class":61},[47,39809,66],{"class":65},[47,39811,69],{"class":61},[47,39813,402],{"class":65},[47,39815,80],{"class":61},[47,39817,39818],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39819,38562],{"class":61},[20,39821,39822],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,39824,39826],{"className":40,"code":39825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39827,39828,39874,39878,39888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39829,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39831,1442],{"class":53},[47,39833,58],{"class":57},[47,39835,1644],{"class":882},[47,39837,106],{"class":61},[47,39839,37866],{"class":102},[47,39841,106],{"class":61},[47,39843,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39845,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39847,136],{"class":61},[47,39849,4151],{"class":92},[47,39851,4518],{"class":57},[47,39853,77],{"class":65},[47,39855,69],{"class":61},[47,39857,62],{"class":61},[47,39859,232],{"class":65},[47,39861,69],{"class":61},[47,39863,77],{"class":65},[47,39865,69],{"class":61},[47,39867,442],{"class":65},[47,39869,69],{"class":61},[47,39871,402],{"class":65},[47,39873,3278],{"class":61},[47,39875,39876],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,39877,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,39879,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,39881,103],{"class":102},[47,39883,106],{"class":61},[47,39885,1466],{"class":92},[47,39887,216],{"class":61},[47,39889,39890,39892,39894,39896],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,39891,103],{"class":102},[47,39893,106],{"class":61},[47,39895,1466],{"class":92},[47,39897,216],{"class":61},[1404,39899,39901],{"id":39900},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39903,39904],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39906,1590],{},[38,39908,39910],{"className":40,"code":39909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39911,39912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39913,39914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39915,39909],{"class":114},[20,39917,39918,39919,6816],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39920,437],{},[20,39922,16920],{},[38,39924,39926],{"className":40,"code":39925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39927,39928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39929,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39931,103],{"class":102},[47,39933,106],{"class":61},[47,39935,8358],{"class":882},[47,39937,106],{"class":61},[47,39939,37866],{"class":102},[47,39941,106],{"class":61},[47,39943,37924],{"class":2348},[47,39945,37928],{"class":37927},[47,39947,136],{"class":61},[47,39949,4151],{"class":92},[47,39951,4518],{"class":57},[47,39953,77],{"class":65},[47,39955,69],{"class":61},[47,39957,62],{"class":61},[47,39959,232],{"class":65},[47,39961,69],{"class":61},[47,39963,77],{"class":65},[47,39965,69],{"class":61},[47,39967,442],{"class":65},[47,39969,69],{"class":61},[47,39971,402],{"class":65},[47,39973,37529],{"class":61},[1404,39975,37468,39977,8968,39979],{"id":39976},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39978,37840],{},[15,39980,39981],{},"map()",[138,39983,39984,39989],{},[141,39985,39986,39988],{},[15,39987,37840],{}," keeps or removes items",[141,39990,39991,39993],{},[15,39992,39981],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39995,39996,39997,136],{},"Example of ",[15,39998,37840],{},[38,40000,40002],{"className":40,"code":40001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40003,40004,40028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40005,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40007,54],{"class":53},[47,40009,58],{"class":57},[47,40011,62],{"class":61},[47,40013,232],{"class":65},[47,40015,69],{"class":61},[47,40017,77],{"class":65},[47,40019,69],{"class":61},[47,40021,442],{"class":65},[47,40023,69],{"class":61},[47,40025,402],{"class":65},[47,40027,80],{"class":61},[47,40029,40030,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056,40058],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40031,103],{"class":102},[47,40033,106],{"class":61},[47,40035,8358],{"class":882},[47,40037,106],{"class":61},[47,40039,37866],{"class":102},[47,40041,106],{"class":61},[47,40043,37924],{"class":2348},[47,40045,37928],{"class":37927},[47,40047,136],{"class":61},[47,40049,4151],{"class":92},[47,40051,4518],{"class":57},[47,40053,77],{"class":65},[47,40055,69],{"class":61},[47,40057,1447],{"class":92},[47,40059,3192],{"class":61},[20,40061,219],{},[38,40063,40065],{"className":40,"code":40064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40066,40067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40068,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40070,229],{"class":61},[47,40072,66],{"class":65},[47,40074,69],{"class":61},[47,40076,402],{"class":65},[47,40078,80],{"class":61},[20,40080,39996,40081,136],{},[15,40082,39981],{},[38,40084,40086],{"className":40,"code":40085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40087,40088,40112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40089,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40091,54],{"class":53},[47,40093,58],{"class":57},[47,40095,62],{"class":61},[47,40097,232],{"class":65},[47,40099,69],{"class":61},[47,40101,77],{"class":65},[47,40103,69],{"class":61},[47,40105,442],{"class":65},[47,40107,69],{"class":61},[47,40109,402],{"class":65},[47,40111,80],{"class":61},[47,40113,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135,40138,40140,40142,40144],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40115,103],{"class":102},[47,40117,106],{"class":61},[47,40119,8358],{"class":882},[47,40121,106],{"class":61},[47,40123,40124],{"class":102},"map",[47,40126,106],{"class":61},[47,40128,37924],{"class":2348},[47,40130,37928],{"class":37927},[47,40132,136],{"class":61},[47,40134,4151],{"class":92},[47,40136,40137],{"class":57},"*",[47,40139,77],{"class":65},[47,40141,69],{"class":61},[47,40143,1447],{"class":92},[47,40145,3192],{"class":61},[20,40147,219],{},[38,40149,40151],{"className":40,"code":40150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40152,40153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40154,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169,40171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40156,229],{"class":61},[47,40158,2340],{"class":65},[47,40160,69],{"class":61},[47,40162,402],{"class":65},[47,40164,69],{"class":61},[47,40166,37908],{"class":65},[47,40168,69],{"class":61},[47,40170,447],{"class":65},[47,40172,80],{"class":61},[20,40174,40175,40176,89],{},"For the related function, see ",[252,40177,1386,40179,3785],{"href":40178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40180,39981],{},[33,40182,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,40184,2082,40186,40188],{"id":40185},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40187,37840],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40190,40191,40192,40194],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40193,25045],{}," if needed.",[1404,40196,40198,40199,40201],{"id":40197},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40200,37840],{}," need to return?",[20,40203,38147,40204,40206,40207,40209],{},[15,40205,367],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40208,294],{}," to remove it.",[1404,40211,28593,40213,40215],{"id":40212},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40214,37840],{}," without lambda?",[20,40217,40218],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1404,40220,5408,40222,40225],{"id":40221},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40223,40224],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40227,40228,40229,40231,40232,17337,40234,89],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40230,2403],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40233,124],{},[15,40235,294],{},[1404,40237,21686,40239,40241],{"id":40238},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40240,37840],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40243,40244,40245,40247],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40246,6224],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40249,40250],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[138,40252,40253,40259,40265],{},[141,40254,40255,40256,40258],{},"use ",[15,40257,37840],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[141,40260,40261,40262,40264],{},"use a ",[15,40263,6224],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[141,40266,40267],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40269,40270,40271,89],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[252,40272,5398],{"href":40273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,40275,2187],{"id":2186},[138,40277,40278,40283,40287,40292,40298],{},[141,40279,40280],{},[252,40281,40282],{"href":38718},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[141,40284,40285],{},[252,40286,5487],{"href":40273},[141,40288,40289],{},[252,40290,40291],{"href":39447},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[141,40293,40294],{},[252,40295,1386,40296,3785],{"href":40178},[15,40297,39981],{},[141,40299,40300],{},[252,40301,5482],{"href":5853},[2210,40303,40304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":40306},[40307,40308,40310,40314,40317,40319,40321,40323,40325,40335,40347],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":37974,"depth":83,"text":40309},"What filter() does",{"id":38108,"depth":83,"text":38109,"children":40311},[40312,40313],{"id":38125,"depth":99,"text":38125},{"id":3992,"depth":99,"text":3992},{"id":38284,"depth":83,"text":38285,"children":40315},[40316],{"id":38455,"depth":99,"text":38456},{"id":38568,"depth":83,"text":40318},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38722,"depth":83,"text":40320},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38884,"depth":83,"text":40322},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39064,"depth":83,"text":40324},"When to use filter()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":40326},[40327,40329,40331,40332,40333],{"id":39457,"depth":99,"text":40328},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39590,"depth":99,"text":40330},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39715,"depth":99,"text":39716},{"id":39900,"depth":99,"text":39901},{"id":39976,"depth":99,"text":40334},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":40336},[40337,40339,40341,40343,40345],{"id":40185,"depth":99,"text":40338},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40197,"depth":99,"text":40340},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40212,"depth":99,"text":40342},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40221,"depth":99,"text":40344},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40238,"depth":99,"text":40346},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37832,"description":40348},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40355,"title":40356,"body":40357,"description":42510,"extension":2248,"meta":42511,"navigation":203,"path":42512,"seo":42513,"stem":42514,"__hash__":42515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40358,"toc":42464},[40359,40362,40367,40373,40375,40427,40429,40448,40453,40457,40462,40465,40480,40483,40505,40507,40556,40558,40582,40584,40586,40601,40606,40614,40629,40631,40640,40643,40678,40682,40687,40691,40698,40733,40735,40751,40755,40758,40799,40801,40815,40819,40822,40846,40848,40857,40861,40864,40897,40899,40912,40916,40922,40941,40943,40951,40955,40960,40964,40970,40993,40995,41024,41027,41046,41050,41053,41080,41082,41116,41120,41123,41147,41151,41162,41164,41169,41175,41177,41261,41263,41305,41308,41312,41319,41328,41384,41391,41400,41405,41409,41480,41482,41491,41495,41498,41542,41544,41553,41557,41563,41613,41617,41622,41626,41650,41652,41661,41665,41689,41691,41702,41706,41730,41732,41741,41744,41761,41767,41771,41777,41780,41785,41788,41809,41811,41843,41846,41851,41853,41864,41866,41910,41914,41921,41973,41975,41984,41988,41991,42084,42087,42111,42115,42118,42210,42215,42219,42226,42231,42255,42257,42266,42271,42294,42296,42304,42311,42334,42342,42344,42357,42367,42369,42373,42380,42384,42393,42397,42404,42408,42412,42416,42429,42431,42461],[10,40360,40356],{"id":40361},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40363,9387,40364,40366],{},[15,40365,3164],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40368,40369,40370,40372],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40371,3164],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[33,40374,36],{"id":35},[38,40376,40378],{"className":40,"code":40377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40379,40380,40394,40413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40381,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40383,103],{"class":102},[47,40385,106],{"class":61},[47,40387,2475],{"class":882},[47,40389,106],{"class":61},[47,40391,173],{"class":65},[47,40393,1978],{"class":61},[47,40395,40396,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40409,40411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40397,103],{"class":102},[47,40399,106],{"class":61},[47,40401,2475],{"class":882},[47,40403,106],{"class":61},[47,40405,633],{"class":632},[47,40407,40408],{"class":636},"3.14",[47,40410,633],{"class":632},[47,40412,1978],{"class":61},[47,40414,40415,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,40416,103],{"class":102},[47,40418,106],{"class":61},[47,40420,2475],{"class":882},[47,40422,106],{"class":61},[47,40424,367],{"class":284},[47,40426,1978],{"class":61},[20,40428,219],{},[38,40430,40432],{"className":40,"code":40431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40433,40434,40438,40443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40435,40436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40437,2760],{"class":65},[47,40439,40440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40441,40442],{"class":65},"3.14\n",[47,40444,40445],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,40446,40447],{"class":65},"1.0\n",[20,40449,118,40450,40452],{},[15,40451,3164],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[33,40454,40456],{"id":40455},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40458,40459,40461],{},[15,40460,3164],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40463,40464],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[138,40466,40467,40471,40475],{},[141,40468,40469],{},[15,40470,2772],{},[141,40472,40473],{},[15,40474,40408],{},[141,40476,40477],{},[15,40478,40479],{},"0.5",[20,40481,40482],{},"A few key points:",[138,40484,40485,40492,40495,40498],{},[141,40486,40487,40489,40490],{},[15,40488,3164],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40491,2475],{},[141,40493,40494],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[141,40496,40497],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[141,40499,40500,40501],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[252,40502,40503],{"href":8484},[15,40504,3238],{},[20,40506,318],{},[38,40508,40510],{"className":40,"code":40509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40511,40512,40532,40542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40513,40514,40516,40518,40521,40523,40525,40528,40530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40515,2500],{"class":53},[47,40517,58],{"class":57},[47,40519,40520],{"class":882}," float",[47,40522,106],{"class":61},[47,40524,633],{"class":632},[47,40526,40527],{"class":636},"2.75",[47,40529,633],{"class":632},[47,40531,216],{"class":61},[47,40533,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40535,103],{"class":102},[47,40537,106],{"class":61},[47,40539,2522],{"class":92},[47,40541,216],{"class":61},[47,40543,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,40545,103],{"class":102},[47,40547,106],{"class":61},[47,40549,1971],{"class":882},[47,40551,106],{"class":61},[47,40553,2522],{"class":92},[47,40555,1978],{"class":61},[20,40557,219],{},[38,40559,40561],{"className":40,"code":40560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40562,40563,40568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40564,40565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40566,40567],{"class":65},"2.75\n",[47,40569,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578,40580],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40571,3568],{"class":57},[47,40573,3571],{"class":2348},[47,40575,708],{"class":632},[47,40577,2475],{"class":636},[47,40579,699],{"class":632},[47,40581,3580],{"class":57},[33,40583,259],{"id":258},[20,40585,7482],{},[38,40587,40589],{"className":40,"code":40588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,40590,40591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40592,40593,40595,40597,40599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40594,2475],{"class":882},[47,40596,106],{"class":61},[47,40598,2753],{"class":92},[47,40600,216],{"class":61},[20,40602,40603,40604,89],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40605,3164],{},[20,40607,40608,40609,40611,40612,136],{},"If you call ",[15,40610,3164],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40613,4041],{},[38,40615,40617],{"className":40,"code":40616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,40618,40619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40620,40621,40623,40625,40627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40622,103],{"class":102},[47,40624,106],{"class":61},[47,40626,2475],{"class":882},[47,40628,1993],{"class":61},[20,40630,219],{},[38,40632,40634],{"className":40,"code":40633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,40635,40636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40637,40638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40639,40633],{"class":65},[20,40641,40642],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,40644,40646],{"className":40,"code":40645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40647,40648,40668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40649,40650,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661,40664,40666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40651,40652],{"class":53},"price ",[47,40654,58],{"class":57},[47,40656,40520],{"class":882},[47,40658,106],{"class":61},[47,40660,633],{"class":632},[47,40662,40663],{"class":636},"19.99",[47,40665,633],{"class":632},[47,40667,216],{"class":61},[47,40669,40670,40672,40674,40676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40671,103],{"class":102},[47,40673,106],{"class":61},[47,40675,25414],{"class":92},[47,40677,216],{"class":61},[33,40679,40681],{"id":40680},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40683,40684,40686],{},[15,40685,3164],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1404,40688,40690],{"id":40689},"integers","Integers",[20,40692,40693,40694,40697],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40695,40696],{},".0"," added:",[38,40699,40701],{"className":40,"code":40700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40702,40703,40717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40704,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40706,103],{"class":102},[47,40708,106],{"class":61},[47,40710,2475],{"class":882},[47,40712,106],{"class":61},[47,40714,173],{"class":65},[47,40716,1978],{"class":61},[47,40718,40719,40721,40723,40725,40727,40729,40731],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40720,103],{"class":102},[47,40722,106],{"class":61},[47,40724,2475],{"class":882},[47,40726,106],{"class":61},[47,40728,2306],{"class":57},[47,40730,2340],{"class":65},[47,40732,1978],{"class":61},[20,40734,219],{},[38,40736,40738],{"className":40,"code":40737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40739,40740,40744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40741,40742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40743,2760],{"class":65},[47,40745,40746,40748],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40747,2306],{"class":57},[47,40749,40750],{"class":65},"2.0\n",[1404,40752,40754],{"id":40753},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40756,40757],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,40759,40761],{"className":40,"code":40760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40762,40763,40781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40764,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40766,103],{"class":102},[47,40768,106],{"class":61},[47,40770,2475],{"class":882},[47,40772,106],{"class":61},[47,40774,633],{"class":632},[47,40776,40408],{"class":636},[47,40778,633],{"class":632},[47,40780,1978],{"class":61},[47,40782,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795,40797],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40784,103],{"class":102},[47,40786,106],{"class":61},[47,40788,2475],{"class":882},[47,40790,106],{"class":61},[47,40792,633],{"class":632},[47,40794,437],{"class":636},[47,40796,633],{"class":632},[47,40798,1978],{"class":61},[20,40800,219],{},[38,40802,40804],{"className":40,"code":40803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40805,40806,40810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40807,40808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40809,40442],{"class":65},[47,40811,40812],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40813,40814],{"class":65},"10.0\n",[1404,40816,40818],{"id":40817},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40820,40821],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,40823,40825],{"className":40,"code":40824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40826,40827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40828,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837,40839,40842,40844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40830,103],{"class":102},[47,40832,106],{"class":61},[47,40834,2475],{"class":882},[47,40836,106],{"class":61},[47,40838,633],{"class":632},[47,40840,40841],{"class":636},"  8.5  ",[47,40843,633],{"class":632},[47,40845,1978],{"class":61},[20,40847,219],{},[38,40849,40851],{"className":40,"code":40850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,40852,40853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40854,40855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40856,40850],{"class":65},[1404,40858,40860],{"id":40859},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40862,40863],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,40865,40867],{"className":40,"code":40866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40868,40869,40883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40870,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879,40881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40872,103],{"class":102},[47,40874,106],{"class":61},[47,40876,2475],{"class":882},[47,40878,106],{"class":61},[47,40880,367],{"class":284},[47,40882,1978],{"class":61},[47,40884,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40886,103],{"class":102},[47,40888,106],{"class":61},[47,40890,2475],{"class":882},[47,40892,106],{"class":61},[47,40894,294],{"class":284},[47,40896,1978],{"class":61},[20,40898,219],{},[38,40900,40902],{"className":40,"code":40901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40903,40904,40908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40905,40906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40907,40447],{"class":65},[47,40909,40910],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,40911,40633],{"class":65},[1404,40913,40915],{"id":40914},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40917,40918,40919,40921],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40920,3164],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,40923,40925],{"className":40,"code":40924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40926,40927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40928,40929,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40930,103],{"class":102},[47,40932,106],{"class":61},[47,40934,2475],{"class":882},[47,40936,106],{"class":61},[47,40938,2644],{"class":65},[47,40940,1978],{"class":61},[20,40942,219],{},[38,40944,40945],{"className":40,"code":2668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,40946,40947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40948,40949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40950,2668],{"class":65},[33,40952,40954],{"id":40953},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40956,40957,40958,89],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40959,3164],{},[1404,40961,40963],{"id":40962},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40965,40966,40967,136],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40968,40969],{},"ValueError",[38,40971,40973],{"className":40,"code":40972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40974,40975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40976,40977,40979,40981,40983,40985,40987,40989,40991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40978,103],{"class":102},[47,40980,106],{"class":61},[47,40982,2475],{"class":882},[47,40984,106],{"class":61},[47,40986,633],{"class":632},[47,40988,4118],{"class":636},[47,40990,633],{"class":632},[47,40992,1978],{"class":61},[20,40994,29946],{},[38,40996,40998],{"className":40,"code":40997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40999,41000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41001,41002,41004,41006,41009,41011,41014,41016,41018,41020,41022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41003,40969],{"class":882},[47,41005,136],{"class":61},[47,41007,41008],{"class":53}," could ",[47,41010,4896],{"class":57},[47,41012,41013],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,41015,2475],{"class":882},[47,41017,136],{"class":61},[47,41019,708],{"class":632},[47,41021,4118],{"class":636},[47,41023,29965],{"class":632},[20,41025,41026],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,41028,41030],{"className":40,"code":41029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41031,41032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41033,41034,41036,41038,41040,41042,41044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41035,103],{"class":102},[47,41037,106],{"class":61},[47,41039,2475],{"class":882},[47,41041,106],{"class":61},[47,41043,6536],{"class":632},[47,41045,1978],{"class":61},[1404,41047,41049],{"id":41048},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41051,41052],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,41054,41056],{"className":40,"code":41055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41057,41058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41059,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41061,103],{"class":102},[47,41063,106],{"class":61},[47,41065,2475],{"class":882},[47,41067,2015],{"class":61},[47,41069,232],{"class":65},[47,41071,69],{"class":61},[47,41073,77],{"class":65},[47,41075,69],{"class":61},[47,41077,442],{"class":65},[47,41079,3278],{"class":61},[20,41081,29946],{},[38,41083,41085],{"className":40,"code":41084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41086,41087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41088,41089,41091,41093,41095,41097,41100,41103,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41090,1574],{"class":882},[47,41092,136],{"class":61},[47,41094,40520],{"class":882},[47,41096,7629],{"class":61},[47,41098,41099],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,41101,41102],{"class":57},"or",[47,41104,41105],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,41107,69],{"class":61},[47,41109,8364],{"class":57},[47,41111,708],{"class":632},[47,41113,8358],{"class":636},[47,41115,29965],{"class":632},[1404,41117,41119],{"id":41118},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41121,41122],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,41124,41126],{"className":40,"code":41125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41127,41128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41129,41130,41132,41134,41136,41138,41140,41143,41145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41131,103],{"class":102},[47,41133,106],{"class":61},[47,41135,2475],{"class":882},[47,41137,106],{"class":61},[47,41139,633],{"class":632},[47,41141,41142],{"class":636},"3,14",[47,41144,633],{"class":632},[47,41146,1978],{"class":61},[20,41148,1571,41149,89],{},[15,41150,40969],{},[20,41152,41153,41154,1233,41158,89],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[252,41155,41157],{"href":41156},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[252,41159,41161],{"href":41160},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[33,41163,17684],{"id":17683},[20,41165,41166,41168],{},[15,41167,3164],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41170,41171,41172,41174],{},"It does ",[4015,41173,4896],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41176,318],{},[38,41178,41180],{"className":40,"code":41179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41181,41182,41195,41209,41213,41223,41233,41247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41183,41184,41186,41188,41190,41193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41185,1600],{"class":53},[47,41187,58],{"class":57},[47,41189,644],{"class":632},[47,41191,41192],{"class":636},"6.5",[47,41194,1609],{"class":632},[47,41196,41197,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41198,2500],{"class":53},[47,41200,58],{"class":57},[47,41202,40520],{"class":882},[47,41204,106],{"class":61},[47,41206,1614],{"class":92},[47,41208,216],{"class":61},[47,41210,41211],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41212,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41214,41215,41217,41219,41221],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41216,103],{"class":102},[47,41218,106],{"class":61},[47,41220,1614],{"class":92},[47,41222,216],{"class":61},[47,41224,41225,41227,41229,41231],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,41226,103],{"class":102},[47,41228,106],{"class":61},[47,41230,2522],{"class":92},[47,41232,216],{"class":61},[47,41234,41235,41237,41239,41241,41243,41245],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,41236,103],{"class":102},[47,41238,106],{"class":61},[47,41240,1971],{"class":882},[47,41242,106],{"class":61},[47,41244,1614],{"class":92},[47,41246,1978],{"class":61},[47,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,41250,103],{"class":102},[47,41252,106],{"class":61},[47,41254,1971],{"class":882},[47,41256,106],{"class":61},[47,41258,2522],{"class":92},[47,41260,1978],{"class":61},[20,41262,219],{},[38,41264,41266],{"className":40,"code":41265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41267,41268,41273,41277,41291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41269,41270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41271,41272],{"class":65},"6.5\n",[47,41274,41275],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41276,41272],{"class":65},[47,41278,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41280,3568],{"class":57},[47,41282,3571],{"class":2348},[47,41284,708],{"class":632},[47,41286,883],{"class":636},[47,41288,699],{"class":632},[47,41290,3580],{"class":57},[47,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41303],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41294,3568],{"class":57},[47,41296,3571],{"class":2348},[47,41298,708],{"class":632},[47,41300,2475],{"class":636},[47,41302,699],{"class":632},[47,41304,3580],{"class":57},[20,41306,41307],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[33,41309,41311],{"id":41310},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1404,41313,41315,41316,41318],{"id":41314},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41317,3238],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41320,956,41321,41325,41326,89],{},[252,41322,41323,2585],{"href":8484},[15,41324,3238],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41327,3164],{},[38,41329,41331],{"className":40,"code":41330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41332,41333,41352,41366,41370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41334,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41348,41350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41336,8502],{"class":53},[47,41338,58],{"class":57},[47,41340,8507],{"class":102},[47,41342,106],{"class":61},[47,41344,633],{"class":632},[47,41346,41347],{"class":636},"Enter a price: ",[47,41349,633],{"class":632},[47,41351,216],{"class":61},[47,41353,41354,41356,41358,41360,41362,41364],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41355,40652],{"class":53},[47,41357,58],{"class":57},[47,41359,40520],{"class":882},[47,41361,106],{"class":61},[47,41363,8531],{"class":92},[47,41365,216],{"class":61},[47,41367,41368],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41369,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41371,41372,41374,41376,41378,41380,41382],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41373,103],{"class":102},[47,41375,106],{"class":61},[47,41377,40652],{"class":92},[47,41379,40137],{"class":57},[47,41381,77],{"class":65},[47,41383,216],{"class":61},[20,41385,41386,41387,41390],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41388,41389],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,41392,41394],{"className":40,"code":41393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,41395,41396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41397,41398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41399,41393],{"class":65},[20,41401,41402,41403,89],{},"For more help with this, see ",[252,41404,9245],{"href":9244},[1404,41406,41408],{"id":41407},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,41410,41412],{"className":40,"code":41411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41413,41414,41427,41440,41444,41469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41415,41416,41418,41420,41422,41425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41417,2834],{"class":53},[47,41419,58],{"class":57},[47,41421,644],{"class":632},[47,41423,41424],{"class":636},"2.5",[47,41426,1609],{"class":632},[47,41428,41429,41431,41433,41435,41438],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41430,2862],{"class":53},[47,41432,58],{"class":57},[47,41434,644],{"class":632},[47,41436,41437],{"class":636},"1.5",[47,41439,1609],{"class":632},[47,41441,41442],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41443,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41445,41446,41449,41451,41453,41455,41457,41459,41461,41463,41465,41467],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41447,41448],{"class":53},"total ",[47,41450,58],{"class":57},[47,41452,40520],{"class":882},[47,41454,106],{"class":61},[47,41456,252],{"class":92},[47,41458,111],{"class":61},[47,41460,2735],{"class":57},[47,41462,40520],{"class":882},[47,41464,106],{"class":61},[47,41466,5026],{"class":92},[47,41468,216],{"class":61},[47,41470,41471,41473,41475,41478],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,41472,103],{"class":102},[47,41474,106],{"class":61},[47,41476,41477],{"class":92},"total",[47,41479,216],{"class":61},[20,41481,219],{},[38,41483,41485],{"className":40,"code":41484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,41486,41487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41488,41489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41490,41484],{"class":65},[1404,41492,41494],{"id":41493},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41496,41497],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,41499,41501],{"className":40,"code":41500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41502,41503,41513,41528,41532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41504,41505,41508,41510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41506,41507],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41509,58],{"class":57},[47,41511,41512],{"class":65}," 7\n",[47,41514,41515,41517,41519,41521,41523,41526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41516,1442],{"class":53},[47,41518,58],{"class":57},[47,41520,40520],{"class":882},[47,41522,106],{"class":61},[47,41524,41525],{"class":92},"count",[47,41527,216],{"class":61},[47,41529,41530],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41531,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41533,41534,41536,41538,41540],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41535,103],{"class":102},[47,41537,106],{"class":61},[47,41539,1466],{"class":92},[47,41541,216],{"class":61},[20,41543,219],{},[38,41545,41547],{"className":40,"code":41546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,41548,41549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41550,41551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41552,41546],{"class":65},[1404,41554,41556],{"id":41555},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41558,41559,41560,41562],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41561,3164],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,41564,41566],{"className":40,"code":41565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41567,41568,41582,41598,41602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41569,41570,41573,41575,41577,41580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41571,41572],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41574,58],{"class":57},[47,41576,644],{"class":632},[47,41578,41579],{"class":636},"21.8",[47,41581,1609],{"class":632},[47,41583,41584,41587,41589,41591,41593,41596],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41585,41586],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41588,58],{"class":57},[47,41590,40520],{"class":882},[47,41592,106],{"class":61},[47,41594,41595],{"class":92},"temperature_text",[47,41597,216],{"class":61},[47,41599,41600],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41601,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41603,41604,41606,41608,41611],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41605,103],{"class":102},[47,41607,106],{"class":61},[47,41609,41610],{"class":92},"temperature",[47,41612,216],{"class":61},[33,41614,41616],{"id":41615},"special-values","Special values",[20,41618,41619,41621],{},[15,41620,3164],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1404,41623,41625],{"id":41624},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,41627,41629],{"className":40,"code":41628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41630,41631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41632,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643,41646,41648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41634,103],{"class":102},[47,41636,106],{"class":61},[47,41638,2475],{"class":882},[47,41640,106],{"class":61},[47,41642,633],{"class":632},[47,41644,41645],{"class":636},"inf",[47,41647,633],{"class":632},[47,41649,1978],{"class":61},[20,41651,219],{},[38,41653,41655],{"className":40,"code":41654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,41656,41657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41658,41659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41660,41654],{"class":53},[1404,41662,41664],{"id":41663},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,41666,41668],{"className":40,"code":41667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41669,41670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41671,41672,41674,41676,41678,41680,41682,41685,41687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41673,103],{"class":102},[47,41675,106],{"class":61},[47,41677,2475],{"class":882},[47,41679,106],{"class":61},[47,41681,633],{"class":632},[47,41683,41684],{"class":636},"-inf",[47,41686,633],{"class":632},[47,41688,1978],{"class":61},[20,41690,219],{},[38,41692,41694],{"className":40,"code":41693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,41695,41696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41697,41698,41700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41699,2306],{"class":57},[47,41701,41654],{"class":53},[1404,41703,41705],{"id":41704},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,41707,41709],{"className":40,"code":41708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41710,41711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41712,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721,41723,41726,41728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41714,103],{"class":102},[47,41716,106],{"class":61},[47,41718,2475],{"class":882},[47,41720,106],{"class":61},[47,41722,633],{"class":632},[47,41724,41725],{"class":636},"nan",[47,41727,633],{"class":632},[47,41729,1978],{"class":61},[20,41731,219],{},[38,41733,41735],{"className":40,"code":41734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,41736,41737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41738,41739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41740,41734],{"class":53},[20,41742,41743],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[138,41745,41746,41751,41756],{},[141,41747,41748,41750],{},[15,41749,41645],{}," means positive infinity",[141,41752,41753,41755],{},[15,41754,41684],{}," means negative infinity",[141,41757,41758,41760],{},[15,41759,41725],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41762,41763,41764,41766],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41765,3164],{}," accepts them.",[33,41768,41770],{"id":41769},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41772,41773,41774,41776],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41775,3164],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1404,41778,40969],{"id":41779},"valueerror",[20,41781,15453,41782,41784],{},[15,41783,40969],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41786,41787],{},"Common causes:",[138,41789,41790,41796,41799,41802],{},[141,41791,41792,41793],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41794,41795],{},"\"abc\"",[141,41797,41798],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[141,41800,41801],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[141,41803,1579,41804],{},[252,41805,41806,41808],{"href":8484},[15,41807,3238],{}," returns a string",[20,41810,318],{},[38,41812,41814],{"className":40,"code":41813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41815,41816,41829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41817,41818,41820,41822,41824,41827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41819,2728],{"class":53},[47,41821,58],{"class":57},[47,41823,644],{"class":632},[47,41825,41826],{"class":636},"abc",[47,41828,1609],{"class":632},[47,41830,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839,41841],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41832,103],{"class":102},[47,41834,106],{"class":61},[47,41836,2475],{"class":882},[47,41838,106],{"class":61},[47,41840,2753],{"class":92},[47,41842,1978],{"class":61},[1404,41844,1574],{"id":41845},"typeerror",[20,41847,15453,41848,41850],{},[15,41849,1574],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41852,41787],{},[138,41854,41855,41858,41861],{},[141,41856,41857],{},"Passing a list",[141,41859,41860],{},"Passing a dictionary",[141,41862,41863],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41865,318],{},[38,41867,41869],{"className":40,"code":41868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41870,41871,41896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41872,41873,41875,41877,41879,41881,41883,41885,41887,41889,41892,41894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41874,2728],{"class":53},[47,41876,58],{"class":57},[47,41878,10756],{"class":61},[47,41880,633],{"class":632},[47,41882,25414],{"class":636},[47,41884,633],{"class":632},[47,41886,136],{"class":61},[47,41888,644],{"class":632},[47,41890,41891],{"class":636},"9.99",[47,41893,633],{"class":632},[47,41895,9573],{"class":61},[47,41897,41898,41900,41902,41904,41906,41908],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41899,103],{"class":102},[47,41901,106],{"class":61},[47,41903,2475],{"class":882},[47,41905,106],{"class":61},[47,41907,2753],{"class":92},[47,41909,1978],{"class":61},[1404,41911,41913],{"id":41912},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41915,41916,41917,41920],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41918,41919],{},"strip()"," can help:",[38,41922,41924],{"className":40,"code":41923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41925,41926,41939,41954,41958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41927,41928,41930,41932,41934,41937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41929,2728],{"class":53},[47,41931,58],{"class":57},[47,41933,644],{"class":632},[47,41935,41936],{"class":636},"  7.25  ",[47,41938,1609],{"class":632},[47,41940,41941,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,41942,41943],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41945,58],{"class":57},[47,41947,8697],{"class":53},[47,41949,89],{"class":61},[47,41951,8899],{"class":92},[47,41953,96],{"class":61},[47,41955,41956],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,41957,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,41959,41960,41962,41964,41966,41968,41971],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,41961,103],{"class":102},[47,41963,106],{"class":61},[47,41965,2475],{"class":882},[47,41967,106],{"class":61},[47,41969,41970],{"class":92},"clean_value",[47,41972,1978],{"class":61},[20,41974,219],{},[38,41976,41978],{"className":40,"code":41977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,41979,41980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41981,41982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41983,41977],{"class":65},[1404,41985,41987],{"id":41986},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41989,41990],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,41992,41994],{"className":40,"code":41993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41995,41996,42009,42013,42023,42037,42052,42056,42070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41997,41998,42000,42002,42004,42007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41999,2728],{"class":53},[47,42001,58],{"class":57},[47,42003,644],{"class":632},[47,42005,42006],{"class":636}," 3.5 ",[47,42008,1609],{"class":632},[47,42010,42011],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42012,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,42014,42015,42017,42019,42021],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,42016,103],{"class":102},[47,42018,106],{"class":61},[47,42020,2753],{"class":92},[47,42022,216],{"class":61},[47,42024,42025,42027,42029,42031,42033,42035],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,42026,103],{"class":102},[47,42028,106],{"class":61},[47,42030,1971],{"class":882},[47,42032,106],{"class":61},[47,42034,2753],{"class":92},[47,42036,1978],{"class":61},[47,42038,42039,42041,42043,42046,42048,42050],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,42040,103],{"class":102},[47,42042,106],{"class":61},[47,42044,42045],{"class":102},"repr",[47,42047,106],{"class":61},[47,42049,2753],{"class":92},[47,42051,1978],{"class":61},[47,42053,42054],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,42055,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,42057,42058,42060,42062,42064,42066,42068],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,42059,41943],{"class":53},[47,42061,58],{"class":57},[47,42063,8697],{"class":53},[47,42065,89],{"class":61},[47,42067,8899],{"class":92},[47,42069,96],{"class":61},[47,42071,42072,42074,42076,42078,42080,42082],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,42073,103],{"class":102},[47,42075,106],{"class":61},[47,42077,2475],{"class":882},[47,42079,106],{"class":61},[47,42081,41970],{"class":92},[47,42083,1978],{"class":61},[20,42085,42086],{},"Why this helps:",[138,42088,42089,42095,42100,42106],{},[141,42090,42091,42094],{},[15,42092,42093],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[141,42096,42097,21633],{},[15,42098,42099],{},"print(type(value))",[141,42101,42102,42105],{},[15,42103,42104],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[141,42107,42108,42110],{},[15,42109,41919],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1404,42112,42114],{"id":42113},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42116,42117],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,42119,42121],{"className":40,"code":42120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42122,42123,42142,42146,42152,42167,42186,42195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42124,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133,42135,42138,42140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42126,2728],{"class":53},[47,42128,58],{"class":57},[47,42130,8507],{"class":102},[47,42132,106],{"class":61},[47,42134,633],{"class":632},[47,42136,42137],{"class":636},"Enter a number: ",[47,42139,633],{"class":632},[47,42141,216],{"class":61},[47,42143,42144],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42145,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,42147,42148,42150],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,42149,30069],{"class":2027},[47,42151,6657],{"class":61},[47,42153,42154,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,42155,42156],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,42158,58],{"class":57},[47,42160,40520],{"class":882},[47,42162,106],{"class":61},[47,42164,2753],{"class":92},[47,42166,216],{"class":61},[47,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175,42178,42180,42182,42184],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,42170,8333],{"class":102},[47,42172,106],{"class":61},[47,42174,633],{"class":632},[47,42176,42177],{"class":636},"Converted:",[47,42179,633],{"class":632},[47,42181,69],{"class":61},[47,42183,2480],{"class":92},[47,42185,216],{"class":61},[47,42187,42188,42190,42193],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,42189,30100],{"class":2027},[47,42191,42192],{"class":882}," ValueError",[47,42194,6657],{"class":61},[47,42196,42197,42199,42201,42203,42206,42208],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,42198,8333],{"class":102},[47,42200,106],{"class":61},[47,42202,633],{"class":632},[47,42204,42205],{"class":636},"That is not a valid number.",[47,42207,633],{"class":632},[47,42209,216],{"class":61},[20,42211,42212,42213,89],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[252,42214,41161],{"href":41160},[33,42216,42218],{"id":42217},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42220,10855,42221,1233,42223,42225],{},[15,42222,3164],{},[15,42224,3157],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42227,42228,42230],{},[15,42229,3164],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,42232,42234],{"className":40,"code":42233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42235,42236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42237,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42248,42251,42253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42239,103],{"class":102},[47,42241,106],{"class":61},[47,42243,2475],{"class":882},[47,42245,106],{"class":61},[47,42247,633],{"class":632},[47,42249,42250],{"class":636},"3.9",[47,42252,633],{"class":632},[47,42254,1978],{"class":61},[20,42256,219],{},[38,42258,42260],{"className":40,"code":42259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,42261,42262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42263,42264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42265,42259],{"class":65},[20,42267,42268,42270],{},[15,42269,3157],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,42272,42274],{"className":40,"code":42273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42275,42276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42277,42278,42280,42282,42284,42286,42288,42290,42292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42279,103],{"class":102},[47,42281,106],{"class":61},[47,42283,2471],{"class":882},[47,42285,106],{"class":61},[47,42287,633],{"class":632},[47,42289,437],{"class":636},[47,42291,633],{"class":632},[47,42293,1978],{"class":61},[20,42295,219],{},[38,42297,42298],{"className":40,"code":2658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42299,42300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42301,42302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42303,2658],{"class":65},[20,42305,42306,42307,42310],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42308,42309],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,42312,42314],{"className":40,"code":42313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42315,42316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42317,42318,42320,42322,42324,42326,42328,42330,42332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42319,103],{"class":102},[47,42321,106],{"class":61},[47,42323,2471],{"class":882},[47,42325,106],{"class":61},[47,42327,633],{"class":632},[47,42329,42250],{"class":636},[47,42331,633],{"class":632},[47,42333,1978],{"class":61},[20,42335,1571,42336,8866,42338,42341],{},[15,42337,40969],{},[15,42339,42340],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42343,10978],{},[138,42345,42346,42352],{},[141,42347,42348,42351],{},[15,42349,42350],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[141,42353,42354,42356],{},[15,42355,42309],{}," fails",[20,42358,42359,42360,42363,42364,42366],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[252,42361,42362],{"href":3154},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[252,42365,2701],{"href":2700}," helpful.",[33,42368,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,42370,42372],{"id":42371},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42374,42375,42376,3158,42378,89],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42377,2772],{},[15,42379,40408],{},[1404,42381,42383],{"id":42382},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42385,42386,42387,3158,42390,89],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42388,42389],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42391,42392],{},"\"10\"",[1404,42394,42396],{"id":42395},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42398,29326,42399,42401,42402,89],{},[15,42400,41795],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42403,40969],{},[1404,42405,42407],{"id":42406},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42409,5414,42410,89],{},[15,42411,4041],{},[1404,42413,42415],{"id":42414},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42417,42418,42419,42421,42422,1233,42425,42421,42427,89],{},"Yes. ",[15,42420,367],{}," becomes ",[15,42423,42424],{},"1.0",[15,42426,294],{},[15,42428,4041],{},[33,42430,2187],{"id":2186},[138,42432,42433,42437,42443,42448,42452,42456],{},[141,42434,42435],{},[252,42436,42362],{"href":3154},[141,42438,42439],{},[252,42440,42442],{"href":42441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[141,42444,42445],{},[252,42446,42447],{"href":41156},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[141,42449,42450],{},[252,42451,9322],{"href":9244},[141,42453,42454],{},[252,42455,41161],{"href":41160},[141,42457,42458],{},[252,42459,42460],{"href":8484},"Python input() Function Explained",[2210,42462,42463],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":42465},[42466,42467,42468,42469,42476,42481,42482,42489,42494,42501,42502,42509],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":40455,"depth":83,"text":40456},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":40680,"depth":83,"text":40681,"children":42470},[42471,42472,42473,42474,42475],{"id":40689,"depth":99,"text":40690},{"id":40753,"depth":99,"text":40754},{"id":40817,"depth":99,"text":40818},{"id":40859,"depth":99,"text":40860},{"id":40914,"depth":99,"text":40915},{"id":40953,"depth":83,"text":40954,"children":42477},[42478,42479,42480],{"id":40962,"depth":99,"text":40963},{"id":41048,"depth":99,"text":41049},{"id":41118,"depth":99,"text":41119},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":41310,"depth":83,"text":41311,"children":42483},[42484,42486,42487,42488],{"id":41314,"depth":99,"text":42485},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41407,"depth":99,"text":41408},{"id":41493,"depth":99,"text":41494},{"id":41555,"depth":99,"text":41556},{"id":41615,"depth":83,"text":41616,"children":42490},[42491,42492,42493],{"id":41624,"depth":99,"text":41625},{"id":41663,"depth":99,"text":41664},{"id":41704,"depth":99,"text":41705},{"id":41769,"depth":83,"text":41770,"children":42495},[42496,42497,42498,42499,42500],{"id":41779,"depth":99,"text":40969},{"id":41845,"depth":99,"text":1574},{"id":41912,"depth":99,"text":41913},{"id":41986,"depth":99,"text":41987},{"id":42113,"depth":99,"text":42114},{"id":42217,"depth":83,"text":42218},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":42503},[42504,42505,42506,42507,42508],{"id":42371,"depth":99,"text":42372},{"id":42382,"depth":99,"text":42383},{"id":42395,"depth":99,"text":42396},{"id":42406,"depth":99,"text":42407},{"id":42414,"depth":99,"text":42415},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40356,"description":42510},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42517,"title":42518,"body":42519,"description":43740,"extension":2248,"meta":43741,"navigation":203,"path":35289,"seo":43742,"stem":43743,"__hash__":43744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42520,"toc":43706},[42521,42524,42529,42532,42534,42573,42587,42591,42596,42599,42616,42619,42629,42644,42647,42649,42652,42668,42671,42674,42694,42698,42709,42712,42716,42720,42734,42769,42773,42784,42819,42822,42824,42832,42865,42881,42883,42893,42914,42925,42927,42932,42935,42949,42951,42970,42973,42986,42989,42993,42997,43011,43014,43032,43035,43050,43054,43059,43073,43079,43081,43138,43140,43173,43176,43192,43196,43203,43207,43212,43215,43226,43230,43235,43250,43259,43264,43283,43286,43298,43300,43305,43315,43318,43347,43352,43361,43365,43370,43373,43377,43382,43384,43414,43417,43424,43429,43434,43438,43441,43449,43452,43530,43533,43555,43557,43561,43564,43568,43574,43637,43641,43649,43653,43656,43658,43683,43703],[10,42522,42518],{"id":42523},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42525,3858,42526,42528],{},[15,42527,35292],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42530,42531],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[33,42533,36],{"id":35},[38,42535,42537],{"className":40,"code":42536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42538,42539,42549,42559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42540,42541,42543,42545,42547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42542,32419],{"class":102},[47,42544,106],{"class":61},[47,42546,969],{"class":102},[47,42548,216],{"class":61},[47,42550,42551,42553,42555,42557],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42552,32419],{"class":102},[47,42554,106],{"class":61},[47,42556,883],{"class":882},[47,42558,216],{"class":61},[47,42560,42561,42563,42565,42567,42569,42571],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,42562,32419],{"class":102},[47,42564,106],{"class":61},[47,42566,699],{"class":632},[47,42568,34926],{"class":636},[47,42570,699],{"class":632},[47,42572,216],{"class":61},[20,42574,118,42575,42577,42578,3158,42580,42582,42583,42586],{},[15,42576,35292],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42579,969],{},[15,42581,883],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42584,42585],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[33,42588,42590],{"id":42589},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42592,42593,42595],{},[15,42594,35292],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42597,42598],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[138,42600,42601,42604,42607,42610,42613],{},[141,42602,42603],{},"Functions",[141,42605,42606],{},"Classes",[141,42608,42609],{},"Methods",[141,42611,42612],{},"Modules",[141,42614,42615],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42617,42618],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42620,42621,42622,42628],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[252,42623,42625],{"href":42624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42626,42627],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,42630,42632],{"className":40,"code":42631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,42633,42634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42635,42636,42638,42640,42642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42637,32419],{"class":102},[47,42639,106],{"class":61},[47,42641,969],{"class":102},[47,42643,216],{"class":61},[20,42645,42646],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[33,42648,259],{"id":258},[20,42650,42651],{},"The main form is:",[38,42653,42655],{"className":40,"code":42654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,42656,42657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42658,42659,42661,42663,42666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42660,32419],{"class":102},[47,42662,106],{"class":61},[47,42664,42665],{"class":882},"object",[47,42667,216],{"class":61},[20,42669,42670],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42672,42673],{},"Common examples include:",[138,42675,42676,42680,42685,42689],{},[141,42677,42678],{},[15,42679,969],{},[141,42681,42682],{},[15,42683,42684],{},"list.append",[141,42686,42687],{},[15,42688,883],{},[141,42690,42691],{},[15,42692,42693],{},"open",[20,42695,7440,42696,7443],{},[15,42697,35292],{},[38,42699,42701],{"className":40,"code":42700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,42702,42703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42704,42705,42707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42706,32419],{"class":102},[47,42708,96],{"class":61},[20,42710,42711],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[33,42713,42715],{"id":42714},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1404,42717,42719],{"id":42718},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42721,42722,42723,2472,42725,2472,42727,17337,42730,89],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42724,969],{},[15,42726,103],{},[15,42728,42729],{},"input",[252,42731,42732],{"href":2581},[15,42733,2584],{},[38,42735,42737],{"className":40,"code":42736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42738,42739,42749,42759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42740,42741,42743,42745,42747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42742,32419],{"class":102},[47,42744,106],{"class":61},[47,42746,103],{"class":102},[47,42748,216],{"class":61},[47,42750,42751,42753,42755,42757],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42752,32419],{"class":102},[47,42754,106],{"class":61},[47,42756,42729],{"class":102},[47,42758,216],{"class":61},[47,42760,42761,42763,42765,42767],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,42762,32419],{"class":102},[47,42764,106],{"class":61},[47,42766,1971],{"class":882},[47,42768,216],{"class":61},[1404,42770,42772],{"id":42771},"data-types","Data types",[20,42774,42775,42776,2472,42778,2472,42780,17337,42782,89],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42777,883],{},[15,42779,8358],{},[15,42781,9085],{},[15,42783,6551],{},[38,42785,42787],{"className":40,"code":42786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42788,42789,42799,42809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42790,42791,42793,42795,42797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42792,32419],{"class":102},[47,42794,106],{"class":61},[47,42796,883],{"class":882},[47,42798,216],{"class":61},[47,42800,42801,42803,42805,42807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42802,32419],{"class":102},[47,42804,106],{"class":61},[47,42806,8358],{"class":882},[47,42808,216],{"class":61},[47,42810,42811,42813,42815,42817],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,42812,32419],{"class":102},[47,42814,106],{"class":61},[47,42816,9085],{"class":882},[47,42818,216],{"class":61},[20,42820,42821],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1404,42823,42609],{"id":34773},[20,42825,42826,42827,1233,42830,89],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42828,42829],{},"str.split",[15,42831,42684],{},[38,42833,42835],{"className":40,"code":42834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42836,42837,42851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42838,42839,42841,42843,42845,42847,42849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42840,32419],{"class":102},[47,42842,106],{"class":61},[47,42844,883],{"class":882},[47,42846,89],{"class":61},[47,42848,34736],{"class":888},[47,42850,216],{"class":61},[47,42852,42853,42855,42857,42859,42861,42863],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42854,32419],{"class":102},[47,42856,106],{"class":61},[47,42858,8358],{"class":882},[47,42860,89],{"class":61},[47,42862,13817],{"class":888},[47,42864,216],{"class":61},[20,42866,42867,42868,8968,42870,28578,42875,42877,42878,42880],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42869,35292],{},[252,42871,42873],{"href":42872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42874,34578],{},[15,42876,34578],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42879,35292],{}," explains one of them.",[1404,42882,42612],{"id":34926},[20,42884,42885,42886,2472,42888,17337,42890,89],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42887,18682],{},[15,42889,35455],{},[15,42891,42892],{},"os",[38,42894,42896],{"className":40,"code":42895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42897,42898,42904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42899,42900,42902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42901,35356],{"class":2027},[47,42903,35359],{"class":53},[47,42905,42906,42908,42910,42912],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,42907,32419],{"class":102},[47,42909,106],{"class":61},[47,42911,18682],{"class":92},[47,42913,216],{"class":61},[20,42915,42916,42917,42921,42922,89],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[252,42918,42920],{"href":42919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[252,42923,35422],{"href":42924},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[33,42926,35183],{"id":35182},[20,42928,42929,42931],{},[15,42930,35292],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42933,42934],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[138,42936,42937,42940,42943,42946],{},[141,42938,42939],{},"The function signature",[141,42941,42942],{},"The short description",[141,42944,42945],{},"Parameter names",[141,42947,42948],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42950,5739],{},[38,42952,42954],{"className":40,"code":42953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42955,42956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42957,42958,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42959,32419],{"class":102},[47,42961,106],{"class":61},[47,42963,883],{"class":882},[47,42965,89],{"class":61},[47,42967,34736],{"class":888},[47,42969,216],{"class":61},[20,42971,42972],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[138,42974,42975,42978,42981,42983],{},[141,42976,42977],{},"What object this is",[141,42979,42980],{},"What arguments it accepts",[141,42982,22236],{},[141,42984,42985],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42987,42988],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[33,42990,42992],{"id":42991},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42994,42995,30139],{},[15,42996,35292],{},[138,42998,42999,43002,43005,43008],{},[141,43000,43001],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[141,43003,43004],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[141,43006,43007],{},"You are exploring a new module",[141,43009,43010],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43012,43013],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,43015,43016],{"className":40,"code":42953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43017,43018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43019,43020,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43021,32419],{"class":102},[47,43023,106],{"class":61},[47,43025,883],{"class":882},[47,43027,89],{"class":61},[47,43029,34736],{"class":888},[47,43031,216],{"class":61},[20,43033,43034],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,43036,43038],{"className":40,"code":43037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,43039,43040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43041,43042,43044,43046,43048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43043,32419],{"class":102},[47,43045,106],{"class":61},[47,43047,42693],{"class":102},[47,43049,216],{"class":61},[33,43051,43053],{"id":43052},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43055,43056,43058],{},[15,43057,35292],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[138,43060,43061,43064,43067,43070],{},[141,43062,43063],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[141,43065,43066],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[141,43068,43069],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[141,43071,43072],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43074,43075,43076,43078],{},"So, ",[15,43077,35292],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43080,5739],{},[38,43082,43084],{"className":40,"code":43083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43085,43086,43099,43123,43127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43087,43088,43090,43092,43094,43097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43089,1600],{"class":53},[47,43091,58],{"class":57},[47,43093,644],{"class":632},[47,43095,43096],{"class":636},"a,b,c",[47,43098,1609],{"class":632},[47,43100,43101,43104,43106,43109,43111,43113,43115,43117,43119,43121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43102,43103],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,43105,58],{"class":57},[47,43107,43108],{"class":53}," text",[47,43110,89],{"class":61},[47,43112,34736],{"class":92},[47,43114,106],{"class":61},[47,43116,633],{"class":632},[47,43118,69],{"class":636},[47,43120,633],{"class":632},[47,43122,216],{"class":61},[47,43124,43125],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,43126,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,43128,43129,43131,43133,43136],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,43130,103],{"class":102},[47,43132,106],{"class":61},[47,43134,43135],{"class":92},"parts",[47,43137,216],{"class":61},[20,43139,5826],{},[38,43141,43143],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43144,43145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43146,43147,43149,43151,43153,43155,43157,43159,43161,43163,43165,43167,43169,43171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43148,229],{"class":61},[47,43150,699],{"class":632},[47,43152,252],{"class":636},[47,43154,699],{"class":632},[47,43156,69],{"class":61},[47,43158,708],{"class":632},[47,43160,5026],{"class":636},[47,43162,699],{"class":632},[47,43164,69],{"class":61},[47,43166,708],{"class":632},[47,43168,10004],{"class":636},[47,43170,699],{"class":632},[47,43172,80],{"class":61},[20,43174,43175],{},"A good workflow is:",[28978,43177,43178,43183,43186,43189],{},[141,43179,118,43180,43182],{},[15,43181,35292],{}," to inspect something",[141,43184,43185],{},"Write a tiny example",[141,43187,43188],{},"Check the result",[141,43190,43191],{},"Repeat",[33,43193,43195],{"id":43194},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43197,43198,1233,43200,43202],{},[15,43199,35292],{},[15,43201,34578],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1404,43204,43205],{"id":32419},[15,43206,35292],{},[20,43208,118,43209,43211],{},[15,43210,35292],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43213,43214],{},"It tells you:",[138,43216,43217,43220,43223],{},[141,43218,43219],{},"What something is",[141,43221,43222],{},"How to use it",[141,43224,43225],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1404,43227,43228],{"id":34639},[15,43229,34578],{},[20,43231,118,43232,43234],{},[15,43233,34578],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,43236,43238],{"className":40,"code":43237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,43239,43240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43241,43242,43244,43246,43248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43243,34639],{"class":102},[47,43245,106],{"class":61},[47,43247,883],{"class":882},[47,43249,216],{"class":61},[20,43251,43252,43253,2472,43255,17337,43257,89],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43254,34736],{},[15,43256,8899],{},[15,43258,889],{},[20,43260,43261,43262,136],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43263,35292],{},[38,43265,43267],{"className":40,"code":43266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43268,43269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43270,43271,43273,43275,43277,43279,43281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43272,32419],{"class":102},[47,43274,106],{"class":61},[47,43276,883],{"class":882},[47,43278,89],{"class":61},[47,43280,889],{"class":888},[47,43282,216],{"class":61},[20,43284,43285],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[138,43287,43288,43293],{},[141,43289,118,43290,43292],{},[15,43291,34578],{}," to discover options",[141,43294,118,43295,43297],{},[15,43296,35292],{}," to understand one option",[33,43299,1397],{"id":1396},[20,43301,43302,43303,89],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43304,35292],{},[1404,43306,8681,43308,43311,43312],{"id":43307},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43309,43310],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43313,43314],{},"help(len)",[20,43316,43317],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,43319,43321],{"className":40,"code":43320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43322,43323,43333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43324,43325,43327,43329,43331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43326,32419],{"class":102},[47,43328,106],{"class":61},[47,43330,969],{"class":102},[47,43332,216],{"class":61},[47,43334,43335,43337,43339,43341,43343,43345],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43336,32419],{"class":102},[47,43338,106],{"class":61},[47,43340,699],{"class":632},[47,43342,969],{"class":636},[47,43344,699],{"class":632},[47,43346,216],{"class":61},[20,43348,43349,43351],{},[15,43350,43314],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43353,43354,43356,43357,43360],{},[15,43355,43310],{}," treats ",[15,43358,43359],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1404,43362,43364],{"id":43363},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43366,43367,43369],{},[15,43368,35292],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43371,43372],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1404,43374,43376],{"id":43375},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43378,40608,43379,43381],{},[15,43380,35292],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43383,318],{},[38,43385,43387],{"className":40,"code":43386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43388,43389,43399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43392,32419],{"class":102},[47,43394,106],{"class":61},[47,43396,969],{"class":102},[47,43398,216],{"class":61},[47,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407,43410,43412],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43402,103],{"class":102},[47,43404,106],{"class":61},[47,43406,633],{"class":632},[47,43408,43409],{"class":636},"Done",[47,43411,633],{"class":632},[47,43413,216],{"class":61},[20,43415,43416],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1404,43418,37468,43420,8968,43422],{"id":43419},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43421,35292],{},[15,43423,34578],{},[20,43425,43426,43427,89],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43428,34578],{},[20,43430,43431,43432,89],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43433,35292],{},[33,43435,43437],{"id":43436},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43439,43440],{},"Open Python:",[38,43442,43443],{"className":40,"code":35808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43444,43445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43446,43447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43448,35808],{"class":53},[20,43450,43451],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,43453,43455],{"className":40,"code":43454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43456,43457,43467,43481,43495,43505,43520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43458,43459,43461,43463,43465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43460,32419],{"class":102},[47,43462,106],{"class":61},[47,43464,969],{"class":102},[47,43466,216],{"class":61},[47,43468,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477,43479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43470,32419],{"class":102},[47,43472,106],{"class":61},[47,43474,883],{"class":882},[47,43476,89],{"class":61},[47,43478,34736],{"class":888},[47,43480,216],{"class":61},[47,43482,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491,43493],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,43484,32419],{"class":102},[47,43486,106],{"class":61},[47,43488,8358],{"class":882},[47,43490,89],{"class":61},[47,43492,13817],{"class":888},[47,43494,216],{"class":61},[47,43496,43497,43499,43501,43503],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,43498,32419],{"class":102},[47,43500,106],{"class":61},[47,43502,42693],{"class":102},[47,43504,216],{"class":61},[47,43506,43507,43509,43511,43513,43516,43518],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,43508,32419],{"class":102},[47,43510,106],{"class":61},[47,43512,699],{"class":632},[47,43514,43515],{"class":636},"keywords",[47,43517,699],{"class":632},[47,43519,216],{"class":61},[47,43521,43522,43524,43526,43528],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,43523,34639],{"class":102},[47,43525,106],{"class":61},[47,43527,883],{"class":882},[47,43529,216],{"class":61},[20,43531,43532],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[138,43534,43535,43538,43541,43544,43547,43550],{},[141,43536,43537],{},"A built-in function",[141,43539,43540],{},"A string method",[141,43542,43543],{},"A list method",[141,43545,43546],{},"A built-in file function",[141,43548,43549],{},"A special help topic",[141,43551,15453,43552,43554],{},[15,43553,34578],{}," example for comparison",[33,43556,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,43558,43560],{"id":43559},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43562,43563],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1404,43565,43567],{"id":43566},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43569,43570,43571,43573],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43572,35292],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,43575,43577],{"className":40,"code":43576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43578,43579,43591,43604,43623,43627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43580,43581,43583,43585,43587,43589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43582,35116],{"class":2348},[47,43584,35120],{"class":35119},[47,43586,106],{"class":61},[47,43588,7932],{"class":37927},[47,43590,8606],{"class":61},[47,43592,43593,43597,43601],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43594,43596],{"class":43595},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43598,43600],{"class":43599},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43602,43603],{"class":43595},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43605,43606,43608,43611,43614,43616,43618,43620],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,43607,35127],{"class":2027},[47,43609,43610],{"class":2348}," f",[47,43612,43613],{"class":636},"\"Hello, ",[47,43615,9542],{"class":65},[47,43617,7932],{"class":53},[47,43619,22569],{"class":65},[47,43621,43622],{"class":636},"!\"\n",[47,43624,43625],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,43626,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,43628,43629,43631,43633,43635],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,43630,32419],{"class":102},[47,43632,106],{"class":61},[47,43634,35162],{"class":92},[47,43636,216],{"class":61},[1404,43638,43640],{"id":43639},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43642,43643,43645,43646,43648],{},[15,43644,43314],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43647,43310],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1404,43650,43652],{"id":43651},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43654,43655],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[33,43657,2187],{"id":2186},[138,43659,43660,43665,43669,43674,43679],{},[141,43661,43662],{},[252,43663,43664],{"href":42872},"Python dir() function explained",[141,43666,43667],{},[252,43668,8706],{"href":2581},[141,43670,43671],{},[252,43672,43673],{"href":42624},"Python len() function explained",[141,43675,43676],{},[252,43677,43678],{"href":42919},"How import works in Python",[141,43680,43681],{},[252,43682,35422],{"href":42924},[20,43684,43685,43686,43688,43689,2472,43691,17337,43693,43695,43696,3158,43699,43702],{},"Try ",[15,43687,35292],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43690,969],{},[15,43692,103],{},[15,43694,42729],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43697,43698],{},"dir(str)",[15,43700,43701],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2210,43704,43705],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":43707},[43708,43709,43710,43711,43717,43718,43719,43720,43724,43732,43733,43739],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":42589,"depth":83,"text":42590},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":42714,"depth":83,"text":42715,"children":43712},[43713,43714,43715,43716],{"id":42718,"depth":99,"text":42719},{"id":42771,"depth":99,"text":42772},{"id":34773,"depth":99,"text":42609},{"id":34926,"depth":99,"text":42612},{"id":35182,"depth":83,"text":35183},{"id":42991,"depth":83,"text":42992},{"id":43052,"depth":83,"text":43053},{"id":43194,"depth":83,"text":43195,"children":43721},[43722,43723],{"id":32419,"depth":99,"text":35292},{"id":34639,"depth":99,"text":34578},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":43725},[43726,43728,43729,43730],{"id":43307,"depth":99,"text":43727},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43363,"depth":99,"text":43364},{"id":43375,"depth":99,"text":43376},{"id":43419,"depth":99,"text":43731},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43436,"depth":83,"text":43437},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":43734},[43735,43736,43737,43738],{"id":43559,"depth":99,"text":43560},{"id":43566,"depth":99,"text":43567},{"id":43639,"depth":99,"text":43640},{"id":43651,"depth":99,"text":43652},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42518,"description":43740},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43746,"title":43747,"body":43748,"description":45110,"extension":2248,"meta":45111,"navigation":203,"path":45112,"seo":45113,"stem":45114,"__hash__":45115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43749,"toc":45083},[43750,43756,43761,43767,43777,43836,43846,43857,43862,43868,43870,43888,43896,43898,43900,43915,43918,43929,43931,44022,44025,44029,44034,44055,44057,44168,44170,44197,44208,44212,44215,44298,44300,44308,44314,44320,44324,44327,44437,44439,44452,44455,44469,44477,44484,44489,44503,44509,44622,44624,44685,44688,44694,44700,44703,44725,44728,44798,44801,44833,44840,44842,44845,44863,44866,44878,44884,44886,44891,44917,44920,44992,44994,45000,45003,45009,45012,45018,45028,45034,45037,45044,45047,45049,45080],[10,43751,1386,43753,3855],{"id":43752},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43754,43755],{},"id()",[20,43757,32584,43758,43760],{},[15,43759,43755],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43762,43763,43764,43766],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43765,43755],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43768,118,43769,43771,43772,43774,43775,89],{},[15,43770,43755],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[4015,43773,4896],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43776,4954],{},[38,43778,43780],{"className":40,"code":43779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43781,43782,43794,43808,43812,43822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43783,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43785,8140],{"class":53},[47,43787,58],{"class":57},[47,43789,644],{"class":632},[47,43791,7561],{"class":636},[47,43793,1609],{"class":632},[47,43795,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804,43806],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43797,103],{"class":102},[47,43799,106],{"class":61},[47,43801,12912],{"class":102},[47,43803,106],{"class":61},[47,43805,7932],{"class":92},[47,43807,1978],{"class":61},[47,43809,43810],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,43811,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,43813,43814,43817,43819],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,43815,43816],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43818,58],{"class":57},[47,43820,43821],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43823,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,43825,103],{"class":102},[47,43827,106],{"class":61},[47,43829,12912],{"class":102},[47,43831,106],{"class":61},[47,43833,31009],{"class":92},[47,43835,1978],{"class":61},[20,43837,43838,43839,43842,43843,43845],{},"In this example, ",[15,43840,43841],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43844,43755],{}," values match.",[43847,43848,43849],"blockquote",{},[20,43850,118,43851,43853,43854,43856],{},[15,43852,43755],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43855,4954],{}," for value comparison.",[33,43858,128,43860,131],{"id":43859},"what-id-does",[15,43861,43755],{},[20,43863,43864,43867],{},[15,43865,43866],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43869,13315],{},[138,43871,43872,43875,43882,43885],{},[141,43873,43874],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[141,43876,43877,43878,43881],{},"It shows ",[4015,43879,43880],{},"object identity",", not object value",[141,43883,43884],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[141,43886,43887],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43889,43890,43891,43895],{},"This is closely related to how ",[252,43892,43894],{"href":43893},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[33,43897,259],{"id":258},[20,43899,5701],{},[38,43901,43903],{"className":40,"code":43902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,43904,43905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43906,43907,43909,43911,43913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43908,12912],{"class":102},[47,43910,106],{"class":61},[47,43912,42665],{"class":882},[47,43914,216],{"class":61},[20,43916,43917],{},"Important details:",[138,43919,43920,43923,43926],{},[141,43921,43922],{},"It takes one argument",[141,43924,43925],{},"It returns an integer",[141,43927,43928],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43930,318],{},[38,43932,43934],{"className":40,"code":43933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43935,43936,43948,43956,43976,43980,43994,44008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43937,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43939,1600],{"class":53},[47,43941,58],{"class":57},[47,43943,644],{"class":632},[47,43945,4118],{"class":636},[47,43947,1609],{"class":632},[47,43949,43950,43952,43954],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,43951,2500],{"class":53},[47,43953,58],{"class":57},[47,43955,3049],{"class":65},[47,43957,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,43959,1536],{"class":53},[47,43961,58],{"class":57},[47,43963,62],{"class":61},[47,43965,232],{"class":65},[47,43967,69],{"class":61},[47,43969,77],{"class":65},[47,43971,69],{"class":61},[47,43973,442],{"class":65},[47,43975,80],{"class":61},[47,43977,43978],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,43979,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,43981,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,43983,103],{"class":102},[47,43985,106],{"class":61},[47,43987,12912],{"class":102},[47,43989,106],{"class":61},[47,43991,1614],{"class":92},[47,43993,1978],{"class":61},[47,43995,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,43997,103],{"class":102},[47,43999,106],{"class":61},[47,44001,12912],{"class":102},[47,44003,106],{"class":61},[47,44005,2522],{"class":92},[47,44007,1978],{"class":61},[47,44009,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,44011,103],{"class":102},[47,44013,106],{"class":61},[47,44015,12912],{"class":102},[47,44017,106],{"class":61},[47,44019,1562],{"class":92},[47,44021,1978],{"class":61},[20,44023,44024],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[33,44026,44028],{"id":44027},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44030,44031,44032,89],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44033,43755],{},[138,44035,44036,44043,44050],{},[141,44037,44038,44040,44041],{},[15,44039,4954],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[4015,44042,2753],{},[141,44044,44045,44047,44048],{},[15,44046,12457],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[4015,44049,42665],{},[141,44051,44052,44054],{},[15,44053,43755],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44056,318],{},[38,44058,44060],{"className":40,"code":44059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44061,44062,44082,44102,44106,44123,44140,44154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44065,2834],{"class":53},[47,44067,58],{"class":57},[47,44069,62],{"class":61},[47,44071,232],{"class":65},[47,44073,69],{"class":61},[47,44075,77],{"class":65},[47,44077,69],{"class":61},[47,44079,442],{"class":65},[47,44081,80],{"class":61},[47,44083,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098,44100],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44085,2862],{"class":53},[47,44087,58],{"class":57},[47,44089,62],{"class":61},[47,44091,232],{"class":65},[47,44093,69],{"class":61},[47,44095,77],{"class":65},[47,44097,69],{"class":61},[47,44099,442],{"class":65},[47,44101,80],{"class":61},[47,44103,44104],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44105,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44107,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44109,103],{"class":102},[47,44111,106],{"class":61},[47,44113,2834],{"class":92},[47,44115,4954],{"class":57},[47,44117,2839],{"class":92},[47,44119,111],{"class":61},[47,44121,44122],{"class":114},"   # True\n",[47,44124,44125,44127,44129,44131,44133,44135,44137],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44126,103],{"class":102},[47,44128,106],{"class":61},[47,44130,2834],{"class":92},[47,44132,12457],{"class":2027},[47,44134,2839],{"class":92},[47,44136,111],{"class":61},[47,44138,44139],{"class":114},"   # False\n",[47,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,44143,103],{"class":102},[47,44145,106],{"class":61},[47,44147,12912],{"class":102},[47,44149,106],{"class":61},[47,44151,252],{"class":92},[47,44153,1978],{"class":61},[47,44155,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,44157,103],{"class":102},[47,44159,106],{"class":61},[47,44161,12912],{"class":102},[47,44163,106],{"class":61},[47,44165,5026],{"class":92},[47,44167,1978],{"class":61},[20,44169,2461],{},[138,44171,44172,44180,44188],{},[141,44173,44174,5049,44177,44179],{},[15,44175,44176],{},"a == b",[15,44178,367],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[141,44181,44182,5049,44185,44187],{},[15,44183,44184],{},"a is b",[15,44186,294],{}," because they are different list objects",[141,44189,44190,1233,44193,44196],{},[15,44191,44192],{},"id(a)",[15,44194,44195],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44198,44199,44200,1233,44204,89],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[252,44201,44203],{"href":44202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[252,44205,44207],{"href":44206},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[33,44209,44211],{"id":44210},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44213,44214],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,44216,44218],{"className":40,"code":44217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44219,44220,44240,44250,44254,44268,44283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44221,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236,44238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44223,54],{"class":53},[47,44225,58],{"class":57},[47,44227,62],{"class":61},[47,44229,437],{"class":65},[47,44231,69],{"class":61},[47,44233,8054],{"class":65},[47,44235,69],{"class":61},[47,44237,8059],{"class":65},[47,44239,80],{"class":61},[47,44241,44242,44245,44247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44243,44244],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,44246,58],{"class":57},[47,44248,44249],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,44251,44252],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44253,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44255,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264,44266],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44257,103],{"class":102},[47,44259,106],{"class":61},[47,44261,12912],{"class":102},[47,44263,106],{"class":61},[47,44265,86],{"class":92},[47,44267,1978],{"class":61},[47,44269,44270,44272,44274,44276,44278,44281],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44271,103],{"class":102},[47,44273,106],{"class":61},[47,44275,12912],{"class":102},[47,44277,106],{"class":61},[47,44279,44280],{"class":92},"other_numbers",[47,44282,1978],{"class":61},[47,44284,44285,44287,44289,44291,44293,44296],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,44286,103],{"class":102},[47,44288,106],{"class":61},[47,44290,54],{"class":92},[47,44292,12457],{"class":2027},[47,44294,44295],{"class":92}," other_numbers",[47,44297,216],{"class":61},[20,44299,5826],{},[38,44301,44302],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,44303,44304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44305,44306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44307,4249],{"class":284},[20,44309,44310,44311,44313],{},"The two ",[15,44312,43755],{}," values will also match.",[20,44315,22455,44316,44319],{},[15,44317,44318],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[33,44321,44323],{"id":44322},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44325,44326],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,44328,44330],{"className":40,"code":44329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44331,44332,44353,44374,44378,44393,44407,44422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44333,44334,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44335,44336],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,44338,58],{"class":57},[47,44340,62],{"class":61},[47,44342,232],{"class":65},[47,44344,69],{"class":61},[47,44346,77],{"class":65},[47,44348,69],{"class":61},[47,44350,442],{"class":65},[47,44352,80],{"class":61},[47,44354,44355,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370,44372],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44356,44357],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,44359,58],{"class":57},[47,44361,62],{"class":61},[47,44363,232],{"class":65},[47,44365,69],{"class":61},[47,44367,77],{"class":65},[47,44369,69],{"class":61},[47,44371,442],{"class":65},[47,44373,80],{"class":61},[47,44375,44376],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44377,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44379,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388,44391],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44381,103],{"class":102},[47,44383,106],{"class":61},[47,44385,44336],{"class":92},[47,44387,4954],{"class":57},[47,44389,44390],{"class":92}," list_b",[47,44392,216],{"class":61},[47,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44396,103],{"class":102},[47,44398,106],{"class":61},[47,44400,44336],{"class":92},[47,44402,12457],{"class":2027},[47,44404,44390],{"class":92},[47,44406,216],{"class":61},[47,44408,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417,44420],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,44410,103],{"class":102},[47,44412,106],{"class":61},[47,44414,12912],{"class":102},[47,44416,106],{"class":61},[47,44418,44419],{"class":92},"list_a",[47,44421,1978],{"class":61},[47,44423,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44435],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,44425,103],{"class":102},[47,44427,106],{"class":61},[47,44429,12912],{"class":102},[47,44431,106],{"class":61},[47,44433,44434],{"class":92},"list_b",[47,44436,1978],{"class":61},[20,44438,5826],{},[38,44440,44442],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44443,44444,44448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44445,44446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44447,4249],{"class":284},[47,44449,44450],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44451,4310],{"class":284},[20,44453,44454],{},"What this means:",[138,44456,44457,44460,44463],{},[141,44458,44459],{},"The lists are equal in value",[141,44461,44462],{},"They are not the same object",[141,44464,44465,44466,44468],{},"Their ",[15,44467,43755],{}," values are usually different",[20,44470,44471,44472,44474,44475,89],{},"This is why ",[15,44473,43755],{}," should not replace ",[15,44476,4954],{},[33,44478,44480,44481,44483],{"id":44479},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44482,43755],{}," is useful",[20,44485,44486,44488],{},[15,44487,43755],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[138,44490,44491,44494,44497,44500],{},[141,44492,44493],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[141,44495,44496],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[141,44498,44499],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[141,44501,44502],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44504,44505,44506,44508],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44507,43755],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,44510,44512],{"className":40,"code":44511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44513,44514,44538,44547,44551,44570,44574,44584,44594,44608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44515,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44517,12349],{"class":53},[47,44519,58],{"class":57},[47,44521,62],{"class":61},[47,44523,633],{"class":632},[47,44525,252],{"class":636},[47,44527,633],{"class":632},[47,44529,69],{"class":61},[47,44531,644],{"class":632},[47,44533,5026],{"class":636},[47,44535,633],{"class":632},[47,44537,80],{"class":61},[47,44539,44540,44543,44545],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44541,44542],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44544,58],{"class":57},[47,44546,12387],{"class":53},[47,44548,44549],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44550,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44552,44553,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44554,44555],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44557,89],{"class":61},[47,44559,13817],{"class":92},[47,44561,106],{"class":61},[47,44563,633],{"class":632},[47,44565,10004],{"class":636},[47,44567,633],{"class":632},[47,44569,216],{"class":61},[47,44571,44572],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44573,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44575,44576,44578,44580,44582],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,44577,103],{"class":102},[47,44579,106],{"class":61},[47,44581,12396],{"class":92},[47,44583,216],{"class":61},[47,44585,44586,44588,44590,44592],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,44587,103],{"class":102},[47,44589,106],{"class":61},[47,44591,44555],{"class":92},[47,44593,216],{"class":61},[47,44595,44596,44598,44600,44602,44604,44606],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,44597,103],{"class":102},[47,44599,106],{"class":61},[47,44601,12912],{"class":102},[47,44603,106],{"class":61},[47,44605,12396],{"class":92},[47,44607,1978],{"class":61},[47,44609,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618,44620],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,44611,103],{"class":102},[47,44613,106],{"class":61},[47,44615,12912],{"class":102},[47,44617,106],{"class":61},[47,44619,44555],{"class":92},[47,44621,1978],{"class":61},[20,44623,5826],{},[38,44625,44627],{"className":40,"code":44626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44628,44629,44657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44630,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651,44653,44655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44632,229],{"class":61},[47,44634,699],{"class":632},[47,44636,252],{"class":636},[47,44638,699],{"class":632},[47,44640,69],{"class":61},[47,44642,708],{"class":632},[47,44644,5026],{"class":636},[47,44646,699],{"class":632},[47,44648,69],{"class":61},[47,44650,708],{"class":632},[47,44652,10004],{"class":636},[47,44654,699],{"class":632},[47,44656,80],{"class":61},[47,44658,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44660,229],{"class":61},[47,44662,699],{"class":632},[47,44664,252],{"class":636},[47,44666,699],{"class":632},[47,44668,69],{"class":61},[47,44670,708],{"class":632},[47,44672,5026],{"class":636},[47,44674,699],{"class":632},[47,44676,69],{"class":61},[47,44678,708],{"class":632},[47,44680,10004],{"class":636},[47,44682,699],{"class":632},[47,44684,80],{"class":61},[20,44686,44687],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[33,44689,44691,44692],{"id":44690},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44693,43755],{},[20,44695,44696,44697,44699],{},"Do not use ",[15,44698,43755],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44701,44702],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[138,44704,44705,44711,44717,44720],{},[141,44706,44707,44708,44710],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44709,4954],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[141,44712,44713,44714,44716],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44715,43755],{}," values across program runs",[141,44718,44719],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[141,44721,44722,44723],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44724,43755],{},[20,44726,44727],{},"Bad example:",[38,44729,44731],{"className":40,"code":44730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44732,44733,44745,44757,44761,44783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44734,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44736,2834],{"class":53},[47,44738,58],{"class":57},[47,44740,644],{"class":632},[47,44742,37311],{"class":636},[47,44744,1609],{"class":632},[47,44746,44747,44749,44751,44753,44755],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44748,2862],{"class":53},[47,44750,58],{"class":57},[47,44752,644],{"class":632},[47,44754,37311],{"class":636},[47,44756,1609],{"class":632},[47,44758,44759],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44760,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,44762,44763,44765,44767,44769,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779,44781],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44764,7262],{"class":2027},[47,44766,15081],{"class":102},[47,44768,106],{"class":61},[47,44770,252],{"class":92},[47,44772,111],{"class":61},[47,44774,6672],{"class":57},[47,44776,15081],{"class":102},[47,44778,106],{"class":61},[47,44780,5026],{"class":92},[47,44782,8606],{"class":61},[47,44784,44785,44787,44789,44791,44794,44796],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44786,8333],{"class":102},[47,44788,106],{"class":61},[47,44790,633],{"class":632},[47,44792,44793],{"class":636},"The values are equal",[47,44795,633],{"class":632},[47,44797,216],{"class":61},[20,44799,44800],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,44802,44804],{"className":40,"code":44803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44805,44806,44819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44807,44808,44810,44813,44815,44817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44809,7262],{"class":2027},[47,44811,44812],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44814,4954],{"class":57},[47,44816,2839],{"class":53},[47,44818,6657],{"class":61},[47,44820,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829,44831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44822,8333],{"class":102},[47,44824,106],{"class":61},[47,44826,633],{"class":632},[47,44828,44793],{"class":636},[47,44830,633],{"class":632},[47,44832,216],{"class":61},[20,44834,118,44835,3158,44837,44839],{},[15,44836,12457],{},[15,44838,43755],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[33,44841,21066],{"id":21065},[20,44843,44844],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[138,44846,44847,44850,44853,44858],{},[141,44848,44849],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[141,44851,44852],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[141,44854,44855,44856],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44857,43755],{},[141,44859,44860,44861],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44862,43755],{},[20,44864,44865],{},"The important rule is:",[138,44867,44868,44873],{},[141,44869,118,44870,44872],{},[15,44871,4954],{}," to check value",[141,44874,118,44875,44877],{},[15,44876,12457],{}," to check identity",[20,44879,44880,44881,44883],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44882,43755],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[33,44885,1397],{"id":1396},[20,44887,44888,44889,136],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44890,43755],{},[138,44892,44893,44901,44904,44907,44912],{},[141,44894,8681,44895,44897,44898,44900],{},[15,44896,43755],{}," when ",[15,44899,4954],{}," should be used",[141,44902,44903],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[141,44905,44906],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[141,44908,44909,44910],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44911,43755],{},[141,44913,8681,44914,44916],{},[15,44915,43755],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44918,44919],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,44921,44923],{"className":40,"code":44922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44924,44925,44940,44954,44968,44982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44926,44927,44929,44931,44933,44935,44938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44928,103],{"class":102},[47,44930,106],{"class":61},[47,44932,12912],{"class":102},[47,44934,106],{"class":61},[47,44936,44937],{"class":92},"my_object",[47,44939,1978],{"class":61},[47,44941,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,44943,103],{"class":102},[47,44945,106],{"class":61},[47,44947,2834],{"class":92},[47,44949,4954],{"class":57},[47,44951,2839],{"class":92},[47,44953,216],{"class":61},[47,44955,44956,44958,44960,44962,44964,44966],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,44957,103],{"class":102},[47,44959,106],{"class":61},[47,44961,2834],{"class":92},[47,44963,12457],{"class":2027},[47,44965,2839],{"class":92},[47,44967,216],{"class":61},[47,44969,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,44971,103],{"class":102},[47,44973,106],{"class":61},[47,44975,1971],{"class":882},[47,44977,106],{"class":61},[47,44979,44937],{"class":92},[47,44981,1978],{"class":61},[47,44983,44984,44986,44988,44990],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,44985,32419],{"class":102},[47,44987,106],{"class":61},[47,44989,12912],{"class":102},[47,44991,216],{"class":61},[33,44993,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,44995,44997,44998,12978],{"id":44996},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44999,43755],{},[20,45001,45002],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1404,45004,15167,45006,45008],{"id":45005},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45007,43755],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45010,45011],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1404,45013,21686,45015,45017],{"id":45014},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45016,43755],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45019,30536,45020,45022,45023,3158,45025,45027],{},[15,45021,4954],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45024,43755],{},[15,45026,12457],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1404,45029,45031,45032,2099],{"id":45030},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45033,43755],{},[20,45035,45036],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1404,45038,45040,45041,45043],{"id":45039},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45042,43755],{}," values?",[20,45045,45046],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[33,45048,2187],{"id":2186},[138,45050,45051,45056,45061,45066,45074],{},[141,45052,45053],{},[252,45054,45055],{"href":43893},"Python variables explained for beginners",[141,45057,45058],{},[252,45059,45060],{"href":44202},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[141,45062,45063],{},[252,45064,45065],{"href":44206},"Python data types overview",[141,45067,45068],{},[252,45069,1386,45071,3785],{"href":45070},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45072,45073],{},"isinstance()",[141,45075,45076],{},[252,45077,45079],{"href":45078},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2210,45081,45082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":45084},[45085,45087,45088,45089,45090,45091,45093,45095,45096,45097,45109],{"id":43859,"depth":83,"text":45086},"What id() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":44027,"depth":83,"text":44028},{"id":44210,"depth":83,"text":44211},{"id":44322,"depth":83,"text":44323},{"id":44479,"depth":83,"text":45092},"When id() is useful",{"id":44690,"depth":83,"text":45094},"When not to use id()",{"id":21065,"depth":83,"text":21066},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":45098},[45099,45101,45103,45105,45107],{"id":44996,"depth":99,"text":45100},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45005,"depth":99,"text":45102},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45014,"depth":99,"text":45104},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45030,"depth":99,"text":45106},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45039,"depth":99,"text":45108},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43747,"description":45110},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45117,"title":42460,"body":45118,"description":46758,"extension":2248,"meta":46759,"navigation":203,"path":46760,"seo":46761,"stem":46762,"__hash__":46763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45119,"toc":46724},[45120,45125,45130,45133,45135,45178,45183,45186,45191,45196,45199,45215,45217,45261,45263,45290,45292,45307,45309,45311,45313,45329,45331,45343,45346,45380,45383,45408,45413,45415,45420,45424,45427,45429,45477,45479,45512,45518,45529,45531,45583,45585,45616,45618,45622,45626,45669,45675,45681,45733,45741,45746,45750,45841,45843,45876,45879,45881,45941,45943,45969,45979,45981,45985,45990,45995,45997,46034,46036,46055,46058,46062,46065,46121,46133,46142,46144,46171,46179,46186,46190,46193,46230,46233,46239,46276,46278,46282,46288,46306,46311,46359,46363,46452,46455,46462,46464,46466,46471,46489,46491,46534,46540,46557,46559,46621,46623,46625,46631,46639,46645,46651,46660,46670,46674,46682,46684,46686,46721],[10,45121,1386,45123,3855],{"id":45122},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45124,3238],{},[20,45126,956,45127,45129],{},[15,45128,3238],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45131,45132],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[33,45134,36],{"id":35},[38,45136,45138],{"className":40,"code":45137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45139,45140,45159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45141,45142,45144,45146,45148,45150,45152,45155,45157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45143,8140],{"class":53},[47,45145,58],{"class":57},[47,45147,8507],{"class":102},[47,45149,106],{"class":61},[47,45151,633],{"class":632},[47,45153,45154],{"class":636},"Enter your name: ",[47,45156,633],{"class":632},[47,45158,216],{"class":61},[47,45160,45161,45163,45165,45167,45170,45172,45174,45176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45162,103],{"class":102},[47,45164,106],{"class":61},[47,45166,633],{"class":632},[47,45168,45169],{"class":636},"Hello, ",[47,45171,633],{"class":632},[47,45173,2735],{"class":57},[47,45175,36258],{"class":92},[47,45177,216],{"class":61},[20,45179,118,45180,45182],{},[15,45181,3238],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45184,45185],"hr",{},[33,45187,128,45189,131],{"id":45188},"what-input-does",[15,45190,3238],{},[20,45192,45193,45195],{},[15,45194,3238],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45197,45198],{},"Here is what happens:",[138,45200,45201,45206,45209,45212],{},[141,45202,45203,45205],{},[15,45204,3238],{}," waits for the user to type",[141,45207,45208],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[141,45210,45211],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[141,45213,45214],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45216,318],{},[38,45218,45220],{"className":40,"code":45219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45221,45222,45242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45223,45224,45227,45229,45231,45233,45235,45238,45240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45225,45226],{"class":53},"color ",[47,45228,58],{"class":57},[47,45230,8507],{"class":102},[47,45232,106],{"class":61},[47,45234,633],{"class":632},[47,45236,45237],{"class":636},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,45239,633],{"class":632},[47,45241,216],{"class":61},[47,45243,45244,45246,45248,45250,45253,45255,45257,45259],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45245,103],{"class":102},[47,45247,106],{"class":61},[47,45249,633],{"class":632},[47,45251,45252],{"class":636},"Your favorite color is",[47,45254,633],{"class":632},[47,45256,69],{"class":61},[47,45258,36117],{"class":92},[47,45260,216],{"class":61},[20,45262,30295],{},[38,45264,45266],{"className":40,"code":45265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45267,45268,45281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45269,45270,45272,45274,45277,45279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45271,128],{"class":53},[47,45273,12457],{"class":57},[47,45275,45276],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,45278,2099],{"class":37631},[47,45280,36147],{"class":53},[47,45282,45283,45286,45288],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45284,45285],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,45287,12457],{"class":57},[47,45289,36147],{"class":53},[20,45291,20222],{},[138,45293,45294,45299,45304],{},[141,45295,45296,45297],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45298,45237],{},[141,45300,45301,45302],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45303,33158],{},[141,45305,45306],{},"That value is then printed",[45184,45308],{},[33,45310,259],{"id":258},[20,45312,7482],{},[38,45314,45316],{"className":40,"code":45315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45317,45318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45319,45320,45322,45324,45327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45321,42729],{"class":102},[47,45323,106],{"class":61},[47,45325,45326],{"class":92},"prompt",[47,45328,216],{"class":61},[20,45330,11722],{},[138,45332,45333,45337,45340],{},[141,45334,956,45335,20304],{},[15,45336,45326],{},[141,45338,45339],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[141,45341,45342],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45344,45345],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,45347,45349],{"className":40,"code":45348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45350,45351,45370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45352,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45366,45368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45354,8225],{"class":53},[47,45356,58],{"class":57},[47,45358,8507],{"class":102},[47,45360,106],{"class":61},[47,45362,633],{"class":632},[47,45364,45365],{"class":636},"Enter your username: ",[47,45367,633],{"class":632},[47,45369,216],{"class":61},[47,45371,45372,45374,45376,45378],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45373,103],{"class":102},[47,45375,106],{"class":61},[47,45377,8249],{"class":92},[47,45379,216],{"class":61},[20,45381,45382],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,45384,45386],{"className":40,"code":45385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45387,45388,45398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45389,45390,45392,45394,45396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45391,2728],{"class":53},[47,45393,58],{"class":57},[47,45395,8507],{"class":102},[47,45397,96],{"class":61},[47,45399,45400,45402,45404,45406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45401,103],{"class":102},[47,45403,106],{"class":61},[47,45405,2753],{"class":92},[47,45407,216],{"class":61},[20,45409,8027,45410,45412],{},[15,45411,3238],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45184,45414],{},[33,45416,128,45418,11970],{"id":45417},"what-input-returns",[15,45419,3238],{},[20,45421,45422,8490],{},[15,45423,3238],{},[20,45425,45426],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45428,318],{},[38,45430,45432],{"className":40,"code":45431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45433,45434,45453,45463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45435,45436,45438,45440,45442,45444,45446,45449,45451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45437,21894],{"class":53},[47,45439,58],{"class":57},[47,45441,8507],{"class":102},[47,45443,106],{"class":61},[47,45445,633],{"class":632},[47,45447,45448],{"class":636},"Enter your age: ",[47,45450,633],{"class":632},[47,45452,216],{"class":61},[47,45454,45455,45457,45459,45461],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45456,103],{"class":102},[47,45458,106],{"class":61},[47,45460,9563],{"class":92},[47,45462,216],{"class":61},[47,45464,45465,45467,45469,45471,45473,45475],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45466,103],{"class":102},[47,45468,106],{"class":61},[47,45470,1971],{"class":882},[47,45472,106],{"class":61},[47,45474,9563],{"class":92},[47,45476,1978],{"class":61},[20,45478,30295],{},[38,45480,45482],{"className":40,"code":45481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45483,45484,45494,45498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45485,45486,45489,45491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45487,45488],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45490,136],{"class":61},[47,45492,45493],{"class":65}," 25\n",[47,45495,45496],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45497,2989],{"class":65},[47,45499,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45501,3568],{"class":57},[47,45503,3571],{"class":2348},[47,45505,708],{"class":632},[47,45507,883],{"class":636},[47,45509,699],{"class":632},[47,45511,3580],{"class":57},[20,45513,45514,45515,45517],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45516,9457],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45519,45520,45521,3158,45525,89],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[252,45522,45523],{"href":3154},[15,45524,3157],{},[252,45526,45527],{"href":3161},[15,45528,3164],{},[20,45530,318],{},[38,45532,45534],{"className":40,"code":45533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45535,45536,45559,45569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45537,45538,45540,45542,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45539,21894],{"class":53},[47,45541,58],{"class":57},[47,45543,45544],{"class":882}," int",[47,45546,106],{"class":61},[47,45548,42729],{"class":102},[47,45550,106],{"class":61},[47,45552,633],{"class":632},[47,45554,45448],{"class":636},[47,45556,633],{"class":632},[47,45558,1978],{"class":61},[47,45560,45561,45563,45565,45567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45562,103],{"class":102},[47,45564,106],{"class":61},[47,45566,9563],{"class":92},[47,45568,216],{"class":61},[47,45570,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45572,103],{"class":102},[47,45574,106],{"class":61},[47,45576,1971],{"class":882},[47,45578,106],{"class":61},[47,45580,9563],{"class":92},[47,45582,1978],{"class":61},[20,45584,30295],{},[38,45586,45588],{"className":40,"code":45587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45589,45590,45598,45602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45591,45592,45594,45596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45593,45488],{"class":53},[47,45595,136],{"class":61},[47,45597,45493],{"class":65},[47,45599,45600],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45601,2989],{"class":65},[47,45603,45604,45606,45608,45610,45612,45614],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45605,3568],{"class":57},[47,45607,3571],{"class":2348},[47,45609,708],{"class":632},[47,45611,2471],{"class":636},[47,45613,699],{"class":632},[47,45615,3580],{"class":57},[45184,45617],{},[33,45619,45621],{"id":45620},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1404,45623,45625],{"id":45624},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,45627,45629],{"className":40,"code":45628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45630,45631,45650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45632,45633,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45646,45648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45634,8140],{"class":53},[47,45636,58],{"class":57},[47,45638,8507],{"class":102},[47,45640,106],{"class":61},[47,45642,633],{"class":632},[47,45644,45645],{"class":636},"What is your name? ",[47,45647,633],{"class":632},[47,45649,216],{"class":61},[47,45651,45652,45654,45656,45658,45661,45663,45665,45667],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45653,103],{"class":102},[47,45655,106],{"class":61},[47,45657,633],{"class":632},[47,45659,45660],{"class":636},"Hello,",[47,45662,633],{"class":632},[47,45664,69],{"class":61},[47,45666,36258],{"class":92},[47,45668,216],{"class":61},[20,45670,45671,45672,45674],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45673,7932],{}," and prints it.",[1404,45676,45678,45679],{"id":45677},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45680,3157],{},[38,45682,45684],{"className":40,"code":45683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45685,45686,45709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45687,45688,45690,45692,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45705,45707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45689,21894],{"class":53},[47,45691,58],{"class":57},[47,45693,45544],{"class":882},[47,45695,106],{"class":61},[47,45697,42729],{"class":102},[47,45699,106],{"class":61},[47,45701,633],{"class":632},[47,45703,45704],{"class":636},"How old are you? ",[47,45706,633],{"class":632},[47,45708,1978],{"class":61},[47,45710,45711,45713,45715,45717,45720,45722,45724,45727,45729,45731],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45712,103],{"class":102},[47,45714,106],{"class":61},[47,45716,633],{"class":632},[47,45718,45719],{"class":636},"Next year you will be",[47,45721,633],{"class":632},[47,45723,69],{"class":61},[47,45725,45726],{"class":92}," age ",[47,45728,2343],{"class":57},[47,45730,72],{"class":65},[47,45732,216],{"class":61},[20,45734,6324,45735,45737,45738,45740],{},[15,45736,3157],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45739,3238],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45742,45743,45744,89],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[252,45745,9245],{"href":9244},[1404,45747,45749],{"id":45748},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,45751,45753],{"className":40,"code":45752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45754,45755,45779,45803,45817,45821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45756,45757,45760,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45775,45777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45758,45759],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45761,58],{"class":57},[47,45763,45544],{"class":882},[47,45765,106],{"class":61},[47,45767,42729],{"class":102},[47,45769,106],{"class":61},[47,45771,633],{"class":632},[47,45773,45774],{"class":636},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45776,633],{"class":632},[47,45778,1978],{"class":61},[47,45780,45781,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796,45799,45801],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45782,45783],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45785,58],{"class":57},[47,45787,45544],{"class":882},[47,45789,106],{"class":61},[47,45791,42729],{"class":102},[47,45793,106],{"class":61},[47,45795,633],{"class":632},[47,45797,45798],{"class":636},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45800,633],{"class":632},[47,45802,1978],{"class":61},[47,45804,45805,45807,45809,45812,45814],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45806,41448],{"class":53},[47,45808,58],{"class":57},[47,45810,45811],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45813,2343],{"class":57},[47,45815,45816],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45818,45819],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,45820,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,45822,45823,45825,45827,45829,45832,45834,45836,45839],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,45824,103],{"class":102},[47,45826,106],{"class":61},[47,45828,633],{"class":632},[47,45830,45831],{"class":636},"Total:",[47,45833,633],{"class":632},[47,45835,69],{"class":61},[47,45837,45838],{"class":92}," total",[47,45840,216],{"class":61},[20,45842,30295],{},[38,45844,45846],{"className":40,"code":45845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45847,45848,45858,45867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45849,45850,45853,45855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45851,45852],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,45854,136],{"class":61},[47,45856,45857],{"class":65}," 2\n",[47,45859,45860,45863,45865],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45861,45862],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45864,136],{"class":61},[47,45866,2857],{"class":65},[47,45868,45869,45872,45874],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45870,45871],{"class":53},"Total",[47,45873,136],{"class":61},[47,45875,35107],{"class":65},[20,45877,45878],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45880,318],{},[38,45882,45884],{"className":40,"code":45883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45885,45886,45904,45922,45926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45887,45888,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45889,45759],{"class":53},[47,45891,58],{"class":57},[47,45893,8507],{"class":102},[47,45895,106],{"class":61},[47,45897,633],{"class":632},[47,45899,45774],{"class":636},[47,45901,633],{"class":632},[47,45903,216],{"class":61},[47,45905,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918,45920],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45907,45783],{"class":53},[47,45909,58],{"class":57},[47,45911,8507],{"class":102},[47,45913,106],{"class":61},[47,45915,633],{"class":632},[47,45917,45798],{"class":636},[47,45919,633],{"class":632},[47,45921,216],{"class":61},[47,45923,45924],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45925,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,45927,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45939],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,45929,103],{"class":102},[47,45931,106],{"class":61},[47,45933,45759],{"class":92},[47,45935,2343],{"class":57},[47,45937,45938],{"class":92}," num2",[47,45940,216],{"class":61},[20,45942,30295],{},[38,45944,45946],{"className":40,"code":45945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45947,45948,45956,45964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45949,45950,45952,45954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45951,45852],{"class":53},[47,45953,136],{"class":61},[47,45955,45857],{"class":65},[47,45957,45958,45960,45962],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,45959,45862],{"class":53},[47,45961,136],{"class":61},[47,45963,2857],{"class":65},[47,45965,45966],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,45967,45968],{"class":65},"23\n",[20,45970,45971,45972,45975,45976,89],{},"That happens because ",[15,45973,45974],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45977,45978],{},"\"23\"",[45184,45980],{},[33,45982,45984],{"id":45983},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45986,45987,45988,89],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45989,3238],{},[1404,45991,1579,45993,41808],{"id":45992},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45994,3238],{},[20,45996,39463],{},[38,45998,46000],{"className":40,"code":45999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46001,46002,46020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46003,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46016,46018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46005,2728],{"class":53},[47,46007,58],{"class":57},[47,46009,8507],{"class":102},[47,46011,106],{"class":61},[47,46013,633],{"class":632},[47,46015,42137],{"class":636},[47,46017,633],{"class":632},[47,46019,216],{"class":61},[47,46021,46022,46024,46026,46028,46030,46032],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46023,103],{"class":102},[47,46025,106],{"class":61},[47,46027,1971],{"class":882},[47,46029,106],{"class":61},[47,46031,2753],{"class":92},[47,46033,1978],{"class":61},[20,46035,219],{},[38,46037,46039],{"className":40,"code":46038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46040,46041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46042,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46044,3568],{"class":57},[47,46046,3571],{"class":2348},[47,46048,708],{"class":632},[47,46050,883],{"class":636},[47,46052,699],{"class":632},[47,46054,3580],{"class":57},[20,46056,46057],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1404,46059,46061],{"id":46060},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46063,46064],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,46066,46068],{"className":40,"code":46067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46069,46070,46088,46107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46071,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080,46082,46084,46086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46073,2834],{"class":53},[47,46075,58],{"class":57},[47,46077,8507],{"class":102},[47,46079,106],{"class":61},[47,46081,633],{"class":632},[47,46083,42137],{"class":636},[47,46085,633],{"class":632},[47,46087,216],{"class":61},[47,46089,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100,46103,46105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46091,2862],{"class":53},[47,46093,58],{"class":57},[47,46095,8507],{"class":102},[47,46097,106],{"class":61},[47,46099,633],{"class":632},[47,46101,46102],{"class":636},"Enter another number: ",[47,46104,633],{"class":632},[47,46106,216],{"class":61},[47,46108,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46110,103],{"class":102},[47,46112,106],{"class":61},[47,46114,2834],{"class":92},[47,46116,2343],{"class":57},[47,46118,2839],{"class":92},[47,46120,216],{"class":61},[20,46122,41386,46123,1233,46125,46127,46128,19228,46131,89],{},[15,46124,334],{},[15,46126,173],{},", the result is ",[15,46129,46130],{},"45",[15,46132,2427],{},[1404,46134,46136,46137,46139,46140],{"id":46135},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46138,40969],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46141,3157],{},[20,46143,318],{},[38,46145,46147],{"className":40,"code":46146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46148,46149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46150,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46152,21894],{"class":53},[47,46154,58],{"class":57},[47,46156,45544],{"class":882},[47,46158,106],{"class":61},[47,46160,42729],{"class":102},[47,46162,106],{"class":61},[47,46164,633],{"class":632},[47,46166,45448],{"class":636},[47,46168,633],{"class":632},[47,46170,1978],{"class":61},[20,46172,8536,46173,46176,46177,89],{},[15,46174,46175],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46178,40969],{},[20,46180,46181,46182,89],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[252,46183,46185],{"href":46184},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1404,46187,46189],{"id":46188},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46191,46192],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,46194,46196],{"className":40,"code":46195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46197,46198,46216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46199,46200,46202,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46201,8140],{"class":53},[47,46203,58],{"class":57},[47,46205,8507],{"class":102},[47,46207,106],{"class":61},[47,46209,633],{"class":632},[47,46211,45154],{"class":636},[47,46213,633],{"class":632},[47,46215,216],{"class":61},[47,46217,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46219,103],{"class":102},[47,46221,106],{"class":61},[47,46223,42045],{"class":102},[47,46225,106],{"class":61},[47,46227,7932],{"class":92},[47,46229,1978],{"class":61},[20,46231,46232],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46234,46235,46236,136],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46237,46238],{},".strip()",[38,46240,46242],{"className":40,"code":46241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46243,46244,46266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46245,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46247,8140],{"class":53},[47,46249,58],{"class":57},[47,46251,8507],{"class":102},[47,46253,106],{"class":61},[47,46255,633],{"class":632},[47,46257,45154],{"class":636},[47,46259,633],{"class":632},[47,46261,8896],{"class":61},[47,46263,8899],{"class":92},[47,46265,96],{"class":61},[47,46267,46268,46270,46272,46274],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46269,103],{"class":102},[47,46271,106],{"class":61},[47,46273,7932],{"class":92},[47,46275,216],{"class":61},[45184,46277],{},[33,46279,46281],{"id":46280},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46283,46284,46285,46287],{},"These habits make ",[15,46286,3238],{}," easier and safer to use.",[138,46289,46290,46293,46298,46301],{},[141,46291,46292],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[141,46294,118,46295,46297],{},[15,46296,46238],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[141,46299,46300],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[141,46302,118,46303,46305],{},[15,46304,30047],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46307,46308,46309,136],{},"Example with ",[15,46310,46238],{},[38,46312,46314],{"className":40,"code":46313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46315,46316,46340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46317,46318,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46332,46334,46336,46338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46319,46320],{"class":53},"city ",[47,46322,58],{"class":57},[47,46324,8507],{"class":102},[47,46326,106],{"class":61},[47,46328,633],{"class":632},[47,46330,46331],{"class":636},"Enter your city: ",[47,46333,633],{"class":632},[47,46335,8896],{"class":61},[47,46337,8899],{"class":92},[47,46339,96],{"class":61},[47,46341,46342,46344,46346,46348,46351,46353,46355,46357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46343,103],{"class":102},[47,46345,106],{"class":61},[47,46347,633],{"class":632},[47,46349,46350],{"class":636},"City:",[47,46352,633],{"class":632},[47,46354,69],{"class":61},[47,46356,31651],{"class":92},[47,46358,216],{"class":61},[20,46360,46308,46361,136],{},[15,46362,30047],{},[38,46364,46366],{"className":40,"code":46365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46367,46368,46374,46397,46429,46437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46369,46370,46372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46371,30069],{"class":2027},[47,46373,6657],{"class":61},[47,46375,46376,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46377,46378],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,46380,58],{"class":57},[47,46382,45544],{"class":882},[47,46384,106],{"class":61},[47,46386,42729],{"class":102},[47,46388,106],{"class":61},[47,46390,633],{"class":632},[47,46392,45448],{"class":636},[47,46394,633],{"class":632},[47,46396,1978],{"class":61},[47,46398,46399,46401,46403,46405,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422,46425,46427],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46400,8333],{"class":102},[47,46402,106],{"class":61},[47,46404,633],{"class":632},[47,46406,46407],{"class":636},"You will be",[47,46409,633],{"class":632},[47,46411,69],{"class":61},[47,46413,45726],{"class":92},[47,46415,2343],{"class":57},[47,46417,72],{"class":65},[47,46419,69],{"class":61},[47,46421,644],{"class":632},[47,46423,46424],{"class":636},"next year",[47,46426,633],{"class":632},[47,46428,216],{"class":61},[47,46430,46431,46433,46435],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,46432,30100],{"class":2027},[47,46434,42192],{"class":882},[47,46436,6657],{"class":61},[47,46438,46439,46441,46443,46445,46448,46450],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,46440,8333],{"class":102},[47,46442,106],{"class":61},[47,46444,633],{"class":632},[47,46446,46447],{"class":636},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46449,633],{"class":632},[47,46451,216],{"class":61},[20,46453,46454],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46456,46457,46458,89],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[252,46459,46461],{"href":46460},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45184,46463],{},[33,46465,1397],{"id":1396},[20,46467,46468,46469,136],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46470,3238],{},[138,46472,46473,46480,46483,46486],{},[141,46474,46475,46476,3158,46478],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46477,3157],{},[15,46479,3164],{},[141,46481,46482],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[141,46484,46485],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[141,46487,46488],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46490,32349],{},[38,46492,46494],{"className":40,"code":46493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46495,46496,46506,46520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46497,46498,46500,46502,46504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46499,103],{"class":102},[47,46501,106],{"class":61},[47,46503,2753],{"class":92},[47,46505,216],{"class":61},[47,46507,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46509,103],{"class":102},[47,46511,106],{"class":61},[47,46513,1971],{"class":882},[47,46515,106],{"class":61},[47,46517,2753],{"class":92},[47,46519,1978],{"class":61},[47,46521,46522,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46523,103],{"class":102},[47,46525,106],{"class":61},[47,46527,42045],{"class":102},[47,46529,106],{"class":61},[47,46531,2753],{"class":92},[47,46533,1978],{"class":61},[20,46535,46536,46537,46539],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46538,3238],{}," actually returned:",[138,46541,46542,46547,46552],{},[141,46543,46544,46546],{},[15,46545,42093],{}," shows the value",[141,46548,46549,46551],{},[15,46550,42099],{}," shows the data type",[141,46553,46554,46556],{},[15,46555,42104],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46558,318],{},[38,46560,46562],{"className":40,"code":46561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46563,46564,46583,46593,46607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46565,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576,46579,46581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46567,2728],{"class":53},[47,46569,58],{"class":57},[47,46571,8507],{"class":102},[47,46573,106],{"class":61},[47,46575,633],{"class":632},[47,46577,46578],{"class":636},"Enter something: ",[47,46580,633],{"class":632},[47,46582,216],{"class":61},[47,46584,46585,46587,46589,46591],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46586,103],{"class":102},[47,46588,106],{"class":61},[47,46590,2753],{"class":92},[47,46592,216],{"class":61},[47,46594,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46596,103],{"class":102},[47,46598,106],{"class":61},[47,46600,1971],{"class":882},[47,46602,106],{"class":61},[47,46604,2753],{"class":92},[47,46606,1978],{"class":61},[47,46608,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,46610,103],{"class":102},[47,46612,106],{"class":61},[47,46614,42045],{"class":102},[47,46616,106],{"class":61},[47,46618,2753],{"class":92},[47,46620,1978],{"class":61},[45184,46622],{},[33,46624,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,46626,2082,46628,46630],{"id":46627},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46629,3238],{}," return an integer?",[20,46632,46633,46634,46636,46637,40194],{},"No. ",[15,46635,3238],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46638,3157],{},[1404,46640,46642,46643,2099],{"id":46641},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46644,3238],{},[20,46646,46647,46648,46650],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46649,3238],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1404,46652,5424,46654,46657,46658,2099],{"id":46653},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46655,46656],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46659,3238],{},[20,46661,29326,46662,46664,46665,42421,46667,46669],{},[15,46663,3238],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46666,45974],{},[15,46668,45978],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1404,46671,46673],{"id":46672},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46675,118,46676,46678,46679,89],{},[15,46677,46238],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46680,46681],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45184,46683],{},[33,46685,2187],{"id":2186},[138,46687,46688,46693,46697,46703,46709,46713],{},[141,46689,46690],{},[252,46691,46692],{"href":46460},"How to get user input in Python",[141,46694,46695],{},[252,46696,9322],{"href":9244},[141,46698,46699],{},[252,46700,1386,46701,3785],{"href":3154},[15,46702,3157],{},[141,46704,46705],{},[252,46706,1386,46707,3785],{"href":3161},[15,46708,3164],{},[141,46710,46711],{},[252,46712,46185],{"href":46184},[141,46714,46715],{},[252,46716,1386,46718,3785],{"href":46717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46719,46720],{},"print()",[2210,46722,46723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":46725},[46726,46727,46729,46730,46732,46738,46746,46747,46748,46757],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":45188,"depth":83,"text":46728},"What input() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":45417,"depth":83,"text":46731},"What input() returns",{"id":45620,"depth":83,"text":45621,"children":46733},[46734,46735,46737],{"id":45624,"depth":99,"text":45625},{"id":45677,"depth":99,"text":46736},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45748,"depth":99,"text":45749},{"id":45983,"depth":83,"text":45984,"children":46739},[46740,46742,46743,46745],{"id":45992,"depth":99,"text":46741},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46060,"depth":99,"text":46061},{"id":46135,"depth":99,"text":46744},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46188,"depth":99,"text":46189},{"id":46280,"depth":83,"text":46281},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":46749},[46750,46752,46754,46756],{"id":46627,"depth":99,"text":46751},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46641,"depth":99,"text":46753},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46653,"depth":99,"text":46755},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46672,"depth":99,"text":46673},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42460,"description":46758},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46765,"title":42362,"body":46766,"description":49079,"extension":2248,"meta":49080,"navigation":203,"path":49081,"seo":49082,"stem":49083,"__hash__":49084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46767,"toc":49031},[46768,46773,46778,46783,46804,46807,46809,46869,46871,46890,46895,46900,46905,46907,46920,46922,47005,47007,47048,47054,47056,47086,47092,47095,47112,47114,47166,47168,47186,47192,47198,47201,47219,47221,47294,47296,47315,47322,47328,47333,47336,47396,47398,47417,47420,47423,47438,47444,47448,47509,47511,47532,47536,47665,47667,47797,47807,47813,47819,47827,47893,47895,47920,47923,47940,47953,47959,47962,47995,47997,48010,48013,48056,48058,48066,48073,48077,48084,48088,48115,48117,48125,48131,48148,48153,48157,48184,48186,48194,48198,48203,48206,48232,48235,48244,48252,48256,48266,48270,48273,48275,48326,48328,48358,48368,48395,48397,48405,48415,48419,48422,48424,48472,48474,48518,48524,48575,48577,48596,48601,48606,48609,48628,48631,48683,48685,48694,48696,48700,48704,48707,48716,48723,48725,48752,48756,48758,48767,48770,48777,48783,48843,48847,48849,48857,48860,48886,48892,48895,48915,48917,48926,48934,48936,48942,48947,48954,48964,48970,48978,48982,48985,48987,49028],[10,46769,1386,46771,3855],{"id":46770},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46772,3157],{},[20,46774,32584,46775,46777],{},[15,46776,3157],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46779,35671,46780,46782],{},[15,46781,3157],{}," when they want to:",[138,46784,46785,46795,46798,46801],{},[141,46786,46787,46788,46791,46792],{},"turn text like ",[15,46789,46790],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46793,46794],{},"42",[141,46796,46797],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[141,46799,46800],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[141,46802,46803],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46805,46806],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[33,46808,36],{"id":35},[38,46810,46812],{"className":40,"code":46811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46813,46814,46832,46846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46817,103],{"class":102},[47,46819,106],{"class":61},[47,46821,2471],{"class":882},[47,46823,106],{"class":61},[47,46825,633],{"class":632},[47,46827,46794],{"class":636},[47,46829,633],{"class":632},[47,46831,1978],{"class":61},[47,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46835,103],{"class":102},[47,46837,106],{"class":61},[47,46839,2471],{"class":882},[47,46841,106],{"class":61},[47,46843,42250],{"class":65},[47,46845,1978],{"class":61},[47,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46861,46863,46865,46867],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46849,103],{"class":102},[47,46851,106],{"class":61},[47,46853,2471],{"class":882},[47,46855,106],{"class":61},[47,46857,633],{"class":632},[47,46859,46860],{"class":636},"101",[47,46862,633],{"class":632},[47,46864,69],{"class":61},[47,46866,77],{"class":65},[47,46868,1978],{"class":61},[20,46870,219],{},[38,46872,46874],{"className":40,"code":46873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46875,46876,46881,46886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46877,46878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46879,46880],{"class":65},"42\n",[47,46882,46883],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46884,46885],{"class":65},"3\n",[47,46887,46888],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46889,3227],{"class":65},[20,46891,118,46892,46894],{},[15,46893,3157],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[33,46896,128,46898,131],{"id":46897},"what-int-does",[15,46899,3157],{},[20,46901,46902,46904],{},[15,46903,3157],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46906,13315],{},[138,46908,46909,46914,46917],{},[141,46910,46911,46912,7604],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46913,2471],{},[141,46915,46916],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[141,46918,46919],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46921,318],{},[38,46923,46925],{"className":40,"code":46924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46926,46927,46939,46953,46957,46967,46977,46991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46928,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46930,1600],{"class":53},[47,46932,58],{"class":57},[47,46934,644],{"class":632},[47,46936,9457],{"class":636},[47,46938,1609],{"class":632},[47,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,46942,2500],{"class":53},[47,46944,58],{"class":57},[47,46946,45544],{"class":882},[47,46948,106],{"class":61},[47,46950,1614],{"class":92},[47,46952,216],{"class":61},[47,46954,46955],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,46956,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,46958,46959,46961,46963,46965],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,46960,103],{"class":102},[47,46962,106],{"class":61},[47,46964,1614],{"class":92},[47,46966,216],{"class":61},[47,46968,46969,46971,46973,46975],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,46970,103],{"class":102},[47,46972,106],{"class":61},[47,46974,2522],{"class":92},[47,46976,216],{"class":61},[47,46978,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987,46989],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,46980,103],{"class":102},[47,46982,106],{"class":61},[47,46984,1971],{"class":882},[47,46986,106],{"class":61},[47,46988,1614],{"class":92},[47,46990,1978],{"class":61},[47,46992,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,46994,103],{"class":102},[47,46996,106],{"class":61},[47,46998,1971],{"class":882},[47,47000,106],{"class":61},[47,47002,2522],{"class":92},[47,47004,1978],{"class":61},[20,47006,219],{},[38,47008,47010],{"className":40,"code":47009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47011,47012,47016,47020,47034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47013,47014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47015,2989],{"class":65},[47,47017,47018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47019,2989],{"class":65},[47,47021,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47023,3568],{"class":57},[47,47025,3571],{"class":2348},[47,47027,708],{"class":632},[47,47029,883],{"class":636},[47,47031,699],{"class":632},[47,47033,3580],{"class":57},[47,47035,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,47037,3568],{"class":57},[47,47039,3571],{"class":2348},[47,47041,708],{"class":632},[47,47043,2471],{"class":636},[47,47045,699],{"class":632},[47,47047,3580],{"class":57},[20,47049,47050,47051,47053],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47052,3157],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[33,47055,259],{"id":258},[38,47057,47059],{"className":40,"code":47058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47060,47061,47071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47062,47063,47065,47067,47069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47064,2471],{"class":882},[47,47066,106],{"class":61},[47,47068,2456],{"class":92},[47,47070,216],{"class":61},[47,47072,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081,47084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47074,2471],{"class":882},[47,47076,106],{"class":61},[47,47078,2456],{"class":92},[47,47080,69],{"class":61},[47,47082,47083],{"class":92}," base",[47,47085,216],{"class":61},[1404,47087,47089],{"id":47088},"intx",[15,47090,47091],{},"int(x)",[20,47093,47094],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[138,47096,47097,47102,47107],{},[141,47098,47099,47100],{},"a string such as ",[15,47101,42392],{},[141,47103,47104,47105],{},"a float such as ",[15,47106,42250],{},[141,47108,47109,47110],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47111,367],{},[20,47113,318],{},[38,47115,47117],{"className":40,"code":47116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47118,47119,47137,47152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47120,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47122,103],{"class":102},[47,47124,106],{"class":61},[47,47126,2471],{"class":882},[47,47128,106],{"class":61},[47,47130,633],{"class":632},[47,47132,437],{"class":636},[47,47134,633],{"class":632},[47,47136,1978],{"class":61},[47,47138,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47150],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47140,103],{"class":102},[47,47142,106],{"class":61},[47,47144,2471],{"class":882},[47,47146,106],{"class":61},[47,47148,47149],{"class":65},"8.7",[47,47151,1978],{"class":61},[47,47153,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47155,103],{"class":102},[47,47157,106],{"class":61},[47,47159,2471],{"class":882},[47,47161,106],{"class":61},[47,47163,367],{"class":284},[47,47165,1978],{"class":61},[20,47167,219],{},[38,47169,47171],{"className":40,"code":47170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47172,47173,47177,47181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47174,47175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47176,2658],{"class":65},[47,47178,47179],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47180,2663],{"class":65},[47,47182,47183],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47184,47185],{"class":65},"1\n",[1404,47187,47189],{"id":47188},"intx-base",[15,47190,47191],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47193,47194,47195,47197],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47196,2456],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47199,47200],{},"Common bases:",[138,47202,47203,47208,47213],{},[141,47204,47205,47207],{},[15,47206,2340],{}," for binary",[141,47209,47210,47212],{},[15,47211,2627],{}," for octal",[141,47214,47215,47218],{},[15,47216,47217],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47220,318],{},[38,47222,47224],{"className":40,"code":47223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47225,47226,47248,47271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47229,103],{"class":102},[47,47231,106],{"class":61},[47,47233,2471],{"class":882},[47,47235,106],{"class":61},[47,47237,633],{"class":632},[47,47239,46860],{"class":636},[47,47241,633],{"class":632},[47,47243,69],{"class":61},[47,47245,77],{"class":65},[47,47247,1978],{"class":61},[47,47249,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47263,47265,47267,47269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47251,103],{"class":102},[47,47253,106],{"class":61},[47,47255,2471],{"class":882},[47,47257,106],{"class":61},[47,47259,633],{"class":632},[47,47261,47262],{"class":636},"17",[47,47264,633],{"class":632},[47,47266,69],{"class":61},[47,47268,447],{"class":65},[47,47270,1978],{"class":61},[47,47272,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47286,47288,47290,47292],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47274,103],{"class":102},[47,47276,106],{"class":61},[47,47278,2471],{"class":882},[47,47280,106],{"class":61},[47,47282,633],{"class":632},[47,47284,47285],{"class":636},"1A",[47,47287,633],{"class":632},[47,47289,69],{"class":61},[47,47291,14252],{"class":65},[47,47293,1978],{"class":61},[20,47295,219],{},[38,47297,47299],{"className":40,"code":47298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47300,47301,47305,47310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47302,47303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47304,3227],{"class":65},[47,47306,47307],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47308,47309],{"class":65},"15\n",[47,47311,47312],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47313,47314],{"class":65},"26\n",[20,47316,47317,47318,89],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[252,47319,47320,2585],{"href":3161},[15,47321,3164],{},[33,47323,8681,47325,47327],{"id":47324},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47326,3157],{}," with strings",[20,47329,47330,47332],{},[15,47331,3157],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47334,47335],{},"Examples that work:",[38,47337,47339],{"className":40,"code":47338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47340,47341,47359,47377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47342,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47344,103],{"class":102},[47,47346,106],{"class":61},[47,47348,2471],{"class":882},[47,47350,106],{"class":61},[47,47352,633],{"class":632},[47,47354,173],{"class":636},[47,47356,633],{"class":632},[47,47358,1978],{"class":61},[47,47360,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47362,103],{"class":102},[47,47364,106],{"class":61},[47,47366,2471],{"class":882},[47,47368,106],{"class":61},[47,47370,633],{"class":632},[47,47372,2574],{"class":636},[47,47374,633],{"class":632},[47,47376,1978],{"class":61},[47,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47392,47394],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47380,103],{"class":102},[47,47382,106],{"class":61},[47,47384,2471],{"class":882},[47,47386,106],{"class":61},[47,47388,633],{"class":632},[47,47390,47391],{"class":636},"  42  ",[47,47393,633],{"class":632},[47,47395,1978],{"class":61},[20,47397,219],{},[38,47399,47401],{"className":40,"code":47400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47402,47403,47407,47413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47404,47405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47406,3227],{"class":65},[47,47408,47409,47411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47410,2306],{"class":57},[47,47412,2508],{"class":65},[47,47414,47415],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47416,46880],{"class":65},[20,47418,47419],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47421,47422],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,47424,47426],{"className":40,"code":47425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47427,47428,47433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47429,47430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47431,47432],{"class":114},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47434,47435],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47436,47437],{"class":114},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47439,47440,47441,47443],{},"These raise ",[15,47442,40969],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1404,47445,47447],{"id":47446},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,47449,47451],{"className":40,"code":47450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47452,47453,47471,47490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47454,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47456,103],{"class":102},[47,47458,106],{"class":61},[47,47460,2471],{"class":882},[47,47462,106],{"class":61},[47,47464,633],{"class":632},[47,47466,2403],{"class":636},[47,47468,633],{"class":632},[47,47470,1978],{"class":61},[47,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47486,47488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47474,103],{"class":102},[47,47476,106],{"class":61},[47,47478,2471],{"class":882},[47,47480,106],{"class":61},[47,47482,633],{"class":632},[47,47484,47485],{"class":636},"+7",[47,47487,633],{"class":632},[47,47489,1978],{"class":61},[47,47491,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47505,47507],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47493,103],{"class":102},[47,47495,106],{"class":61},[47,47497,2471],{"class":882},[47,47499,106],{"class":61},[47,47501,633],{"class":632},[47,47503,47504],{"class":636},"-100",[47,47506,633],{"class":632},[47,47508,1978],{"class":61},[20,47510,219],{},[38,47512,47514],{"className":40,"code":47513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47515,47516,47521,47525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47517,47518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47519,47520],{"class":65},"0\n",[47,47522,47523],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47524,2363],{"class":65},[47,47526,47527,47529],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47528,2306],{"class":57},[47,47530,47531],{"class":65},"100\n",[1404,47533,47535],{"id":47534},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,47537,47539],{"className":40,"code":47538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47540,47541,47579,47583,47595,47602,47617,47632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47542,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47575,47577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47544,4095],{"class":53},[47,47546,58],{"class":57},[47,47548,62],{"class":61},[47,47550,633],{"class":632},[47,47552,40408],{"class":636},[47,47554,633],{"class":632},[47,47556,69],{"class":61},[47,47558,644],{"class":632},[47,47560,47561],{"class":636},"12abc",[47,47563,633],{"class":632},[47,47565,69],{"class":61},[47,47567,6390],{"class":632},[47,47569,69],{"class":61},[47,47571,644],{"class":632},[47,47573,47574],{"class":636},"seven",[47,47576,633],{"class":632},[47,47578,80],{"class":61},[47,47580,47581],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47582,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,47584,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47586,6224],{"class":2027},[47,47588,21850],{"class":53},[47,47590,2034],{"class":2027},[47,47592,4156],{"class":53},[47,47594,6657],{"class":61},[47,47596,47597,47600],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,47598,47599],{"class":2027},"    try",[47,47601,6657],{"class":61},[47,47603,47604,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,47605,47606],{"class":102},"        print",[47,47608,106],{"class":61},[47,47610,2471],{"class":882},[47,47612,106],{"class":61},[47,47614,2753],{"class":92},[47,47616,1978],{"class":61},[47,47618,47619,47622,47624,47627,47630],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,47620,47621],{"class":2027},"    except",[47,47623,42192],{"class":882},[47,47625,47626],{"class":2027}," as",[47,47628,47629],{"class":53}," error",[47,47631,6657],{"class":61},[47,47633,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47649,47651,47654,47656,47659,47661,47663],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,47635,47606],{"class":102},[47,47637,106],{"class":61},[47,47639,22560],{"class":2348},[47,47641,633],{"class":636},[47,47643,9542],{"class":65},[47,47645,2753],{"class":92},[47,47647,47648],{"class":2348},"!r",[47,47650,22569],{"class":65},[47,47652,47653],{"class":636}," -> ",[47,47655,9542],{"class":65},[47,47657,47658],{"class":92},"error",[47,47660,22569],{"class":65},[47,47662,633],{"class":636},[47,47664,216],{"class":61},[20,47666,219],{},[38,47668,47670],{"className":40,"code":47669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47671,47672,47708,47740,47765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47673,47674,47676,47678,47680,47683,47686,47688,47690,47692,47695,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47675,699],{"class":43595},[47,47677,40408],{"class":43599},[47,47679,699],{"class":43595},[47,47681,47682],{"class":37631}," ->",[47,47684,47685],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47687,6224],{"class":2027},[47,47689,45544],{"class":882},[47,47691,7629],{"class":61},[47,47693,47694],{"class":2027}," with",[47,47696,47697],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47699,437],{"class":65},[47,47701,136],{"class":61},[47,47703,708],{"class":632},[47,47705,40408],{"class":636},[47,47707,29965],{"class":632},[47,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47711,699],{"class":632},[47,47713,47561],{"class":636},[47,47715,699],{"class":632},[47,47717,47682],{"class":37631},[47,47719,47685],{"class":53},[47,47721,6224],{"class":2027},[47,47723,45544],{"class":882},[47,47725,7629],{"class":61},[47,47727,47694],{"class":2027},[47,47729,47697],{"class":53},[47,47731,437],{"class":65},[47,47733,136],{"class":61},[47,47735,708],{"class":632},[47,47737,47561],{"class":636},[47,47739,29965],{"class":632},[47,47741,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47743,4046],{"class":632},[47,47745,47682],{"class":37631},[47,47747,47685],{"class":53},[47,47749,6224],{"class":2027},[47,47751,45544],{"class":882},[47,47753,7629],{"class":61},[47,47755,47694],{"class":2027},[47,47757,47697],{"class":53},[47,47759,437],{"class":65},[47,47761,136],{"class":61},[47,47763,47764],{"class":632}," ''\n",[47,47766,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,47768,699],{"class":632},[47,47770,47574],{"class":636},[47,47772,699],{"class":632},[47,47774,47682],{"class":37631},[47,47776,47685],{"class":53},[47,47778,6224],{"class":2027},[47,47780,45544],{"class":882},[47,47782,7629],{"class":61},[47,47784,47694],{"class":2027},[47,47786,47697],{"class":53},[47,47788,437],{"class":65},[47,47790,136],{"class":61},[47,47792,708],{"class":632},[47,47794,47574],{"class":636},[47,47796,29965],{"class":632},[20,47798,47799,47800,47802,47803,89],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[252,47801,9245],{"href":9244}," and the ",[252,47804,47805,2585],{"href":8484},[15,47806,3238],{},[33,47808,8681,47810,47812],{"id":47809},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47811,3157],{}," with floats",[20,47814,47815,47816,47818],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47817,3157],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47820,47821,47822,14318,47824,47826],{},"Important: ",[15,47823,3157],{},[4015,47825,4896],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,47828,47830],{"className":40,"code":47829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47831,47832,47846,47861,47877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47833,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47835,103],{"class":102},[47,47837,106],{"class":61},[47,47839,2471],{"class":882},[47,47841,106],{"class":61},[47,47843,42250],{"class":65},[47,47845,1978],{"class":61},[47,47847,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856,47859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47849,103],{"class":102},[47,47851,106],{"class":61},[47,47853,2471],{"class":882},[47,47855,106],{"class":61},[47,47857,47858],{"class":65},"3.1",[47,47860,1978],{"class":61},[47,47862,47863,47865,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47864,103],{"class":102},[47,47866,106],{"class":61},[47,47868,2471],{"class":882},[47,47870,106],{"class":61},[47,47872,2306],{"class":57},[47,47874,42250],{"class":65},[47,47876,1978],{"class":61},[47,47878,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,47880,103],{"class":102},[47,47882,106],{"class":61},[47,47884,2471],{"class":882},[47,47886,106],{"class":61},[47,47888,2306],{"class":57},[47,47890,47858],{"class":65},[47,47892,1978],{"class":61},[20,47894,219],{},[38,47896,47898],{"className":40,"code":47897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47899,47900,47904,47908,47914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47901,47902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47903,46885],{"class":65},[47,47905,47906],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47907,46885],{"class":65},[47,47909,47910,47912],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,47911,2306],{"class":57},[47,47913,46885],{"class":65},[47,47915,47916,47918],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,47917,2306],{"class":57},[47,47919,46885],{"class":65},[20,47921,47922],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[138,47924,47925,47932],{},[141,47926,47927,42421,47930],{},[15,47928,47929],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47931,66],{},[141,47933,47934,42421,47937],{},[15,47935,47936],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47938,47939],{},"-3",[20,47941,47942,47943,47947,47948,89],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[252,47944,47945],{"href":3161},[15,47946,3164],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[252,47949,47950],{"href":42441},[15,47951,47952],{},"str()",[33,47954,8681,47956,47958],{"id":47955},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47957,3157],{}," with booleans",[20,47960,47961],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,47963,47965],{"className":40,"code":47964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47966,47967,47981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47968,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47970,103],{"class":102},[47,47972,106],{"class":61},[47,47974,2471],{"class":882},[47,47976,106],{"class":61},[47,47978,367],{"class":284},[47,47980,1978],{"class":61},[47,47982,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47993],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,47984,103],{"class":102},[47,47986,106],{"class":61},[47,47988,2471],{"class":882},[47,47990,106],{"class":61},[47,47992,294],{"class":284},[47,47994,1978],{"class":61},[20,47996,219],{},[38,47998,48000],{"className":40,"code":47999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,48001,48002,48006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48003,48004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48005,47185],{"class":65},[47,48007,48008],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48009,47520],{"class":65},[20,48011,48012],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,48014,48016],{"className":40,"code":48015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48017,48018,48027,48042,48046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48019,48020,48023,48025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48021,48022],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,48024,58],{"class":57},[47,48026,6687],{"class":284},[47,48028,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48040],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48030,41448],{"class":53},[47,48032,58],{"class":57},[47,48034,45544],{"class":882},[47,48036,106],{"class":61},[47,48038,48039],{"class":92},"passed",[47,48041,216],{"class":61},[47,48043,48044],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48045,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,48047,48048,48050,48052,48054],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48049,103],{"class":102},[47,48051,106],{"class":61},[47,48053,41477],{"class":92},[47,48055,216],{"class":61},[20,48057,219],{},[38,48059,48060],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48061,48062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48063,48064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48065,47185],{"class":65},[20,48067,48068,48069,89],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[252,48070,48071,2585],{"href":6047},[15,48072,4085],{},[33,48074,48076],{"id":48075},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48078,48079,48080,48083],{},"Use the ",[15,48081,48082],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1404,48085,48087],{"id":48086},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,48089,48091],{"className":40,"code":48090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48092,48093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48094,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48096,103],{"class":102},[47,48098,106],{"class":61},[47,48100,2471],{"class":882},[47,48102,106],{"class":61},[47,48104,633],{"class":632},[47,48106,46860],{"class":636},[47,48108,633],{"class":632},[47,48110,69],{"class":61},[47,48112,77],{"class":65},[47,48114,1978],{"class":61},[20,48116,219],{},[38,48118,48119],{"className":40,"code":3227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48120,48121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48122,48123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48124,3227],{"class":65},[20,48126,48127,48130],{},[15,48128,48129],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[138,48132,48133,48138,48143],{},[141,48134,48135],{},[15,48136,48137],{},"1 × 4",[141,48139,48140],{},[15,48141,48142],{},"0 × 2",[141,48144,48145],{},[15,48146,48147],{},"1 × 1",[20,48149,48150,48151,89],{},"So the result is ",[15,48152,173],{},[1404,48154,48156],{"id":48155},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,48158,48160],{"className":40,"code":48159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48161,48162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48163,48164,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48165,103],{"class":102},[47,48167,106],{"class":61},[47,48169,2471],{"class":882},[47,48171,106],{"class":61},[47,48173,633],{"class":632},[47,48175,47285],{"class":636},[47,48177,633],{"class":632},[47,48179,69],{"class":61},[47,48181,14252],{"class":65},[47,48183,1978],{"class":61},[20,48185,219],{},[38,48187,48188],{"className":40,"code":47314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48189,48190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48191,48192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48193,47314],{"class":65},[1404,48195,48197],{"id":48196},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48199,956,48200,48202],{},[15,48201,48082],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48204,48205],{},"Good:",[38,48207,48208],{"className":40,"code":48090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48209,48210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48211,48212,48214,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48213,103],{"class":102},[47,48215,106],{"class":61},[47,48217,2471],{"class":882},[47,48219,106],{"class":61},[47,48221,633],{"class":632},[47,48223,46860],{"class":636},[47,48225,633],{"class":632},[47,48227,69],{"class":61},[47,48229,77],{"class":65},[47,48231,1978],{"class":61},[20,48233,48234],{},"Not correct:",[38,48236,48238],{"className":40,"code":48237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48239,48240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48241,48242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48243,48237],{"class":114},[20,48245,48246,48247,8866,48249,48251],{},"That causes a ",[15,48248,1574],{},[15,48250,48082],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[33,48253,48255],{"id":48254},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48257,48258,48259,48261,48262,1233,48264,89],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48260,3157],{}," are ",[15,48263,40969],{},[15,48265,1574],{},[1404,48267,48268],{"id":41779},[15,48269,40969],{},[20,48271,48272],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48274,318],{},[38,48276,48278],{"className":40,"code":48277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48279,48280,48286,48304,48316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48281,48282,48284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48283,30069],{"class":2027},[47,48285,6657],{"class":61},[47,48287,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48289,8333],{"class":102},[47,48291,106],{"class":61},[47,48293,2471],{"class":882},[47,48295,106],{"class":61},[47,48297,633],{"class":632},[47,48299,40408],{"class":636},[47,48301,633],{"class":632},[47,48303,1978],{"class":61},[47,48305,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48307,30100],{"class":2027},[47,48309,42192],{"class":882},[47,48311,47626],{"class":2027},[47,48313,47629],{"class":53},[47,48315,6657],{"class":61},[47,48317,48318,48320,48322,48324],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48319,8333],{"class":102},[47,48321,106],{"class":61},[47,48323,47658],{"class":92},[47,48325,216],{"class":61},[20,48327,219],{},[38,48329,48331],{"className":40,"code":48330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48332,48333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48334,48335,48338,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348,48350,48352,48354,48356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48336,48337],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,48339,6224],{"class":2027},[47,48341,45544],{"class":882},[47,48343,7629],{"class":61},[47,48345,47694],{"class":2027},[47,48347,47697],{"class":53},[47,48349,437],{"class":65},[47,48351,136],{"class":61},[47,48353,708],{"class":632},[47,48355,40408],{"class":636},[47,48357,29965],{"class":632},[20,48359,48360,48361,48364,48365,48367],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48362,48363],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48366,3157],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,48369,48371],{"className":40,"code":48370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48372,48373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48374,48375,48377,48379,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48376,103],{"class":102},[47,48378,106],{"class":61},[47,48380,2471],{"class":882},[47,48382,106],{"class":61},[47,48384,2475],{"class":882},[47,48386,106],{"class":61},[47,48388,633],{"class":632},[47,48390,40408],{"class":636},[47,48392,633],{"class":632},[47,48394,3192],{"class":61},[20,48396,219],{},[38,48398,48399],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48400,48401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48402,48403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48404,46885],{"class":65},[20,48406,48407,48408,1233,48411,89],{},"If you see this often, read ",[252,48409,48410],{"href":3242},"how to convert string to int in Python",[252,48412,25944,48413],{"href":46184},[15,48414,46185],{},[1404,48416,48417],{"id":41845},[15,48418,1574],{},[20,48420,48421],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48423,318],{},[38,48425,48427],{"className":40,"code":48426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48428,48429,48435,48449,48462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48430,48431,48433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48432,30069],{"class":2027},[47,48434,6657],{"class":61},[47,48436,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48438,8333],{"class":102},[47,48440,106],{"class":61},[47,48442,2471],{"class":882},[47,48444,106],{"class":61},[47,48446,124],{"class":284},[47,48448,1978],{"class":61},[47,48450,48451,48453,48456,48458,48460],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48452,30100],{"class":2027},[47,48454,48455],{"class":882}," TypeError",[47,48457,47626],{"class":2027},[47,48459,47629],{"class":53},[47,48461,6657],{"class":61},[47,48463,48464,48466,48468,48470],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48465,8333],{"class":102},[47,48467,106],{"class":61},[47,48469,47658],{"class":92},[47,48471,216],{"class":61},[20,48473,219],{},[38,48475,48477],{"className":40,"code":48476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48478,48479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48480,48481,48483,48485,48488,48490,48492,48495,48497,48500,48502,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48482,2471],{"class":882},[47,48484,7629],{"class":61},[47,48486,48487],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48489,69],{"class":61},[47,48491,44812],{"class":53},[47,48493,48494],{"class":882},"bytes",[47,48496,2306],{"class":57},[47,48498,48499],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48501,42665],{"class":882},[47,48503,48504],{"class":57}," or",[47,48506,41105],{"class":53},[47,48508,69],{"class":61},[47,48510,8364],{"class":57},[47,48512,708],{"class":632},[47,48514,48515],{"class":636},"NoneType",[47,48517,29965],{"class":632},[20,48519,48520,48521,48523],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48522,48082],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,48525,48527],{"className":40,"code":48526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48528,48529,48535,48553,48565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48530,48531,48533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48532,30069],{"class":2027},[47,48534,6657],{"class":61},[47,48536,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545,48547,48549,48551],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48538,8333],{"class":102},[47,48540,106],{"class":61},[47,48542,2471],{"class":882},[47,48544,106],{"class":61},[47,48546,46860],{"class":65},[47,48548,69],{"class":61},[47,48550,77],{"class":65},[47,48552,1978],{"class":61},[47,48554,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48556,30100],{"class":2027},[47,48558,48455],{"class":882},[47,48560,47626],{"class":2027},[47,48562,47629],{"class":53},[47,48564,6657],{"class":61},[47,48566,48567,48569,48571,48573],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48568,8333],{"class":102},[47,48570,106],{"class":61},[47,48572,47658],{"class":92},[47,48574,216],{"class":61},[20,48576,219],{},[38,48578,48580],{"className":40,"code":48579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48581,48582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48583,48584,48586,48588,48591,48593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48585,2471],{"class":882},[47,48587,7629],{"class":61},[47,48589,48590],{"class":53}," can",[47,48592,699],{"class":632},[47,48594,48595],{"class":636},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,48597,5227,48599],{"id":48598},"when-to-use-int",[15,48600,3157],{},[20,48602,118,48603,48605],{},[15,48604,3157],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48607,48608],{},"Common uses:",[138,48610,48611,48617,48620,48623],{},[141,48612,48613,48614,48616],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48615,3238],{}," into integers",[141,48618,48619],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[141,48621,48622],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[141,48624,48625,48626,953],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48627,48082],{},[20,48629,48630],{},"Example with user input:",[38,48632,48634],{"className":40,"code":48633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48635,48636,48650,48665,48669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48637,48638,48641,48643,48645,48648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48639,48640],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48642,58],{"class":57},[47,48644,644],{"class":632},[47,48646,48647],{"class":636},"18",[47,48649,1609],{"class":632},[47,48651,48652,48654,48656,48658,48660,48663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48653,21894],{"class":53},[47,48655,58],{"class":57},[47,48657,45544],{"class":882},[47,48659,106],{"class":61},[47,48661,48662],{"class":92},"age_text",[47,48664,216],{"class":61},[47,48666,48667],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48668,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,48670,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48672,103],{"class":102},[47,48674,106],{"class":61},[47,48676,21894],{"class":92},[47,48678,2343],{"class":57},[47,48680,72],{"class":65},[47,48682,216],{"class":61},[20,48684,219],{},[38,48686,48688],{"className":40,"code":48687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,48689,48690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48691,48692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48693,48687],{"class":65},[33,48695,1397],{"id":1396},[20,48697,14998,48698,89],{},[15,48699,3157],{},[1404,48701,48703],{"id":48702},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48705,48706],{},"This fails:",[38,48708,48710],{"className":40,"code":48709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48711,48712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48713,48714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48715,48709],{"class":114},[20,48717,48718,48719,48722],{},"Why: ",[15,48720,48721],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48724,19105],{},[38,48726,48728],{"className":40,"code":48727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48729,48730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48731,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48733,103],{"class":102},[47,48735,106],{"class":61},[47,48737,2471],{"class":882},[47,48739,106],{"class":61},[47,48741,2475],{"class":882},[47,48743,106],{"class":61},[47,48745,633],{"class":632},[47,48747,41389],{"class":636},[47,48749,633],{"class":632},[47,48751,3192],{"class":61},[1404,48753,48755],{"id":48754},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48757,48706],{},[38,48759,48761],{"className":40,"code":48760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48762,48763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48764,48765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48766,48760],{"class":114},[20,48768,48769],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1404,48771,48773,48774],{"id":48772},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48775,48776],{},"int(None)",[20,48778,48779,48780,48782],{},"This fails because ",[15,48781,124],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,48784,48786],{"className":40,"code":48785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48787,48788,48797,48801,48807,48821,48833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48789,48790,48792,48794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48791,2728],{"class":53},[47,48793,58],{"class":57},[47,48795,48796],{"class":284}," None\n",[47,48798,48799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,48800,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,48802,48803,48805],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,48804,30069],{"class":2027},[47,48806,6657],{"class":61},[47,48808,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817,48819],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,48810,8333],{"class":102},[47,48812,106],{"class":61},[47,48814,2471],{"class":882},[47,48816,106],{"class":61},[47,48818,2753],{"class":92},[47,48820,1978],{"class":61},[47,48822,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,48824,30100],{"class":2027},[47,48826,48455],{"class":882},[47,48828,47626],{"class":2027},[47,48830,47629],{"class":53},[47,48832,6657],{"class":61},[47,48834,48835,48837,48839,48841],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,48836,8333],{"class":102},[47,48838,106],{"class":61},[47,48840,47658],{"class":92},[47,48842,216],{"class":61},[1404,48844,48846],{"id":48845},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48848,48706],{},[38,48850,48851],{"className":40,"code":48237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48852,48853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48854,48855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48856,48237],{"class":114},[20,48858,48859],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,48861,48862],{"className":40,"code":48090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48863,48864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48865,48866,48868,48870,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882,48884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48867,103],{"class":102},[47,48869,106],{"class":61},[47,48871,2471],{"class":882},[47,48873,106],{"class":61},[47,48875,633],{"class":632},[47,48877,46860],{"class":636},[47,48879,633],{"class":632},[47,48881,69],{"class":61},[47,48883,77],{"class":65},[47,48885,1978],{"class":61},[1404,48887,8717,48889,48891],{"id":48888},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48890,3157],{}," to round",[20,48893,48894],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,48896,48898],{"className":40,"code":48897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48899,48900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48901,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910,48913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48903,103],{"class":102},[47,48905,106],{"class":61},[47,48907,2471],{"class":882},[47,48909,106],{"class":61},[47,48911,48912],{"class":65},"4.9",[47,48914,1978],{"class":61},[20,48916,219],{},[38,48918,48920],{"className":40,"code":48919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,48921,48922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48923,48924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48925,48919],{"class":65},[20,48927,3447,48928,48930,48931,48933],{},[15,48929,173],{},", remember that ",[15,48932,3157],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[33,48935,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,48937,2082,48939,48941],{"id":48938},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48940,3157],{}," round numbers?",[20,48943,46633,48944,48946],{},[15,48945,3157],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1404,48948,5424,48950,48953],{"id":48949},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48951,48952],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48955,29326,48956,48958,48959,48961,48962,40194],{},[15,48957,48363],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48960,3164],{}," first, then use ",[15,48963,3157],{},[1404,48965,5408,48967,12978],{"id":48966},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48968,48969],{},"int(True)",[20,48971,5414,48972,28578,48974,42421,48976,89],{},[15,48973,232],{},[15,48975,294],{},[15,48977,2403],{},[1404,48979,48981],{"id":48980},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48983,48984],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[33,48986,2187],{"id":2186},[138,48988,48989,48995,49001,49007,49012,49016,49022],{},[141,48990,48991],{},[252,48992,48993,3785],{"href":3161},[15,48994,3164],{},[141,48996,48997],{},[252,48998,48999,3785],{"href":42441},[15,49000,47952],{},[141,49002,49003],{},[252,49004,49005,3785],{"href":6047},[15,49006,4085],{},[141,49008,49009],{},[252,49010,49011],{"href":3242},"How to convert string to int in Python",[141,49013,49014],{},[252,49015,9322],{"href":9244},[141,49017,49018],{},[252,49019,49020,3785],{"href":8484},[15,49021,3238],{},[141,49023,49024],{},[252,49025,30613,49026],{"href":46184},[15,49027,46185],{},[2210,49029,49030],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":49032},[49033,49034,49036,49040,49045,49047,49049,49054,49058,49060,49069,49078],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":46897,"depth":83,"text":49035},"What int() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":49037},[49038,49039],{"id":47088,"depth":99,"text":47091},{"id":47188,"depth":99,"text":47191},{"id":47324,"depth":83,"text":49041,"children":49042},"Using int() with strings",[49043,49044],{"id":47446,"depth":99,"text":47447},{"id":47534,"depth":99,"text":47535},{"id":47809,"depth":83,"text":49046},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47955,"depth":83,"text":49048},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48075,"depth":83,"text":48076,"children":49050},[49051,49052,49053],{"id":48086,"depth":99,"text":48087},{"id":48155,"depth":99,"text":48156},{"id":48196,"depth":99,"text":48197},{"id":48254,"depth":83,"text":48255,"children":49055},[49056,49057],{"id":41779,"depth":99,"text":40969},{"id":41845,"depth":99,"text":1574},{"id":48598,"depth":83,"text":49059},"When to use int()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":49061},[49062,49063,49064,49066,49067],{"id":48702,"depth":99,"text":48703},{"id":48754,"depth":99,"text":48755},{"id":48772,"depth":99,"text":49065},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48845,"depth":99,"text":48846},{"id":48888,"depth":99,"text":49068},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":49070},[49071,49073,49075,49077],{"id":48938,"depth":99,"text":49072},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48949,"depth":99,"text":49074},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48966,"depth":99,"text":49076},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48980,"depth":99,"text":48981},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42362,"description":49079},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49086,"title":49087,"body":49088,"description":50924,"extension":2248,"meta":50925,"navigation":203,"path":45070,"seo":50926,"stem":50927,"__hash__":50928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49089,"toc":50880},[49090,49095,49100,49108,49117,49119,49178,49184,49189,49194,49197,49225,49228,49231,49242,49252,49254,49256,49276,49280,49308,49310,49349,49351,49359,49361,49364,49368,49421,49423,49435,49439,49496,49498,49510,49516,49522,49526,49529,49532,49598,49600,49612,49618,49620,49672,49675,49716,49719,49726,49735,49741,49744,49777,49783,49786,49817,49823,49826,49838,49842,49847,49851,50009,50011,50026,50029,50033,50137,50139,50156,50160,50221,50223,50231,50234,50238,50305,50307,50316,50322,50324,50333,50335,50370,50375,50377,50407,50411,50413,50450,50453,50455,50492,50498,50500,50550,50552,50560,50570,50576,50580,50585,50634,50636,50649,50652,50654,50657,50732,50735,50754,50757,50787,50797,50799,50804,50811,50817,50823,50830,50838,50844,50847,50849,50877],[10,49091,1386,49093,3855],{"id":49092},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49094,45073],{},[20,49096,49097,49099],{},[15,49098,45073],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49101,49102,49103,3158,49105,49107],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49104,367],{},[15,49106,294],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49109,49110,49111,49113,49114,49116],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49112,45073],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49115,2584],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[33,49118,3884],{"id":3883},[38,49120,49122],{"className":40,"code":49121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49123,49124,49132,49136,49157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49125,49126,49128,49130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49127,2728],{"class":53},[47,49129,58],{"class":57},[47,49131,2867],{"class":65},[47,49133,49134],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49135,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49137,49138,49140,49142,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49139,103],{"class":102},[47,49141,106],{"class":61},[47,49143,49144],{"class":102},"isinstance",[47,49146,106],{"class":61},[47,49148,2753],{"class":92},[47,49150,69],{"class":61},[47,49152,45544],{"class":882},[47,49154,5628],{"class":61},[47,49156,44122],{"class":114},[47,49158,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171,49174,49176],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,49160,103],{"class":102},[47,49162,106],{"class":61},[47,49164,49144],{"class":102},[47,49166,106],{"class":61},[47,49168,2753],{"class":92},[47,49170,69],{"class":61},[47,49172,49173],{"class":882}," str",[47,49175,5628],{"class":61},[47,49177,44139],{"class":114},[20,49179,118,49180,49183],{},[15,49181,49182],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[33,49185,128,49187,131],{"id":49186},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49188,45073],{},[20,49190,49191,49193],{},[15,49192,45073],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49195,49196],{},"It:",[138,49198,49199,49202,49208,49211],{},[141,49200,49201],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[141,49203,149,49204,3158,49206],{},[15,49205,367],{},[15,49207,294],{},[141,49209,49210],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[141,49212,49213,49214,2472,49216,2472,49218,2472,49220,17337,49223],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49215,883],{},[15,49217,2471],{},[15,49219,8358],{},[15,49221,49222],{},"tuple",[15,49224,9085],{},[20,49226,49227],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49229,49230],{},"For example, you might want to:",[138,49232,49233,49236,49239],{},[141,49234,49235],{},"loop through a list",[141,49237,49238],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[141,49240,49241],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49243,49244,49245,3158,49248,89],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[252,49246,45065],{"href":49247},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[252,49249,49251],{"href":49250},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[33,49253,259],{"id":258},[20,49255,2442],{},[38,49257,49259],{"className":40,"code":49258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49260,49261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49262,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49264,49144],{"class":102},[47,49266,106],{"class":61},[47,49268,42665],{"class":882},[47,49270,69],{"class":61},[47,49272,49273],{"class":92}," classinfo",[47,49275,216],{"class":61},[1404,49277,49279],{"id":49278},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[138,49281,49282,49287,49301],{},[141,49283,49284,49286],{},[15,49285,42665],{}," is the value you want to test",[141,49288,49289,49292,49293,2472,49295,2472,49297,2476,49299],{},[15,49290,49291],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49294,2471],{},[15,49296,883],{},[15,49298,8358],{},[15,49300,9085],{},[141,49302,49303,49304,3158,49306],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49305,367],{},[15,49307,294],{},[20,49309,318],{},[38,49311,49313],{"className":40,"code":49312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49314,49315,49327,49331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49316,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49318,8140],{"class":53},[47,49320,58],{"class":57},[47,49322,644],{"class":632},[47,49324,11773],{"class":636},[47,49326,1609],{"class":632},[47,49328,49329],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49330,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49332,49333,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49334,103],{"class":102},[47,49336,106],{"class":61},[47,49338,49144],{"class":102},[47,49340,106],{"class":61},[47,49342,7932],{"class":92},[47,49344,69],{"class":61},[47,49346,49173],{"class":882},[47,49348,1978],{"class":61},[20,49350,219],{},[38,49352,49353],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49354,49355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49356,49357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49358,4249],{"class":284},[33,49360,11739],{"id":11738},[20,49362,49363],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1404,49365,49367],{"id":49366},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,49369,49371],{"className":40,"code":49370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49372,49373,49381,49385,49403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49374,49375,49377,49379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49376,2728],{"class":53},[47,49378,58],{"class":57},[47,49380,45493],{"class":65},[47,49382,49383],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49384,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49386,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49388,103],{"class":102},[47,49390,106],{"class":61},[47,49392,49144],{"class":102},[47,49394,106],{"class":61},[47,49396,2753],{"class":92},[47,49398,69],{"class":61},[47,49400,45544],{"class":882},[47,49402,1978],{"class":61},[47,49404,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,49406,103],{"class":102},[47,49408,106],{"class":61},[47,49410,49144],{"class":102},[47,49412,106],{"class":61},[47,49414,2753],{"class":92},[47,49416,69],{"class":61},[47,49418,49173],{"class":882},[47,49420,1978],{"class":61},[20,49422,219],{},[38,49424,49425],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49426,49427,49431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49428,49429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49430,4249],{"class":284},[47,49432,49433],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49434,4310],{"class":284},[1404,49436,49438],{"id":49437},"check-text","Check text",[38,49440,49442],{"className":40,"code":49441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49443,49444,49456,49460,49478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49445,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49447,1600],{"class":53},[47,49449,58],{"class":57},[47,49451,644],{"class":632},[47,49453,4118],{"class":636},[47,49455,1609],{"class":632},[47,49457,49458],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49459,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49461,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49463,103],{"class":102},[47,49465,106],{"class":61},[47,49467,49144],{"class":102},[47,49469,106],{"class":61},[47,49471,1614],{"class":92},[47,49473,69],{"class":61},[47,49475,49173],{"class":882},[47,49477,1978],{"class":61},[47,49479,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,49481,103],{"class":102},[47,49483,106],{"class":61},[47,49485,49144],{"class":102},[47,49487,106],{"class":61},[47,49489,1614],{"class":92},[47,49491,69],{"class":61},[47,49493,45544],{"class":882},[47,49495,1978],{"class":61},[20,49497,219],{},[38,49499,49500],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49501,49502,49506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49503,49504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49505,4249],{"class":284},[47,49507,49508],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49509,4310],{"class":284},[20,49511,49512,49513,49515],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49514,45073],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49517,49518,49519,89],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[252,49520,49521],{"href":3242},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,49523,49525],{"id":49524},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49527,49528],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49530,49531],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,49533,49535],{"className":40,"code":49534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49536,49537,49546,49550,49574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49538,49539,49541,49543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49540,2728],{"class":53},[47,49542,58],{"class":57},[47,49544,49545],{"class":65}," 3.5\n",[47,49547,49548],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49549,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49551,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49553,103],{"class":102},[47,49555,106],{"class":61},[47,49557,49144],{"class":102},[47,49559,106],{"class":61},[47,49561,2753],{"class":92},[47,49563,69],{"class":61},[47,49565,9500],{"class":61},[47,49567,2471],{"class":882},[47,49569,69],{"class":61},[47,49571,40520],{"class":882},[47,49573,3192],{"class":61},[47,49575,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,49577,103],{"class":102},[47,49579,106],{"class":61},[47,49581,49144],{"class":102},[47,49583,106],{"class":61},[47,49585,2753],{"class":92},[47,49587,69],{"class":61},[47,49589,9500],{"class":61},[47,49591,883],{"class":882},[47,49593,69],{"class":61},[47,49595,1644],{"class":882},[47,49597,3192],{"class":61},[20,49599,219],{},[38,49601,49602],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49603,49604,49608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49605,49606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49607,4249],{"class":284},[47,49609,49610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49611,4310],{"class":284},[20,49613,49614,49615,49617],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49616,41102],{}," conditions.",[20,49619,8563],{},[38,49621,49623],{"className":40,"code":49622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49624,49625,49633,49637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49626,49627,49629,49631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49628,2728],{"class":53},[47,49630,58],{"class":57},[47,49632,49545],{"class":65},[47,49634,49635],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49636,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49638,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49640,103],{"class":102},[47,49642,106],{"class":61},[47,49644,1971],{"class":882},[47,49646,106],{"class":61},[47,49648,2753],{"class":92},[47,49650,111],{"class":61},[47,49652,6672],{"class":57},[47,49654,45544],{"class":882},[47,49656,48504],{"class":2027},[47,49658,49659],{"class":882}," type",[47,49661,106],{"class":61},[47,49663,2753],{"class":92},[47,49665,111],{"class":61},[47,49667,6672],{"class":57},[47,49669,40520],{"class":882},[47,49671,216],{"class":61},[20,49673,49674],{},"you can write this:",[38,49676,49678],{"className":40,"code":49677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49679,49680,49688,49692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49681,49682,49684,49686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49683,2728],{"class":53},[47,49685,58],{"class":57},[47,49687,49545],{"class":65},[47,49689,49690],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49691,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49693,49694,49696,49698,49700,49702,49704,49706,49708,49710,49712,49714],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49695,103],{"class":102},[47,49697,106],{"class":61},[47,49699,49144],{"class":102},[47,49701,106],{"class":61},[47,49703,2753],{"class":92},[47,49705,69],{"class":61},[47,49707,9500],{"class":61},[47,49709,2471],{"class":882},[47,49711,69],{"class":61},[47,49713,40520],{"class":882},[47,49715,3192],{"class":61},[20,49717,49718],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[33,49720,49722,1225,49724],{"id":49721},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49723,45073],{},[15,49725,2584],{},[20,49727,10855,49728,1233,49730,49734],{},[15,49729,45073],{},[252,49731,49732],{"href":2581},[15,49733,2584],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1404,49736,49738],{"id":49737},"typevalue-int",[15,49739,49740],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49742,49743],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,49745,49747],{"className":40,"code":49746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49748,49749,49757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49750,49751,49753,49755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49752,2728],{"class":53},[47,49754,58],{"class":57},[47,49756,2867],{"class":65},[47,49758,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49760,103],{"class":102},[47,49762,106],{"class":61},[47,49764,1971],{"class":882},[47,49766,106],{"class":61},[47,49768,2753],{"class":92},[47,49770,111],{"class":61},[47,49772,6672],{"class":57},[47,49774,45544],{"class":882},[47,49776,216],{"class":61},[1404,49778,49780],{"id":49779},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49781,49782],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49784,49785],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,49787,49789],{"className":40,"code":49788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49790,49791,49799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49792,49793,49795,49797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49794,2728],{"class":53},[47,49796,58],{"class":57},[47,49798,2867],{"class":65},[47,49800,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49802,103],{"class":102},[47,49804,106],{"class":61},[47,49806,49144],{"class":102},[47,49808,106],{"class":61},[47,49810,2753],{"class":92},[47,49812,69],{"class":61},[47,49814,45544],{"class":882},[47,49816,1978],{"class":61},[20,49818,49819,49820,49822],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49821,45073],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49824,49825],{},"In everyday code:",[138,49827,49828,49833],{},[141,49829,40255,49830,49832],{},[15,49831,2584],{}," when you need the exact type",[141,49834,40255,49835,49837],{},[15,49836,45073],{}," when you want a practical type check",[33,49839,49841],{"id":49840},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49843,49844,49845,89],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49846,45073],{},[1404,49848,49850],{"id":49849},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,49852,49854],{"className":40,"code":49853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49855,49856,49874,49893,49905,49910,49928,49939,49943,49955,49959,49983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49857,49858,49860,49863,49865,49867,49869,49872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49859,35116],{"class":2348},[47,49861,49862],{"class":35119}," repeat_text",[47,49864,106],{"class":61},[47,49866,1614],{"class":37927},[47,49868,69],{"class":61},[47,49870,49871],{"class":37927}," count",[47,49873,8606],{"class":61},[47,49875,49876,49878,49880,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,49877,6662],{"class":2027},[47,49879,8364],{"class":57},[47,49881,49882],{"class":102}," isinstance",[47,49884,106],{"class":61},[47,49886,1614],{"class":92},[47,49888,69],{"class":61},[47,49890,49173],{"class":882},[47,49892,8606],{"class":61},[47,49894,49895,49898,49900,49903],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,49896,49897],{"class":2027},"        return",[47,49899,644],{"class":632},[47,49901,49902],{"class":636},"text must be a string",[47,49904,1609],{"class":632},[47,49906,49907],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,49908,49909],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49911,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,49913,6662],{"class":2027},[47,49915,8364],{"class":57},[47,49917,49882],{"class":102},[47,49919,106],{"class":61},[47,49921,41525],{"class":92},[47,49923,69],{"class":61},[47,49925,45544],{"class":882},[47,49927,8606],{"class":61},[47,49929,49930,49932,49934,49937],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,49931,49897],{"class":2027},[47,49933,644],{"class":632},[47,49935,49936],{"class":636},"count must be an integer",[47,49938,1609],{"class":632},[47,49940,49941],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,49942,49909],{"class":53},[47,49944,49945,49947,49950,49952],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,49946,35127],{"class":2027},[47,49948,49949],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49951,40137],{"class":57},[47,49953,49954],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49956,49957],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,49958,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,49960,49961,49963,49965,49968,49970,49972,49975,49977,49979,49981],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,49962,103],{"class":102},[47,49964,106],{"class":61},[47,49966,49967],{"class":92},"repeat_text",[47,49969,106],{"class":61},[47,49971,633],{"class":632},[47,49973,49974],{"class":636},"Hi ",[47,49976,633],{"class":632},[47,49978,69],{"class":61},[47,49980,442],{"class":65},[47,49982,1978],{"class":61},[47,49984,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007],{"class":49,"line":11859},[47,49986,103],{"class":102},[47,49988,106],{"class":61},[47,49990,49967],{"class":92},[47,49992,106],{"class":61},[47,49994,633],{"class":632},[47,49996,49974],{"class":636},[47,49998,633],{"class":632},[47,50000,69],{"class":61},[47,50002,644],{"class":632},[47,50004,66],{"class":636},[47,50006,633],{"class":632},[47,50008,1978],{"class":61},[20,50010,219],{},[38,50012,50014],{"className":40,"code":50013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50015,50016,50021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50017,50018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50019,50020],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,50022,50023],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50024,50025],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50027,50028],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1404,50030,50032],{"id":50031},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,50034,50036],{"className":40,"code":50035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50037,50038,50070,50074,50090,50105,50122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50039,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50041,2728],{"class":53},[47,50043,58],{"class":57},[47,50045,62],{"class":61},[47,50047,633],{"class":632},[47,50049,252],{"class":636},[47,50051,633],{"class":632},[47,50053,69],{"class":61},[47,50055,644],{"class":632},[47,50057,5026],{"class":636},[47,50059,633],{"class":632},[47,50061,69],{"class":61},[47,50063,644],{"class":632},[47,50065,10004],{"class":636},[47,50067,633],{"class":632},[47,50069,80],{"class":61},[47,50071,50072],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50073,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,50075,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50077,7262],{"class":2027},[47,50079,49882],{"class":102},[47,50081,106],{"class":61},[47,50083,2753],{"class":92},[47,50085,69],{"class":61},[47,50087,49173],{"class":882},[47,50089,8606],{"class":61},[47,50091,50092,50094,50096,50098,50101,50103],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50093,8333],{"class":102},[47,50095,106],{"class":61},[47,50097,633],{"class":632},[47,50099,50100],{"class":636},"This is text",[47,50102,633],{"class":632},[47,50104,216],{"class":61},[47,50106,50107,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,50108,50109],{"class":2027},"elif",[47,50111,49882],{"class":102},[47,50113,106],{"class":61},[47,50115,2753],{"class":92},[47,50117,69],{"class":61},[47,50119,1644],{"class":882},[47,50121,8606],{"class":61},[47,50123,50124,50126,50128,50130,50133,50135],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,50125,8333],{"class":102},[47,50127,106],{"class":61},[47,50129,633],{"class":632},[47,50131,50132],{"class":636},"This is a list",[47,50134,633],{"class":632},[47,50136,216],{"class":61},[20,50138,219],{},[38,50140,50142],{"className":40,"code":50141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,50143,50144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50145,50146,50149,50151,50153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50147,50148],{"class":53},"This ",[47,50150,12457],{"class":57},[47,50152,44812],{"class":53},[47,50154,50155],{"class":882},"list\n",[1404,50157,50159],{"id":50158},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,50161,50163],{"className":40,"code":50162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50164,50165,50177,50181,50197,50211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50166,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50168,2728],{"class":53},[47,50170,58],{"class":57},[47,50172,644],{"class":632},[47,50174,46794],{"class":636},[47,50176,1609],{"class":632},[47,50178,50179],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50180,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,50182,50183,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50184,7262],{"class":2027},[47,50186,49882],{"class":102},[47,50188,106],{"class":61},[47,50190,2753],{"class":92},[47,50192,69],{"class":61},[47,50194,49173],{"class":882},[47,50196,8606],{"class":61},[47,50198,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50200,42156],{"class":53},[47,50202,58],{"class":57},[47,50204,45544],{"class":882},[47,50206,106],{"class":61},[47,50208,2753],{"class":92},[47,50210,216],{"class":61},[47,50212,50213,50215,50217,50219],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,50214,8333],{"class":102},[47,50216,106],{"class":61},[47,50218,2522],{"class":92},[47,50220,216],{"class":61},[20,50222,219],{},[38,50224,50225],{"className":40,"code":46880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50226,50227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50228,50229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50230,46880],{"class":65},[20,50232,50233],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1404,50235,50237],{"id":50236},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,50239,50241],{"className":40,"code":50240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50242,50243,50267,50271,50287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50244,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50246,2728],{"class":53},[47,50248,58],{"class":57},[47,50250,10756],{"class":61},[47,50252,633],{"class":632},[47,50254,7932],{"class":636},[47,50256,633],{"class":632},[47,50258,136],{"class":61},[47,50260,644],{"class":632},[47,50262,13143],{"class":636},[47,50264,633],{"class":632},[47,50266,9573],{"class":61},[47,50268,50269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50270,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,50272,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50274,7262],{"class":2027},[47,50276,49882],{"class":102},[47,50278,106],{"class":61},[47,50280,2753],{"class":92},[47,50282,69],{"class":61},[47,50284,9435],{"class":882},[47,50286,8606],{"class":61},[47,50288,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50290,8333],{"class":102},[47,50292,106],{"class":61},[47,50294,2753],{"class":92},[47,50296,229],{"class":61},[47,50298,633],{"class":632},[47,50300,7932],{"class":636},[47,50302,633],{"class":632},[47,50304,2040],{"class":61},[20,50306,219],{},[38,50308,50310],{"className":40,"code":50309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,50311,50312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50313,50314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50315,50309],{"class":53},[20,50317,50318,50319,50321],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50320,1574],{}," messages later.",[33,50323,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,50325,50327,50328,11358,50331],{"id":50326},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50329,50330],{},"\"int\"",[15,50332,2471],{},[20,50334,1590],{},[38,50336,50338],{"className":40,"code":50337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50339,50340,50348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50341,50342,50344,50346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50343,2728],{"class":53},[47,50345,58],{"class":57},[47,50347,2867],{"class":65},[47,50349,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50351,103],{"class":102},[47,50353,106],{"class":61},[47,50355,49144],{"class":102},[47,50357,106],{"class":61},[47,50359,2753],{"class":92},[47,50361,69],{"class":61},[47,50363,644],{"class":632},[47,50365,2471],{"class":636},[47,50367,633],{"class":632},[47,50369,1978],{"class":61},[20,50371,50372,50374],{},[15,50373,50330],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50376,16920],{},[38,50378,50379],{"className":40,"code":49788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50380,50381,50389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50382,50383,50385,50387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50384,2728],{"class":53},[47,50386,58],{"class":57},[47,50388,2867],{"class":65},[47,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50392,103],{"class":102},[47,50394,106],{"class":61},[47,50396,49144],{"class":102},[47,50398,106],{"class":61},[47,50400,2753],{"class":92},[47,50402,69],{"class":61},[47,50404,45544],{"class":882},[47,50406,1978],{"class":61},[1404,50408,50410],{"id":50409},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50412,1590],{},[38,50414,50416],{"className":40,"code":50415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50417,50418,50426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50419,50420,50422,50424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50421,2728],{"class":53},[47,50423,58],{"class":57},[47,50425,35107],{"class":65},[47,50427,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50429,103],{"class":102},[47,50431,106],{"class":61},[47,50433,49144],{"class":102},[47,50435,106],{"class":61},[47,50437,2753],{"class":92},[47,50439,69],{"class":61},[47,50441,62],{"class":61},[47,50443,2471],{"class":882},[47,50445,69],{"class":61},[47,50447,40520],{"class":882},[47,50449,3278],{"class":61},[20,50451,50452],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50454,16920],{},[38,50456,50458],{"className":40,"code":50457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50459,50460,50468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50461,50462,50464,50466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50463,2728],{"class":53},[47,50465,58],{"class":57},[47,50467,35107],{"class":65},[47,50469,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50471,103],{"class":102},[47,50473,106],{"class":61},[47,50475,49144],{"class":102},[47,50477,106],{"class":61},[47,50479,2753],{"class":92},[47,50481,69],{"class":61},[47,50483,9500],{"class":61},[47,50485,2471],{"class":882},[47,50487,69],{"class":61},[47,50489,40520],{"class":882},[47,50491,3192],{"class":61},[1404,50493,26038,50495,50497],{"id":50494},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50496,45073],{}," converts a value",[20,50499,19178],{},[38,50501,50503],{"className":40,"code":50502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50504,50505,50518,50536,50540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50506,50507,50509,50511,50513,50516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50508,2728],{"class":53},[47,50510,58],{"class":57},[47,50512,644],{"class":632},[47,50514,50515],{"class":636},"123",[47,50517,1609],{"class":632},[47,50519,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50521,1442],{"class":53},[47,50523,58],{"class":57},[47,50525,49882],{"class":102},[47,50527,106],{"class":61},[47,50529,2753],{"class":92},[47,50531,69],{"class":61},[47,50533,45544],{"class":882},[47,50535,216],{"class":61},[47,50537,50538],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50539,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,50541,50542,50544,50546,50548],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50543,103],{"class":102},[47,50545,106],{"class":61},[47,50547,1466],{"class":92},[47,50549,216],{"class":61},[20,50551,219],{},[38,50553,50554],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50555,50556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50557,50558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50559,4310],{"class":284},[20,50561,50562,50563,50566,50567,50569],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50564,50565],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50568,50515],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50571,50572,50573,1519],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50574,50575],{},"int(value)",[1404,50577,50579],{"id":50578},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50581,50582,50584],{},[15,50583,45073],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,50586,50588],{"className":40,"code":50587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50589,50590,50602,50606,50624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50591,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50593,2728],{"class":53},[47,50595,58],{"class":57},[47,50597,644],{"class":632},[47,50599,13822],{"class":636},[47,50601,1609],{"class":632},[47,50603,50604],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50605,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,50607,50608,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50609,103],{"class":102},[47,50611,106],{"class":61},[47,50613,49144],{"class":102},[47,50615,106],{"class":61},[47,50617,2753],{"class":92},[47,50619,69],{"class":61},[47,50621,49173],{"class":882},[47,50623,1978],{"class":61},[47,50625,50626,50628,50630,50632],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50627,103],{"class":102},[47,50629,106],{"class":61},[47,50631,2753],{"class":92},[47,50633,216],{"class":61},[20,50635,219],{},[38,50637,50639],{"className":40,"code":50638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,50640,50641,50645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50642,50643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50644,4249],{"class":284},[47,50646,50647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50648,47531],{"class":65},[20,50650,50651],{},"The value stays the same.",[33,50653,26206],{"id":26205},[20,50655,50656],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,50658,50660],{"className":40,"code":50659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50661,50662,50676,50694,50718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50663,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50665,103],{"class":102},[47,50667,106],{"class":61},[47,50669,1971],{"class":882},[47,50671,106],{"class":61},[47,50673,2753],{"class":92},[47,50675,1978],{"class":61},[47,50677,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50679,103],{"class":102},[47,50681,106],{"class":61},[47,50683,49144],{"class":102},[47,50685,106],{"class":61},[47,50687,2753],{"class":92},[47,50689,69],{"class":61},[47,50691,45544],{"class":882},[47,50693,1978],{"class":61},[47,50695,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,50697,103],{"class":102},[47,50699,106],{"class":61},[47,50701,49144],{"class":102},[47,50703,106],{"class":61},[47,50705,2753],{"class":92},[47,50707,69],{"class":61},[47,50709,9500],{"class":61},[47,50711,2471],{"class":882},[47,50713,69],{"class":61},[47,50715,40520],{"class":882},[47,50717,3192],{"class":61},[47,50719,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,50721,103],{"class":102},[47,50723,106],{"class":61},[47,50725,42045],{"class":102},[47,50727,106],{"class":61},[47,50729,2753],{"class":92},[47,50731,1978],{"class":61},[20,50733,50734],{},"These can help when:",[138,50736,50737,50740,50745,50748],{},[141,50738,50739],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[141,50741,50742,50743],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50744,1574],{},[141,50746,50747],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[141,50749,50750,50751,50753],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50752,45073],{}," is invalid",[20,50755,50756],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[138,50758,50759,50773,50779,50784],{},[141,50760,50761,50762,3158,50765,50768,50769,3158,50771],{},"using ",[15,50763,50764],{},"'int'",[15,50766,50767],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50770,2471],{},[15,50772,883],{},[141,50774,50775,50776,50778],{},"expecting ",[15,50777,45073],{}," to convert a value",[141,50780,50761,50781,50783],{},[15,50782,2584],{}," when inherited types should also match",[141,50785,50786],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50788,50789,50790,89],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[252,50791,50793,50794],{"href":50792},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50795,50796],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[33,50798,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,50800,5408,50802,5411],{"id":50801},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50803,45073],{},[20,50805,5414,50806,50808,50809,89],{},[15,50807,367],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50810,294],{},[1404,50812,5436,50814,50816],{"id":50813},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50815,45073],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50818,50819,50820,89],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50821,50822],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1404,50824,2094,50826,1233,50828,2099],{"id":50825},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50827,45073],{},[15,50829,2584],{},[20,50831,50832,50834,50835,50837],{},[15,50833,2584],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50836,45073],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1404,50839,2082,50841,50843],{"id":50840},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50842,45073],{}," convert a value?",[20,50845,50846],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[33,50848,2187],{"id":2186},[138,50850,50851,50857,50861,50866,50871],{},[141,50852,50853],{},[252,50854,1386,50855,3785],{"href":2581},[15,50856,2584],{},[141,50858,50859],{},[252,50860,45065],{"href":49247},[141,50862,50863],{},[252,50864,50865],{"href":3242},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[141,50867,50868],{},[252,50869,50870],{"href":49250},"What is a data type in Python?",[141,50872,50873],{},[252,50874,50793,50875],{"href":50792},[15,50876,50796],{},[2210,50878,50879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":50881},[50882,50883,50885,50888,50892,50893,50898,50904,50912,50913,50923],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":49186,"depth":83,"text":50884},"What isinstance() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":50886},[50887],{"id":49278,"depth":99,"text":49279},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739,"children":50889},[50890,50891],{"id":49366,"depth":99,"text":49367},{"id":49437,"depth":99,"text":49438},{"id":49524,"depth":83,"text":49525},{"id":49721,"depth":83,"text":50894,"children":50895},"isinstance() vs type()",[50896,50897],{"id":49737,"depth":99,"text":49740},{"id":49779,"depth":99,"text":49782},{"id":49840,"depth":83,"text":49841,"children":50899},[50900,50901,50902,50903],{"id":49849,"depth":99,"text":49850},{"id":50031,"depth":99,"text":50032},{"id":50158,"depth":99,"text":50159},{"id":50236,"depth":99,"text":50237},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":50905},[50906,50908,50909,50911],{"id":50326,"depth":99,"text":50907},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50409,"depth":99,"text":50410},{"id":50494,"depth":99,"text":50910},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50578,"depth":99,"text":50579},{"id":26205,"depth":83,"text":26206},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":50914},[50915,50917,50919,50921],{"id":50801,"depth":99,"text":50916},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50813,"depth":99,"text":50918},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50825,"depth":99,"text":50920},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50840,"depth":99,"text":50922},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49087,"description":50924},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50930,"title":50931,"body":50932,"description":52904,"extension":2248,"meta":52905,"navigation":203,"path":52906,"seo":52907,"stem":52908,"__hash__":52909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50933,"toc":52879},[50934,50937,50942,50947,50961,50964,50966,51041,51046,51050,51055,51058,51072,51074,51240,51252,51254,51256,51271,51274,51277,51290,51292,51390,51394,51400,51403,51412,51414,51449,51454,51475,51480,51485,51517,51520,51577,51581,51587,51590,51643,51645,51685,51688,51756,51759,51810,51817,51821,51827,51912,51918,51924,51973,51976,51979,52029,52031,52036,52040,52090,52094,52141,52145,52222,52226,52291,52294,52298,52303,52308,52320,52322,52341,52347,52350,52369,52374,52401,52408,52412,52418,52421,52516,52519,52522,52571,52576,52578,52582,52617,52620,52677,52687,52690,52724,52727,52729,52733,52736,52740,52743,52747,52750,52754,52767,52771,52776,52778,52828,52840,52842,52876],[10,50935,50931],{"id":50936},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50938,9387,50939,50941],{},[15,50940,42627],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50943,35671,50944,50946],{},[15,50945,42627],{}," to count:",[138,50948,50949,50952,50955,50958],{},[141,50950,50951],{},"characters in a string",[141,50953,50954],{},"items in a list or tuple",[141,50956,50957],{},"keys in a dictionary",[141,50959,50960],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50962,50963],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[33,50965,36],{"id":35},[38,50967,50969],{"className":40,"code":50968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50970,50971,50983,51003,51007,51024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50972,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50974,1600],{"class":53},[47,50976,58],{"class":57},[47,50978,644],{"class":632},[47,50980,4118],{"class":636},[47,50982,1609],{"class":632},[47,50984,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,50986,1536],{"class":53},[47,50988,58],{"class":57},[47,50990,62],{"class":61},[47,50992,437],{"class":65},[47,50994,69],{"class":61},[47,50996,8054],{"class":65},[47,50998,69],{"class":61},[47,51000,8059],{"class":65},[47,51002,80],{"class":61},[47,51004,51005],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51006,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51008,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51010,103],{"class":102},[47,51012,106],{"class":61},[47,51014,969],{"class":102},[47,51016,106],{"class":61},[47,51018,1614],{"class":92},[47,51020,5628],{"class":61},[47,51022,51023],{"class":114},"   # 5\n",[47,51025,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,51027,103],{"class":102},[47,51029,106],{"class":61},[47,51031,969],{"class":102},[47,51033,106],{"class":61},[47,51035,1562],{"class":92},[47,51037,5628],{"class":61},[47,51039,51040],{"class":114},"  # 3\n",[20,51042,118,51043,51045],{},[15,51044,42627],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[33,51047,51049],{"id":51048},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51051,51052,51054],{},[15,51053,42627],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51056,51057],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[138,51059,51060,51063,51066,51069],{},[141,51061,51062],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[141,51064,51065],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[141,51067,51068],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[141,51070,51071],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51073,318],{},[38,51075,51077],{"className":40,"code":51076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51078,51079,51091,51116,51148,51168,51172,51189,51206,51223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51080,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51082,8140],{"class":53},[47,51084,58],{"class":57},[47,51086,644],{"class":632},[47,51088,7941],{"class":636},[47,51090,1609],{"class":632},[47,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51114],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51094,54],{"class":53},[47,51096,58],{"class":57},[47,51098,62],{"class":61},[47,51100,437],{"class":65},[47,51102,69],{"class":61},[47,51104,8054],{"class":65},[47,51106,69],{"class":61},[47,51108,8059],{"class":65},[47,51110,69],{"class":61},[47,51112,51113],{"class":65}," 40",[47,51115,80],{"class":61},[47,51117,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51119,9430],{"class":53},[47,51121,58],{"class":57},[47,51123,10756],{"class":61},[47,51125,633],{"class":632},[47,51127,252],{"class":636},[47,51129,633],{"class":632},[47,51131,136],{"class":61},[47,51133,72],{"class":65},[47,51135,69],{"class":61},[47,51137,644],{"class":632},[47,51139,5026],{"class":636},[47,51141,633],{"class":632},[47,51143,136],{"class":61},[47,51145,77],{"class":65},[47,51147,9573],{"class":61},[47,51149,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51151,4095],{"class":53},[47,51153,58],{"class":57},[47,51155,10756],{"class":61},[47,51157,173],{"class":65},[47,51159,69],{"class":61},[47,51161,37908],{"class":65},[47,51163,69],{"class":61},[47,51165,343],{"class":65},[47,51167,9573],{"class":61},[47,51169,51170],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,51171,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,51175,103],{"class":102},[47,51177,106],{"class":61},[47,51179,969],{"class":102},[47,51181,106],{"class":61},[47,51183,7932],{"class":92},[47,51185,5628],{"class":61},[47,51187,51188],{"class":114},"     # 3\n",[47,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,51192,103],{"class":102},[47,51194,106],{"class":61},[47,51196,969],{"class":102},[47,51198,106],{"class":61},[47,51200,86],{"class":92},[47,51202,5628],{"class":61},[47,51204,51205],{"class":114},"  # 4\n",[47,51207,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,51209,103],{"class":102},[47,51211,106],{"class":61},[47,51213,969],{"class":102},[47,51215,106],{"class":61},[47,51217,9468],{"class":92},[47,51219,5628],{"class":61},[47,51221,51222],{"class":114},"     # 2\n",[47,51224,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,51226,103],{"class":102},[47,51228,106],{"class":61},[47,51230,969],{"class":102},[47,51232,106],{"class":61},[47,51234,5625],{"class":92},[47,51236,5628],{"class":61},[47,51238,51239],{"class":114},"   # 3\n",[20,51241,51242,51243,2472,51247,17337,51250,89],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[252,51244,51246],{"href":51245},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[252,51248,51249],{"href":254},"Python lists explained",[252,51251,9420],{"href":9419},[33,51253,259],{"id":258},[20,51255,2442],{},[38,51257,51259],{"className":40,"code":51258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,51260,51261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51262,51263,51265,51267,51269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51264,969],{"class":102},[47,51266,106],{"class":61},[47,51268,42665],{"class":882},[47,51270,216],{"class":61},[20,51272,51273],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51275,51276],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[138,51278,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287],{},[141,51280,38172],{},[141,51282,38166],{},[141,51284,38169],{},[141,51286,38175],{},[141,51288,51289],{},"a dictionary",[20,51291,318],{},[38,51293,51295],{"className":40,"code":51294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51296,51297,51318,51342,51364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51300,103],{"class":102},[47,51302,106],{"class":61},[47,51304,969],{"class":102},[47,51306,106],{"class":61},[47,51308,633],{"class":632},[47,51310,42],{"class":636},[47,51312,633],{"class":632},[47,51314,5628],{"class":61},[47,51316,51317],{"class":114},"      # 6\n",[47,51319,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51321,103],{"class":102},[47,51323,106],{"class":61},[47,51325,969],{"class":102},[47,51327,2015],{"class":61},[47,51329,232],{"class":65},[47,51331,69],{"class":61},[47,51333,77],{"class":65},[47,51335,69],{"class":61},[47,51337,442],{"class":65},[47,51339,5000],{"class":61},[47,51341,51188],{"class":114},[47,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352,51354,51356,51358,51361],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51345,103],{"class":102},[47,51347,106],{"class":61},[47,51349,969],{"class":102},[47,51351,5777],{"class":61},[47,51353,437],{"class":65},[47,51355,69],{"class":61},[47,51357,8054],{"class":65},[47,51359,51360],{"class":61},")))",[47,51362,51363],{"class":114},"      # 2\n",[47,51365,51366,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51387],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51367,103],{"class":102},[47,51369,106],{"class":61},[47,51371,969],{"class":102},[47,51373,5796],{"class":61},[47,51375,633],{"class":632},[47,51377,2456],{"class":636},[47,51379,633],{"class":632},[47,51381,136],{"class":61},[47,51383,72],{"class":65},[47,51385,51386],{"class":61},"}))",[47,51388,51389],{"class":114},"      # 1\n",[33,51391,51393],{"id":51392},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51395,51396,51397,51399],{},"When you use ",[15,51398,42627],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51401,51402],{},"That includes:",[138,51404,51405,51407,51409],{},[141,51406,1659],{},[141,51408,10717],{},[141,51410,51411],{},"punctuation",[20,51413,318],{},[38,51415,51417],{"className":40,"code":51416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51418,51419,51432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51420,51421,51423,51425,51427,51430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51422,1600],{"class":53},[47,51424,58],{"class":57},[47,51426,644],{"class":632},[47,51428,51429],{"class":636},"Hi there!",[47,51431,1609],{"class":632},[47,51433,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51435,103],{"class":102},[47,51437,106],{"class":61},[47,51439,969],{"class":102},[47,51441,106],{"class":61},[47,51443,1614],{"class":92},[47,51445,5628],{"class":61},[47,51447,51448],{"class":114},"  # 9\n",[20,51450,51451,51452,2099],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51453,2427],{},[138,51455,51456,51462,51466,51469],{},[141,51457,51458,51461],{},[15,51459,51460],{},"H"," = 1",[141,51463,51464,51461],{},[15,51465,36419],{},[141,51467,51468],{},"space = 1",[141,51470,51471,51474],{},[15,51472,51473],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51476,51477,51478],{},"Total: ",[15,51479,2427],{},[20,51481,51482,51483,136],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51484,2403],{},[38,51486,51488],{"className":40,"code":51487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51489,51490,51499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51491,51492,51495,51497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51493,51494],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51496,58],{"class":57},[47,51498,8145],{"class":632},[47,51500,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51512,51514],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51502,103],{"class":102},[47,51504,106],{"class":61},[47,51506,969],{"class":102},[47,51508,106],{"class":61},[47,51510,51511],{"class":92},"empty_text",[47,51513,5628],{"class":61},[47,51515,51516],{"class":114},"  # 0\n",[20,51518,51519],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,51521,51523],{"className":40,"code":51522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51524,51525,51538,51542,51562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51526,51527,51530,51532,51534,51536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51528,51529],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51531,58],{"class":57},[47,51533,644],{"class":632},[47,51535,5270],{"class":636},[47,51537,1609],{"class":632},[47,51539,51540],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51541,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51543,51544,51546,51548,51550,51553,51555,51558,51560],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51545,7262],{"class":2027},[47,51547,38650],{"class":102},[47,51549,106],{"class":61},[47,51551,51552],{"class":92},"user_name",[47,51554,111],{"class":61},[47,51556,51557],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51559,442],{"class":65},[47,51561,6657],{"class":61},[47,51563,51564,51566,51568,51570,51573,51575],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51565,8333],{"class":102},[47,51567,106],{"class":61},[47,51569,633],{"class":632},[47,51571,51572],{"class":636},"Name is long enough",[47,51574,633],{"class":632},[47,51576,216],{"class":61},[33,51578,51580],{"id":51579},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51582,51583,51584,51586],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51585,42627],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51588,51589],{},"Example with a list:",[38,51591,51593],{"className":40,"code":51592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51594,51595,51627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51596,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51598,13339],{"class":53},[47,51600,58],{"class":57},[47,51602,62],{"class":61},[47,51604,633],{"class":632},[47,51606,13356],{"class":636},[47,51608,633],{"class":632},[47,51610,69],{"class":61},[47,51612,644],{"class":632},[47,51614,17721],{"class":636},[47,51616,633],{"class":632},[47,51618,69],{"class":61},[47,51620,644],{"class":632},[47,51622,13373],{"class":636},[47,51624,633],{"class":632},[47,51626,80],{"class":61},[47,51628,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637,51639,51641],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51630,103],{"class":102},[47,51632,106],{"class":61},[47,51634,969],{"class":102},[47,51636,106],{"class":61},[47,51638,17768],{"class":92},[47,51640,5628],{"class":61},[47,51642,51040],{"class":114},[20,51644,38181],{},[38,51646,51648],{"className":40,"code":51647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51649,51650,51667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51651,51652,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51653,51654],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51656,58],{"class":57},[47,51658,9500],{"class":61},[47,51660,437],{"class":65},[47,51662,69],{"class":61},[47,51664,8054],{"class":65},[47,51666,216],{"class":61},[47,51668,51669,51671,51673,51675,51677,51680,51682],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51670,103],{"class":102},[47,51672,106],{"class":61},[47,51674,969],{"class":102},[47,51676,106],{"class":61},[47,51678,51679],{"class":92},"point",[47,51681,5628],{"class":61},[47,51683,51684],{"class":114},"  # 2\n",[20,51686,51687],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,51689,51691],{"className":40,"code":51690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51692,51693,51717,51721,51739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51694,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51696,1536],{"class":53},[47,51698,58],{"class":57},[47,51700,62],{"class":61},[47,51702,633],{"class":632},[47,51704,647],{"class":636},[47,51706,633],{"class":632},[47,51708,69],{"class":61},[47,51710,644],{"class":632},[47,51712,637],{"class":636},[47,51714,633],{"class":632},[47,51716,80],{"class":61},[47,51718,51719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51720,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51724,7262],{"class":2027},[47,51726,38650],{"class":102},[47,51728,106],{"class":61},[47,51730,1562],{"class":92},[47,51732,111],{"class":61},[47,51734,38660],{"class":57},[47,51736,72],{"class":65},[47,51738,6657],{"class":61},[47,51740,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51742,8333],{"class":102},[47,51744,106],{"class":61},[47,51746,1562],{"class":92},[47,51748,229],{"class":61},[47,51750,232],{"class":65},[47,51752,20711],{"class":61},[47,51754,51755],{"class":114},"  # banana\n",[20,51757,51758],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,51760,51762],{"className":40,"code":51761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51763,51764,51787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51765,51766,51768,51770,51772,51775,51777,51780,51782,51785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51767,5329],{"class":53},[47,51769,58],{"class":57},[47,51771,62],{"class":61},[47,51773,51774],{"class":65},"88",[47,51776,69],{"class":61},[47,51778,51779],{"class":65}," 91",[47,51781,69],{"class":61},[47,51783,51784],{"class":65}," 75",[47,51786,80],{"class":61},[47,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51790,103],{"class":102},[47,51792,106],{"class":61},[47,51794,633],{"class":632},[47,51796,51797],{"class":636},"Number of scores:",[47,51799,633],{"class":632},[47,51801,69],{"class":61},[47,51803,38650],{"class":102},[47,51805,106],{"class":61},[47,51807,16654],{"class":92},[47,51809,1978],{"class":61},[20,51811,51812,51813,89],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[252,51814,51816],{"href":51815},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[33,51818,51820],{"id":51819},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51822,51823,51824,51826],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51825,42627],{}," counts keys.",[38,51828,51830],{"className":40,"code":51829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51831,51832,51840,51858,51872,51888,51892,51896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51833,51834,51836,51838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51835,13126],{"class":53},[47,51837,58],{"class":57},[47,51839,11757],{"class":61},[47,51841,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51843,11762],{"class":632},[47,51845,7932],{"class":636},[47,51847,633],{"class":632},[47,51849,136],{"class":61},[47,51851,644],{"class":632},[47,51853,8185],{"class":636},[47,51855,633],{"class":632},[47,51857,11778],{"class":61},[47,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51861,11762],{"class":632},[47,51863,9563],{"class":636},[47,51865,633],{"class":632},[47,51867,136],{"class":61},[47,51869,31209],{"class":65},[47,51871,11778],{"class":61},[47,51873,51874,51876,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,51875,11762],{"class":632},[47,51877,20156],{"class":636},[47,51879,633],{"class":632},[47,51881,136],{"class":61},[47,51883,644],{"class":632},[47,51885,22511],{"class":636},[47,51887,1609],{"class":632},[47,51889,51890],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,51891,9573],{"class":61},[47,51893,51894],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,51895,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51897,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,51899,103],{"class":102},[47,51901,106],{"class":61},[47,51903,969],{"class":102},[47,51905,106],{"class":61},[47,51907,13890],{"class":92},[47,51909,5628],{"class":61},[47,51911,51040],{"class":114},[20,51913,51914,51915,51917],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51916,42627],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51919,51920,51921,51923],{},"For sets, ",[15,51922,42627],{}," counts unique items:",[38,51925,51927],{"className":40,"code":51926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51928,51929,51957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51930,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951,51953,51955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51932,54],{"class":53},[47,51934,58],{"class":57},[47,51936,10756],{"class":61},[47,51938,232],{"class":65},[47,51940,69],{"class":61},[47,51942,77],{"class":65},[47,51944,69],{"class":61},[47,51946,442],{"class":65},[47,51948,69],{"class":61},[47,51950,442],{"class":65},[47,51952,69],{"class":61},[47,51954,77],{"class":65},[47,51956,9573],{"class":61},[47,51958,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51960,103],{"class":102},[47,51962,106],{"class":61},[47,51964,969],{"class":102},[47,51966,106],{"class":61},[47,51968,86],{"class":92},[47,51970,5628],{"class":61},[47,51972,51040],{"class":114},[20,51974,51975],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51977,51978],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,51980,51982],{"className":40,"code":51981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51983,51984,51992,51996,52014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51985,51986,51988,51990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51987,9430],{"class":53},[47,51989,58],{"class":57},[47,51991,10103],{"class":61},[47,51993,51994],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,51995,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,51999,7262],{"class":2027},[47,52001,38650],{"class":102},[47,52003,106],{"class":61},[47,52005,9468],{"class":92},[47,52007,111],{"class":61},[47,52009,6672],{"class":57},[47,52011,4106],{"class":65},[47,52013,6657],{"class":61},[47,52015,52016,52018,52020,52022,52025,52027],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52017,8333],{"class":102},[47,52019,106],{"class":61},[47,52021,633],{"class":632},[47,52023,52024],{"class":636},"The dictionary is empty",[47,52026,633],{"class":632},[47,52028,216],{"class":61},[33,52030,41311],{"id":41310},[20,52032,52033,52034,89],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52035,42627],{},[1404,52037,52039],{"id":52038},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,52041,52043],{"className":40,"code":52042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52044,52045,52053,52057,52075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52046,52047,52049,52051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52048,1536],{"class":53},[47,52050,58],{"class":57},[47,52052,8102],{"class":61},[47,52054,52055],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52056,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,52058,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52060,7262],{"class":2027},[47,52062,38650],{"class":102},[47,52064,106],{"class":61},[47,52066,1562],{"class":92},[47,52068,111],{"class":61},[47,52070,6672],{"class":57},[47,52072,4106],{"class":65},[47,52074,6657],{"class":61},[47,52076,52077,52079,52081,52083,52086,52088],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52078,8333],{"class":102},[47,52080,106],{"class":61},[47,52082,633],{"class":632},[47,52084,52085],{"class":636},"The list is empty",[47,52087,633],{"class":632},[47,52089,216],{"class":61},[1404,52091,52093],{"id":52092},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,52095,52097],{"className":40,"code":52096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52098,52099,52118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52100,52101,52103,52105,52107,52109,52111,52114,52116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52102,6418],{"class":53},[47,52104,58],{"class":57},[47,52106,8507],{"class":102},[47,52108,106],{"class":61},[47,52110,633],{"class":632},[47,52112,52113],{"class":636},"Enter a word: ",[47,52115,633],{"class":632},[47,52117,216],{"class":61},[47,52119,52120,52122,52124,52126,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137,52139],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52121,103],{"class":102},[47,52123,106],{"class":61},[47,52125,633],{"class":632},[47,52127,52128],{"class":636},"Number of characters:",[47,52130,633],{"class":632},[47,52132,69],{"class":61},[47,52134,38650],{"class":102},[47,52136,106],{"class":61},[47,52138,38655],{"class":92},[47,52140,1978],{"class":61},[1404,52142,52144],{"id":52143},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,52146,52148],{"className":40,"code":52147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52149,52150,52164,52168,52186,52201,52207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52151,52152,52155,52157,52159,52162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52153,52154],{"class":53},"password ",[47,52156,58],{"class":57},[47,52158,644],{"class":632},[47,52160,52161],{"class":636},"secret123",[47,52163,1609],{"class":632},[47,52165,52166],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52167,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,52169,52170,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52171,7262],{"class":2027},[47,52173,38650],{"class":102},[47,52175,106],{"class":61},[47,52177,17887],{"class":92},[47,52179,111],{"class":61},[47,52181,51557],{"class":57},[47,52183,447],{"class":65},[47,52185,6657],{"class":61},[47,52187,52188,52190,52192,52194,52197,52199],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52189,8333],{"class":102},[47,52191,106],{"class":61},[47,52193,633],{"class":632},[47,52195,52196],{"class":636},"Password length is valid",[47,52198,633],{"class":632},[47,52200,216],{"class":61},[47,52202,52203,52205],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,52204,27698],{"class":2027},[47,52206,6657],{"class":61},[47,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215,52218,52220],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,52210,8333],{"class":102},[47,52212,106],{"class":61},[47,52214,633],{"class":632},[47,52216,52217],{"class":636},"Password is too short",[47,52219,633],{"class":632},[47,52221,216],{"class":61},[1404,52223,52225],{"id":52224},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,52227,52229],{"className":40,"code":52228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52230,52231,52267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52232,52233,52236,52238,52240,52242,52245,52247,52249,52251,52254,52256,52258,52260,52263,52265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52234,52235],{"class":53},"results ",[47,52237,58],{"class":57},[47,52239,62],{"class":61},[47,52241,633],{"class":632},[47,52243,52244],{"class":636},"item1",[47,52246,633],{"class":632},[47,52248,69],{"class":61},[47,52250,644],{"class":632},[47,52252,52253],{"class":636},"item2",[47,52255,633],{"class":632},[47,52257,69],{"class":61},[47,52259,644],{"class":632},[47,52261,52262],{"class":636},"item3",[47,52264,633],{"class":632},[47,52266,80],{"class":61},[47,52268,52269,52271,52273,52275,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52289],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52270,103],{"class":102},[47,52272,106],{"class":61},[47,52274,633],{"class":632},[47,52276,52277],{"class":636},"Items found:",[47,52279,633],{"class":632},[47,52281,69],{"class":61},[47,52283,38650],{"class":102},[47,52285,106],{"class":61},[47,52287,52288],{"class":92},"results",[47,52290,1978],{"class":61},[20,52292,52293],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[33,52295,52297],{"id":52296},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52299,52300,52302],{},[15,52301,42627],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52304,52305,52306,136],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52307,1574],{},[138,52309,52310,52313,52316],{},[141,52311,52312],{},"plain integers",[141,52314,52315],{},"floats",[141,52317,52318],{},[15,52319,124],{},[20,52321,318],{},[38,52323,52325],{"className":40,"code":52324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52326,52327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52330,103],{"class":102},[47,52332,106],{"class":61},[47,52334,969],{"class":102},[47,52336,106],{"class":61},[47,52338,173],{"class":65},[47,52340,1978],{"class":61},[20,52342,52343,52344,52346],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52345,173],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52348,52349],{},"Another example:",[38,52351,52353],{"className":40,"code":52352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52354,52355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52358,103],{"class":102},[47,52360,106],{"class":61},[47,52362,969],{"class":102},[47,52364,106],{"class":61},[47,52366,40408],{"class":65},[47,52368,1978],{"class":61},[20,52370,52371,52372,136],{},"And with ",[15,52373,124],{},[38,52375,52377],{"className":40,"code":52376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52378,52379,52387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52380,52381,52383,52385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52382,2728],{"class":53},[47,52384,58],{"class":57},[47,52386,48796],{"class":284},[47,52388,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52390,103],{"class":102},[47,52392,106],{"class":61},[47,52394,969],{"class":102},[47,52396,106],{"class":61},[47,52398,2753],{"class":92},[47,52400,1978],{"class":61},[20,52402,52403,52404,89],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[252,52405,52407],{"href":52406},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[33,52409,52411],{"id":52410},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52413,52414,52415,52417],{},"Before using ",[15,52416,42627],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52419,52420],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,52422,52424],{"className":40,"code":52423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52425,52426,52434,52438,52448,52462,52480,52498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52427,52428,52430,52432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52429,2728],{"class":53},[47,52431,58],{"class":57},[47,52433,48796],{"class":284},[47,52435,52436],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52437,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,52439,52440,52442,52444,52446],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52441,103],{"class":102},[47,52443,106],{"class":61},[47,52445,2753],{"class":92},[47,52447,216],{"class":61},[47,52449,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52451,103],{"class":102},[47,52453,106],{"class":61},[47,52455,1971],{"class":882},[47,52457,106],{"class":61},[47,52459,2753],{"class":92},[47,52461,1978],{"class":61},[47,52463,52464,52466,52468,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,52465,103],{"class":102},[47,52467,106],{"class":61},[47,52469,49144],{"class":102},[47,52471,106],{"class":61},[47,52473,2753],{"class":92},[47,52475,69],{"class":61},[47,52477,49173],{"class":882},[47,52479,1978],{"class":61},[47,52481,52482,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,52483,103],{"class":102},[47,52485,106],{"class":61},[47,52487,49144],{"class":102},[47,52489,106],{"class":61},[47,52491,2753],{"class":92},[47,52493,69],{"class":61},[47,52495,1644],{"class":882},[47,52497,1978],{"class":61},[47,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,52501,103],{"class":102},[47,52503,106],{"class":61},[47,52505,49144],{"class":102},[47,52507,106],{"class":61},[47,52509,2753],{"class":92},[47,52511,69],{"class":61},[47,52513,9435],{"class":882},[47,52515,1978],{"class":61},[20,52517,52518],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52520,52521],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,52523,52525],{"className":40,"code":52524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52526,52527,52539,52543,52557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52528,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52530,2728],{"class":53},[47,52532,58],{"class":57},[47,52534,644],{"class":632},[47,52536,4118],{"class":636},[47,52538,1609],{"class":632},[47,52540,52541],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52542,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,52544,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52546,7262],{"class":2027},[47,52548,21850],{"class":53},[47,52550,12457],{"class":57},[47,52552,8364],{"class":57},[47,52554,4125],{"class":284},[47,52556,6657],{"class":61},[47,52558,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52560,8333],{"class":102},[47,52562,106],{"class":61},[47,52564,969],{"class":102},[47,52566,106],{"class":61},[47,52568,2753],{"class":92},[47,52570,1978],{"class":61},[20,52572,52573,52574,89],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[252,52575,8706],{"href":2581},[33,52577,1397],{"id":1396},[20,52579,23360,52580,136],{},[15,52581,42627],{},[138,52583,52584,52592,52600,52608,52614],{},[141,52585,8681,52586,52588,52589],{},[15,52587,42627],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52590,52591],{},"len(5)",[141,52593,8681,52594,52596,52597],{},[15,52595,42627],{}," on a float like ",[15,52598,52599],{},"len(3.14)",[141,52601,8681,52602,52604,52605,52607],{},[15,52603,42627],{}," on ",[15,52606,124],{}," after a function returns nothing",[141,52609,4845,52610,52613],{},[15,52611,52612],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[141,52615,52616],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52618,52619],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,52621,52623],{"className":40,"code":52622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52624,52625,52661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52626,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52628,13468],{"class":53},[47,52630,58],{"class":57},[47,52632,10756],{"class":61},[47,52634,633],{"class":632},[47,52636,7932],{"class":636},[47,52638,633],{"class":632},[47,52640,136],{"class":61},[47,52642,644],{"class":632},[47,52644,13143],{"class":636},[47,52646,633],{"class":632},[47,52648,69],{"class":61},[47,52650,644],{"class":632},[47,52652,9563],{"class":636},[47,52654,633],{"class":632},[47,52656,136],{"class":61},[47,52658,8054],{"class":65},[47,52660,9573],{"class":61},[47,52662,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52664,103],{"class":102},[47,52666,106],{"class":61},[47,52668,969],{"class":102},[47,52670,106],{"class":61},[47,52672,17572],{"class":92},[47,52674,5628],{"class":61},[47,52676,51684],{"class":114},[20,52678,37859,52679,52681,52682,1233,52684,89],{},[15,52680,2340],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52683,15504],{},[15,52685,52686],{},"\"age\"",[20,52688,52689],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,52691,52693],{"className":40,"code":52692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52694,52695,52708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52696,52697,52699,52701,52703,52706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52698,1600],{"class":53},[47,52700,58],{"class":57},[47,52702,644],{"class":632},[47,52704,52705],{"class":636},"a b",[47,52707,1609],{"class":632},[47,52709,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52711,103],{"class":102},[47,52713,106],{"class":61},[47,52715,969],{"class":102},[47,52717,106],{"class":61},[47,52719,1614],{"class":92},[47,52721,5628],{"class":61},[47,52723,51040],{"class":114},[20,52725,52726],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[33,52728,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,52730,52732],{"id":52731},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52734,52735],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1404,52737,52739],{"id":52738},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52741,52742],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1404,52744,52746],{"id":52745},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52748,52749],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1404,52751,52753],{"id":52752},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52755,52756,52757,52759,52760,3158,52762,52764,52765,89],{},"No. Using ",[15,52758,42627],{}," on an ",[15,52761,2471],{},[15,52763,2475],{}," raises a ",[15,52766,1574],{},[1404,52768,52770],{"id":52769},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52772,8027,52773,89],{},[15,52774,52775],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52777,318],{},[38,52779,52781],{"className":40,"code":52780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52782,52783,52791,52795,52813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52784,52785,52787,52789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52786,8573],{"class":53},[47,52788,58],{"class":57},[47,52790,8102],{"class":61},[47,52792,52793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52794,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,52796,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52798,7262],{"class":2027},[47,52800,38650],{"class":102},[47,52802,106],{"class":61},[47,52804,269],{"class":92},[47,52806,111],{"class":61},[47,52808,6672],{"class":57},[47,52810,4106],{"class":65},[47,52812,6657],{"class":61},[47,52814,52815,52817,52819,52821,52824,52826],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52816,8333],{"class":102},[47,52818,106],{"class":61},[47,52820,633],{"class":632},[47,52822,52823],{"class":636},"Empty list",[47,52825,633],{"class":632},[47,52827,216],{"class":61},[20,52829,52830,52831,52833,52834,52836,52837,52839],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52832,294],{}," in an ",[15,52835,7262],{}," statement, but ",[15,52838,42627],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[33,52841,2187],{"id":2186},[138,52843,52844,52848,52852,52856,52861,52865,52871],{},[141,52845,52846],{},[252,52847,51246],{"href":51245},[141,52849,52850],{},[252,52851,51249],{"href":254},[141,52853,52854],{},[252,52855,9420],{"href":9419},[141,52857,52858],{},[252,52859,52860],{"href":51815},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[141,52862,52863],{},[252,52864,8706],{"href":2581},[141,52866,52867],{},[252,52868,52870],{"href":52869},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[141,52872,52873],{},[252,52874,52875],{"href":52406},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2210,52877,52878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":52880},[52881,52882,52883,52884,52885,52886,52887,52893,52894,52895,52896,52903],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":51048,"depth":83,"text":51049},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":51392,"depth":83,"text":51393},{"id":51579,"depth":83,"text":51580},{"id":51819,"depth":83,"text":51820},{"id":41310,"depth":83,"text":41311,"children":52888},[52889,52890,52891,52892],{"id":52038,"depth":99,"text":52039},{"id":52092,"depth":99,"text":52093},{"id":52143,"depth":99,"text":52144},{"id":52224,"depth":99,"text":52225},{"id":52296,"depth":83,"text":52297},{"id":52410,"depth":83,"text":52411},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":52897},[52898,52899,52900,52901,52902],{"id":52731,"depth":99,"text":52732},{"id":52738,"depth":99,"text":52739},{"id":52745,"depth":99,"text":52746},{"id":52752,"depth":99,"text":52753},{"id":52769,"depth":99,"text":52770},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50931,"description":52904},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52911,"title":52912,"body":52913,"description":54597,"extension":2248,"meta":54598,"navigation":203,"path":54599,"seo":54600,"stem":54601,"__hash__":54602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52914,"toc":54570},[52915,52918,52932,52938,52940,52994,52999,53003,53019,53022,53036,53042,53044,53047,53066,53082,53084,53160,53162,53199,53210,53212,53215,53276,53278,53311,53314,53320,53324,53327,53452,53454,53513,53521,53574,53576,53603,53609,53619,53623,53626,53631,53683,53685,53711,53717,53771,53773,53798,53801,53825,53831,53833,53837,53839,53896,53898,53906,53908,53930,53932,53985,53987,54011,54015,54017,54056,54058,54066,54072,54076,54128,54130,54156,54164,54168,54173,54182,54184,54250,54252,54284,54288,54293,54295,54309,54312,54385,54387,54412,54414,54418,54425,54429,54436,54440,54443,54445,54498,54500,54526,54530,54539,54541,54567],[10,52916,52912],{"id":52917},"python-list-append-method",[20,52919,956,52920,52923,52924,52927,52928,52931],{},[15,52921,52922],{},"append()"," method adds ",[4015,52925,52926],{},"one item"," to the ",[4015,52929,52930],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52933,52934,52935,52937],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[4015,52936,4896],{}," create a new list.",[33,52939,3884],{"id":3883},[38,52941,52943],{"className":40,"code":52942,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52944,52945,52965,52979,52989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52948,54],{"class":53},[47,52950,58],{"class":57},[47,52952,62],{"class":61},[47,52954,232],{"class":65},[47,52956,69],{"class":61},[47,52958,77],{"class":65},[47,52960,69],{"class":61},[47,52962,442],{"class":65},[47,52964,80],{"class":61},[47,52966,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,52968,86],{"class":53},[47,52970,89],{"class":61},[47,52972,13817],{"class":92},[47,52974,106],{"class":61},[47,52976,334],{"class":65},[47,52978,216],{"class":61},[47,52980,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,52982,103],{"class":102},[47,52984,106],{"class":61},[47,52986,86],{"class":92},[47,52988,216],{"class":61},[47,52990,52991],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,52992,52993],{"class":114},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52995,118,52996,52998],{},[15,52997,52922],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[33,53000,53002],{"id":53001},"what-append-does","What append() does",[138,53004,53005,53010,53013,53016],{},[141,53006,53007,53009],{},[15,53008,52922],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[141,53011,53012],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[141,53014,53015],{},"It does not create a new list",[141,53017,53018],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53020,53021],{},"This means you can append:",[138,53023,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034],{},[141,53025,86],{},[141,53027,5575],{},[141,53029,40859],{},[141,53031,5566],{},[141,53033,7515],{},[141,53035,34929],{},[20,53037,53038,53039,89],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[252,53040,53041],{"href":254},"Python lists explained for beginners",[33,53043,5698],{"id":5697},[20,53045,53046],{},"Basic form:",[38,53048,53050],{"className":40,"code":53049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53051,53052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53055,269],{"class":53},[47,53057,89],{"class":61},[47,53059,13817],{"class":92},[47,53061,106],{"class":61},[47,53063,2022],{"class":92},[47,53065,216],{"class":61},[138,53067,53068,53073,53078],{},[141,53069,53070,53072],{},[15,53071,269],{}," is the list you want to change",[141,53074,53075,53077],{},[15,53076,2022],{}," is the value or object to add",[141,53079,12174,53080],{},[15,53081,124],{},[20,53083,318],{},[38,53085,53087],{"className":40,"code":53086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53088,53089,53113,53136,53140,53150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53090,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53092,36504],{"class":53},[47,53094,58],{"class":57},[47,53096,62],{"class":61},[47,53098,633],{"class":632},[47,53100,647],{"class":636},[47,53102,633],{"class":632},[47,53104,69],{"class":61},[47,53106,644],{"class":632},[47,53108,637],{"class":636},[47,53110,633],{"class":632},[47,53112,80],{"class":61},[47,53114,53115,53117,53119,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53116,1442],{"class":53},[47,53118,58],{"class":57},[47,53120,53121],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,53123,89],{"class":61},[47,53125,13817],{"class":92},[47,53127,106],{"class":61},[47,53129,633],{"class":632},[47,53131,33488],{"class":636},[47,53133,633],{"class":632},[47,53135,216],{"class":61},[47,53137,53138],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53139,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53141,53142,53144,53146,53148],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53143,103],{"class":102},[47,53145,106],{"class":61},[47,53147,36556],{"class":92},[47,53149,216],{"class":61},[47,53151,53152,53154,53156,53158],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,53153,103],{"class":102},[47,53155,106],{"class":61},[47,53157,1466],{"class":92},[47,53159,216],{"class":61},[20,53161,219],{},[38,53163,53165],{"className":40,"code":53164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53166,53167,53195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53168,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53170,229],{"class":61},[47,53172,699],{"class":632},[47,53174,647],{"class":636},[47,53176,699],{"class":632},[47,53178,69],{"class":61},[47,53180,708],{"class":632},[47,53182,637],{"class":636},[47,53184,699],{"class":632},[47,53186,69],{"class":61},[47,53188,708],{"class":632},[47,53190,33488],{"class":636},[47,53192,699],{"class":632},[47,53194,80],{"class":61},[47,53196,53197],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53198,1490],{"class":284},[20,53200,53201,53202,53204,53205,53207,53208,89],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53203,52922],{}," updates ",[15,53206,36556],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53209,124],{},[33,53211,11739],{"id":11738},[20,53213,53214],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,53216,53218],{"className":40,"code":53217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53219,53220,53244,53262,53266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53221,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53223,13339],{"class":53},[47,53225,58],{"class":57},[47,53227,62],{"class":61},[47,53229,633],{"class":632},[47,53231,13356],{"class":636},[47,53233,633],{"class":632},[47,53235,69],{"class":61},[47,53237,644],{"class":632},[47,53239,13373],{"class":636},[47,53241,633],{"class":632},[47,53243,80],{"class":61},[47,53245,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53247,17768],{"class":53},[47,53249,89],{"class":61},[47,53251,13817],{"class":92},[47,53253,106],{"class":61},[47,53255,633],{"class":632},[47,53257,17721],{"class":636},[47,53259,633],{"class":632},[47,53261,216],{"class":61},[47,53263,53264],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53265,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53267,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53269,103],{"class":102},[47,53271,106],{"class":61},[47,53273,17768],{"class":92},[47,53275,216],{"class":61},[20,53277,219],{},[38,53279,53281],{"className":40,"code":53280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53282,53283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53284,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53286,229],{"class":61},[47,53288,699],{"class":632},[47,53290,13356],{"class":636},[47,53292,699],{"class":632},[47,53294,69],{"class":61},[47,53296,708],{"class":632},[47,53298,13373],{"class":636},[47,53300,699],{"class":632},[47,53302,69],{"class":61},[47,53304,708],{"class":632},[47,53306,17721],{"class":636},[47,53308,699],{"class":632},[47,53310,80],{"class":61},[20,53312,53313],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53315,31349,53316,89],{},[252,53317,53319],{"href":53318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53321,53323],{"id":53322},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53325,53326],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,53328,53330],{"className":40,"code":53329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53331,53332,53340,53344,53358,53376,53390,53416,53438,53442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53333,53334,53336,53338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53335,1536],{"class":53},[47,53337,58],{"class":57},[47,53339,8102],{"class":61},[47,53341,53342],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53343,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53345,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53347,1562],{"class":53},[47,53349,89],{"class":61},[47,53351,13817],{"class":92},[47,53353,106],{"class":61},[47,53355,437],{"class":65},[47,53357,216],{"class":61},[47,53359,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53361,1562],{"class":53},[47,53363,89],{"class":61},[47,53365,13817],{"class":92},[47,53367,106],{"class":61},[47,53369,633],{"class":632},[47,53371,4118],{"class":636},[47,53373,633],{"class":632},[47,53375,216],{"class":61},[47,53377,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,53379,1562],{"class":53},[47,53381,89],{"class":61},[47,53383,13817],{"class":92},[47,53385,106],{"class":61},[47,53387,367],{"class":284},[47,53389,216],{"class":61},[47,53391,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,53393,1562],{"class":53},[47,53395,89],{"class":61},[47,53397,13817],{"class":92},[47,53399,5796],{"class":61},[47,53401,633],{"class":632},[47,53403,7932],{"class":636},[47,53405,633],{"class":632},[47,53407,136],{"class":61},[47,53409,644],{"class":632},[47,53411,7941],{"class":636},[47,53413,633],{"class":632},[47,53415,30762],{"class":61},[47,53417,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,53419,1562],{"class":53},[47,53421,89],{"class":61},[47,53423,13817],{"class":92},[47,53425,2015],{"class":61},[47,53427,232],{"class":65},[47,53429,69],{"class":61},[47,53431,77],{"class":65},[47,53433,69],{"class":61},[47,53435,442],{"class":65},[47,53437,2040],{"class":61},[47,53439,53440],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,53441,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53443,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,53445,103],{"class":102},[47,53447,106],{"class":61},[47,53449,1562],{"class":92},[47,53451,216],{"class":61},[20,53453,219],{},[38,53455,53457],{"className":40,"code":53456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53458,53459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53460,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53462,229],{"class":61},[47,53464,437],{"class":65},[47,53466,69],{"class":61},[47,53468,708],{"class":632},[47,53470,4118],{"class":636},[47,53472,699],{"class":632},[47,53474,69],{"class":61},[47,53476,4185],{"class":284},[47,53478,69],{"class":61},[47,53480,10756],{"class":61},[47,53482,699],{"class":632},[47,53484,7932],{"class":636},[47,53486,699],{"class":632},[47,53488,136],{"class":61},[47,53490,708],{"class":632},[47,53492,7941],{"class":636},[47,53494,699],{"class":632},[47,53496,53497],{"class":61},"},",[47,53499,62],{"class":61},[47,53501,232],{"class":65},[47,53503,69],{"class":61},[47,53505,77],{"class":65},[47,53507,69],{"class":61},[47,53509,442],{"class":65},[47,53511,53512],{"class":61},"]]\n",[20,53514,53515,53516,42421,53518,89],{},"A list added with ",[15,53517,52922],{},[4015,53519,53520],{},"one single item",[38,53522,53524],{"className":40,"code":53523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53525,53526,53542,53560,53564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53527,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53529,54],{"class":53},[47,53531,58],{"class":57},[47,53533,62],{"class":61},[47,53535,232],{"class":65},[47,53537,69],{"class":61},[47,53539,77],{"class":65},[47,53541,80],{"class":61},[47,53543,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53545,86],{"class":53},[47,53547,89],{"class":61},[47,53549,13817],{"class":92},[47,53551,2015],{"class":61},[47,53553,66],{"class":65},[47,53555,69],{"class":61},[47,53557,402],{"class":65},[47,53559,2040],{"class":61},[47,53561,53562],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53563,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53565,53566,53568,53570,53572],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53567,103],{"class":102},[47,53569,106],{"class":61},[47,53571,86],{"class":92},[47,53573,216],{"class":61},[20,53575,219],{},[38,53577,53579],{"className":40,"code":53578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53580,53581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53584,229],{"class":61},[47,53586,232],{"class":65},[47,53588,69],{"class":61},[47,53590,77],{"class":65},[47,53592,69],{"class":61},[47,53594,62],{"class":61},[47,53596,66],{"class":65},[47,53598,69],{"class":61},[47,53600,402],{"class":65},[47,53602,53512],{"class":61},[20,53604,2568,53605,53608],{},[15,53606,53607],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53610,53611,53612,53618],{},"This is different from ",[252,53613,53615],{"href":53614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53616,53617],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[33,53620,53622],{"id":53621},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53624,53625],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1404,53627,8681,53629],{"id":53628},"using-append",[15,53630,52922],{},[38,53632,53633],{"className":40,"code":53523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53634,53635,53651,53669,53673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53636,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53638,54],{"class":53},[47,53640,58],{"class":57},[47,53642,62],{"class":61},[47,53644,232],{"class":65},[47,53646,69],{"class":61},[47,53648,77],{"class":65},[47,53650,80],{"class":61},[47,53652,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53654,86],{"class":53},[47,53656,89],{"class":61},[47,53658,13817],{"class":92},[47,53660,2015],{"class":61},[47,53662,66],{"class":65},[47,53664,69],{"class":61},[47,53666,402],{"class":65},[47,53668,2040],{"class":61},[47,53670,53671],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53672,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53674,53675,53677,53679,53681],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53676,103],{"class":102},[47,53678,106],{"class":61},[47,53680,86],{"class":92},[47,53682,216],{"class":61},[20,53684,219],{},[38,53686,53687],{"className":40,"code":53578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53688,53689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53690,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53692,229],{"class":61},[47,53694,232],{"class":65},[47,53696,69],{"class":61},[47,53698,77],{"class":65},[47,53700,69],{"class":61},[47,53702,62],{"class":61},[47,53704,66],{"class":65},[47,53706,69],{"class":61},[47,53708,402],{"class":65},[47,53710,53512],{"class":61},[1404,53712,8681,53714],{"id":53713},"using-extend",[15,53715,53716],{},"extend()",[38,53718,53720],{"className":40,"code":53719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53721,53722,53738,53757,53761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53723,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53725,54],{"class":53},[47,53727,58],{"class":57},[47,53729,62],{"class":61},[47,53731,232],{"class":65},[47,53733,69],{"class":61},[47,53735,77],{"class":65},[47,53737,80],{"class":61},[47,53739,53740,53742,53744,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53741,86],{"class":53},[47,53743,89],{"class":61},[47,53745,53746],{"class":92},"extend",[47,53748,2015],{"class":61},[47,53750,66],{"class":65},[47,53752,69],{"class":61},[47,53754,402],{"class":65},[47,53756,2040],{"class":61},[47,53758,53759],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53760,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53762,53763,53765,53767,53769],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53764,103],{"class":102},[47,53766,106],{"class":61},[47,53768,86],{"class":92},[47,53770,216],{"class":61},[20,53772,219],{},[38,53774,53776],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53777,53778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53779,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53781,229],{"class":61},[47,53783,232],{"class":65},[47,53785,69],{"class":61},[47,53787,77],{"class":65},[47,53789,69],{"class":61},[47,53791,442],{"class":65},[47,53793,69],{"class":61},[47,53795,402],{"class":65},[47,53797,80],{"class":61},[20,53799,53800],{},"The difference:",[138,53802,53803,53809,53815,53820],{},[141,53804,53805,53808],{},[15,53806,53807],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[141,53810,53811,53814],{},[15,53812,53813],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[141,53816,118,53817,53819],{},[15,53818,52922],{}," for one item",[141,53821,118,53822,53824],{},[15,53823,53716],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53826,53827,53828,89],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[252,53829,53830],{"href":53614},"Python list extend() method",[33,53832,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,53834,53836],{"id":53835},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53838,1412],{},[38,53840,53842],{"className":40,"code":53841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53843,53844,53864,53882,53886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53845,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53847,1536],{"class":53},[47,53849,58],{"class":57},[47,53851,62],{"class":61},[47,53853,232],{"class":65},[47,53855,69],{"class":61},[47,53857,77],{"class":65},[47,53859,69],{"class":61},[47,53861,442],{"class":65},[47,53863,80],{"class":61},[47,53865,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53867,1536],{"class":53},[47,53869,58],{"class":57},[47,53871,6231],{"class":53},[47,53873,89],{"class":61},[47,53875,13817],{"class":92},[47,53877,106],{"class":61},[47,53879,334],{"class":65},[47,53881,216],{"class":61},[47,53883,53884],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53885,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53887,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53889,103],{"class":102},[47,53891,106],{"class":61},[47,53893,1562],{"class":92},[47,53895,216],{"class":61},[20,53897,219],{},[38,53899,53900],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53901,53902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53903,53904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53905,1490],{"class":284},[20,53907,12163],{},[138,53909,53910,53915,53921],{},[141,53911,53912,53914],{},[15,53913,52922],{}," changes the list in place",[141,53916,53917,2057,53919],{},[15,53918,52922],{},[15,53920,124],{},[141,53922,53923,53924,53927,53928],{},"So ",[15,53925,53926],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53929,124],{},[20,53931,11073],{},[38,53933,53935],{"className":40,"code":53934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53936,53937,53957,53971,53975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53938,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53940,1536],{"class":53},[47,53942,58],{"class":57},[47,53944,62],{"class":61},[47,53946,232],{"class":65},[47,53948,69],{"class":61},[47,53950,77],{"class":65},[47,53952,69],{"class":61},[47,53954,442],{"class":65},[47,53956,80],{"class":61},[47,53958,53959,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,53960,1562],{"class":53},[47,53962,89],{"class":61},[47,53964,13817],{"class":92},[47,53966,106],{"class":61},[47,53968,334],{"class":65},[47,53970,216],{"class":61},[47,53972,53973],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,53974,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,53976,53977,53979,53981,53983],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,53978,103],{"class":102},[47,53980,106],{"class":61},[47,53982,1562],{"class":92},[47,53984,216],{"class":61},[20,53986,219],{},[38,53988,53989],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53990,53991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53994,229],{"class":61},[47,53996,232],{"class":65},[47,53998,69],{"class":61},[47,54000,77],{"class":65},[47,54002,69],{"class":61},[47,54004,442],{"class":65},[47,54006,69],{"class":61},[47,54008,402],{"class":65},[47,54010,80],{"class":61},[1404,54012,54014],{"id":54013},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54016,19178],{},[38,54018,54020],{"className":40,"code":54019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54021,54022,54046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54023,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54025,32149],{"class":53},[47,54027,58],{"class":57},[47,54029,62],{"class":61},[47,54031,232],{"class":65},[47,54033,69],{"class":61},[47,54035,77],{"class":65},[47,54037,13814],{"class":61},[47,54039,13817],{"class":92},[47,54041,106],{"class":61},[47,54043,66],{"class":65},[47,54045,216],{"class":61},[47,54047,54048,54050,54052,54054],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54049,103],{"class":102},[47,54051,106],{"class":61},[47,54053,32168],{"class":92},[47,54055,216],{"class":61},[20,54057,219],{},[38,54059,54060],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54061,54062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54063,54064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54065,1490],{"class":284},[20,54067,54068,54069,54071],{},"Remember: ",[15,54070,52922],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1404,54073,54075],{"id":54074},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,54077,54078],{"className":40,"code":53523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54079,54080,54096,54114,54118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54083,54],{"class":53},[47,54085,58],{"class":57},[47,54087,62],{"class":61},[47,54089,232],{"class":65},[47,54091,69],{"class":61},[47,54093,77],{"class":65},[47,54095,80],{"class":61},[47,54097,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54099,86],{"class":53},[47,54101,89],{"class":61},[47,54103,13817],{"class":92},[47,54105,2015],{"class":61},[47,54107,66],{"class":65},[47,54109,69],{"class":61},[47,54111,402],{"class":65},[47,54113,2040],{"class":61},[47,54115,54116],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54117,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54119,54120,54122,54124,54126],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54121,103],{"class":102},[47,54123,106],{"class":61},[47,54125,86],{"class":92},[47,54127,216],{"class":61},[20,54129,219],{},[38,54131,54132],{"className":40,"code":53578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54133,54134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54137,229],{"class":61},[47,54139,232],{"class":65},[47,54141,69],{"class":61},[47,54143,77],{"class":65},[47,54145,69],{"class":61},[47,54147,62],{"class":61},[47,54149,66],{"class":65},[47,54151,69],{"class":61},[47,54153,402],{"class":65},[47,54155,53512],{"class":61},[20,54157,3447,54158,54161,54162,1519],{},[15,54159,54160],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54163,53716],{},[1404,54165,54167],{"id":54166},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54169,54170,54172],{},[15,54171,52922],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54174,54175,54176,89],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[252,54177,54179],{"href":54178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54180,54181],{},"list.insert()",[20,54183,318],{},[38,54185,54187],{"className":40,"code":54186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54188,54189,54213,54236,54240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54190,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209,54211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54192,1639],{"class":53},[47,54194,58],{"class":57},[47,54196,62],{"class":61},[47,54198,633],{"class":632},[47,54200,252],{"class":636},[47,54202,633],{"class":632},[47,54204,69],{"class":61},[47,54206,644],{"class":632},[47,54208,10004],{"class":636},[47,54210,633],{"class":632},[47,54212,80],{"class":61},[47,54214,54215,54217,54219,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54216,1659],{"class":53},[47,54218,89],{"class":61},[47,54220,54221],{"class":92},"insert",[47,54223,106],{"class":61},[47,54225,232],{"class":65},[47,54227,69],{"class":61},[47,54229,644],{"class":632},[47,54231,5026],{"class":636},[47,54233,633],{"class":632},[47,54235,216],{"class":61},[47,54237,54238],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54239,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54241,54242,54244,54246,54248],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54243,103],{"class":102},[47,54245,106],{"class":61},[47,54247,1659],{"class":92},[47,54249,216],{"class":61},[20,54251,219],{},[38,54253,54254],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54255,54256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54257,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54259,229],{"class":61},[47,54261,699],{"class":632},[47,54263,252],{"class":636},[47,54265,699],{"class":632},[47,54267,69],{"class":61},[47,54269,708],{"class":632},[47,54271,5026],{"class":636},[47,54273,699],{"class":632},[47,54275,69],{"class":61},[47,54277,708],{"class":632},[47,54279,10004],{"class":636},[47,54281,699],{"class":632},[47,54283,80],{"class":61},[33,54285,54287],{"id":54286},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54289,54290,54292],{},[15,54291,52922],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54294,36691],{},[138,54296,54297,54300,54303,54306],{},[141,54298,54299],{},"building a list in a loop",[141,54301,54302],{},"collecting user input",[141,54304,54305],{},"storing results step by step",[141,54307,54308],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54310,54311],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,54313,54315],{"className":40,"code":54314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54316,54317,54326,54330,54351,54370,54374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54318,54319,54322,54324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54320,54321],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,54323,58],{"class":57},[47,54325,8102],{"class":61},[47,54327,54328],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54329,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54331,54332,54334,54336,54338,54341,54343,54345,54347,54349],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54333,6224],{"class":2027},[47,54335,6650],{"class":53},[47,54337,2034],{"class":2027},[47,54339,54340],{"class":102}," range",[47,54342,106],{"class":61},[47,54344,232],{"class":65},[47,54346,69],{"class":61},[47,54348,241],{"class":65},[47,54350,8606],{"class":61},[47,54352,54353,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54354,54355],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,54357,89],{"class":61},[47,54359,13817],{"class":92},[47,54361,106],{"class":61},[47,54363,2500],{"class":92},[47,54365,40137],{"class":57},[47,54367,2480],{"class":92},[47,54369,216],{"class":61},[47,54371,54372],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,54373,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54375,54376,54378,54380,54383],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,54377,103],{"class":102},[47,54379,106],{"class":61},[47,54381,54382],{"class":92},"squares",[47,54384,216],{"class":61},[20,54386,219],{},[38,54388,54390],{"className":40,"code":54389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54391,54392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54393,54394,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54395,229],{"class":61},[47,54397,232],{"class":65},[47,54399,69],{"class":61},[47,54401,402],{"class":65},[47,54403,69],{"class":61},[47,54405,182],{"class":65},[47,54407,69],{"class":61},[47,54409,14252],{"class":65},[47,54411,80],{"class":61},[33,54413,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,54415,54417],{"id":54416},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54419,46633,54420,54422,54423,89],{},[15,54421,52922],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54424,124],{},[1404,54426,54428],{"id":54427},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54430,54431,54432,89],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[252,54433,54434],{"href":53614},[15,54435,53716],{},[1404,54437,54439],{"id":54438},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54441,54442],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54444,318],{},[38,54446,54448],{"className":40,"code":54447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54449,54450,54466,54484,54488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54453,9430],{"class":53},[47,54455,58],{"class":57},[47,54457,62],{"class":61},[47,54459,232],{"class":65},[47,54461,69],{"class":61},[47,54463,77],{"class":65},[47,54465,80],{"class":61},[47,54467,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54469,9468],{"class":53},[47,54471,89],{"class":61},[47,54473,13817],{"class":92},[47,54475,2015],{"class":61},[47,54477,66],{"class":65},[47,54479,69],{"class":61},[47,54481,402],{"class":65},[47,54483,2040],{"class":61},[47,54485,54486],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54487,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54489,54490,54492,54494,54496],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54491,103],{"class":102},[47,54493,106],{"class":61},[47,54495,9468],{"class":92},[47,54497,216],{"class":61},[20,54499,219],{},[38,54501,54502],{"className":40,"code":53578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54503,54504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54505,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518,54520,54522,54524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54507,229],{"class":61},[47,54509,232],{"class":65},[47,54511,69],{"class":61},[47,54513,77],{"class":65},[47,54515,69],{"class":61},[47,54517,62],{"class":61},[47,54519,66],{"class":65},[47,54521,69],{"class":61},[47,54523,402],{"class":65},[47,54525,53512],{"class":61},[1404,54527,54529],{"id":54528},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54531,54532,54534,54535,54538],{},[15,54533,52922],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54536,54537],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[33,54540,2187],{"id":2186},[138,54542,54543,54548,54552,54557,54561],{},[141,54544,54545],{},[252,54546,54547],{"href":53318},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[141,54549,54550],{},[252,54551,53830],{"href":53614},[141,54553,54554],{},[252,54555,54556],{"href":54178},"Python list insert() method",[141,54558,54559],{},[252,54560,53041],{"href":254},[141,54562,54563],{},[252,54564,54566],{"href":54565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2210,54568,54569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":54571},[54572,54573,54574,54575,54576,54577,54583,54589,54590,54596],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":53001,"depth":83,"text":53002},{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":53322,"depth":83,"text":53323},{"id":53621,"depth":83,"text":53622,"children":54578},[54579,54581],{"id":53628,"depth":99,"text":54580},"Using append()",{"id":53713,"depth":99,"text":54582},"Using extend()",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":54584},[54585,54586,54587,54588],{"id":53835,"depth":99,"text":53836},{"id":54013,"depth":99,"text":54014},{"id":54074,"depth":99,"text":54075},{"id":54166,"depth":99,"text":54167},{"id":54286,"depth":83,"text":54287},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":54591},[54592,54593,54594,54595],{"id":54416,"depth":99,"text":54417},{"id":54427,"depth":99,"text":54428},{"id":54438,"depth":99,"text":54439},{"id":54528,"depth":99,"text":54529},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52912,"description":54597},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54604,"title":54605,"body":54606,"description":55847,"extension":2248,"meta":55848,"navigation":203,"path":55849,"seo":55850,"stem":55851,"__hash__":55852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54607,"toc":55812},[54608,54613,54619,54625,54627,54675,54680,54685,54689,54705,54711,54713,54716,54731,54733,54744,54746,54748,54805,54807,54815,54817,54833,54839,54841,54847,54851,54935,54938,54987,54994,55002,55005,55019,55032,55038,55113,55120,55127,55200,55208,55211,55222,55231,55235,55239,55250,55252,55329,55350,55352,55362,55365,55413,55415,55436,55439,55441,55492,55498,55505,55572,55578,55584,55587,55614,55619,55625,55628,55700,55703,55714,55720,55722,55728,55731,55736,55742,55749,55757,55763,55769,55771,55809],[10,54609,13,54611,18],{"id":54610},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54612,11586],{},[20,54614,54615,54618],{},[15,54616,54617],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54620,54621,54622,54624],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[4015,54623,11598],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[33,54626,3884],{"id":3883},[38,54628,54630],{"className":40,"code":54629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54631,54632,54652,54662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54633,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648,54650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54635,1536],{"class":53},[47,54637,58],{"class":57},[47,54639,62],{"class":61},[47,54641,232],{"class":65},[47,54643,69],{"class":61},[47,54645,77],{"class":65},[47,54647,69],{"class":61},[47,54649,442],{"class":65},[47,54651,80],{"class":61},[47,54653,54654,54656,54658,54660],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54655,1562],{"class":53},[47,54657,89],{"class":61},[47,54659,11647],{"class":92},[47,54661,96],{"class":61},[47,54663,54664,54666,54668,54670,54672],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54665,103],{"class":102},[47,54667,106],{"class":61},[47,54669,1562],{"class":92},[47,54671,111],{"class":61},[47,54673,54674],{"class":114},"  # []\n",[20,54676,118,54677,54679],{},[15,54678,11586],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[33,54681,128,54683,131],{"id":54682},"what-listclear-does",[15,54684,54617],{},[20,54686,54687,136],{},[15,54688,54617],{},[138,54690,54691,54694,54697,54702],{},[141,54692,54693],{},"Removes every item from a list",[141,54695,54696],{},"Changes the original list in place",[141,54698,54699,54700],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54701,4059],{},[141,54703,54704],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54706,54707,54708,54710],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54709,11586],{},", but it contains no values.",[33,54712,259],{"id":258},[20,54714,54715],{},"Syntax:",[38,54717,54719],{"className":40,"code":54718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54720,54721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54722,54723,54725,54727,54729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54724,269],{"class":53},[47,54726,89],{"class":61},[47,54728,11647],{"class":92},[47,54730,96],{"class":61},[20,54732,11722],{},[138,54734,54735,54738,54741],{},[141,54736,54737],{},"Call it on a list object",[141,54739,54740],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[141,54742,54743],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[33,54745,11739],{"id":11738},[20,54747,11742],{},[38,54749,54751],{"className":40,"code":54750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54752,54753,54777,54781,54791,54795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54754,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54756,54],{"class":53},[47,54758,58],{"class":57},[47,54760,62],{"class":61},[47,54762,437],{"class":65},[47,54764,69],{"class":61},[47,54766,8054],{"class":65},[47,54768,69],{"class":61},[47,54770,8059],{"class":65},[47,54772,69],{"class":61},[47,54774,51113],{"class":65},[47,54776,80],{"class":61},[47,54778,54779],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54780,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54782,54783,54785,54787,54789],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54784,86],{"class":53},[47,54786,89],{"class":61},[47,54788,11647],{"class":92},[47,54790,96],{"class":61},[47,54792,54793],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54794,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54796,54797,54799,54801,54803],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,54798,103],{"class":102},[47,54800,106],{"class":61},[47,54802,86],{"class":92},[47,54804,216],{"class":61},[20,54806,219],{},[38,54808,54809],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54810,54811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54812,54813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54814,38562],{"class":61},[20,54816,11948],{},[138,54818,54819,54824,54830],{},[141,54820,54821,54823],{},[15,54822,86],{}," starts with four items",[141,54825,54826,54829],{},[15,54827,54828],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[141,54831,54832],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54834,54835,54836,89],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[252,54837,53041],{"href":54838},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[33,54840,17684],{"id":17683},[20,54842,54843,2057,54845,89],{},[15,54844,11586],{},[15,54846,124],{},[20,54848,41171,54849,52937],{},[4015,54850,4896],{},[38,54852,54854],{"className":40,"code":54853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54855,54856,54888,54892,54906,54910,54923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54857,54858,54860,54862,54864,54866,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54859,1536],{"class":53},[47,54861,58],{"class":57},[47,54863,62],{"class":61},[47,54865,633],{"class":632},[47,54867,252],{"class":636},[47,54869,633],{"class":632},[47,54871,69],{"class":61},[47,54873,644],{"class":632},[47,54875,5026],{"class":636},[47,54877,633],{"class":632},[47,54879,69],{"class":61},[47,54881,644],{"class":632},[47,54883,10004],{"class":636},[47,54885,633],{"class":632},[47,54887,80],{"class":61},[47,54889,54890],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54891,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54893,54894,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54895,1442],{"class":53},[47,54897,58],{"class":57},[47,54899,6231],{"class":53},[47,54901,89],{"class":61},[47,54903,11647],{"class":92},[47,54905,96],{"class":61},[47,54907,54908],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,54909,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,54913,103],{"class":102},[47,54915,106],{"class":61},[47,54917,1562],{"class":92},[47,54919,111],{"class":61},[47,54921,54922],{"class":114},"   # []\n",[47,54924,54925,54927,54929,54931,54933],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,54926,103],{"class":102},[47,54928,106],{"class":61},[47,54930,1466],{"class":92},[47,54932,111],{"class":61},[47,54934,21141],{"class":114},[20,54936,54937],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,54939,54941],{"className":40,"code":54940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54942,54943,54963,54977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54944,54945,54947,54949,54951,54953,54955,54957,54959,54961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54946,1536],{"class":53},[47,54948,58],{"class":57},[47,54950,62],{"class":61},[47,54952,232],{"class":65},[47,54954,69],{"class":61},[47,54956,77],{"class":65},[47,54958,69],{"class":61},[47,54960,442],{"class":65},[47,54962,80],{"class":61},[47,54964,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973,54975],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,54966,1536],{"class":53},[47,54968,58],{"class":57},[47,54970,6231],{"class":53},[47,54972,89],{"class":61},[47,54974,11647],{"class":92},[47,54976,96],{"class":61},[47,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,54980,103],{"class":102},[47,54982,106],{"class":61},[47,54984,1562],{"class":92},[47,54986,216],{"class":61},[20,54988,12179,54989,42421,54991,54993],{},[15,54990,1562],{},[15,54992,124],{},", not an empty list.",[33,54995,54997,54999,55000],{"id":54996},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54998,11586],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55001,4059],{},[20,55003,55004],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,55006,55007],{"className":40,"code":54718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,55008,55009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55010,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55012,269],{"class":53},[47,55014,89],{"class":61},[47,55016,11647],{"class":92},[47,55018,96],{"class":61},[38,55020,55022],{"className":40,"code":55021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,55023,55024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55025,55026,55028,55030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55027,8573],{"class":53},[47,55029,58],{"class":57},[47,55031,8102],{"class":61},[1404,55033,55035,55037],{"id":55034},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55036,11586],{}," empties the same list object",[38,55039,55041],{"className":40,"code":55040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55042,55043,55063,55071,55075,55085,55089,55101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55044,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55046,2834],{"class":53},[47,55048,58],{"class":57},[47,55050,62],{"class":61},[47,55052,232],{"class":65},[47,55054,69],{"class":61},[47,55056,77],{"class":65},[47,55058,69],{"class":61},[47,55060,442],{"class":65},[47,55062,80],{"class":61},[47,55064,55065,55067,55069],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55066,2862],{"class":53},[47,55068,58],{"class":57},[47,55070,36440],{"class":53},[47,55072,55073],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55074,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55076,55077,55079,55081,55083],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55078,252],{"class":53},[47,55080,89],{"class":61},[47,55082,11647],{"class":92},[47,55084,96],{"class":61},[47,55086,55087],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55088,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55090,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,55092,103],{"class":102},[47,55094,106],{"class":61},[47,55096,252],{"class":92},[47,55098,111],{"class":61},[47,55100,54674],{"class":114},[47,55102,55103,55105,55107,55109,55111],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,55104,103],{"class":102},[47,55106,106],{"class":61},[47,55108,5026],{"class":92},[47,55110,111],{"class":61},[47,55112,54674],{"class":114},[20,55114,10855,55115,1233,55117,55119],{},[15,55116,252],{},[15,55118,5026],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1404,55121,55123,55126],{"id":55122},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55124,55125],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,55128,55130],{"className":40,"code":55129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55131,55132,55152,55160,55164,55172,55176,55188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55133,55134,55136,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146,55148,55150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55135,2834],{"class":53},[47,55137,58],{"class":57},[47,55139,62],{"class":61},[47,55141,232],{"class":65},[47,55143,69],{"class":61},[47,55145,77],{"class":65},[47,55147,69],{"class":61},[47,55149,442],{"class":65},[47,55151,80],{"class":61},[47,55153,55154,55156,55158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55155,2862],{"class":53},[47,55157,58],{"class":57},[47,55159,36440],{"class":53},[47,55161,55162],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55163,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55165,55166,55168,55170],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55167,2834],{"class":53},[47,55169,58],{"class":57},[47,55171,8102],{"class":61},[47,55173,55174],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55175,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55177,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,55179,103],{"class":102},[47,55181,106],{"class":61},[47,55183,252],{"class":92},[47,55185,111],{"class":61},[47,55187,54674],{"class":114},[47,55189,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,55191,103],{"class":102},[47,55193,106],{"class":61},[47,55195,5026],{"class":92},[47,55197,111],{"class":61},[47,55199,115],{"class":114},[20,55201,21036,55202,55204,55205,55207],{},[15,55203,252],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55206,5026],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55209,55210],{},"This difference matters when:",[138,55212,55213,55216,55219],{},[141,55214,55215],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[141,55217,55218],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[141,55220,55221],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55223,55224,55225,89],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[252,55226,55228,55229,11006],{"href":55227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55230,13039],{},[33,55232,5227,55233],{"id":12701},[15,55234,11586],{},[20,55236,118,55237,6582],{},[15,55238,11586],{},[138,55240,55241,55244,55247],{},[141,55242,55243],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[141,55245,55246],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[141,55248,55249],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55251,318],{},[38,55253,55255],{"className":40,"code":55254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55256,55257,55293,55297,55302,55313,55317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55258,55259,55262,55264,55266,55268,55271,55273,55275,55277,55280,55282,55284,55286,55289,55291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55260,55261],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,55263,58],{"class":57},[47,55265,62],{"class":61},[47,55267,633],{"class":632},[47,55269,55270],{"class":636},"milk",[47,55272,633],{"class":632},[47,55274,69],{"class":61},[47,55276,644],{"class":632},[47,55278,55279],{"class":636},"bread",[47,55281,633],{"class":632},[47,55283,69],{"class":61},[47,55285,644],{"class":632},[47,55287,55288],{"class":636},"eggs",[47,55290,633],{"class":632},[47,55292,80],{"class":61},[47,55294,55295],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55296,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55298,55299],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55300,55301],{"class":114},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,55303,55304,55307,55309,55311],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55305,55306],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,55308,89],{"class":61},[47,55310,11647],{"class":92},[47,55312,96],{"class":61},[47,55314,55315],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55316,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55318,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,55320,103],{"class":102},[47,55322,106],{"class":61},[47,55324,55306],{"class":92},[47,55326,111],{"class":61},[47,55328,54674],{"class":114},[20,55330,55331,55332,55336,55337,55343,55344,89],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[252,55333,55335],{"href":55334},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[252,55338,55340,11006],{"href":55339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55341,55342],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[252,55345,55347,11006],{"href":55346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55348,55349],{},"list.pop()",[33,55351,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,55353,55355,55356,11358,55359],{"id":55354},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55357,55358],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55360,55361],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55363,55364],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,55366,55368],{"className":40,"code":55367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55369,55370,55390,55394,55403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55371,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55373,1536],{"class":53},[47,55375,58],{"class":57},[47,55377,62],{"class":61},[47,55379,232],{"class":65},[47,55381,69],{"class":61},[47,55383,77],{"class":65},[47,55385,69],{"class":61},[47,55387,442],{"class":65},[47,55389,80],{"class":61},[47,55391,55392],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55393,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55395,55396,55398,55400],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55397,1562],{"class":53},[47,55399,89],{"class":61},[47,55401,55402],{"class":888},"clear\n",[47,55404,55405,55407,55409,55411],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55406,103],{"class":102},[47,55408,106],{"class":61},[47,55410,1562],{"class":92},[47,55412,216],{"class":61},[20,55414,219],{},[38,55416,55418],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55419,55420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55421,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55423,229],{"class":61},[47,55425,232],{"class":65},[47,55427,69],{"class":61},[47,55429,77],{"class":65},[47,55431,69],{"class":61},[47,55433,442],{"class":65},[47,55435,80],{"class":61},[20,55437,55438],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55440,11073],{},[38,55442,55444],{"className":40,"code":55443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55445,55446,55466,55470,55480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55449,1536],{"class":53},[47,55451,58],{"class":57},[47,55453,62],{"class":61},[47,55455,232],{"class":65},[47,55457,69],{"class":61},[47,55459,77],{"class":65},[47,55461,69],{"class":61},[47,55463,442],{"class":65},[47,55465,80],{"class":61},[47,55467,55468],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55469,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55471,55472,55474,55476,55478],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55473,1562],{"class":53},[47,55475,89],{"class":61},[47,55477,11647],{"class":92},[47,55479,96],{"class":61},[47,55481,55482,55484,55486,55488,55490],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55483,103],{"class":102},[47,55485,106],{"class":61},[47,55487,1562],{"class":92},[47,55489,111],{"class":61},[47,55491,54674],{"class":114},[1404,55493,8717,55495,55497],{"id":55494},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55496,11586],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55499,55500,2057,55502,55504],{},[15,55501,11586],{},[15,55503,124],{},", not the list.",[38,55506,55508],{"className":40,"code":55507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55509,55510,55530,55544,55548,55560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55511,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524,55526,55528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55513,1536],{"class":53},[47,55515,58],{"class":57},[47,55517,62],{"class":61},[47,55519,232],{"class":65},[47,55521,69],{"class":61},[47,55523,77],{"class":65},[47,55525,69],{"class":61},[47,55527,442],{"class":65},[47,55529,80],{"class":61},[47,55531,55532,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55533,1442],{"class":53},[47,55535,58],{"class":57},[47,55537,6231],{"class":53},[47,55539,89],{"class":61},[47,55541,11647],{"class":92},[47,55543,96],{"class":61},[47,55545,55546],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55547,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55549,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55551,103],{"class":102},[47,55553,106],{"class":61},[47,55555,1466],{"class":92},[47,55557,111],{"class":61},[47,55559,21141],{"class":114},[47,55561,55562,55564,55566,55568,55570],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55563,103],{"class":102},[47,55565,106],{"class":61},[47,55567,1562],{"class":92},[47,55569,111],{"class":61},[47,55571,54922],{"class":114},[1404,55573,8681,55575,55577],{"id":55574},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55576,11586],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55579,55580,55581,55583],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55582,11586],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55585,55586],{},"This will fail:",[38,55588,55590],{"className":40,"code":55589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55591,55592,55604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55593,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55595,1600],{"class":53},[47,55597,58],{"class":57},[47,55599,644],{"class":632},[47,55601,4118],{"class":636},[47,55603,1609],{"class":632},[47,55605,55606,55608,55610,55612],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55607,1614],{"class":53},[47,55609,89],{"class":61},[47,55611,11647],{"class":92},[47,55613,96],{"class":61},[20,55615,55616,55617,1626],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55618,11586],{},[20,55620,55621,55622,55624],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55623,124],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55626,55627],{},"Useful checks:",[38,55629,55631],{"className":40,"code":55630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55632,55633,55643,55657,55671,55680,55690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55634,55635,55637,55639,55641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55636,103],{"class":102},[47,55638,106],{"class":61},[47,55640,269],{"class":92},[47,55642,216],{"class":61},[47,55644,55645,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55646,103],{"class":102},[47,55648,106],{"class":61},[47,55650,1971],{"class":882},[47,55652,106],{"class":61},[47,55654,269],{"class":92},[47,55656,1978],{"class":61},[47,55658,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55660,103],{"class":102},[47,55662,106],{"class":61},[47,55664,12912],{"class":102},[47,55666,106],{"class":61},[47,55668,269],{"class":92},[47,55670,1978],{"class":61},[47,55672,55673,55675,55677],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55674,43816],{"class":53},[47,55676,58],{"class":57},[47,55678,55679],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55681,55682,55684,55686,55688],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55683,269],{"class":53},[47,55685,89],{"class":61},[47,55687,11647],{"class":92},[47,55689,96],{"class":61},[47,55691,55692,55694,55696,55698],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,55693,103],{"class":102},[47,55695,106],{"class":61},[47,55697,31009],{"class":92},[47,55699,216],{"class":61},[20,55701,55702],{},"These can help you see:",[138,55704,55705,55708,55711],{},[141,55706,55707],{},"What the variable currently contains",[141,55709,55710],{},"Whether it is really a list",[141,55712,55713],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55715,55716,55717,89],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[252,55718,55719],{"href":54565},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[33,55721,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,55723,2082,55725,55727],{"id":55724},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55726,54617],{}," delete the list?",[20,55729,55730],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1404,55732,2082,55734,2085],{"id":55733},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55735,54617],{},[20,55737,55738,55739,55741],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55740,124],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1404,55743,2094,55745,1233,55747,2099],{"id":55744},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55746,11586],{},[15,55748,55125],{},[20,55750,55751,55753,55754,55756],{},[15,55752,11586],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55755,55125],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1404,55758,28593,55760,55762],{"id":55759},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55761,11586],{}," on other types?",[20,55764,55765,55766,55768],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55767,11586],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[33,55770,2187],{"id":2186},[138,55772,55773,55777,55782,55789,55796,55802],{},[141,55774,55775],{},[252,55776,53041],{"href":54838},[141,55778,55779],{},[252,55780,55781],{"href":55334},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[141,55783,55784],{},[252,55785,55786,55787,11006],{"href":55346},"Python list ",[15,55788,13025],{},[141,55790,55791],{},[252,55792,55786,55793,11006],{"href":55339},[15,55794,55795],{},"remove()",[141,55797,55798],{},[252,55799,55786,55800,11006],{"href":55227},[15,55801,13039],{},[141,55803,55804],{},[252,55805,30613,55806,33900],{"href":54565},[15,55807,55808],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2210,55810,55811],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":55813},[55814,55815,55817,55818,55819,55820,55827,55828,55836,55846],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":54682,"depth":83,"text":55816},"What list.clear() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":54996,"depth":83,"text":55821,"children":55822},"clear() vs assigning []",[55823,55825],{"id":55034,"depth":99,"text":55824},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55122,"depth":99,"text":55826},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12701,"depth":83,"text":13071},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":55829},[55830,55832,55834],{"id":55354,"depth":99,"text":55831},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55494,"depth":99,"text":55833},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55574,"depth":99,"text":55835},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":55837},[55838,55840,55842,55844],{"id":55724,"depth":99,"text":55839},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55733,"depth":99,"text":55841},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55744,"depth":99,"text":55843},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55759,"depth":99,"text":55845},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54605,"description":55847},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55854,"title":55855,"body":55856,"description":57540,"extension":2248,"meta":57541,"navigation":203,"path":57542,"seo":57543,"stem":57544,"__hash__":57545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55857,"toc":57508},[55858,55863,55869,55877,55879,55968,55975,55980,55984,55998,56000,56077,56079,56140,56143,56145,56147,56167,56170,56184,56187,56232,56234,56242,56245,56251,56257,56260,56337,56339,56384,56387,56392,56475,56477,56518,56523,56527,56533,56535,56543,56546,56639,56641,56699,56702,56718,56723,56733,56738,56740,56745,56750,56753,56755,56812,56815,56868,56874,56879,56883,56900,56902,56986,56988,57029,57037,57039,57044,57050,57052,57115,57120,57190,57194,57229,57232,57234,57273,57277,57353,57359,57365,57370,57392,57395,57414,57422,57424,57430,57433,57440,57448,57453,57456,57460,57466,57474,57477,57479,57505],[10,55859,13,55861,18],{"id":55860},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55862,13039],{},[20,55864,55865,55868],{},[15,55866,55867],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55870,55871,55872,14318,55874,55876],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55873,58],{},[4015,55875,4896],{}," make a real copy.",[33,55878,36],{"id":35},[38,55880,55882],{"className":40,"code":55881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55883,55884,55904,55919,55923,55938,55942,55955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55885,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55887,54],{"class":53},[47,55889,58],{"class":57},[47,55891,62],{"class":61},[47,55893,232],{"class":65},[47,55895,69],{"class":61},[47,55897,77],{"class":65},[47,55899,69],{"class":61},[47,55901,442],{"class":65},[47,55903,80],{"class":61},[47,55905,55906,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,55907,55908],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55910,58],{"class":57},[47,55912,1447],{"class":53},[47,55914,89],{"class":61},[47,55916,13174],{"class":92},[47,55918,96],{"class":61},[47,55920,55921],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,55922,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55924,55925,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,55926,55927],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55929,89],{"class":61},[47,55931,13817],{"class":92},[47,55933,106],{"class":61},[47,55935,334],{"class":65},[47,55937,216],{"class":61},[47,55939,55940],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,55941,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,55943,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,55945,103],{"class":102},[47,55947,106],{"class":61},[47,55949,86],{"class":92},[47,55951,111],{"class":61},[47,55953,55954],{"class":114},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,55958,103],{"class":102},[47,55960,106],{"class":61},[47,55962,55927],{"class":92},[47,55964,111],{"class":61},[47,55966,55967],{"class":114},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55969,118,55970,55972,55973,89],{},[15,55971,55867],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[4015,55974,13113],{},[33,55976,128,55978,131],{"id":55977},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55979,55867],{},[20,55981,55982,136],{},[15,55983,55867],{},[138,55985,55986,55989,55992,55995],{},[141,55987,55988],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[141,55990,55991],{},"Returns that new list",[141,55993,55994],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[141,55996,55997],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55999,318],{},[38,56001,56003],{"className":40,"code":56002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56004,56005,56037,56052,56056,56066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56006,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56008,36504],{"class":53},[47,56010,58],{"class":57},[47,56012,62],{"class":61},[47,56014,633],{"class":632},[47,56016,647],{"class":636},[47,56018,633],{"class":632},[47,56020,69],{"class":61},[47,56022,644],{"class":632},[47,56024,637],{"class":636},[47,56026,633],{"class":632},[47,56028,69],{"class":61},[47,56030,644],{"class":632},[47,56032,33488],{"class":636},[47,56034,633],{"class":632},[47,56036,80],{"class":61},[47,56038,56039,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56040,56041],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,56043,58],{"class":57},[47,56045,53121],{"class":53},[47,56047,89],{"class":61},[47,56049,13174],{"class":92},[47,56051,96],{"class":61},[47,56053,56054],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56055,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56059,103],{"class":102},[47,56061,106],{"class":61},[47,56063,36556],{"class":92},[47,56065,216],{"class":61},[47,56067,56068,56070,56072,56075],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,56069,103],{"class":102},[47,56071,106],{"class":61},[47,56073,56074],{"class":92},"copied_fruits",[47,56076,216],{"class":61},[20,56078,219],{},[38,56080,56082],{"className":40,"code":56081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56083,56084,56112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56085,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56087,229],{"class":61},[47,56089,699],{"class":632},[47,56091,647],{"class":636},[47,56093,699],{"class":632},[47,56095,69],{"class":61},[47,56097,708],{"class":632},[47,56099,637],{"class":636},[47,56101,699],{"class":632},[47,56103,69],{"class":61},[47,56105,708],{"class":632},[47,56107,33488],{"class":636},[47,56109,699],{"class":632},[47,56111,80],{"class":61},[47,56113,56114,56116,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56115,229],{"class":61},[47,56117,699],{"class":632},[47,56119,647],{"class":636},[47,56121,699],{"class":632},[47,56123,69],{"class":61},[47,56125,708],{"class":632},[47,56127,637],{"class":636},[47,56129,699],{"class":632},[47,56131,69],{"class":61},[47,56133,708],{"class":632},[47,56135,33488],{"class":636},[47,56137,699],{"class":632},[47,56139,80],{"class":61},[20,56141,56142],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[33,56144,259],{"id":258},[20,56146,2442],{},[38,56148,56150],{"className":40,"code":56149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56151,56152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56153,56154,56156,56158,56161,56163,56165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56155,1297],{"class":53},[47,56157,58],{"class":57},[47,56159,56160],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,56162,89],{"class":61},[47,56164,13174],{"class":92},[47,56166,96],{"class":61},[20,56168,56169],{},"How it works:",[138,56171,56172,56178,56181],{},[141,56173,56174,56175,56177],{},"Call ",[15,56176,13039],{}," on an existing list",[141,56179,56180],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[141,56182,56183],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56185,56186],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,56188,56190],{"className":40,"code":56189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56191,56192,56201,56217,56221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56193,56194,56197,56199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56195,56196],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,56198,58],{"class":57},[47,56200,8102],{"class":61},[47,56202,56203,56206,56208,56211,56213,56215],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56204,56205],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,56207,58],{"class":57},[47,56209,56210],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,56212,89],{"class":61},[47,56214,13174],{"class":92},[47,56216,96],{"class":61},[47,56218,56219],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56220,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56222,56223,56225,56227,56230],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56224,103],{"class":102},[47,56226,106],{"class":61},[47,56228,56229],{"class":92},"new_empty_list",[47,56231,216],{"class":61},[20,56233,219],{},[38,56235,56236],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,56237,56238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56239,56240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56241,38562],{"class":61},[20,56243,56244],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[33,56246,56248,56249],{"id":56247},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56250,58],{},[20,56252,8681,56253,14318,56255,52937],{},[15,56254,58],{},[4015,56256,4896],{},[20,56258,56259],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,56261,56263],{"className":40,"code":56262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56264,56265,56285,56294,56298,56313,56317,56327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56266,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56268,54],{"class":53},[47,56270,58],{"class":57},[47,56272,62],{"class":61},[47,56274,232],{"class":65},[47,56276,69],{"class":61},[47,56278,77],{"class":65},[47,56280,69],{"class":61},[47,56282,442],{"class":65},[47,56284,80],{"class":61},[47,56286,56287,56290,56292],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56288,56289],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,56291,58],{"class":57},[47,56293,44249],{"class":53},[47,56295,56296],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56297,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56299,56300,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56301,56302],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,56304,89],{"class":61},[47,56306,13817],{"class":92},[47,56308,106],{"class":61},[47,56310,334],{"class":65},[47,56312,216],{"class":61},[47,56314,56315],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,56316,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,56320,103],{"class":102},[47,56322,106],{"class":61},[47,56324,86],{"class":92},[47,56326,216],{"class":61},[47,56328,56329,56331,56333,56335],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,56330,103],{"class":102},[47,56332,106],{"class":61},[47,56334,56302],{"class":92},[47,56336,216],{"class":61},[20,56338,219],{},[38,56340,56342],{"className":40,"code":56341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56343,56344,56364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56345,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56347,229],{"class":61},[47,56349,232],{"class":65},[47,56351,69],{"class":61},[47,56353,77],{"class":65},[47,56355,69],{"class":61},[47,56357,442],{"class":65},[47,56359,69],{"class":61},[47,56361,402],{"class":65},[47,56363,80],{"class":61},[47,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56367,229],{"class":61},[47,56369,232],{"class":65},[47,56371,69],{"class":61},[47,56373,77],{"class":65},[47,56375,69],{"class":61},[47,56377,442],{"class":65},[47,56379,69],{"class":61},[47,56381,402],{"class":65},[47,56383,80],{"class":61},[20,56385,56386],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56388,56389,56390,136],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56391,13039],{},[38,56393,56395],{"className":40,"code":56394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56396,56397,56417,56432,56436,56451,56455,56465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56398,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56400,54],{"class":53},[47,56402,58],{"class":57},[47,56404,62],{"class":61},[47,56406,232],{"class":65},[47,56408,69],{"class":61},[47,56410,77],{"class":65},[47,56412,69],{"class":61},[47,56414,442],{"class":65},[47,56416,80],{"class":61},[47,56418,56419,56422,56424,56426,56428,56430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56420,56421],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56423,58],{"class":57},[47,56425,1447],{"class":53},[47,56427,89],{"class":61},[47,56429,13174],{"class":92},[47,56431,96],{"class":61},[47,56433,56434],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56435,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56437,56438,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56439,56440],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56442,89],{"class":61},[47,56444,13817],{"class":92},[47,56446,106],{"class":61},[47,56448,334],{"class":65},[47,56450,216],{"class":61},[47,56452,56453],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,56454,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56456,56457,56459,56461,56463],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,56458,103],{"class":102},[47,56460,106],{"class":61},[47,56462,86],{"class":92},[47,56464,216],{"class":61},[47,56466,56467,56469,56471,56473],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,56468,103],{"class":102},[47,56470,106],{"class":61},[47,56472,56440],{"class":92},[47,56474,216],{"class":61},[20,56476,219],{},[38,56478,56480],{"className":40,"code":56479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56481,56482,56498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56483,56484,56486,56488,56490,56492,56494,56496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56485,229],{"class":61},[47,56487,232],{"class":65},[47,56489,69],{"class":61},[47,56491,77],{"class":65},[47,56493,69],{"class":61},[47,56495,442],{"class":65},[47,56497,80],{"class":61},[47,56499,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56501,229],{"class":61},[47,56503,232],{"class":65},[47,56505,69],{"class":61},[47,56507,77],{"class":65},[47,56509,69],{"class":61},[47,56511,442],{"class":65},[47,56513,69],{"class":61},[47,56515,402],{"class":65},[47,56517,80],{"class":61},[20,56519,56520,56521,89],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[252,56522,53041],{"href":254},[33,56524,56526],{"id":56525},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56528,56529,13110,56531,89],{},[15,56530,55867],{},[4015,56532,13113],{},[20,56534,2390],{},[138,56536,56537,56540],{},[141,56538,56539],{},"The outer list is new",[141,56541,56542],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56544,56545],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,56547,56549],{"className":40,"code":56548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56550,56551,56578,56592,56596,56615,56619,56629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56552,56553,56555,56557,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56554,12349],{"class":53},[47,56556,58],{"class":57},[47,56558,56559],{"class":61}," [[",[47,56561,232],{"class":65},[47,56563,69],{"class":61},[47,56565,77],{"class":65},[47,56567,18327],{"class":61},[47,56569,62],{"class":61},[47,56571,66],{"class":65},[47,56573,69],{"class":61},[47,56575,402],{"class":65},[47,56577,53512],{"class":61},[47,56579,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56581,14576],{"class":53},[47,56583,58],{"class":57},[47,56585,12424],{"class":53},[47,56587,89],{"class":61},[47,56589,13174],{"class":92},[47,56591,96],{"class":61},[47,56593,56594],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56595,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56597,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56613],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56599,14595],{"class":53},[47,56601,229],{"class":61},[47,56603,2403],{"class":65},[47,56605,13814],{"class":61},[47,56607,13817],{"class":92},[47,56609,106],{"class":61},[47,56611,56612],{"class":65},"99",[47,56614,216],{"class":61},[47,56616,56617],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,56618,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56620,56621,56623,56625,56627],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,56622,103],{"class":102},[47,56624,106],{"class":61},[47,56626,12396],{"class":92},[47,56628,216],{"class":61},[47,56630,56631,56633,56635,56637],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,56632,103],{"class":102},[47,56634,106],{"class":61},[47,56636,14595],{"class":92},[47,56638,216],{"class":61},[20,56640,219],{},[38,56642,56644],{"className":40,"code":56643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56645,56646,56673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56647,56648,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56649,56650],{"class":61},"[[",[47,56652,232],{"class":65},[47,56654,69],{"class":61},[47,56656,77],{"class":65},[47,56658,69],{"class":61},[47,56660,10462],{"class":65},[47,56662,18327],{"class":61},[47,56664,62],{"class":61},[47,56666,66],{"class":65},[47,56668,69],{"class":61},[47,56670,402],{"class":65},[47,56672,53512],{"class":61},[47,56674,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56676,56650],{"class":61},[47,56678,232],{"class":65},[47,56680,69],{"class":61},[47,56682,77],{"class":65},[47,56684,69],{"class":61},[47,56686,10462],{"class":65},[47,56688,18327],{"class":61},[47,56690,62],{"class":61},[47,56692,66],{"class":65},[47,56694,69],{"class":61},[47,56696,402],{"class":65},[47,56698,53512],{"class":61},[20,56700,56701],{},"Why did both change?",[138,56703,56704,56711],{},[141,56705,56706,1233,56708,56710],{},[15,56707,12396],{},[15,56709,14595],{}," are different outer lists",[141,56712,56713,56714,56717],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56715,56716],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56719,53923,56720,56722],{},[15,56721,13039],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[138,56724,56725,56728,56731],{},[141,56726,56727],{},"Numbers",[141,56729,56730],{},"Strings",[141,56732,40860],{},[20,56734,56735,56736,89],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[252,56737,14055],{"href":14054},[33,56739,17684],{"id":17683},[20,56741,56742,56744],{},[15,56743,55867],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56746,41171,56747,56749],{},[4015,56748,4896],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56751,56752],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56754,16920],{},[38,56756,56758],{"className":40,"code":56757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56759,56760,56784,56798,56802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56761,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56763,13339],{"class":53},[47,56765,58],{"class":57},[47,56767,62],{"class":61},[47,56769,633],{"class":632},[47,56771,13356],{"class":636},[47,56773,633],{"class":632},[47,56775,69],{"class":61},[47,56777,644],{"class":632},[47,56779,13373],{"class":636},[47,56781,633],{"class":632},[47,56783,80],{"class":61},[47,56785,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56787,13382],{"class":53},[47,56789,58],{"class":57},[47,56791,13387],{"class":53},[47,56793,89],{"class":61},[47,56795,13174],{"class":92},[47,56797,96],{"class":61},[47,56799,56800],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56801,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56803,56804,56806,56808,56810],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56805,103],{"class":102},[47,56807,106],{"class":61},[47,56809,13406],{"class":92},[47,56811,216],{"class":61},[20,56813,56814],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,56816,56818],{"className":40,"code":56817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56819,56820,56844,56854,56858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56821,56822,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56823,13339],{"class":53},[47,56825,58],{"class":57},[47,56827,62],{"class":61},[47,56829,633],{"class":632},[47,56831,13356],{"class":636},[47,56833,633],{"class":632},[47,56835,69],{"class":61},[47,56837,644],{"class":632},[47,56839,13373],{"class":636},[47,56841,633],{"class":632},[47,56843,80],{"class":61},[47,56845,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56847,17768],{"class":53},[47,56849,89],{"class":61},[47,56851,13174],{"class":92},[47,56853,96],{"class":61},[47,56855,56856],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56857,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56861,103],{"class":102},[47,56863,106],{"class":61},[47,56865,17768],{"class":92},[47,56867,216],{"class":61},[20,56869,56870,56871,56873],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56872,13039],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[33,56875,5227,56877],{"id":56876},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56878,55867],{},[20,56880,118,56881,10866],{},[15,56882,55867],{},[138,56884,56885,56888,56891,56894],{},[141,56886,56887],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[141,56889,56890],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[141,56892,56893],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[141,56895,56896,56897],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56898,56899],{},"[:]",[20,56901,318],{},[38,56903,56905],{"className":40,"code":56904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56906,56907,56927,56942,56946,56961,56965,56975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56908,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56910,5329],{"class":53},[47,56912,58],{"class":57},[47,56914,62],{"class":61},[47,56916,437],{"class":65},[47,56918,69],{"class":61},[47,56920,8054],{"class":65},[47,56922,69],{"class":61},[47,56924,8059],{"class":65},[47,56926,80],{"class":61},[47,56928,56929,56932,56934,56936,56938,56940],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,56930,56931],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56933,58],{"class":57},[47,56935,5376],{"class":53},[47,56937,89],{"class":61},[47,56939,13174],{"class":92},[47,56941,96],{"class":61},[47,56943,56944],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,56945,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56947,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56959],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,56949,16654],{"class":53},[47,56951,89],{"class":61},[47,56953,13817],{"class":92},[47,56955,106],{"class":61},[47,56957,56958],{"class":65},"40",[47,56960,216],{"class":61},[47,56962,56963],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,56964,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,56966,56967,56969,56971,56973],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,56968,103],{"class":102},[47,56970,106],{"class":61},[47,56972,16654],{"class":92},[47,56974,216],{"class":61},[47,56976,56977,56979,56981,56984],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,56978,103],{"class":102},[47,56980,106],{"class":61},[47,56982,56983],{"class":92},"backup_scores",[47,56985,216],{"class":61},[20,56987,219],{},[38,56989,56991],{"className":40,"code":56990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56992,56993,57013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56994,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56996,229],{"class":61},[47,56998,437],{"class":65},[47,57000,69],{"class":61},[47,57002,8054],{"class":65},[47,57004,69],{"class":61},[47,57006,8059],{"class":65},[47,57008,69],{"class":61},[47,57010,51113],{"class":65},[47,57012,80],{"class":61},[47,57014,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57016,229],{"class":61},[47,57018,437],{"class":65},[47,57020,69],{"class":61},[47,57022,8054],{"class":65},[47,57024,69],{"class":61},[47,57026,8059],{"class":65},[47,57028,80],{"class":61},[20,57030,57031,57032,89],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[252,57033,55786,57035,11006],{"href":57034},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57036,52922],{},[33,57038,4784],{"id":4783},[20,57040,57041,57042,89],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57043,55867],{},[1404,57045,8681,57047,57049],{"id":57046},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57048,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57051,39463],{},[38,57053,57055],{"className":40,"code":57054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57056,57057,57077,57085,57099,57103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57058,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57060,2834],{"class":53},[47,57062,58],{"class":57},[47,57064,62],{"class":61},[47,57066,232],{"class":65},[47,57068,69],{"class":61},[47,57070,77],{"class":65},[47,57072,69],{"class":61},[47,57074,442],{"class":65},[47,57076,80],{"class":61},[47,57078,57079,57081,57083],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57080,2862],{"class":53},[47,57082,58],{"class":57},[47,57084,36440],{"class":53},[47,57086,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,57088,5026],{"class":53},[47,57090,89],{"class":61},[47,57092,13817],{"class":92},[47,57094,106],{"class":61},[47,57096,334],{"class":65},[47,57098,216],{"class":61},[47,57100,57101],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,57102,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,57104,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,57106,103],{"class":102},[47,57108,106],{"class":61},[47,57110,252],{"class":92},[47,57112,111],{"class":61},[47,57114,55967],{"class":114},[20,57116,57117,57118,1519],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57119,13039],{},[38,57121,57123],{"className":40,"code":57122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57124,57125,57145,57160,57174,57178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57126,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57128,2834],{"class":53},[47,57130,58],{"class":57},[47,57132,62],{"class":61},[47,57134,232],{"class":65},[47,57136,69],{"class":61},[47,57138,77],{"class":65},[47,57140,69],{"class":61},[47,57142,442],{"class":65},[47,57144,80],{"class":61},[47,57146,57147,57149,57151,57154,57156,57158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57148,2862],{"class":53},[47,57150,58],{"class":57},[47,57152,57153],{"class":53}," a",[47,57155,89],{"class":61},[47,57157,13174],{"class":92},[47,57159,96],{"class":61},[47,57161,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,57163,5026],{"class":53},[47,57165,89],{"class":61},[47,57167,13817],{"class":92},[47,57169,106],{"class":61},[47,57171,334],{"class":65},[47,57173,216],{"class":61},[47,57175,57176],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,57177,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,57181,103],{"class":102},[47,57183,106],{"class":61},[47,57185,252],{"class":92},[47,57187,111],{"class":61},[47,57189,115],{"class":114},[1404,57191,57193],{"id":57192},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,57195,57197],{"className":40,"code":57196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57198,57199,57219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57200,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57202,54],{"class":53},[47,57204,58],{"class":57},[47,57206,62],{"class":61},[47,57208,232],{"class":65},[47,57210,69],{"class":61},[47,57212,77],{"class":65},[47,57214,69],{"class":61},[47,57216,442],{"class":65},[47,57218,80],{"class":61},[47,57220,57221,57223,57225,57227],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57222,86],{"class":53},[47,57224,89],{"class":61},[47,57226,13174],{"class":92},[47,57228,96],{"class":61},[20,57230,57231],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57233,39526],{},[38,57235,57237],{"className":40,"code":57236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57238,57239,57259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57240,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57242,54],{"class":53},[47,57244,58],{"class":57},[47,57246,62],{"class":61},[47,57248,232],{"class":65},[47,57250,69],{"class":61},[47,57252,77],{"class":65},[47,57254,69],{"class":61},[47,57256,442],{"class":65},[47,57258,80],{"class":61},[47,57260,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57262,56421],{"class":53},[47,57264,58],{"class":57},[47,57266,1447],{"class":53},[47,57268,89],{"class":61},[47,57270,13174],{"class":92},[47,57272,96],{"class":61},[1404,57274,57276],{"id":57275},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,57278,57280],{"className":40,"code":57279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57281,57282,57300,57314,57318,57336,57340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57283,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57285,2834],{"class":53},[47,57287,58],{"class":57},[47,57289,56559],{"class":61},[47,57291,232],{"class":65},[47,57293,18327],{"class":61},[47,57295,62],{"class":61},[47,57297,2340],{"class":65},[47,57299,53512],{"class":61},[47,57301,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57303,2862],{"class":53},[47,57305,58],{"class":57},[47,57307,57153],{"class":53},[47,57309,89],{"class":61},[47,57311,13174],{"class":92},[47,57313,96],{"class":61},[47,57315,57316],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,57317,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,57319,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,57321,5026],{"class":53},[47,57323,229],{"class":61},[47,57325,2403],{"class":65},[47,57327,13814],{"class":61},[47,57329,13817],{"class":92},[47,57331,106],{"class":61},[47,57333,56612],{"class":65},[47,57335,216],{"class":61},[47,57337,57338],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,57339,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,57341,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,57343,103],{"class":102},[47,57345,106],{"class":61},[47,57347,252],{"class":92},[47,57349,111],{"class":61},[47,57351,57352],{"class":114},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57354,57355,57356,57358],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57357,55867],{}," is shallow.",[1404,57360,25881,57362,57364],{"id":57361},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57363,13039],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57366,57367,57369],{},[15,57368,13039],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,57371,57373],{"className":40,"code":57372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57374,57375,57387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57376,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57378,8140],{"class":53},[47,57380,58],{"class":57},[47,57382,644],{"class":632},[47,57384,5270],{"class":636},[47,57386,1609],{"class":632},[47,57388,57389],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57390,57391],{"class":114},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57393,57394],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,57396,57398],{"className":40,"code":57397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57399,57400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57401,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57403,103],{"class":102},[47,57405,106],{"class":61},[47,57407,1971],{"class":882},[47,57409,106],{"class":61},[47,57411,7932],{"class":92},[47,57413,1978],{"class":61},[20,57415,57416,57417,57421],{},"You can also review ",[252,57418,57420],{"href":57419},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[33,57423,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,57425,2082,57427,57429],{"id":57426},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57428,55867],{}," change the original list?",[20,57431,57432],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1404,57434,2094,57436,1233,57438,2099],{"id":57435},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57437,55867],{},[15,57439,58],{},[20,57441,57442,57444,57445,57447],{},[15,57443,13039],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57446,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1404,57449,15167,57451,15170],{"id":57450},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57452,55867],{},[20,57454,57455],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1404,57457,57459],{"id":57458},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57461,42418,57462,57465],{},[15,57463,57464],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1404,57467,15167,57469,57471,57472,2099],{"id":57468},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57470,55867],{}," the same as ",[15,57473,56899],{},[20,57475,57476],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[33,57478,2187],{"id":2186},[138,57480,57481,57486,57490,57495,57501],{},[141,57482,57483],{},[252,57484,15229],{"href":57485},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[141,57487,57488],{},[252,57489,53041],{"href":254},[141,57491,57492],{},[252,57493,57494],{"href":57419},"Creating a list in Python",[141,57496,57497],{},[252,57498,55786,57499,11006],{"href":57034},[15,57500,52922],{},[141,57502,57503],{},[252,57504,14055],{"href":14054},[2210,57506,57507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":57509},[57510,57511,57513,57514,57516,57517,57518,57520,57528,57539],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":55977,"depth":83,"text":57512},"What list.copy() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":56247,"depth":83,"text":57515},"Why not use =",{"id":56525,"depth":83,"text":56526},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":56876,"depth":83,"text":57519},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":57521},[57522,57524,57525,57526],{"id":57046,"depth":99,"text":57523},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57192,"depth":99,"text":57193},{"id":57275,"depth":99,"text":57276},{"id":57361,"depth":99,"text":57527},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":57529},[57530,57532,57534,57536,57537],{"id":57426,"depth":99,"text":57531},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57435,"depth":99,"text":57533},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57450,"depth":99,"text":57535},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57458,"depth":99,"text":57459},{"id":57468,"depth":99,"text":57538},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55855,"description":57540},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57547,"title":57548,"body":57549,"description":59290,"extension":2248,"meta":59291,"navigation":203,"path":59292,"seo":59293,"stem":59294,"__hash__":59295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57550,"toc":59249},[57551,57557,57563,57566,57577,57580,57582,57645,57651,57656,57660,57674,57677,57682,57687,57689,57691,57710,57722,57724,57791,57793,57801,57806,57808,57816,57819,57836,57838,57962,57973,57977,57982,57985,57987,58005,58009,58094,58103,58111,58180,58182,58185,58197,58202,58206,58277,58280,58284,58288,58353,58355,58363,58367,58450,58452,58460,58464,58525,58527,58535,58539,58626,58628,58636,58641,58646,58649,58660,58662,58747,58752,58761,58763,58767,58771,58776,58838,58842,58850,58856,58865,58870,58919,58922,58943,58947,59009,59016,59021,59024,59111,59114,59125,59128,59148,59150,59156,59159,59163,59167,59173,59176,59182,59189,59197,59208,59210,59246],[10,57552,13,57554,18],{"id":57553},"python-list-count-method",[15,57555,57556],{},"count()",[20,57558,57559,57562],{},[15,57560,57561],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57564,57565],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[138,57567,57568,57571,57574],{},[141,57569,57570],{},"count one specific item",[141,57572,57573],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[141,57575,57576],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57578,57579],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[33,57581,3884],{"id":3883},[38,57583,57585],{"className":40,"code":57584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57586,57587,57615,57633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57588,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57590,54],{"class":53},[47,57592,58],{"class":57},[47,57594,62],{"class":61},[47,57596,232],{"class":65},[47,57598,69],{"class":61},[47,57600,77],{"class":65},[47,57602,69],{"class":61},[47,57604,77],{"class":65},[47,57606,69],{"class":61},[47,57608,442],{"class":65},[47,57610,69],{"class":61},[47,57612,77],{"class":65},[47,57614,80],{"class":61},[47,57616,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57618,1442],{"class":53},[47,57620,58],{"class":57},[47,57622,1447],{"class":53},[47,57624,89],{"class":61},[47,57626,41525],{"class":92},[47,57628,106],{"class":61},[47,57630,2340],{"class":65},[47,57632,216],{"class":61},[47,57634,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,57636,103],{"class":102},[47,57638,106],{"class":61},[47,57640,1466],{"class":92},[47,57642,111],{"class":61},[47,57644,51040],{"class":114},[20,57646,118,57647,57650],{},[15,57648,57649],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[33,57652,128,57654,131],{"id":57653},"what-listcount-does",[15,57655,57561],{},[20,57657,57658,136],{},[15,57659,57561],{},[138,57661,57662,57665,57668,57671],{},[141,57663,57664],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[141,57666,57667],{},"returns an integer",[141,57669,57670],{},"does not change the original list",[141,57672,57673],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57675,57676],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57678,57679,57680,89],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57681,66],{},[20,57683,57684,57685,89],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57686,2403],{},[33,57688,259],{"id":258},[20,57690,2442],{},[38,57692,57694],{"className":40,"code":57693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57695,57696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57697,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57699,269],{"class":53},[47,57701,89],{"class":61},[47,57703,41525],{"class":92},[47,57705,106],{"class":61},[47,57707,2753],{"class":92},[47,57709,216],{"class":61},[138,57711,57712,57717],{},[141,57713,57714,57716],{},[15,57715,269],{}," is the list you want to search",[141,57718,57719,57721],{},[15,57720,2753],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57723,318],{},[38,57725,57727],{"className":40,"code":57726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57728,57729,57769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57730,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57732,1639],{"class":53},[47,57734,58],{"class":57},[47,57736,62],{"class":61},[47,57738,633],{"class":632},[47,57740,252],{"class":636},[47,57742,633],{"class":632},[47,57744,69],{"class":61},[47,57746,644],{"class":632},[47,57748,5026],{"class":636},[47,57750,633],{"class":632},[47,57752,69],{"class":61},[47,57754,644],{"class":632},[47,57756,252],{"class":636},[47,57758,633],{"class":632},[47,57760,69],{"class":61},[47,57762,644],{"class":632},[47,57764,10004],{"class":636},[47,57766,633],{"class":632},[47,57768,80],{"class":61},[47,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57772,103],{"class":102},[47,57774,106],{"class":61},[47,57776,1659],{"class":92},[47,57778,89],{"class":61},[47,57780,41525],{"class":92},[47,57782,106],{"class":61},[47,57784,633],{"class":632},[47,57786,252],{"class":636},[47,57788,633],{"class":632},[47,57790,1978],{"class":61},[20,57792,219],{},[38,57794,57795],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57796,57797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57798,57799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57800,17321],{"class":65},[20,57802,57803,57804,89],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57805,2403],{},[33,57807,38285],{"id":38284},[20,57809,57810,57811,57813,57814,89],{},"The return value from ",[15,57812,57556],{}," is always an ",[15,57815,2471],{},[20,57817,57818],{},"Possible results:",[138,57820,57821,57826,57831],{},[141,57822,57823,57825],{},[15,57824,2403],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[141,57827,57828,57830],{},[15,57829,232],{}," if it appears once",[141,57832,57833,57835],{},[15,57834,2340],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57837,318],{},[38,57839,57841],{"className":40,"code":57840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57842,57843,57883,57887,57912,57937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57844,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57846,13339],{"class":53},[47,57848,58],{"class":57},[47,57850,62],{"class":61},[47,57852,633],{"class":632},[47,57854,13356],{"class":636},[47,57856,633],{"class":632},[47,57858,69],{"class":61},[47,57860,644],{"class":632},[47,57862,13373],{"class":636},[47,57864,633],{"class":632},[47,57866,69],{"class":61},[47,57868,644],{"class":632},[47,57870,17721],{"class":636},[47,57872,633],{"class":632},[47,57874,69],{"class":61},[47,57876,644],{"class":632},[47,57878,13373],{"class":636},[47,57880,633],{"class":632},[47,57882,80],{"class":61},[47,57884,57885],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,57886,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,57888,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,57890,103],{"class":102},[47,57892,106],{"class":61},[47,57894,17768],{"class":92},[47,57896,89],{"class":61},[47,57898,41525],{"class":92},[47,57900,106],{"class":61},[47,57902,633],{"class":632},[47,57904,13373],{"class":636},[47,57906,633],{"class":632},[47,57908,5628],{"class":61},[47,57910,57911],{"class":114},"   # 2\n",[47,57913,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,57915,103],{"class":102},[47,57917,106],{"class":61},[47,57919,17768],{"class":92},[47,57921,89],{"class":61},[47,57923,41525],{"class":92},[47,57925,106],{"class":61},[47,57927,633],{"class":632},[47,57929,13356],{"class":636},[47,57931,633],{"class":632},[47,57933,5628],{"class":61},[47,57935,57936],{"class":114},"    # 1\n",[47,57938,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,57940,103],{"class":102},[47,57942,106],{"class":61},[47,57944,17768],{"class":92},[47,57946,89],{"class":61},[47,57948,41525],{"class":92},[47,57950,106],{"class":61},[47,57952,633],{"class":632},[47,57954,22790],{"class":636},[47,57956,633],{"class":632},[47,57958,5628],{"class":61},[47,57960,57961],{"class":114}," # 0\n",[20,57963,57964,57965,57967,57968,57970,57971,89],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57966,57556],{}," works, but using ",[15,57969,2034],{}," is often simpler. See ",[252,57972,6462],{"href":6461},[33,57974,57976],{"id":57975},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57978,57979,57981],{},[15,57980,57561],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57983,57984],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57986,43917],{},[138,57988,57989,57992,57995,58002],{},[141,57990,57991],{},"matches are based on equality",[141,57993,57994],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[141,57996,57997,1233,57999,58001],{},[15,57998,232],{},[15,58000,367],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[141,58003,58004],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1404,58006,58008],{"id":58007},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,58010,58012],{"className":40,"code":58011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58013,58014,58046,58070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58015,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58017,625],{"class":53},[47,58019,58],{"class":57},[47,58021,62],{"class":61},[47,58023,633],{"class":632},[47,58025,647],{"class":636},[47,58027,633],{"class":632},[47,58029,69],{"class":61},[47,58031,644],{"class":632},[47,58033,751],{"class":636},[47,58035,633],{"class":632},[47,58037,69],{"class":61},[47,58039,644],{"class":632},[47,58041,647],{"class":636},[47,58043,633],{"class":632},[47,58045,80],{"class":61},[47,58047,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58049,103],{"class":102},[47,58051,106],{"class":61},[47,58053,665],{"class":92},[47,58055,89],{"class":61},[47,58057,41525],{"class":92},[47,58059,106],{"class":61},[47,58061,633],{"class":632},[47,58063,647],{"class":636},[47,58065,633],{"class":632},[47,58067,5628],{"class":61},[47,58069,51684],{"class":114},[47,58071,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58073,103],{"class":102},[47,58075,106],{"class":61},[47,58077,665],{"class":92},[47,58079,89],{"class":61},[47,58081,41525],{"class":92},[47,58083,106],{"class":61},[47,58085,633],{"class":632},[47,58087,751],{"class":636},[47,58089,633],{"class":632},[47,58091,5628],{"class":61},[47,58093,28044],{"class":114},[20,58095,58096,1233,58099,58102],{},[15,58097,58098],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58100,58101],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1404,58104,58106,1233,58108,58110],{"id":58105},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58107,232],{},[15,58109,367],{}," can match",[38,58112,58114],{"className":40,"code":58113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58115,58116,58140,58160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58117,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58119,4095],{"class":53},[47,58121,58],{"class":57},[47,58123,62],{"class":61},[47,58125,232],{"class":65},[47,58127,69],{"class":61},[47,58129,4185],{"class":284},[47,58131,69],{"class":61},[47,58133,77],{"class":65},[47,58135,69],{"class":61},[47,58137,72],{"class":65},[47,58139,80],{"class":61},[47,58141,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58143,103],{"class":102},[47,58145,106],{"class":61},[47,58147,5625],{"class":92},[47,58149,89],{"class":61},[47,58151,41525],{"class":92},[47,58153,106],{"class":61},[47,58155,232],{"class":65},[47,58157,5628],{"class":61},[47,58159,51188],{"class":114},[47,58161,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58163,103],{"class":102},[47,58165,106],{"class":61},[47,58167,5625],{"class":92},[47,58169,89],{"class":61},[47,58171,41525],{"class":92},[47,58173,106],{"class":61},[47,58175,367],{"class":284},[47,58177,5628],{"class":61},[47,58179,51040],{"class":114},[20,58181,4675],{},[20,58183,58184],{},"In Python:",[138,58186,58187,58192],{},[141,58188,58189],{},[15,58190,58191],{},"True == 1",[141,58193,58194],{},[15,58195,58196],{},"False == 0",[20,58198,53923,58199,58201],{},[15,58200,57556],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1404,58203,58205],{"id":58204},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,58207,58209],{"className":40,"code":58208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58210,58211,58253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58212,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58214,1536],{"class":53},[47,58216,58],{"class":57},[47,58218,56559],{"class":61},[47,58220,232],{"class":65},[47,58222,69],{"class":61},[47,58224,77],{"class":65},[47,58226,18327],{"class":61},[47,58228,62],{"class":61},[47,58230,66],{"class":65},[47,58232,69],{"class":61},[47,58234,402],{"class":65},[47,58236,18327],{"class":61},[47,58238,62],{"class":61},[47,58240,232],{"class":65},[47,58242,69],{"class":61},[47,58244,77],{"class":65},[47,58246,18327],{"class":61},[47,58248,62],{"class":61},[47,58250,232],{"class":65},[47,58252,53512],{"class":61},[47,58254,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58256,103],{"class":102},[47,58258,106],{"class":61},[47,58260,1562],{"class":92},[47,58262,89],{"class":61},[47,58264,41525],{"class":92},[47,58266,2015],{"class":61},[47,58268,232],{"class":65},[47,58270,69],{"class":61},[47,58272,77],{"class":65},[47,58274,5000],{"class":61},[47,58276,51684],{"class":114},[20,58278,58279],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[33,58281,58283],{"id":58282},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1404,58285,58287],{"id":58286},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,58289,58291],{"className":40,"code":58290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58292,58293,58321,58339,58343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58294,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58296,54],{"class":53},[47,58298,58],{"class":57},[47,58300,62],{"class":61},[47,58302,437],{"class":65},[47,58304,69],{"class":61},[47,58306,8054],{"class":65},[47,58308,69],{"class":61},[47,58310,503],{"class":65},[47,58312,69],{"class":61},[47,58314,8059],{"class":65},[47,58316,69],{"class":61},[47,58318,503],{"class":65},[47,58320,80],{"class":61},[47,58322,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58324,1442],{"class":53},[47,58326,58],{"class":57},[47,58328,1447],{"class":53},[47,58330,89],{"class":61},[47,58332,41525],{"class":92},[47,58334,106],{"class":61},[47,58336,437],{"class":65},[47,58338,216],{"class":61},[47,58340,58341],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58342,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,58344,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,58346,103],{"class":102},[47,58348,106],{"class":61},[47,58350,1466],{"class":92},[47,58352,216],{"class":61},[20,58354,219],{},[38,58356,58357],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58358,58359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58360,58361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58362,46885],{"class":65},[1404,58364,58366],{"id":58365},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,58368,58370],{"className":40,"code":58369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58371,58372,58414,58436,58440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58373,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58410,58412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58375,625],{"class":53},[47,58377,58],{"class":57},[47,58379,62],{"class":61},[47,58381,633],{"class":632},[47,58383,37311],{"class":636},[47,58385,633],{"class":632},[47,58387,69],{"class":61},[47,58389,644],{"class":632},[47,58391,58392],{"class":636},"dog",[47,58394,633],{"class":632},[47,58396,69],{"class":61},[47,58398,644],{"class":632},[47,58400,37311],{"class":636},[47,58402,633],{"class":632},[47,58404,69],{"class":61},[47,58406,644],{"class":632},[47,58408,58409],{"class":636},"bird",[47,58411,633],{"class":632},[47,58413,80],{"class":61},[47,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58417,1442],{"class":53},[47,58419,58],{"class":57},[47,58421,6432],{"class":53},[47,58423,89],{"class":61},[47,58425,41525],{"class":92},[47,58427,106],{"class":61},[47,58429,633],{"class":632},[47,58431,37311],{"class":636},[47,58433,633],{"class":632},[47,58435,216],{"class":61},[47,58437,58438],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58439,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,58441,58442,58444,58446,58448],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,58443,103],{"class":102},[47,58445,106],{"class":61},[47,58447,1466],{"class":92},[47,58449,216],{"class":61},[20,58451,219],{},[38,58453,58454],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58455,58456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58457,58458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58459,17321],{"class":65},[1404,58461,58463],{"id":58462},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,58465,58467],{"className":40,"code":58466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58468,58469,58493,58511,58515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58470,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58472,54],{"class":53},[47,58474,58],{"class":57},[47,58476,62],{"class":61},[47,58478,232],{"class":65},[47,58480,69],{"class":61},[47,58482,77],{"class":65},[47,58484,69],{"class":61},[47,58486,442],{"class":65},[47,58488,69],{"class":61},[47,58490,402],{"class":65},[47,58492,80],{"class":61},[47,58494,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58496,1442],{"class":53},[47,58498,58],{"class":57},[47,58500,1447],{"class":53},[47,58502,89],{"class":61},[47,58504,41525],{"class":92},[47,58506,106],{"class":61},[47,58508,173],{"class":65},[47,58510,216],{"class":61},[47,58512,58513],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58514,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,58516,58517,58519,58521,58523],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,58518,103],{"class":102},[47,58520,106],{"class":61},[47,58522,1466],{"class":92},[47,58524,216],{"class":61},[20,58526,219],{},[38,58528,58529],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58530,58531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58532,58533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58534,47520],{"class":65},[1404,58536,58538],{"id":58537},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,58540,58542],{"className":40,"code":58541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58543,58544,58590,58612,58616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58547,9430],{"class":53},[47,58549,58],{"class":57},[47,58551,56559],{"class":61},[47,58553,232],{"class":65},[47,58555,69],{"class":61},[47,58557,77],{"class":65},[47,58559,18327],{"class":61},[47,58561,62],{"class":61},[47,58563,232],{"class":65},[47,58565,69],{"class":61},[47,58567,77],{"class":65},[47,58569,18327],{"class":61},[47,58571,62],{"class":61},[47,58573,2340],{"class":65},[47,58575,69],{"class":61},[47,58577,442],{"class":65},[47,58579,18327],{"class":61},[47,58581,62],{"class":61},[47,58583,232],{"class":65},[47,58585,69],{"class":61},[47,58587,77],{"class":65},[47,58589,53512],{"class":61},[47,58591,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58593,1442],{"class":53},[47,58595,58],{"class":57},[47,58597,14831],{"class":53},[47,58599,89],{"class":61},[47,58601,41525],{"class":92},[47,58603,2015],{"class":61},[47,58605,232],{"class":65},[47,58607,69],{"class":61},[47,58609,77],{"class":65},[47,58611,2040],{"class":61},[47,58613,58614],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58615,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,58617,58618,58620,58622,58624],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,58619,103],{"class":102},[47,58621,106],{"class":61},[47,58623,1466],{"class":92},[47,58625,216],{"class":61},[20,58627,219],{},[38,58629,58630],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58631,58632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58633,58634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58635,46885],{"class":65},[33,58637,5227,58639],{"id":58638},"when-to-use-count",[15,58640,57556],{},[20,58642,118,58643,58645],{},[15,58644,57556],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58647,58648],{},"Good use cases:",[138,58650,58651,58654,58657],{},[141,58652,58653],{},"counting one specific item",[141,58655,58656],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[141,58658,58659],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58661,318],{},[38,58663,58665],{"className":40,"code":58664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58666,58667,58708,58732,58736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58668,58669,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58670,58671],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58673,58],{"class":57},[47,58675,62],{"class":61},[47,58677,633],{"class":632},[47,58679,8921],{"class":636},[47,58681,633],{"class":632},[47,58683,69],{"class":61},[47,58685,644],{"class":632},[47,58687,8862],{"class":636},[47,58689,633],{"class":632},[47,58691,69],{"class":61},[47,58693,644],{"class":632},[47,58695,8921],{"class":636},[47,58697,633],{"class":632},[47,58699,69],{"class":61},[47,58701,644],{"class":632},[47,58703,8921],{"class":636},[47,58705,633],{"class":632},[47,58707,80],{"class":61},[47,58709,58710,58713,58715,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58711,58712],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58714,58],{"class":57},[47,58716,58717],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58719,89],{"class":61},[47,58721,41525],{"class":92},[47,58723,106],{"class":61},[47,58725,633],{"class":632},[47,58727,8921],{"class":636},[47,58729,633],{"class":632},[47,58731,216],{"class":61},[47,58733,58734],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,58735,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,58737,58738,58740,58742,58745],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,58739,103],{"class":102},[47,58741,106],{"class":61},[47,58743,58744],{"class":92},"yes_votes",[47,58746,216],{"class":61},[20,58748,58749,58751],{},[15,58750,57556],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58753,58754,58755,1233,58757,89],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[252,58756,53041],{"href":254},[252,58758,58760],{"href":58759},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[33,58762,1397],{"id":1396},[20,58764,8711,58765,89],{},[15,58766,57561],{},[1404,58768,58770],{"id":58769},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58772,58773,58775],{},[15,58774,57561],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,58777,58779],{"className":40,"code":58778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58780,58781,58814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58782,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58784,625],{"class":53},[47,58786,58],{"class":57},[47,58788,62],{"class":61},[47,58790,633],{"class":632},[47,58792,58793],{"class":636},"apple pie",[47,58795,633],{"class":632},[47,58797,69],{"class":61},[47,58799,644],{"class":632},[47,58801,637],{"class":636},[47,58803,633],{"class":632},[47,58805,69],{"class":61},[47,58807,644],{"class":632},[47,58809,58793],{"class":636},[47,58811,633],{"class":632},[47,58813,80],{"class":61},[47,58815,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58817,103],{"class":102},[47,58819,106],{"class":61},[47,58821,665],{"class":92},[47,58823,89],{"class":61},[47,58825,41525],{"class":92},[47,58827,106],{"class":61},[47,58829,633],{"class":632},[47,58831,647],{"class":636},[47,58833,633],{"class":632},[47,58835,5628],{"class":61},[47,58837,51516],{"class":114},[20,58839,2769,58840,2099],{},[15,58841,2403],{},[20,58843,29326,58844,58846,58847,89],{},[15,58845,58098],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58848,58849],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58851,58852,58853,89],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58854,58855],{},"str.count()",[1404,58857,8717,58859,8720,58861,3158,58863],{"id":58858},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58860,57556],{},[15,58862,367],{},[15,58864,294],{},[20,58866,58867,58869],{},[15,58868,57556],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,58871,58873],{"className":40,"code":58872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58874,58875,58899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58876,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58878,54],{"class":53},[47,58880,58],{"class":57},[47,58882,62],{"class":61},[47,58884,232],{"class":65},[47,58886,69],{"class":61},[47,58888,77],{"class":65},[47,58890,69],{"class":61},[47,58892,77],{"class":65},[47,58894,69],{"class":61},[47,58896,442],{"class":65},[47,58898,80],{"class":61},[47,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58902,103],{"class":102},[47,58904,106],{"class":61},[47,58906,86],{"class":92},[47,58908,89],{"class":61},[47,58910,41525],{"class":92},[47,58912,106],{"class":61},[47,58914,2340],{"class":65},[47,58916,5628],{"class":61},[47,58918,51684],{"class":114},[20,58920,58921],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,58923,58925],{"className":40,"code":58924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58926,58927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58930,103],{"class":102},[47,58932,106],{"class":61},[47,58934,2340],{"class":65},[47,58936,21439],{"class":2027},[47,58938,1447],{"class":92},[47,58940,111],{"class":61},[47,58942,3937],{"class":114},[1404,58944,58946],{"id":58945},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,58948,58950],{"className":40,"code":58949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58951,58952,58985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58953,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58981,58983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58955,5261],{"class":53},[47,58957,58],{"class":57},[47,58959,62],{"class":61},[47,58961,633],{"class":632},[47,58963,7941],{"class":636},[47,58965,633],{"class":632},[47,58967,69],{"class":61},[47,58969,644],{"class":632},[47,58971,20483],{"class":636},[47,58973,633],{"class":632},[47,58975,69],{"class":61},[47,58977,644],{"class":632},[47,58979,58980],{"class":636},"SAM",[47,58982,633],{"class":632},[47,58984,80],{"class":61},[47,58986,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,58988,103],{"class":102},[47,58990,106],{"class":61},[47,58992,5304],{"class":92},[47,58994,89],{"class":61},[47,58996,41525],{"class":92},[47,58998,106],{"class":61},[47,59000,633],{"class":632},[47,59002,20483],{"class":636},[47,59004,633],{"class":632},[47,59006,5628],{"class":61},[47,59008,28044],{"class":114},[20,59010,59011,59012,59015],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59013,59014],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1404,59017,29915,59019,33816],{"id":59018},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59020,57556],{},[20,59022,59023],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,59025,59027],{"className":40,"code":59026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59028,59029,59039,59053,59071,59085,59097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59030,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59032,103],{"class":102},[47,59034,106],{"class":61},[47,59036,269],{"class":92},[47,59038,216],{"class":61},[47,59040,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59042,103],{"class":102},[47,59044,106],{"class":61},[47,59046,1971],{"class":882},[47,59048,106],{"class":61},[47,59050,269],{"class":92},[47,59052,1978],{"class":61},[47,59054,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59056,103],{"class":102},[47,59058,106],{"class":61},[47,59060,269],{"class":92},[47,59062,89],{"class":61},[47,59064,41525],{"class":92},[47,59066,106],{"class":61},[47,59068,2753],{"class":92},[47,59070,1978],{"class":61},[47,59072,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59074,103],{"class":102},[47,59076,106],{"class":61},[47,59078,2728],{"class":92},[47,59080,2034],{"class":2027},[47,59082,2037],{"class":92},[47,59084,216],{"class":61},[47,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,59088,6224],{"class":2027},[47,59090,2031],{"class":53},[47,59092,2034],{"class":2027},[47,59094,2037],{"class":53},[47,59096,6657],{"class":61},[47,59098,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,59100,8333],{"class":102},[47,59102,106],{"class":61},[47,59104,42045],{"class":102},[47,59106,106],{"class":61},[47,59108,2022],{"class":92},[47,59110,1978],{"class":61},[20,59112,59113],{},"These checks can help you see:",[138,59115,59116,59119,59122],{},[141,59117,59118],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[141,59120,59121],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[141,59123,59124],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59126,59127],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[138,59129,59130,59135,59138,59145],{},[141,59131,50761,59132,59134],{},[15,59133,57556],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[141,59136,59137],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[141,59139,11373,59140,59142,59143],{},[15,59141,57561],{}," with string ",[15,59144,57556],{},[141,59146,59147],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[33,59149,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,59151,2082,59153,59155],{"id":59152},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59154,57561],{}," change the list?",[20,59157,59158],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1404,59160,59162],{"id":59161},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59164,12174,59165,89],{},[15,59166,2403],{},[1404,59168,5436,59170,59172],{"id":59169},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59171,57561],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59174,59175],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1404,59177,15167,59179,59181],{"id":59178},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59180,57561],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59183,42418,59184,1233,59186,59188],{},[15,59185,58101],{},[15,59187,58098],{}," are different values.",[1404,59190,5424,59192,59194,59195,2099],{"id":59191},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59193,367],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59196,232],{},[20,59198,9049,59199,59201,59202,1233,59204,59201,59206,89],{},[15,59200,367],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59203,232],{},[15,59205,294],{},[15,59207,2403],{},[33,59209,2187],{"id":2186},[138,59211,59212,59216,59222,59226,59234,59241],{},[141,59213,59214],{},[252,59215,53041],{"href":254},[141,59217,59218],{},[252,59219,59221],{"href":59220},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[141,59223,59224],{},[252,59225,7200],{"href":6461},[141,59227,59228],{},[252,59229,55786,59231,11006],{"href":59230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59232,59233],{},"index()",[141,59235,59236],{},[252,59237,1386,59239],{"href":59238},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59240,42627],{},[141,59242,59243],{},[252,59244,59245],{"href":58759},"What is a list in Python",[2210,59247,59248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":59250},[59251,59252,59254,59255,59256,59262,59268,59270,59278,59289],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":57653,"depth":83,"text":59253},"What list.count() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":38284,"depth":83,"text":38285},{"id":57975,"depth":83,"text":57976,"children":59257},[59258,59259,59261],{"id":58007,"depth":99,"text":58008},{"id":58105,"depth":99,"text":59260},"1 and True can match",{"id":58204,"depth":99,"text":58205},{"id":58282,"depth":83,"text":58283,"children":59263},[59264,59265,59266,59267],{"id":58286,"depth":99,"text":58287},{"id":58365,"depth":99,"text":58366},{"id":58462,"depth":99,"text":58463},{"id":58537,"depth":99,"text":58538},{"id":58638,"depth":83,"text":59269},"When to use count()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":59271},[59272,59273,59275,59276],{"id":58769,"depth":99,"text":58770},{"id":58858,"depth":99,"text":59274},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58945,"depth":99,"text":58946},{"id":59018,"depth":99,"text":59277},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":59279},[59280,59282,59283,59285,59287],{"id":59152,"depth":99,"text":59281},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59161,"depth":99,"text":59162},{"id":59169,"depth":99,"text":59284},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59178,"depth":99,"text":59286},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59191,"depth":99,"text":59288},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57548,"description":59290},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59297,"title":59298,"body":59299,"description":61258,"extension":2248,"meta":61259,"navigation":203,"path":61260,"seo":61261,"stem":61262,"__hash__":61263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59300,"toc":61221},[59301,59304,59307,59309,59437,59441,59522,59533,59535,59554,59558,59561,59564,59582,59584,59627,59631,59656,59665,59669,59674,59677,59794,59798,59867,59871,59883,59887,59890,59931,59935,59948,59951,60036,60040,60073,60080,60086,60091,60093,60105,60109,60142,60146,60178,60182,60219,60223,60243,60247,60281,60285,60314,60325,60329,60332,60335,60348,60405,60409,60448,60454,60457,60459,60462,60466,60469,60494,60496,60521,60528,60531,60576,60580,60599,60602,60641,60648,60653,60687,60691,60790,60797,60830,60834,60860,60864,60867,60905,60908,60945,60949,60952,60971,60973,61034,61036,61054,61058,61061,61064,61093,61095,61099,61102,61110,61114,61117,61137,61143,61149,61153,61156,61163,61171,61173,61212,61218],[10,59302,59298],{"id":59303},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59305,59306],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[33,59308,3884],{"id":3883},[38,59310,59312],{"className":40,"code":59311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59313,59314,59334,59366,59374,59392,59396,59406,59416,59427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59315,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59317,54],{"class":53},[47,59319,58],{"class":57},[47,59321,62],{"class":61},[47,59323,232],{"class":65},[47,59325,69],{"class":61},[47,59327,77],{"class":65},[47,59329,69],{"class":61},[47,59331,442],{"class":65},[47,59333,80],{"class":61},[47,59335,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59337,5261],{"class":53},[47,59339,58],{"class":57},[47,59341,62],{"class":61},[47,59343,633],{"class":632},[47,59345,13143],{"class":636},[47,59347,633],{"class":632},[47,59349,69],{"class":61},[47,59351,644],{"class":632},[47,59353,36207],{"class":636},[47,59355,633],{"class":632},[47,59357,69],{"class":61},[47,59359,644],{"class":632},[47,59361,36216],{"class":636},[47,59363,633],{"class":632},[47,59365,80],{"class":61},[47,59367,59368,59370,59372],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59369,56196],{"class":53},[47,59371,58],{"class":57},[47,59373,8102],{"class":61},[47,59375,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59377,1639],{"class":53},[47,59379,58],{"class":57},[47,59381,1644],{"class":882},[47,59383,106],{"class":61},[47,59385,633],{"class":632},[47,59387,41826],{"class":636},[47,59389,633],{"class":632},[47,59391,216],{"class":61},[47,59393,59394],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,59395,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,59397,59398,59400,59402,59404],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,59399,103],{"class":102},[47,59401,106],{"class":61},[47,59403,86],{"class":92},[47,59405,216],{"class":61},[47,59407,59408,59410,59412,59414],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,59409,103],{"class":102},[47,59411,106],{"class":61},[47,59413,5304],{"class":92},[47,59415,216],{"class":61},[47,59417,59418,59420,59422,59425],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,59419,103],{"class":102},[47,59421,106],{"class":61},[47,59423,59424],{"class":92},"empty_list",[47,59426,216],{"class":61},[47,59428,59429,59431,59433,59435],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,59430,103],{"class":102},[47,59432,106],{"class":61},[47,59434,1659],{"class":92},[47,59436,216],{"class":61},[20,59438,59439],{},[4015,59440,219],{},[38,59442,59444],{"className":40,"code":59443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59445,59446,59462,59490,59494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59449,229],{"class":61},[47,59451,232],{"class":65},[47,59453,69],{"class":61},[47,59455,77],{"class":65},[47,59457,69],{"class":61},[47,59459,442],{"class":65},[47,59461,80],{"class":61},[47,59463,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59465,229],{"class":61},[47,59467,699],{"class":632},[47,59469,13143],{"class":636},[47,59471,699],{"class":632},[47,59473,69],{"class":61},[47,59475,708],{"class":632},[47,59477,36207],{"class":636},[47,59479,699],{"class":632},[47,59481,69],{"class":61},[47,59483,708],{"class":632},[47,59485,36216],{"class":636},[47,59487,699],{"class":632},[47,59489,80],{"class":61},[47,59491,59492],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59493,38562],{"class":61},[47,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59497,229],{"class":61},[47,59499,699],{"class":632},[47,59501,252],{"class":636},[47,59503,699],{"class":632},[47,59505,69],{"class":61},[47,59507,708],{"class":632},[47,59509,5026],{"class":636},[47,59511,699],{"class":632},[47,59513,69],{"class":61},[47,59515,708],{"class":632},[47,59517,10004],{"class":636},[47,59519,699],{"class":632},[47,59521,80],{"class":61},[20,59523,59524,59525,59527,59528,59530,59531,89],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59526,4059],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59529,25045],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59532,36463],{},[33,59534,15427],{"id":15426},[138,59536,59537,59540,59543,59546,59551],{},[141,59538,59539],{},"What a list is in Python",[141,59541,59542],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[141,59544,59545],{},"How to create an empty list",[141,59547,59548,59549,2585],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59550,25045],{},[141,59552,59553],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[33,59555,59557],{"id":59556},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59559,59560],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59562,59563],{},"This means:",[138,59565,59566,59569,59572,59575],{},[141,59567,59568],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[141,59570,59571],{},"The order of items is kept",[141,59573,59574],{},"A list can hold different data types",[141,59576,59577,59578,59581],{},"A list is ",[4015,59579,59580],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59583,318],{},[38,59585,59587],{"className":40,"code":59586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59588,59589,59613,59617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59590,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59592,1536],{"class":53},[47,59594,58],{"class":57},[47,59596,62],{"class":61},[47,59598,633],{"class":632},[47,59600,647],{"class":636},[47,59602,633],{"class":632},[47,59604,69],{"class":61},[47,59606,503],{"class":65},[47,59608,69],{"class":61},[47,59610,4185],{"class":284},[47,59612,80],{"class":61},[47,59614,59615],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59616,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,59618,59619,59621,59623,59625],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59620,103],{"class":102},[47,59622,106],{"class":61},[47,59624,1562],{"class":92},[47,59626,216],{"class":61},[20,59628,59629],{},[4015,59630,219],{},[38,59632,59634],{"className":40,"code":59633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59635,59636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59637,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59639,229],{"class":61},[47,59641,699],{"class":632},[47,59643,647],{"class":636},[47,59645,699],{"class":632},[47,59647,69],{"class":61},[47,59649,503],{"class":65},[47,59651,69],{"class":61},[47,59653,4185],{"class":284},[47,59655,80],{"class":61},[20,59657,59658,59659,3158,59662,89],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[252,59660,59661],{"href":254},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[252,59663,59664],{"href":58759},"What is a List in Python?",[33,59666,59668],{"id":59667},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59670,59524,59671,59673],{},[15,59672,4059],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59675,59676],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,59678,59680],{"className":40,"code":59679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59681,59682,59702,59734,59759,59763,59773,59783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59683,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59685,54],{"class":53},[47,59687,58],{"class":57},[47,59689,62],{"class":61},[47,59691,232],{"class":65},[47,59693,69],{"class":61},[47,59695,77],{"class":65},[47,59697,69],{"class":61},[47,59699,442],{"class":65},[47,59701,80],{"class":61},[47,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59705,5261],{"class":53},[47,59707,58],{"class":57},[47,59709,62],{"class":61},[47,59711,633],{"class":632},[47,59713,13143],{"class":636},[47,59715,633],{"class":632},[47,59717,69],{"class":61},[47,59719,644],{"class":632},[47,59721,36207],{"class":636},[47,59723,633],{"class":632},[47,59725,69],{"class":61},[47,59727,644],{"class":632},[47,59729,36216],{"class":636},[47,59731,633],{"class":632},[47,59733,80],{"class":61},[47,59735,59736,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59737,59738],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,59740,58],{"class":57},[47,59742,62],{"class":61},[47,59744,437],{"class":65},[47,59746,69],{"class":61},[47,59748,644],{"class":632},[47,59750,4118],{"class":636},[47,59752,633],{"class":632},[47,59754,69],{"class":61},[47,59756,4176],{"class":284},[47,59758,80],{"class":61},[47,59760,59761],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59762,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,59764,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,59766,103],{"class":102},[47,59768,106],{"class":61},[47,59770,86],{"class":92},[47,59772,216],{"class":61},[47,59774,59775,59777,59779,59781],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,59776,103],{"class":102},[47,59778,106],{"class":61},[47,59780,5304],{"class":92},[47,59782,216],{"class":61},[47,59784,59785,59787,59789,59792],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,59786,103],{"class":102},[47,59788,106],{"class":61},[47,59790,59791],{"class":92},"mixed",[47,59793,216],{"class":61},[20,59795,59796],{},[4015,59797,219],{},[38,59799,59801],{"className":40,"code":59800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59802,59803,59819,59847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59804,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59806,229],{"class":61},[47,59808,232],{"class":65},[47,59810,69],{"class":61},[47,59812,77],{"class":65},[47,59814,69],{"class":61},[47,59816,442],{"class":65},[47,59818,80],{"class":61},[47,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59822,229],{"class":61},[47,59824,699],{"class":632},[47,59826,13143],{"class":636},[47,59828,699],{"class":632},[47,59830,69],{"class":61},[47,59832,708],{"class":632},[47,59834,36207],{"class":636},[47,59836,699],{"class":632},[47,59838,69],{"class":61},[47,59840,708],{"class":632},[47,59842,36216],{"class":636},[47,59844,699],{"class":632},[47,59846,80],{"class":61},[47,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59850,229],{"class":61},[47,59852,437],{"class":65},[47,59854,69],{"class":61},[47,59856,708],{"class":632},[47,59858,4118],{"class":636},[47,59860,699],{"class":632},[47,59862,69],{"class":61},[47,59864,4176],{"class":284},[47,59866,80],{"class":61},[1404,59868,59870],{"id":59869},"key-points","Key points",[138,59872,59873,59878,59880],{},[141,59874,118,59875,59877],{},[15,59876,4059],{}," to make a new list",[141,59879,15697],{},[141,59881,59882],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[33,59884,59886],{"id":59885},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59888,59889],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,59891,59893],{"className":40,"code":59892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59894,59895,59903,59907,59917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59896,59897,59899,59901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59898,8573],{"class":53},[47,59900,58],{"class":57},[47,59902,8102],{"class":61},[47,59904,59905],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59906,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,59908,59909,59911,59913,59915],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59910,103],{"class":102},[47,59912,106],{"class":61},[47,59914,269],{"class":92},[47,59916,216],{"class":61},[47,59918,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59920,103],{"class":102},[47,59922,106],{"class":61},[47,59924,969],{"class":102},[47,59926,106],{"class":61},[47,59928,269],{"class":92},[47,59930,1978],{"class":61},[20,59932,59933],{},[4015,59934,219],{},[38,59936,59938],{"className":40,"code":59937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,59939,59940,59944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59941,59942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59943,38562],{"class":61},[47,59945,59946],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59947,47520],{"class":65},[20,59949,59950],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,59952,59954],{"className":40,"code":59953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59955,59956,59964,59968,59986,60004,60022,60026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59957,59958,59960,59962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59959,5261],{"class":53},[47,59961,58],{"class":57},[47,59963,8102],{"class":61},[47,59965,59966],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,59967,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,59969,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,59971,5304],{"class":53},[47,59973,89],{"class":61},[47,59975,13817],{"class":92},[47,59977,106],{"class":61},[47,59979,633],{"class":632},[47,59981,13143],{"class":636},[47,59983,633],{"class":632},[47,59985,216],{"class":61},[47,59987,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,59989,5304],{"class":53},[47,59991,89],{"class":61},[47,59993,13817],{"class":92},[47,59995,106],{"class":61},[47,59997,633],{"class":632},[47,59999,36207],{"class":636},[47,60001,633],{"class":632},[47,60003,216],{"class":61},[47,60005,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,60007,5304],{"class":53},[47,60009,89],{"class":61},[47,60011,13817],{"class":92},[47,60013,106],{"class":61},[47,60015,633],{"class":632},[47,60017,36216],{"class":636},[47,60019,633],{"class":632},[47,60021,216],{"class":61},[47,60023,60024],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,60025,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,60027,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,60029,103],{"class":102},[47,60031,106],{"class":61},[47,60033,5304],{"class":92},[47,60035,216],{"class":61},[20,60037,60038],{},[4015,60039,219],{},[38,60041,60043],{"className":40,"code":60042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60044,60045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60048,229],{"class":61},[47,60050,699],{"class":632},[47,60052,13143],{"class":636},[47,60054,699],{"class":632},[47,60056,69],{"class":61},[47,60058,708],{"class":632},[47,60060,36207],{"class":636},[47,60062,699],{"class":632},[47,60064,69],{"class":61},[47,60066,708],{"class":632},[47,60068,36216],{"class":636},[47,60070,699],{"class":632},[47,60072,80],{"class":61},[20,60074,60075,60076,89],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[252,60077,60078,11006],{"href":57034},[15,60079,52922],{},[33,60081,60083,60084],{"id":60082},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60085,25045],{},[20,60087,118,60088,60090],{},[15,60089,25045],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60092,5724],{},[138,60094,60095,60097,60099,60101],{},[141,60096,5575],{},[141,60098,5569],{},[141,60100,5572],{},[141,60102,60103],{},[15,60104,36463],{},[1404,60106,60108],{"id":60107},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,60110,60112],{"className":40,"code":60111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60113,60114,60132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60115,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60117,1639],{"class":53},[47,60119,58],{"class":57},[47,60121,1644],{"class":882},[47,60123,106],{"class":61},[47,60125,633],{"class":632},[47,60127,41826],{"class":636},[47,60129,633],{"class":632},[47,60131,216],{"class":61},[47,60133,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60135,103],{"class":102},[47,60137,106],{"class":61},[47,60139,1659],{"class":92},[47,60141,216],{"class":61},[20,60143,60144],{},[4015,60145,219],{},[38,60147,60148],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60149,60150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60151,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60153,229],{"class":61},[47,60155,699],{"class":632},[47,60157,252],{"class":636},[47,60159,699],{"class":632},[47,60161,69],{"class":61},[47,60163,708],{"class":632},[47,60165,5026],{"class":636},[47,60167,699],{"class":632},[47,60169,69],{"class":61},[47,60171,708],{"class":632},[47,60173,10004],{"class":636},[47,60175,699],{"class":632},[47,60177,80],{"class":61},[1404,60179,60181],{"id":60180},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,60183,60185],{"className":40,"code":60184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60186,60187,60209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60188,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60190,54],{"class":53},[47,60192,58],{"class":57},[47,60194,1644],{"class":882},[47,60196,5777],{"class":61},[47,60198,232],{"class":65},[47,60200,69],{"class":61},[47,60202,77],{"class":65},[47,60204,69],{"class":61},[47,60206,442],{"class":65},[47,60208,1978],{"class":61},[47,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60212,103],{"class":102},[47,60214,106],{"class":61},[47,60216,86],{"class":92},[47,60218,216],{"class":61},[20,60220,60221],{},[4015,60222,219],{},[38,60224,60225],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60226,60227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60228,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60230,229],{"class":61},[47,60232,232],{"class":65},[47,60234,69],{"class":61},[47,60236,77],{"class":65},[47,60238,69],{"class":61},[47,60240,442],{"class":65},[47,60242,80],{"class":61},[1404,60244,60246],{"id":60245},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,60248,60250],{"className":40,"code":60249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60251,60252,60271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60253,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60265,60267,60269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60255,4095],{"class":53},[47,60257,58],{"class":57},[47,60259,1644],{"class":882},[47,60261,106],{"class":61},[47,60263,60264],{"class":102},"range",[47,60266,106],{"class":61},[47,60268,173],{"class":65},[47,60270,1978],{"class":61},[47,60272,60273,60275,60277,60279],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60274,103],{"class":102},[47,60276,106],{"class":61},[47,60278,5625],{"class":92},[47,60280,216],{"class":61},[20,60282,60283],{},[4015,60284,219],{},[38,60286,60288],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60289,60290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60291,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60293,229],{"class":61},[47,60295,2403],{"class":65},[47,60297,69],{"class":61},[47,60299,72],{"class":65},[47,60301,69],{"class":61},[47,60303,77],{"class":65},[47,60305,69],{"class":61},[47,60307,442],{"class":65},[47,60309,69],{"class":61},[47,60311,402],{"class":65},[47,60313,80],{"class":61},[20,60315,60316,60318,60319,89],{},[15,60317,25045],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[252,60320,60322,60324],{"href":60321},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60323,25045],{},": Function Explained",[33,60326,60328],{"id":60327},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60330,60331],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60333,60334],{},"Examples include:",[138,60336,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345],{},[141,60338,5575],{},[141,60340,40689],{},[141,60342,52315],{},[141,60344,40859],{},[141,60346,60347],{},"other lists",[38,60349,60351],{"className":40,"code":60350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60352,60353,60391,60395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60354,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60356,9430],{"class":53},[47,60358,58],{"class":57},[47,60360,62],{"class":61},[47,60362,633],{"class":632},[47,60364,13143],{"class":636},[47,60366,633],{"class":632},[47,60368,69],{"class":61},[47,60370,9570],{"class":65},[47,60372,69],{"class":61},[47,60374,4185],{"class":284},[47,60376,69],{"class":61},[47,60378,62],{"class":61},[47,60380,232],{"class":65},[47,60382,69],{"class":61},[47,60384,77],{"class":65},[47,60386,69],{"class":61},[47,60388,442],{"class":65},[47,60390,53512],{"class":61},[47,60392,60393],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60394,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,60396,60397,60399,60401,60403],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,60398,103],{"class":102},[47,60400,106],{"class":61},[47,60402,9468],{"class":92},[47,60404,216],{"class":61},[20,60406,60407],{},[4015,60408,219],{},[38,60410,60412],{"className":40,"code":60411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60413,60414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60415,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60417,229],{"class":61},[47,60419,699],{"class":632},[47,60421,13143],{"class":636},[47,60423,699],{"class":632},[47,60425,69],{"class":61},[47,60427,9570],{"class":65},[47,60429,69],{"class":61},[47,60431,4185],{"class":284},[47,60433,69],{"class":61},[47,60435,62],{"class":61},[47,60437,232],{"class":65},[47,60439,69],{"class":61},[47,60441,77],{"class":65},[47,60443,69],{"class":61},[47,60445,442],{"class":65},[47,60447,53512],{"class":61},[20,60449,60450,60451,89],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[4015,60452,60453],{},"nested list",[20,60455,60456],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[33,60458,4784],{"id":4783},[20,60460,60461],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1404,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60467,60468],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,60470,60472],{"className":40,"code":60471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60473,60474,60478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60475,60476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60477,4801],{"class":114},[47,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60481,54],{"class":53},[47,60483,58],{"class":57},[47,60485,62],{"class":61},[47,60487,232],{"class":65},[47,60489,77],{"class":65},[47,60491,442],{"class":65},[47,60493,80],{"class":61},[20,60495,11073],{},[38,60497,60499],{"className":40,"code":60498,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60500,60501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60502,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60504,54],{"class":53},[47,60506,58],{"class":57},[47,60508,62],{"class":61},[47,60510,232],{"class":65},[47,60512,69],{"class":61},[47,60514,77],{"class":65},[47,60516,69],{"class":61},[47,60518,442],{"class":65},[47,60520,80],{"class":61},[1404,60522,8681,60524,11358,60526],{"id":60523},"using-instead-of",[15,60525,7629],{},[15,60527,4059],{},[20,60529,60530],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,60532,60534],{"className":40,"code":60533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60535,60536,60557,60561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60537,60538,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551,60553,60555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60539,60540],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60542,58],{"class":57},[47,60544,9500],{"class":61},[47,60546,232],{"class":65},[47,60548,69],{"class":61},[47,60550,77],{"class":65},[47,60552,69],{"class":61},[47,60554,442],{"class":65},[47,60556,216],{"class":61},[47,60558,60559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60560,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60574],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,60564,103],{"class":102},[47,60566,106],{"class":61},[47,60568,1971],{"class":882},[47,60570,106],{"class":61},[47,60572,60573],{"class":92},"my_values",[47,60575,1978],{"class":61},[20,60577,60578],{},[4015,60579,219],{},[38,60581,60583],{"className":40,"code":60582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60584,60585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60586,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60588,3568],{"class":57},[47,60590,3571],{"class":2348},[47,60592,708],{"class":632},[47,60594,49222],{"class":636},[47,60596,699],{"class":632},[47,60598,3580],{"class":57},[20,60600,60601],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,60603,60605],{"className":40,"code":60604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60606,60607,60627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60608,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60610,60540],{"class":53},[47,60612,58],{"class":57},[47,60614,62],{"class":61},[47,60616,232],{"class":65},[47,60618,69],{"class":61},[47,60620,77],{"class":65},[47,60622,69],{"class":61},[47,60624,442],{"class":65},[47,60626,80],{"class":61},[47,60628,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60630,103],{"class":102},[47,60632,106],{"class":61},[47,60634,1971],{"class":882},[47,60636,106],{"class":61},[47,60638,60573],{"class":92},[47,60640,1978],{"class":61},[1404,60642,8717,60644,60647],{"id":60643},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60645,60646],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60649,60650,60652],{},[15,60651,25045],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,60654,60656],{"className":40,"code":60655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60657,60658,60677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60659,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60673,60675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60661,1442],{"class":53},[47,60663,58],{"class":57},[47,60665,1644],{"class":882},[47,60667,106],{"class":61},[47,60669,633],{"class":632},[47,60671,60672],{"class":636},"hello world",[47,60674,633],{"class":632},[47,60676,216],{"class":61},[47,60678,60679,60681,60683,60685],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60680,103],{"class":102},[47,60682,106],{"class":61},[47,60684,1466],{"class":92},[47,60686,216],{"class":61},[20,60688,60689],{},[4015,60690,219],{},[38,60692,60694],{"className":40,"code":60693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60695,60696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60697,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60713,60715,60717,60719,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763,60765,60767,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60699,229],{"class":61},[47,60701,699],{"class":632},[47,60703,1695],{"class":636},[47,60705,699],{"class":632},[47,60707,69],{"class":61},[47,60709,708],{"class":632},[47,60711,60712],{"class":636},"e",[47,60714,699],{"class":632},[47,60716,69],{"class":61},[47,60718,708],{"class":632},[47,60720,60721],{"class":636},"l",[47,60723,699],{"class":632},[47,60725,69],{"class":61},[47,60727,708],{"class":632},[47,60729,60721],{"class":636},[47,60731,699],{"class":632},[47,60733,69],{"class":61},[47,60735,708],{"class":632},[47,60737,1713],{"class":636},[47,60739,699],{"class":632},[47,60741,69],{"class":61},[47,60743,708],{"class":632},[47,60745,708],{"class":632},[47,60747,69],{"class":61},[47,60749,708],{"class":632},[47,60751,60752],{"class":636},"w",[47,60754,699],{"class":632},[47,60756,69],{"class":61},[47,60758,708],{"class":632},[47,60760,1713],{"class":636},[47,60762,699],{"class":632},[47,60764,69],{"class":61},[47,60766,708],{"class":632},[47,60768,60769],{"class":636},"r",[47,60771,699],{"class":632},[47,60773,69],{"class":61},[47,60775,708],{"class":632},[47,60777,60721],{"class":636},[47,60779,699],{"class":632},[47,60781,69],{"class":61},[47,60783,708],{"class":632},[47,60785,19032],{"class":636},[47,60787,699],{"class":632},[47,60789,80],{"class":61},[20,60791,60792,60793,60796],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60794,60795],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,60798,60800],{"className":40,"code":60799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60801,60802,60820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60803,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814,60816,60818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60805,625],{"class":53},[47,60807,58],{"class":57},[47,60809,644],{"class":632},[47,60811,60672],{"class":636},[47,60813,633],{"class":632},[47,60815,89],{"class":61},[47,60817,34736],{"class":92},[47,60819,96],{"class":61},[47,60821,60822,60824,60826,60828],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60823,103],{"class":102},[47,60825,106],{"class":61},[47,60827,665],{"class":92},[47,60829,216],{"class":61},[20,60831,60832],{},[4015,60833,219],{},[38,60835,60837],{"className":40,"code":60836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60838,60839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60840,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853,60856,60858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60842,229],{"class":61},[47,60844,699],{"class":632},[47,60846,4118],{"class":636},[47,60848,699],{"class":632},[47,60850,69],{"class":61},[47,60852,708],{"class":632},[47,60854,60855],{"class":636},"world",[47,60857,699],{"class":632},[47,60859,80],{"class":61},[1404,60861,60863],{"id":60862},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60865,60866],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,60868,60870],{"className":40,"code":60869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60871,60872,60876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60873,60874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60875,4801],{"class":114},[47,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60897,60899,60901,60903],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60879,5261],{"class":53},[47,60881,58],{"class":57},[47,60883,62],{"class":61},[47,60885,633],{"class":632},[47,60887,13143],{"class":636},[47,60889,633],{"class":632},[47,60891,69],{"class":61},[47,60893,644],{"class":632},[47,60895,60896],{"class":636},"Ben', ",[47,60898,633],{"class":632},[47,60900,36216],{"class":53},[47,60902,633],{"class":632},[47,60904,80],{"class":636},[20,60906,60907],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,60909,60911],{"className":40,"code":60910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60912,60913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60914,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941,60943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60916,5261],{"class":53},[47,60918,58],{"class":57},[47,60920,62],{"class":61},[47,60922,633],{"class":632},[47,60924,13143],{"class":636},[47,60926,633],{"class":632},[47,60928,69],{"class":61},[47,60930,644],{"class":632},[47,60932,36207],{"class":636},[47,60934,633],{"class":632},[47,60936,69],{"class":61},[47,60938,644],{"class":632},[47,60940,36216],{"class":636},[47,60942,633],{"class":632},[47,60944,80],{"class":61},[1404,60946,60948],{"id":60947},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60950,60951],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[138,60953,60954,60957,60960,60965],{},[141,60955,60956],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[141,60958,60959],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[141,60961,60962,60963],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60964,25045],{},[141,60966,8717,60967,60970],{},[15,60968,60969],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1404,60972,1944],{"id":1943},[38,60974,60976],{"className":40,"code":60975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60977,60978,60988,61002,61016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60979,60980,60982,60984,60986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60981,103],{"class":102},[47,60983,106],{"class":61},[47,60985,269],{"class":92},[47,60987,216],{"class":61},[47,60989,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,60991,103],{"class":102},[47,60993,106],{"class":61},[47,60995,1971],{"class":882},[47,60997,106],{"class":61},[47,60999,269],{"class":92},[47,61001,1978],{"class":61},[47,61003,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61005,103],{"class":102},[47,61007,106],{"class":61},[47,61009,969],{"class":102},[47,61011,106],{"class":61},[47,61013,269],{"class":92},[47,61015,1978],{"class":61},[47,61017,61018,61020,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61019,103],{"class":102},[47,61021,106],{"class":61},[47,61023,8358],{"class":882},[47,61025,106],{"class":61},[47,61027,60264],{"class":102},[47,61029,106],{"class":61},[47,61031,173],{"class":65},[47,61033,3192],{"class":61},[20,61035,26272],{},[138,61037,61038,61041,61044,61047],{},[141,61039,61040],{},"what the list contains",[141,61042,61043],{},"whether the value is really a list",[141,61045,61046],{},"how many items it has",[141,61048,26283,61049,61051,61052],{},[15,61050,25045],{}," does with ",[15,61053,36463],{},[33,61055,61057],{"id":61056},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61059,61060],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61062,61063],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[138,61065,61066,61081,61086],{},[141,61067,118,61068,2472,61072,17337,61076,61080],{},[252,61069,61070],{"href":57034},[15,61071,52922],{},[252,61073,61074],{"href":53614},[15,61075,53716],{},[252,61077,61078],{"href":54178},[15,61079,54537],{}," to add items later",[141,61082,118,61083,61085],{},[252,61084,59661],{"href":254}," for a broader introduction",[141,61087,118,61088,61092],{},[252,61089,61090,60324],{"href":60321},[15,61091,25045],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[33,61094,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,61096,61098],{"id":61097},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61100,61101],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,61103,61104],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61105,61106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61107,61108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61109,38562],{"class":61},[1404,61111,61113],{"id":61112},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61115,61116],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,61118,61119],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61120,61121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61122,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61124,229],{"class":61},[47,61126,232],{"class":65},[47,61128,69],{"class":61},[47,61130,77],{"class":65},[47,61132,69],{"class":61},[47,61134,442],{"class":65},[47,61136,80],{"class":61},[1404,61138,5408,61140,61142],{"id":61139},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61141,25045],{}," do in Python?",[20,61144,61145,61146,61148],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61147,36463],{},", into a list.",[1404,61150,61152],{"id":61151},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61154,61155],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1404,61157,2094,61159,1233,61161,2099],{"id":61158},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61160,4059],{},[15,61162,7629],{},[20,61164,61165,61167,61168,61170],{},[15,61166,4059],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61169,7629],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[33,61172,2187],{"id":2186},[138,61174,61175,61179,61185,61191,61197,61203,61207],{},[141,61176,61177],{},[252,61178,59661],{"href":254},[141,61180,61181],{},[252,61182,55786,61183,18],{"href":57034},[15,61184,52922],{},[141,61186,61187],{},[252,61188,55786,61189,18],{"href":53614},[15,61190,53716],{},[141,61192,61193],{},[252,61194,55786,61195,18],{"href":54178},[15,61196,54537],{},[141,61198,61199],{},[252,61200,1386,61201,3855],{"href":60321},[15,61202,25045],{},[141,61204,61205],{},[252,61206,59664],{"href":58759},[141,61208,61209],{},[252,61210,61211],{"href":12328},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61213,61214,61215,61217],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61216,52922],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2210,61219,61220],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":61222},[61223,61224,61225,61226,61229,61230,61236,61237,61247,61248,61257],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":59556,"depth":83,"text":59557},{"id":59667,"depth":83,"text":59668,"children":61227},[61228],{"id":59869,"depth":99,"text":59870},{"id":59885,"depth":83,"text":59886},{"id":60082,"depth":83,"text":61231,"children":61232},"Create a list with list()",[61233,61234,61235],{"id":60107,"depth":99,"text":60108},{"id":60180,"depth":99,"text":60181},{"id":60245,"depth":99,"text":60246},{"id":60327,"depth":83,"text":60328},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":61238},[61239,61240,61242,61244,61245,61246],{"id":60464,"depth":99,"text":60465},{"id":60523,"depth":99,"text":61241},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60643,"depth":99,"text":61243},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60862,"depth":99,"text":60863},{"id":60947,"depth":99,"text":60948},{"id":1943,"depth":99,"text":1944},{"id":61056,"depth":83,"text":61057},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":61249},[61250,61251,61252,61254,61255],{"id":61097,"depth":99,"text":61098},{"id":61112,"depth":99,"text":61113},{"id":61139,"depth":99,"text":61253},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61151,"depth":99,"text":61152},{"id":61158,"depth":99,"text":61256},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59298,"description":61258},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61265,"title":61266,"body":61267,"description":63007,"extension":2248,"meta":63008,"navigation":203,"path":63009,"seo":63010,"stem":63011,"__hash__":63012},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61268,"toc":62962},[61269,61274,61279,61282,61284,61355,61360,61365,61369,61383,61388,61390,61410,61415,61418,61441,61445,61450,61542,61544,61566,61572,61578,61585,61592,61598,61655,61661,61719,61721,61733,61741,61747,61752,61756,61813,61816,61820,61879,61882,61886,61944,61956,61960,62013,62016,62020,62026,62032,62094,62097,62158,62161,62217,62222,62224,62228,62235,62296,62301,62310,62366,62373,62377,62435,62444,62502,62506,62541,62545,62555,62558,62613,62627,62630,62745,62750,62754,62765,62767,62846,62856,62858,62863,62867,62874,62882,62888,62891,62897,62900,62906,62912,62914,62950,62959],[10,61270,13,61272,18],{"id":61271},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61273,53716],{},[20,61275,61276,61278],{},[15,61277,53617],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61280,61281],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[33,61283,36],{"id":35},[38,61285,61287],{"className":40,"code":61286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61288,61289,61305,61322,61326,61341,61351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61290,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61292,54],{"class":53},[47,61294,58],{"class":57},[47,61296,62],{"class":61},[47,61298,232],{"class":65},[47,61300,69],{"class":61},[47,61302,77],{"class":65},[47,61304,80],{"class":61},[47,61306,61307,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61308,61309],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,61311,58],{"class":57},[47,61313,62],{"class":61},[47,61315,66],{"class":65},[47,61317,69],{"class":61},[47,61319,402],{"class":65},[47,61321,80],{"class":61},[47,61323,61324],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61325,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61327,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61339],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61329,86],{"class":53},[47,61331,89],{"class":61},[47,61333,53746],{"class":92},[47,61335,106],{"class":61},[47,61337,61338],{"class":92},"more_numbers",[47,61340,216],{"class":61},[47,61342,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61344,103],{"class":102},[47,61346,106],{"class":61},[47,61348,86],{"class":92},[47,61350,216],{"class":61},[47,61352,61353],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,61354,52993],{"class":114},[20,61356,118,61357,61359],{},[15,61358,53716],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[33,61361,128,61363,131],{"id":61362},"what-listextend-does",[15,61364,53617],{},[20,61366,61367,136],{},[15,61368,53716],{},[138,61370,61371,61374,61376,61379],{},[141,61372,61373],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[141,61375,54696],{},[141,61377,61378],{},"Does not create a new list",[141,61380,149,61381],{},[15,61382,124],{},[20,61384,61385,61386,54071],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61387,53716],{},[33,61389,259],{"id":258},[38,61391,61393],{"className":40,"code":61392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61394,61395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61396,61397,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61398,61399],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61401,89],{"class":61},[47,61403,53746],{"class":92},[47,61405,106],{"class":61},[47,61407,3992],{"class":92},[47,61409,216],{"class":61},[20,61411,5719,61412,61414],{},[4015,61413,3992],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61416,61417],{},"Common iterables include:",[138,61419,61420,61424,61428,61432,61437],{},[141,61421,61422],{},[15,61423,8358],{},[141,61425,61426],{},[15,61427,49222],{},[141,61429,61430],{},[15,61431,6551],{},[141,61433,61434],{},[15,61435,61436],{},"string",[141,61438,61439],{},[15,61440,60264],{},[33,61442,61444],{"id":61443},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61446,61447,61448,136],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61449,53716],{},[38,61451,61453],{"className":40,"code":61452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61454,61455,61479,61504,61508,61523,61527,61537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61456,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61458,36504],{"class":53},[47,61460,58],{"class":57},[47,61462,62],{"class":61},[47,61464,633],{"class":632},[47,61466,647],{"class":636},[47,61468,633],{"class":632},[47,61470,69],{"class":61},[47,61472,644],{"class":632},[47,61474,637],{"class":636},[47,61476,633],{"class":632},[47,61478,80],{"class":61},[47,61480,61481,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61482,61483],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61485,58],{"class":57},[47,61487,62],{"class":61},[47,61489,633],{"class":632},[47,61491,33488],{"class":636},[47,61493,633],{"class":632},[47,61495,69],{"class":61},[47,61497,644],{"class":632},[47,61499,22799],{"class":636},[47,61501,633],{"class":632},[47,61503,80],{"class":61},[47,61505,61506],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61507,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61509,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518,61521],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61511,36556],{"class":53},[47,61513,89],{"class":61},[47,61515,53746],{"class":92},[47,61517,106],{"class":61},[47,61519,61520],{"class":92},"more_fruits",[47,61522,216],{"class":61},[47,61524,61525],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61526,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61528,61529,61531,61533,61535],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,61530,103],{"class":102},[47,61532,106],{"class":61},[47,61534,36556],{"class":92},[47,61536,216],{"class":61},[47,61538,61539],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,61540,61541],{"class":114},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61543,11948],{},[138,61545,61546,61551,61556],{},[141,61547,61548,61550],{},[15,61549,36556],{}," starts with two items",[141,61552,61553,61555],{},[15,61554,61520],{}," has two more items",[141,61557,61558,61560,61561,61563,61564],{},[15,61559,53716],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61562,61520],{}," to ",[15,61565,36556],{},[20,61567,61568,61569,61571],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61570,36556],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61573,54835,61574,1233,61576,89],{},[252,61575,53041],{"href":254},[252,61577,57420],{"href":57419},[33,61579,61581,1225,61583],{"id":61580},"extend-vs-append",[15,61582,53716],{},[15,61584,52922],{},[20,61586,61587,1233,61589,61591],{},[15,61588,53716],{},[15,61590,52922],{}," are often confused.",[1404,61593,61595,61597],{"id":61594},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61596,53716],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,61599,61601],{"className":40,"code":61600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61602,61603,61619,61637,61641,61651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61604,61605,61607,61609,61611,61613,61615,61617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61606,54],{"class":53},[47,61608,58],{"class":57},[47,61610,62],{"class":61},[47,61612,232],{"class":65},[47,61614,69],{"class":61},[47,61616,77],{"class":65},[47,61618,80],{"class":61},[47,61620,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61622,86],{"class":53},[47,61624,89],{"class":61},[47,61626,53746],{"class":92},[47,61628,2015],{"class":61},[47,61630,66],{"class":65},[47,61632,69],{"class":61},[47,61634,402],{"class":65},[47,61636,2040],{"class":61},[47,61638,61639],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61640,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61642,61643,61645,61647,61649],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61644,103],{"class":102},[47,61646,106],{"class":61},[47,61648,86],{"class":92},[47,61650,216],{"class":61},[47,61652,61653],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61654,52993],{"class":114},[1404,61656,61658,61660],{"id":61657},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61659,52922],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,61662,61664],{"className":40,"code":61663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61665,61666,61682,61700,61704,61714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61667,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61669,54],{"class":53},[47,61671,58],{"class":57},[47,61673,62],{"class":61},[47,61675,232],{"class":65},[47,61677,69],{"class":61},[47,61679,77],{"class":65},[47,61681,80],{"class":61},[47,61683,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61685,86],{"class":53},[47,61687,89],{"class":61},[47,61689,13817],{"class":92},[47,61691,2015],{"class":61},[47,61693,66],{"class":65},[47,61695,69],{"class":61},[47,61697,402],{"class":65},[47,61699,2040],{"class":61},[47,61701,61702],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61703,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61705,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61707,103],{"class":102},[47,61709,106],{"class":61},[47,61711,86],{"class":92},[47,61713,216],{"class":61},[47,61715,61716],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61717,61718],{"class":114},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61720,2114],{},[138,61722,61723,61728],{},[141,61724,61725,61727],{},[15,61726,53716],{}," to combine values",[141,61729,61730,61732],{},[15,61731,52922],{}," to add one item",[20,61734,42359,61735,1233,61739,89],{},[252,61736,55786,61737,11006],{"href":57034},[15,61738,52922],{},[252,61740,53319],{"href":53318},[33,61742,8681,61744,61746],{"id":61743},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61745,53716],{}," with different iterables",[20,61748,61749,61751],{},[15,61750,53716],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1404,61753,61755],{"id":61754},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,61757,61759],{"className":40,"code":61758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61760,61761,61777,61795,61799,61809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61762,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61764,4095],{"class":53},[47,61766,58],{"class":57},[47,61768,62],{"class":61},[47,61770,232],{"class":65},[47,61772,69],{"class":61},[47,61774,77],{"class":65},[47,61776,80],{"class":61},[47,61778,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61780,5625],{"class":53},[47,61782,89],{"class":61},[47,61784,53746],{"class":92},[47,61786,5777],{"class":61},[47,61788,66],{"class":65},[47,61790,69],{"class":61},[47,61792,402],{"class":65},[47,61794,1978],{"class":61},[47,61796,61797],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61798,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61802,103],{"class":102},[47,61804,106],{"class":61},[47,61806,5625],{"class":92},[47,61808,216],{"class":61},[47,61810,61811],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61812,52993],{"class":114},[20,61814,61815],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1404,61817,61819],{"id":61818},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,61821,61823],{"className":40,"code":61822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61824,61825,61841,61860,61864,61874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61826,61827,61829,61831,61833,61835,61837,61839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61828,1639],{"class":53},[47,61830,58],{"class":57},[47,61832,62],{"class":61},[47,61834,633],{"class":632},[47,61836,252],{"class":636},[47,61838,633],{"class":632},[47,61840,80],{"class":61},[47,61842,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853,61856,61858],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61844,1659],{"class":53},[47,61846,89],{"class":61},[47,61848,53746],{"class":92},[47,61850,106],{"class":61},[47,61852,633],{"class":632},[47,61854,61855],{"class":636},"bc",[47,61857,633],{"class":632},[47,61859,216],{"class":61},[47,61861,61862],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61863,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61865,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61867,103],{"class":102},[47,61869,106],{"class":61},[47,61871,1659],{"class":92},[47,61873,216],{"class":61},[47,61875,61876],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61877,61878],{"class":114},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61880,61881],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1404,61883,61885],{"id":61884},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,61887,61889],{"className":40,"code":61888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61890,61891,61903,61925,61929,61939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61892,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61894,54],{"class":53},[47,61896,58],{"class":57},[47,61898,62],{"class":61},[47,61900,2403],{"class":65},[47,61902,80],{"class":61},[47,61904,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61906,86],{"class":53},[47,61908,89],{"class":61},[47,61910,53746],{"class":92},[47,61912,106],{"class":61},[47,61914,60264],{"class":102},[47,61916,106],{"class":61},[47,61918,232],{"class":65},[47,61920,69],{"class":61},[47,61922,402],{"class":65},[47,61924,1978],{"class":61},[47,61926,61927],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,61928,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,61930,61931,61933,61935,61937],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,61932,103],{"class":102},[47,61934,106],{"class":61},[47,61936,86],{"class":92},[47,61938,216],{"class":61},[47,61940,61941],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,61942,61943],{"class":114},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61945,61946,61949,61950,2472,61952,17337,61954,89],{},[15,61947,61948],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61951,232],{},[15,61953,2340],{},[15,61955,66],{},[1404,61957,61959],{"id":61958},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,61961,61963],{"className":40,"code":61962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61964,61965,61981,61999,62003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61966,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61968,1536],{"class":53},[47,61970,58],{"class":57},[47,61972,62],{"class":61},[47,61974,232],{"class":65},[47,61976,69],{"class":61},[47,61978,77],{"class":65},[47,61980,80],{"class":61},[47,61982,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,61984,1562],{"class":53},[47,61986,89],{"class":61},[47,61988,53746],{"class":92},[47,61990,5796],{"class":61},[47,61992,66],{"class":65},[47,61994,69],{"class":61},[47,61996,402],{"class":65},[47,61998,30762],{"class":61},[47,62000,62001],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62002,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62004,62005,62007,62009,62011],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62006,103],{"class":102},[47,62008,106],{"class":61},[47,62010,1562],{"class":92},[47,62012,216],{"class":61},[20,62014,62015],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[33,62017,62019],{"id":62018},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62021,62022,2057,62024,89],{},[15,62023,53716],{},[15,62025,124],{},[20,62027,62028,62029,136],{},"That means this is ",[4015,62030,62031],{},"wrong",[38,62033,62035],{"className":40,"code":62034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62036,62037,62053,62075,62079,62089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62038,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049,62051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62040,54],{"class":53},[47,62042,58],{"class":57},[47,62044,62],{"class":61},[47,62046,232],{"class":65},[47,62048,69],{"class":61},[47,62050,77],{"class":65},[47,62052,80],{"class":61},[47,62054,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62056,1442],{"class":53},[47,62058,58],{"class":57},[47,62060,1447],{"class":53},[47,62062,89],{"class":61},[47,62064,53746],{"class":92},[47,62066,2015],{"class":61},[47,62068,66],{"class":65},[47,62070,69],{"class":61},[47,62072,402],{"class":65},[47,62074,2040],{"class":61},[47,62076,62077],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62078,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62080,62081,62083,62085,62087],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62082,103],{"class":102},[47,62084,106],{"class":61},[47,62086,1466],{"class":92},[47,62088,216],{"class":61},[47,62090,62091],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62092,62093],{"class":114},"# None\n",[20,62095,62096],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,62098,62100],{"className":40,"code":62099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62101,62102,62118,62140,62144,62154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62103,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62105,54],{"class":53},[47,62107,58],{"class":57},[47,62109,62],{"class":61},[47,62111,232],{"class":65},[47,62113,69],{"class":61},[47,62115,77],{"class":65},[47,62117,80],{"class":61},[47,62119,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62121,54],{"class":53},[47,62123,58],{"class":57},[47,62125,1447],{"class":53},[47,62127,89],{"class":61},[47,62129,53746],{"class":92},[47,62131,2015],{"class":61},[47,62133,66],{"class":65},[47,62135,69],{"class":61},[47,62137,402],{"class":65},[47,62139,2040],{"class":61},[47,62141,62142],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62143,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62147,103],{"class":102},[47,62149,106],{"class":61},[47,62151,86],{"class":92},[47,62153,216],{"class":61},[47,62155,62156],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62157,62093],{"class":114},[20,62159,62160],{},"The correct way is:",[38,62162,62163],{"className":40,"code":61600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62164,62165,62181,62199,62203,62213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62168,54],{"class":53},[47,62170,58],{"class":57},[47,62172,62],{"class":61},[47,62174,232],{"class":65},[47,62176,69],{"class":61},[47,62178,77],{"class":65},[47,62180,80],{"class":61},[47,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62184,86],{"class":53},[47,62186,89],{"class":61},[47,62188,53746],{"class":92},[47,62190,2015],{"class":61},[47,62192,66],{"class":65},[47,62194,69],{"class":61},[47,62196,402],{"class":65},[47,62198,2040],{"class":61},[47,62200,62201],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62202,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62204,62205,62207,62209,62211],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62206,103],{"class":102},[47,62208,106],{"class":61},[47,62210,86],{"class":92},[47,62212,216],{"class":61},[47,62214,62215],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62216,52993],{"class":114},[20,62218,56174,62219,62221],{},[15,62220,53716],{}," first, then use the original list.",[33,62223,4784],{"id":4783},[20,62225,14998,62226,89],{},[15,62227,53716],{},[1404,62229,62231,62232,62234],{"id":62230},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62233,53716],{}," to return a new list",[38,62236,62238],{"className":40,"code":62237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62239,62240,62256,62278,62282,62292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62241,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62243,54],{"class":53},[47,62245,58],{"class":57},[47,62247,62],{"class":61},[47,62249,232],{"class":65},[47,62251,69],{"class":61},[47,62253,77],{"class":65},[47,62255,80],{"class":61},[47,62257,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62259,55908],{"class":53},[47,62261,58],{"class":57},[47,62263,1447],{"class":53},[47,62265,89],{"class":61},[47,62267,53746],{"class":92},[47,62269,2015],{"class":61},[47,62271,66],{"class":65},[47,62273,69],{"class":61},[47,62275,402],{"class":65},[47,62277,2040],{"class":61},[47,62279,62280],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62281,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62283,62284,62286,62288,62290],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62285,103],{"class":102},[47,62287,106],{"class":61},[47,62289,55927],{"class":92},[47,62291,216],{"class":61},[47,62293,62294],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62295,62093],{"class":114},[20,62297,62298,62299,89],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62300,53716],{},[1404,62302,62304,62305,44897,62307,62309],{"id":62303},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62306,52922],{},[15,62308,53716],{}," is needed",[38,62311,62312],{"className":40,"code":61663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62313,62314,62330,62348,62352,62362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62315,62316,62318,62320,62322,62324,62326,62328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62317,54],{"class":53},[47,62319,58],{"class":57},[47,62321,62],{"class":61},[47,62323,232],{"class":65},[47,62325,69],{"class":61},[47,62327,77],{"class":65},[47,62329,80],{"class":61},[47,62331,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340,62342,62344,62346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62333,86],{"class":53},[47,62335,89],{"class":61},[47,62337,13817],{"class":92},[47,62339,2015],{"class":61},[47,62341,66],{"class":65},[47,62343,69],{"class":61},[47,62345,402],{"class":65},[47,62347,2040],{"class":61},[47,62349,62350],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62351,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62353,62354,62356,62358,62360],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62355,103],{"class":102},[47,62357,106],{"class":61},[47,62359,86],{"class":92},[47,62361,216],{"class":61},[47,62363,62364],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62365,61718],{"class":114},[20,62367,62368,62369,54161,62371,1519],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62370,54160],{},[15,62372,53716],{},[1404,62374,62376],{"id":62375},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,62378,62380],{"className":40,"code":62379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62381,62382,62398,62416,62420,62430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62383,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62385,625],{"class":53},[47,62387,58],{"class":57},[47,62389,62],{"class":61},[47,62391,633],{"class":632},[47,62393,4118],{"class":636},[47,62395,633],{"class":632},[47,62397,80],{"class":61},[47,62399,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62401,665],{"class":53},[47,62403,89],{"class":61},[47,62405,53746],{"class":92},[47,62407,106],{"class":61},[47,62409,633],{"class":632},[47,62411,60855],{"class":636},[47,62413,633],{"class":632},[47,62415,216],{"class":61},[47,62417,62418],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62419,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62421,62422,62424,62426,62428],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62423,103],{"class":102},[47,62425,106],{"class":61},[47,62427,665],{"class":92},[47,62429,216],{"class":61},[47,62431,62432],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62433,62434],{"class":114},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62436,62437,62438,62441,62442,136],{},"If you want ",[15,62439,62440],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62443,52922],{},[38,62445,62447],{"className":40,"code":62446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62448,62449,62465,62483,62487,62497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62450,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62452,625],{"class":53},[47,62454,58],{"class":57},[47,62456,62],{"class":61},[47,62458,633],{"class":632},[47,62460,4118],{"class":636},[47,62462,633],{"class":632},[47,62464,80],{"class":61},[47,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62468,665],{"class":53},[47,62470,89],{"class":61},[47,62472,13817],{"class":92},[47,62474,106],{"class":61},[47,62476,633],{"class":632},[47,62478,60855],{"class":636},[47,62480,633],{"class":632},[47,62482,216],{"class":61},[47,62484,62485],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62486,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62488,62489,62491,62493,62495],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62490,103],{"class":102},[47,62492,106],{"class":61},[47,62494,665],{"class":92},[47,62496,216],{"class":61},[47,62498,62499],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62500,62501],{"class":114},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1404,62503,62505],{"id":62504},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,62507,62509],{"className":40,"code":62508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62510,62511,62527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62514,54],{"class":53},[47,62516,58],{"class":57},[47,62518,62],{"class":61},[47,62520,232],{"class":65},[47,62522,69],{"class":61},[47,62524,77],{"class":65},[47,62526,80],{"class":61},[47,62528,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62530,86],{"class":53},[47,62532,89],{"class":61},[47,62534,53746],{"class":92},[47,62536,106],{"class":61},[47,62538,173],{"class":65},[47,62540,216],{"class":61},[20,62542,39918,62543,6816],{},[15,62544,173],{},[20,62546,62547,62548,62550,62551,62554],{},"You will get a ",[15,62549,1574],{},". See ",[252,62552,62553],{"href":52869},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62556,62557],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,62559,62561],{"className":40,"code":62560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62562,62563,62573,62587,62599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62564,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62566,103],{"class":102},[47,62568,106],{"class":61},[47,62570,269],{"class":92},[47,62572,216],{"class":61},[47,62574,62575,62577,62579,62581,62583,62585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62576,103],{"class":102},[47,62578,106],{"class":61},[47,62580,1971],{"class":882},[47,62582,106],{"class":61},[47,62584,5625],{"class":92},[47,62586,1978],{"class":61},[47,62588,62589,62591,62593,62595,62597],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62590,103],{"class":102},[47,62592,106],{"class":61},[47,62594,1466],{"class":92},[47,62596,111],{"class":61},[47,62598,216],{"class":53},[47,62600,62601,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62602,32419],{"class":102},[47,62604,106],{"class":61},[47,62606,8358],{"class":882},[47,62608,89],{"class":61},[47,62610,53746],{"class":888},[47,62612,216],{"class":61},[43847,62614,62615],{},[20,62616,62617,62618,62621,62622,62624,62625,89],{},"Note: ",[15,62619,62620],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62623,111],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62626,33294],{},[20,62628,62629],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,62631,62633],{"className":40,"code":62632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62634,62635,62651,62667,62671,62685,62689,62697,62707,62721,62731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62636,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62638,8573],{"class":53},[47,62640,58],{"class":57},[47,62642,62],{"class":61},[47,62644,232],{"class":65},[47,62646,69],{"class":61},[47,62648,77],{"class":65},[47,62650,80],{"class":61},[47,62652,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62654,4095],{"class":53},[47,62656,58],{"class":57},[47,62658,62],{"class":61},[47,62660,66],{"class":65},[47,62662,69],{"class":61},[47,62664,402],{"class":65},[47,62666,80],{"class":61},[47,62668,62669],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62670,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62672,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62674,269],{"class":53},[47,62676,89],{"class":61},[47,62678,53746],{"class":92},[47,62680,106],{"class":61},[47,62682,5625],{"class":92},[47,62684,216],{"class":61},[47,62686,62687],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62688,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62690,62691,62693,62695],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,62692,1442],{"class":53},[47,62694,58],{"class":57},[47,62696,48796],{"class":284},[47,62698,62699,62701,62703,62705],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,62700,103],{"class":102},[47,62702,106],{"class":61},[47,62704,269],{"class":92},[47,62706,216],{"class":61},[47,62708,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,62710,103],{"class":102},[47,62712,106],{"class":61},[47,62714,1971],{"class":882},[47,62716,106],{"class":61},[47,62718,5625],{"class":92},[47,62720,1978],{"class":61},[47,62722,62723,62725,62727,62729],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,62724,103],{"class":102},[47,62726,106],{"class":61},[47,62728,1466],{"class":92},[47,62730,216],{"class":61},[47,62732,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,62734,32419],{"class":102},[47,62736,106],{"class":61},[47,62738,8358],{"class":882},[47,62740,89],{"class":61},[47,62742,53746],{"class":888},[47,62744,216],{"class":61},[33,62746,5227,62748],{"id":62747},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62749,53716],{},[20,62751,118,62752,6582],{},[15,62753,53716],{},[138,62755,62756,62759,62762],{},[141,62757,62758],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[141,62760,62761],{},"Add multiple values at once",[141,62763,62764],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62766,5739],{},[38,62768,62770],{"className":40,"code":62769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62771,62772,62789,62807,62811,62827,62831,62841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62773,62774,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62775,62776],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62778,58],{"class":57},[47,62780,62],{"class":61},[47,62782,13766],{"class":65},[47,62784,69],{"class":61},[47,62786,13771],{"class":65},[47,62788,80],{"class":61},[47,62790,62791,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62805],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,62792,62793],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62795,58],{"class":57},[47,62797,62],{"class":61},[47,62799,51774],{"class":65},[47,62801,69],{"class":61},[47,62803,62804],{"class":65}," 92",[47,62806,80],{"class":61},[47,62808,62809],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,62810,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62812,62813,62816,62818,62820,62822,62825],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,62814,62815],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62817,89],{"class":61},[47,62819,53746],{"class":92},[47,62821,106],{"class":61},[47,62823,62824],{"class":92},"new_scores",[47,62826,216],{"class":61},[47,62828,62829],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,62830,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,62832,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,62834,103],{"class":102},[47,62836,106],{"class":61},[47,62838,62815],{"class":92},[47,62840,216],{"class":61},[47,62842,62843],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,62844,62845],{"class":114},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62847,62848,62849,62851,62852,89],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62850,52922],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[252,62853,55786,62854,11006],{"href":54178},[15,62855,54537],{},[33,62857,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,62859,2082,62861,2085],{"id":62860},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62862,53617],{},[20,62864,2088,62865,89],{},[15,62866,124],{},[1404,62868,2094,62870,1233,62872,2099],{"id":62869},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62871,53716],{},[15,62873,52922],{},[20,62875,62876,62878,62879,62881],{},[15,62877,53716],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62880,52922],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1404,62883,28593,62885,62887],{"id":62884},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62886,53716],{}," with a string?",[20,62889,62890],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1404,62892,28593,62894,62896],{"id":62893},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62895,53716],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62898,62899],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1404,62901,62903,62904,2099],{"id":62902},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62905,53716],{},[20,62907,62908,62909,62911],{},"You get a ",[15,62910,1574],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[33,62913,2187],{"id":2186},[138,62915,62916,62922,62926,62930,62934,62940,62944],{},[141,62917,62918],{},[252,62919,55786,62920,11006],{"href":57034},[15,62921,52922],{},[141,62923,62924],{},[252,62925,54547],{"href":53318},[141,62927,62928],{},[252,62929,57494],{"href":57419},[141,62931,62932],{},[252,62933,53041],{"href":254},[141,62935,62936],{},[252,62937,55786,62938,11006],{"href":54178},[15,62939,54537],{},[141,62941,62942],{},[252,62943,62553],{"href":52869},[141,62945,62946],{},[252,62947,55786,62948,11006],{"href":55227},[15,62949,13039],{},[20,62951,62952,62953,62955,62956,62958],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62954,52922],{},", when to use ",[15,62957,54537],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2210,62960,62961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":62963},[62964,62965,62967,62968,62969,62976,62983,62984,62992,62994,63006],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":61362,"depth":83,"text":62966},"What list.extend() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":61443,"depth":83,"text":61444},{"id":61580,"depth":83,"text":62970,"children":62971},"extend() vs append()",[62972,62974],{"id":61594,"depth":99,"text":62973},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61657,"depth":99,"text":62975},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61743,"depth":83,"text":62977,"children":62978},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62979,62980,62981,62982],{"id":61754,"depth":99,"text":61755},{"id":61818,"depth":99,"text":61819},{"id":61884,"depth":99,"text":61885},{"id":61958,"depth":99,"text":61959},{"id":62018,"depth":83,"text":62019},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":62985},[62986,62988,62990,62991],{"id":62230,"depth":99,"text":62987},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62303,"depth":99,"text":62989},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62375,"depth":99,"text":62376},{"id":62504,"depth":99,"text":62505},{"id":62747,"depth":83,"text":62993},"When to use extend()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":62995},[62996,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"id":62860,"depth":99,"text":62997},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62869,"depth":99,"text":62999},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62884,"depth":99,"text":63001},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62893,"depth":99,"text":63003},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62902,"depth":99,"text":63005},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61266,"description":63007},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63014,"title":63015,"body":63016,"description":65105,"extension":2248,"meta":65106,"navigation":203,"path":65107,"seo":65108,"stem":65109,"__hash__":65110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63017,"toc":65068},[63018,63021,63026,63032,63043,63049,63051,63120,63122,63171,63179,63183,63188,63191,63202,63207,63209,63211,63232,63245,63248,63261,63263,63268,63293,63295,63303,63306,63375,63377,63401,63407,63411,63415,63451,63453,63473,63480,63484,63517,63519,63552,63557,63561,63594,63596,63624,63632,63636,63673,63675,63696,63699,63703,63772,63774,63798,63804,63811,63815,63818,63820,63834,63837,63861,63863,63888,63891,63910,63912,63938,63947,63951,63958,64035,64037,64078,64084,64090,64181,64183,64239,64242,64247,64251,64256,64260,64319,64321,64346,64350,64413,64415,64440,64444,64507,64509,64552,64555,64559,64563,64584,64588,64670,64672,64707,64715,64717,64721,64725,64727,64754,64759,64761,64788,64795,64798,64821,64823,64872,64875,64878,64897,64901,64904,64955,64958,64964,64968,64973,64976,64978,64984,64993,64997,65003,65007,65010,65014,65017,65021,65027,65029,65065],[10,63019,63015],{"id":63020},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63022,9387,63023,63025],{},[15,63024,25045],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63027,63028,63029,63031],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63030,25045],{}," for two main reasons:",[138,63033,63034,63037],{},[141,63035,63036],{},"to make an empty list",[141,63038,63039,63040,63042],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63041,60264],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63044,63045,63046,63048],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63047,25045],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[33,63050,36],{"id":35},[38,63052,63054],{"className":40,"code":63053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63055,63056,63078,63096,63100,63110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63057,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63059,54],{"class":53},[47,63061,58],{"class":57},[47,63063,1644],{"class":882},[47,63065,5777],{"class":61},[47,63067,232],{"class":65},[47,63069,69],{"class":61},[47,63071,77],{"class":65},[47,63073,69],{"class":61},[47,63075,442],{"class":65},[47,63077,1978],{"class":61},[47,63079,63080,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63081,1639],{"class":53},[47,63083,58],{"class":57},[47,63085,1644],{"class":882},[47,63087,106],{"class":61},[47,63089,633],{"class":632},[47,63091,41826],{"class":636},[47,63093,633],{"class":632},[47,63095,216],{"class":61},[47,63097,63098],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,63099,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,63101,63102,63104,63106,63108],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,63103,103],{"class":102},[47,63105,106],{"class":61},[47,63107,86],{"class":92},[47,63109,216],{"class":61},[47,63111,63112,63114,63116,63118],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,63113,103],{"class":102},[47,63115,106],{"class":61},[47,63117,1659],{"class":92},[47,63119,216],{"class":61},[20,63121,219],{},[38,63123,63125],{"className":40,"code":63124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63126,63127,63143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63128,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63130,229],{"class":61},[47,63132,232],{"class":65},[47,63134,69],{"class":61},[47,63136,77],{"class":65},[47,63138,69],{"class":61},[47,63140,442],{"class":65},[47,63142,80],{"class":61},[47,63144,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63146,229],{"class":61},[47,63148,699],{"class":632},[47,63150,252],{"class":636},[47,63152,699],{"class":632},[47,63154,69],{"class":61},[47,63156,708],{"class":632},[47,63158,5026],{"class":636},[47,63160,699],{"class":632},[47,63162,69],{"class":61},[47,63164,708],{"class":632},[47,63166,10004],{"class":636},[47,63168,699],{"class":632},[47,63170,80],{"class":61},[20,63172,118,63173,63175,63176,63178],{},[15,63174,25045],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63177,60264],{},", set, or dictionary.",[33,63180,63182],{"id":63181},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63184,63185,63187],{},[15,63186,25045],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63189,63190],{},"It can:",[138,63192,63193,63196,63199],{},[141,63194,63195],{},"create a new list object",[141,63197,63198],{},"make an empty list",[141,63200,63201],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63203,63204,63205,89],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[252,63206,53041],{"href":254},[33,63208,259],{"id":258},[20,63210,26751],{},[38,63212,63214],{"className":40,"code":63213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63215,63216,63222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63217,63218,63220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63219,8358],{"class":882},[47,63221,96],{"class":61},[47,63223,63224,63226,63228,63230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63225,8358],{"class":882},[47,63227,106],{"class":61},[47,63229,3992],{"class":92},[47,63231,216],{"class":61},[138,63233,63234,63239],{},[141,63235,63236,63238],{},[15,63237,25045],{}," makes an empty list",[141,63240,63241,63244],{},[15,63242,63243],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63246,63247],{},"Common iterable values include:",[138,63249,63250,63252,63254,63256,63259],{},[141,63251,5575],{},[141,63253,5569],{},[141,63255,5572],{},[141,63257,63258],{},"ranges",[141,63260,7515],{},[33,63262,59886],{"id":59885},[20,63264,118,63265,63267],{},[15,63266,25045],{}," with no arguments:",[38,63269,63271],{"className":40,"code":63270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63272,63273,63283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63276,1536],{"class":53},[47,63278,58],{"class":57},[47,63280,1644],{"class":882},[47,63282,96],{"class":61},[47,63284,63285,63287,63289,63291],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63286,103],{"class":102},[47,63288,106],{"class":61},[47,63290,1562],{"class":92},[47,63292,216],{"class":61},[20,63294,219],{},[38,63296,63297],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63298,63299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63300,63301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63302,38562],{"class":61},[20,63304,63305],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,63307,63309],{"className":40,"code":63308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63310,63311,63321,63325,63343,63361,63365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63312,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63314,1536],{"class":53},[47,63316,58],{"class":57},[47,63318,1644],{"class":882},[47,63320,96],{"class":61},[47,63322,63323],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63324,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,63326,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,63328,1562],{"class":53},[47,63330,89],{"class":61},[47,63332,13817],{"class":92},[47,63334,106],{"class":61},[47,63336,633],{"class":632},[47,63338,647],{"class":636},[47,63340,633],{"class":632},[47,63342,216],{"class":61},[47,63344,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,63346,1562],{"class":53},[47,63348,89],{"class":61},[47,63350,13817],{"class":92},[47,63352,106],{"class":61},[47,63354,633],{"class":632},[47,63356,637],{"class":636},[47,63358,633],{"class":632},[47,63360,216],{"class":61},[47,63362,63363],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,63364,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,63368,103],{"class":102},[47,63370,106],{"class":61},[47,63372,1562],{"class":92},[47,63374,216],{"class":61},[20,63376,219],{},[38,63378,63379],{"className":40,"code":38687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63380,63381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63382,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63384,229],{"class":61},[47,63386,699],{"class":632},[47,63388,647],{"class":636},[47,63390,699],{"class":632},[47,63392,69],{"class":61},[47,63394,708],{"class":632},[47,63396,637],{"class":636},[47,63398,699],{"class":632},[47,63400,80],{"class":61},[20,63402,63403,63404,63406],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63405,4059],{},". Both are valid.",[33,63408,63410],{"id":63409},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1404,63412,63414],{"id":63413},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,63416,63417],{"className":40,"code":60184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63418,63419,63441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63420,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63422,54],{"class":53},[47,63424,58],{"class":57},[47,63426,1644],{"class":882},[47,63428,5777],{"class":61},[47,63430,232],{"class":65},[47,63432,69],{"class":61},[47,63434,77],{"class":65},[47,63436,69],{"class":61},[47,63438,442],{"class":65},[47,63440,1978],{"class":61},[47,63442,63443,63445,63447,63449],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63444,103],{"class":102},[47,63446,106],{"class":61},[47,63448,86],{"class":92},[47,63450,216],{"class":61},[20,63452,219],{},[38,63454,63455],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63456,63457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63458,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63460,229],{"class":61},[47,63462,232],{"class":65},[47,63464,69],{"class":61},[47,63466,77],{"class":65},[47,63468,69],{"class":61},[47,63470,442],{"class":65},[47,63472,80],{"class":61},[20,63474,63475,63476,89],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[252,63477,63479],{"href":63478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1404,63481,63483],{"id":63482},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,63485,63487],{"className":40,"code":63486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63488,63489,63507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63490,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63492,1639],{"class":53},[47,63494,58],{"class":57},[47,63496,1644],{"class":882},[47,63498,106],{"class":61},[47,63500,633],{"class":632},[47,63502,37311],{"class":636},[47,63504,633],{"class":632},[47,63506,216],{"class":61},[47,63508,63509,63511,63513,63515],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63510,103],{"class":102},[47,63512,106],{"class":61},[47,63514,1659],{"class":92},[47,63516,216],{"class":61},[20,63518,219],{},[38,63520,63522],{"className":40,"code":63521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63523,63524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63527,229],{"class":61},[47,63529,699],{"class":632},[47,63531,10004],{"class":636},[47,63533,699],{"class":632},[47,63535,69],{"class":61},[47,63537,708],{"class":632},[47,63539,252],{"class":636},[47,63541,699],{"class":632},[47,63543,69],{"class":61},[47,63545,708],{"class":632},[47,63547,1730],{"class":636},[47,63549,699],{"class":632},[47,63551,80],{"class":61},[20,63553,63554,63556],{},[15,63555,25045],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1404,63558,63560],{"id":63559},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,63562,63564],{"className":40,"code":63563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63565,63566,63584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63567,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63569,54],{"class":53},[47,63571,58],{"class":57},[47,63573,1644],{"class":882},[47,63575,106],{"class":61},[47,63577,60264],{"class":102},[47,63579,106],{"class":61},[47,63581,173],{"class":65},[47,63583,1978],{"class":61},[47,63585,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63587,103],{"class":102},[47,63589,106],{"class":61},[47,63591,86],{"class":92},[47,63593,216],{"class":61},[20,63595,219],{},[38,63597,63598],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63599,63600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63603,229],{"class":61},[47,63605,2403],{"class":65},[47,63607,69],{"class":61},[47,63609,72],{"class":65},[47,63611,69],{"class":61},[47,63613,77],{"class":65},[47,63615,69],{"class":61},[47,63617,442],{"class":65},[47,63619,69],{"class":61},[47,63621,402],{"class":65},[47,63623,80],{"class":61},[20,63625,63626,63627,63631],{},"This is common when working with ",[252,63628,63629],{"href":36460},[15,63630,36463],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1404,63633,63635],{"id":63634},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,63637,63639],{"className":40,"code":63638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63640,63641,63663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63642,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63644,4095],{"class":53},[47,63646,58],{"class":57},[47,63648,1644],{"class":882},[47,63650,5796],{"class":61},[47,63652,437],{"class":65},[47,63654,69],{"class":61},[47,63656,8054],{"class":65},[47,63658,69],{"class":61},[47,63660,8059],{"class":65},[47,63662,30762],{"class":61},[47,63664,63665,63667,63669,63671],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63666,103],{"class":102},[47,63668,106],{"class":61},[47,63670,5625],{"class":92},[47,63672,216],{"class":61},[20,63674,17223],{},[38,63676,63678],{"className":40,"code":63677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63679,63680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63681,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63683,229],{"class":61},[47,63685,437],{"class":65},[47,63687,69],{"class":61},[47,63689,8054],{"class":65},[47,63691,69],{"class":61},[47,63693,8059],{"class":65},[47,63695,80],{"class":61},[20,63697,63698],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1404,63700,63702],{"id":63701},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,63704,63706],{"className":40,"code":63705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63707,63708,63744,63758,63762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63709,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63711,13468],{"class":53},[47,63713,58],{"class":57},[47,63715,10756],{"class":61},[47,63717,633],{"class":632},[47,63719,7932],{"class":636},[47,63721,633],{"class":632},[47,63723,136],{"class":61},[47,63725,644],{"class":632},[47,63727,13143],{"class":636},[47,63729,633],{"class":632},[47,63731,69],{"class":61},[47,63733,644],{"class":632},[47,63735,9563],{"class":636},[47,63737,633],{"class":632},[47,63739,136],{"class":61},[47,63741,9570],{"class":65},[47,63743,9573],{"class":61},[47,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63747,1442],{"class":53},[47,63749,58],{"class":57},[47,63751,1644],{"class":882},[47,63753,106],{"class":61},[47,63755,17572],{"class":92},[47,63757,216],{"class":61},[47,63759,63760],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,63761,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,63763,63764,63766,63768,63770],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,63765,103],{"class":102},[47,63767,106],{"class":61},[47,63769,1466],{"class":92},[47,63771,216],{"class":61},[20,63773,219],{},[38,63775,63776],{"className":40,"code":25745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63777,63778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63781,229],{"class":61},[47,63783,699],{"class":632},[47,63785,7932],{"class":636},[47,63787,699],{"class":632},[47,63789,69],{"class":61},[47,63791,708],{"class":632},[47,63793,9563],{"class":636},[47,63795,699],{"class":632},[47,63797,80],{"class":61},[20,63799,63800,63801,63803],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63802,25045],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63805,63806,63807,89],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[252,63808,63810],{"href":63809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[33,63812,63814],{"id":63813},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63816,63817],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63819,61417],{},[138,63821,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832],{},[141,63823,5566],{},[141,63825,5569],{},[141,63827,5575],{},[141,63829,5572],{},[141,63831,63258],{},[141,63833,7515],{},[20,63835,63836],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,63838,63840],{"className":40,"code":63839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63841,63842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63843,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63857,63859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63845,103],{"class":102},[47,63847,106],{"class":61},[47,63849,8358],{"class":882},[47,63851,106],{"class":61},[47,63853,633],{"class":632},[47,63855,63856],{"class":636},"hi",[47,63858,633],{"class":632},[47,63860,1978],{"class":61},[20,63862,219],{},[38,63864,63866],{"className":40,"code":63865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63867,63868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63869,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63871,229],{"class":61},[47,63873,699],{"class":632},[47,63875,1695],{"class":636},[47,63877,699],{"class":632},[47,63879,69],{"class":61},[47,63881,708],{"class":632},[47,63883,36419],{"class":636},[47,63885,699],{"class":632},[47,63887,80],{"class":61},[20,63889,63890],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,63892,63894],{"className":40,"code":63893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63895,63896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63897,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63899,103],{"class":102},[47,63901,106],{"class":61},[47,63903,8358],{"class":882},[47,63905,106],{"class":61},[47,63907,173],{"class":65},[47,63909,1978],{"class":61},[20,63911,219],{},[38,63913,63915],{"className":40,"code":63914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63916,63917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63918,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63920,1574],{"class":882},[47,63922,136],{"class":61},[47,63924,708],{"class":632},[47,63926,2471],{"class":636},[47,63928,699],{"class":632},[47,63930,24882],{"class":882},[47,63932,8361],{"class":57},[47,63934,8364],{"class":57},[47,63936,63937],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,63939,63940,63941,63943,63944,89],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[252,63942,5402],{"href":5853},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[252,63945,63946],{"href":52869},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,63948,63950],{"id":63949},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63952,63953,63954,63957],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63955,63956],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,63959,63961],{"className":40,"code":63960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63962,63963,63983,63997,64001,64011,64021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63964,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63966,12349],{"class":53},[47,63968,58],{"class":57},[47,63970,62],{"class":61},[47,63972,232],{"class":65},[47,63974,69],{"class":61},[47,63976,77],{"class":65},[47,63978,69],{"class":61},[47,63980,442],{"class":65},[47,63982,80],{"class":61},[47,63984,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,63986,14576],{"class":53},[47,63988,58],{"class":57},[47,63990,1644],{"class":882},[47,63992,106],{"class":61},[47,63994,12396],{"class":92},[47,63996,216],{"class":61},[47,63998,63999],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,64000,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,64002,64003,64005,64007,64009],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,64004,103],{"class":102},[47,64006,106],{"class":61},[47,64008,12396],{"class":92},[47,64010,216],{"class":61},[47,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,64014,103],{"class":102},[47,64016,106],{"class":61},[47,64018,14595],{"class":92},[47,64020,216],{"class":61},[47,64022,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,64024,103],{"class":102},[47,64026,106],{"class":61},[47,64028,12349],{"class":92},[47,64030,12457],{"class":2027},[47,64032,14649],{"class":92},[47,64034,216],{"class":61},[20,64036,219],{},[38,64038,64040],{"className":40,"code":64039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64041,64042,64058,64074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64043,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64045,229],{"class":61},[47,64047,232],{"class":65},[47,64049,69],{"class":61},[47,64051,77],{"class":65},[47,64053,69],{"class":61},[47,64055,442],{"class":65},[47,64057,80],{"class":61},[47,64059,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64061,229],{"class":61},[47,64063,232],{"class":65},[47,64065,69],{"class":61},[47,64067,77],{"class":65},[47,64069,69],{"class":61},[47,64071,442],{"class":65},[47,64073,80],{"class":61},[47,64075,64076],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,64077,4310],{"class":284},[20,64079,64080,64081,64083],{},"This means ",[15,64082,14595],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64085,64086,64087,64089],{},"However, this is only a ",[4015,64088,13113],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,64091,64093],{"className":40,"code":64092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64094,64095,64121,64135,64139,64157,64161,64171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64096,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64098,12349],{"class":53},[47,64100,58],{"class":57},[47,64102,56559],{"class":61},[47,64104,232],{"class":65},[47,64106,69],{"class":61},[47,64108,77],{"class":65},[47,64110,18327],{"class":61},[47,64112,62],{"class":61},[47,64114,66],{"class":65},[47,64116,69],{"class":61},[47,64118,402],{"class":65},[47,64120,53512],{"class":61},[47,64122,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64124,14576],{"class":53},[47,64126,58],{"class":57},[47,64128,1644],{"class":882},[47,64130,106],{"class":61},[47,64132,12396],{"class":92},[47,64134,216],{"class":61},[47,64136,64137],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,64138,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,64140,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,64142,14595],{"class":53},[47,64144,229],{"class":61},[47,64146,2403],{"class":65},[47,64148,13814],{"class":61},[47,64150,13817],{"class":92},[47,64152,106],{"class":61},[47,64154,56612],{"class":65},[47,64156,216],{"class":61},[47,64158,64159],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,64160,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,64162,64163,64165,64167,64169],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,64164,103],{"class":102},[47,64166,106],{"class":61},[47,64168,12396],{"class":92},[47,64170,216],{"class":61},[47,64172,64173,64175,64177,64179],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,64174,103],{"class":102},[47,64176,106],{"class":61},[47,64178,14595],{"class":92},[47,64180,216],{"class":61},[20,64182,219],{},[38,64184,64185],{"className":40,"code":56643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64186,64187,64213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64188,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64190,56650],{"class":61},[47,64192,232],{"class":65},[47,64194,69],{"class":61},[47,64196,77],{"class":65},[47,64198,69],{"class":61},[47,64200,10462],{"class":65},[47,64202,18327],{"class":61},[47,64204,62],{"class":61},[47,64206,66],{"class":65},[47,64208,69],{"class":61},[47,64210,402],{"class":65},[47,64212,53512],{"class":61},[47,64214,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64216,56650],{"class":61},[47,64218,232],{"class":65},[47,64220,69],{"class":61},[47,64222,77],{"class":65},[47,64224,69],{"class":61},[47,64226,10462],{"class":65},[47,64228,18327],{"class":61},[47,64230,62],{"class":61},[47,64232,66],{"class":65},[47,64234,69],{"class":61},[47,64236,402],{"class":65},[47,64238,53512],{"class":61},[20,64240,64241],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64243,64244,64245,89],{},"For more on this, see ",[252,64246,14055],{"href":14054},[33,64248,64250],{"id":64249},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64252,64253,64254,89],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64255,25045],{},[1404,64257,64259],{"id":64258},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,64261,64263],{"className":40,"code":64262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64264,64265,64305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64268,13126],{"class":53},[47,64270,58],{"class":57},[47,64272,10756],{"class":61},[47,64274,633],{"class":632},[47,64276,7932],{"class":636},[47,64278,633],{"class":632},[47,64280,136],{"class":61},[47,64282,644],{"class":632},[47,64284,8185],{"class":636},[47,64286,633],{"class":632},[47,64288,69],{"class":61},[47,64290,644],{"class":632},[47,64292,20156],{"class":636},[47,64294,633],{"class":632},[47,64296,136],{"class":61},[47,64298,644],{"class":632},[47,64300,22511],{"class":636},[47,64302,633],{"class":632},[47,64304,9573],{"class":61},[47,64306,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64308,103],{"class":102},[47,64310,106],{"class":61},[47,64312,8358],{"class":882},[47,64314,106],{"class":61},[47,64316,13890],{"class":92},[47,64318,1978],{"class":61},[20,64320,219],{},[38,64322,64324],{"className":40,"code":64323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64325,64326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64327,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64329,229],{"class":61},[47,64331,699],{"class":632},[47,64333,7932],{"class":636},[47,64335,699],{"class":632},[47,64337,69],{"class":61},[47,64339,708],{"class":632},[47,64341,20156],{"class":636},[47,64343,699],{"class":632},[47,64345,80],{"class":61},[1404,64347,64349],{"id":64348},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,64351,64353],{"className":40,"code":64352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64354,64355,64395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64356,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64358,13126],{"class":53},[47,64360,58],{"class":57},[47,64362,10756],{"class":61},[47,64364,633],{"class":632},[47,64366,7932],{"class":636},[47,64368,633],{"class":632},[47,64370,136],{"class":61},[47,64372,644],{"class":632},[47,64374,8185],{"class":636},[47,64376,633],{"class":632},[47,64378,69],{"class":61},[47,64380,644],{"class":632},[47,64382,20156],{"class":636},[47,64384,633],{"class":632},[47,64386,136],{"class":61},[47,64388,644],{"class":632},[47,64390,22511],{"class":636},[47,64392,633],{"class":632},[47,64394,9573],{"class":61},[47,64396,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64398,103],{"class":102},[47,64400,106],{"class":61},[47,64402,8358],{"class":882},[47,64404,106],{"class":61},[47,64406,13890],{"class":92},[47,64408,89],{"class":61},[47,64410,5625],{"class":92},[47,64412,6554],{"class":61},[20,64414,219],{},[38,64416,64418],{"className":40,"code":64417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64419,64420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64421,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64423,229],{"class":61},[47,64425,699],{"class":632},[47,64427,8185],{"class":636},[47,64429,699],{"class":632},[47,64431,69],{"class":61},[47,64433,708],{"class":632},[47,64435,22511],{"class":636},[47,64437,699],{"class":632},[47,64439,80],{"class":61},[1404,64441,64443],{"id":64442},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,64445,64447],{"className":40,"code":64446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64448,64449,64489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64450,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64452,13126],{"class":53},[47,64454,58],{"class":57},[47,64456,10756],{"class":61},[47,64458,633],{"class":632},[47,64460,7932],{"class":636},[47,64462,633],{"class":632},[47,64464,136],{"class":61},[47,64466,644],{"class":632},[47,64468,8185],{"class":636},[47,64470,633],{"class":632},[47,64472,69],{"class":61},[47,64474,644],{"class":632},[47,64476,20156],{"class":636},[47,64478,633],{"class":632},[47,64480,136],{"class":61},[47,64482,644],{"class":632},[47,64484,22511],{"class":636},[47,64486,633],{"class":632},[47,64488,9573],{"class":61},[47,64490,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64492,103],{"class":102},[47,64494,106],{"class":61},[47,64496,8358],{"class":882},[47,64498,106],{"class":61},[47,64500,13890],{"class":92},[47,64502,89],{"class":61},[47,64504,1562],{"class":92},[47,64506,6554],{"class":61},[20,64508,219],{},[38,64510,64512],{"className":40,"code":64511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64513,64514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64515,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64517,22006],{"class":61},[47,64519,699],{"class":632},[47,64521,7932],{"class":636},[47,64523,699],{"class":632},[47,64525,69],{"class":61},[47,64527,708],{"class":632},[47,64529,8185],{"class":636},[47,64531,699],{"class":632},[47,64533,9497],{"class":61},[47,64535,9500],{"class":61},[47,64537,699],{"class":632},[47,64539,20156],{"class":636},[47,64541,699],{"class":632},[47,64543,69],{"class":61},[47,64545,708],{"class":632},[47,64547,22511],{"class":636},[47,64549,699],{"class":632},[47,64551,9513],{"class":61},[20,64553,64554],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[33,64556,64558],{"id":64557},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64560,118,64561,10866],{},[15,64562,25045],{},[138,64564,64565,64572,64581],{},[141,64566,64567,64568,3158,64570],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64569,52922],{},[15,64571,17],{},[141,64573,64574,64575,3158,64577,64580],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64576,36463],{},[15,64578,64579],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[141,64582,64583],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64585,46308,64586,136],{},[15,64587,64579],{},[38,64589,64591],{"className":40,"code":64590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64592,64593,64617,64633,64637,64660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64594,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64596,5261],{"class":53},[47,64598,58],{"class":57},[47,64600,62],{"class":61},[47,64602,633],{"class":632},[47,64604,13143],{"class":636},[47,64606,633],{"class":632},[47,64608,69],{"class":61},[47,64610,644],{"class":632},[47,64612,36207],{"class":636},[47,64614,633],{"class":632},[47,64616,80],{"class":61},[47,64618,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64620,5329],{"class":53},[47,64622,58],{"class":57},[47,64624,62],{"class":61},[47,64626,13766],{"class":65},[47,64628,69],{"class":61},[47,64630,13771],{"class":65},[47,64632,80],{"class":61},[47,64634,64635],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,64636,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,64638,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,64640,9479],{"class":53},[47,64642,58],{"class":57},[47,64644,1644],{"class":882},[47,64646,106],{"class":61},[47,64648,64649],{"class":102},"zip",[47,64651,106],{"class":61},[47,64653,5304],{"class":92},[47,64655,69],{"class":61},[47,64657,5376],{"class":92},[47,64659,1978],{"class":61},[47,64661,64662,64664,64666,64668],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,64663,103],{"class":102},[47,64665,106],{"class":61},[47,64667,9526],{"class":92},[47,64669,216],{"class":61},[20,64671,219],{},[38,64673,64675],{"className":40,"code":64674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64676,64677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64678,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64680,22006],{"class":61},[47,64682,699],{"class":632},[47,64684,13143],{"class":636},[47,64686,699],{"class":632},[47,64688,69],{"class":61},[47,64690,20163],{"class":65},[47,64692,9497],{"class":61},[47,64694,9500],{"class":61},[47,64696,699],{"class":632},[47,64698,36207],{"class":636},[47,64700,699],{"class":632},[47,64702,69],{"class":61},[47,64704,13771],{"class":65},[47,64706,9513],{"class":61},[20,64708,64709,64710,64712,64713,89],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64711,52922],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[252,64714,53319],{"href":53318},[33,64716,4784],{"id":4783},[20,64718,57041,64719,89],{},[15,64720,25045],{},[1404,64722,64724],{"id":64723},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64726,4791],{},[38,64728,64730],{"className":40,"code":64729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64731,64732,64736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64733,64734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64735,4801],{"class":114},[47,64737,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64739,8358],{"class":882},[47,64741,106],{"class":61},[47,64743,232],{"class":65},[47,64745,69],{"class":61},[47,64747,77],{"class":65},[47,64749,69],{"class":61},[47,64751,442],{"class":65},[47,64753,216],{"class":61},[20,64755,64756,64758],{},[15,64757,25045],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64760,2114],{},[38,64762,64764],{"className":40,"code":64763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64765,64766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64767,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64769,103],{"class":102},[47,64771,106],{"class":61},[47,64773,8358],{"class":882},[47,64775,5777],{"class":61},[47,64777,232],{"class":65},[47,64779,69],{"class":61},[47,64781,77],{"class":65},[47,64783,69],{"class":61},[47,64785,442],{"class":65},[47,64787,3192],{"class":61},[1404,64789,64791,64792],{"id":64790},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64793,64794],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64796,64797],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,64799,64801],{"className":40,"code":64800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64802,64803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64804,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64806,103],{"class":102},[47,64808,106],{"class":61},[47,64810,8358],{"class":882},[47,64812,106],{"class":61},[47,64814,633],{"class":632},[47,64816,4118],{"class":636},[47,64818,633],{"class":632},[47,64820,1978],{"class":61},[20,64822,219],{},[38,64824,64826],{"className":40,"code":64825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64827,64828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64829,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64831,229],{"class":61},[47,64833,699],{"class":632},[47,64835,1695],{"class":636},[47,64837,699],{"class":632},[47,64839,69],{"class":61},[47,64841,708],{"class":632},[47,64843,60712],{"class":636},[47,64845,699],{"class":632},[47,64847,69],{"class":61},[47,64849,708],{"class":632},[47,64851,60721],{"class":636},[47,64853,699],{"class":632},[47,64855,69],{"class":61},[47,64857,708],{"class":632},[47,64859,60721],{"class":636},[47,64861,699],{"class":632},[47,64863,69],{"class":61},[47,64865,708],{"class":632},[47,64867,1713],{"class":636},[47,64869,699],{"class":632},[47,64871,80],{"class":61},[20,64873,64874],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64876,64877],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,64879,64881],{"className":40,"code":64880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64882,64883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64884,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64886,103],{"class":102},[47,64888,2015],{"class":61},[47,64890,633],{"class":632},[47,64892,4118],{"class":636},[47,64894,633],{"class":632},[47,64896,2040],{"class":61},[1404,64898,64900],{"id":64899},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64902,64903],{},"This:",[38,64905,64907],{"className":40,"code":64906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64908,64909,64941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64910,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64912,9430],{"class":53},[47,64914,58],{"class":57},[47,64916,10756],{"class":61},[47,64918,633],{"class":632},[47,64920,252],{"class":636},[47,64922,633],{"class":632},[47,64924,136],{"class":61},[47,64926,72],{"class":65},[47,64928,69],{"class":61},[47,64930,644],{"class":632},[47,64932,5026],{"class":636},[47,64934,633],{"class":632},[47,64936,136],{"class":61},[47,64938,77],{"class":65},[47,64940,9573],{"class":61},[47,64942,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,64944,103],{"class":102},[47,64946,106],{"class":61},[47,64948,8358],{"class":882},[47,64950,106],{"class":61},[47,64952,9468],{"class":92},[47,64954,1978],{"class":61},[20,64956,64957],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64959,118,64960,64963],{},[15,64961,64962],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1404,64965,64967],{"id":64966},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64969,64970,64972],{},[15,64971,25045],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64974,64975],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[33,64977,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,64979,2094,64981,64983],{"id":64980},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64982],{}," and list()?",[20,64985,64986,64987,64989,64990,64992],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64988,4059],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64991,25045],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1404,64994,64996],{"id":64995},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64998,64999,65000,65002],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65001,25045],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1404,65004,65006],{"id":65005},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65008,65009],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1404,65011,65013],{"id":65012},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65015,65016],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1404,65018,65020],{"id":65019},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65022,65023,65024,65026],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65025,25045],{}," cannot loop through it.",[33,65028,2187],{"id":2186},[138,65030,65031,65035,65040,65044,65048,65052,65056,65061],{},[141,65032,65033],{},[252,65034,53041],{"href":254},[141,65036,65037],{},[252,65038,65039],{"href":36460},"Python range() function explained",[141,65041,65042],{},[252,65043,63479],{"href":63478},[141,65045,65046],{},[252,65047,63810],{"href":63809},[141,65049,65050],{},[252,65051,5482],{"href":5853},[141,65053,65054],{},[252,65055,14055],{"href":14054},[141,65057,65058],{},[252,65059,65060],{"href":52869},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[141,65062,65063],{},[252,65064,54547],{"href":53318},[2210,65066,65067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":65069},[65070,65071,65072,65073,65074,65081,65082,65083,65088,65089,65096,65104],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":63181,"depth":83,"text":63182},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":59885,"depth":83,"text":59886},{"id":63409,"depth":83,"text":63410,"children":65075},[65076,65077,65078,65079,65080],{"id":63413,"depth":99,"text":63414},{"id":63482,"depth":99,"text":63483},{"id":63559,"depth":99,"text":63560},{"id":63634,"depth":99,"text":63635},{"id":63701,"depth":99,"text":63702},{"id":63813,"depth":83,"text":63814},{"id":63949,"depth":83,"text":63950},{"id":64249,"depth":83,"text":64250,"children":65084},[65085,65086,65087],{"id":64258,"depth":99,"text":64259},{"id":64348,"depth":99,"text":64349},{"id":64442,"depth":99,"text":64443},{"id":64557,"depth":83,"text":64558},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":65090},[65091,65092,65094,65095],{"id":64723,"depth":99,"text":64724},{"id":64790,"depth":99,"text":65093},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64899,"depth":99,"text":64900},{"id":64966,"depth":99,"text":64967},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":65097},[65098,65100,65101,65102,65103],{"id":64980,"depth":99,"text":65099},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64995,"depth":99,"text":64996},{"id":65005,"depth":99,"text":65006},{"id":65012,"depth":99,"text":65013},{"id":65019,"depth":99,"text":65020},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63015,"description":65105},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65112,"title":65113,"body":65114,"description":66465,"extension":2248,"meta":66466,"navigation":203,"path":66467,"seo":66468,"stem":66469,"__hash__":66470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65115,"toc":66439},[65116,65121,65127,65136,65138,65211,65220,65225,65229,65245,65249,65251,65253,65272,65275,65303,65306,65331,65339,65341,65346,65353,65355,65412,65414,65422,65428,65432,65435,65508,65510,65518,65521,65544,65551,65557,65561,65567,65638,65640,65648,65657,65664,65671,65679,65823,65825,65842,65845,65884,65887,65891,65896,65898,65957,65963,65966,66073,66075,66090,66093,66100,66102,66106,66254,66257,66318,66321,66324,66345,66350,66354,66365,66368,66370,66375,66378,66386,66391,66397,66400,66406,66414,66416,66436],[10,65117,13,65119,18],{"id":65118},"python-list-index-method",[15,65120,59233],{},[20,65122,65123,65126],{},[15,65124,65125],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65128,65129,65130,65133,65134,89],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[4015,65131,65132],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65135,40969],{},[33,65137,3884],{"id":3883},[38,65139,65141],{"className":40,"code":65140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65142,65143,65175,65198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65144,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65146,1536],{"class":53},[47,65148,58],{"class":57},[47,65150,62],{"class":61},[47,65152,633],{"class":632},[47,65154,647],{"class":636},[47,65156,633],{"class":632},[47,65158,69],{"class":61},[47,65160,644],{"class":632},[47,65162,637],{"class":636},[47,65164,633],{"class":632},[47,65166,69],{"class":61},[47,65168,644],{"class":632},[47,65170,656],{"class":636},[47,65172,633],{"class":632},[47,65174,80],{"class":61},[47,65176,65177,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65178,65179],{"class":53},"position ",[47,65181,58],{"class":57},[47,65183,6231],{"class":53},[47,65185,89],{"class":61},[47,65187,36112],{"class":92},[47,65189,106],{"class":61},[47,65191,633],{"class":632},[47,65193,637],{"class":636},[47,65195,633],{"class":632},[47,65197,216],{"class":61},[47,65199,65200,65202,65204,65207,65209],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65201,103],{"class":102},[47,65203,106],{"class":61},[47,65205,65206],{"class":92},"position",[47,65208,111],{"class":61},[47,65210,28044],{"class":114},[20,65212,118,65213,65216,65217,65219],{},[15,65214,65215],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65218,40969],{}," if the item is not found.",[33,65221,128,65223,131],{"id":65222},"what-listindex-does",[15,65224,65125],{},[20,65226,65227,136],{},[15,65228,65125],{},[138,65230,65231,65234,65237,65242],{},[141,65232,65233],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[141,65235,65236],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[141,65238,65239,65240],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65241,2403],{},[141,65243,65244],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65246,54835,65247,89],{},[252,65248,53041],{"href":54838},[33,65250,259],{"id":258},[20,65252,30991],{},[38,65254,65256],{"className":40,"code":65255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65257,65258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65259,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65261,269],{"class":53},[47,65263,89],{"class":61},[47,65265,36112],{"class":92},[47,65267,106],{"class":61},[47,65269,2753],{"class":92},[47,65271,216],{"class":61},[20,65273,65274],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,65276,65278],{"className":40,"code":65277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65279,65280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65281,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65283,269],{"class":53},[47,65285,89],{"class":61},[47,65287,36112],{"class":92},[47,65289,106],{"class":61},[47,65291,2753],{"class":92},[47,65293,69],{"class":61},[47,65295,36318],{"class":92},[47,65297,69],{"class":61},[47,65299,65300],{"class":92}," end",[47,65302,216],{"class":61},[20,65304,65305],{},"Here is what each part means:",[138,65307,65308,65313,65318,65323],{},[141,65309,65310,65312],{},[15,65311,2753],{},": the item to search for",[141,65314,65315,65317],{},[15,65316,36339],{},": where the search begins",[141,65319,65320,65322],{},[15,65321,52930],{},": where the search stops",[141,65324,65325,5049,65327,65330],{},[15,65326,52930],{},[4015,65328,65329],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65332,65333,65334,65336,65337,89],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65335,36339],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65338,52930],{},[33,65340,38285],{"id":38284},[20,65342,65343,65345],{},[15,65344,65125],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65347,65348,65349,65352],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[4015,65350,65351],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65354,318],{},[38,65356,65358],{"className":40,"code":65357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65359,65360,65380,65398,65402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65361,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65363,54],{"class":53},[47,65365,58],{"class":57},[47,65367,62],{"class":61},[47,65369,437],{"class":65},[47,65371,69],{"class":61},[47,65373,8054],{"class":65},[47,65375,69],{"class":61},[47,65377,8059],{"class":65},[47,65379,80],{"class":61},[47,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65383,1442],{"class":53},[47,65385,58],{"class":57},[47,65387,1447],{"class":53},[47,65389,89],{"class":61},[47,65391,36112],{"class":92},[47,65393,106],{"class":61},[47,65395,16019],{"class":65},[47,65397,216],{"class":61},[47,65399,65400],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65401,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,65403,65404,65406,65408,65410],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,65405,103],{"class":102},[47,65407,106],{"class":61},[47,65409,1466],{"class":92},[47,65411,216],{"class":61},[20,65413,219],{},[38,65415,65416],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65417,65418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65419,65420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65421,47185],{"class":65},[20,65423,65424,65425,65427],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65426,59233],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[33,65429,65431],{"id":65430},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65433,65434],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,65436,65438],{"className":40,"code":65437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65439,65440,65472,65494,65498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65441,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65443,36504],{"class":53},[47,65445,58],{"class":57},[47,65447,62],{"class":61},[47,65449,633],{"class":632},[47,65451,647],{"class":636},[47,65453,633],{"class":632},[47,65455,69],{"class":61},[47,65457,644],{"class":632},[47,65459,637],{"class":636},[47,65461,633],{"class":632},[47,65463,69],{"class":61},[47,65465,644],{"class":632},[47,65467,656],{"class":636},[47,65469,633],{"class":632},[47,65471,80],{"class":61},[47,65473,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65475,65179],{"class":53},[47,65477,58],{"class":57},[47,65479,53121],{"class":53},[47,65481,89],{"class":61},[47,65483,36112],{"class":92},[47,65485,106],{"class":61},[47,65487,633],{"class":632},[47,65489,656],{"class":636},[47,65491,633],{"class":632},[47,65493,216],{"class":61},[47,65495,65496],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65497,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,65499,65500,65502,65504,65506],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,65501,103],{"class":102},[47,65503,106],{"class":61},[47,65505,65206],{"class":92},[47,65507,216],{"class":61},[20,65509,219],{},[38,65511,65512],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65513,65514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65515,65516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65517,17321],{"class":65},[20,65519,65520],{},"In this list:",[138,65522,65523,65530,65537],{},[141,65524,65525,65527,65528],{},[15,65526,58098],{}," is at index ",[15,65529,2403],{},[141,65531,65532,65527,65535],{},[15,65533,65534],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65536,232],{},[141,65538,65539,65527,65542],{},[15,65540,65541],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65543,2340],{},[20,65545,53923,65546,2057,65549,89],{},[15,65547,65548],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65550,2340],{},[20,65552,51812,65553,89],{},[252,65554,65556],{"href":65555},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[33,65558,65560],{"id":65559},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65562,65563,65564,65566],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65565,59233],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,65568,65570],{"className":40,"code":65569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65571,65572,65612,65616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65573,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65575,13339],{"class":53},[47,65577,58],{"class":57},[47,65579,62],{"class":61},[47,65581,633],{"class":632},[47,65583,13356],{"class":636},[47,65585,633],{"class":632},[47,65587,69],{"class":61},[47,65589,644],{"class":632},[47,65591,13373],{"class":636},[47,65593,633],{"class":632},[47,65595,69],{"class":61},[47,65597,644],{"class":632},[47,65599,13356],{"class":636},[47,65601,633],{"class":632},[47,65603,69],{"class":61},[47,65605,644],{"class":632},[47,65607,17721],{"class":636},[47,65609,633],{"class":632},[47,65611,80],{"class":61},[47,65613,65614],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65615,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,65617,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65619,103],{"class":102},[47,65621,106],{"class":61},[47,65623,17768],{"class":92},[47,65625,89],{"class":61},[47,65627,36112],{"class":92},[47,65629,106],{"class":61},[47,65631,633],{"class":632},[47,65633,13356],{"class":636},[47,65635,633],{"class":632},[47,65637,1978],{"class":61},[20,65639,219],{},[38,65641,65642],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65643,65644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65645,65646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65647,47520],{"class":65},[20,65649,21243,65650,65653,65654,65656],{},[15,65651,65652],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65655,2403],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65658,65659,65660,89],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[252,65661,55786,65662,11006],{"href":59292},[15,65663,57556],{},[33,65665,8681,65667,1233,65669],{"id":65666},"using-start-and-end",[15,65668,36339],{},[15,65670,52930],{},[20,65672,65673,65674,1233,65676,65678],{},"The optional ",[15,65675,36339],{},[15,65677,52930],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,65680,65682],{"className":40,"code":65681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65683,65684,65732,65736,65761,65790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65685,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65687,1639],{"class":53},[47,65689,58],{"class":57},[47,65691,62],{"class":61},[47,65693,633],{"class":632},[47,65695,252],{"class":636},[47,65697,633],{"class":632},[47,65699,69],{"class":61},[47,65701,644],{"class":632},[47,65703,5026],{"class":636},[47,65705,633],{"class":632},[47,65707,69],{"class":61},[47,65709,644],{"class":632},[47,65711,10004],{"class":636},[47,65713,633],{"class":632},[47,65715,69],{"class":61},[47,65717,644],{"class":632},[47,65719,5026],{"class":636},[47,65721,633],{"class":632},[47,65723,69],{"class":61},[47,65725,644],{"class":632},[47,65727,19032],{"class":636},[47,65729,633],{"class":632},[47,65731,80],{"class":61},[47,65733,65734],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65735,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,65737,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65739,103],{"class":102},[47,65741,106],{"class":61},[47,65743,1659],{"class":92},[47,65745,89],{"class":61},[47,65747,36112],{"class":92},[47,65749,106],{"class":61},[47,65751,633],{"class":632},[47,65753,5026],{"class":636},[47,65755,633],{"class":632},[47,65757,5628],{"class":61},[47,65759,65760],{"class":114},"        # first match\n",[47,65762,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,65764,103],{"class":102},[47,65766,106],{"class":61},[47,65768,1659],{"class":92},[47,65770,89],{"class":61},[47,65772,36112],{"class":92},[47,65774,106],{"class":61},[47,65776,633],{"class":632},[47,65778,5026],{"class":636},[47,65780,633],{"class":632},[47,65782,69],{"class":61},[47,65784,77],{"class":65},[47,65786,5628],{"class":61},[47,65788,65789],{"class":114},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65791,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,65793,103],{"class":102},[47,65795,106],{"class":61},[47,65797,1659],{"class":92},[47,65799,89],{"class":61},[47,65801,36112],{"class":92},[47,65803,106],{"class":61},[47,65805,633],{"class":632},[47,65807,5026],{"class":636},[47,65809,633],{"class":632},[47,65811,69],{"class":61},[47,65813,72],{"class":65},[47,65815,69],{"class":61},[47,65817,402],{"class":65},[47,65819,5628],{"class":61},[47,65821,65822],{"class":114},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65824,219],{},[38,65826,65828],{"className":40,"code":65827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65829,65830,65834,65838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65831,65832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65833,47185],{"class":65},[47,65835,65836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65837,46885],{"class":65},[47,65839,65840],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,65841,47185],{"class":65},[20,65843,65844],{},"How this works:",[138,65846,65847,65859,65872],{},[141,65848,65849,65852,65853,65856,65857],{},[15,65850,65851],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65854,65855],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65858,232],{},[141,65860,65861,65864,65865,65867,65868,65856,65870],{},[15,65862,65863],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65866,2340],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65869,65855],{},[15,65871,66],{},[141,65873,65874,65877,65878,2472,65880,17337,65882],{},[15,65875,65876],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65879,232],{},[15,65881,2340],{},[15,65883,66],{},[20,65885,65886],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[33,65888,65890],{"id":65889},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65892,65893,65894,89],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65895,40969],{},[20,65897,318],{},[38,65899,65901],{"className":40,"code":65900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65902,65903,65935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65904,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65906,1536],{"class":53},[47,65908,58],{"class":57},[47,65910,62],{"class":61},[47,65912,633],{"class":632},[47,65914,647],{"class":636},[47,65916,633],{"class":632},[47,65918,69],{"class":61},[47,65920,644],{"class":632},[47,65922,637],{"class":636},[47,65924,633],{"class":632},[47,65926,69],{"class":61},[47,65928,644],{"class":632},[47,65930,656],{"class":636},[47,65932,633],{"class":632},[47,65934,80],{"class":61},[47,65936,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951,65953,65955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,65938,103],{"class":102},[47,65940,106],{"class":61},[47,65942,1562],{"class":92},[47,65944,89],{"class":61},[47,65946,36112],{"class":92},[47,65948,106],{"class":61},[47,65950,633],{"class":632},[47,65952,33488],{"class":636},[47,65954,633],{"class":632},[47,65956,1978],{"class":61},[20,65958,39918,65959,65962],{},[15,65960,65961],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65964,65965],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,65967,65969],{"className":40,"code":65968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65970,65971,66003,66016,66020,66033,66052,66058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65972,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65974,1536],{"class":53},[47,65976,58],{"class":57},[47,65978,62],{"class":61},[47,65980,633],{"class":632},[47,65982,647],{"class":636},[47,65984,633],{"class":632},[47,65986,69],{"class":61},[47,65988,644],{"class":632},[47,65990,637],{"class":636},[47,65992,633],{"class":632},[47,65994,69],{"class":61},[47,65996,644],{"class":632},[47,65998,656],{"class":636},[47,66000,633],{"class":632},[47,66002,80],{"class":61},[47,66004,66005,66008,66010,66012,66014],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66006,66007],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,66009,58],{"class":57},[47,66011,644],{"class":632},[47,66013,33488],{"class":636},[47,66015,1609],{"class":632},[47,66017,66018],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,66019,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,66021,66022,66024,66027,66029,66031],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,66023,7262],{"class":2027},[47,66025,66026],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,66028,2034],{"class":57},[47,66030,6231],{"class":53},[47,66032,6657],{"class":61},[47,66034,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66050],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,66036,8333],{"class":102},[47,66038,106],{"class":61},[47,66040,1562],{"class":92},[47,66042,89],{"class":61},[47,66044,36112],{"class":92},[47,66046,106],{"class":61},[47,66048,66049],{"class":92},"search_value",[47,66051,1978],{"class":61},[47,66053,66054,66056],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,66055,27698],{"class":2027},[47,66057,6657],{"class":61},[47,66059,66060,66062,66064,66066,66069,66071],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,66061,8333],{"class":102},[47,66063,106],{"class":61},[47,66065,633],{"class":632},[47,66067,66068],{"class":636},"Item not found",[47,66070,633],{"class":632},[47,66072,216],{"class":61},[20,66074,219],{},[38,66076,66078],{"className":40,"code":66077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,66079,66080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66081,66082,66085,66087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66083,66084],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,66086,4896],{"class":57},[47,66088,66089],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,66091,66092],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66094,66095,66096,89],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[252,66097,66099],{"href":66098},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[33,66101,4784],{"id":4783},[20,66103,21477,66104,136],{},[15,66105,65125],{},[138,66107,66108,66126,66138,66198],{},[141,66109,26038,66110,2057,66112,66115,66116,66118,66119,5427,66121,66123,66124,89],{},[15,66111,59233],{},[15,66113,66114],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10111,66117],{},"\nPython does ",[4015,66120,4896],{},[15,66122,66114],{},". It raises ",[15,66125,40969],{},[141,66127,66128,66129,66131,66134,66135,66137],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10111,66130],{},[15,66132,66133],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66136,65534],{},", not the value itself.",[141,66139,8681,66140,11358,66143,66145,66147,66148,16920,66150,66173,1590,66175],{},[15,66141,66142],{},"index[]",[15,66144,59233],{},[10111,66146],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10111,66149],{},[38,66151,66153],{"className":40,"code":66152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66154,66155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66156,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66158,1562],{"class":53},[47,66160,89],{"class":61},[47,66162,36112],{"class":92},[47,66164,106],{"class":61},[47,66166,633],{"class":632},[47,66168,637],{"class":636},[47,66170,633],{"class":632},[47,66172,216],{"class":61},[10111,66174],{},[38,66176,66178],{"className":40,"code":66177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66179,66180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66181,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66183,1562],{"class":53},[47,66185,89],{"class":61},[47,66187,36112],{"class":888},[47,66189,229],{"class":61},[47,66191,633],{"class":632},[47,66193,637],{"class":636},[47,66195,633],{"class":632},[47,66197,80],{"class":61},[141,66199,66200,66201,66203,1233,66206,66208,66209],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10111,66202],{},[15,66204,66205],{},"\"3\"",[15,66207,66],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,66210,66212],{"className":40,"code":66211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66213,66214,66234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66215,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66217,54],{"class":53},[47,66219,58],{"class":57},[47,66221,62],{"class":61},[47,66223,232],{"class":65},[47,66225,69],{"class":61},[47,66227,77],{"class":65},[47,66229,69],{"class":61},[47,66231,442],{"class":65},[47,66233,80],{"class":61},[47,66235,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66237,103],{"class":102},[47,66239,106],{"class":61},[47,66241,633],{"class":632},[47,66243,66],{"class":636},[47,66245,633],{"class":632},[47,66247,21439],{"class":2027},[47,66249,1447],{"class":92},[47,66251,111],{"class":61},[47,66253,5037],{"class":114},[20,66255,66256],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,66258,66260],{"className":40,"code":66259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66261,66262,66272,66286,66300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66263,66264,66266,66268,66270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66265,103],{"class":102},[47,66267,106],{"class":61},[47,66269,269],{"class":92},[47,66271,216],{"class":61},[47,66273,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66275,103],{"class":102},[47,66277,106],{"class":61},[47,66279,1971],{"class":882},[47,66281,106],{"class":61},[47,66283,66049],{"class":92},[47,66285,1978],{"class":61},[47,66287,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,66289,103],{"class":102},[47,66291,106],{"class":61},[47,66293,66007],{"class":92},[47,66295,2034],{"class":2027},[47,66297,2037],{"class":92},[47,66299,216],{"class":61},[47,66301,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,66303,103],{"class":102},[47,66305,106],{"class":61},[47,66307,269],{"class":92},[47,66309,89],{"class":61},[47,66311,36112],{"class":92},[47,66313,106],{"class":61},[47,66315,66049],{"class":92},[47,66317,1978],{"class":61},[20,66319,66320],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66322,66323],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[138,66325,66326,66329,66336,66342],{},[141,66327,66328],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[141,66330,66331,66332,11358,66334],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66333,66205],{},[15,66335,66],{},[141,66337,66338,66339,66341],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66340,59233],{}," returns only the first one",[141,66343,66344],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[33,66346,5227,66348],{"id":66347},"when-to-use-index",[15,66349,59233],{},[20,66351,118,66352,10866],{},[15,66353,59233],{},[138,66355,66356,66359,66362],{},[141,66357,66358],{},"You need the position of a known value",[141,66360,66361],{},"You are working with a small list",[141,66363,66364],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66366,66367],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[33,66369,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,66371,5408,66373,5411],{"id":66372},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66374,65125],{},[20,66376,66377],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1404,66379,2082,66381,5427,66383,66385],{"id":66380},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66382,65125],{},[15,66384,66114],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66387,66388,66389,1519],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66390,40969],{},[1404,66392,5436,66394,66396],{"id":66393},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66395,65125],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66398,66399],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1404,66401,66403,66404,2099],{"id":66402},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66405,59233],{},[20,66407,66408,66409,1233,66411,66413],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66410,36339],{},[15,66412,52930],{}," arguments.",[33,66415,2187],{"id":2186},[138,66417,66418,66422,66426,66430],{},[141,66419,66420],{},[252,66421,59221],{"href":65555},[141,66423,66424],{},[252,66425,53041],{"href":54838},[141,66427,66428],{},[252,66429,66099],{"href":66098},[141,66431,66432],{},[252,66433,55786,66434,11006],{"href":59292},[15,66435,57556],{},[2210,66437,66438],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":66440},[66441,66442,66444,66445,66446,66447,66448,66450,66451,66452,66454,66464],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":65222,"depth":83,"text":66443},"What list.index() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":38284,"depth":83,"text":38285},{"id":65430,"depth":83,"text":65431},{"id":65559,"depth":83,"text":65560},{"id":65666,"depth":83,"text":66449},"Using start and end",{"id":65889,"depth":83,"text":65890},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784},{"id":66347,"depth":83,"text":66453},"When to use index()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":66455},[66456,66458,66460,66462],{"id":66372,"depth":99,"text":66457},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66380,"depth":99,"text":66459},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66393,"depth":99,"text":66461},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66402,"depth":99,"text":66463},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65113,"description":66465},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66472,"title":66473,"body":66474,"description":68415,"extension":2248,"meta":68416,"navigation":203,"path":68417,"seo":68418,"stem":68419,"__hash__":68420},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66475,"toc":68375},[66476,66481,66486,66489,66498,66555,66561,66566,66570,66584,66590,66592,66615,66632,66634,66695,66697,66729,66742,66744,66747,66847,66849,66927,66933,66937,66945,66949,66955,67010,67012,67036,67040,67043,67096,67098,67122,67126,67129,67182,67184,67208,67212,67218,67289,67291,67332,67337,67344,67347,67352,67360,67365,67373,67375,67472,67474,67543,67550,67555,67557,67561,67566,67568,67639,67641,67670,67676,67678,67705,67708,67731,67735,67738,67760,67763,67786,67788,67848,67850,67882,67888,67893,67946,67948,67973,67976,68025,68027,68048,68052,68057,68060,68115,68117,68144,68151,68155,68160,68231,68234,68248,68253,68258,68260,68274,68286,68291,68293,68298,68303,68307,68310,68316,68322,68329,68337,68339,68372],[10,66477,13,66479,18],{"id":66478},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66480,54537],{},[20,66482,66483,66485],{},[15,66484,54181],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66487,66488],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66490,118,66491,66493,66494,89],{},[15,66492,54537],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[252,66495,55786,66496,11006],{"href":57034},[15,66497,52922],{},[38,66499,66501],{"className":40,"code":66500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66502,66503,66523,66541,66551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66506,54],{"class":53},[47,66508,58],{"class":57},[47,66510,62],{"class":61},[47,66512,232],{"class":65},[47,66514,69],{"class":61},[47,66516,77],{"class":65},[47,66518,69],{"class":61},[47,66520,402],{"class":65},[47,66522,80],{"class":61},[47,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66526,86],{"class":53},[47,66528,89],{"class":61},[47,66530,54221],{"class":92},[47,66532,106],{"class":61},[47,66534,2340],{"class":65},[47,66536,69],{"class":61},[47,66538,442],{"class":65},[47,66540,216],{"class":61},[47,66542,66543,66545,66547,66549],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,66544,103],{"class":102},[47,66546,106],{"class":61},[47,66548,86],{"class":92},[47,66550,216],{"class":61},[47,66552,66553],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,66554,52993],{"class":114},[20,66556,118,66557,66560],{},[15,66558,66559],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[33,66562,128,66564,131],{"id":66563},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66565,54181],{},[20,66567,66568,136],{},[15,66569,54181],{},[138,66571,66572,66575,66578,66580],{},[141,66573,66574],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[141,66576,66577],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[141,66579,54696],{},[141,66581,149,66582],{},[15,66583,124],{},[20,66585,66586,66587,66589],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66588,54537],{}," does not create a new list.",[33,66591,5698],{"id":5697},[38,66593,66595],{"className":40,"code":66594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66596,66597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66598,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66600,269],{"class":53},[47,66602,89],{"class":61},[47,66604,54221],{"class":92},[47,66606,106],{"class":61},[47,66608,36112],{"class":92},[47,66610,69],{"class":61},[47,66612,29772],{"class":92},[47,66614,216],{"class":61},[138,66616,66617,66622,66627],{},[141,66618,66619,66621],{},[15,66620,36112],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[141,66623,66624,66626],{},[15,66625,2022],{}," is the value to add",[141,66628,66629,66630],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66631,2403],{},[20,66633,318],{},[38,66635,66637],{"className":40,"code":66636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66638,66639,66663,66685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66640,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66642,1639],{"class":53},[47,66644,58],{"class":57},[47,66646,62],{"class":61},[47,66648,633],{"class":632},[47,66650,252],{"class":636},[47,66652,633],{"class":632},[47,66654,69],{"class":61},[47,66656,644],{"class":632},[47,66658,10004],{"class":636},[47,66660,633],{"class":632},[47,66662,80],{"class":61},[47,66664,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66666,1659],{"class":53},[47,66668,89],{"class":61},[47,66670,54221],{"class":92},[47,66672,106],{"class":61},[47,66674,232],{"class":65},[47,66676,69],{"class":61},[47,66678,644],{"class":632},[47,66680,5026],{"class":636},[47,66682,633],{"class":632},[47,66684,216],{"class":61},[47,66686,66687,66689,66691,66693],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,66688,103],{"class":102},[47,66690,106],{"class":61},[47,66692,1659],{"class":92},[47,66694,216],{"class":61},[20,66696,219],{},[38,66698,66699],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66700,66701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66702,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66704,229],{"class":61},[47,66706,699],{"class":632},[47,66708,252],{"class":636},[47,66710,699],{"class":632},[47,66712,69],{"class":61},[47,66714,708],{"class":632},[47,66716,5026],{"class":636},[47,66718,699],{"class":632},[47,66720,69],{"class":61},[47,66722,708],{"class":632},[47,66724,10004],{"class":636},[47,66726,699],{"class":632},[47,66728,80],{"class":61},[20,66730,21036,66731,66733,66734,66736,66737,1233,66739,89],{},[15,66732,65855],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66735,232],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66738,18361],{},[15,66740,66741],{},"\"c\"",[33,66743,6053],{"id":6052},[20,66745,66746],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,66748,66750],{"className":40,"code":66749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66751,66752,66784,66802,66806,66828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66753,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66755,13339],{"class":53},[47,66757,58],{"class":57},[47,66759,62],{"class":61},[47,66761,633],{"class":632},[47,66763,13356],{"class":636},[47,66765,633],{"class":632},[47,66767,69],{"class":61},[47,66769,644],{"class":632},[47,66771,13373],{"class":636},[47,66773,633],{"class":632},[47,66775,69],{"class":61},[47,66777,644],{"class":632},[47,66779,17721],{"class":636},[47,66781,633],{"class":632},[47,66783,80],{"class":61},[47,66785,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66787,103],{"class":102},[47,66789,106],{"class":61},[47,66791,633],{"class":632},[47,66793,11828],{"class":636},[47,66795,633],{"class":632},[47,66797,69],{"class":61},[47,66799,13387],{"class":92},[47,66801,216],{"class":61},[47,66803,66804],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,66805,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,66807,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,66809,17768],{"class":53},[47,66811,89],{"class":61},[47,66813,54221],{"class":92},[47,66815,106],{"class":61},[47,66817,232],{"class":65},[47,66819,69],{"class":61},[47,66821,644],{"class":632},[47,66823,22790],{"class":636},[47,66825,633],{"class":632},[47,66827,216],{"class":61},[47,66829,66830,66832,66834,66836,66839,66841,66843,66845],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,66831,103],{"class":102},[47,66833,106],{"class":61},[47,66835,633],{"class":632},[47,66837,66838],{"class":636},"After: ",[47,66840,633],{"class":632},[47,66842,69],{"class":61},[47,66844,13387],{"class":92},[47,66846,216],{"class":61},[20,66848,219],{},[38,66850,66852],{"className":40,"code":66851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66853,66854,66886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66855,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66857,11888],{"class":53},[47,66859,136],{"class":61},[47,66861,62],{"class":61},[47,66863,699],{"class":632},[47,66865,13356],{"class":636},[47,66867,699],{"class":632},[47,66869,69],{"class":61},[47,66871,708],{"class":632},[47,66873,13373],{"class":636},[47,66875,699],{"class":632},[47,66877,69],{"class":61},[47,66879,708],{"class":632},[47,66881,17721],{"class":636},[47,66883,699],{"class":632},[47,66885,80],{"class":61},[47,66887,66888,66890,66892,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66889,11941],{"class":53},[47,66891,136],{"class":61},[47,66893,66894],{"class":61},"  [",[47,66896,699],{"class":632},[47,66898,13356],{"class":636},[47,66900,699],{"class":632},[47,66902,69],{"class":61},[47,66904,708],{"class":632},[47,66906,22790],{"class":636},[47,66908,699],{"class":632},[47,66910,69],{"class":61},[47,66912,708],{"class":632},[47,66914,13373],{"class":636},[47,66916,699],{"class":632},[47,66918,69],{"class":61},[47,66920,708],{"class":632},[47,66922,17721],{"class":636},[47,66924,699],{"class":632},[47,66926,80],{"class":61},[20,66928,66929,66930,66932],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66931,232],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[33,66934,66936],{"id":66935},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66938,956,66939,35595,66941,66944],{},[15,66940,36112],{},[15,66942,66943],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1404,66946,66948],{"id":66947},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66950,66951,66952,66954],{},"Use index ",[15,66953,2403],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,66956,66958],{"className":40,"code":66957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66959,66960,66981,67000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66961,66962,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66963,66964],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66966,58],{"class":57},[47,66968,62],{"class":61},[47,66970,2340],{"class":65},[47,66972,69],{"class":61},[47,66974,442],{"class":65},[47,66976,69],{"class":61},[47,66978,402],{"class":65},[47,66980,80],{"class":61},[47,66982,66983,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,66984,66985],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66987,89],{"class":61},[47,66989,54221],{"class":92},[47,66991,106],{"class":61},[47,66993,2403],{"class":65},[47,66995,69],{"class":61},[47,66997,72],{"class":65},[47,66999,216],{"class":61},[47,67001,67002,67004,67006,67008],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67003,103],{"class":102},[47,67005,106],{"class":61},[47,67007,66985],{"class":92},[47,67009,216],{"class":61},[20,67011,219],{},[38,67013,67014],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67015,67016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67017,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67019,229],{"class":61},[47,67021,232],{"class":65},[47,67023,69],{"class":61},[47,67025,77],{"class":65},[47,67027,69],{"class":61},[47,67029,442],{"class":65},[47,67031,69],{"class":61},[47,67033,402],{"class":65},[47,67035,80],{"class":61},[1404,67037,67039],{"id":67038},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67041,67042],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,67044,67046],{"className":40,"code":67045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67047,67048,67068,67086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67049,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67051,66964],{"class":53},[47,67053,58],{"class":57},[47,67055,62],{"class":61},[47,67057,232],{"class":65},[47,67059,69],{"class":61},[47,67061,77],{"class":65},[47,67063,69],{"class":61},[47,67065,402],{"class":65},[47,67067,80],{"class":61},[47,67069,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67071,66985],{"class":53},[47,67073,89],{"class":61},[47,67075,54221],{"class":92},[47,67077,106],{"class":61},[47,67079,2340],{"class":65},[47,67081,69],{"class":61},[47,67083,442],{"class":65},[47,67085,216],{"class":61},[47,67087,67088,67090,67092,67094],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67089,103],{"class":102},[47,67091,106],{"class":61},[47,67093,66985],{"class":92},[47,67095,216],{"class":61},[20,67097,219],{},[38,67099,67100],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67101,67102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67103,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67105,229],{"class":61},[47,67107,232],{"class":65},[47,67109,69],{"class":61},[47,67111,77],{"class":65},[47,67113,69],{"class":61},[47,67115,442],{"class":65},[47,67117,69],{"class":61},[47,67119,402],{"class":65},[47,67121,80],{"class":61},[1404,67123,67125],{"id":67124},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67127,67128],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,67130,67132],{"className":40,"code":67131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67133,67134,67154,67172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67135,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67137,66964],{"class":53},[47,67139,58],{"class":57},[47,67141,62],{"class":61},[47,67143,232],{"class":65},[47,67145,69],{"class":61},[47,67147,77],{"class":65},[47,67149,69],{"class":61},[47,67151,442],{"class":65},[47,67153,80],{"class":61},[47,67155,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67157,66985],{"class":53},[47,67159,89],{"class":61},[47,67161,54221],{"class":92},[47,67163,106],{"class":61},[47,67165,437],{"class":65},[47,67167,69],{"class":61},[47,67169,402],{"class":65},[47,67171,216],{"class":61},[47,67173,67174,67176,67178,67180],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67175,103],{"class":102},[47,67177,106],{"class":61},[47,67179,66985],{"class":92},[47,67181,216],{"class":61},[20,67183,219],{},[38,67185,67186],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67187,67188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67189,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67191,229],{"class":61},[47,67193,232],{"class":65},[47,67195,69],{"class":61},[47,67197,77],{"class":65},[47,67199,69],{"class":61},[47,67201,442],{"class":65},[47,67203,69],{"class":61},[47,67205,402],{"class":65},[47,67207,80],{"class":61},[1404,67209,67211],{"id":67210},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67213,67214,67215,67217],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67216,54537],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,67219,67221],{"className":40,"code":67220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67222,67223,67255,67279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67224,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67226,1639],{"class":53},[47,67228,58],{"class":57},[47,67230,62],{"class":61},[47,67232,633],{"class":632},[47,67234,252],{"class":636},[47,67236,633],{"class":632},[47,67238,69],{"class":61},[47,67240,644],{"class":632},[47,67242,5026],{"class":636},[47,67244,633],{"class":632},[47,67246,69],{"class":61},[47,67248,644],{"class":632},[47,67250,19032],{"class":636},[47,67252,633],{"class":632},[47,67254,80],{"class":61},[47,67256,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67258,1659],{"class":53},[47,67260,89],{"class":61},[47,67262,54221],{"class":92},[47,67264,106],{"class":61},[47,67266,2306],{"class":57},[47,67268,232],{"class":65},[47,67270,69],{"class":61},[47,67272,644],{"class":632},[47,67274,10004],{"class":636},[47,67276,633],{"class":632},[47,67278,216],{"class":61},[47,67280,67281,67283,67285,67287],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67282,103],{"class":102},[47,67284,106],{"class":61},[47,67286,1659],{"class":92},[47,67288,216],{"class":61},[20,67290,219],{},[38,67292,67294],{"className":40,"code":67293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67295,67296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67297,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67299,229],{"class":61},[47,67301,699],{"class":632},[47,67303,252],{"class":636},[47,67305,699],{"class":632},[47,67307,69],{"class":61},[47,67309,708],{"class":632},[47,67311,5026],{"class":636},[47,67313,699],{"class":632},[47,67315,69],{"class":61},[47,67317,708],{"class":632},[47,67319,10004],{"class":636},[47,67321,699],{"class":632},[47,67323,69],{"class":61},[47,67325,708],{"class":632},[47,67327,19032],{"class":636},[47,67329,699],{"class":632},[47,67331,80],{"class":61},[20,67333,67334,67335,2586],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[252,67336,255],{"href":254},[33,67338,67340,1225,67342],{"id":67339},"insert-vs-append",[15,67341,54537],{},[15,67343,52922],{},[20,67345,67346],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1404,67348,118,67350,10866],{"id":67349},"use-insert-when",[15,67351,54537],{},[138,67353,67354,67357],{},[141,67355,67356],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[141,67358,67359],{},"The order of the list matters",[1404,67361,118,67363,10866],{"id":67362},"use-append-when",[15,67364,52922],{},[138,67366,67367,67370],{},[141,67368,67369],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[141,67371,67372],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67374,318],{},[38,67376,67378],{"className":40,"code":67377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67379,67380,67404,67408,67430,67440,67444,67462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67383,1536],{"class":53},[47,67385,58],{"class":57},[47,67387,62],{"class":61},[47,67389,633],{"class":632},[47,67391,647],{"class":636},[47,67393,633],{"class":632},[47,67395,69],{"class":61},[47,67397,644],{"class":632},[47,67399,33488],{"class":636},[47,67401,633],{"class":632},[47,67403,80],{"class":61},[47,67405,67406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67407,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,67409,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67411,1562],{"class":53},[47,67413,89],{"class":61},[47,67415,54221],{"class":92},[47,67417,106],{"class":61},[47,67419,232],{"class":65},[47,67421,69],{"class":61},[47,67423,644],{"class":632},[47,67425,637],{"class":636},[47,67427,633],{"class":632},[47,67429,216],{"class":61},[47,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,67433,103],{"class":102},[47,67435,106],{"class":61},[47,67437,1562],{"class":92},[47,67439,216],{"class":61},[47,67441,67442],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,67443,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,67445,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,67447,1562],{"class":53},[47,67449,89],{"class":61},[47,67451,13817],{"class":92},[47,67453,106],{"class":61},[47,67455,633],{"class":632},[47,67457,22799],{"class":636},[47,67459,633],{"class":632},[47,67461,216],{"class":61},[47,67463,67464,67466,67468,67470],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,67465,103],{"class":102},[47,67467,106],{"class":61},[47,67469,1562],{"class":92},[47,67471,216],{"class":61},[20,67473,219],{},[38,67475,67477],{"className":40,"code":67476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67478,67479,67507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67480,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67482,229],{"class":61},[47,67484,699],{"class":632},[47,67486,647],{"class":636},[47,67488,699],{"class":632},[47,67490,69],{"class":61},[47,67492,708],{"class":632},[47,67494,637],{"class":636},[47,67496,699],{"class":632},[47,67498,69],{"class":61},[47,67500,708],{"class":632},[47,67502,33488],{"class":636},[47,67504,699],{"class":632},[47,67506,80],{"class":61},[47,67508,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67510,229],{"class":61},[47,67512,699],{"class":632},[47,67514,647],{"class":636},[47,67516,699],{"class":632},[47,67518,69],{"class":61},[47,67520,708],{"class":632},[47,67522,637],{"class":636},[47,67524,699],{"class":632},[47,67526,69],{"class":61},[47,67528,708],{"class":632},[47,67530,33488],{"class":636},[47,67532,699],{"class":632},[47,67534,69],{"class":61},[47,67536,708],{"class":632},[47,67538,22799],{"class":636},[47,67540,699],{"class":632},[47,67542,80],{"class":61},[20,67544,67545,67546,89],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[252,67547,55786,67548,11006],{"href":57034},[15,67549,52922],{},[20,67551,67552,67553,89],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[252,67554,53319],{"href":53318},[33,67556,4784],{"id":4783},[20,67558,14998,67559,89],{},[15,67560,54537],{},[1404,67562,1407,67564],{"id":67563},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67565,54537],{},[20,67567,1412],{},[38,67569,67571],{"className":40,"code":67570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67572,67573,67593,67615,67619,67629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67574,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67576,54],{"class":53},[47,67578,58],{"class":57},[47,67580,62],{"class":61},[47,67582,232],{"class":65},[47,67584,69],{"class":61},[47,67586,77],{"class":65},[47,67588,69],{"class":61},[47,67590,442],{"class":65},[47,67592,80],{"class":61},[47,67594,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67596,1442],{"class":53},[47,67598,58],{"class":57},[47,67600,1447],{"class":53},[47,67602,89],{"class":61},[47,67604,54221],{"class":92},[47,67606,106],{"class":61},[47,67608,232],{"class":65},[47,67610,69],{"class":61},[47,67612,10462],{"class":65},[47,67614,216],{"class":61},[47,67616,67617],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67618,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,67620,67621,67623,67625,67627],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,67622,103],{"class":102},[47,67624,106],{"class":61},[47,67626,1466],{"class":92},[47,67628,216],{"class":61},[47,67630,67631,67633,67635,67637],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,67632,103],{"class":102},[47,67634,106],{"class":61},[47,67636,86],{"class":92},[47,67638,216],{"class":61},[20,67640,219],{},[38,67642,67644],{"className":40,"code":67643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67645,67646,67650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67647,67648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67649,1490],{"class":284},[47,67651,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67653,229],{"class":61},[47,67655,232],{"class":65},[47,67657,69],{"class":61},[47,67659,10462],{"class":65},[47,67661,69],{"class":61},[47,67663,77],{"class":65},[47,67665,69],{"class":61},[47,67667,442],{"class":65},[47,67669,80],{"class":61},[20,67671,67672,54422,67674,89],{},[15,67673,54537],{},[15,67675,124],{},[20,67677,1590],{},[38,67679,67681],{"className":40,"code":67680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67682,67683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67686,1297],{"class":53},[47,67688,58],{"class":57},[47,67690,1447],{"class":53},[47,67692,89],{"class":61},[47,67694,54221],{"class":92},[47,67696,106],{"class":61},[47,67698,232],{"class":65},[47,67700,69],{"class":61},[47,67702,10462],{"class":65},[47,67704,216],{"class":61},[20,67706,67707],{},"Right:",[38,67709,67711],{"className":40,"code":67710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67712,67713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67714,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67716,86],{"class":53},[47,67718,89],{"class":61},[47,67720,54221],{"class":92},[47,67722,106],{"class":61},[47,67724,232],{"class":65},[47,67726,69],{"class":61},[47,67728,10462],{"class":65},[47,67730,216],{"class":61},[1404,67732,67734],{"id":67733},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67736,67737],{},"The correct order is:",[38,67739,67740],{"className":40,"code":66594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67741,67742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67745,269],{"class":53},[47,67747,89],{"class":61},[47,67749,54221],{"class":92},[47,67751,106],{"class":61},[47,67753,36112],{"class":92},[47,67755,69],{"class":61},[47,67757,29772],{"class":92},[47,67759,216],{"class":61},[20,67761,67762],{},"Not:",[38,67764,67766],{"className":40,"code":67765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67767,67768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67769,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67771,269],{"class":53},[47,67773,89],{"class":61},[47,67775,54221],{"class":92},[47,67777,106],{"class":61},[47,67779,2022],{"class":92},[47,67781,69],{"class":61},[47,67783,36087],{"class":92},[47,67785,216],{"class":61},[20,67787,318],{},[38,67789,67790],{"className":40,"code":66636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67791,67792,67816,67838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67793,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67795,1639],{"class":53},[47,67797,58],{"class":57},[47,67799,62],{"class":61},[47,67801,633],{"class":632},[47,67803,252],{"class":636},[47,67805,633],{"class":632},[47,67807,69],{"class":61},[47,67809,644],{"class":632},[47,67811,10004],{"class":636},[47,67813,633],{"class":632},[47,67815,80],{"class":61},[47,67817,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67819,1659],{"class":53},[47,67821,89],{"class":61},[47,67823,54221],{"class":92},[47,67825,106],{"class":61},[47,67827,232],{"class":65},[47,67829,69],{"class":61},[47,67831,644],{"class":632},[47,67833,5026],{"class":636},[47,67835,633],{"class":632},[47,67837,216],{"class":61},[47,67839,67840,67842,67844,67846],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67841,103],{"class":102},[47,67843,106],{"class":61},[47,67845,1659],{"class":92},[47,67847,216],{"class":61},[20,67849,219],{},[38,67851,67852],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67853,67854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67855,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67857,229],{"class":61},[47,67859,699],{"class":632},[47,67861,252],{"class":636},[47,67863,699],{"class":632},[47,67865,69],{"class":61},[47,67867,708],{"class":632},[47,67869,5026],{"class":636},[47,67871,699],{"class":632},[47,67873,69],{"class":61},[47,67875,708],{"class":632},[47,67877,10004],{"class":636},[47,67879,699],{"class":632},[47,67881,80],{"class":61},[1404,67883,8717,67885,67887],{"id":67884},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67886,54537],{}," to replace an item",[20,67889,67890,67892],{},[15,67891,54537],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,67894,67896],{"className":40,"code":67895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67897,67898,67918,67936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67899,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67901,54],{"class":53},[47,67903,58],{"class":57},[47,67905,62],{"class":61},[47,67907,232],{"class":65},[47,67909,69],{"class":61},[47,67911,77],{"class":65},[47,67913,69],{"class":61},[47,67915,442],{"class":65},[47,67917,80],{"class":61},[47,67919,67920,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,67921,86],{"class":53},[47,67923,89],{"class":61},[47,67925,54221],{"class":92},[47,67927,106],{"class":61},[47,67929,232],{"class":65},[47,67931,69],{"class":61},[47,67933,10462],{"class":65},[47,67935,216],{"class":61},[47,67937,67938,67940,67942,67944],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,67939,103],{"class":102},[47,67941,106],{"class":61},[47,67943,86],{"class":92},[47,67945,216],{"class":61},[20,67947,219],{},[38,67949,67951],{"className":40,"code":67950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67952,67953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67954,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67956,229],{"class":61},[47,67958,232],{"class":65},[47,67960,69],{"class":61},[47,67962,10462],{"class":65},[47,67964,69],{"class":61},[47,67966,77],{"class":65},[47,67968,69],{"class":61},[47,67970,442],{"class":65},[47,67972,80],{"class":61},[20,67974,67975],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,67977,67979],{"className":40,"code":67978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67980,67981,68001,68015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67984,54],{"class":53},[47,67986,58],{"class":57},[47,67988,62],{"class":61},[47,67990,232],{"class":65},[47,67992,69],{"class":61},[47,67994,77],{"class":65},[47,67996,69],{"class":61},[47,67998,442],{"class":65},[47,68000,80],{"class":61},[47,68002,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68004,86],{"class":53},[47,68006,229],{"class":61},[47,68008,232],{"class":65},[47,68010,13537],{"class":61},[47,68012,13540],{"class":57},[47,68014,14395],{"class":65},[47,68016,68017,68019,68021,68023],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68018,103],{"class":102},[47,68020,106],{"class":61},[47,68022,86],{"class":92},[47,68024,216],{"class":61},[20,68026,219],{},[38,68028,68030],{"className":40,"code":68029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68031,68032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68033,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68035,229],{"class":61},[47,68037,232],{"class":65},[47,68039,69],{"class":61},[47,68041,10462],{"class":65},[47,68043,69],{"class":61},[47,68045,442],{"class":65},[47,68047,80],{"class":61},[1404,68049,68051],{"id":68050},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68053,68054,68056],{},[15,68055,54537],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68058,68059],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,68061,68063],{"className":40,"code":68062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68064,68065,68081,68105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68066,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68068,54],{"class":53},[47,68070,58],{"class":57},[47,68072,62],{"class":61},[47,68074,232],{"class":65},[47,68076,69],{"class":61},[47,68078,402],{"class":65},[47,68080,80],{"class":61},[47,68082,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68084,86],{"class":53},[47,68086,89],{"class":61},[47,68088,54221],{"class":92},[47,68090,106],{"class":61},[47,68092,232],{"class":65},[47,68094,69],{"class":61},[47,68096,62],{"class":61},[47,68098,2340],{"class":65},[47,68100,69],{"class":61},[47,68102,442],{"class":65},[47,68104,2040],{"class":61},[47,68106,68107,68109,68111,68113],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68108,103],{"class":102},[47,68110,106],{"class":61},[47,68112,86],{"class":92},[47,68114,216],{"class":61},[20,68116,219],{},[38,68118,68120],{"className":40,"code":68119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68121,68122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68123,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68125,229],{"class":61},[47,68127,232],{"class":65},[47,68129,69],{"class":61},[47,68131,62],{"class":61},[47,68133,2340],{"class":65},[47,68135,69],{"class":61},[47,68137,442],{"class":65},[47,68139,18327],{"class":61},[47,68141,402],{"class":65},[47,68143,80],{"class":61},[20,68145,68146,68147,89],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[252,68148,55786,68149,11006],{"href":53614},[15,68150,53716],{},[1404,68152,68154],{"id":68153},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68156,9139,68157,68159],{},[15,68158,54537],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,68161,68163],{"className":40,"code":68162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68164,68165,68175,68189,68207,68221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68168,103],{"class":102},[47,68170,106],{"class":61},[47,68172,269],{"class":92},[47,68174,216],{"class":61},[47,68176,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68178,103],{"class":102},[47,68180,106],{"class":61},[47,68182,969],{"class":102},[47,68184,106],{"class":61},[47,68186,269],{"class":92},[47,68188,1978],{"class":61},[47,68190,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203,68205],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68192,103],{"class":102},[47,68194,106],{"class":61},[47,68196,269],{"class":92},[47,68198,89],{"class":61},[47,68200,54221],{"class":888},[47,68202,89],{"class":61},[47,68204,34713],{"class":34720},[47,68206,216],{"class":61},[47,68208,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,68210,32419],{"class":102},[47,68212,106],{"class":61},[47,68214,8358],{"class":882},[47,68216,89],{"class":61},[47,68218,54221],{"class":888},[47,68220,216],{"class":61},[47,68222,68223,68225,68227,68229],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,68224,1971],{"class":882},[47,68226,106],{"class":61},[47,68228,269],{"class":92},[47,68230,216],{"class":61},[20,68232,68233],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[138,68235,68236,68239,68242,68245],{},[141,68237,68238],{},"What is currently in the list",[141,68240,68241],{},"How long the list is",[141,68243,68244],{},"That you are working with a real list",[141,68246,68247],{},"How Python describes the method",[33,68249,5227,68251],{"id":68250},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68252,54537],{},[20,68254,118,68255,68257],{},[15,68256,54537],{}," when position matters.",[20,68259,36691],{},[138,68261,68262,68265,68268,68271],{},[141,68263,68264],{},"Ordered menus",[141,68266,68267],{},"Rankings or score lists",[141,68269,68270],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[141,68272,68273],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68275,68276,68277,68279,68280,68282,68283,68285],{},"You usually do ",[4015,68278,4896],{}," need ",[15,68281,54537],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68284,52922],{}," is simpler.",[20,68287,68288,68289,89],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[252,68290,57420],{"href":57419},[33,68292,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,68294,2082,68296,2085],{"id":68295},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68297,54181],{},[20,68299,68300,68301,89],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68302,124],{},[1404,68304,68306],{"id":68305},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68308,68309],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1404,68311,5436,68313,68315],{"id":68312},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68314,54181],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68317,68318,68319,68321],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68320,53716],{}," or slicing.",[1404,68323,2094,68325,1233,68327,2099],{"id":68324},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68326,54537],{},[15,68328,52922],{},[20,68330,68331,68333,68334,68336],{},[15,68332,54537],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68335,52922],{}," adds only at the end.",[33,68338,2187],{"id":2186},[138,68340,68341,68347,68353,68357,68361,68365],{},[141,68342,68343],{},[252,68344,55786,68345,11006],{"href":57034},[15,68346,52922],{},[141,68348,68349],{},[252,68350,55786,68351,11006],{"href":53614},[15,68352,53716],{},[141,68354,68355],{},[252,68356,54547],{"href":53318},[141,68358,68359],{},[252,68360,53041],{"href":254},[141,68362,68363],{},[252,68364,57494],{"href":57419},[141,68366,68367],{},[252,68368,30613,68369,33900],{"href":54565},[15,68370,68371],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2210,68373,68374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":68376},[68377,68379,68380,68381,68387,68394,68403,68405,68414],{"id":66563,"depth":83,"text":68378},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698},{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":66935,"depth":83,"text":66936,"children":68382},[68383,68384,68385,68386],{"id":66947,"depth":99,"text":66948},{"id":67038,"depth":99,"text":67039},{"id":67124,"depth":99,"text":67125},{"id":67210,"depth":99,"text":67211},{"id":67339,"depth":83,"text":68388,"children":68389},"insert() vs append()",[68390,68392],{"id":67349,"depth":99,"text":68391},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67362,"depth":99,"text":68393},"Use append() when:",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":68395},[68396,68398,68399,68401,68402],{"id":67563,"depth":99,"text":68397},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67733,"depth":99,"text":67734},{"id":67884,"depth":99,"text":68400},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68050,"depth":99,"text":68051},{"id":68153,"depth":99,"text":68154},{"id":68250,"depth":83,"text":68404},"When to use insert()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":68406},[68407,68409,68410,68412],{"id":68295,"depth":99,"text":68408},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68305,"depth":99,"text":68306},{"id":68312,"depth":99,"text":68411},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68324,"depth":99,"text":68413},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66473,"description":68415},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68422,"title":68423,"body":68424,"description":69979,"extension":2248,"meta":69980,"navigation":203,"path":59238,"seo":69981,"stem":69982,"__hash__":69983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68425,"toc":69952},[68426,68432,68441,68490,68492,68500,68506,68508,68526,68532,68537,68540,68543,68558,68560,68612,68614,68622,68630,68637,68639,68645,68710,68712,68720,68722,68741,68744,68795,68799,68804,68831,68833,68841,68844,68913,68915,68930,68936,68940,68949,68952,69007,69009,69017,69020,69022,69067,69069,69077,69083,69085,69093,69096,69098,69137,69139,69178,69183,69185,69187,69222,69225,69227,69265,69269,69275,69277,69328,69330,69338,69345,69348,69369,69372,69427,69438,69440,69501,69503,69512,69519,69525,69528,69531,69588,69591,69604,69611,69617,69623,69625,69638,69641,69738,69740,69757,69760,69842,69844,69866,69873,69879,69881,69885,69891,69897,69902,69906,69909,69915,69922,69924,69949],[10,68427,68429,68430,111],{"id":68428},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68431,969],{},[20,68433,68434,68435,68437,68438,68440],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68436,42627],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68439,42627],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,68442,68444],{"className":40,"code":68443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68445,68446,68466,68480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68447,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68449,54],{"class":53},[47,68451,58],{"class":57},[47,68453,62],{"class":61},[47,68455,437],{"class":65},[47,68457,69],{"class":61},[47,68459,8054],{"class":65},[47,68461,69],{"class":61},[47,68463,8059],{"class":65},[47,68465,80],{"class":61},[47,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68469,41507],{"class":53},[47,68471,58],{"class":57},[47,68473,38650],{"class":102},[47,68475,106],{"class":61},[47,68477,86],{"class":92},[47,68479,216],{"class":61},[47,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68483,103],{"class":102},[47,68485,106],{"class":61},[47,68487,41525],{"class":92},[47,68489,216],{"class":61},[20,68491,219],{},[38,68493,68494],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68495,68496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68497,68498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68499,46885],{"class":65},[20,68501,118,68502,68505],{},[15,68503,68504],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[33,68507,15427],{"id":15426},[138,68509,68510,68515,68520,68523],{},[141,68511,4464,68512,68514],{},[15,68513,42627],{}," works with Python lists",[141,68516,68517,68518,11970],{},"What value ",[15,68519,42627],{},[141,68521,68522],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[141,68524,68525],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[33,68527,128,68529,68531],{"id":68528},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68530,42627],{}," returns for a list",[20,68533,68534,65345],{},[15,68535,68536],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68538,68539],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68541,68542],{},"A few important points:",[138,68544,68545,68548,68553],{},[141,68546,68547],{},"It counts list items",[141,68549,41171,68550,68552],{},[4015,68551,4896],{}," count characters inside a string item",[141,68554,68555,68556],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68557,2403],{},[20,68559,318],{},[38,68561,68563],{"className":40,"code":68562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68564,68565,68598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68566,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68568,625],{"class":53},[47,68570,58],{"class":57},[47,68572,62],{"class":61},[47,68574,633],{"class":632},[47,68576,37311],{"class":636},[47,68578,633],{"class":632},[47,68580,69],{"class":61},[47,68582,644],{"class":632},[47,68584,68585],{"class":636},"elephant",[47,68587,633],{"class":632},[47,68589,69],{"class":61},[47,68591,644],{"class":632},[47,68593,58392],{"class":636},[47,68595,633],{"class":632},[47,68597,80],{"class":61},[47,68599,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68601,103],{"class":102},[47,68603,106],{"class":61},[47,68605,969],{"class":102},[47,68607,106],{"class":61},[47,68609,665],{"class":92},[47,68611,1978],{"class":61},[20,68613,219],{},[38,68615,68616],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68617,68618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68619,68620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68621,46885],{"class":65},[20,68623,21243,68624,68627,68628,65352],{},[15,68625,68626],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[4015,68629,52926],{},[20,68631,68632,68633,89],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[252,68634,1386,68635,3785],{"href":42624},[15,68636,42627],{},[33,68638,6053],{"id":6052},[20,68640,68641,68642,68644],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68643,42627],{},", and print the result.",[38,68646,68648],{"className":40,"code":68647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68649,68650,68682,68696,68700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68651,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68653,13339],{"class":53},[47,68655,58],{"class":57},[47,68657,62],{"class":61},[47,68659,633],{"class":632},[47,68661,13356],{"class":636},[47,68663,633],{"class":632},[47,68665,69],{"class":61},[47,68667,644],{"class":632},[47,68669,17721],{"class":636},[47,68671,633],{"class":632},[47,68673,69],{"class":61},[47,68675,644],{"class":632},[47,68677,13373],{"class":636},[47,68679,633],{"class":632},[47,68681,80],{"class":61},[47,68683,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68685,41507],{"class":53},[47,68687,58],{"class":57},[47,68689,38650],{"class":102},[47,68691,106],{"class":61},[47,68693,17768],{"class":92},[47,68695,216],{"class":61},[47,68697,68698],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68699,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,68701,68702,68704,68706,68708],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,68703,103],{"class":102},[47,68705,106],{"class":61},[47,68707,41525],{"class":92},[47,68709,216],{"class":61},[20,68711,219],{},[38,68713,68714],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68715,68716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68717,68718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68719,46885],{"class":65},[20,68721,11948],{},[138,68723,68724,68729,68736],{},[141,68725,68726,68728],{},[15,68727,17768],{}," is a list with 3 items",[141,68730,68731,2057,68734],{},[15,68732,68733],{},"len(colors)",[15,68735,66],{},[141,68737,68738,68739],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68740,41525],{},[20,68742,68743],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,68745,68747],{"className":40,"code":68746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68748,68749,68781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68750,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68752,13339],{"class":53},[47,68754,58],{"class":57},[47,68756,62],{"class":61},[47,68758,633],{"class":632},[47,68760,13356],{"class":636},[47,68762,633],{"class":632},[47,68764,69],{"class":61},[47,68766,644],{"class":632},[47,68768,17721],{"class":636},[47,68770,633],{"class":632},[47,68772,69],{"class":61},[47,68774,644],{"class":632},[47,68776,13373],{"class":636},[47,68778,633],{"class":632},[47,68780,80],{"class":61},[47,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68784,103],{"class":102},[47,68786,106],{"class":61},[47,68788,969],{"class":102},[47,68790,106],{"class":61},[47,68792,17768],{"class":92},[47,68794,1978],{"class":61},[33,68796,68798],{"id":68797},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68800,68801,68802,89],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68803,2403],{},[38,68805,68807],{"className":40,"code":68806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68808,68809,68817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68810,68811,68813,68815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68812,1536],{"class":53},[47,68814,58],{"class":57},[47,68816,8102],{"class":61},[47,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68820,103],{"class":102},[47,68822,106],{"class":61},[47,68824,969],{"class":102},[47,68826,106],{"class":61},[47,68828,1562],{"class":92},[47,68830,1978],{"class":61},[20,68832,219],{},[38,68834,68835],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68836,68837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68838,68839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68840,47520],{"class":65},[20,68842,68843],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,68845,68847],{"className":40,"code":68846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68848,68849,68857,68861,68879,68893,68899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68850,68851,68853,68855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68852,1536],{"class":53},[47,68854,58],{"class":57},[47,68856,8102],{"class":61},[47,68858,68859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68860,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,68862,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,68864,7262],{"class":2027},[47,68866,38650],{"class":102},[47,68868,106],{"class":61},[47,68870,1562],{"class":92},[47,68872,111],{"class":61},[47,68874,38660],{"class":57},[47,68876,4106],{"class":65},[47,68878,6657],{"class":61},[47,68880,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,68882,8333],{"class":102},[47,68884,106],{"class":61},[47,68886,1562],{"class":92},[47,68888,229],{"class":61},[47,68890,2403],{"class":65},[47,68892,2040],{"class":61},[47,68894,68895,68897],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,68896,27698],{"class":2027},[47,68898,6657],{"class":61},[47,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,68902,8333],{"class":102},[47,68904,106],{"class":61},[47,68906,633],{"class":632},[47,68908,52085],{"class":636},[47,68910,633],{"class":632},[47,68912,216],{"class":61},[20,68914,219],{},[38,68916,68918],{"className":40,"code":68917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,68919,68920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68921,68922,68924,68926,68928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68923,956],{"class":53},[47,68925,8358],{"class":882},[47,68927,8361],{"class":57},[47,68929,8367],{"class":53},[20,68931,68932,68933,68935],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[252,68934,53041],{"href":254}," is a good next step.",[33,68937,68939],{"id":68938},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68941,68942,68944,68945,68948],{},[15,68943,42627],{}," counts only the ",[4015,68946,68947],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68950,68951],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,68953,68955],{"className":40,"code":68954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68956,68957,68993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68958,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68960,9430],{"class":53},[47,68962,58],{"class":57},[47,68964,56559],{"class":61},[47,68966,232],{"class":65},[47,68968,69],{"class":61},[47,68970,77],{"class":65},[47,68972,18327],{"class":61},[47,68974,62],{"class":61},[47,68976,66],{"class":65},[47,68978,69],{"class":61},[47,68980,402],{"class":65},[47,68982,18327],{"class":61},[47,68984,62],{"class":61},[47,68986,173],{"class":65},[47,68988,69],{"class":61},[47,68990,37908],{"class":65},[47,68992,53512],{"class":61},[47,68994,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,68996,103],{"class":102},[47,68998,106],{"class":61},[47,69000,969],{"class":102},[47,69002,106],{"class":61},[47,69004,9468],{"class":92},[47,69006,1978],{"class":61},[20,69008,219],{},[38,69010,69011],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69012,69013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69014,69015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69016,46885],{"class":65},[20,69018,69019],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69021,52349],{},[38,69023,69025],{"className":40,"code":69024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69026,69027,69053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69028,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69030,59738],{"class":53},[47,69032,58],{"class":57},[47,69034,62],{"class":61},[47,69036,232],{"class":65},[47,69038,69],{"class":61},[47,69040,62],{"class":61},[47,69042,2340],{"class":65},[47,69044,69],{"class":61},[47,69046,442],{"class":65},[47,69048,18327],{"class":61},[47,69050,402],{"class":65},[47,69052,80],{"class":61},[47,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69056,103],{"class":102},[47,69058,106],{"class":61},[47,69060,969],{"class":102},[47,69062,106],{"class":61},[47,69064,59791],{"class":92},[47,69066,1978],{"class":61},[20,69068,219],{},[38,69070,69071],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69072,69073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69074,69075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69076,46885],{"class":65},[20,69078,21243,69079,69082],{},[15,69080,69081],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[33,69084,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,69086,8681,69088,11358,69091],{"id":69087},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69089,69090],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69092,68536],{},[20,69094,69095],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69097,1590],{},[38,69099,69101],{"className":40,"code":69100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69102,69103,69123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69104,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69106,54],{"class":53},[47,69108,58],{"class":57},[47,69110,62],{"class":61},[47,69112,437],{"class":65},[47,69114,69],{"class":61},[47,69116,8054],{"class":65},[47,69118,69],{"class":61},[47,69120,8059],{"class":65},[47,69122,80],{"class":61},[47,69124,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69126,103],{"class":102},[47,69128,106],{"class":61},[47,69130,86],{"class":92},[47,69132,89],{"class":61},[47,69134,969],{"class":92},[47,69136,1993],{"class":61},[20,69138,16920],{},[38,69140,69142],{"className":40,"code":69141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69143,69144,69164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69145,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69147,54],{"class":53},[47,69149,58],{"class":57},[47,69151,62],{"class":61},[47,69153,437],{"class":65},[47,69155,69],{"class":61},[47,69157,8054],{"class":65},[47,69159,69],{"class":61},[47,69161,8059],{"class":65},[47,69163,80],{"class":61},[47,69165,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69167,103],{"class":102},[47,69169,106],{"class":61},[47,69171,969],{"class":102},[47,69173,106],{"class":61},[47,69175,86],{"class":92},[47,69177,1978],{"class":61},[20,69179,69180,69182],{},[15,69181,42627],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1404,69184,25952],{"id":25951},[20,69186,1590],{},[38,69188,69190],{"className":40,"code":69189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69191,69192,69212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69193,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69195,54],{"class":53},[47,69197,58],{"class":57},[47,69199,62],{"class":61},[47,69201,437],{"class":65},[47,69203,69],{"class":61},[47,69205,8054],{"class":65},[47,69207,69],{"class":61},[47,69209,8059],{"class":65},[47,69211,80],{"class":61},[47,69213,69214,69216,69218,69220],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69215,103],{"class":102},[47,69217,106],{"class":61},[47,69219,969],{"class":102},[47,69221,216],{"class":61},[20,69223,69224],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69226,16920],{},[38,69228,69229],{"className":40,"code":69141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69230,69231,69251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69232,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69234,54],{"class":53},[47,69236,58],{"class":57},[47,69238,62],{"class":61},[47,69240,437],{"class":65},[47,69242,69],{"class":61},[47,69244,8054],{"class":65},[47,69246,69],{"class":61},[47,69248,8059],{"class":65},[47,69250,80],{"class":61},[47,69252,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69254,103],{"class":102},[47,69256,106],{"class":61},[47,69258,969],{"class":102},[47,69260,106],{"class":61},[47,69262,86],{"class":92},[47,69264,1978],{"class":61},[1404,69266,69268],{"id":69267},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69270,69271,69272,69274],{},"The length of a list is ",[4015,69273,4896],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69276,318],{},[38,69278,69280],{"className":40,"code":69279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69281,69282,69314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69283,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69285,1639],{"class":53},[47,69287,58],{"class":57},[47,69289,62],{"class":61},[47,69291,633],{"class":632},[47,69293,252],{"class":636},[47,69295,633],{"class":632},[47,69297,69],{"class":61},[47,69299,644],{"class":632},[47,69301,5026],{"class":636},[47,69303,633],{"class":632},[47,69305,69],{"class":61},[47,69307,644],{"class":632},[47,69309,10004],{"class":636},[47,69311,633],{"class":632},[47,69313,80],{"class":61},[47,69315,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69317,103],{"class":102},[47,69319,106],{"class":61},[47,69321,969],{"class":102},[47,69323,106],{"class":61},[47,69325,1659],{"class":92},[47,69327,1978],{"class":61},[20,69329,219],{},[38,69331,69332],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69333,69334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69335,69336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69337,46885],{"class":65},[20,69339,69340,69341,19228,69343,89],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69342,2340],{},[15,69344,66],{},[20,69346,69347],{},"Indexes are:",[138,69349,69350,69357,69363],{},[141,69351,69352,69354,69355],{},[15,69353,2403],{}," for ",[15,69356,18361],{},[141,69358,69359,69354,69361],{},[15,69360,232],{},[15,69362,65855],{},[141,69364,69365,69354,69367],{},[15,69366,2340],{},[15,69368,66741],{},[20,69370,69371],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,69373,69375],{"className":40,"code":69374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69376,69377,69409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69380,1639],{"class":53},[47,69382,58],{"class":57},[47,69384,62],{"class":61},[47,69386,633],{"class":632},[47,69388,252],{"class":636},[47,69390,633],{"class":632},[47,69392,69],{"class":61},[47,69394,644],{"class":632},[47,69396,5026],{"class":636},[47,69398,633],{"class":632},[47,69400,69],{"class":61},[47,69402,644],{"class":632},[47,69404,10004],{"class":636},[47,69406,633],{"class":632},[47,69408,80],{"class":61},[47,69410,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69412,103],{"class":102},[47,69414,106],{"class":61},[47,69416,1659],{"class":92},[47,69418,229],{"class":61},[47,69420,969],{"class":102},[47,69422,106],{"class":61},[47,69424,1659],{"class":92},[47,69426,10944],{"class":61},[20,69428,8760,69429,5049,69432,69434,69435,69437],{},[15,69430,69431],{},"len(letters)",[15,69433,66],{},", and index ",[15,69436,66],{}," does not exist.",[20,69439,19105],{},[38,69441,69443],{"className":40,"code":69442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69444,69445,69477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69446,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69448,1639],{"class":53},[47,69450,58],{"class":57},[47,69452,62],{"class":61},[47,69454,633],{"class":632},[47,69456,252],{"class":636},[47,69458,633],{"class":632},[47,69460,69],{"class":61},[47,69462,644],{"class":632},[47,69464,5026],{"class":636},[47,69466,633],{"class":632},[47,69468,69],{"class":61},[47,69470,644],{"class":632},[47,69472,10004],{"class":636},[47,69474,633],{"class":632},[47,69476,80],{"class":61},[47,69478,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495,69497,69499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69480,103],{"class":102},[47,69482,106],{"class":61},[47,69484,1659],{"class":92},[47,69486,229],{"class":61},[47,69488,969],{"class":102},[47,69490,106],{"class":61},[47,69492,1659],{"class":92},[47,69494,111],{"class":61},[47,69496,2505],{"class":57},[47,69498,72],{"class":65},[47,69500,2040],{"class":61},[20,69502,219],{},[38,69504,69506],{"className":40,"code":69505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,69507,69508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69509,69510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69511,69505],{"class":53},[20,69513,69514,69515,89],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[252,69516,69518],{"href":69517},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1404,69520,8681,69522,69524],{"id":69521},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69523,42627],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69526,69527],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69529,69530],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,69532,69534],{"className":40,"code":69533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69535,69536,69546,69560,69574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69537,69538,69540,69542,69544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69539,103],{"class":102},[47,69541,106],{"class":61},[47,69543,269],{"class":92},[47,69545,216],{"class":61},[47,69547,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69549,103],{"class":102},[47,69551,106],{"class":61},[47,69553,969],{"class":102},[47,69555,106],{"class":61},[47,69557,269],{"class":92},[47,69559,1978],{"class":61},[47,69561,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,69563,103],{"class":102},[47,69565,106],{"class":61},[47,69567,1971],{"class":882},[47,69569,106],{"class":61},[47,69571,269],{"class":92},[47,69573,1978],{"class":61},[47,69575,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,69577,103],{"class":102},[47,69579,106],{"class":61},[47,69581,269],{"class":92},[47,69583,229],{"class":61},[47,69585,2403],{"class":65},[47,69587,2040],{"class":61},[20,69589,69590],{},"These help you verify:",[138,69592,69593,69596,69598,69601],{},[141,69594,69595],{},"what the variable contains",[141,69597,61046],{},[141,69599,69600],{},"whether it is really a list",[141,69602,69603],{},"what the first item is",[20,69605,69606,69607,69610],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69608,69609],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[33,69612,5227,69614,69616],{"id":69613},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69615,42627],{}," with lists",[20,69618,69619,69620,69622],{},"You will often use ",[15,69621,42627],{}," in real programs.",[20,69624,9638],{},[138,69626,69627,69629,69632,69635],{},[141,69628,52039],{},[141,69630,69631],{},"Control loops",[141,69633,69634],{},"Validate input or results",[141,69636,69637],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69639,69640],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,69642,69644],{"className":40,"code":69643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69645,69646,69666,69682,69686,69700,69714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69647,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69649,2834],{"class":53},[47,69651,58],{"class":57},[47,69653,62],{"class":61},[47,69655,232],{"class":65},[47,69657,69],{"class":61},[47,69659,77],{"class":65},[47,69661,69],{"class":61},[47,69663,442],{"class":65},[47,69665,80],{"class":61},[47,69667,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69669,2862],{"class":53},[47,69671,58],{"class":57},[47,69673,62],{"class":61},[47,69675,437],{"class":65},[47,69677,69],{"class":61},[47,69679,8054],{"class":65},[47,69681,80],{"class":61},[47,69683,69684],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,69685,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,69687,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,69689,103],{"class":102},[47,69691,106],{"class":61},[47,69693,969],{"class":102},[47,69695,106],{"class":61},[47,69697,252],{"class":92},[47,69699,1978],{"class":61},[47,69701,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,69703,103],{"class":102},[47,69705,106],{"class":61},[47,69707,969],{"class":102},[47,69709,106],{"class":61},[47,69711,5026],{"class":92},[47,69713,1978],{"class":61},[47,69715,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,69717,103],{"class":102},[47,69719,106],{"class":61},[47,69721,969],{"class":102},[47,69723,106],{"class":61},[47,69725,252],{"class":92},[47,69727,111],{"class":61},[47,69729,38660],{"class":57},[47,69731,38650],{"class":102},[47,69733,106],{"class":61},[47,69735,5026],{"class":92},[47,69737,1978],{"class":61},[20,69739,219],{},[38,69741,69743],{"className":40,"code":69742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69744,69745,69749,69753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69746,69747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69748,46885],{"class":65},[47,69750,69751],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69752,17321],{"class":65},[47,69754,69755],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,69756,4249],{"class":284},[20,69758,69759],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,69761,69763],{"className":40,"code":69762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69764,69765,69797,69801,69823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69766,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69768,5261],{"class":53},[47,69770,58],{"class":57},[47,69772,62],{"class":61},[47,69774,633],{"class":632},[47,69776,13143],{"class":636},[47,69778,633],{"class":632},[47,69780,69],{"class":61},[47,69782,644],{"class":632},[47,69784,36207],{"class":636},[47,69786,633],{"class":632},[47,69788,69],{"class":61},[47,69790,644],{"class":632},[47,69792,36216],{"class":636},[47,69794,633],{"class":632},[47,69796,80],{"class":61},[47,69798,69799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69800,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,69802,69803,69805,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,69804,6224],{"class":2027},[47,69806,69807],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69809,2034],{"class":2027},[47,69811,54340],{"class":102},[47,69813,106],{"class":61},[47,69815,969],{"class":102},[47,69817,106],{"class":61},[47,69819,5304],{"class":92},[47,69821,69822],{"class":61},")):\n",[47,69824,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69836,69838,69840],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,69826,8333],{"class":102},[47,69828,106],{"class":61},[47,69830,36419],{"class":92},[47,69832,69],{"class":61},[47,69834,69835],{"class":92}," names",[47,69837,229],{"class":61},[47,69839,36419],{"class":92},[47,69841,2040],{"class":61},[20,69843,219],{},[38,69845,69846],{"className":40,"code":36265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69847,69848,69854,69860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69849,69850,69852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69851,2403],{"class":65},[47,69853,36274],{"class":53},[47,69855,69856,69858],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,69857,232],{"class":65},[47,69859,36281],{"class":53},[47,69861,69862,69864],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,69863,2340],{"class":65},[47,69865,36288],{"class":53},[20,69867,69868,69869,89],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[252,69870,69872],{"href":69871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69874,69875,69876,69878],{},"You can also read ",[252,69877,51816],{"href":51815}," for a task-focused guide.",[33,69880,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,69882,69884],{"id":69883},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69886,118,69887,69890],{},[15,69888,69889],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1404,69892,5408,69894,12978],{"id":69893},"what-does-len-return",[15,69895,69896],{},"len([])",[20,69898,5414,69899,69901],{},[15,69900,2403],{}," because the list is empty.",[1404,69903,69905],{"id":69904},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69907,69908],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1404,69910,28593,69912,69914],{"id":69911},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69913,69090],{}," in Python?",[20,69916,30536,69917,8487,69919,69921],{},[15,69918,68536],{},[15,69920,42627],{}," is a built-in function.",[33,69923,2187],{"id":2186},[138,69925,69926,69932,69936,69940,69944],{},[141,69927,69928],{},[252,69929,1386,69930,3785],{"href":42624},[15,69931,42627],{},[141,69933,69934],{},[252,69935,52860],{"href":51815},[141,69937,69938],{},[252,69939,53041],{"href":254},[141,69941,69942],{},[252,69943,69518],{"href":69517},[141,69945,69946],{},[252,69947,69948],{"href":69871},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2210,69950,69951],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":69953},[69954,69955,69957,69958,69959,69960,69968,69970,69978],{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":68528,"depth":83,"text":69956},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":68797,"depth":83,"text":68798},{"id":68938,"depth":83,"text":68939},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":69961},[69962,69964,69965,69966],{"id":69087,"depth":99,"text":69963},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25951,"depth":99,"text":25952},{"id":69267,"depth":99,"text":69268},{"id":69521,"depth":99,"text":69967},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69613,"depth":83,"text":69969},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":69971},[69972,69973,69975,69976],{"id":69883,"depth":99,"text":69884},{"id":69893,"depth":99,"text":69974},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69904,"depth":99,"text":69905},{"id":69911,"depth":99,"text":69977},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68423,"description":69979},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69985,"title":69986,"body":69987,"description":71969,"extension":2248,"meta":71970,"navigation":203,"path":71971,"seo":71972,"stem":71973,"__hash__":71974},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69988,"toc":71942},[69989,69992,69997,70000,70008,70021,70023,70088,70090,70112,70117,70121,70126,70134,70136,70146,70148,70229,70231,70261,70263,70282,70287,70304,70306,70390,70392,70422,70427,70431,70437,70521,70523,70553,70556,70560,70563,70654,70656,70694,70697,70782,70784,70814,70820,70827,70831,70836,70845,70847,70932,70934,70963,70966,70974,70978,70982,70991,71014,71016,71038,71040,71054,71056,71116,71120,71125,71164,71166,71183,71185,71195,71294,71299,71303,71308,71351,71353,71381,71383,71397,71472,71474,71496,71500,71503,71508,71519,71524,71532,71535,71606,71608,71633,71690,71692,71713,71722,71730,71735,71737,71742,71763,71766,71841,71844,71858,71865,71867,71871,71877,71881,71891,71895,71902,71906,71912,71914,71939],[10,69990,69986],{"id":69991},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69993,69994,69996],{},[15,69995,55349],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69998,69999],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[138,70001,70002,70005],{},[141,70003,70004],{},"delete an item from a list",[141,70006,70007],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70009,70010,70011,70013,70014,8968,70016,70020],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70012,13025],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70015,13025],{},[252,70017,70018],{"href":55339},[15,70019,55795],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[33,70022,36],{"id":35},[38,70024,70026],{"className":40,"code":70025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70027,70028,70048,70063,70067,70078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70029,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70031,54],{"class":53},[47,70033,58],{"class":57},[47,70035,62],{"class":61},[47,70037,437],{"class":65},[47,70039,69],{"class":61},[47,70041,8054],{"class":65},[47,70043,69],{"class":61},[47,70045,8059],{"class":65},[47,70047,80],{"class":61},[47,70049,70050,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70051,70052],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,70054,58],{"class":57},[47,70056,1447],{"class":53},[47,70058,89],{"class":61},[47,70060,26505],{"class":92},[47,70062,96],{"class":61},[47,70064,70065],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70066,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70068,70069,70071,70073,70076],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70070,103],{"class":102},[47,70072,106],{"class":61},[47,70074,70075],{"class":92},"last_item",[47,70077,216],{"class":61},[47,70079,70080,70082,70084,70086],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70081,103],{"class":102},[47,70083,106],{"class":61},[47,70085,86],{"class":92},[47,70087,216],{"class":61},[20,70089,219],{},[38,70091,70093],{"className":40,"code":70092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70094,70095,70100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70096,70097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70098,70099],{"class":65},"30\n",[47,70101,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70103,229],{"class":61},[47,70105,437],{"class":65},[47,70107,69],{"class":61},[47,70109,8054],{"class":65},[47,70111,80],{"class":61},[20,70113,118,70114,70116],{},[15,70115,13025],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[33,70118,70120],{"id":70119},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70122,70123,70125],{},[15,70124,13025],{}," has two main jobs:",[138,70127,70128,70131],{},[141,70129,70130],{},"It removes one item from a list",[141,70132,70133],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70135,43917],{},[138,70137,70138,70141,70144],{},[141,70139,70140],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[141,70142,70143],{},"It changes the original list",[141,70145,53015],{},[20,70147,318],{},[38,70149,70151],{"className":40,"code":70150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70152,70153,70185,70189,70204,70208,70219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70154,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70156,13339],{"class":53},[47,70158,58],{"class":57},[47,70160,62],{"class":61},[47,70162,633],{"class":632},[47,70164,13356],{"class":636},[47,70166,633],{"class":632},[47,70168,69],{"class":61},[47,70170,644],{"class":632},[47,70172,17721],{"class":636},[47,70174,633],{"class":632},[47,70176,69],{"class":61},[47,70178,644],{"class":632},[47,70180,13373],{"class":636},[47,70182,633],{"class":632},[47,70184,80],{"class":61},[47,70186,70187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70188,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70190,70191,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70192,70193],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,70195,58],{"class":57},[47,70197,13387],{"class":53},[47,70199,89],{"class":61},[47,70201,26505],{"class":92},[47,70203,96],{"class":61},[47,70205,70206],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70207,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70209,70210,70212,70214,70217],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70211,103],{"class":102},[47,70213,106],{"class":61},[47,70215,70216],{"class":92},"removed",[47,70218,216],{"class":61},[47,70220,70221,70223,70225,70227],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70222,103],{"class":102},[47,70224,106],{"class":61},[47,70226,17768],{"class":92},[47,70228,216],{"class":61},[20,70230,219],{},[38,70232,70234],{"className":40,"code":70233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70235,70236,70241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70237,70238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70239,70240],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,70242,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70244,229],{"class":61},[47,70246,699],{"class":632},[47,70248,13356],{"class":636},[47,70250,699],{"class":632},[47,70252,69],{"class":61},[47,70254,708],{"class":632},[47,70256,17721],{"class":636},[47,70258,699],{"class":632},[47,70260,80],{"class":61},[33,70262,259],{"id":258},[38,70264,70266],{"className":40,"code":70265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70267,70268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70269,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70271,8358],{"class":882},[47,70273,89],{"class":61},[47,70275,26505],{"class":92},[47,70277,2015],{"class":61},[47,70279,36112],{"class":92},[47,70281,2040],{"class":61},[20,70283,956,70284,70286],{},[15,70285,36112],{}," is optional.",[138,70288,70289,70295,70301],{},[141,70290,70291,70292,70294],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70293,13025],{}," removes the last item",[141,70296,70297,70298,70300],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70299,13025],{}," removes the item at that position",[141,70302,70303],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70305,318],{},[38,70307,70309],{"className":40,"code":70308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70310,70311,70343,70347,70366,70370,70380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70312,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70323,70325,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70314,1639],{"class":53},[47,70316,58],{"class":57},[47,70318,62],{"class":61},[47,70320,633],{"class":632},[47,70322,252],{"class":636},[47,70324,633],{"class":632},[47,70326,69],{"class":61},[47,70328,644],{"class":632},[47,70330,5026],{"class":636},[47,70332,633],{"class":632},[47,70334,69],{"class":61},[47,70336,644],{"class":632},[47,70338,10004],{"class":636},[47,70340,633],{"class":632},[47,70342,80],{"class":61},[47,70344,70345],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70346,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70348,70349,70351,70353,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70350,28803],{"class":53},[47,70352,58],{"class":57},[47,70354,70355],{"class":53}," letters",[47,70357,89],{"class":61},[47,70359,26505],{"class":92},[47,70361,106],{"class":61},[47,70363,232],{"class":65},[47,70365,216],{"class":61},[47,70367,70368],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70369,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70373,103],{"class":102},[47,70375,106],{"class":61},[47,70377,2022],{"class":92},[47,70379,216],{"class":61},[47,70381,70382,70384,70386,70388],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70383,103],{"class":102},[47,70385,106],{"class":61},[47,70387,1659],{"class":92},[47,70389,216],{"class":61},[20,70391,219],{},[38,70393,70395],{"className":40,"code":70394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70396,70397,70402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70398,70399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70400,70401],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70403,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70405,229],{"class":61},[47,70407,699],{"class":632},[47,70409,252],{"class":636},[47,70411,699],{"class":632},[47,70413,69],{"class":61},[47,70415,708],{"class":632},[47,70417,10004],{"class":636},[47,70419,699],{"class":632},[47,70421,80],{"class":61},[20,70423,70424,70425,89],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[252,70426,53041],{"href":254},[33,70428,70430],{"id":70429},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70432,70433,70434,70436],{},"When you call ",[15,70435,13025],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,70438,70440],{"className":40,"code":70439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70441,70442,70477,70481,70496,70500,70511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70443,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452,70455,70457,70459,70461,70464,70466,70468,70470,70473,70475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70445,30163],{"class":53},[47,70447,58],{"class":57},[47,70449,62],{"class":61},[47,70451,633],{"class":632},[47,70453,70454],{"class":636},"write",[47,70456,633],{"class":632},[47,70458,69],{"class":61},[47,70460,644],{"class":632},[47,70462,70463],{"class":636},"test",[47,70465,633],{"class":632},[47,70467,69],{"class":61},[47,70469,644],{"class":632},[47,70471,70472],{"class":636},"submit",[47,70474,633],{"class":632},[47,70476,80],{"class":61},[47,70478,70479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70480,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70482,70483,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70484,70485],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70487,58],{"class":57},[47,70489,30241],{"class":53},[47,70491,89],{"class":61},[47,70493,26505],{"class":92},[47,70495,96],{"class":61},[47,70497,70498],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70499,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70501,70502,70504,70506,70509],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70503,103],{"class":102},[47,70505,106],{"class":61},[47,70507,70508],{"class":92},"last_task",[47,70510,216],{"class":61},[47,70512,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70514,103],{"class":102},[47,70516,106],{"class":61},[47,70518,36771],{"class":92},[47,70520,216],{"class":61},[20,70522,219],{},[38,70524,70526],{"className":40,"code":70525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70527,70528,70533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70529,70530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70531,70532],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70534,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70536,229],{"class":61},[47,70538,699],{"class":632},[47,70540,70454],{"class":636},[47,70542,699],{"class":632},[47,70544,69],{"class":61},[47,70546,708],{"class":632},[47,70548,70463],{"class":636},[47,70550,699],{"class":632},[47,70552,80],{"class":61},[20,70554,70555],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[33,70557,70559],{"id":70558},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70561,70562],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,70564,70566],{"className":40,"code":70565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70567,70568,70608,70612,70630,70634,70644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70571,36504],{"class":53},[47,70573,58],{"class":57},[47,70575,62],{"class":61},[47,70577,633],{"class":632},[47,70579,647],{"class":636},[47,70581,633],{"class":632},[47,70583,69],{"class":61},[47,70585,644],{"class":632},[47,70587,637],{"class":636},[47,70589,633],{"class":632},[47,70591,69],{"class":61},[47,70593,644],{"class":632},[47,70595,656],{"class":636},[47,70597,633],{"class":632},[47,70599,69],{"class":61},[47,70601,644],{"class":632},[47,70603,33488],{"class":636},[47,70605,633],{"class":632},[47,70607,80],{"class":61},[47,70609,70610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70611,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70613,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70615,70193],{"class":53},[47,70617,58],{"class":57},[47,70619,53121],{"class":53},[47,70621,89],{"class":61},[47,70623,26505],{"class":92},[47,70625,106],{"class":61},[47,70627,232],{"class":65},[47,70629,216],{"class":61},[47,70631,70632],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70633,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70637,103],{"class":102},[47,70639,106],{"class":61},[47,70641,70216],{"class":92},[47,70643,216],{"class":61},[47,70645,70646,70648,70650,70652],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70647,103],{"class":102},[47,70649,106],{"class":61},[47,70651,36556],{"class":92},[47,70653,216],{"class":61},[20,70655,219],{},[38,70657,70659],{"className":40,"code":70658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70660,70661,70666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70662,70663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70664,70665],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70667,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70669,229],{"class":61},[47,70671,699],{"class":632},[47,70673,647],{"class":636},[47,70675,699],{"class":632},[47,70677,69],{"class":61},[47,70679,708],{"class":632},[47,70681,656],{"class":636},[47,70683,699],{"class":632},[47,70685,69],{"class":61},[47,70687,708],{"class":632},[47,70689,33488],{"class":636},[47,70691,699],{"class":632},[47,70693,80],{"class":61},[20,70695,70696],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,70698,70700],{"className":40,"code":70699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70701,70702,70734,70738,70758,70762,70772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70703,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70705,36504],{"class":53},[47,70707,58],{"class":57},[47,70709,62],{"class":61},[47,70711,633],{"class":632},[47,70713,647],{"class":636},[47,70715,633],{"class":632},[47,70717,69],{"class":61},[47,70719,644],{"class":632},[47,70721,637],{"class":636},[47,70723,633],{"class":632},[47,70725,69],{"class":61},[47,70727,644],{"class":632},[47,70729,656],{"class":636},[47,70731,633],{"class":632},[47,70733,80],{"class":61},[47,70735,70736],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70737,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70739,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70741,70193],{"class":53},[47,70743,58],{"class":57},[47,70745,53121],{"class":53},[47,70747,89],{"class":61},[47,70749,26505],{"class":92},[47,70751,106],{"class":61},[47,70753,2306],{"class":57},[47,70755,232],{"class":65},[47,70757,216],{"class":61},[47,70759,70760],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70761,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70765,103],{"class":102},[47,70767,106],{"class":61},[47,70769,70216],{"class":92},[47,70771,216],{"class":61},[47,70773,70774,70776,70778,70780],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70775,103],{"class":102},[47,70777,106],{"class":61},[47,70779,36556],{"class":92},[47,70781,216],{"class":61},[20,70783,219],{},[38,70785,70787],{"className":40,"code":70786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70788,70789,70794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70790,70791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70792,70793],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70795,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70797,229],{"class":61},[47,70799,699],{"class":632},[47,70801,647],{"class":636},[47,70803,699],{"class":632},[47,70805,69],{"class":61},[47,70807,708],{"class":632},[47,70809,637],{"class":636},[47,70811,699],{"class":632},[47,70813,80],{"class":61},[20,70815,70816,70817,70819],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70818,66114],{}," means the last item.",[20,70821,70822,70823,89],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[252,70824,70825,11006],{"href":59230},[15,70826,65125],{},[33,70828,70830],{"id":70829},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70832,70833,70835],{},[15,70834,13025],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70837,70838,70839,1233,70841,89],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70840,13025],{},[252,70842,70843],{"href":55339},[15,70844,55795],{},[20,70846,318],{},[38,70848,70850],{"className":40,"code":70849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70851,70852,70884,70888,70907,70911,70922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70853,70854,70856,70858,70860,70862,70864,70866,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70855,5261],{"class":53},[47,70857,58],{"class":57},[47,70859,62],{"class":61},[47,70861,633],{"class":632},[47,70863,13143],{"class":636},[47,70865,633],{"class":632},[47,70867,69],{"class":61},[47,70869,644],{"class":632},[47,70871,36207],{"class":636},[47,70873,633],{"class":632},[47,70875,69],{"class":61},[47,70877,644],{"class":632},[47,70879,36216],{"class":636},[47,70881,633],{"class":632},[47,70883,80],{"class":61},[47,70885,70886],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70887,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70889,70890,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,70891,70892],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70894,58],{"class":57},[47,70896,69835],{"class":53},[47,70898,89],{"class":61},[47,70900,26505],{"class":92},[47,70902,106],{"class":61},[47,70904,2403],{"class":65},[47,70906,216],{"class":61},[47,70908,70909],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,70910,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,70912,70913,70915,70917,70920],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,70914,103],{"class":102},[47,70916,106],{"class":61},[47,70918,70919],{"class":92},"removed_name",[47,70921,216],{"class":61},[47,70923,70924,70926,70928,70930],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,70925,103],{"class":102},[47,70927,106],{"class":61},[47,70929,5304],{"class":92},[47,70931,216],{"class":61},[20,70933,219],{},[38,70935,70937],{"className":40,"code":70936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70938,70939,70943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70940,70941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70942,50309],{"class":53},[47,70944,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,70946,229],{"class":61},[47,70948,699],{"class":632},[47,70950,36207],{"class":636},[47,70952,699],{"class":632},[47,70954,69],{"class":61},[47,70956,708],{"class":632},[47,70958,36216],{"class":636},[47,70960,699],{"class":632},[47,70962,80],{"class":61},[20,70964,70965],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70967,70968,70969,70971,70972,89],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70970,55795],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70973,124],{},[33,70975,70977],{"id":70976},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1404,70979,70981],{"id":70980},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70983,70984,70985,70987,70988,89],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70986,13025],{}," raises an ",[15,70989,70990],{},"IndexError",[38,70992,70994],{"className":40,"code":70993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70995,70996,71004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70997,70998,71000,71002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70999,1536],{"class":53},[47,71001,58],{"class":57},[47,71003,8102],{"class":61},[47,71005,71006,71008,71010,71012],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71007,1562],{"class":53},[47,71009,89],{"class":61},[47,71011,26505],{"class":92},[47,71013,96],{"class":61},[20,71015,219],{},[38,71017,71019],{"className":40,"code":71018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71020,71021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71022,71023,71025,71027,71030,71033,71036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71024,70990],{"class":882},[47,71026,136],{"class":61},[47,71028,71029],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,71031,71032],{"class":2027},"from",[47,71034,71035],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,71037,50155],{"class":882},[20,71039,39526],{},[138,71041,71042,71047],{},[141,71043,71044,71045],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71046,13025],{},[141,71048,71049,71050,1233,71052],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71051,30069],{},[15,71053,30100],{},[20,71055,318],{},[38,71057,71059],{"className":40,"code":71058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71060,71061,71069,71073,71081,71095,71101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71062,71063,71065,71067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71064,1536],{"class":53},[47,71066,58],{"class":57},[47,71068,8102],{"class":61},[47,71070,71071],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71072,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,71074,71075,71077,71079],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71076,7262],{"class":2027},[47,71078,6231],{"class":53},[47,71080,6657],{"class":61},[47,71082,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71084,8333],{"class":102},[47,71086,106],{"class":61},[47,71088,1562],{"class":92},[47,71090,89],{"class":61},[47,71092,26505],{"class":92},[47,71094,1993],{"class":61},[47,71096,71097,71099],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,71098,27698],{"class":2027},[47,71100,6657],{"class":61},[47,71102,71103,71105,71107,71109,71112,71114],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,71104,8333],{"class":102},[47,71106,106],{"class":61},[47,71108,633],{"class":632},[47,71110,71111],{"class":636},"The list is empty.",[47,71113,633],{"class":632},[47,71115,216],{"class":61},[1404,71117,71119],{"id":71118},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71121,71122,71123,89],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71124,70990],{},[38,71126,71128],{"className":40,"code":71127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71129,71130,71150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71131,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146,71148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71133,54],{"class":53},[47,71135,58],{"class":57},[47,71137,62],{"class":61},[47,71139,437],{"class":65},[47,71141,69],{"class":61},[47,71143,8054],{"class":65},[47,71145,69],{"class":61},[47,71147,8059],{"class":65},[47,71149,80],{"class":61},[47,71151,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71153,86],{"class":53},[47,71155,89],{"class":61},[47,71157,26505],{"class":92},[47,71159,106],{"class":61},[47,71161,173],{"class":65},[47,71163,216],{"class":61},[20,71165,219],{},[38,71167,71169],{"className":40,"code":71168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71170,71171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71172,71173,71175,71177,71180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71174,70990],{"class":882},[47,71176,136],{"class":61},[47,71178,71179],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,71181,71182],{"class":102},"range\n",[20,71184,39526],{},[138,71186,71187,71192],{},[141,71188,71189,71190],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71191,42627],{},[141,71193,71194],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,71196,71198],{"className":40,"code":71197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71199,71200,71220,71229,71233,71255,71273,71279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71201,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71203,54],{"class":53},[47,71205,58],{"class":57},[47,71207,62],{"class":61},[47,71209,437],{"class":65},[47,71211,69],{"class":61},[47,71213,8054],{"class":65},[47,71215,69],{"class":61},[47,71217,8059],{"class":65},[47,71219,80],{"class":61},[47,71221,71222,71225,71227],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71223,71224],{"class":53},"index ",[47,71226,58],{"class":57},[47,71228,45857],{"class":65},[47,71230,71231],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71232,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,71234,71235,71237,71239,71242,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71236,7262],{"class":2027},[47,71238,4106],{"class":65},[47,71240,71241],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,71243,71244],{"class":53}," index ",[47,71246,3568],{"class":57},[47,71248,38650],{"class":102},[47,71250,106],{"class":61},[47,71252,86],{"class":92},[47,71254,8606],{"class":61},[47,71256,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,71258,8333],{"class":102},[47,71260,106],{"class":61},[47,71262,86],{"class":92},[47,71264,89],{"class":61},[47,71266,26505],{"class":92},[47,71268,106],{"class":61},[47,71270,36112],{"class":92},[47,71272,1978],{"class":61},[47,71274,71275,71277],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,71276,27698],{"class":2027},[47,71278,6657],{"class":61},[47,71280,71281,71283,71285,71287,71290,71292],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,71282,8333],{"class":102},[47,71284,106],{"class":61},[47,71286,633],{"class":632},[47,71288,71289],{"class":636},"Index is out of range.",[47,71291,633],{"class":632},[47,71293,216],{"class":61},[20,71295,71296,71297,89],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[252,71298,69518],{"href":69517},[1404,71300,71302],{"id":71301},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71304,71305,71307],{},[15,71306,13025],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,71309,71311],{"className":40,"code":71310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71312,71313,71333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71314,71315,71317,71319,71321,71323,71325,71327,71329,71331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71316,54],{"class":53},[47,71318,58],{"class":57},[47,71320,62],{"class":61},[47,71322,437],{"class":65},[47,71324,69],{"class":61},[47,71326,8054],{"class":65},[47,71328,69],{"class":61},[47,71330,8059],{"class":65},[47,71332,80],{"class":61},[47,71334,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345,71347,71349],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71336,86],{"class":53},[47,71338,89],{"class":61},[47,71340,26505],{"class":92},[47,71342,106],{"class":61},[47,71344,633],{"class":632},[47,71346,232],{"class":636},[47,71348,633],{"class":632},[47,71350,216],{"class":61},[20,71352,219],{},[38,71354,71356],{"className":40,"code":71355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71357,71358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71359,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71375,71378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71361,1574],{"class":882},[47,71363,136],{"class":61},[47,71365,708],{"class":632},[47,71367,883],{"class":636},[47,71369,699],{"class":632},[47,71371,24882],{"class":882},[47,71373,71374],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,71376,71377],{"class":2027},"as",[47,71379,71380],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,71382,39526],{},[138,71384,71385,71394],{},[141,71386,71387,71388,2472,71390,2476,71392],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71389,2403],{},[15,71391,232],{},[15,71393,66114],{},[141,71395,71396],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,71398,71400],{"className":40,"code":71399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71401,71402,71422,71440,71444,71462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71403,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418,71420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71405,54],{"class":53},[47,71407,58],{"class":57},[47,71409,62],{"class":61},[47,71411,437],{"class":65},[47,71413,69],{"class":61},[47,71415,8054],{"class":65},[47,71417,69],{"class":61},[47,71419,8059],{"class":65},[47,71421,80],{"class":61},[47,71423,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71425,71224],{"class":53},[47,71427,58],{"class":57},[47,71429,45544],{"class":882},[47,71431,106],{"class":61},[47,71433,633],{"class":632},[47,71435,232],{"class":636},[47,71437,633],{"class":632},[47,71439,216],{"class":61},[47,71441,71442],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71443,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,71445,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71447,103],{"class":102},[47,71449,106],{"class":61},[47,71451,86],{"class":92},[47,71453,89],{"class":61},[47,71455,26505],{"class":92},[47,71457,106],{"class":61},[47,71459,36112],{"class":92},[47,71461,1978],{"class":61},[47,71463,71464,71466,71468,71470],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,71465,103],{"class":102},[47,71467,106],{"class":61},[47,71469,86],{"class":92},[47,71471,216],{"class":61},[20,71473,219],{},[38,71475,71477],{"className":40,"code":71476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71478,71479,71484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71480,71481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71482,71483],{"class":65},"20\n",[47,71485,71486,71488,71490,71492,71494],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71487,229],{"class":61},[47,71489,437],{"class":65},[47,71491,69],{"class":61},[47,71493,8059],{"class":65},[47,71495,80],{"class":61},[33,71497,71499],{"id":71498},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71501,71502],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1404,71504,118,71506,10866],{"id":71505},"use-pop-when",[15,71507,13025],{},[138,71509,71510,71513,71516],{},[141,71511,71512],{},"you want to remove by index",[141,71514,71515],{},"you want the removed item returned",[141,71517,71518],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1404,71520,118,71522,10866],{"id":71521},"use-remove-when",[15,71523,55795],{},[138,71525,71526,71529],{},[141,71527,71528],{},"you want to remove by value",[141,71530,71531],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71533,71534],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,71536,71538],{"className":40,"code":71537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71539,71540,71564,71568,71586,71596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71541,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71543,54],{"class":53},[47,71545,58],{"class":57},[47,71547,62],{"class":61},[47,71549,437],{"class":65},[47,71551,69],{"class":61},[47,71553,8054],{"class":65},[47,71555,69],{"class":61},[47,71557,8059],{"class":65},[47,71559,69],{"class":61},[47,71561,8054],{"class":65},[47,71563,80],{"class":61},[47,71565,71566],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71567,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,71569,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71571,70193],{"class":53},[47,71573,58],{"class":57},[47,71575,1447],{"class":53},[47,71577,89],{"class":61},[47,71579,26505],{"class":92},[47,71581,106],{"class":61},[47,71583,232],{"class":65},[47,71585,216],{"class":61},[47,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71589,103],{"class":102},[47,71591,106],{"class":61},[47,71593,70216],{"class":92},[47,71595,216],{"class":61},[47,71597,71598,71600,71602,71604],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,71599,103],{"class":102},[47,71601,106],{"class":61},[47,71603,86],{"class":92},[47,71605,216],{"class":61},[20,71607,219],{},[38,71609,71611],{"className":40,"code":71610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71612,71613,71617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71614,71615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71616,71483],{"class":65},[47,71618,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71620,229],{"class":61},[47,71622,437],{"class":65},[47,71624,69],{"class":61},[47,71626,8059],{"class":65},[47,71628,69],{"class":61},[47,71630,8054],{"class":65},[47,71632,80],{"class":61},[38,71634,71636],{"className":40,"code":71635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71637,71638,71662,71666,71680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71639,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71641,54],{"class":53},[47,71643,58],{"class":57},[47,71645,62],{"class":61},[47,71647,437],{"class":65},[47,71649,69],{"class":61},[47,71651,8054],{"class":65},[47,71653,69],{"class":61},[47,71655,8059],{"class":65},[47,71657,69],{"class":61},[47,71659,8054],{"class":65},[47,71661,80],{"class":61},[47,71663,71664],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71665,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,71667,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71669,86],{"class":53},[47,71671,89],{"class":61},[47,71673,35060],{"class":92},[47,71675,106],{"class":61},[47,71677,16019],{"class":65},[47,71679,216],{"class":61},[47,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71683,103],{"class":102},[47,71685,106],{"class":61},[47,71687,86],{"class":92},[47,71689,216],{"class":61},[20,71691,219],{},[38,71693,71695],{"className":40,"code":71694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71696,71697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71698,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71700,229],{"class":61},[47,71702,437],{"class":65},[47,71704,69],{"class":61},[47,71706,8059],{"class":65},[47,71708,69],{"class":61},[47,71710,8054],{"class":65},[47,71712,80],{"class":61},[20,71714,71715,71716,71719,71720,89],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71717,71718],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71721,232],{},[20,71723,56870,71724,71727,71728,89],{},[15,71725,71726],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71729,16019],{},[20,71731,71732,71733,89],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[252,71734,55335],{"href":55334},[33,71736,1397],{"id":1396},[20,71738,71739,71740,136],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71741,13025],{},[138,71743,71744,71747,71750,71756,71760],{},[141,71745,71746],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[141,71748,71749],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[141,71751,37468,71752,8968,71754],{},[15,71753,13025],{},[15,71755,55795],{},[141,71757,8717,71758,62234],{},[15,71759,13025],{},[141,71761,71762],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71764,71765],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,71767,71769],{"className":40,"code":71768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71770,71771,71781,71795,71809,71827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71772,71773,71775,71777,71779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71774,103],{"class":102},[47,71776,106],{"class":61},[47,71778,269],{"class":92},[47,71780,216],{"class":61},[47,71782,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,71784,103],{"class":102},[47,71786,106],{"class":61},[47,71788,969],{"class":102},[47,71790,106],{"class":61},[47,71792,269],{"class":92},[47,71794,1978],{"class":61},[47,71796,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,71798,103],{"class":102},[47,71800,106],{"class":61},[47,71802,269],{"class":92},[47,71804,89],{"class":61},[47,71806,26505],{"class":92},[47,71808,1993],{"class":61},[47,71810,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,71812,103],{"class":102},[47,71814,106],{"class":61},[47,71816,269],{"class":92},[47,71818,89],{"class":61},[47,71820,26505],{"class":92},[47,71822,106],{"class":61},[47,71824,2403],{"class":65},[47,71826,1978],{"class":61},[47,71828,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,71830,103],{"class":102},[47,71832,106],{"class":61},[47,71834,1971],{"class":882},[47,71836,106],{"class":61},[47,71838,36112],{"class":92},[47,71840,1978],{"class":61},[20,71842,71843],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[138,71845,71846,71852],{},[141,71847,71848,71851],{},[15,71849,71850],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[141,71853,71854,71857],{},[15,71855,71856],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71859,71860,71861,71864],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71862,71863],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[33,71866,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,71868,71870],{"id":71869},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71872,71873,71874,71876],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71875,13025],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1404,71878,71880],{"id":71879},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71882,71883,71885,71886,71888,71889,89],{},[15,71884,13025],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71887,55795],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71890,124],{},[1404,71892,71894],{"id":71893},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71896,71897,71898,71901],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71899,71900],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1404,71903,71905],{"id":71904},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71907,71908,71909,71911],{},"Python raises ",[15,71910,70990],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[33,71913,2187],{"id":2186},[138,71915,71916,71920,71925,71930,71935],{},[141,71917,71918],{},[252,71919,55781],{"href":55334},[141,71921,71922],{},[252,71923,71924],{"href":55339},"Python list remove() method",[141,71926,71927],{},[252,71928,71929],{"href":59230},"Python list index() method",[141,71931,71932],{},[252,71933,71934],{"href":254},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[141,71936,71937],{},[252,71938,69518],{"href":69517},[2210,71940,71941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":71943},[71944,71945,71946,71947,71948,71949,71950,71955,71961,71962,71968],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":70119,"depth":83,"text":70120},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":70429,"depth":83,"text":70430},{"id":70558,"depth":83,"text":70559},{"id":70829,"depth":83,"text":70830},{"id":70976,"depth":83,"text":70977,"children":71951},[71952,71953,71954],{"id":70980,"depth":99,"text":70981},{"id":71118,"depth":99,"text":71119},{"id":71301,"depth":99,"text":71302},{"id":71498,"depth":83,"text":71499,"children":71956},[71957,71959],{"id":71505,"depth":99,"text":71958},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71521,"depth":99,"text":71960},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":71963},[71964,71965,71966,71967],{"id":71869,"depth":99,"text":71870},{"id":71879,"depth":99,"text":71880},{"id":71893,"depth":99,"text":71894},{"id":71904,"depth":99,"text":71905},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69986,"description":71969},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71976,"title":71977,"body":71978,"description":73764,"extension":2248,"meta":73765,"navigation":203,"path":73766,"seo":73767,"stem":73768,"__hash__":73769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71979,"toc":73746},[71980,71983,71988,71994,71996,72066,72072,72076,72081,72102,72105,72172,72174,72195,72203,72205,72224,72240,72242,72307,72309,72334,72336,72338,72403,72405,72430,72432,72446,72449,72502,72504,72525,72529,72537,72610,72612,72645,72651,72657,72748,72750,72775,72781,72870,72872,72896,72898,72902,72957,72959,72991,72994,72997,73091,73093,73126,73132,73138,73142,73149,73175,73179,73244,73246,73271,73275,73356,73358,73387,73392,73397,73403,73407,73414,73436,73440,73499,73501,73525,73534,73539,73541,73545,73574,73576,73651,73654,73668,73674,73676,73680,73683,73687,73692,73696,73705,73709,73717,73719,73743],[10,71981,71977],{"id":71982},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71984,956,71985,71987],{},[15,71986,55342],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71989,71990,71991,71993],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[4015,71992,2753],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[33,71995,36],{"id":35},[38,71997,71999],{"className":40,"code":71998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72000,72001,72033,72051,72061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72002,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72004,1536],{"class":53},[47,72006,58],{"class":57},[47,72008,62],{"class":61},[47,72010,633],{"class":632},[47,72012,647],{"class":636},[47,72014,633],{"class":632},[47,72016,69],{"class":61},[47,72018,644],{"class":632},[47,72020,637],{"class":636},[47,72022,633],{"class":632},[47,72024,69],{"class":61},[47,72026,644],{"class":632},[47,72028,33488],{"class":636},[47,72030,633],{"class":632},[47,72032,80],{"class":61},[47,72034,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72036,1562],{"class":53},[47,72038,89],{"class":61},[47,72040,35060],{"class":92},[47,72042,106],{"class":61},[47,72044,633],{"class":632},[47,72046,637],{"class":636},[47,72048,633],{"class":632},[47,72050,216],{"class":61},[47,72052,72053,72055,72057,72059],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72054,103],{"class":102},[47,72056,106],{"class":61},[47,72058,1562],{"class":92},[47,72060,216],{"class":61},[47,72062,72063],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,72064,72065],{"class":114},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72067,118,72068,72071],{},[15,72069,72070],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[33,72073,72075],{"id":72074},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72077,72078,72080],{},[15,72079,55795],{}," is a list method that:",[138,72082,72083,72089,72094,72099],{},[141,72084,72085,72086,72088],{},"Deletes the ",[4015,72087,30174],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[141,72090,72091,72092],{},"Changes the original list ",[4015,72093,11598],{},[141,72095,2082,72096,72098],{},[4015,72097,4896],{}," return a new list",[141,72100,72101],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72103,72104],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,72106,72108],{"className":40,"code":72107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72109,72110,72130,72148,72152,72162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72111,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72113,54],{"class":53},[47,72115,58],{"class":57},[47,72117,62],{"class":61},[47,72119,232],{"class":65},[47,72121,69],{"class":61},[47,72123,77],{"class":65},[47,72125,69],{"class":61},[47,72127,442],{"class":65},[47,72129,80],{"class":61},[47,72131,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72133,1442],{"class":53},[47,72135,58],{"class":57},[47,72137,1447],{"class":53},[47,72139,89],{"class":61},[47,72141,35060],{"class":92},[47,72143,106],{"class":61},[47,72145,2340],{"class":65},[47,72147,216],{"class":61},[47,72149,72150],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72151,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,72153,72154,72156,72158,72160],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,72155,103],{"class":102},[47,72157,106],{"class":61},[47,72159,86],{"class":92},[47,72161,216],{"class":61},[47,72163,72164,72166,72168,72170],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,72165,103],{"class":102},[47,72167,106],{"class":61},[47,72169,1466],{"class":92},[47,72171,216],{"class":61},[20,72173,219],{},[38,72175,72177],{"className":40,"code":72176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72178,72179,72191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72180,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72182,229],{"class":61},[47,72184,232],{"class":65},[47,72186,69],{"class":61},[47,72188,442],{"class":65},[47,72190,80],{"class":61},[47,72192,72193],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72194,1490],{"class":284},[20,72196,72197,72198,72200,72201,89],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72199,55795],{}," itself returned ",[15,72202,124],{},[33,72204,5698],{"id":5697},[38,72206,72208],{"className":40,"code":72207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72209,72210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72211,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72213,8358],{"class":882},[47,72215,89],{"class":61},[47,72217,35060],{"class":92},[47,72219,106],{"class":61},[47,72221,2753],{"class":92},[47,72223,216],{"class":61},[138,72225,72226,72231,72234],{},[141,72227,72228,72230],{},[15,72229,2753],{}," is the item you want to delete",[141,72232,72233],{},"Python searches from left to right",[141,72235,72236,72237,72239],{},"Only the ",[4015,72238,30174],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72241,318],{},[38,72243,72245],{"className":40,"code":72244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72246,72247,72279,72297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72250,1639],{"class":53},[47,72252,58],{"class":57},[47,72254,62],{"class":61},[47,72256,633],{"class":632},[47,72258,252],{"class":636},[47,72260,633],{"class":632},[47,72262,69],{"class":61},[47,72264,644],{"class":632},[47,72266,5026],{"class":636},[47,72268,633],{"class":632},[47,72270,69],{"class":61},[47,72272,644],{"class":632},[47,72274,10004],{"class":636},[47,72276,633],{"class":632},[47,72278,80],{"class":61},[47,72280,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72282,1659],{"class":53},[47,72284,89],{"class":61},[47,72286,35060],{"class":92},[47,72288,106],{"class":61},[47,72290,633],{"class":632},[47,72292,5026],{"class":636},[47,72294,633],{"class":632},[47,72296,216],{"class":61},[47,72298,72299,72301,72303,72305],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72300,103],{"class":102},[47,72302,106],{"class":61},[47,72304,1659],{"class":92},[47,72306,216],{"class":61},[20,72308,219],{},[38,72310,72312],{"className":40,"code":72311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72313,72314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72315,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72317,229],{"class":61},[47,72319,699],{"class":632},[47,72321,252],{"class":636},[47,72323,699],{"class":632},[47,72325,69],{"class":61},[47,72327,708],{"class":632},[47,72329,10004],{"class":636},[47,72331,699],{"class":632},[47,72333,80],{"class":61},[33,72335,6053],{"id":6052},[20,72337,65434],{},[38,72339,72341],{"className":40,"code":72340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72342,72343,72375,72393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72346,13339],{"class":53},[47,72348,58],{"class":57},[47,72350,62],{"class":61},[47,72352,633],{"class":632},[47,72354,13356],{"class":636},[47,72356,633],{"class":632},[47,72358,69],{"class":61},[47,72360,644],{"class":632},[47,72362,13373],{"class":636},[47,72364,633],{"class":632},[47,72366,69],{"class":61},[47,72368,644],{"class":632},[47,72370,17721],{"class":636},[47,72372,633],{"class":632},[47,72374,80],{"class":61},[47,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72378,17768],{"class":53},[47,72380,89],{"class":61},[47,72382,35060],{"class":92},[47,72384,106],{"class":61},[47,72386,633],{"class":632},[47,72388,13373],{"class":636},[47,72390,633],{"class":632},[47,72392,216],{"class":61},[47,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72396,103],{"class":102},[47,72398,106],{"class":61},[47,72400,17768],{"class":92},[47,72402,216],{"class":61},[20,72404,219],{},[38,72406,72408],{"className":40,"code":72407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72409,72410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72411,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72413,229],{"class":61},[47,72415,699],{"class":632},[47,72417,13356],{"class":636},[47,72419,699],{"class":632},[47,72421,69],{"class":61},[47,72423,708],{"class":632},[47,72425,17721],{"class":636},[47,72427,699],{"class":632},[47,72429,80],{"class":61},[20,72431,11948],{},[138,72433,72434,72437,72443],{},[141,72435,72436],{},"A list is created with three values",[141,72438,72439,72442],{},[15,72440,72441],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[141,72444,72445],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72447,72448],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,72450,72452],{"className":40,"code":72451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72453,72454,72478,72492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72457,5329],{"class":53},[47,72459,58],{"class":57},[47,72461,62],{"class":61},[47,72463,437],{"class":65},[47,72465,69],{"class":61},[47,72467,8054],{"class":65},[47,72469,69],{"class":61},[47,72471,8059],{"class":65},[47,72473,69],{"class":61},[47,72475,51113],{"class":65},[47,72477,80],{"class":61},[47,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72481,16654],{"class":53},[47,72483,89],{"class":61},[47,72485,35060],{"class":92},[47,72487,106],{"class":61},[47,72489,37105],{"class":65},[47,72491,216],{"class":61},[47,72493,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72495,103],{"class":102},[47,72497,106],{"class":61},[47,72499,16654],{"class":92},[47,72501,216],{"class":61},[20,72503,219],{},[38,72505,72507],{"className":40,"code":72506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72508,72509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72512,229],{"class":61},[47,72514,437],{"class":65},[47,72516,69],{"class":61},[47,72518,8054],{"class":65},[47,72520,69],{"class":61},[47,72522,51113],{"class":65},[47,72524,80],{"class":61},[33,72526,72528],{"id":72527},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72530,65424,72531,72533,72534,72536],{},[15,72532,55795],{}," deletes only the ",[4015,72535,30174],{}," one.",[38,72538,72540],{"className":40,"code":72539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72541,72542,72582,72600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72543,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72545,1536],{"class":53},[47,72547,58],{"class":57},[47,72549,62],{"class":61},[47,72551,633],{"class":632},[47,72553,647],{"class":636},[47,72555,633],{"class":632},[47,72557,69],{"class":61},[47,72559,644],{"class":632},[47,72561,637],{"class":636},[47,72563,633],{"class":632},[47,72565,69],{"class":61},[47,72567,644],{"class":632},[47,72569,647],{"class":636},[47,72571,633],{"class":632},[47,72573,69],{"class":61},[47,72575,644],{"class":632},[47,72577,33488],{"class":636},[47,72579,633],{"class":632},[47,72581,80],{"class":61},[47,72583,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72585,1562],{"class":53},[47,72587,89],{"class":61},[47,72589,35060],{"class":92},[47,72591,106],{"class":61},[47,72593,633],{"class":632},[47,72595,647],{"class":636},[47,72597,633],{"class":632},[47,72599,216],{"class":61},[47,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72603,103],{"class":102},[47,72605,106],{"class":61},[47,72607,1562],{"class":92},[47,72609,216],{"class":61},[20,72611,219],{},[38,72613,72615],{"className":40,"code":72614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72616,72617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72620,229],{"class":61},[47,72622,699],{"class":632},[47,72624,637],{"class":636},[47,72626,699],{"class":632},[47,72628,69],{"class":61},[47,72630,708],{"class":632},[47,72632,647],{"class":636},[47,72634,699],{"class":632},[47,72636,69],{"class":61},[47,72638,708],{"class":632},[47,72640,33488],{"class":636},[47,72642,699],{"class":632},[47,72644,80],{"class":61},[20,72646,72647,72648,72650],{},"Only the first ",[15,72649,58098],{}," was removed.",[20,72652,72653,72654,72656],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72655,55795],{}," again:",[38,72658,72660],{"className":40,"code":72659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72661,72662,72702,72720,72738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72665,1536],{"class":53},[47,72667,58],{"class":57},[47,72669,62],{"class":61},[47,72671,633],{"class":632},[47,72673,647],{"class":636},[47,72675,633],{"class":632},[47,72677,69],{"class":61},[47,72679,644],{"class":632},[47,72681,637],{"class":636},[47,72683,633],{"class":632},[47,72685,69],{"class":61},[47,72687,644],{"class":632},[47,72689,647],{"class":636},[47,72691,633],{"class":632},[47,72693,69],{"class":61},[47,72695,644],{"class":632},[47,72697,33488],{"class":636},[47,72699,633],{"class":632},[47,72701,80],{"class":61},[47,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72705,1562],{"class":53},[47,72707,89],{"class":61},[47,72709,35060],{"class":92},[47,72711,106],{"class":61},[47,72713,633],{"class":632},[47,72715,647],{"class":636},[47,72717,633],{"class":632},[47,72719,216],{"class":61},[47,72721,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72723,1562],{"class":53},[47,72725,89],{"class":61},[47,72727,35060],{"class":92},[47,72729,106],{"class":61},[47,72731,633],{"class":632},[47,72733,647],{"class":636},[47,72735,633],{"class":632},[47,72737,216],{"class":61},[47,72739,72740,72742,72744,72746],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,72741,103],{"class":102},[47,72743,106],{"class":61},[47,72745,1562],{"class":92},[47,72747,216],{"class":61},[20,72749,219],{},[38,72751,72753],{"className":40,"code":72752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72754,72755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72756,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72758,229],{"class":61},[47,72760,699],{"class":632},[47,72762,637],{"class":636},[47,72764,699],{"class":632},[47,72766,69],{"class":61},[47,72768,708],{"class":632},[47,72770,33488],{"class":636},[47,72772,699],{"class":632},[47,72774,80],{"class":61},[20,72776,72777,72778,72780],{},"If you need to remove ",[4015,72779,3987],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,72782,72784],{"className":40,"code":72783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72785,72786,72826,72860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72787,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72789,1536],{"class":53},[47,72791,58],{"class":57},[47,72793,62],{"class":61},[47,72795,633],{"class":632},[47,72797,647],{"class":636},[47,72799,633],{"class":632},[47,72801,69],{"class":61},[47,72803,644],{"class":632},[47,72805,637],{"class":636},[47,72807,633],{"class":632},[47,72809,69],{"class":61},[47,72811,644],{"class":632},[47,72813,647],{"class":636},[47,72815,633],{"class":632},[47,72817,69],{"class":61},[47,72819,644],{"class":632},[47,72821,33488],{"class":636},[47,72823,633],{"class":632},[47,72825,80],{"class":61},[47,72827,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72845,72847,72849,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72829,1536],{"class":53},[47,72831,58],{"class":57},[47,72833,62],{"class":61},[47,72835,28803],{"class":53},[47,72837,6224],{"class":2027},[47,72839,2031],{"class":53},[47,72841,2034],{"class":2027},[47,72843,72844],{"class":53}," items ",[47,72846,7262],{"class":2027},[47,72848,2031],{"class":53},[47,72850,72851],{"class":57},"!=",[47,72853,644],{"class":632},[47,72855,647],{"class":636},[47,72857,633],{"class":632},[47,72859,80],{"class":61},[47,72861,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,72863,103],{"class":102},[47,72865,106],{"class":61},[47,72867,1562],{"class":92},[47,72869,216],{"class":61},[20,72871,219],{},[38,72873,72874],{"className":40,"code":72752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72875,72876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72877,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72879,229],{"class":61},[47,72881,699],{"class":632},[47,72883,637],{"class":636},[47,72885,699],{"class":632},[47,72887,69],{"class":61},[47,72889,708],{"class":632},[47,72891,33488],{"class":636},[47,72893,699],{"class":632},[47,72895,80],{"class":61},[33,72897,65890],{"id":65889},[20,72899,65893,72900,89],{},[15,72901,40969],{},[38,72903,72905],{"className":40,"code":72904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72906,72907,72939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72910,1536],{"class":53},[47,72912,58],{"class":57},[47,72914,62],{"class":61},[47,72916,633],{"class":632},[47,72918,647],{"class":636},[47,72920,633],{"class":632},[47,72922,69],{"class":61},[47,72924,644],{"class":632},[47,72926,637],{"class":636},[47,72928,633],{"class":632},[47,72930,69],{"class":61},[47,72932,644],{"class":632},[47,72934,33488],{"class":636},[47,72936,633],{"class":632},[47,72938,80],{"class":61},[47,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,72942,1562],{"class":53},[47,72944,89],{"class":61},[47,72946,35060],{"class":92},[47,72948,106],{"class":61},[47,72950,633],{"class":632},[47,72952,22799],{"class":636},[47,72954,633],{"class":632},[47,72956,216],{"class":61},[20,72958,219],{},[38,72960,72962],{"className":40,"code":72961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72963,72964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72967,40969],{"class":882},[47,72969,136],{"class":61},[47,72971,1644],{"class":882},[47,72973,89],{"class":61},[47,72975,35060],{"class":92},[47,72977,106],{"class":61},[47,72979,2456],{"class":92},[47,72981,16717],{"class":61},[47,72983,4151],{"class":53},[47,72985,4896],{"class":57},[47,72987,21439],{"class":57},[47,72989,72990],{"class":882}," list\n",[20,72992,72993],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72995,72996],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,72998,73000],{"className":40,"code":72999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73001,73002,73034,73046,73050,73062,73077,73081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73003,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73005,1536],{"class":53},[47,73007,58],{"class":57},[47,73009,62],{"class":61},[47,73011,633],{"class":632},[47,73013,647],{"class":636},[47,73015,633],{"class":632},[47,73017,69],{"class":61},[47,73019,644],{"class":632},[47,73021,637],{"class":636},[47,73023,633],{"class":632},[47,73025,69],{"class":61},[47,73027,644],{"class":632},[47,73029,33488],{"class":636},[47,73031,633],{"class":632},[47,73033,80],{"class":61},[47,73035,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73037,2728],{"class":53},[47,73039,58],{"class":57},[47,73041,644],{"class":632},[47,73043,22799],{"class":636},[47,73045,1609],{"class":632},[47,73047,73048],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73049,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,73051,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,73053,7262],{"class":2027},[47,73055,21850],{"class":53},[47,73057,2034],{"class":57},[47,73059,6231],{"class":53},[47,73061,6657],{"class":61},[47,73063,73064,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,73065,73066],{"class":53},"    items",[47,73068,89],{"class":61},[47,73070,35060],{"class":92},[47,73072,106],{"class":61},[47,73074,2753],{"class":92},[47,73076,216],{"class":61},[47,73078,73079],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,73080,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,73082,73083,73085,73087,73089],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,73084,103],{"class":102},[47,73086,106],{"class":61},[47,73088,1562],{"class":92},[47,73090,216],{"class":61},[20,73092,219],{},[38,73094,73096],{"className":40,"code":73095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73097,73098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73099,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73101,229],{"class":61},[47,73103,699],{"class":632},[47,73105,647],{"class":636},[47,73107,699],{"class":632},[47,73109,69],{"class":61},[47,73111,708],{"class":632},[47,73113,637],{"class":636},[47,73115,699],{"class":632},[47,73117,69],{"class":61},[47,73119,708],{"class":632},[47,73121,33488],{"class":636},[47,73123,699],{"class":632},[47,73125,80],{"class":61},[20,73127,73128,73129,73131],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73130,55795],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73133,73134,73135,89],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[252,73136,66099],{"href":73137},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[33,73139,73141],{"id":73140},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73143,73144,1233,73146,73148],{},[15,73145,55795],{},[15,73147,13025],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[138,73150,73151,73158,73164,73170],{},[141,73152,73153,73155,73156],{},[15,73154,55795],{}," deletes by ",[4015,73157,2753],{},[141,73159,73160,73155,73162],{},[15,73161,13025],{},[4015,73163,36112],{},[141,73165,73166,2057,73168],{},[15,73167,55795],{},[15,73169,124],{},[141,73171,73172,73174],{},[15,73173,13025],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73176,46308,73177,136],{},[15,73178,55795],{},[38,73180,73182],{"className":40,"code":73181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73183,73184,73216,73234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73185,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206,73208,73210,73212,73214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73187,1536],{"class":53},[47,73189,58],{"class":57},[47,73191,62],{"class":61},[47,73193,633],{"class":632},[47,73195,647],{"class":636},[47,73197,633],{"class":632},[47,73199,69],{"class":61},[47,73201,644],{"class":632},[47,73203,637],{"class":636},[47,73205,633],{"class":632},[47,73207,69],{"class":61},[47,73209,644],{"class":632},[47,73211,33488],{"class":636},[47,73213,633],{"class":632},[47,73215,80],{"class":61},[47,73217,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73219,1562],{"class":53},[47,73221,89],{"class":61},[47,73223,35060],{"class":92},[47,73225,106],{"class":61},[47,73227,633],{"class":632},[47,73229,637],{"class":636},[47,73231,633],{"class":632},[47,73233,216],{"class":61},[47,73235,73236,73238,73240,73242],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73237,103],{"class":102},[47,73239,106],{"class":61},[47,73241,1562],{"class":92},[47,73243,216],{"class":61},[20,73245,219],{},[38,73247,73249],{"className":40,"code":73248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73250,73251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73252,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73254,229],{"class":61},[47,73256,699],{"class":632},[47,73258,647],{"class":636},[47,73260,699],{"class":632},[47,73262,69],{"class":61},[47,73264,708],{"class":632},[47,73266,33488],{"class":636},[47,73268,699],{"class":632},[47,73270,80],{"class":61},[20,73272,46308,73273,136],{},[15,73274,13025],{},[38,73276,73278],{"className":40,"code":73277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73279,73280,73312,73331,73335,73345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73281,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73283,1536],{"class":53},[47,73285,58],{"class":57},[47,73287,62],{"class":61},[47,73289,633],{"class":632},[47,73291,647],{"class":636},[47,73293,633],{"class":632},[47,73295,69],{"class":61},[47,73297,644],{"class":632},[47,73299,637],{"class":636},[47,73301,633],{"class":632},[47,73303,69],{"class":61},[47,73305,644],{"class":632},[47,73307,33488],{"class":636},[47,73309,633],{"class":632},[47,73311,80],{"class":61},[47,73313,73314,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73315,73316],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,73318,58],{"class":57},[47,73320,6231],{"class":53},[47,73322,89],{"class":61},[47,73324,26505],{"class":92},[47,73326,106],{"class":61},[47,73328,232],{"class":65},[47,73330,216],{"class":61},[47,73332,73333],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73334,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,73336,73337,73339,73341,73343],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,73338,103],{"class":102},[47,73340,106],{"class":61},[47,73342,1562],{"class":92},[47,73344,216],{"class":61},[47,73346,73347,73349,73351,73354],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,73348,103],{"class":102},[47,73350,106],{"class":61},[47,73352,73353],{"class":92},"removed_item",[47,73355,216],{"class":61},[20,73357,219],{},[38,73359,73361],{"className":40,"code":73360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73362,73363,73383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73364,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73366,229],{"class":61},[47,73368,699],{"class":632},[47,73370,647],{"class":636},[47,73372,699],{"class":632},[47,73374,69],{"class":61},[47,73376,708],{"class":632},[47,73378,33488],{"class":636},[47,73380,699],{"class":632},[47,73382,80],{"class":61},[47,73384,73385],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73386,70665],{"class":53},[20,73388,118,73389,73391],{},[15,73390,55795],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73393,118,73394,73396],{},[15,73395,13025],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73398,73399,73400,89],{},"For more detail, see the ",[252,73401,73402],{"href":55346},"Python list pop() method",[33,73404,73406],{"id":73405},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73408,73409,1233,73411,73413],{},[15,73410,55795],{},[15,73412,27289],{}," are also different.",[138,73415,73416,73421,73426,73431],{},[141,73417,73418,73420],{},[15,73419,55795],{}," deletes by matching value",[141,73422,73423,73425],{},[15,73424,27289],{}," deletes by index or slice",[141,73427,118,73428,73430],{},[15,73429,27289],{}," when you know the position",[141,73432,118,73433,73435],{},[15,73434,55795],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73437,46308,73438,136],{},[15,73439,27289],{},[38,73441,73443],{"className":40,"code":73442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73444,73445,73477,73489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73446,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73448,1536],{"class":53},[47,73450,58],{"class":57},[47,73452,62],{"class":61},[47,73454,633],{"class":632},[47,73456,647],{"class":636},[47,73458,633],{"class":632},[47,73460,69],{"class":61},[47,73462,644],{"class":632},[47,73464,637],{"class":636},[47,73466,633],{"class":632},[47,73468,69],{"class":61},[47,73470,644],{"class":632},[47,73472,33488],{"class":636},[47,73474,633],{"class":632},[47,73476,80],{"class":61},[47,73478,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73480,27289],{"class":2027},[47,73482,6231],{"class":53},[47,73484,229],{"class":61},[47,73486,232],{"class":65},[47,73488,80],{"class":61},[47,73490,73491,73493,73495,73497],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73492,103],{"class":102},[47,73494,106],{"class":61},[47,73496,1562],{"class":92},[47,73498,216],{"class":61},[20,73500,219],{},[38,73502,73503],{"className":40,"code":73248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73504,73505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73506,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73508,229],{"class":61},[47,73510,699],{"class":632},[47,73512,647],{"class":636},[47,73514,699],{"class":632},[47,73516,69],{"class":61},[47,73518,708],{"class":632},[47,73520,33488],{"class":636},[47,73522,699],{"class":632},[47,73524,80],{"class":61},[20,73526,73527,73528,73530,73531,73533],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73529,232],{},", not the value ",[15,73532,65534],{}," directly.",[20,73535,73536,73537,89],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[252,73538,55335],{"href":55334},[33,73540,1397],{"id":1396},[20,73542,21477,73543,136],{},[15,73544,55795],{},[138,73546,73547,73550,73555,73562,73571],{},[141,73548,73549],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[141,73551,8717,73552,73554],{},[15,73553,55795],{}," to delete all matching values",[141,73556,1407,73557,73559,73560],{},[15,73558,55795],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73561,124],{},[141,73563,8681,73564,44897,73566,3158,73568,73570],{},[15,73565,55795],{},[15,73567,13025],{},[15,73569,27289],{}," would be a better fit",[141,73572,73573],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73575,71765],{},[38,73577,73579],{"className":40,"code":73578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73580,73581,73591,73605,73623,73637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73582,73583,73585,73587,73589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73584,103],{"class":102},[47,73586,106],{"class":61},[47,73588,269],{"class":92},[47,73590,216],{"class":61},[47,73592,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73594,103],{"class":102},[47,73596,106],{"class":61},[47,73598,2728],{"class":92},[47,73600,2034],{"class":2027},[47,73602,2037],{"class":92},[47,73604,216],{"class":61},[47,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73608,103],{"class":102},[47,73610,106],{"class":61},[47,73612,269],{"class":92},[47,73614,89],{"class":61},[47,73616,41525],{"class":92},[47,73618,106],{"class":61},[47,73620,2753],{"class":92},[47,73622,1978],{"class":61},[47,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,73626,103],{"class":102},[47,73628,106],{"class":61},[47,73630,1971],{"class":882},[47,73632,106],{"class":61},[47,73634,269],{"class":92},[47,73636,1978],{"class":61},[47,73638,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,73640,32419],{"class":102},[47,73642,106],{"class":61},[47,73644,8358],{"class":882},[47,73646,89],{"class":61},[47,73648,35060],{"class":888},[47,73650,216],{"class":61},[20,73652,73653],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[138,73655,73656,73659,73662,73665],{},[141,73657,73658],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[141,73660,73661],{},"How many times does it appear?",[141,73663,73664],{},"Am I working with a list?",[141,73666,73667],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73669,73670,73671,73673],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[252,73672,71929],{"href":59230}," may also help.",[33,73675,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,73677,73679],{"id":73678},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73681,73682],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1404,73684,73686],{"id":73685},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73688,5414,73689,73691],{},[15,73690,124],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1404,73693,73695],{"id":73694},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73697,73698,73699,73702,73703,89],{},"Check with ",[15,73700,73701],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73704,55795],{},[1404,73706,73708],{"id":73707},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73710,118,73711,73713,73714,73716],{},[15,73712,55795],{}," for a value and ",[15,73715,13025],{}," for an index.",[33,73718,2187],{"id":2186},[138,73720,73721,73725,73729,73733,73737],{},[141,73722,73723],{},[252,73724,55781],{"href":55334},[141,73726,73727],{},[252,73728,73402],{"href":55346},[141,73730,73731],{},[252,73732,71929],{"href":59230},[141,73734,73735],{},[252,73736,66099],{"href":73137},[141,73738,73739],{},[252,73740,73742],{"href":73741},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2210,73744,73745],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":73747},[73748,73749,73750,73751,73752,73753,73754,73755,73756,73757,73763],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":72074,"depth":83,"text":72075},{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698},{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":72527,"depth":83,"text":72528},{"id":65889,"depth":83,"text":65890},{"id":73140,"depth":83,"text":73141},{"id":73405,"depth":83,"text":73406},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":73758},[73759,73760,73761,73762],{"id":73678,"depth":99,"text":73679},{"id":73685,"depth":99,"text":73686},{"id":73694,"depth":99,"text":73695},{"id":73707,"depth":99,"text":73708},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71977,"description":73764},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73771,"title":73772,"body":73773,"description":75657,"extension":2248,"meta":75658,"navigation":203,"path":75659,"seo":75660,"stem":75661,"__hash__":75662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73774,"toc":75627},[73775,73781,73787,73790,73801,73803,73851,73856,73861,73865,73880,73882,73947,73949,73990,73992,73994,74009,74011,74022,74024,74081,74083,74116,74118,74121,74170,74172,74197,74199,74215,74221,74228,74289,74291,74324,74329,74332,74412,74414,74475,74481,74485,74488,74551,74553,74578,74580,74600,74602,74651,74653,74674,74682,74685,74689,74694,74739,74741,74762,74768,74772,74779,74842,74844,74880,74886,74890,74897,74962,74964,75001,75005,75022,75032,75037,75042,75053,75060,75062,75068,75091,75094,75121,75126,75129,75230,75232,75287,75290,75397,75399,75470,75473,75499,75501,75506,75510,75518,75523,75528,75534,75539,75543,75546,75563,75566,75586,75594,75596,75624],[10,73776,13,73778,18],{"id":73777},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73779,73780],{},"reverse()",[20,73782,73783,73786],{},[15,73784,73785],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73788,73789],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73791,73792,73793,73795,73796,73800],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73794,73780],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[252,73797,73799],{"href":73798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[33,73802,3884],{"id":3883},[38,73804,73806],{"className":40,"code":73805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73807,73808,73828,73838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73809,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73811,54],{"class":53},[47,73813,58],{"class":57},[47,73815,62],{"class":61},[47,73817,232],{"class":65},[47,73819,69],{"class":61},[47,73821,77],{"class":65},[47,73823,69],{"class":61},[47,73825,442],{"class":65},[47,73827,80],{"class":61},[47,73829,73830,73832,73834,73836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73831,86],{"class":53},[47,73833,89],{"class":61},[47,73835,362],{"class":92},[47,73837,96],{"class":61},[47,73839,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73841,103],{"class":102},[47,73843,106],{"class":61},[47,73845,86],{"class":92},[47,73847,111],{"class":61},[47,73849,73850],{"class":114},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73852,73853,73855],{},[15,73854,73780],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[33,73857,128,73859,131],{"id":73858},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73860,73785],{},[20,73862,73863,136],{},[15,73864,73785],{},[138,73866,73867,73870,73873,73877],{},[141,73868,73869],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[141,73871,73872],{},"Changes the original list directly",[141,73874,149,73875],{},[15,73876,124],{},[141,73878,73879],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73881,318],{},[38,73883,73885],{"className":40,"code":73884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73886,73887,73927,73937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73888,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73890,1639],{"class":53},[47,73892,58],{"class":57},[47,73894,62],{"class":61},[47,73896,633],{"class":632},[47,73898,252],{"class":636},[47,73900,633],{"class":632},[47,73902,69],{"class":61},[47,73904,644],{"class":632},[47,73906,5026],{"class":636},[47,73908,633],{"class":632},[47,73910,69],{"class":61},[47,73912,644],{"class":632},[47,73914,10004],{"class":636},[47,73916,633],{"class":632},[47,73918,69],{"class":61},[47,73920,644],{"class":632},[47,73922,19032],{"class":636},[47,73924,633],{"class":632},[47,73926,80],{"class":61},[47,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,73930,1659],{"class":53},[47,73932,89],{"class":61},[47,73934,362],{"class":92},[47,73936,96],{"class":61},[47,73938,73939,73941,73943,73945],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,73940,103],{"class":102},[47,73942,106],{"class":61},[47,73944,1659],{"class":92},[47,73946,216],{"class":61},[20,73948,219],{},[38,73950,73952],{"className":40,"code":73951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73953,73954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73955,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73957,229],{"class":61},[47,73959,699],{"class":632},[47,73961,19032],{"class":636},[47,73963,699],{"class":632},[47,73965,69],{"class":61},[47,73967,708],{"class":632},[47,73969,10004],{"class":636},[47,73971,699],{"class":632},[47,73973,69],{"class":61},[47,73975,708],{"class":632},[47,73977,5026],{"class":636},[47,73979,699],{"class":632},[47,73981,69],{"class":61},[47,73983,708],{"class":632},[47,73985,252],{"class":636},[47,73987,699],{"class":632},[47,73989,80],{"class":61},[33,73991,259],{"id":258},[20,73993,2442],{},[38,73995,73997],{"className":40,"code":73996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73998,73999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74002,269],{"class":53},[47,74004,89],{"class":61},[47,74006,362],{"class":92},[47,74008,96],{"class":61},[20,74010,13315],{},[138,74012,74013,74016,74019],{},[141,74014,74015],{},"No arguments are needed",[141,74017,74018],{},"You call it on an existing list",[141,74020,74021],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74023,318],{},[38,74025,74027],{"className":40,"code":74026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74028,74029,74061,74071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74030,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74032,13339],{"class":53},[47,74034,58],{"class":57},[47,74036,62],{"class":61},[47,74038,633],{"class":632},[47,74040,13356],{"class":636},[47,74042,633],{"class":632},[47,74044,69],{"class":61},[47,74046,644],{"class":632},[47,74048,17721],{"class":636},[47,74050,633],{"class":632},[47,74052,69],{"class":61},[47,74054,644],{"class":632},[47,74056,13373],{"class":636},[47,74058,633],{"class":632},[47,74060,80],{"class":61},[47,74062,74063,74065,74067,74069],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74064,17768],{"class":53},[47,74066,89],{"class":61},[47,74068,362],{"class":92},[47,74070,96],{"class":61},[47,74072,74073,74075,74077,74079],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74074,103],{"class":102},[47,74076,106],{"class":61},[47,74078,17768],{"class":92},[47,74080,216],{"class":61},[20,74082,219],{},[38,74084,74086],{"className":40,"code":74085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74087,74088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74089,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74091,229],{"class":61},[47,74093,699],{"class":632},[47,74095,13373],{"class":636},[47,74097,699],{"class":632},[47,74099,69],{"class":61},[47,74101,708],{"class":632},[47,74103,17721],{"class":636},[47,74105,699],{"class":632},[47,74107,69],{"class":61},[47,74109,708],{"class":632},[47,74111,13356],{"class":636},[47,74113,699],{"class":632},[47,74115,80],{"class":61},[33,74117,11739],{"id":11738},[20,74119,74120],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,74122,74124],{"className":40,"code":74123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74125,74126,74150,74160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74127,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74129,54],{"class":53},[47,74131,58],{"class":57},[47,74133,62],{"class":61},[47,74135,437],{"class":65},[47,74137,69],{"class":61},[47,74139,8054],{"class":65},[47,74141,69],{"class":61},[47,74143,8059],{"class":65},[47,74145,69],{"class":61},[47,74147,51113],{"class":65},[47,74149,80],{"class":61},[47,74151,74152,74154,74156,74158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74153,86],{"class":53},[47,74155,89],{"class":61},[47,74157,362],{"class":92},[47,74159,96],{"class":61},[47,74161,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74163,103],{"class":102},[47,74165,106],{"class":61},[47,74167,86],{"class":92},[47,74169,216],{"class":61},[20,74171,219],{},[38,74173,74175],{"className":40,"code":74174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74176,74177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74178,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74180,229],{"class":61},[47,74182,56958],{"class":65},[47,74184,69],{"class":61},[47,74186,8059],{"class":65},[47,74188,69],{"class":61},[47,74190,8054],{"class":65},[47,74192,69],{"class":61},[47,74194,503],{"class":65},[47,74196,80],{"class":61},[20,74198,11948],{},[138,74200,74201,74207,74212],{},[141,74202,74203,74204],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74205,74206],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[141,74208,74209,74211],{},[15,74210,73780],{}," flips the order",[141,74213,74214],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[33,74216,74218,74220],{"id":74217},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74219,73780],{}," changes the original list",[20,74222,74223,74224,74227],{},"This method is ",[4015,74225,74226],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,74229,74231],{"className":40,"code":74230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74232,74233,74265,74275,74279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74234,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74236,36504],{"class":53},[47,74238,58],{"class":57},[47,74240,62],{"class":61},[47,74242,633],{"class":632},[47,74244,647],{"class":636},[47,74246,633],{"class":632},[47,74248,69],{"class":61},[47,74250,644],{"class":632},[47,74252,637],{"class":636},[47,74254,633],{"class":632},[47,74256,69],{"class":61},[47,74258,644],{"class":632},[47,74260,656],{"class":636},[47,74262,633],{"class":632},[47,74264,80],{"class":61},[47,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74268,36556],{"class":53},[47,74270,89],{"class":61},[47,74272,362],{"class":92},[47,74274,96],{"class":61},[47,74276,74277],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74278,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74280,74281,74283,74285,74287],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74282,103],{"class":102},[47,74284,106],{"class":61},[47,74286,36556],{"class":92},[47,74288,216],{"class":61},[20,74290,219],{},[38,74292,74294],{"className":40,"code":74293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74295,74296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74297,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74299,229],{"class":61},[47,74301,699],{"class":632},[47,74303,656],{"class":636},[47,74305,699],{"class":632},[47,74307,69],{"class":61},[47,74309,708],{"class":632},[47,74311,637],{"class":636},[47,74313,699],{"class":632},[47,74315,69],{"class":61},[47,74317,708],{"class":632},[47,74319,647],{"class":636},[47,74321,699],{"class":632},[47,74323,80],{"class":61},[20,74325,118,74326,74328],{},[15,74327,73780],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74330,74331],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,74333,74335],{"className":40,"code":74334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74336,74337,74369,74387,74391,74401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74338,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74340,36504],{"class":53},[47,74342,58],{"class":57},[47,74344,62],{"class":61},[47,74346,633],{"class":632},[47,74348,647],{"class":636},[47,74350,633],{"class":632},[47,74352,69],{"class":61},[47,74354,644],{"class":632},[47,74356,637],{"class":636},[47,74358,633],{"class":632},[47,74360,69],{"class":61},[47,74362,644],{"class":632},[47,74364,656],{"class":636},[47,74366,633],{"class":632},[47,74368,80],{"class":61},[47,74370,74371,74374,74376,74378,74381,74383,74385],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74372,74373],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,74375,58],{"class":57},[47,74377,53121],{"class":53},[47,74379,74380],{"class":61},"[::",[47,74382,2306],{"class":57},[47,74384,232],{"class":65},[47,74386,80],{"class":61},[47,74388,74389],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74390,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74392,74393,74395,74397,74399],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74394,103],{"class":102},[47,74396,106],{"class":61},[47,74398,36556],{"class":92},[47,74400,216],{"class":61},[47,74402,74403,74405,74407,74410],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,74404,103],{"class":102},[47,74406,106],{"class":61},[47,74408,74409],{"class":92},"reversed_fruits",[47,74411,216],{"class":61},[20,74413,219],{},[38,74415,74417],{"className":40,"code":74416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74418,74419,74447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74420,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74422,229],{"class":61},[47,74424,699],{"class":632},[47,74426,647],{"class":636},[47,74428,699],{"class":632},[47,74430,69],{"class":61},[47,74432,708],{"class":632},[47,74434,637],{"class":636},[47,74436,699],{"class":632},[47,74438,69],{"class":61},[47,74440,708],{"class":632},[47,74442,656],{"class":636},[47,74444,699],{"class":632},[47,74446,80],{"class":61},[47,74448,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74450,229],{"class":61},[47,74452,699],{"class":632},[47,74454,656],{"class":636},[47,74456,699],{"class":632},[47,74458,69],{"class":61},[47,74460,708],{"class":632},[47,74462,637],{"class":636},[47,74464,699],{"class":632},[47,74466,69],{"class":61},[47,74468,708],{"class":632},[47,74470,647],{"class":636},[47,74472,699],{"class":632},[47,74474,80],{"class":61},[20,74476,74477,74478,89],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[252,74479,74480],{"href":73798},"Python list slicing explained",[33,74482,74484],{"id":74483},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74486,74487],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,74489,74491],{"className":40,"code":74490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74492,74493,74513,74527,74531,74541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74494,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74496,54],{"class":53},[47,74498,58],{"class":57},[47,74500,62],{"class":61},[47,74502,232],{"class":65},[47,74504,69],{"class":61},[47,74506,77],{"class":65},[47,74508,69],{"class":61},[47,74510,442],{"class":65},[47,74512,80],{"class":61},[47,74514,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74516,1297],{"class":53},[47,74518,58],{"class":57},[47,74520,1447],{"class":53},[47,74522,89],{"class":61},[47,74524,362],{"class":92},[47,74526,96],{"class":61},[47,74528,74529],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74530,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74532,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74534,103],{"class":102},[47,74536,106],{"class":61},[47,74538,1333],{"class":92},[47,74540,216],{"class":61},[47,74542,74543,74545,74547,74549],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,74544,103],{"class":102},[47,74546,106],{"class":61},[47,74548,86],{"class":92},[47,74550,216],{"class":61},[20,74552,219],{},[38,74554,74556],{"className":40,"code":74555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74557,74558,74562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74559,74560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74561,1490],{"class":284},[47,74563,74564,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574,74576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74565,229],{"class":61},[47,74567,66],{"class":65},[47,74569,69],{"class":61},[47,74571,77],{"class":65},[47,74573,69],{"class":61},[47,74575,72],{"class":65},[47,74577,80],{"class":61},[20,74579,12163],{},[138,74581,74582,74590,74594],{},[141,74583,74584,74586,74587,74589],{},[15,74585,73780],{}," changes ",[15,74588,86],{}," directly",[141,74591,41171,74592,72098],{},[4015,74593,4896],{},[141,74595,53923,74596,42421,74598],{},[15,74597,1333],{},[15,74599,124],{},[20,74601,62160],{},[38,74603,74605],{"className":40,"code":74604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74606,74607,74627,74637,74641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74608,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623,74625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74610,54],{"class":53},[47,74612,58],{"class":57},[47,74614,62],{"class":61},[47,74616,232],{"class":65},[47,74618,69],{"class":61},[47,74620,77],{"class":65},[47,74622,69],{"class":61},[47,74624,442],{"class":65},[47,74626,80],{"class":61},[47,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74630,86],{"class":53},[47,74632,89],{"class":61},[47,74634,362],{"class":92},[47,74636,96],{"class":61},[47,74638,74639],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74640,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74642,74643,74645,74647,74649],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74644,103],{"class":102},[47,74646,106],{"class":61},[47,74648,86],{"class":92},[47,74650,216],{"class":61},[20,74652,219],{},[38,74654,74656],{"className":40,"code":74655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74657,74658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74659,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74661,229],{"class":61},[47,74663,66],{"class":65},[47,74665,69],{"class":61},[47,74667,77],{"class":65},[47,74669,69],{"class":61},[47,74671,72],{"class":65},[47,74673,80],{"class":61},[33,74675,74677,1225,74679,74681],{"id":74676},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74678,73780],{},[15,74680,1228],{}," vs slicing",[20,74683,74684],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1404,74686,74687],{"id":362},[15,74688,73780],{},[20,74690,74691,74693],{},[15,74692,73780],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,74695,74697],{"className":40,"code":74696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74698,74699,74719,74729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74700,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74702,54],{"class":53},[47,74704,58],{"class":57},[47,74706,62],{"class":61},[47,74708,66],{"class":65},[47,74710,69],{"class":61},[47,74712,72],{"class":65},[47,74714,69],{"class":61},[47,74716,77],{"class":65},[47,74718,80],{"class":61},[47,74720,74721,74723,74725,74727],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74722,86],{"class":53},[47,74724,89],{"class":61},[47,74726,362],{"class":92},[47,74728,96],{"class":61},[47,74730,74731,74733,74735,74737],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74732,103],{"class":102},[47,74734,106],{"class":61},[47,74736,86],{"class":92},[47,74738,216],{"class":61},[20,74740,219],{},[38,74742,74744],{"className":40,"code":74743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74745,74746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74749,229],{"class":61},[47,74751,2340],{"class":65},[47,74753,69],{"class":61},[47,74755,72],{"class":65},[47,74757,69],{"class":61},[47,74759,442],{"class":65},[47,74761,80],{"class":61},[20,74763,74764,74765,74767],{},"Notice that this is ",[4015,74766,4896],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1404,74769,74770],{"id":2002},[15,74771,1228],{},[20,74773,74774,74778],{},[252,74775,74776],{"href":1385},[15,74777,1228],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,74780,74782],{"className":40,"code":74781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74783,74784,74804,74818,74822,74832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74785,74786,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74787,54],{"class":53},[47,74789,58],{"class":57},[47,74791,62],{"class":61},[47,74793,66],{"class":65},[47,74795,69],{"class":61},[47,74797,72],{"class":65},[47,74799,69],{"class":61},[47,74801,77],{"class":65},[47,74803,80],{"class":61},[47,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74807,1442],{"class":53},[47,74809,58],{"class":57},[47,74811,1302],{"class":102},[47,74813,106],{"class":61},[47,74815,86],{"class":92},[47,74817,216],{"class":61},[47,74819,74820],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74821,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74823,74824,74826,74828,74830],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74825,103],{"class":102},[47,74827,106],{"class":61},[47,74829,86],{"class":92},[47,74831,216],{"class":61},[47,74833,74834,74836,74838,74840],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,74835,103],{"class":102},[47,74837,106],{"class":61},[47,74839,1466],{"class":92},[47,74841,216],{"class":61},[20,74843,219],{},[38,74845,74846],{"className":40,"code":1340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,74847,74848,74864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74851,229],{"class":61},[47,74853,66],{"class":65},[47,74855,69],{"class":61},[47,74857,72],{"class":65},[47,74859,69],{"class":61},[47,74861,77],{"class":65},[47,74863,80],{"class":61},[47,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74867,229],{"class":61},[47,74869,232],{"class":65},[47,74871,69],{"class":61},[47,74873,77],{"class":65},[47,74875,69],{"class":61},[47,74877,442],{"class":65},[47,74879,80],{"class":61},[20,74881,74882,74883,89],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74884,74885],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1404,74887,74889],{"id":74888},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74891,74892,74893,74896],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74894,74895],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,74898,74900],{"className":40,"code":74899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74901,74902,74922,74938,74942,74952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74903,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74905,54],{"class":53},[47,74907,58],{"class":57},[47,74909,62],{"class":61},[47,74911,66],{"class":65},[47,74913,69],{"class":61},[47,74915,72],{"class":65},[47,74917,69],{"class":61},[47,74919,77],{"class":65},[47,74921,80],{"class":61},[47,74923,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74925,1442],{"class":53},[47,74927,58],{"class":57},[47,74929,1447],{"class":53},[47,74931,74380],{"class":61},[47,74933,2306],{"class":57},[47,74935,232],{"class":65},[47,74937,80],{"class":61},[47,74939,74940],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,74941,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,74943,74944,74946,74948,74950],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,74945,103],{"class":102},[47,74947,106],{"class":61},[47,74949,86],{"class":92},[47,74951,216],{"class":61},[47,74953,74954,74956,74958,74960],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,74955,103],{"class":102},[47,74957,106],{"class":61},[47,74959,1466],{"class":92},[47,74961,216],{"class":61},[20,74963,219],{},[38,74965,74967],{"className":40,"code":74966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74968,74969,74985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74970,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74972,229],{"class":61},[47,74974,66],{"class":65},[47,74976,69],{"class":61},[47,74978,72],{"class":65},[47,74980,69],{"class":61},[47,74982,77],{"class":65},[47,74984,80],{"class":61},[47,74986,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,74988,229],{"class":61},[47,74990,2340],{"class":65},[47,74992,69],{"class":61},[47,74994,72],{"class":65},[47,74996,69],{"class":61},[47,74998,442],{"class":65},[47,75000,80],{"class":61},[1404,75002,75004],{"id":75003},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[138,75006,75007,75012,75017],{},[141,75008,118,75009,75011],{},[15,75010,73780],{}," when you want to change the original list",[141,75013,118,75014,75016],{},[15,75015,74895],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[141,75018,118,75019,75021],{},[15,75020,1228],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75023,75024,75025,75031],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[252,75026,75028,75029,11006],{"href":75027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75030,17],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[33,75033,5227,75035],{"id":75034},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75036,73780],{},[20,75038,75039,75041],{},[15,75040,73780],{}," is a good choice:",[138,75043,75044,75047,75050],{},[141,75045,75046],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[141,75048,75049],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[141,75051,75052],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75054,75055,75056,89],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[252,75057,75059],{"href":75058},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[33,75061,1397],{"id":1396},[20,75063,75064,75065,75067],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75066,73780],{}," for these reasons:",[138,75069,75070,75074,75079,75084],{},[141,75071,1407,75072,12860],{},[15,75073,73780],{},[141,75075,8717,75076,75078],{},[15,75077,73780],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[141,75080,8681,75081,75083],{},[15,75082,73780],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[141,75085,37468,75086,8968,75088],{},[15,75087,73780],{},[15,75089,75090],{},"reversed()",[20,75092,75093],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,75095,75097],{"className":40,"code":75096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75098,75099,75111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75100,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75102,1600],{"class":53},[47,75104,58],{"class":57},[47,75106,644],{"class":632},[47,75108,4118],{"class":636},[47,75110,1609],{"class":632},[47,75112,75113,75115,75117,75119],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75114,1614],{"class":53},[47,75116,89],{"class":61},[47,75118,362],{"class":92},[47,75120,96],{"class":61},[20,75122,75123,75124,1626],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75125,73780],{},[20,75127,75128],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,75130,75132],{"className":40,"code":75131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75133,75134,75154,75158,75168,75182,75186,75200,75210,75214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75135,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75137,8573],{"class":53},[47,75139,58],{"class":57},[47,75141,62],{"class":61},[47,75143,232],{"class":65},[47,75145,69],{"class":61},[47,75147,77],{"class":65},[47,75149,69],{"class":61},[47,75151,442],{"class":65},[47,75153,80],{"class":61},[47,75155,75156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75157,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75159,75160,75162,75164,75166],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75161,103],{"class":102},[47,75163,106],{"class":61},[47,75165,269],{"class":92},[47,75167,216],{"class":61},[47,75169,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75171,103],{"class":102},[47,75173,106],{"class":61},[47,75175,1971],{"class":882},[47,75177,106],{"class":61},[47,75179,269],{"class":92},[47,75181,1978],{"class":61},[47,75183,75184],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,75185,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75187,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,75189,1442],{"class":53},[47,75191,58],{"class":57},[47,75193,2037],{"class":53},[47,75195,89],{"class":61},[47,75197,362],{"class":92},[47,75199,96],{"class":61},[47,75201,75202,75204,75206,75208],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,75203,103],{"class":102},[47,75205,106],{"class":61},[47,75207,1466],{"class":92},[47,75209,216],{"class":61},[47,75211,75212],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,75213,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75215,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,75217,103],{"class":102},[47,75219,106],{"class":61},[47,75221,269],{"class":92},[47,75223,74380],{"class":61},[47,75225,2306],{"class":57},[47,75227,232],{"class":65},[47,75229,2040],{"class":61},[20,75231,219],{},[38,75233,75235],{"className":40,"code":75234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75236,75237,75253,75267,75271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75238,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75240,229],{"class":61},[47,75242,232],{"class":65},[47,75244,69],{"class":61},[47,75246,77],{"class":65},[47,75248,69],{"class":61},[47,75250,442],{"class":65},[47,75252,80],{"class":61},[47,75254,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75256,3568],{"class":57},[47,75258,3571],{"class":2348},[47,75260,708],{"class":632},[47,75262,8358],{"class":636},[47,75264,699],{"class":632},[47,75266,3580],{"class":57},[47,75268,75269],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75270,1490],{"class":284},[47,75272,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75274,229],{"class":61},[47,75276,232],{"class":65},[47,75278,69],{"class":61},[47,75280,77],{"class":65},[47,75282,69],{"class":61},[47,75284,72],{"class":65},[47,75286,80],{"class":61},[20,75288,75289],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,75291,75293],{"className":40,"code":75292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75294,75295,75315,75319,75329,75343,75347,75361,75371,75381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75296,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75298,8573],{"class":53},[47,75300,58],{"class":57},[47,75302,62],{"class":61},[47,75304,232],{"class":65},[47,75306,69],{"class":61},[47,75308,77],{"class":65},[47,75310,69],{"class":61},[47,75312,442],{"class":65},[47,75314,80],{"class":61},[47,75316,75317],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75318,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75320,75321,75323,75325,75327],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75322,103],{"class":102},[47,75324,106],{"class":61},[47,75326,269],{"class":92},[47,75328,216],{"class":61},[47,75330,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75332,103],{"class":102},[47,75334,106],{"class":61},[47,75336,1971],{"class":882},[47,75338,106],{"class":61},[47,75340,269],{"class":92},[47,75342,1978],{"class":61},[47,75344,75345],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,75346,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75348,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,75350,1442],{"class":53},[47,75352,58],{"class":57},[47,75354,2037],{"class":53},[47,75356,89],{"class":61},[47,75358,362],{"class":92},[47,75360,96],{"class":61},[47,75362,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,75364,103],{"class":102},[47,75366,106],{"class":61},[47,75368,1466],{"class":92},[47,75370,216],{"class":61},[47,75372,75373,75375,75377,75379],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,75374,103],{"class":102},[47,75376,106],{"class":61},[47,75378,269],{"class":92},[47,75380,216],{"class":61},[47,75382,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,75384,103],{"class":102},[47,75386,106],{"class":61},[47,75388,269],{"class":92},[47,75390,74380],{"class":61},[47,75392,2306],{"class":57},[47,75394,232],{"class":65},[47,75396,2040],{"class":61},[20,75398,219],{},[38,75400,75402],{"className":40,"code":75401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75403,75404,75420,75434,75438,75454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75405,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75407,229],{"class":61},[47,75409,232],{"class":65},[47,75411,69],{"class":61},[47,75413,77],{"class":65},[47,75415,69],{"class":61},[47,75417,442],{"class":65},[47,75419,80],{"class":61},[47,75421,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75423,3568],{"class":57},[47,75425,3571],{"class":2348},[47,75427,708],{"class":632},[47,75429,8358],{"class":636},[47,75431,699],{"class":632},[47,75433,3580],{"class":57},[47,75435,75436],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75437,1490],{"class":284},[47,75439,75440,75442,75444,75446,75448,75450,75452],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75441,229],{"class":61},[47,75443,66],{"class":65},[47,75445,69],{"class":61},[47,75447,77],{"class":65},[47,75449,69],{"class":61},[47,75451,72],{"class":65},[47,75453,80],{"class":61},[47,75455,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,75457,229],{"class":61},[47,75459,232],{"class":65},[47,75461,69],{"class":61},[47,75463,77],{"class":65},[47,75465,69],{"class":61},[47,75467,442],{"class":65},[47,75469,80],{"class":61},[20,75471,75472],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[138,75474,75475,75484,75493],{},[141,75476,28060,75477,75480,75481],{},[15,75478,75479],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75482,75483],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[141,75485,12179,75486,75489,75490,1644],{},[15,75487,75488],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[4015,75491,75492],{},"current",[141,75494,75495,75496],{},"So it prints ",[15,75497,75498],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[33,75500,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,75502,2082,75504,2085],{"id":75503},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75505,73785],{},[20,75507,2088,75508,89],{},[15,75509,124],{},[1404,75511,34472,75513,34475,75515,2099],{"id":75512},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75514,73780],{},[15,75516,75517],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75519,75520,75522],{},[15,75521,73780],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75524,75525,75527],{},[15,75526,75517],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1404,75529,28593,75531,75533],{"id":75530},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75532,73780],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75535,46633,75536,75538],{},[15,75537,73780],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1404,75540,75542],{"id":75541},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75544,75545],{},"Use slicing:",[38,75547,75549],{"className":40,"code":75548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75550,75551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75552,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75554,269],{"class":53},[47,75556,74380],{"class":61},[47,75558,2306],{"class":57},[47,75560,232],{"class":65},[47,75562,80],{"class":61},[20,75564,75565],{},"Or use:",[38,75567,75569],{"className":40,"code":75568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75570,75571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75572,75573,75575,75577,75580,75582,75584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75574,8358],{"class":882},[47,75576,106],{"class":61},[47,75578,75579],{"class":102},"reversed",[47,75581,106],{"class":61},[47,75583,269],{"class":92},[47,75585,1978],{"class":61},[20,75587,75588,75589,75593],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[252,75590,55786,75591],{"href":55227},[15,75592,13039],{}," can also help.",[33,75595,2187],{"id":2186},[138,75597,75598,75604,75610,75614,75618],{},[141,75599,75600],{},[252,75601,55786,75602,11006],{"href":75027},[15,75603,17],{},[141,75605,75606],{},[252,75607,1386,75608,3785],{"href":1385},[15,75609,1228],{},[141,75611,75612],{},[252,75613,75059],{"href":75058},[141,75615,75616],{},[252,75617,74480],{"href":73798},[141,75619,75620],{},[252,75621,55786,75622,11006],{"href":55227},[15,75623,13039],{},[2210,75625,75626],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":75628},[75629,75630,75632,75633,75634,75636,75637,75644,75646,75647,75656],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":73858,"depth":83,"text":75631},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":74217,"depth":83,"text":75635},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74483,"depth":83,"text":74484},{"id":74676,"depth":83,"text":75638,"children":75639},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75640,75641,75642,75643],{"id":362,"depth":99,"text":73780},{"id":2002,"depth":99,"text":1228},{"id":74888,"depth":99,"text":74889},{"id":75003,"depth":99,"text":75004},{"id":75034,"depth":83,"text":75645},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":75648},[75649,75651,75653,75655],{"id":75503,"depth":99,"text":75650},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75512,"depth":99,"text":75652},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75530,"depth":99,"text":75654},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75541,"depth":99,"text":75542},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73772,"description":75657},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75664,"title":75665,"body":75666,"description":78098,"extension":2248,"meta":78099,"navigation":203,"path":78100,"seo":78101,"stem":78102,"__hash__":78103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75667,"toc":78066},[75668,75671,75683,75686,75709,75717,75719,75831,75840,75844,75847,75850,75937,75939,75972,75974,75997,76003,76007,76010,76032,76034,76051,76054,76074,76076,76186,76188,76265,76269,76272,76314,76316,76449,76451,76553,76558,76562,76565,76567,76581,76584,76698,76700,76774,76776,76804,76808,76813,76843,76846,76972,76974,77056,77062,77066,77068,77107,77116,77120,77123,77127,77174,77176,77184,77188,77239,77241,77254,77256,77270,77273,77281,77283,77330,77332,77340,77343,77386,77391,77394,77397,77420,77424,77475,77478,77499,77509,77513,77515,77545,77548,77571,77575,77578,77645,77647,77684,77687,77695,77762,77764,77801,77807,77814,77818,77821,77851,77856,77860,77863,77887,77890,77984,77994,77996,78000,78003,78007,78010,78015,78018,78024,78027,78029,78057,78063],[10,75669,75665],{"id":75670},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75672,75673,75674,2472,75676,17337,75679,75682],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75675,36339],{},[15,75677,75678],{},"stop",[15,75680,75681],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75684,75685],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,75687,75689],{"className":40,"code":75688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75690,75691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75694,269],{"class":53},[47,75696,229],{"class":61},[47,75698,36339],{"class":53},[47,75700,136],{"class":61},[47,75702,75678],{"class":53},[47,75704,136],{"class":61},[47,75706,75681],{"class":53},[47,75708,80],{"class":61},[20,75710,75711,75712,75714,75715,89],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75713,75678],{}," position is ",[4015,75716,65329],{},[33,75718,36],{"id":35},[38,75720,75722],{"className":40,"code":75721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75723,75724,75752,75756,75777,75795,75812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75725,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75727,54],{"class":53},[47,75729,58],{"class":57},[47,75731,62],{"class":61},[47,75733,437],{"class":65},[47,75735,69],{"class":61},[47,75737,8054],{"class":65},[47,75739,69],{"class":61},[47,75741,8059],{"class":65},[47,75743,69],{"class":61},[47,75745,51113],{"class":65},[47,75747,69],{"class":61},[47,75749,5346],{"class":65},[47,75751,80],{"class":61},[47,75753,75754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75755,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75757,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75759,103],{"class":102},[47,75761,106],{"class":61},[47,75763,86],{"class":92},[47,75765,229],{"class":61},[47,75767,232],{"class":65},[47,75769,136],{"class":61},[47,75771,334],{"class":65},[47,75773,20711],{"class":61},[47,75775,75776],{"class":114},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75778,75779,75781,75783,75785,75788,75790,75792],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75780,103],{"class":102},[47,75782,106],{"class":61},[47,75784,86],{"class":92},[47,75786,75787],{"class":61},"[:",[47,75789,66],{"class":65},[47,75791,20711],{"class":61},[47,75793,75794],{"class":114},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75796,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,75798,103],{"class":102},[47,75800,106],{"class":61},[47,75802,86],{"class":92},[47,75804,74380],{"class":61},[47,75806,2340],{"class":65},[47,75808,20711],{"class":61},[47,75810,75811],{"class":114},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75813,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,75815,103],{"class":102},[47,75817,106],{"class":61},[47,75819,86],{"class":92},[47,75821,74380],{"class":61},[47,75823,2306],{"class":57},[47,75825,232],{"class":65},[47,75827,20711],{"class":61},[47,75829,75830],{"class":114},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75832,118,75833,75836,75837,75839],{},[15,75834,75835],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75838,75678],{}," value is not included.",[33,75841,75843],{"id":75842},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75845,75846],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75848,75849],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,75851,75853],{"className":40,"code":75852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75854,75855,75903,75907,75926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75856,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75858,1639],{"class":53},[47,75860,58],{"class":57},[47,75862,62],{"class":61},[47,75864,633],{"class":632},[47,75866,252],{"class":636},[47,75868,633],{"class":632},[47,75870,69],{"class":61},[47,75872,644],{"class":632},[47,75874,5026],{"class":636},[47,75876,633],{"class":632},[47,75878,69],{"class":61},[47,75880,644],{"class":632},[47,75882,10004],{"class":636},[47,75884,633],{"class":632},[47,75886,69],{"class":61},[47,75888,644],{"class":632},[47,75890,19032],{"class":636},[47,75892,633],{"class":632},[47,75894,69],{"class":61},[47,75896,644],{"class":632},[47,75898,60712],{"class":636},[47,75900,633],{"class":632},[47,75902,80],{"class":61},[47,75904,75905],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,75906,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,75908,75909,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,75910,75911],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75913,58],{"class":57},[47,75915,70355],{"class":53},[47,75917,229],{"class":61},[47,75919,232],{"class":65},[47,75921,136],{"class":61},[47,75923,334],{"class":65},[47,75925,80],{"class":61},[47,75927,75928,75930,75932,75935],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,75929,103],{"class":102},[47,75931,106],{"class":61},[47,75933,75934],{"class":92},"part",[47,75936,216],{"class":61},[20,75938,219],{},[38,75940,75942],{"className":40,"code":75941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75943,75944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75945,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75947,229],{"class":61},[47,75949,699],{"class":632},[47,75951,5026],{"class":636},[47,75953,699],{"class":632},[47,75955,69],{"class":61},[47,75957,708],{"class":632},[47,75959,10004],{"class":636},[47,75961,699],{"class":632},[47,75963,69],{"class":61},[47,75965,708],{"class":632},[47,75967,19032],{"class":636},[47,75969,699],{"class":632},[47,75971,80],{"class":61},[20,75973,13315],{},[138,75975,75976,75979,75982,75988,75994],{},[141,75977,75978],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[141,75980,75981],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[141,75983,75984,75985],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75986,75987],{},"list[start:stop]",[141,75989,75990,75991,75993],{},"The item at ",[15,75992,75678],{}," is not included",[141,75995,75996],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75998,75999,76000,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[252,76001,76002],{"href":254},"beginner guide to Python lists",[33,76004,76006],{"id":76005},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76008,76009],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,76011,76012],{"className":40,"code":75688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,76013,76014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76015,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76017,269],{"class":53},[47,76019,229],{"class":61},[47,76021,36339],{"class":53},[47,76023,136],{"class":61},[47,76025,75678],{"class":53},[47,76027,136],{"class":61},[47,76029,75681],{"class":53},[47,76031,80],{"class":61},[20,76033,65305],{},[138,76035,76036,76041,76046],{},[141,76037,76038,76040],{},[15,76039,36339],{}," is where slicing begins",[141,76042,76043,76045],{},[15,76044,75678],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[141,76047,76048,76050],{},[15,76049,75681],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76052,76053],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[138,76055,76056,76062,76067],{},[141,76057,76058,76059,76061],{},"Missing ",[15,76060,36339],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[141,76063,76058,76064,76066],{},[15,76065,75678],{}," means go to the end of the list",[141,76068,76058,76069,76071,76072],{},[15,76070,75681],{}," means use ",[15,76073,232],{},[20,76075,318],{},[38,76077,76079],{"className":40,"code":76078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76080,76081,76109,76113,76134,76151,76169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76082,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76084,54],{"class":53},[47,76086,58],{"class":57},[47,76088,62],{"class":61},[47,76090,437],{"class":65},[47,76092,69],{"class":61},[47,76094,8054],{"class":65},[47,76096,69],{"class":61},[47,76098,8059],{"class":65},[47,76100,69],{"class":61},[47,76102,51113],{"class":65},[47,76104,69],{"class":61},[47,76106,5346],{"class":65},[47,76108,80],{"class":61},[47,76110,76111],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76112,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,76114,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76116,103],{"class":102},[47,76118,106],{"class":61},[47,76120,86],{"class":92},[47,76122,229],{"class":61},[47,76124,232],{"class":65},[47,76126,136],{"class":61},[47,76128,334],{"class":65},[47,76130,20711],{"class":61},[47,76132,76133],{"class":114},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,76135,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76137,103],{"class":102},[47,76139,106],{"class":61},[47,76141,86],{"class":92},[47,76143,75787],{"class":61},[47,76145,66],{"class":65},[47,76147,20711],{"class":61},[47,76149,76150],{"class":114},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,76152,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76166],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,76154,103],{"class":102},[47,76156,106],{"class":61},[47,76158,86],{"class":92},[47,76160,229],{"class":61},[47,76162,2340],{"class":65},[47,76164,76165],{"class":61},":])",[47,76167,76168],{"class":114},"    # go to the end\n",[47,76170,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,76172,103],{"class":102},[47,76174,106],{"class":61},[47,76176,86],{"class":92},[47,76178,74380],{"class":61},[47,76180,232],{"class":65},[47,76182,20711],{"class":61},[47,76184,76185],{"class":114},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76187,219],{},[38,76189,76191],{"className":40,"code":76190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76192,76193,76209,76225,76241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76194,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76196,229],{"class":61},[47,76198,16019],{"class":65},[47,76200,69],{"class":61},[47,76202,8059],{"class":65},[47,76204,69],{"class":61},[47,76206,51113],{"class":65},[47,76208,80],{"class":61},[47,76210,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76212,229],{"class":61},[47,76214,437],{"class":65},[47,76216,69],{"class":61},[47,76218,8054],{"class":65},[47,76220,69],{"class":61},[47,76222,8059],{"class":65},[47,76224,80],{"class":61},[47,76226,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76228,229],{"class":61},[47,76230,37105],{"class":65},[47,76232,69],{"class":61},[47,76234,51113],{"class":65},[47,76236,69],{"class":61},[47,76238,5346],{"class":65},[47,76240,80],{"class":61},[47,76242,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76244,229],{"class":61},[47,76246,437],{"class":65},[47,76248,69],{"class":61},[47,76250,8054],{"class":65},[47,76252,69],{"class":61},[47,76254,8059],{"class":65},[47,76256,69],{"class":61},[47,76258,51113],{"class":65},[47,76260,69],{"class":61},[47,76262,5346],{"class":65},[47,76264,80],{"class":61},[33,76266,76268],{"id":76267},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76270,76271],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[138,76273,76274,76282,76291,76302,76308],{},[141,76275,76276,76279,76280,6231],{},[15,76277,76278],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76281,1704],{},[141,76283,76284,76287,76288,76290],{},[15,76285,76286],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76289,1704],{}," to the end",[141,76292,76293,76296,76297,76299,76300],{},[15,76294,76295],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76298,252],{}," up to ",[15,76301,5026],{},[141,76303,76304,76307],{},[15,76305,76306],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[141,76309,76310,76313],{},[15,76311,76312],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76315,318],{},[38,76317,76319],{"className":40,"code":76318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76320,76321,76354,76358,76375,76392,76413,76430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76322,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76324,54],{"class":53},[47,76326,58],{"class":57},[47,76328,62],{"class":61},[47,76330,437],{"class":65},[47,76332,69],{"class":61},[47,76334,8054],{"class":65},[47,76336,69],{"class":61},[47,76338,8059],{"class":65},[47,76340,69],{"class":61},[47,76342,51113],{"class":65},[47,76344,69],{"class":61},[47,76346,5346],{"class":65},[47,76348,69],{"class":61},[47,76350,76351],{"class":65}," 60",[47,76353,80],{"class":61},[47,76355,76356],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76357,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,76359,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76361,103],{"class":102},[47,76363,106],{"class":61},[47,76365,86],{"class":92},[47,76367,75787],{"class":61},[47,76369,66],{"class":65},[47,76371,20711],{"class":61},[47,76373,76374],{"class":114},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76376,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76378,103],{"class":102},[47,76380,106],{"class":61},[47,76382,86],{"class":92},[47,76384,229],{"class":61},[47,76386,66],{"class":65},[47,76388,76165],{"class":61},[47,76390,76391],{"class":114},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76393,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,76395,103],{"class":102},[47,76397,106],{"class":61},[47,76399,86],{"class":92},[47,76401,229],{"class":61},[47,76403,232],{"class":65},[47,76405,136],{"class":61},[47,76407,173],{"class":65},[47,76409,20711],{"class":61},[47,76411,76412],{"class":114},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76414,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,76416,103],{"class":102},[47,76418,106],{"class":61},[47,76420,86],{"class":92},[47,76422,74380],{"class":61},[47,76424,2340],{"class":65},[47,76426,20711],{"class":61},[47,76428,76429],{"class":114},"   # every second item\n",[47,76431,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,76433,103],{"class":102},[47,76435,106],{"class":61},[47,76437,86],{"class":92},[47,76439,74380],{"class":61},[47,76441,2306],{"class":57},[47,76443,232],{"class":65},[47,76445,20711],{"class":61},[47,76447,76448],{"class":114},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76450,219],{},[38,76452,76454],{"className":40,"code":76453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76455,76456,76472,76488,76508,76524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76457,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76459,229],{"class":61},[47,76461,437],{"class":65},[47,76463,69],{"class":61},[47,76465,8054],{"class":65},[47,76467,69],{"class":61},[47,76469,8059],{"class":65},[47,76471,80],{"class":61},[47,76473,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76475,229],{"class":61},[47,76477,56958],{"class":65},[47,76479,69],{"class":61},[47,76481,5346],{"class":65},[47,76483,69],{"class":61},[47,76485,76351],{"class":65},[47,76487,80],{"class":61},[47,76489,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76491,229],{"class":61},[47,76493,16019],{"class":65},[47,76495,69],{"class":61},[47,76497,8059],{"class":65},[47,76499,69],{"class":61},[47,76501,51113],{"class":65},[47,76503,69],{"class":61},[47,76505,5346],{"class":65},[47,76507,80],{"class":61},[47,76509,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76511,229],{"class":61},[47,76513,437],{"class":65},[47,76515,69],{"class":61},[47,76517,8059],{"class":65},[47,76519,69],{"class":61},[47,76521,5346],{"class":65},[47,76523,80],{"class":61},[47,76525,76526,76528,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,76527,229],{"class":61},[47,76529,76530],{"class":65},"60",[47,76532,69],{"class":61},[47,76534,5346],{"class":65},[47,76536,69],{"class":61},[47,76538,51113],{"class":65},[47,76540,69],{"class":61},[47,76542,8059],{"class":65},[47,76544,69],{"class":61},[47,76546,8054],{"class":65},[47,76548,69],{"class":61},[47,76550,503],{"class":65},[47,76552,80],{"class":61},[20,76554,76555,76556,89],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[252,76557,15152],{"href":57485},[33,76559,76561],{"id":76560},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76563,76564],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76566,5739],{},[138,76568,76569,76575],{},[141,76570,76571,76574],{},[15,76572,76573],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[141,76576,76577,76580],{},[15,76578,76579],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76582,76583],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,76585,76587],{"className":40,"code":76586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76588,76589,76637,76641,76660,76679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76590,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76592,1639],{"class":53},[47,76594,58],{"class":57},[47,76596,62],{"class":61},[47,76598,633],{"class":632},[47,76600,252],{"class":636},[47,76602,633],{"class":632},[47,76604,69],{"class":61},[47,76606,644],{"class":632},[47,76608,5026],{"class":636},[47,76610,633],{"class":632},[47,76612,69],{"class":61},[47,76614,644],{"class":632},[47,76616,10004],{"class":636},[47,76618,633],{"class":632},[47,76620,69],{"class":61},[47,76622,644],{"class":632},[47,76624,19032],{"class":636},[47,76626,633],{"class":632},[47,76628,69],{"class":61},[47,76630,644],{"class":632},[47,76632,60712],{"class":636},[47,76634,633],{"class":632},[47,76636,80],{"class":61},[47,76638,76639],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76640,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,76642,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76644,103],{"class":102},[47,76646,106],{"class":61},[47,76648,1659],{"class":92},[47,76650,229],{"class":61},[47,76652,2306],{"class":57},[47,76654,232],{"class":65},[47,76656,20711],{"class":61},[47,76658,76659],{"class":114},"    # last item\n",[47,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76663,103],{"class":102},[47,76665,106],{"class":61},[47,76667,1659],{"class":92},[47,76669,229],{"class":61},[47,76671,2306],{"class":57},[47,76673,66],{"class":65},[47,76675,76165],{"class":61},[47,76677,76678],{"class":114},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76680,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,76682,103],{"class":102},[47,76684,106],{"class":61},[47,76686,1659],{"class":92},[47,76688,75787],{"class":61},[47,76690,2306],{"class":57},[47,76692,232],{"class":65},[47,76694,20711],{"class":61},[47,76696,76697],{"class":114},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76699,219],{},[38,76701,76703],{"className":40,"code":76702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76704,76705,76710,76738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76706,76707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76708,76709],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76711,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76713,229],{"class":61},[47,76715,699],{"class":632},[47,76717,10004],{"class":636},[47,76719,699],{"class":632},[47,76721,69],{"class":61},[47,76723,708],{"class":632},[47,76725,19032],{"class":636},[47,76727,699],{"class":632},[47,76729,69],{"class":61},[47,76731,708],{"class":632},[47,76733,60712],{"class":636},[47,76735,699],{"class":632},[47,76737,80],{"class":61},[47,76739,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76741,229],{"class":61},[47,76743,699],{"class":632},[47,76745,252],{"class":636},[47,76747,699],{"class":632},[47,76749,69],{"class":61},[47,76751,708],{"class":632},[47,76753,5026],{"class":636},[47,76755,699],{"class":632},[47,76757,69],{"class":61},[47,76759,708],{"class":632},[47,76761,10004],{"class":636},[47,76763,699],{"class":632},[47,76765,69],{"class":61},[47,76767,708],{"class":632},[47,76769,19032],{"class":636},[47,76771,699],{"class":632},[47,76773,80],{"class":61},[20,76775,13315],{},[138,76777,76778,76781,76785,76791,76797],{},[141,76779,76780],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[141,76782,76783,76574],{},[15,76784,76573],{},[141,76786,76787,76790],{},[15,76788,76789],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[141,76792,76793,76796],{},[15,76794,76795],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[141,76798,76799,76800,1233,76802],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76801,36339],{},[15,76803,75678],{},[33,76805,76807],{"id":76806},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76809,956,76810,76812],{},[15,76811,75681],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[138,76814,76815,76818,76821,76826,76836],{},[141,76816,76817],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[141,76819,76820],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[141,76822,76823,76825],{},[15,76824,76312],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[141,76827,9139,76828,76830,76831,76833,76834],{},[15,76829,75681],{}," is negative, ",[15,76832,36339],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76835,75678],{},[141,76837,76838,76840,76841],{},[15,76839,75681],{}," cannot be ",[15,76842,2403],{},[20,76844,76845],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,76847,76849],{"className":40,"code":76848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76850,76851,76883,76887,76904,76926,76945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76852,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76854,54],{"class":53},[47,76856,58],{"class":57},[47,76858,62],{"class":61},[47,76860,437],{"class":65},[47,76862,69],{"class":61},[47,76864,8054],{"class":65},[47,76866,69],{"class":61},[47,76868,8059],{"class":65},[47,76870,69],{"class":61},[47,76872,51113],{"class":65},[47,76874,69],{"class":61},[47,76876,5346],{"class":65},[47,76878,69],{"class":61},[47,76880,76351],{"class":65},[47,76882,80],{"class":61},[47,76884,76885],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76886,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,76890,103],{"class":102},[47,76892,106],{"class":61},[47,76894,86],{"class":92},[47,76896,74380],{"class":61},[47,76898,2340],{"class":65},[47,76900,20711],{"class":61},[47,76902,76903],{"class":114},"     # every second item\n",[47,76905,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76919,76921,76923],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,76907,103],{"class":102},[47,76909,106],{"class":61},[47,76911,86],{"class":92},[47,76913,229],{"class":61},[47,76915,232],{"class":65},[47,76917,76918],{"class":61},"::",[47,76920,2340],{"class":65},[47,76922,20711],{"class":61},[47,76924,76925],{"class":114},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76927,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,76929,103],{"class":102},[47,76931,106],{"class":61},[47,76933,86],{"class":92},[47,76935,74380],{"class":61},[47,76937,2306],{"class":57},[47,76939,232],{"class":65},[47,76941,20711],{"class":61},[47,76943,76944],{"class":114},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76946,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,76948,103],{"class":102},[47,76950,106],{"class":61},[47,76952,86],{"class":92},[47,76954,229],{"class":61},[47,76956,334],{"class":65},[47,76958,136],{"class":61},[47,76960,232],{"class":65},[47,76962,136],{"class":61},[47,76964,2306],{"class":57},[47,76966,232],{"class":65},[47,76968,20711],{"class":61},[47,76970,76971],{"class":114},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76973,219],{},[38,76975,76977],{"className":40,"code":76976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76978,76979,76995,77011,77039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76980,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76982,229],{"class":61},[47,76984,437],{"class":65},[47,76986,69],{"class":61},[47,76988,8059],{"class":65},[47,76990,69],{"class":61},[47,76992,5346],{"class":65},[47,76994,80],{"class":61},[47,76996,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,76998,229],{"class":61},[47,77000,16019],{"class":65},[47,77002,69],{"class":61},[47,77004,51113],{"class":65},[47,77006,69],{"class":61},[47,77008,76351],{"class":65},[47,77010,80],{"class":61},[47,77012,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77014,229],{"class":61},[47,77016,76530],{"class":65},[47,77018,69],{"class":61},[47,77020,5346],{"class":65},[47,77022,69],{"class":61},[47,77024,51113],{"class":65},[47,77026,69],{"class":61},[47,77028,8059],{"class":65},[47,77030,69],{"class":61},[47,77032,8054],{"class":65},[47,77034,69],{"class":61},[47,77036,503],{"class":65},[47,77038,80],{"class":61},[47,77040,77041,77043,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,77042,229],{"class":61},[47,77044,77045],{"class":65},"50",[47,77047,69],{"class":61},[47,77049,51113],{"class":65},[47,77051,69],{"class":61},[47,77053,8059],{"class":65},[47,77055,80],{"class":61},[20,77057,77058,77059,89],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[252,77060,77061],{"href":75058},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1404,77063,77065],{"id":77064},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77067,3116],{},[38,77069,77071],{"className":40,"code":77070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77072,77073,77093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77074,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77076,54],{"class":53},[47,77078,58],{"class":57},[47,77080,62],{"class":61},[47,77082,232],{"class":65},[47,77084,69],{"class":61},[47,77086,77],{"class":65},[47,77088,69],{"class":61},[47,77090,442],{"class":65},[47,77092,80],{"class":61},[47,77094,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77096,103],{"class":102},[47,77098,106],{"class":61},[47,77100,86],{"class":92},[47,77102,74380],{"class":61},[47,77104,2403],{"class":65},[47,77106,2040],{"class":61},[20,77108,77109,77110,77112,77113,77115],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77111,40969],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77114,2403],{}," does not make sense.",[33,77117,77119],{"id":77118},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77121,77122],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1404,77124,77126],{"id":77125},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,77128,77130],{"className":40,"code":77129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77131,77132,77156,77160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77133,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77135,54],{"class":53},[47,77137,58],{"class":57},[47,77139,62],{"class":61},[47,77141,437],{"class":65},[47,77143,69],{"class":61},[47,77145,8054],{"class":65},[47,77147,69],{"class":61},[47,77149,8059],{"class":65},[47,77151,69],{"class":61},[47,77153,51113],{"class":65},[47,77155,80],{"class":61},[47,77157,77158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77159,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77161,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77163,103],{"class":102},[47,77165,106],{"class":61},[47,77167,86],{"class":92},[47,77169,229],{"class":61},[47,77171,2340],{"class":65},[47,77173,2040],{"class":61},[20,77175,219],{},[38,77177,77178],{"className":40,"code":70099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77179,77180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77181,77182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77183,70099],{"class":65},[1404,77185,77187],{"id":77186},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,77189,77191],{"className":40,"code":77190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77192,77193,77217,77221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77194,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77196,54],{"class":53},[47,77198,58],{"class":57},[47,77200,62],{"class":61},[47,77202,437],{"class":65},[47,77204,69],{"class":61},[47,77206,8054],{"class":65},[47,77208,69],{"class":61},[47,77210,8059],{"class":65},[47,77212,69],{"class":61},[47,77214,51113],{"class":65},[47,77216,80],{"class":61},[47,77218,77219],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77220,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77222,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77224,103],{"class":102},[47,77226,106],{"class":61},[47,77228,86],{"class":92},[47,77230,229],{"class":61},[47,77232,2340],{"class":65},[47,77234,136],{"class":61},[47,77236,66],{"class":65},[47,77238,2040],{"class":61},[20,77240,219],{},[38,77242,77244],{"className":40,"code":77243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,77245,77246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77247,77248,77250,77252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77249,229],{"class":61},[47,77251,37105],{"class":65},[47,77253,80],{"class":61},[20,77255,14027],{},[138,77257,77258,77264],{},[141,77259,77260,77263],{},[15,77261,77262],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[141,77265,77266,77269],{},[15,77267,77268],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77271,77272],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[138,77274,77275,77278],{},[141,77276,77277],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[141,77279,77280],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77282,318],{},[38,77284,77286],{"className":40,"code":77285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77287,77288,77308,77312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77289,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77291,54],{"class":53},[47,77293,58],{"class":57},[47,77295,62],{"class":61},[47,77297,437],{"class":65},[47,77299,69],{"class":61},[47,77301,8054],{"class":65},[47,77303,69],{"class":61},[47,77305,8059],{"class":65},[47,77307,80],{"class":61},[47,77309,77310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77311,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77313,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77315,103],{"class":102},[47,77317,106],{"class":61},[47,77319,86],{"class":92},[47,77321,229],{"class":61},[47,77323,173],{"class":65},[47,77325,136],{"class":61},[47,77327,437],{"class":65},[47,77329,2040],{"class":61},[20,77331,219],{},[38,77333,77334],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77335,77336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77337,77338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77339,38562],{"class":61},[20,77341,77342],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,77344,77346],{"className":40,"code":77345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77347,77348,77368,77372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77351,54],{"class":53},[47,77353,58],{"class":57},[47,77355,62],{"class":61},[47,77357,437],{"class":65},[47,77359,69],{"class":61},[47,77361,8054],{"class":65},[47,77363,69],{"class":61},[47,77365,8059],{"class":65},[47,77367,80],{"class":61},[47,77369,77370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77371,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77373,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77375,103],{"class":102},[47,77377,106],{"class":61},[47,77379,86],{"class":92},[47,77381,229],{"class":61},[47,77383,173],{"class":65},[47,77385,2040],{"class":61},[20,77387,77388,77389,89],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[252,77390,69518],{"href":69517},[33,77392,15441],{"id":77393},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77395,77396],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[138,77398,77399,77403,77405,77408,77414],{},[141,77400,1579,77401,75993],{},[15,77402,75678],{},[141,77404,60956],{},[141,77406,77407],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[141,77409,37468,77410,8968,77412],{},[15,77411,76312],{},[15,77413,73785],{},[141,77415,77416,77417,77419],{},"Using step ",[15,77418,2403],{},", which causes an error",[1404,77421,77423],{"id":77422},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,77425,77427],{"className":40,"code":77426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77428,77429,77457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77430,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77432,54],{"class":53},[47,77434,58],{"class":57},[47,77436,62],{"class":61},[47,77438,437],{"class":65},[47,77440,69],{"class":61},[47,77442,8054],{"class":65},[47,77444,69],{"class":61},[47,77446,8059],{"class":65},[47,77448,69],{"class":61},[47,77450,51113],{"class":65},[47,77452,69],{"class":61},[47,77454,5346],{"class":65},[47,77456,80],{"class":61},[47,77458,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77460,103],{"class":102},[47,77462,106],{"class":61},[47,77464,86],{"class":92},[47,77466,229],{"class":61},[47,77468,232],{"class":65},[47,77470,136],{"class":61},[47,77472,334],{"class":65},[47,77474,2040],{"class":61},[20,77476,77477],{},"This returns:",[38,77479,77481],{"className":40,"code":77480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77482,77483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77486,229],{"class":61},[47,77488,16019],{"class":65},[47,77490,69],{"class":61},[47,77492,8059],{"class":65},[47,77494,69],{"class":61},[47,77496,51113],{"class":65},[47,77498,80],{"class":61},[20,77500,41171,77501,77503,77504,77506,77507,89],{},[4015,77502,4896],{}," include ",[15,77505,77045],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77508,334],{},[1404,77510,77512],{"id":77511},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77514,1590],{},[38,77516,77518],{"className":40,"code":77517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77519,77520,77540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77521,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77523,54],{"class":53},[47,77525,58],{"class":57},[47,77527,62],{"class":61},[47,77529,437],{"class":65},[47,77531,69],{"class":61},[47,77533,8054],{"class":65},[47,77535,69],{"class":61},[47,77537,8059],{"class":65},[47,77539,80],{"class":61},[47,77541,77542],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77543,77544],{"class":114},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77546,77547],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,77549,77551],{"className":40,"code":77550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77552,77553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77554,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77556,103],{"class":102},[47,77558,106],{"class":61},[47,77560,86],{"class":92},[47,77562,229],{"class":61},[47,77564,232],{"class":65},[47,77566,136],{"class":61},[47,77568,66],{"class":65},[47,77570,2040],{"class":61},[1404,77572,77574],{"id":77573},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77576,77577],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,77579,77581],{"className":40,"code":77580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77582,77583,77607,77621,77625,77635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77584,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77586,54],{"class":53},[47,77588,58],{"class":57},[47,77590,62],{"class":61},[47,77592,437],{"class":65},[47,77594,69],{"class":61},[47,77596,8054],{"class":65},[47,77598,69],{"class":61},[47,77600,8059],{"class":65},[47,77602,69],{"class":61},[47,77604,51113],{"class":65},[47,77606,80],{"class":61},[47,77608,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77610,75911],{"class":53},[47,77612,58],{"class":57},[47,77614,1447],{"class":53},[47,77616,75787],{"class":61},[47,77618,2340],{"class":65},[47,77620,80],{"class":61},[47,77622,77623],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77624,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77626,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,77628,103],{"class":102},[47,77630,106],{"class":61},[47,77632,75934],{"class":92},[47,77634,216],{"class":61},[47,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,77638,103],{"class":102},[47,77640,106],{"class":61},[47,77642,86],{"class":92},[47,77644,216],{"class":61},[20,77646,219],{},[38,77648,77650],{"className":40,"code":77649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77651,77652,77664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77653,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77655,229],{"class":61},[47,77657,437],{"class":65},[47,77659,69],{"class":61},[47,77661,8054],{"class":65},[47,77663,80],{"class":61},[47,77665,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77667,229],{"class":61},[47,77669,437],{"class":65},[47,77671,69],{"class":61},[47,77673,8054],{"class":65},[47,77675,69],{"class":61},[47,77677,8059],{"class":65},[47,77679,69],{"class":61},[47,77681,51113],{"class":65},[47,77683,80],{"class":61},[20,77685,77686],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1404,77688,77690,77691,8968,77693],{"id":77689},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77692,76312],{},[15,77694,73785],{},[38,77696,77698],{"className":40,"code":77697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77699,77700,77720,77724,77741,77752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77701,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77703,54],{"class":53},[47,77705,58],{"class":57},[47,77707,62],{"class":61},[47,77709,437],{"class":65},[47,77711,69],{"class":61},[47,77713,8054],{"class":65},[47,77715,69],{"class":61},[47,77717,8059],{"class":65},[47,77719,80],{"class":61},[47,77721,77722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77723,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,77725,77726,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77727,77728],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77730,58],{"class":57},[47,77732,1447],{"class":53},[47,77734,74380],{"class":61},[47,77736,2306],{"class":57},[47,77738,232],{"class":65},[47,77740,80],{"class":61},[47,77742,77743,77745,77747,77750],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,77744,103],{"class":102},[47,77746,106],{"class":61},[47,77748,77749],{"class":92},"reversed_copy",[47,77751,216],{"class":61},[47,77753,77754,77756,77758,77760],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,77755,103],{"class":102},[47,77757,106],{"class":61},[47,77759,86],{"class":92},[47,77761,216],{"class":61},[20,77763,219],{},[38,77765,77767],{"className":40,"code":77766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77768,77769,77785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77770,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77772,229],{"class":61},[47,77774,37105],{"class":65},[47,77776,69],{"class":61},[47,77778,8054],{"class":65},[47,77780,69],{"class":61},[47,77782,503],{"class":65},[47,77784,80],{"class":61},[47,77786,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77788,229],{"class":61},[47,77790,437],{"class":65},[47,77792,69],{"class":61},[47,77794,8054],{"class":65},[47,77796,69],{"class":61},[47,77798,8059],{"class":65},[47,77800,80],{"class":61},[20,77802,77803,77806],{},[15,77804,77805],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77808,77809,77810,77813],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77811,77812],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1404,77815,77817],{"id":77816},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77819,77820],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,77822,77824],{"className":40,"code":77823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77825,77826,77846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77827,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77829,54],{"class":53},[47,77831,58],{"class":57},[47,77833,62],{"class":61},[47,77835,437],{"class":65},[47,77837,69],{"class":61},[47,77839,8054],{"class":65},[47,77841,69],{"class":61},[47,77843,8059],{"class":65},[47,77845,80],{"class":61},[47,77847,77848],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77849,77850],{"class":114},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77852,77853,77854,89],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77855,40969],{},[33,77857,77859],{"id":77858},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77861,77862],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[138,77864,77865,77872,77878,77881,77884],{},[141,77866,37468,77867,1233,77869,77871],{},[15,77868,36339],{},[15,77870,75678],{}," positions",[141,77873,77874,77875,77877],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77876,75678],{}," index is included",[141,77879,77880],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[141,77882,77883],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[141,77885,77886],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77888,77889],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,77891,77893],{"className":40,"code":77892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77894,77895,77905,77919,77937,77951,77968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77896,77897,77899,77901,77903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77898,103],{"class":102},[47,77900,106],{"class":61},[47,77902,269],{"class":92},[47,77904,216],{"class":61},[47,77906,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,77908,103],{"class":102},[47,77910,106],{"class":61},[47,77912,969],{"class":102},[47,77914,106],{"class":61},[47,77916,269],{"class":92},[47,77918,1978],{"class":61},[47,77920,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,77922,103],{"class":102},[47,77924,106],{"class":61},[47,77926,269],{"class":92},[47,77928,229],{"class":61},[47,77930,232],{"class":65},[47,77932,136],{"class":61},[47,77934,334],{"class":65},[47,77936,2040],{"class":61},[47,77938,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,77940,103],{"class":102},[47,77942,106],{"class":61},[47,77944,269],{"class":92},[47,77946,75787],{"class":61},[47,77948,66],{"class":65},[47,77950,2040],{"class":61},[47,77952,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,77954,103],{"class":102},[47,77956,106],{"class":61},[47,77958,269],{"class":92},[47,77960,229],{"class":61},[47,77962,2306],{"class":57},[47,77964,66],{"class":65},[47,77966,77967],{"class":61},":])\n",[47,77969,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,77971,103],{"class":102},[47,77973,106],{"class":61},[47,77975,269],{"class":92},[47,77977,74380],{"class":61},[47,77979,2306],{"class":57},[47,77981,232],{"class":65},[47,77983,2040],{"class":61},[20,77985,8681,77986,77988,77989,77993],{},[15,77987,42627],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[252,77990,77992],{"href":77991},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[33,77995,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,77997,77999],{"id":77998},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78001,78002],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1404,78004,78006],{"id":78005},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78008,78009],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1404,78011,5408,78013,40225],{"id":78012},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78014,76312],{},[20,78016,78017],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1404,78019,78021,78022,2099],{"id":78020},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78023,70990],{},[20,78025,78026],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[33,78028,2187],{"id":2186},[138,78030,78031,78036,78041,78045,78049,78053],{},[141,78032,78033],{},[252,78034,78035],{"href":254},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[141,78037,78038],{},[252,78039,78040],{"href":57419},"How to create a list in Python",[141,78042,78043],{},[252,78044,15229],{"href":57485},[141,78046,78047],{},[252,78048,75059],{"href":75058},[141,78050,78051],{},[252,78052,77992],{"href":77991},[141,78054,78055],{},[252,78056,69518],{"href":69517},[20,78058,78059,78060,78062],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78061,42627],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2210,78064,78065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":78067},[78068,78069,78070,78071,78072,78073,78076,78080,78088,78089,78097],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":75842,"depth":83,"text":75843},{"id":76005,"depth":83,"text":76006},{"id":76267,"depth":83,"text":76268},{"id":76560,"depth":83,"text":76561},{"id":76806,"depth":83,"text":76807,"children":78074},[78075],{"id":77064,"depth":99,"text":77065},{"id":77118,"depth":83,"text":77119,"children":78077},[78078,78079],{"id":77125,"depth":99,"text":77126},{"id":77186,"depth":99,"text":77187},{"id":77393,"depth":83,"text":15441,"children":78081},[78082,78083,78084,78085,78087],{"id":77422,"depth":99,"text":77423},{"id":77511,"depth":99,"text":77512},{"id":77573,"depth":99,"text":77574},{"id":77689,"depth":99,"text":78086},"4. 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ence\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80036,"toc":82625},[80037,80042,80047,80050,80061,80064,80084,80086,80148,80150,80191,80200,80205,80210,80216,80227,80229,80248,80251,80256,80261,80263,80268,80282,80284,80302,80305,80322,80325,80331,80354,80359,80361,80364,80425,80427,80460,80462,80501,80509,80519,80525,80530,80623,80625,80649,80651,80669,80672,80703,80709,80714,80717,80719,80844,80846,80870,80872,80891,80897,80903,81022,81024,81041,81048,81054,81059,81066,81072,81074,81131,81134,81155,81158,81161,81222,81224,81257,81261,81331,81333,81350,81354,81357,81432,81434,81471,81474,81477,81548,81550,81611,81616,81621,81624,81638,81640,81713,81715,81735,81738,81741,81798,81860,81863,81895,81898,81913,81918,81920,81926,81929,81985,81988,81990,82009,82013,82015,82059,82068,82070,82130,82134,82137,82139,82232,82234,82349,82353,82355,82429,82432,82435,82437,82442,82507,82509,82533,82543,82545,82551,82560,82569,82578,82584,82587,82591,82594,82596,82622],[10,80038,1386,80040,3855],{"id":80039},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80041,39981],{},[20,80043,3858,80044,80046],{},[15,80045,39981],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80048,80049],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[138,80051,80052,80055,80058],{},[141,80053,80054],{},"converting numbers to strings",[141,80056,80057],{},"changing strings to integers",[141,80059,80060],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80062,80063],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[138,80065,80066,80073,80079],{},[141,80067,80068,14318,80070,80072],{},[15,80069,39981],{},[4015,80071,4896],{}," return a list in Python 3",[141,80074,80075,80076],{},"it returns a ",[4015,80077,80078],{},"map object",[141,80080,80081,80082],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80083,25045],{},[33,80085,36],{"id":35},[38,80087,80089],{"className":40,"code":80088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80090,80091,80115,80134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80094,54],{"class":53},[47,80096,58],{"class":57},[47,80098,62],{"class":61},[47,80100,232],{"class":65},[47,80102,69],{"class":61},[47,80104,77],{"class":65},[47,80106,69],{"class":61},[47,80108,442],{"class":65},[47,80110,69],{"class":61},[47,80112,402],{"class":65},[47,80114,80],{"class":61},[47,80116,80117,80119,80121,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80118,1442],{"class":53},[47,80120,58],{"class":57},[47,80122,80123],{"class":102}," map",[47,80125,106],{"class":61},[47,80127,883],{"class":882},[47,80129,69],{"class":61},[47,80131,1447],{"class":92},[47,80133,216],{"class":61},[47,80135,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,80137,103],{"class":102},[47,80139,106],{"class":61},[47,80141,8358],{"class":882},[47,80143,106],{"class":61},[47,80145,1466],{"class":92},[47,80147,1978],{"class":61},[20,80149,219],{},[38,80151,80153],{"className":40,"code":80152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80154,80155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80156,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185,80187,80189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80158,229],{"class":61},[47,80160,699],{"class":632},[47,80162,232],{"class":636},[47,80164,699],{"class":632},[47,80166,69],{"class":61},[47,80168,708],{"class":632},[47,80170,2340],{"class":636},[47,80172,699],{"class":632},[47,80174,69],{"class":61},[47,80176,708],{"class":632},[47,80178,66],{"class":636},[47,80180,699],{"class":632},[47,80182,69],{"class":61},[47,80184,708],{"class":632},[47,80186,334],{"class":636},[47,80188,699],{"class":632},[47,80190,80],{"class":61},[20,80192,118,80193,80196,80197,80199],{},[15,80194,80195],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80198,25045],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[33,80201,128,80203,131],{"id":80202},"what-map-does",[15,80204,39981],{},[20,80206,80207,80209],{},[15,80208,39981],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80211,80212,80213,80215],{},"An ",[4015,80214,3992],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[138,80217,80218,80220,80222,80224],{},[141,80219,38166],{},[141,80221,38169],{},[141,80223,38172],{},[141,80225,80226],{},"a range object",[20,80228,30991],{},[38,80230,80232],{"className":40,"code":80231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80233,80234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80235,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80237,40124],{"class":102},[47,80239,106],{"class":61},[47,80241,38125],{"class":92},[47,80243,69],{"class":61},[47,80245,38130],{"class":92},[47,80247,216],{"class":61},[20,80249,80250],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80252,80253,80254,34008],{},"Important: the result is a ",[4015,80255,80078],{},[20,80257,80258,80259,89],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[252,80260,5402],{"href":5401},[33,80262,259],{"id":258},[20,80264,80265,80267],{},[15,80266,39981],{}," needs at least two parts:",[138,80269,80270,80276],{},[141,80271,80272,80275],{},[4015,80273,80274],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[141,80277,80278,80281],{},[4015,80279,80280],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80283,3977],{},[38,80285,80286],{"className":40,"code":80231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80287,80288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80289,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80291,40124],{"class":102},[47,80293,106],{"class":61},[47,80295,38125],{"class":92},[47,80297,69],{"class":61},[47,80299,38130],{"class":92},[47,80301,216],{"class":61},[20,80303,80304],{},"You can pass:",[138,80306,80307,80316,80319],{},[141,80308,80309,80310,2472,80312,2476,80314],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80311,883],{},[15,80313,2471],{},[15,80315,2301],{},[141,80317,80318],{},"your own custom function",[141,80320,80321],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80323,80324],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80326,80327,80328,80330],{},"You will often see ",[15,80329,39981],{}," used like this:",[38,80332,80334],{"className":40,"code":80333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80335,80336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80337,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80339,8358],{"class":882},[47,80341,106],{"class":61},[47,80343,40124],{"class":102},[47,80345,106],{"class":61},[47,80347,38125],{"class":92},[47,80349,69],{"class":61},[47,80351,4156],{"class":92},[47,80353,1978],{"class":61},[20,80355,6941,80356,80358],{},[15,80357,25045],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[33,80360,11739],{"id":11738},[20,80362,80363],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,80365,80367],{"className":40,"code":80366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80368,80369,80389,80407,80411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80370,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80372,54],{"class":53},[47,80374,58],{"class":57},[47,80376,62],{"class":61},[47,80378,437],{"class":65},[47,80380,69],{"class":61},[47,80382,8054],{"class":65},[47,80384,69],{"class":61},[47,80386,8059],{"class":65},[47,80388,80],{"class":61},[47,80390,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80392,1442],{"class":53},[47,80394,58],{"class":57},[47,80396,80123],{"class":102},[47,80398,106],{"class":61},[47,80400,883],{"class":882},[47,80402,69],{"class":61},[47,80404,1447],{"class":92},[47,80406,216],{"class":61},[47,80408,80409],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,80410,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80412,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,80414,103],{"class":102},[47,80416,106],{"class":61},[47,80418,8358],{"class":882},[47,80420,106],{"class":61},[47,80422,1466],{"class":92},[47,80424,1978],{"class":61},[20,80426,219],{},[38,80428,80430],{"className":40,"code":80429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80431,80432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80433,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80435,229],{"class":61},[47,80437,699],{"class":632},[47,80439,437],{"class":636},[47,80441,699],{"class":632},[47,80443,69],{"class":61},[47,80445,708],{"class":632},[47,80447,16019],{"class":636},[47,80449,699],{"class":632},[47,80451,69],{"class":61},[47,80453,708],{"class":632},[47,80455,37105],{"class":636},[47,80457,699],{"class":632},[47,80459,80],{"class":61},[20,80461,11948],{},[138,80463,80464,80469,80477,80485,80493],{},[141,80465,80466,80468],{},[15,80467,86],{}," contains integers",[141,80470,80471,80474,80475],{},[15,80472,80473],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80476,47952],{},[141,80478,80479,42421,80482],{},[15,80480,80481],{},"str(10)",[15,80483,80484],{},"'10'",[141,80486,80487,42421,80490],{},[15,80488,80489],{},"str(20)",[15,80491,80492],{},"'20'",[141,80494,80495,42421,80498],{},[15,80496,80497],{},"str(30)",[15,80499,80500],{},"'30'",[20,80502,53923,80503,80505,80506,80508],{},[15,80504,39981],{}," applies ",[15,80507,47952],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80510,80511,80512,80514,80515,89],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80513,25045],{}," better, see ",[252,80516,1386,80517,3785],{"href":65107},[15,80518,25045],{},[33,80520,8681,80522,80524],{"id":80521},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80523,39981],{}," with your own function",[20,80526,15979,80527,80529],{},[15,80528,39981],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,80531,80533],{"className":40,"code":80532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80534,80535,80548,80558,80562,80586,80605,80609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80536,80537,80539,80542,80544,80546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80538,35116],{"class":2348},[47,80540,80541],{"class":35119}," double",[47,80543,106],{"class":61},[47,80545,2456],{"class":37927},[47,80547,8606],{"class":61},[47,80549,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80551,35127],{"class":2027},[47,80553,4151],{"class":53},[47,80555,40137],{"class":57},[47,80557,45857],{"class":65},[47,80559,80560],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,80561,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80563,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,80565,54],{"class":53},[47,80567,58],{"class":57},[47,80569,62],{"class":61},[47,80571,232],{"class":65},[47,80573,69],{"class":61},[47,80575,77],{"class":65},[47,80577,69],{"class":61},[47,80579,442],{"class":65},[47,80581,69],{"class":61},[47,80583,402],{"class":65},[47,80585,80],{"class":61},[47,80587,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596,80599,80601,80603],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,80589,1442],{"class":53},[47,80591,58],{"class":57},[47,80593,80123],{"class":102},[47,80595,106],{"class":61},[47,80597,80598],{"class":92},"double",[47,80600,69],{"class":61},[47,80602,1447],{"class":92},[47,80604,216],{"class":61},[47,80606,80607],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,80608,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80610,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,80612,103],{"class":102},[47,80614,106],{"class":61},[47,80616,8358],{"class":882},[47,80618,106],{"class":61},[47,80620,1466],{"class":92},[47,80622,1978],{"class":61},[20,80624,219],{},[38,80626,80627],{"className":40,"code":40150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80628,80629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80630,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80632,229],{"class":61},[47,80634,2340],{"class":65},[47,80636,69],{"class":61},[47,80638,402],{"class":65},[47,80640,69],{"class":61},[47,80642,37908],{"class":65},[47,80644,69],{"class":61},[47,80646,447],{"class":65},[47,80648,80],{"class":61},[20,80650,65844],{},[138,80652,80653,80660,80666],{},[141,80654,80655,80657,80658],{},[15,80656,39981],{}," takes the function ",[15,80659,80598],{},[141,80661,80662,80663,80665],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80664,86],{}," into that function",[141,80667,80668],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80670,80671],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[138,80673,80674,80681,80688,80696],{},[141,80675,80676,6336,80679],{},[15,80677,80678],{},"double(1)",[15,80680,2340],{},[141,80682,80683,6336,80686],{},[15,80684,80685],{},"double(2)",[15,80687,334],{},[141,80689,80690,6336,80693],{},[15,80691,80692],{},"double(3)",[15,80694,80695],{},"6",[141,80697,80698,6336,80701],{},[15,80699,80700],{},"double(4)",[15,80702,2627],{},[33,80704,8681,80706,80708],{"id":80705},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80707,39981],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80710,80711,80713],{},[15,80712,39981],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80715,80716],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80718,318],{},[38,80720,80722],{"className":40,"code":80721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80723,80724,80741,80751,80755,80776,80797,80801,80826,80830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80725,80726,80728,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80727,35116],{"class":2348},[47,80729,80730],{"class":35119}," add_numbers",[47,80732,106],{"class":61},[47,80734,252],{"class":37927},[47,80736,69],{"class":61},[47,80738,2839],{"class":37927},[47,80740,8606],{"class":61},[47,80742,80743,80745,80747,80749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80744,35127],{"class":2027},[47,80746,44812],{"class":53},[47,80748,2343],{"class":57},[47,80750,36447],{"class":53},[47,80752,80753],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,80754,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80756,80757,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,80758,80759],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80761,58],{"class":57},[47,80763,62],{"class":61},[47,80765,232],{"class":65},[47,80767,69],{"class":61},[47,80769,77],{"class":65},[47,80771,69],{"class":61},[47,80773,442],{"class":65},[47,80775,80],{"class":61},[47,80777,80778,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,80779,80780],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80782,58],{"class":57},[47,80784,62],{"class":61},[47,80786,437],{"class":65},[47,80788,69],{"class":61},[47,80790,8054],{"class":65},[47,80792,69],{"class":61},[47,80794,8059],{"class":65},[47,80796,80],{"class":61},[47,80798,80799],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,80800,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80802,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811,80814,80816,80819,80821,80824],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,80804,1442],{"class":53},[47,80806,58],{"class":57},[47,80808,80123],{"class":102},[47,80810,106],{"class":61},[47,80812,80813],{"class":92},"add_numbers",[47,80815,69],{"class":61},[47,80817,80818],{"class":92}," list1",[47,80820,69],{"class":61},[47,80822,80823],{"class":92}," list2",[47,80825,216],{"class":61},[47,80827,80828],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,80829,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80831,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,80833,103],{"class":102},[47,80835,106],{"class":61},[47,80837,8358],{"class":882},[47,80839,106],{"class":61},[47,80841,1466],{"class":92},[47,80843,1978],{"class":61},[20,80845,219],{},[38,80847,80849],{"className":40,"code":80848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80850,80851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80852,80853,80855,80858,80860,80863,80865,80868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80854,229],{"class":61},[47,80856,80857],{"class":65},"11",[47,80859,69],{"class":61},[47,80861,80862],{"class":65}," 22",[47,80864,69],{"class":61},[47,80866,80867],{"class":65}," 33",[47,80869,80],{"class":61},[20,80871,2461],{},[138,80873,80874,80880,80886],{},[141,80875,80876,80877],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80878,80879],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[141,80881,80882,80883],{},"then ",[15,80884,80885],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[141,80887,80882,80888],{},[15,80889,80890],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1404,80892,80894,80896],{"id":80893},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80895,39981],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80898,80899,80900,80902],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80901,39981],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,80904,80906],{"className":40,"code":80905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80907,80908,80924,80934,80938,80962,80978,80982,81004,81008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80909,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80911,35116],{"class":2348},[47,80913,80730],{"class":35119},[47,80915,106],{"class":61},[47,80917,252],{"class":37927},[47,80919,69],{"class":61},[47,80921,2839],{"class":37927},[47,80923,8606],{"class":61},[47,80925,80926,80928,80930,80932],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,80927,35127],{"class":2027},[47,80929,44812],{"class":53},[47,80931,2343],{"class":57},[47,80933,36447],{"class":53},[47,80935,80936],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,80937,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80939,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,80941,80759],{"class":53},[47,80943,58],{"class":57},[47,80945,62],{"class":61},[47,80947,232],{"class":65},[47,80949,69],{"class":61},[47,80951,77],{"class":65},[47,80953,69],{"class":61},[47,80955,442],{"class":65},[47,80957,69],{"class":61},[47,80959,402],{"class":65},[47,80961,80],{"class":61},[47,80963,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,80965,80780],{"class":53},[47,80967,58],{"class":57},[47,80969,62],{"class":61},[47,80971,437],{"class":65},[47,80973,69],{"class":61},[47,80975,8054],{"class":65},[47,80977,80],{"class":61},[47,80979,80980],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,80981,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,80983,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,80985,1442],{"class":53},[47,80987,58],{"class":57},[47,80989,80123],{"class":102},[47,80991,106],{"class":61},[47,80993,80813],{"class":92},[47,80995,69],{"class":61},[47,80997,80818],{"class":92},[47,80999,69],{"class":61},[47,81001,80823],{"class":92},[47,81003,216],{"class":61},[47,81005,81006],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,81007,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81009,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,81011,103],{"class":102},[47,81013,106],{"class":61},[47,81015,8358],{"class":882},[47,81017,106],{"class":61},[47,81019,1466],{"class":92},[47,81021,1978],{"class":61},[20,81023,219],{},[38,81025,81027],{"className":40,"code":81026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81028,81029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81030,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81032,229],{"class":61},[47,81034,80857],{"class":65},[47,81036,69],{"class":61},[47,81038,80862],{"class":65},[47,81040,80],{"class":61},[20,81042,81043,81044,81047],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81045,81046],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[33,81049,81051,81053],{"id":81050},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81052,39981],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81055,38288,81056,81058],{},[15,81057,39981],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81060,81061,81062,81065],{},"This object is ",[4015,81063,81064],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1404,81067,2769,81069,81071],{"id":81068},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81070,33294],{}," looks strange",[20,81073,33909],{},[38,81075,81077],{"className":40,"code":81076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81078,81079,81099,81117,81121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81082,54],{"class":53},[47,81084,58],{"class":57},[47,81086,62],{"class":61},[47,81088,232],{"class":65},[47,81090,69],{"class":61},[47,81092,77],{"class":65},[47,81094,69],{"class":61},[47,81096,442],{"class":65},[47,81098,80],{"class":61},[47,81100,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81102,1442],{"class":53},[47,81104,58],{"class":57},[47,81106,80123],{"class":102},[47,81108,106],{"class":61},[47,81110,883],{"class":882},[47,81112,69],{"class":61},[47,81114,1447],{"class":92},[47,81116,216],{"class":61},[47,81118,81119],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81120,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81122,81123,81125,81127,81129],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81124,103],{"class":102},[47,81126,106],{"class":61},[47,81128,1466],{"class":92},[47,81130,216],{"class":61},[20,81132,81133],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,81135,81137],{"className":40,"code":81136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81138,81139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81140,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81142,3568],{"class":57},[47,81144,40124],{"class":102},[47,81146,24882],{"class":882},[47,81148,37628],{"class":53},[47,81150,37632],{"class":37631},[47,81152,37635],{"class":34720},[47,81154,3580],{"class":57},[20,81156,81157],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81159,81160],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,81162,81164],{"className":40,"code":81163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81165,81166,81186,81204,81208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81169,54],{"class":53},[47,81171,58],{"class":57},[47,81173,62],{"class":61},[47,81175,232],{"class":65},[47,81177,69],{"class":61},[47,81179,77],{"class":65},[47,81181,69],{"class":61},[47,81183,442],{"class":65},[47,81185,80],{"class":61},[47,81187,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81189,1442],{"class":53},[47,81191,58],{"class":57},[47,81193,80123],{"class":102},[47,81195,106],{"class":61},[47,81197,883],{"class":882},[47,81199,69],{"class":61},[47,81201,1447],{"class":92},[47,81203,216],{"class":61},[47,81205,81206],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81207,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81211,103],{"class":102},[47,81213,106],{"class":61},[47,81215,8358],{"class":882},[47,81217,106],{"class":61},[47,81219,1466],{"class":92},[47,81221,1978],{"class":61},[20,81223,219],{},[38,81225,81227],{"className":40,"code":81226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81228,81229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81230,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81232,229],{"class":61},[47,81234,699],{"class":632},[47,81236,232],{"class":636},[47,81238,699],{"class":632},[47,81240,69],{"class":61},[47,81242,708],{"class":632},[47,81244,2340],{"class":636},[47,81246,699],{"class":632},[47,81248,69],{"class":61},[47,81250,708],{"class":632},[47,81252,66],{"class":636},[47,81254,699],{"class":632},[47,81256,80],{"class":61},[1404,81258,81260],{"id":81259},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,81262,81264],{"className":40,"code":81263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81265,81266,81286,81304,81308,81321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81267,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81269,54],{"class":53},[47,81271,58],{"class":57},[47,81273,62],{"class":61},[47,81275,232],{"class":65},[47,81277,69],{"class":61},[47,81279,77],{"class":65},[47,81281,69],{"class":61},[47,81283,442],{"class":65},[47,81285,80],{"class":61},[47,81287,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81289,1442],{"class":53},[47,81291,58],{"class":57},[47,81293,80123],{"class":102},[47,81295,106],{"class":61},[47,81297,883],{"class":882},[47,81299,69],{"class":61},[47,81301,1447],{"class":92},[47,81303,216],{"class":61},[47,81305,81306],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81307,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81309,81310,81312,81314,81316,81319],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81311,6224],{"class":2027},[47,81313,2031],{"class":53},[47,81315,2034],{"class":2027},[47,81317,81318],{"class":53}," result",[47,81320,6657],{"class":61},[47,81322,81323,81325,81327,81329],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,81324,8333],{"class":102},[47,81326,106],{"class":61},[47,81328,2022],{"class":92},[47,81330,216],{"class":61},[20,81332,219],{},[38,81334,81336],{"className":40,"code":81335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81337,81338,81342,81346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81339,81340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81341,47185],{"class":65},[47,81343,81344],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81345,17321],{"class":65},[47,81347,81348],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81349,46885],{"class":65},[1404,81351,81353],{"id":81352},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81355,81356],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,81358,81360],{"className":40,"code":81359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81361,81362,81382,81400,81404,81418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81365,54],{"class":53},[47,81367,58],{"class":57},[47,81369,62],{"class":61},[47,81371,232],{"class":65},[47,81373,69],{"class":61},[47,81375,77],{"class":65},[47,81377,69],{"class":61},[47,81379,442],{"class":65},[47,81381,80],{"class":61},[47,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81385,1442],{"class":53},[47,81387,58],{"class":57},[47,81389,80123],{"class":102},[47,81391,106],{"class":61},[47,81393,883],{"class":882},[47,81395,69],{"class":61},[47,81397,1447],{"class":92},[47,81399,216],{"class":61},[47,81401,81402],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81403,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81405,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81407,103],{"class":102},[47,81409,106],{"class":61},[47,81411,8358],{"class":882},[47,81413,106],{"class":61},[47,81415,1466],{"class":92},[47,81417,1978],{"class":61},[47,81419,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,81421,103],{"class":102},[47,81423,106],{"class":61},[47,81425,8358],{"class":882},[47,81427,106],{"class":61},[47,81429,1466],{"class":92},[47,81431,1978],{"class":61},[20,81433,219],{},[38,81435,81437],{"className":40,"code":81436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81438,81439,81467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81440,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81442,229],{"class":61},[47,81444,699],{"class":632},[47,81446,232],{"class":636},[47,81448,699],{"class":632},[47,81450,69],{"class":61},[47,81452,708],{"class":632},[47,81454,2340],{"class":636},[47,81456,699],{"class":632},[47,81458,69],{"class":61},[47,81460,708],{"class":632},[47,81462,66],{"class":636},[47,81464,699],{"class":632},[47,81466,80],{"class":61},[47,81468,81469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81470,38562],{"class":61},[20,81472,81473],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81475,81476],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,81478,81480],{"className":40,"code":81479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81481,81482,81502,81524,81528,81538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81483,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81485,54],{"class":53},[47,81487,58],{"class":57},[47,81489,62],{"class":61},[47,81491,232],{"class":65},[47,81493,69],{"class":61},[47,81495,77],{"class":65},[47,81497,69],{"class":61},[47,81499,442],{"class":65},[47,81501,80],{"class":61},[47,81503,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81505,1442],{"class":53},[47,81507,58],{"class":57},[47,81509,1644],{"class":882},[47,81511,106],{"class":61},[47,81513,40124],{"class":102},[47,81515,106],{"class":61},[47,81517,883],{"class":882},[47,81519,69],{"class":61},[47,81521,1447],{"class":92},[47,81523,1978],{"class":61},[47,81525,81526],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81527,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81529,81530,81532,81534,81536],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81531,103],{"class":102},[47,81533,106],{"class":61},[47,81535,1466],{"class":92},[47,81537,216],{"class":61},[47,81539,81540,81542,81544,81546],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,81541,103],{"class":102},[47,81543,106],{"class":61},[47,81545,1466],{"class":92},[47,81547,216],{"class":61},[20,81549,219],{},[38,81551,81553],{"className":40,"code":81552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81554,81555,81583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81556,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81558,229],{"class":61},[47,81560,699],{"class":632},[47,81562,232],{"class":636},[47,81564,699],{"class":632},[47,81566,69],{"class":61},[47,81568,708],{"class":632},[47,81570,2340],{"class":636},[47,81572,699],{"class":632},[47,81574,69],{"class":61},[47,81576,708],{"class":632},[47,81578,66],{"class":636},[47,81580,699],{"class":632},[47,81582,80],{"class":61},[47,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81586,229],{"class":61},[47,81588,699],{"class":632},[47,81590,232],{"class":636},[47,81592,699],{"class":632},[47,81594,69],{"class":61},[47,81596,708],{"class":632},[47,81598,2340],{"class":636},[47,81600,699],{"class":632},[47,81602,69],{"class":61},[47,81604,708],{"class":632},[47,81606,66],{"class":636},[47,81608,699],{"class":632},[47,81610,80],{"class":61},[33,81612,5227,81614],{"id":81613},"when-to-use-map",[15,81615,39981],{},[20,81617,81618,81620],{},[15,81619,39981],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81622,81623],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[138,81625,81626,81630,81634],{},[141,81627,81628],{},[15,81629,883],{},[141,81631,81632],{},[15,81633,2471],{},[141,81635,81636],{},[15,81637,2301],{},[20,81639,318],{},[38,81641,81643],{"className":40,"code":81642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81644,81645,81677,81699,81703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81646,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81648,4095],{"class":53},[47,81650,58],{"class":57},[47,81652,62],{"class":61},[47,81654,699],{"class":632},[47,81656,232],{"class":636},[47,81658,699],{"class":632},[47,81660,69],{"class":61},[47,81662,708],{"class":632},[47,81664,2340],{"class":636},[47,81666,699],{"class":632},[47,81668,69],{"class":61},[47,81670,708],{"class":632},[47,81672,66],{"class":636},[47,81674,699],{"class":632},[47,81676,80],{"class":61},[47,81678,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81680,54],{"class":53},[47,81682,58],{"class":57},[47,81684,1644],{"class":882},[47,81686,106],{"class":61},[47,81688,40124],{"class":102},[47,81690,106],{"class":61},[47,81692,2471],{"class":882},[47,81694,69],{"class":61},[47,81696,4156],{"class":92},[47,81698,1978],{"class":61},[47,81700,81701],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81702,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81704,81705,81707,81709,81711],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81706,103],{"class":102},[47,81708,106],{"class":61},[47,81710,86],{"class":92},[47,81712,216],{"class":61},[20,81714,219],{},[38,81716,81717],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81718,81719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81720,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81722,229],{"class":61},[47,81724,232],{"class":65},[47,81726,69],{"class":61},[47,81728,77],{"class":65},[47,81730,69],{"class":61},[47,81732,442],{"class":65},[47,81734,80],{"class":61},[20,81736,81737],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81739,81740],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,81742,81744],{"className":40,"code":81743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81745,81746,81766,81788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81749,54],{"class":53},[47,81751,58],{"class":57},[47,81753,62],{"class":61},[47,81755,232],{"class":65},[47,81757,69],{"class":61},[47,81759,77],{"class":65},[47,81761,69],{"class":61},[47,81763,442],{"class":65},[47,81765,80],{"class":61},[47,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784,81786],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81769,1442],{"class":53},[47,81771,58],{"class":57},[47,81773,1644],{"class":882},[47,81775,106],{"class":61},[47,81777,40124],{"class":102},[47,81779,106],{"class":61},[47,81781,883],{"class":882},[47,81783,69],{"class":61},[47,81785,1447],{"class":92},[47,81787,1978],{"class":61},[47,81789,81790,81792,81794,81796],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81791,103],{"class":102},[47,81793,106],{"class":61},[47,81795,1466],{"class":92},[47,81797,216],{"class":61},[38,81799,81801],{"className":40,"code":81800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81802,81803,81823,81850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81804,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81806,54],{"class":53},[47,81808,58],{"class":57},[47,81810,62],{"class":61},[47,81812,232],{"class":65},[47,81814,69],{"class":61},[47,81816,77],{"class":65},[47,81818,69],{"class":61},[47,81820,442],{"class":65},[47,81822,80],{"class":61},[47,81824,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81844,81846,81848],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81826,1442],{"class":53},[47,81828,58],{"class":57},[47,81830,62],{"class":61},[47,81832,883],{"class":882},[47,81834,106],{"class":61},[47,81836,1704],{"class":92},[47,81838,111],{"class":61},[47,81840,2028],{"class":2027},[47,81842,81843],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81845,2034],{"class":2027},[47,81847,1447],{"class":53},[47,81849,80],{"class":61},[47,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81853,103],{"class":102},[47,81855,106],{"class":61},[47,81857,1466],{"class":92},[47,81859,216],{"class":61},[20,81861,81862],{},"Both produce:",[38,81864,81865],{"className":40,"code":81226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81866,81867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81868,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81870,229],{"class":61},[47,81872,699],{"class":632},[47,81874,232],{"class":636},[47,81876,699],{"class":632},[47,81878,69],{"class":61},[47,81880,708],{"class":632},[47,81882,2340],{"class":636},[47,81884,699],{"class":632},[47,81886,69],{"class":61},[47,81888,708],{"class":632},[47,81890,66],{"class":636},[47,81892,699],{"class":632},[47,81894,80],{"class":61},[20,81896,81897],{},"A simple rule:",[138,81899,81900,81905,81910],{},[141,81901,40255,81902,81904],{},[15,81903,39981],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[141,81906,40261,81907,81909],{},[15,81908,6224],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[141,81911,81912],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81914,81915,81916,89],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[252,81917,4658],{"href":4657},[33,81919,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,81921,81923,81924],{"id":81922},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81925,25045],{},[20,81927,81928],{},"This is very common:",[38,81930,81931],{"className":40,"code":81076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81932,81933,81953,81971,81975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81934,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81936,54],{"class":53},[47,81938,58],{"class":57},[47,81940,62],{"class":61},[47,81942,232],{"class":65},[47,81944,69],{"class":61},[47,81946,77],{"class":65},[47,81948,69],{"class":61},[47,81950,442],{"class":65},[47,81952,80],{"class":61},[47,81954,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,81956,1442],{"class":53},[47,81958,58],{"class":57},[47,81960,80123],{"class":102},[47,81962,106],{"class":61},[47,81964,883],{"class":882},[47,81966,69],{"class":61},[47,81968,1447],{"class":92},[47,81970,216],{"class":61},[47,81972,81973],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,81974,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,81976,81977,81979,81981,81983],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,81978,103],{"class":102},[47,81980,106],{"class":61},[47,81982,1466],{"class":92},[47,81984,216],{"class":61},[20,81986,81987],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81989,39526],{},[38,81991,81993],{"className":40,"code":81992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81994,81995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81996,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81998,103],{"class":102},[47,82000,106],{"class":61},[47,82002,8358],{"class":882},[47,82004,106],{"class":61},[47,82006,1466],{"class":92},[47,82008,1978],{"class":61},[1404,82010,82012],{"id":82011},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82014,1590],{},[38,82016,82018],{"className":40,"code":82017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82019,82020,82040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82021,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82023,54],{"class":53},[47,82025,58],{"class":57},[47,82027,62],{"class":61},[47,82029,232],{"class":65},[47,82031,69],{"class":61},[47,82033,77],{"class":65},[47,82035,69],{"class":61},[47,82037,442],{"class":65},[47,82039,80],{"class":61},[47,82041,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82055,82057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82043,1442],{"class":53},[47,82045,58],{"class":57},[47,82047,80123],{"class":102},[47,82049,106],{"class":61},[47,82051,883],{"class":882},[47,82053,82054],{"class":61},"(),",[47,82056,1447],{"class":92},[47,82058,216],{"class":61},[20,82060,82061,82062,82064,82065,82067],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82063,47952],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82066,39981],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82069,16920],{},[38,82071,82072],{"className":40,"code":81163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82073,82074,82094,82112,82116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82075,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82077,54],{"class":53},[47,82079,58],{"class":57},[47,82081,62],{"class":61},[47,82083,232],{"class":65},[47,82085,69],{"class":61},[47,82087,77],{"class":65},[47,82089,69],{"class":61},[47,82091,442],{"class":65},[47,82093,80],{"class":61},[47,82095,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82097,1442],{"class":53},[47,82099,58],{"class":57},[47,82101,80123],{"class":102},[47,82103,106],{"class":61},[47,82105,883],{"class":882},[47,82107,69],{"class":61},[47,82109,1447],{"class":92},[47,82111,216],{"class":61},[47,82113,82114],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82115,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82117,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82119,103],{"class":102},[47,82121,106],{"class":61},[47,82123,8358],{"class":882},[47,82125,106],{"class":61},[47,82127,1466],{"class":92},[47,82129,1978],{"class":61},[1404,82131,82133],{"id":82132},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82135,82136],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82138,1590],{},[38,82140,82142],{"className":40,"code":82141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82143,82144,82161,82171,82175,82195,82214,82218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82145,82146,82148,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82147,35116],{"class":2348},[47,82149,82150],{"class":35119}," add",[47,82152,106],{"class":61},[47,82154,252],{"class":37927},[47,82156,69],{"class":61},[47,82158,2839],{"class":37927},[47,82160,8606],{"class":61},[47,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82164,35127],{"class":2027},[47,82166,44812],{"class":53},[47,82168,2343],{"class":57},[47,82170,36447],{"class":53},[47,82172,82173],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82174,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82178,54],{"class":53},[47,82180,58],{"class":57},[47,82182,62],{"class":61},[47,82184,232],{"class":65},[47,82186,69],{"class":61},[47,82188,77],{"class":65},[47,82190,69],{"class":61},[47,82192,442],{"class":65},[47,82194,80],{"class":61},[47,82196,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82208,82210,82212],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82198,1442],{"class":53},[47,82200,58],{"class":57},[47,82202,80123],{"class":102},[47,82204,106],{"class":61},[47,82206,82207],{"class":92},"add",[47,82209,69],{"class":61},[47,82211,1447],{"class":92},[47,82213,216],{"class":61},[47,82215,82216],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,82217,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82219,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,82221,103],{"class":102},[47,82223,106],{"class":61},[47,82225,8358],{"class":882},[47,82227,106],{"class":61},[47,82229,1466],{"class":92},[47,82231,1978],{"class":61},[20,82233,16920],{},[38,82235,82237],{"className":40,"code":82236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82238,82239,82255,82265,82269,82289,82309,82331,82335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82242,35116],{"class":2348},[47,82244,82150],{"class":35119},[47,82246,106],{"class":61},[47,82248,252],{"class":37927},[47,82250,69],{"class":61},[47,82252,2839],{"class":37927},[47,82254,8606],{"class":61},[47,82256,82257,82259,82261,82263],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82258,35127],{"class":2027},[47,82260,44812],{"class":53},[47,82262,2343],{"class":57},[47,82264,36447],{"class":53},[47,82266,82267],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82268,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82270,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82272,80759],{"class":53},[47,82274,58],{"class":57},[47,82276,62],{"class":61},[47,82278,232],{"class":65},[47,82280,69],{"class":61},[47,82282,77],{"class":65},[47,82284,69],{"class":61},[47,82286,442],{"class":65},[47,82288,80],{"class":61},[47,82290,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82292,80780],{"class":53},[47,82294,58],{"class":57},[47,82296,62],{"class":61},[47,82298,437],{"class":65},[47,82300,69],{"class":61},[47,82302,8054],{"class":65},[47,82304,69],{"class":61},[47,82306,8059],{"class":65},[47,82308,80],{"class":61},[47,82310,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,82312,1442],{"class":53},[47,82314,58],{"class":57},[47,82316,80123],{"class":102},[47,82318,106],{"class":61},[47,82320,82207],{"class":92},[47,82322,69],{"class":61},[47,82324,80818],{"class":92},[47,82326,69],{"class":61},[47,82328,80823],{"class":92},[47,82330,216],{"class":61},[47,82332,82333],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,82334,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,82338,103],{"class":102},[47,82340,106],{"class":61},[47,82342,8358],{"class":882},[47,82344,106],{"class":61},[47,82346,1466],{"class":92},[47,82348,1978],{"class":61},[1404,82350,82352],{"id":82351},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82354,1590],{},[38,82356,82357],{"className":40,"code":81359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82358,82359,82379,82397,82401,82415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82362,54],{"class":53},[47,82364,58],{"class":57},[47,82366,62],{"class":61},[47,82368,232],{"class":65},[47,82370,69],{"class":61},[47,82372,77],{"class":65},[47,82374,69],{"class":61},[47,82376,442],{"class":65},[47,82378,80],{"class":61},[47,82380,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82382,1442],{"class":53},[47,82384,58],{"class":57},[47,82386,80123],{"class":102},[47,82388,106],{"class":61},[47,82390,883],{"class":882},[47,82392,69],{"class":61},[47,82394,1447],{"class":92},[47,82396,216],{"class":61},[47,82398,82399],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82400,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82402,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82404,103],{"class":102},[47,82406,106],{"class":61},[47,82408,8358],{"class":882},[47,82410,106],{"class":61},[47,82412,1466],{"class":92},[47,82414,1978],{"class":61},[47,82416,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82418,103],{"class":102},[47,82420,106],{"class":61},[47,82422,8358],{"class":882},[47,82424,106],{"class":61},[47,82426,1466],{"class":92},[47,82428,1978],{"class":61},[20,82430,82431],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82433,82434],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[33,82436,68154],{"id":68153},[20,82438,9139,82439,82441],{},[15,82440,39981],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,82443,82445],{"className":40,"code":82444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82446,82447,82457,82471,82485,82497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82450,103],{"class":102},[47,82452,106],{"class":61},[47,82454,1466],{"class":92},[47,82456,216],{"class":61},[47,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82460,103],{"class":102},[47,82462,106],{"class":61},[47,82464,8358],{"class":882},[47,82466,106],{"class":61},[47,82468,1466],{"class":92},[47,82470,1978],{"class":61},[47,82472,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82474,103],{"class":102},[47,82476,106],{"class":61},[47,82478,1971],{"class":882},[47,82480,106],{"class":61},[47,82482,1466],{"class":92},[47,82484,1978],{"class":61},[47,82486,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82488,6224],{"class":2027},[47,82490,2031],{"class":53},[47,82492,2034],{"class":2027},[47,82494,81318],{"class":53},[47,82496,6657],{"class":61},[47,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82500,8333],{"class":102},[47,82502,106],{"class":61},[47,82504,2022],{"class":92},[47,82506,216],{"class":61},[20,82508,12935],{},[138,82510,82511,82516,82521,82527],{},[141,82512,82513,82515],{},[15,82514,33294],{}," shows that you have a map object",[141,82517,82518,82520],{},[15,82519,33302],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[141,82522,82523,82526],{},[15,82524,82525],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[141,82528,82529,82530,82532],{},"looping over ",[15,82531,1466],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82534,82535,82536,82539,82540,82542],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82537,82538],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82541,6224],{}," loop consume the map object.",[33,82544,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,82546,2082,82548,82550],{"id":82547},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82549,39981],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82552,82553,82554,82556,82557,24203],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82555,39981],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82558,82559],{},"list(map(...))",[1404,82561,15167,82563,82565,82566,82568],{"id":82562},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82564,39981],{}," better than a ",[15,82567,6224],{}," loop?",[20,82570,82571,82572,82574,82575,82577],{},"Not always. ",[15,82573,39981],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82576,6224],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1404,82579,5436,82581,82583],{"id":82580},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82582,39981],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82585,82586],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1404,82588,82590],{"id":82589},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82592,82593],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[33,82595,2187],{"id":2186},[138,82597,82598,82604,82610,82614,82618],{},[141,82599,82600],{},[252,82601,1386,82602,3785],{"href":40350},[15,82603,37840],{},[141,82605,82606],{},[252,82607,1386,82608,3785],{"href":65107},[15,82609,25045],{},[141,82611,82612],{},[252,82613,5487],{"href":5397},[141,82615,82616],{},[252,82617,5492],{"href":4657},[141,82619,82620],{},[252,82621,5482],{"href":5401},[2210,82623,82624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":82626},[82627,82628,82630,82631,82632,82634,82639,82646,82648,82655,82656,82665],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":80202,"depth":83,"text":82629},"What map() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":80521,"depth":83,"text":82633},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80705,"depth":83,"text":82635,"children":82636},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82637],{"id":80893,"depth":99,"text":82638},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81050,"depth":83,"text":82640,"children":82641},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82642,82644,82645],{"id":81068,"depth":99,"text":82643},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81259,"depth":99,"text":81260},{"id":81352,"depth":99,"text":81353},{"id":81613,"depth":83,"text":82647},"When to use map()",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":82649},[82650,82652,82653,82654],{"id":81922,"depth":99,"text":82651},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82011,"depth":99,"text":82012},{"id":82132,"depth":99,"text":82133},{"id":82351,"depth":99,"text":82352},{"id":68153,"depth":83,"text":68154},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":82657},[82658,82660,82662,82664],{"id":82547,"depth":99,"text":82659},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82562,"depth":99,"text":82661},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82580,"depth":99,"text":82663},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82589,"depth":99,"text":82590},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80034,"description":82666},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82673,"title":82674,"body":82675,"description":84695,"extension":2248,"meta":84696,"navigation":203,"path":84697,"seo":84698,"stem":84699,"__hash__":84700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82676,"toc":84653},[82677,82683,82688,82691,82699,82702,82704,82828,82830,82848,82850,82870,82875,82879,82893,82896,82899,82901,82906,83018,83021,83039,83045,83048,83110,83112,83121,83124,83138,83140,83188,83190,83199,83209,83215,83218,83245,83247,83255,83258,83261,83331,83333,83341,83344,83349,83354,83405,83407,83415,83418,83420,83437,83439,83491,83494,83500,83504,83509,83512,83516,83575,83577,83586,83592,83601,83605,83668,83670,83678,83683,83687,83692,83772,83774,83783,83790,83795,83800,83803,83838,83840,83848,83851,83857,83859,83909,83911,83920,83923,83941,83943,83948,83954,83961,83988,83990,84013,84018,84053,84058,84064,84069,84112,84115,84118,84157,84164,84170,84175,84190,84194,84201,84204,84208,84213,84217,84222,84224,84285,84287,84316,84321,84328,84337,84339,84342,84367,84369,84472,84475,84493,84502,84504,84509,84512,84518,84521,84523,84533,84539,84543,84601,84608,84616,84618,84650],[10,82678,1386,82680,3855],{"id":82679},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82681,82682],{},"max()",[20,82684,9387,82685,82687],{},[15,82686,82682],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82689,82690],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[138,82692,82693,82696],{},[141,82694,82695],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[141,82697,82698],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82700,82701],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[33,82703,36],{"id":35},[38,82705,82707],{"className":40,"code":82706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82708,82709,82733,82748,82752,82778,82782,82814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82710,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82712,54],{"class":53},[47,82714,58],{"class":57},[47,82716,62],{"class":61},[47,82718,66],{"class":65},[47,82720,69],{"class":61},[47,82722,447],{"class":65},[47,82724,69],{"class":61},[47,82726,77],{"class":65},[47,82728,69],{"class":61},[47,82730,241],{"class":65},[47,82732,80],{"class":61},[47,82734,82735,82737,82739,82742,82744,82746],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82736,103],{"class":102},[47,82738,106],{"class":61},[47,82740,82741],{"class":102},"max",[47,82743,106],{"class":61},[47,82745,86],{"class":92},[47,82747,1978],{"class":61},[47,82749,82750],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82751,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82753,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82755,103],{"class":102},[47,82757,106],{"class":61},[47,82759,82741],{"class":102},[47,82761,106],{"class":61},[47,82763,66],{"class":65},[47,82765,69],{"class":61},[47,82767,447],{"class":65},[47,82769,69],{"class":61},[47,82771,77],{"class":65},[47,82773,69],{"class":61},[47,82775,241],{"class":65},[47,82777,1978],{"class":61},[47,82779,82780],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82781,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,82783,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,82785,625],{"class":53},[47,82787,58],{"class":57},[47,82789,62],{"class":61},[47,82791,633],{"class":632},[47,82793,647],{"class":636},[47,82795,633],{"class":632},[47,82797,69],{"class":61},[47,82799,644],{"class":632},[47,82801,637],{"class":636},[47,82803,633],{"class":632},[47,82805,69],{"class":61},[47,82807,644],{"class":632},[47,82809,996],{"class":636},[47,82811,633],{"class":632},[47,82813,80],{"class":61},[47,82815,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,82817,103],{"class":102},[47,82819,106],{"class":61},[47,82821,82741],{"class":102},[47,82823,106],{"class":61},[47,82825,665],{"class":92},[47,82827,1978],{"class":61},[20,82829,219],{},[38,82831,82833],{"className":40,"code":82832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82834,82835,82839,82843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82836,82837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82838,2663],{"class":65},[47,82840,82841],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82842,2663],{"class":65},[47,82844,82845],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82846,82847],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,82849,20222],{},[138,82851,82852,82858,82864],{},[141,82853,82854,82857],{},[15,82855,82856],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[141,82859,82860,82863],{},[15,82861,82862],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[141,82865,82866,82869],{},[15,82867,82868],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[33,82871,128,82873,131],{"id":82872},"what-max-does",[15,82874,82682],{},[20,82876,82877,136],{},[15,82878,82682],{},[138,82880,82881,82884,82887,82890],{},[141,82882,82883],{},"Returns the largest item",[141,82885,82886],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[141,82888,82889],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[141,82891,82892],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82894,82895],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82897,82898],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[33,82900,259],{"id":258},[20,82902,82903,82904,136],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82905,82682],{},[38,82907,82909],{"className":40,"code":82908,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82910,82911,82921,82945,82967,82990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82912,82913,82915,82917,82919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82914,82741],{"class":102},[47,82916,106],{"class":61},[47,82918,3992],{"class":92},[47,82920,216],{"class":61},[47,82922,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82934,82936,82938,82940,82943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,82924,82741],{"class":102},[47,82926,106],{"class":61},[47,82928,3992],{"class":92},[47,82930,69],{"class":61},[47,82932,82933],{"class":57}," *",[47,82935,69],{"class":61},[47,82937,21845],{"class":278},[47,82939,58],{"class":57},[47,82941,82942],{"class":92},"func",[47,82944,216],{"class":61},[47,82946,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,82948,82741],{"class":102},[47,82950,106],{"class":61},[47,82952,3992],{"class":92},[47,82954,69],{"class":61},[47,82956,82933],{"class":57},[47,82958,69],{"class":61},[47,82960,26787],{"class":278},[47,82962,58],{"class":57},[47,82964,2753],{"class":92},[47,82966,216],{"class":61},[47,82968,82969,82971,82973,82976,82978,82981,82983,82985,82988],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,82970,82741],{"class":102},[47,82972,106],{"class":61},[47,82974,82975],{"class":92},"arg1",[47,82977,69],{"class":61},[47,82979,82980],{"class":92}," arg2",[47,82982,69],{"class":61},[47,82984,82933],{"class":57},[47,82986,82987],{"class":92},"args",[47,82989,216],{"class":61},[47,82991,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,82993,82741],{"class":102},[47,82995,106],{"class":61},[47,82997,82975],{"class":92},[47,82999,69],{"class":61},[47,83001,82980],{"class":92},[47,83003,69],{"class":61},[47,83005,82933],{"class":57},[47,83007,82987],{"class":92},[47,83009,69],{"class":61},[47,83011,21845],{"class":278},[47,83013,58],{"class":57},[47,83015,82942],{"class":92},[47,83017,216],{"class":61},[20,83019,83020],{},"The most important parts are:",[138,83022,83023,83028,83033],{},[141,83024,83025,83027],{},[15,83026,3992],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[141,83029,83030,83032],{},[15,83031,279],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[141,83034,83035,83038],{},[15,83036,83037],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[33,83040,8681,83042,83044],{"id":83041},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83043,82682],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83046,83047],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,83049,83051],{"className":40,"code":83050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83052,83053,83079,83095,83099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83054,83055,83057,83059,83061,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83056,5329],{"class":53},[47,83058,58],{"class":57},[47,83060,62],{"class":61},[47,83062,83063],{"class":65},"72",[47,83065,69],{"class":61},[47,83067,51779],{"class":65},[47,83069,69],{"class":61},[47,83071,13771],{"class":65},[47,83073,69],{"class":61},[47,83075,83076],{"class":65}," 66",[47,83078,80],{"class":61},[47,83080,83081,83084,83086,83089,83091,83093],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83082,83083],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,83085,58],{"class":57},[47,83087,83088],{"class":102}," max",[47,83090,106],{"class":61},[47,83092,16654],{"class":92},[47,83094,216],{"class":61},[47,83096,83097],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,83098,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,83100,83101,83103,83105,83108],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,83102,103],{"class":102},[47,83104,106],{"class":61},[47,83106,83107],{"class":92},"highest_score",[47,83109,216],{"class":61},[20,83111,219],{},[38,83113,83115],{"className":40,"code":83114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,83116,83117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83118,83119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83120,83114],{"class":65},[20,83122,83123],{},"This works well for:",[138,83125,83126,83129,83132,83135],{},[141,83127,83128],{},"Scores",[141,83130,83131],{},"Prices",[141,83133,83134],{},"Ages",[141,83136,83137],{},"Counts",[20,83139,52349],{},[38,83141,83143],{"className":40,"code":83142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83144,83145,83173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83146,83147,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83161,83163,83166,83168,83171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83148,83149],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,83151,58],{"class":57},[47,83153,62],{"class":61},[47,83155,40663],{"class":65},[47,83157,69],{"class":61},[47,83159,83160],{"class":65}," 5.50",[47,83162,69],{"class":61},[47,83164,83165],{"class":65}," 12.75",[47,83167,69],{"class":61},[47,83169,83170],{"class":65}," 29.00",[47,83172,80],{"class":61},[47,83174,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83186],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83176,103],{"class":102},[47,83178,106],{"class":61},[47,83180,82741],{"class":102},[47,83182,106],{"class":61},[47,83184,83185],{"class":92},"prices",[47,83187,1978],{"class":61},[20,83189,219],{},[38,83191,83193],{"className":40,"code":83192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,83194,83195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83196,83197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83198,83192],{"class":65},[20,83200,83201,83202,83204,83205,89],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83203,82682],{}," is simpler than ",[252,83206,83207],{"href":1385},[15,83208,1228],{},[33,83210,8681,83212,83214],{"id":83211},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83213,82682],{}," with separate values",[20,83216,83217],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,83219,83221],{"className":40,"code":83220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83222,83223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83224,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83226,103],{"class":102},[47,83228,106],{"class":61},[47,83230,82741],{"class":102},[47,83232,106],{"class":61},[47,83234,334],{"class":65},[47,83236,69],{"class":61},[47,83238,31209],{"class":65},[47,83240,69],{"class":61},[47,83242,343],{"class":65},[47,83244,1978],{"class":61},[20,83246,219],{},[38,83248,83249],{"className":40,"code":2508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83250,83251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83252,83253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83254,2508],{"class":65},[20,83256,83257],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83259,83260],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,83262,83264],{"className":40,"code":83263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83265,83266,83275,83283,83293,83297,83320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83267,83268,83270,83272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83269,2834],{"class":53},[47,83271,58],{"class":57},[47,83273,83274],{"class":65}," 15\n",[47,83276,83277,83279,83281],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83278,2862],{"class":53},[47,83280,58],{"class":57},[47,83282,3049],{"class":65},[47,83284,83285,83288,83290],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,83286,83287],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83289,58],{"class":57},[47,83291,83292],{"class":65}," 27\n",[47,83294,83295],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,83296,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,83298,83299,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,83300,83301],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83303,58],{"class":57},[47,83305,83088],{"class":102},[47,83307,106],{"class":61},[47,83309,252],{"class":92},[47,83311,69],{"class":61},[47,83313,2839],{"class":92},[47,83315,69],{"class":61},[47,83317,9946],{"class":92},[47,83319,216],{"class":61},[47,83321,83322,83324,83326,83329],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,83323,103],{"class":102},[47,83325,106],{"class":61},[47,83327,83328],{"class":92},"largest",[47,83330,216],{"class":61},[20,83332,219],{},[38,83334,83335],{"className":40,"code":46880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83336,83337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83338,83339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83340,46880],{"class":65},[20,83342,83343],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[33,83345,8681,83347,47327],{"id":83346},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83348,82682],{},[20,83350,83351,83353],{},[15,83352,82682],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,83355,83357],{"className":40,"code":83356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83358,83359,83391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83360,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83362,625],{"class":53},[47,83364,58],{"class":57},[47,83366,62],{"class":61},[47,83368,633],{"class":632},[47,83370,647],{"class":636},[47,83372,633],{"class":632},[47,83374,69],{"class":61},[47,83376,644],{"class":632},[47,83378,637],{"class":636},[47,83380,633],{"class":632},[47,83382,69],{"class":61},[47,83384,644],{"class":632},[47,83386,996],{"class":636},[47,83388,633],{"class":632},[47,83390,80],{"class":61},[47,83392,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83394,103],{"class":102},[47,83396,106],{"class":61},[47,83398,82741],{"class":102},[47,83400,106],{"class":61},[47,83402,665],{"class":92},[47,83404,1978],{"class":61},[20,83406,219],{},[38,83408,83409],{"className":40,"code":82847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83410,83411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83412,83413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83414,82847],{"class":53},[20,83416,83417],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83419,68542],{},[138,83421,83422,83431,83434],{},[141,83423,83424,83427,83428,83430],{},[15,83425,83426],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83429,65534],{}," alphabetically",[141,83432,83433],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[141,83435,83436],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83438,318],{},[38,83440,83442],{"className":40,"code":83441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83443,83444,83477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83445,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83447,625],{"class":53},[47,83449,58],{"class":57},[47,83451,62],{"class":61},[47,83453,633],{"class":632},[47,83455,647],{"class":636},[47,83457,633],{"class":632},[47,83459,69],{"class":61},[47,83461,644],{"class":632},[47,83463,83464],{"class":636},"Banana",[47,83466,633],{"class":632},[47,83468,69],{"class":61},[47,83470,644],{"class":632},[47,83472,996],{"class":636},[47,83474,633],{"class":632},[47,83476,80],{"class":61},[47,83478,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83480,103],{"class":102},[47,83482,106],{"class":61},[47,83484,82741],{"class":102},[47,83486,106],{"class":61},[47,83488,665],{"class":92},[47,83490,1978],{"class":61},[20,83492,83493],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83495,83496,83497,83499],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83498,279],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[33,83501,950,83502,953],{"id":949},[15,83503,279],{},[20,83505,956,83506,83508],{},[15,83507,279],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83510,83511],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1404,83513,83515],{"id":83514},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,83517,83519],{"className":40,"code":83518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83520,83521,83553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83522,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83524,625],{"class":53},[47,83526,58],{"class":57},[47,83528,62],{"class":61},[47,83530,633],{"class":632},[47,83532,37311],{"class":636},[47,83534,633],{"class":632},[47,83536,69],{"class":61},[47,83538,644],{"class":632},[47,83540,68585],{"class":636},[47,83542,633],{"class":632},[47,83544,69],{"class":61},[47,83546,644],{"class":632},[47,83548,58392],{"class":636},[47,83550,633],{"class":632},[47,83552,80],{"class":61},[47,83554,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83556,103],{"class":102},[47,83558,106],{"class":61},[47,83560,82741],{"class":102},[47,83562,106],{"class":61},[47,83564,665],{"class":92},[47,83566,69],{"class":61},[47,83568,21845],{"class":278},[47,83570,58],{"class":57},[47,83572,969],{"class":102},[47,83574,1978],{"class":61},[20,83576,219],{},[38,83578,83580],{"className":40,"code":83579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,83581,83582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83583,83584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83585,83579],{"class":53},[20,83587,21036,83588,83591],{},[15,83589,83590],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83593,83594,83595,33895,83597,89],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83596,42627],{},[252,83598,83599,1389],{"href":42624},[15,83600,42627],{},[1404,83602,83604],{"id":83603},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,83606,83608],{"className":40,"code":83607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83609,83610,83642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83611,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83613,625],{"class":53},[47,83615,58],{"class":57},[47,83617,62],{"class":61},[47,83619,633],{"class":632},[47,83621,647],{"class":636},[47,83623,633],{"class":632},[47,83625,69],{"class":61},[47,83627,644],{"class":632},[47,83629,83464],{"class":636},[47,83631,633],{"class":632},[47,83633,69],{"class":61},[47,83635,644],{"class":632},[47,83637,996],{"class":636},[47,83639,633],{"class":632},[47,83641,80],{"class":61},[47,83643,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83645,103],{"class":102},[47,83647,106],{"class":61},[47,83649,82741],{"class":102},[47,83651,106],{"class":61},[47,83653,665],{"class":92},[47,83655,69],{"class":61},[47,83657,21845],{"class":278},[47,83659,58],{"class":57},[47,83661,883],{"class":882},[47,83663,89],{"class":61},[47,83665,889],{"class":888},[47,83667,1978],{"class":61},[20,83669,219],{},[38,83671,83672],{"className":40,"code":82847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83673,83674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83675,83676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83677,82847],{"class":53},[20,83679,21036,83680,83682],{},[15,83681,945],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1404,83684,83686],{"id":83685},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83688,83689,83690,136],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83691,37924],{},[38,83693,83695],{"className":40,"code":83694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83696,83697,83740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83698,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83718,83720,83722,83724,83727,83729,83731,83733,83736,83738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83700,1536],{"class":53},[47,83702,58],{"class":57},[47,83704,62],{"class":61},[47,83706,633],{"class":632},[47,83708,252],{"class":636},[47,83710,633],{"class":632},[47,83712,69],{"class":61},[47,83714,644],{"class":632},[47,83716,83717],{"class":636},"bb",[47,83719,633],{"class":632},[47,83721,69],{"class":61},[47,83723,644],{"class":632},[47,83725,83726],{"class":636},"cccc",[47,83728,633],{"class":632},[47,83730,69],{"class":61},[47,83732,644],{"class":632},[47,83734,83735],{"class":636},"ddd",[47,83737,633],{"class":632},[47,83739,80],{"class":61},[47,83741,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83743,103],{"class":102},[47,83745,106],{"class":61},[47,83747,82741],{"class":102},[47,83749,106],{"class":61},[47,83751,1562],{"class":92},[47,83753,69],{"class":61},[47,83755,21845],{"class":278},[47,83757,58],{"class":57},[47,83759,37924],{"class":2348},[47,83761,43108],{"class":37927},[47,83763,136],{"class":61},[47,83765,38650],{"class":102},[47,83767,106],{"class":61},[47,83769,1614],{"class":92},[47,83771,3192],{"class":61},[20,83773,219],{},[38,83775,83777],{"className":40,"code":83776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,83778,83779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83780,83781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83782,83776],{"class":53},[20,83784,49819,83785,1233,83787,83789],{},[15,83786,83590],{},[15,83788,828],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[33,83791,950,83793,953],{"id":83792},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83794,83037],{},[20,83796,956,83797,83799],{},[15,83798,83037],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83801,83802],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,83804,83806],{"className":40,"code":83805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83807,83808,83816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83809,83810,83812,83814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83811,54],{"class":53},[47,83813,58],{"class":57},[47,83815,8102],{"class":61},[47,83817,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83819,103],{"class":102},[47,83821,106],{"class":61},[47,83823,82741],{"class":102},[47,83825,106],{"class":61},[47,83827,86],{"class":92},[47,83829,69],{"class":61},[47,83831,26787],{"class":278},[47,83833,58],{"class":57},[47,83835,2403],{"class":65},[47,83837,1978],{"class":61},[20,83839,219],{},[38,83841,83842],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83843,83844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83845,83846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83847,47520],{"class":65},[20,83849,83850],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83852,83853,83854,83856],{},"Without ",[15,83855,83037],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83858,52349],{},[38,83860,83862],{"className":40,"code":83861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83863,83864,83872,83899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83865,83866,83868,83870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83867,625],{"class":53},[47,83869,58],{"class":57},[47,83871,8102],{"class":61},[47,83873,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892,83895,83897],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83875,1442],{"class":53},[47,83877,58],{"class":57},[47,83879,83088],{"class":102},[47,83881,106],{"class":61},[47,83883,665],{"class":92},[47,83885,69],{"class":61},[47,83887,26787],{"class":278},[47,83889,58],{"class":57},[47,83891,633],{"class":632},[47,83893,83894],{"class":636},"no words found",[47,83896,633],{"class":632},[47,83898,216],{"class":61},[47,83900,83901,83903,83905,83907],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,83902,103],{"class":102},[47,83904,106],{"class":61},[47,83906,1466],{"class":92},[47,83908,216],{"class":61},[20,83910,219],{},[38,83912,83914],{"className":40,"code":83913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,83915,83916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83917,83918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83919,83913],{"class":53},[20,83921,83922],{},"Important:",[138,83924,83925,83933],{},[141,83926,83927,83929,83930],{},[15,83928,83037],{}," works with ",[15,83931,83932],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[141,83934,41171,83935,83937,83938],{},[4015,83936,4896],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83939,83940],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[33,83942,48255],{"id":48254},[20,83944,83945,83946,89],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83947,82682],{},[1404,83949,83951,83953],{"id":83950},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83952,40969],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83955,83956,83957,46176,83959,89],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83958,83037],{},[15,83960,40969],{},[38,83962,83964],{"className":40,"code":83963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83965,83966,83974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83967,83968,83970,83972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83969,54],{"class":53},[47,83971,58],{"class":57},[47,83973,8102],{"class":61},[47,83975,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984,83986],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,83977,103],{"class":102},[47,83979,106],{"class":61},[47,83981,82741],{"class":102},[47,83983,106],{"class":61},[47,83985,86],{"class":92},[47,83987,1978],{"class":61},[20,83989,29946],{},[38,83991,83993],{"className":40,"code":83992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83994,83995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83996,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84008,84010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83998,40969],{"class":882},[47,84000,136],{"class":61},[47,84002,83088],{"class":102},[47,84004,7629],{"class":61},[47,84006,84007],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,84009,12457],{"class":57},[47,84011,84012],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84014,84015,84016,136],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84017,83037],{},[38,84019,84021],{"className":40,"code":84020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84022,84023,84031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84024,84025,84027,84029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84026,54],{"class":53},[47,84028,58],{"class":57},[47,84030,8102],{"class":61},[47,84032,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049,84051],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84034,103],{"class":102},[47,84036,106],{"class":61},[47,84038,82741],{"class":102},[47,84040,106],{"class":61},[47,84042,86],{"class":92},[47,84044,69],{"class":61},[47,84046,26787],{"class":278},[47,84048,58],{"class":57},[47,84050,124],{"class":284},[47,84052,1978],{"class":61},[20,84054,84055,84056,89],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[252,84057,66099],{"href":73137},[1404,84059,84061,84063],{"id":84060},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84062,1574],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84065,84066,84067,89],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84068,1574],{},[38,84070,84072],{"className":40,"code":84071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84073,84074,84098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84077,1536],{"class":53},[47,84079,58],{"class":57},[47,84081,62],{"class":61},[47,84083,437],{"class":65},[47,84085,69],{"class":61},[47,84087,644],{"class":632},[47,84089,16019],{"class":636},[47,84091,633],{"class":632},[47,84093,69],{"class":61},[47,84095,8059],{"class":65},[47,84097,80],{"class":61},[47,84099,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84101,103],{"class":102},[47,84103,106],{"class":61},[47,84105,82741],{"class":102},[47,84107,106],{"class":61},[47,84109,1562],{"class":92},[47,84111,1978],{"class":61},[20,84113,84114],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84116,84117],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,84119,84121],{"className":40,"code":84120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84122,84123,84143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84124,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84126,1536],{"class":53},[47,84128,58],{"class":57},[47,84130,62],{"class":61},[47,84132,437],{"class":65},[47,84134,69],{"class":61},[47,84136,8054],{"class":65},[47,84138,69],{"class":61},[47,84140,8059],{"class":65},[47,84142,80],{"class":61},[47,84144,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84146,103],{"class":102},[47,84148,106],{"class":61},[47,84150,82741],{"class":102},[47,84152,106],{"class":61},[47,84154,1562],{"class":92},[47,84156,1978],{"class":61},[20,84158,84159,84160,89],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[252,84161,84163],{"href":84162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1404,84165,84167,84169],{"id":84166},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84168,1574],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84171,84172,84174],{},[15,84173,82682],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,84176,84178],{"className":40,"code":84177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,84179,84180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84181,84182,84184,84186,84188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84183,103],{"class":102},[47,84185,106],{"class":61},[47,84187,82741],{"class":102},[47,84189,1993],{"class":61},[20,84191,1571,84192,89],{},[15,84193,1574],{},[33,84195,84197,1225,84199],{"id":84196},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84198,82682],{},[15,84200,1228],{},[20,84202,84203],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84205,84206,136],{},[15,84207,82682],{},[138,84209,84210],{},[141,84211,84212],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84214,84215,136],{},[15,84216,1228],{},[138,84218,84219],{},[141,84220,84221],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84223,318],{},[38,84225,84227],{"className":40,"code":84226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84228,84229,84253,84257,84271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84230,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84232,54],{"class":53},[47,84234,58],{"class":57},[47,84236,62],{"class":61},[47,84238,66],{"class":65},[47,84240,69],{"class":61},[47,84242,447],{"class":65},[47,84244,69],{"class":61},[47,84246,77],{"class":65},[47,84248,69],{"class":61},[47,84250,241],{"class":65},[47,84252,80],{"class":61},[47,84254,84255],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84256,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,84258,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,84260,103],{"class":102},[47,84262,106],{"class":61},[47,84264,82741],{"class":102},[47,84266,106],{"class":61},[47,84268,86],{"class":92},[47,84270,1978],{"class":61},[47,84272,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,84274,103],{"class":102},[47,84276,106],{"class":61},[47,84278,2002],{"class":102},[47,84280,106],{"class":61},[47,84282,86],{"class":92},[47,84284,1978],{"class":61},[20,84286,219],{},[38,84288,84290],{"className":40,"code":84289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84291,84292,84296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84293,84294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84295,2663],{"class":65},[47,84297,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84299,229],{"class":61},[47,84301,2340],{"class":65},[47,84303,69],{"class":61},[47,84305,442],{"class":65},[47,84307,69],{"class":61},[47,84309,241],{"class":65},[47,84311,69],{"class":61},[47,84313,447],{"class":65},[47,84315,80],{"class":61},[20,84317,118,84318,84320],{},[15,84319,82682],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84322,118,84323,84327],{},[252,84324,84325],{"href":1385},[15,84326,1228],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84329,84330,84331,89],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[252,84332,84334],{"href":84333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84335,84336],{},"min()",[33,84338,1397],{"id":1396},[20,84340,84341],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[138,84343,84344,84351,84354,84359,84362],{},[141,84345,29915,84346,84348,84349],{},[15,84347,82682],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84350,83037],{},[141,84352,84353],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[141,84355,8717,84356,84358],{},[15,84357,82682],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[141,84360,84361],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[141,84363,8681,84364,84366],{},[15,84365,83037],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84368,11379],{},[38,84370,84372],{"className":40,"code":84371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84373,84374,84384,84398,84412,84426,84448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84375,84376,84378,84380,84382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84377,103],{"class":102},[47,84379,106],{"class":61},[47,84381,1562],{"class":92},[47,84383,216],{"class":61},[47,84385,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84387,103],{"class":102},[47,84389,106],{"class":61},[47,84391,1971],{"class":882},[47,84393,106],{"class":61},[47,84395,1562],{"class":92},[47,84397,1978],{"class":61},[47,84399,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,84401,103],{"class":102},[47,84403,106],{"class":61},[47,84405,969],{"class":102},[47,84407,106],{"class":61},[47,84409,1562],{"class":92},[47,84411,1978],{"class":61},[47,84413,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,84415,103],{"class":102},[47,84417,106],{"class":61},[47,84419,82741],{"class":102},[47,84421,106],{"class":61},[47,84423,1562],{"class":92},[47,84425,1978],{"class":61},[47,84427,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,84429,103],{"class":102},[47,84431,106],{"class":61},[47,84433,82741],{"class":102},[47,84435,106],{"class":61},[47,84437,1562],{"class":92},[47,84439,69],{"class":61},[47,84441,26787],{"class":278},[47,84443,58],{"class":57},[47,84445,124],{"class":284},[47,84447,1978],{"class":61},[47,84449,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,84451,103],{"class":102},[47,84453,2015],{"class":61},[47,84455,1971],{"class":882},[47,84457,106],{"class":61},[47,84459,2456],{"class":92},[47,84461,111],{"class":61},[47,84463,2028],{"class":2027},[47,84465,4151],{"class":92},[47,84467,2034],{"class":2027},[47,84469,6231],{"class":92},[47,84471,2040],{"class":61},[20,84473,84474],{},"These are useful for checking:",[138,84476,84477,84482,84487,84490],{},[141,84478,84479,84480],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84481,1562],{},[141,84483,2062,84484,84486],{},[15,84485,1562],{}," is a list or some other type",[141,84488,84489],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[141,84491,84492],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84494,69606,84495,84498,84499,84501],{},[15,84496,84497],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84500,1562],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[33,84503,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,84505,5408,84507,5411],{"id":84506},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84508,82682],{},[20,84510,84511],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1404,84513,5436,84515,84517],{"id":84514},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84516,82682],{}," work with strings?",[20,84519,84520],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1404,84522,71905],{"id":71904},[20,84524,84525,52764,84527,84529,84530,84532],{},[15,84526,82682],{},[15,84528,40969],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84531,83037],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1404,84534,84536,84537,2099],{"id":84535},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84538,82682],{},[20,84540,118,84541,136],{},[15,84542,83590],{},[38,84544,84545],{"className":40,"code":83518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84546,84547,84579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84550,625],{"class":53},[47,84552,58],{"class":57},[47,84554,62],{"class":61},[47,84556,633],{"class":632},[47,84558,37311],{"class":636},[47,84560,633],{"class":632},[47,84562,69],{"class":61},[47,84564,644],{"class":632},[47,84566,68585],{"class":636},[47,84568,633],{"class":632},[47,84570,69],{"class":61},[47,84572,644],{"class":632},[47,84574,58392],{"class":636},[47,84576,633],{"class":632},[47,84578,80],{"class":61},[47,84580,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84582,103],{"class":102},[47,84584,106],{"class":61},[47,84586,82741],{"class":102},[47,84588,106],{"class":61},[47,84590,665],{"class":92},[47,84592,69],{"class":61},[47,84594,21845],{"class":278},[47,84596,58],{"class":57},[47,84598,969],{"class":102},[47,84600,1978],{"class":61},[1404,84602,2094,84604,1233,84606,2099],{"id":84603},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84605,82682],{},[15,84607,1228],{},[20,84609,84610,84612,84613,84615],{},[15,84611,82682],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84614,1228],{}," returns all items in order.",[33,84617,2187],{"id":2186},[138,84619,84620,84626,84632,84638,84642,84646],{},[141,84621,84622],{},[252,84623,84624,3785],{"href":84333},[15,84625,84336],{},[141,84627,84628],{},[252,84629,84630,3785],{"href":1385},[15,84631,1228],{},[141,84633,84634],{},[252,84635,84636,3785],{"href":42624},[15,84637,42627],{},[141,84639,84640],{},[252,84641,59221],{"href":59220},[141,84643,84644],{},[252,84645,66099],{"href":73137},[141,84647,84648],{},[252,84649,84163],{"href":84162},[2210,84651,84652],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":84654},[84655,84656,84658,84659,84661,84663,84665,84670,84672,84680,84682,84683,84694],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":82872,"depth":83,"text":84657},"What max() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":83041,"depth":83,"text":84660},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83211,"depth":83,"text":84662},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83346,"depth":83,"text":84664},"Using max() with strings",{"id":949,"depth":83,"text":2222,"children":84666},[84667,84668,84669],{"id":83514,"depth":99,"text":83515},{"id":83603,"depth":99,"text":83604},{"id":83685,"depth":99,"text":83686},{"id":83792,"depth":83,"text":84671},"Using the default argument",{"id":48254,"depth":83,"text":48255,"children":84673},[84674,84676,84678],{"id":83950,"depth":99,"text":84675},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84060,"depth":99,"text":84677},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84166,"depth":99,"text":84679},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84196,"depth":83,"text":84681},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":84684},[84685,84687,84689,84690,84692],{"id":84506,"depth":99,"text":84686},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84514,"depth":99,"text":84688},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71904,"depth":99,"text":71905},{"id":84535,"depth":99,"text":84691},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84603,"depth":99,"text":84693},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82674,"description":84695},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84702,"title":84703,"body":84704,"description":86658,"extension":2248,"meta":86659,"navigation":203,"path":86660,"seo":86661,"stem":86662,"__hash__":86663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84705,"toc":86615},[84706,84711,84716,84722,84724,84798,84800,84813,84818,84823,84839,84843,84848,84924,84930,84933,84976,84978,84986,84992,84995,85026,85028,85036,85042,85047,85106,85108,85117,85120,85130,85136,85141,85176,85178,85186,85192,85198,85203,85247,85249,85258,85261,85301,85303,85312,85315,85327,85332,85337,85388,85390,85399,85402,85453,85455,85464,85467,85474,85480,85485,85487,85502,85506,85566,85568,85577,85581,85753,85755,85792,85799,85805,85808,85835,85837,85858,85863,85898,85900,85908,85911,85914,85930,85935,85937,85941,85947,85951,85978,85981,85991,86031,86035,86038,86081,86083,86092,86095,86100,86169,86171,86179,86184,86188,86191,86242,86244,86252,86255,86318,86320,86328,86331,86336,86340,86353,86360,86368,86370,86372,86402,86408,86509,86519,86521,86526,86529,86534,86537,86539,86547,86555,86563,86570,86578,86580,86612],[10,84707,1386,84709,3855],{"id":84708},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84710,84336],{},[20,84712,84713,84715],{},[15,84714,84336],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84717,84718,84719,84721],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84720,84336],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[33,84723,36],{"id":35},[38,84725,84727],{"className":40,"code":84726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84728,84729,84753,84768,84772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84730,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84732,54],{"class":53},[47,84734,58],{"class":57},[47,84736,62],{"class":61},[47,84738,173],{"class":65},[47,84740,69],{"class":61},[47,84742,77],{"class":65},[47,84744,69],{"class":61},[47,84746,182],{"class":65},[47,84748,69],{"class":61},[47,84750,72],{"class":65},[47,84752,80],{"class":61},[47,84754,84755,84757,84759,84762,84764,84766],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84756,103],{"class":102},[47,84758,106],{"class":61},[47,84760,84761],{"class":102},"min",[47,84763,106],{"class":61},[47,84765,86],{"class":92},[47,84767,1978],{"class":61},[47,84769,84770],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,84771,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,84773,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,84775,103],{"class":102},[47,84777,106],{"class":61},[47,84779,84761],{"class":102},[47,84781,106],{"class":61},[47,84783,173],{"class":65},[47,84785,69],{"class":61},[47,84787,77],{"class":65},[47,84789,69],{"class":61},[47,84791,182],{"class":65},[47,84793,69],{"class":61},[47,84795,72],{"class":65},[47,84797,1978],{"class":61},[20,84799,219],{},[38,84801,84803],{"className":40,"code":84802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,84804,84805,84809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84806,84807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84808,47185],{"class":65},[47,84810,84811],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84812,47185],{"class":65},[20,84814,118,84815,84817],{},[15,84816,84336],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[33,84819,128,84821,131],{"id":84820},"what-min-does",[15,84822,84336],{},[138,84824,84825,84830,84833,84836],{},[141,84826,84827,84829],{},[15,84828,84336],{}," returns the smallest item",[141,84831,84832],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[141,84834,84835],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[141,84837,84838],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[33,84840,84842],{"id":84841},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84844,84845,84846,136],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84847,84336],{},[38,84849,84851],{"className":40,"code":84850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84852,84853,84863,84888,84906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84854,84855,84857,84859,84861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84856,84761],{"class":102},[47,84858,106],{"class":61},[47,84860,3992],{"class":92},[47,84862,216],{"class":61},[47,84864,84865,84867,84869,84872,84874,84877,84879,84882,84884,84886],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84866,84761],{"class":102},[47,84868,106],{"class":61},[47,84870,84871],{"class":92},"value1",[47,84873,69],{"class":61},[47,84875,84876],{"class":92}," value2",[47,84878,69],{"class":61},[47,84880,84881],{"class":92}," value3",[47,84883,69],{"class":61},[47,84885,34721],{"class":102},[47,84887,216],{"class":61},[47,84889,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,84891,84761],{"class":102},[47,84893,106],{"class":61},[47,84895,3992],{"class":92},[47,84897,69],{"class":61},[47,84899,21845],{"class":278},[47,84901,58],{"class":57},[47,84903,37635],{"class":102},[47,84905,216],{"class":61},[47,84907,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,84909,84761],{"class":102},[47,84911,106],{"class":61},[47,84913,3992],{"class":92},[47,84915,69],{"class":61},[47,84917,26787],{"class":278},[47,84919,58],{"class":57},[47,84921,37635],{"class":102},[47,84923,216],{"class":61},[1404,84925,84927],{"id":84926},"miniterable",[15,84928,84929],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84931,84932],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,84934,84936],{"className":40,"code":84935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84937,84938,84962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84939,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84941,54],{"class":53},[47,84943,58],{"class":57},[47,84945,62],{"class":61},[47,84947,2627],{"class":65},[47,84949,69],{"class":61},[47,84951,442],{"class":65},[47,84953,69],{"class":61},[47,84955,31209],{"class":65},[47,84957,69],{"class":61},[47,84959,72],{"class":65},[47,84961,80],{"class":61},[47,84963,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,84965,103],{"class":102},[47,84967,106],{"class":61},[47,84969,84761],{"class":102},[47,84971,106],{"class":61},[47,84973,86],{"class":92},[47,84975,1978],{"class":61},[20,84977,219],{},[38,84979,84980],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84981,84982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84983,84984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84985,47185],{"class":65},[1404,84987,84989],{"id":84988},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84990,84991],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84993,84994],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,84996,84998],{"className":40,"code":84997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84999,85000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85001,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85003,103],{"class":102},[47,85005,106],{"class":61},[47,85007,84761],{"class":102},[47,85009,106],{"class":61},[47,85011,2627],{"class":65},[47,85013,69],{"class":61},[47,85015,442],{"class":65},[47,85017,69],{"class":61},[47,85019,31209],{"class":65},[47,85021,69],{"class":61},[47,85023,72],{"class":65},[47,85025,1978],{"class":61},[20,85027,219],{},[38,85029,85030],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85031,85032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85033,85034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85035,47185],{"class":65},[1404,85037,85039],{"id":85038},"miniterable-key",[15,85040,85041],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85043,118,85044,85046],{},[15,85045,279],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,85048,85050],{"className":40,"code":85049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85051,85052,85084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85053,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85055,625],{"class":53},[47,85057,58],{"class":57},[47,85059,62],{"class":61},[47,85061,633],{"class":632},[47,85063,996],{"class":636},[47,85065,633],{"class":632},[47,85067,69],{"class":61},[47,85069,644],{"class":632},[47,85071,38606],{"class":636},[47,85073,633],{"class":632},[47,85075,69],{"class":61},[47,85077,644],{"class":632},[47,85079,637],{"class":636},[47,85081,633],{"class":632},[47,85083,80],{"class":61},[47,85085,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85087,103],{"class":102},[47,85089,106],{"class":61},[47,85091,84761],{"class":102},[47,85093,106],{"class":61},[47,85095,665],{"class":92},[47,85097,69],{"class":61},[47,85099,21845],{"class":278},[47,85101,58],{"class":57},[47,85103,969],{"class":102},[47,85105,1978],{"class":61},[20,85107,219],{},[38,85109,85111],{"className":40,"code":85110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,85112,85113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85114,85115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85116,85110],{"class":53},[20,85118,85119],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85121,85122,85123,85125,85126,89],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85124,42627],{},", see the ",[252,85127,85128,3785],{"href":42624},[15,85129,42627],{},[1404,85131,85133],{"id":85132},"miniterable-default",[15,85134,85135],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85137,118,85138,85140],{},[15,85139,83037],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,85142,85144],{"className":40,"code":85143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85145,85146,85154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85147,85148,85150,85152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85149,54],{"class":53},[47,85151,58],{"class":57},[47,85153,8102],{"class":61},[47,85155,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85157,103],{"class":102},[47,85159,106],{"class":61},[47,85161,84761],{"class":102},[47,85163,106],{"class":61},[47,85165,86],{"class":92},[47,85167,69],{"class":61},[47,85169,26787],{"class":278},[47,85171,58],{"class":57},[47,85173,2403],{"class":65},[47,85175,1978],{"class":61},[20,85177,219],{},[38,85179,85180],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85181,85182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85183,85184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85185,47520],{"class":65},[20,85187,85188,85189,85191],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85190,40969],{}," when there is no item to return.",[33,85193,8681,85195,85197],{"id":85194},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85196,84336],{}," with numbers",[20,85199,85200,85202],{},[15,85201,84336],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,85204,85206],{"className":40,"code":85205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85207,85208,85233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85209,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85211,5329],{"class":53},[47,85213,58],{"class":57},[47,85215,62],{"class":61},[47,85217,51774],{"class":65},[47,85219,69],{"class":61},[47,85221,85222],{"class":65}," 72",[47,85224,69],{"class":61},[47,85226,29171],{"class":65},[47,85228,69],{"class":61},[47,85230,76351],{"class":65},[47,85232,80],{"class":61},[47,85234,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85236,103],{"class":102},[47,85238,106],{"class":61},[47,85240,84761],{"class":102},[47,85242,106],{"class":61},[47,85244,16654],{"class":92},[47,85246,1978],{"class":61},[20,85248,219],{},[38,85250,85252],{"className":40,"code":85251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,85253,85254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85255,85256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85257,85251],{"class":65},[20,85259,85260],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,85262,85264],{"className":40,"code":85263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85265,85266,85287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85267,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85281,85283,85285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85269,83149],{"class":53},[47,85271,58],{"class":57},[47,85273,62],{"class":61},[47,85275,40663],{"class":65},[47,85277,69],{"class":61},[47,85279,85280],{"class":65}," 5.49",[47,85282,69],{"class":61},[47,85284,83165],{"class":65},[47,85286,80],{"class":61},[47,85288,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85290,103],{"class":102},[47,85292,106],{"class":61},[47,85294,84761],{"class":102},[47,85296,106],{"class":61},[47,85298,83185],{"class":92},[47,85300,1978],{"class":61},[20,85302,219],{},[38,85304,85306],{"className":40,"code":85305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,85307,85308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85309,85310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85311,85305],{"class":65},[20,85313,85314],{},"This is useful for things like:",[138,85316,85317,85319,85321,85324],{},[141,85318,16654],{},[141,85320,83185],{},[141,85322,85323],{},"measurements",[141,85325,85326],{},"ages",[33,85328,8681,85330,47327],{"id":85329},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85331,84336],{},[20,85333,85334,85336],{},[15,85335,84336],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,85338,85340],{"className":40,"code":85339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85341,85342,85374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85343,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85345,625],{"class":53},[47,85347,58],{"class":57},[47,85349,62],{"class":61},[47,85351,633],{"class":632},[47,85353,637],{"class":636},[47,85355,633],{"class":632},[47,85357,69],{"class":61},[47,85359,644],{"class":632},[47,85361,647],{"class":636},[47,85363,633],{"class":632},[47,85365,69],{"class":61},[47,85367,644],{"class":632},[47,85369,656],{"class":636},[47,85371,633],{"class":632},[47,85373,80],{"class":61},[47,85375,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85377,103],{"class":102},[47,85379,106],{"class":61},[47,85381,84761],{"class":102},[47,85383,106],{"class":61},[47,85385,665],{"class":92},[47,85387,1978],{"class":61},[20,85389,219],{},[38,85391,85393],{"className":40,"code":85392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,85394,85395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85396,85397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85398,85392],{"class":53},[20,85400,85401],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,85403,85405],{"className":40,"code":85404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85406,85407,85439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85408,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85410,625],{"class":53},[47,85412,58],{"class":57},[47,85414,62],{"class":61},[47,85416,633],{"class":632},[47,85418,637],{"class":636},[47,85420,633],{"class":632},[47,85422,69],{"class":61},[47,85424,644],{"class":632},[47,85426,751],{"class":636},[47,85428,633],{"class":632},[47,85430,69],{"class":61},[47,85432,644],{"class":632},[47,85434,656],{"class":636},[47,85436,633],{"class":632},[47,85438,80],{"class":61},[47,85440,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85442,103],{"class":102},[47,85444,106],{"class":61},[47,85446,84761],{"class":102},[47,85448,106],{"class":61},[47,85450,665],{"class":92},[47,85452,1978],{"class":61},[20,85454,219],{},[38,85456,85458],{"className":40,"code":85457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\n",[15,85459,85460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85461,85462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85463,85457],{"class":53},[20,85465,85466],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85468,85469,85470,89],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[252,85471,85472,1389],{"href":1385},[15,85473,1228],{},[33,85475,8681,85477,85479],{"id":85476},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85478,84336],{}," with a key function",[20,85481,956,85482,85484],{},[15,85483,279],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85486,11722],{},[138,85488,85489,85494,85499],{},[141,85490,85491,85493],{},[15,85492,279],{}," changes the comparison rule",[141,85495,85496,85498],{},[15,85497,84336],{}," still returns the original item",[141,85500,85501],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1404,85503,85505],{"id":85504},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,85507,85509],{"className":40,"code":85508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85510,85511,85544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85512,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85540,85542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85514,625],{"class":53},[47,85516,58],{"class":57},[47,85518,62],{"class":61},[47,85520,633],{"class":632},[47,85522,68585],{"class":636},[47,85524,633],{"class":632},[47,85526,69],{"class":61},[47,85528,644],{"class":632},[47,85530,37311],{"class":636},[47,85532,633],{"class":632},[47,85534,69],{"class":61},[47,85536,644],{"class":632},[47,85538,85539],{"class":636},"giraffe",[47,85541,633],{"class":632},[47,85543,80],{"class":61},[47,85545,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85547,103],{"class":102},[47,85549,106],{"class":61},[47,85551,84761],{"class":102},[47,85553,106],{"class":61},[47,85555,665],{"class":92},[47,85557,69],{"class":61},[47,85559,21845],{"class":278},[47,85561,58],{"class":57},[47,85563,969],{"class":102},[47,85565,1978],{"class":61},[20,85567,219],{},[38,85569,85571],{"className":40,"code":85570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,85572,85573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85574,85575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85576,85570],{"class":53},[1404,85578,85580],{"id":85579},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,85582,85584],{"className":40,"code":85583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85585,85586,85596,85631,85663,85695,85699,85703,85742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85587,85588,85591,85593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85589,85590],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85592,58],{"class":57},[47,85594,85595],{"class":61}," [\n",[47,85597,85598,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85622,85624,85626,85628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85599,85600],{"class":61},"    {",[47,85602,633],{"class":632},[47,85604,7932],{"class":636},[47,85606,633],{"class":632},[47,85608,136],{"class":61},[47,85610,644],{"class":632},[47,85612,13143],{"class":636},[47,85614,633],{"class":632},[47,85616,69],{"class":61},[47,85618,644],{"class":632},[47,85620,85621],{"class":636},"score",[47,85623,633],{"class":632},[47,85625,136],{"class":61},[47,85627,13771],{"class":65},[47,85629,85630],{"class":61},"},\n",[47,85632,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,85634,85600],{"class":61},[47,85636,633],{"class":632},[47,85638,7932],{"class":636},[47,85640,633],{"class":632},[47,85642,136],{"class":61},[47,85644,644],{"class":632},[47,85646,36207],{"class":636},[47,85648,633],{"class":632},[47,85650,69],{"class":61},[47,85652,644],{"class":632},[47,85654,85621],{"class":636},[47,85656,633],{"class":632},[47,85658,136],{"class":61},[47,85660,85222],{"class":65},[47,85662,85630],{"class":61},[47,85664,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,85666,85600],{"class":61},[47,85668,633],{"class":632},[47,85670,7932],{"class":636},[47,85672,633],{"class":632},[47,85674,136],{"class":61},[47,85676,644],{"class":632},[47,85678,36216],{"class":636},[47,85680,633],{"class":632},[47,85682,69],{"class":61},[47,85684,644],{"class":632},[47,85686,85621],{"class":636},[47,85688,633],{"class":632},[47,85690,136],{"class":61},[47,85692,20163],{"class":65},[47,85694,9573],{"class":61},[47,85696,85697],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,85698,80],{"class":61},[47,85700,85701],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,85702,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,85704,85705,85708,85710,85713,85715,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,85706,85707],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85709,58],{"class":57},[47,85711,85712],{"class":102}," min",[47,85714,106],{"class":61},[47,85716,85717],{"class":92},"students",[47,85719,69],{"class":61},[47,85721,21845],{"class":278},[47,85723,58],{"class":57},[47,85725,37924],{"class":2348},[47,85727,13169],{"class":37927},[47,85729,136],{"class":61},[47,85731,13169],{"class":92},[47,85733,229],{"class":61},[47,85735,633],{"class":632},[47,85737,85621],{"class":636},[47,85739,633],{"class":632},[47,85741,2040],{"class":61},[47,85743,85744,85746,85748,85751],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,85745,103],{"class":102},[47,85747,106],{"class":61},[47,85749,85750],{"class":92},"lowest",[47,85752,216],{"class":61},[20,85754,219],{},[38,85756,85758],{"className":40,"code":85757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85759,85760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85761,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85763,9542],{"class":61},[47,85765,699],{"class":632},[47,85767,7932],{"class":636},[47,85769,699],{"class":632},[47,85771,136],{"class":61},[47,85773,708],{"class":632},[47,85775,36207],{"class":636},[47,85777,699],{"class":632},[47,85779,69],{"class":61},[47,85781,708],{"class":632},[47,85783,85621],{"class":636},[47,85785,699],{"class":632},[47,85787,136],{"class":61},[47,85789,85222],{"class":65},[47,85791,9573],{"class":61},[20,85793,85794,85795,85798],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85796,85797],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[33,85800,8681,85802,85804],{"id":85801},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85803,83037],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85806,85807],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,85809,85811],{"className":40,"code":85810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85812,85813,85821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85814,85815,85817,85819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85816,54],{"class":53},[47,85818,58],{"class":57},[47,85820,8102],{"class":61},[47,85822,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85824,103],{"class":102},[47,85826,106],{"class":61},[47,85828,84761],{"class":102},[47,85830,106],{"class":61},[47,85832,86],{"class":92},[47,85834,1978],{"class":61},[20,85836,219],{},[38,85838,85840],{"className":40,"code":85839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85841,85842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85843,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85845,40969],{"class":882},[47,85847,136],{"class":61},[47,85849,85712],{"class":102},[47,85851,7629],{"class":61},[47,85853,84007],{"class":53},[47,85855,12457],{"class":57},[47,85857,84012],{"class":53},[20,85859,85860,85861,136],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85862,83037],{},[38,85864,85866],{"className":40,"code":85865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85867,85868,85876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85869,85870,85872,85874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85871,54],{"class":53},[47,85873,58],{"class":57},[47,85875,8102],{"class":61},[47,85877,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85879,103],{"class":102},[47,85881,106],{"class":61},[47,85883,84761],{"class":102},[47,85885,106],{"class":61},[47,85887,86],{"class":92},[47,85889,69],{"class":61},[47,85891,26787],{"class":278},[47,85893,58],{"class":57},[47,85895,124],{"class":284},[47,85897,1978],{"class":61},[20,85899,219],{},[38,85901,85902],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85903,85904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85905,85906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85907,1490],{"class":284},[20,85909,85910],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85912,85913],{},"Remember:",[138,85915,85916,85924],{},[141,85917,85918,85920,85921,85923],{},[15,85919,83037],{}," works only when ",[15,85922,84336],{}," gets one iterable argument",[141,85925,85926,85927],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85928,85929],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85931,85932,85933,89],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[252,85934,66099],{"href":73137},[33,85936,11010],{"id":11009},[20,85938,57041,85939,89],{},[15,85940,84336],{},[1404,85942,85944,85945],{"id":85943},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85946,83037],{},[20,85948,1571,85949,136],{},[15,85950,40969],{},[38,85952,85954],{"className":40,"code":85953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85955,85956,85964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85957,85958,85960,85962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85959,1536],{"class":53},[47,85961,58],{"class":57},[47,85963,8102],{"class":61},[47,85965,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,85967,103],{"class":102},[47,85969,106],{"class":61},[47,85971,84761],{"class":102},[47,85973,106],{"class":61},[47,85975,1562],{"class":92},[47,85977,1978],{"class":61},[20,85979,85980],{},"Fix it by:",[138,85982,85983,85986],{},[141,85984,85985],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[141,85987,85988,85989],{},"or using ",[15,85990,83037],{},[38,85992,85994],{"className":40,"code":85993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85995,85996,86004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85997,85998,86000,86002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85999,1536],{"class":53},[47,86001,58],{"class":57},[47,86003,8102],{"class":61},[47,86005,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86027,86029],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86007,103],{"class":102},[47,86009,106],{"class":61},[47,86011,84761],{"class":102},[47,86013,106],{"class":61},[47,86015,1562],{"class":92},[47,86017,69],{"class":61},[47,86019,26787],{"class":278},[47,86021,58],{"class":57},[47,86023,633],{"class":632},[47,86025,86026],{"class":636},"no items",[47,86028,633],{"class":632},[47,86030,1978],{"class":61},[1404,86032,86034],{"id":86033},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86036,86037],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,86039,86041],{"className":40,"code":86040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86042,86043,86067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86044,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86046,9430],{"class":53},[47,86048,58],{"class":57},[47,86050,62],{"class":61},[47,86052,437],{"class":65},[47,86054,69],{"class":61},[47,86056,644],{"class":632},[47,86058,16019],{"class":636},[47,86060,633],{"class":632},[47,86062,69],{"class":61},[47,86064,241],{"class":65},[47,86066,80],{"class":61},[47,86068,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86070,103],{"class":102},[47,86072,106],{"class":61},[47,86074,84761],{"class":102},[47,86076,106],{"class":61},[47,86078,9468],{"class":92},[47,86080,1978],{"class":61},[20,86082,219],{},[38,86084,86086],{"className":40,"code":86085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,86087,86088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86089,86090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86091,86085],{"class":882},[20,86093,86094],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86096,86097,86098,89],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86099,84336],{},[38,86101,86103],{"className":40,"code":86102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86104,86105,86129,86155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86106,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86108,9430],{"class":53},[47,86110,58],{"class":57},[47,86112,62],{"class":61},[47,86114,437],{"class":65},[47,86116,69],{"class":61},[47,86118,644],{"class":632},[47,86120,16019],{"class":636},[47,86122,633],{"class":632},[47,86124,69],{"class":61},[47,86126,241],{"class":65},[47,86128,80],{"class":61},[47,86130,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86132,54],{"class":53},[47,86134,58],{"class":57},[47,86136,62],{"class":61},[47,86138,2471],{"class":882},[47,86140,106],{"class":61},[47,86142,2456],{"class":92},[47,86144,111],{"class":61},[47,86146,2028],{"class":2027},[47,86148,4151],{"class":53},[47,86150,2034],{"class":2027},[47,86152,14831],{"class":53},[47,86154,80],{"class":61},[47,86156,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,86158,103],{"class":102},[47,86160,106],{"class":61},[47,86162,84761],{"class":102},[47,86164,106],{"class":61},[47,86166,86],{"class":92},[47,86168,1978],{"class":61},[20,86170,219],{},[38,86172,86173],{"className":40,"code":3227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86174,86175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86176,86177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86178,3227],{"class":65},[20,86180,86181,86182,89],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86183,1574],{},[1404,86185,86187],{"id":86186},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86189,86190],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,86192,86194],{"className":40,"code":86193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86195,86196,86228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86197,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86199,625],{"class":53},[47,86201,58],{"class":57},[47,86203,62],{"class":61},[47,86205,633],{"class":632},[47,86207,1855],{"class":636},[47,86209,633],{"class":632},[47,86211,69],{"class":61},[47,86213,644],{"class":632},[47,86215,751],{"class":636},[47,86217,633],{"class":632},[47,86219,69],{"class":61},[47,86221,644],{"class":632},[47,86223,1872],{"class":636},[47,86225,633],{"class":632},[47,86227,80],{"class":61},[47,86229,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86231,103],{"class":102},[47,86233,106],{"class":61},[47,86235,84761],{"class":102},[47,86237,106],{"class":61},[47,86239,665],{"class":92},[47,86241,1978],{"class":61},[20,86243,219],{},[38,86245,86246],{"className":40,"code":85457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86247,86248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86249,86250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86251,85457],{"class":53},[20,86253,86254],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,86256,86258],{"className":40,"code":86257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86259,86260,86292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86261,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86263,625],{"class":53},[47,86265,58],{"class":57},[47,86267,62],{"class":61},[47,86269,633],{"class":632},[47,86271,1855],{"class":636},[47,86273,633],{"class":632},[47,86275,69],{"class":61},[47,86277,644],{"class":632},[47,86279,751],{"class":636},[47,86281,633],{"class":632},[47,86283,69],{"class":61},[47,86285,644],{"class":632},[47,86287,1872],{"class":636},[47,86289,633],{"class":632},[47,86291,80],{"class":61},[47,86293,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86295,103],{"class":102},[47,86297,106],{"class":61},[47,86299,84761],{"class":102},[47,86301,106],{"class":61},[47,86303,665],{"class":92},[47,86305,69],{"class":61},[47,86307,21845],{"class":278},[47,86309,58],{"class":57},[47,86311,883],{"class":882},[47,86313,89],{"class":61},[47,86315,889],{"class":888},[47,86317,1978],{"class":61},[20,86319,219],{},[38,86321,86322],{"className":40,"code":85457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86323,86324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86325,86326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86327,85457],{"class":53},[20,86329,86330],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[33,86332,5227,86334],{"id":86333},"when-to-use-min",[15,86335,84336],{},[20,86337,118,86338,10866],{},[15,86339,84336],{},[138,86341,86342,86345,86350],{},[141,86343,86344],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[141,86346,86347,86348],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86349,279],{},[141,86351,86352],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86354,118,86355,86359],{},[252,86356,86357],{"href":1385},[15,86358,1228],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86361,118,86362,86367],{},[252,86363,86365],{"href":86364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86366,82682],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[33,86369,1397],{"id":1396},[20,86371,84341],{},[138,86373,86374,86382,86385,86390,86397],{},[141,86375,86376,86377,86379,86380],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86378,84336],{}," without using ",[15,86381,83037],{},[141,86383,86384],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[141,86386,8717,86387,86389],{},[15,86388,84336],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[141,86391,1579,86392,86394,86395,85498],{},[15,86393,279],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86396,84336],{},[141,86398,8681,86399,86401],{},[15,86400,83037],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86403,86404,86405,86407],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86406,84336],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,86409,86411],{"className":40,"code":86410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86412,86413,86427,86437,86451,86465,86487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86414,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86416,103],{"class":102},[47,86418,106],{"class":61},[47,86420,1971],{"class":882},[47,86422,106],{"class":61},[47,86424,9468],{"class":92},[47,86426,1978],{"class":61},[47,86428,86429,86431,86433,86435],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86430,103],{"class":102},[47,86432,106],{"class":61},[47,86434,9468],{"class":92},[47,86436,216],{"class":61},[47,86438,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,86440,103],{"class":102},[47,86442,106],{"class":61},[47,86444,969],{"class":102},[47,86446,106],{"class":61},[47,86448,9468],{"class":92},[47,86450,1978],{"class":61},[47,86452,86453,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,86454,103],{"class":102},[47,86456,106],{"class":61},[47,86458,84761],{"class":102},[47,86460,106],{"class":61},[47,86462,9468],{"class":92},[47,86464,1978],{"class":61},[47,86466,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,86468,103],{"class":102},[47,86470,106],{"class":61},[47,86472,84761],{"class":102},[47,86474,106],{"class":61},[47,86476,9468],{"class":92},[47,86478,69],{"class":61},[47,86480,26787],{"class":278},[47,86482,58],{"class":57},[47,86484,124],{"class":284},[47,86486,1978],{"class":61},[47,86488,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,86490,103],{"class":102},[47,86492,106],{"class":61},[47,86494,84761],{"class":102},[47,86496,106],{"class":61},[47,86498,665],{"class":92},[47,86500,69],{"class":61},[47,86502,21845],{"class":278},[47,86504,58],{"class":57},[47,86506,969],{"class":102},[47,86508,1978],{"class":61},[20,86510,86511,86512,86515,86516,86518],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86513,86514],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86517,9468],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[33,86520,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,86522,5408,86524,5411],{"id":86523},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86525,84336],{},[20,86527,86528],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1404,86530,5436,86532,84517],{"id":86531},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86533,84336],{},[20,86535,86536],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1404,86538,71905],{"id":71904},[20,86540,86541,52764,86543,84529,86545,36885],{},[15,86542,84336],{},[15,86544,40969],{},[15,86546,83037],{},[1404,86548,5408,86550,86552,86553,2099],{"id":86549},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86551,279],{}," do in ",[15,86554,84336],{},[20,86556,86557,86559,86560,86562],{},[15,86558,279],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86561,83590],{}," compares strings by length.",[1404,86564,2094,86566,1233,86568,2099],{"id":86565},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86567,84336],{},[15,86569,1228],{},[20,86571,86572,86574,86575,86577],{},[15,86573,84336],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86576,1228],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[33,86579,2187],{"id":2186},[138,86581,86582,86588,86594,86600,86604,86608],{},[141,86583,86584],{},[252,86585,86586,3785],{"href":86364},[15,86587,82682],{},[141,86589,86590],{},[252,86591,86592,3785],{"href":1385},[15,86593,1228],{},[141,86595,86596],{},[252,86597,86598,3785],{"href":42624},[15,86599,42627],{},[141,86601,86602],{},[252,86603,2194],{"href":607},[141,86605,86606],{},[252,86607,59221],{"href":59220},[141,86609,86610],{},[252,86611,66099],{"href":73137},[2210,86613,86614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":86616},[86617,86618,86620,86626,86628,86630,86635,86637,86643,86645,86646,86657],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":84820,"depth":83,"text":86619},"What min() does",{"id":84841,"depth":83,"text":84842,"children":86621},[86622,86623,86624,86625],{"id":84926,"depth":99,"text":84929},{"id":84988,"depth":99,"text":84991},{"id":85038,"depth":99,"text":85041},{"id":85132,"depth":99,"text":85135},{"id":85194,"depth":83,"text":86627},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85329,"depth":83,"text":86629},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85476,"depth":83,"text":86631,"children":86632},"Using min() with a key function",[86633,86634],{"id":85504,"depth":99,"text":85505},{"id":85579,"depth":99,"text":85580},{"id":85801,"depth":83,"text":86636},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11009,"depth":83,"text":11010,"children":86638},[86639,86641,86642],{"id":85943,"depth":99,"text":86640},"Empty list without default",{"id":86033,"depth":99,"text":86034},{"id":86186,"depth":99,"text":86187},{"id":86333,"depth":83,"text":86644},"When to use min()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":86647},[86648,86650,86652,86653,86655],{"id":86523,"depth":99,"text":86649},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86531,"depth":99,"text":86651},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71904,"depth":99,"text":71905},{"id":86549,"depth":99,"text":86654},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86565,"depth":99,"text":86656},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84703,"description":86658},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86665,"title":86666,"body":86667,"description":88846,"extension":2248,"meta":88847,"navigation":203,"path":88848,"seo":88849,"stem":88850,"__hash__":88851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86668,"toc":88810},[86669,86672,86678,86684,86686,86767,86776,86780,86785,86787,86832,86834,86914,86920,86922,86925,86957,86959,86977,86979,87052,87054,87073,87077,87080,87116,87118,87185,87259,87332,87337,87341,87347,87350,87367,87370,87372,87433,87435,87455,87461,87465,87468,87538,87541,87560,87565,87641,87644,87648,87654,87658,87663,87733,87737,87742,87816,87820,87823,87898,87909,87913,87918,88008,88013,88081,88084,88103,88114,88118,88121,88126,88129,88191,88194,88205,88210,88213,88216,88221,88224,88227,88231,88234,88240,88243,88254,88256,88318,88333,88339,88342,88345,88356,88367,88373,88376,88378,88440,88450,88456,88461,88467,88471,88477,88480,88501,88503,88508,88535,88538,88565,88568,88607,88610,88648,88651,88712,88715,88717,88721,88724,88728,88734,88742,88750,88754,88757,88761,88767,88769,88807],[10,86670,86666],{"id":86671},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86673,86674,86677],{},[15,86675,86676],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86679,86680,86681,86683],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86682,86676],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[33,86685,36],{"id":35},[38,86687,86689],{"className":40,"code":86688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86690,86691,86740,86756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86692,86693,86696,86699,86701,86703,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86721,86723,86725,86728,86730,86732,86734,86738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86694,86695],{"class":2027},"with",[47,86697,86698],{"class":102}," open",[47,86700,106],{"class":61},[47,86702,633],{"class":632},[47,86704,86705],{"class":636},"example.txt",[47,86707,633],{"class":632},[47,86709,69],{"class":61},[47,86711,644],{"class":632},[47,86713,60769],{"class":636},[47,86715,633],{"class":632},[47,86717,69],{"class":61},[47,86719,86720],{"class":278}," encoding",[47,86722,58],{"class":57},[47,86724,633],{"class":632},[47,86726,86727],{"class":636},"utf-8",[47,86729,633],{"class":632},[47,86731,111],{"class":61},[47,86733,47626],{"class":2027},[47,86735,86737],{"class":86736},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86739,6657],{"class":61},[47,86741,86742,86745,86747,86749,86751,86754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86743,86744],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86746,58],{"class":57},[47,86748,86737],{"class":86736},[47,86750,89],{"class":61},[47,86752,86753],{"class":92},"read",[47,86755,96],{"class":61},[47,86757,86758,86760,86762,86765],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,86759,8333],{"class":102},[47,86761,106],{"class":61},[47,86763,86764],{"class":92},"content",[47,86766,216],{"class":61},[20,86768,118,86769,86771,86772,86775],{},[15,86770,86695],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86773,86774],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[33,86777,86779],{"id":86778},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86781,86782,86784],{},[15,86783,86676],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86786,11722],{},[138,86788,86789,86792,86797,86802],{},[141,86790,86791],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[141,86793,41171,86794,86796],{},[4015,86795,4896],{}," read or write anything by itself",[141,86798,17687,86799],{},[4015,86800,86801],{},"file object",[141,86803,86804,86805],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[138,86806,86807,86812,86817,86822,86827],{},[141,86808,86809],{},[15,86810,86811],{},"read()",[141,86813,86814],{},[15,86815,86816],{},"readline()",[141,86818,86819],{},[15,86820,86821],{},"readlines()",[141,86823,86824],{},[15,86825,86826],{},"write()",[141,86828,86829],{},[15,86830,86831],{},"close()",[20,86833,318],{},[38,86835,86837],{"className":40,"code":86836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86838,86839,86878,86893,86903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86840,86841,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86842,86843],{"class":86736},"file",[47,86845,13540],{"class":57},[47,86847,86698],{"class":102},[47,86849,106],{"class":61},[47,86851,633],{"class":632},[47,86853,86705],{"class":636},[47,86855,633],{"class":632},[47,86857,69],{"class":61},[47,86859,644],{"class":632},[47,86861,60769],{"class":636},[47,86863,633],{"class":632},[47,86865,69],{"class":61},[47,86867,86720],{"class":278},[47,86869,58],{"class":57},[47,86871,633],{"class":632},[47,86873,86727],{"class":636},[47,86875,633],{"class":632},[47,86877,216],{"class":61},[47,86879,86880,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,86881,86882],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86884,58],{"class":57},[47,86886,86737],{"class":86736},[47,86888,89],{"class":61},[47,86890,86753],{"class":92},[47,86892,96],{"class":61},[47,86894,86895,86897,86899,86901],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,86896,103],{"class":102},[47,86898,106],{"class":61},[47,86900,86764],{"class":92},[47,86902,216],{"class":61},[47,86904,86905,86907,86909,86912],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,86906,86843],{"class":86736},[47,86908,89],{"class":61},[47,86910,86911],{"class":92},"close",[47,86913,96],{"class":61},[20,86915,86916,86917,86919],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86918,86695],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[33,86921,259],{"id":258},[20,86923,86924],{},"A common form is:",[38,86926,86928],{"className":40,"code":86927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86929,86930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86931,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86933,42693],{"class":102},[47,86935,106],{"class":61},[47,86937,86843],{"class":86736},[47,86939,69],{"class":61},[47,86941,86942],{"class":92}," mode",[47,86944,69],{"class":61},[47,86946,86720],{"class":278},[47,86948,58],{"class":57},[47,86950,633],{"class":632},[47,86952,86727],{"class":636},[47,86954,633],{"class":632},[47,86956,216],{"class":61},[20,86958,65305],{},[138,86960,86961,86966,86971],{},[141,86962,86963,86965],{},[15,86964,86843],{}," is the file name or file path",[141,86967,86968,86970],{},[15,86969,21184],{}," controls how the file is opened",[141,86972,86973,86976],{},[15,86974,86975],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86978,318],{},[38,86980,86982],{"className":40,"code":86981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86983,86984,87027,87042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86985,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86987,86695],{"class":2027},[47,86989,86698],{"class":102},[47,86991,106],{"class":61},[47,86993,633],{"class":632},[47,86995,86996],{"class":636},"notes.txt",[47,86998,633],{"class":632},[47,87000,69],{"class":61},[47,87002,644],{"class":632},[47,87004,60769],{"class":636},[47,87006,633],{"class":632},[47,87008,69],{"class":61},[47,87010,86720],{"class":278},[47,87012,58],{"class":57},[47,87014,633],{"class":632},[47,87016,86727],{"class":636},[47,87018,633],{"class":632},[47,87020,111],{"class":61},[47,87022,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87024,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87026,6657],{"class":61},[47,87028,87029,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87030,87031],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,87033,58],{"class":57},[47,87035,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87037,89],{"class":61},[47,87039,86753],{"class":92},[47,87041,96],{"class":61},[47,87043,87044,87046,87048,87050],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87045,8333],{"class":102},[47,87047,106],{"class":61},[47,87049,1614],{"class":92},[47,87051,216],{"class":61},[20,87053,20222],{},[138,87055,87056,87062,87067],{},[141,87057,87058,87061],{},[15,87059,87060],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[141,87063,87064,87066],{},[15,87065,86774],{}," means open for reading",[141,87068,87069,87072],{},[15,87070,87071],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[33,87074,87076],{"id":87075},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87078,87079],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[138,87081,87082,87087,87093,87098,87104,87110],{},[141,87083,87084,87086],{},[15,87085,86774],{}," = read a text file",[141,87088,87089,87092],{},[15,87090,87091],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[141,87094,87095,87097],{},[15,87096,18361],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[141,87099,87100,87103],{},[15,87101,87102],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[141,87105,87106,87109],{},[15,87107,87108],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[141,87111,87112,87115],{},[15,87113,87114],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87117,2409],{},[38,87119,87121],{"className":40,"code":87120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87122,87123,87128,87171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87124,87125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87126,87127],{"class":114},"# Read a text file\n",[47,87129,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87131,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87133,86698],{"class":102},[47,87135,106],{"class":61},[47,87137,633],{"class":632},[47,87139,87140],{"class":636},"data.txt",[47,87142,633],{"class":632},[47,87144,69],{"class":61},[47,87146,644],{"class":632},[47,87148,60769],{"class":636},[47,87150,633],{"class":632},[47,87152,69],{"class":61},[47,87154,86720],{"class":278},[47,87156,58],{"class":57},[47,87158,633],{"class":632},[47,87160,86727],{"class":636},[47,87162,633],{"class":632},[47,87164,111],{"class":61},[47,87166,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87168,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87170,6657],{"class":61},[47,87172,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87174,8333],{"class":102},[47,87176,106],{"class":61},[47,87178,86843],{"class":86736},[47,87180,89],{"class":61},[47,87182,86753],{"class":92},[47,87184,1993],{"class":61},[38,87186,87188],{"className":40,"code":87187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87189,87190,87195,87237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87191,87192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87193,87194],{"class":114},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,87196,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87198,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87200,86698],{"class":102},[47,87202,106],{"class":61},[47,87204,633],{"class":632},[47,87206,87140],{"class":636},[47,87208,633],{"class":632},[47,87210,69],{"class":61},[47,87212,644],{"class":632},[47,87214,60752],{"class":636},[47,87216,633],{"class":632},[47,87218,69],{"class":61},[47,87220,86720],{"class":278},[47,87222,58],{"class":57},[47,87224,633],{"class":632},[47,87226,86727],{"class":636},[47,87228,633],{"class":632},[47,87230,111],{"class":61},[47,87232,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87234,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87236,6657],{"class":61},[47,87238,87239,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87255,87257],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87240,87241],{"class":86736},"    file",[47,87243,89],{"class":61},[47,87245,70454],{"class":92},[47,87247,106],{"class":61},[47,87249,633],{"class":632},[47,87251,35132],{"class":636},[47,87253,87254],{"class":34720},"\\n",[47,87256,633],{"class":632},[47,87258,216],{"class":61},[38,87260,87262],{"className":40,"code":87261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87263,87264,87269,87311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87265,87266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87267,87268],{"class":114},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87272,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87274,86698],{"class":102},[47,87276,106],{"class":61},[47,87278,633],{"class":632},[47,87280,87140],{"class":636},[47,87282,633],{"class":632},[47,87284,69],{"class":61},[47,87286,644],{"class":632},[47,87288,252],{"class":636},[47,87290,633],{"class":632},[47,87292,69],{"class":61},[47,87294,86720],{"class":278},[47,87296,58],{"class":57},[47,87298,633],{"class":632},[47,87300,86727],{"class":636},[47,87302,633],{"class":632},[47,87304,111],{"class":61},[47,87306,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87308,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87310,6657],{"class":61},[47,87312,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87326,87328,87330],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87314,87241],{"class":86736},[47,87316,89],{"class":61},[47,87318,70454],{"class":92},[47,87320,106],{"class":61},[47,87322,633],{"class":632},[47,87324,87325],{"class":636},"Another line",[47,87327,87254],{"class":34720},[47,87329,633],{"class":632},[47,87331,216],{"class":61},[20,87333,69606,87334,87336],{},[15,87335,87091],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[33,87338,87340],{"id":87339},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87342,87343,22241,87345,89],{},[15,87344,86676],{},[4015,87346,86801],{},[20,87348,87349],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[138,87351,87352,87357,87362],{},[141,87353,87354],{},[15,87355,87356],{},"file.read()",[141,87358,87359],{},[15,87360,87361],{},"file.write()",[141,87363,87364],{},[15,87365,87366],{},"file.close()",[20,87368,87369],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87371,318],{},[38,87373,87375],{"className":40,"code":87374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87376,87377,87419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87378,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87380,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87382,86698],{"class":102},[47,87384,106],{"class":61},[47,87386,633],{"class":632},[47,87388,86705],{"class":636},[47,87390,633],{"class":632},[47,87392,69],{"class":61},[47,87394,644],{"class":632},[47,87396,60769],{"class":636},[47,87398,633],{"class":632},[47,87400,69],{"class":61},[47,87402,86720],{"class":278},[47,87404,58],{"class":57},[47,87406,633],{"class":632},[47,87408,86727],{"class":636},[47,87410,633],{"class":632},[47,87412,111],{"class":61},[47,87414,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87416,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87418,6657],{"class":61},[47,87420,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87422,8333],{"class":102},[47,87424,106],{"class":61},[47,87426,1971],{"class":882},[47,87428,106],{"class":61},[47,87430,86843],{"class":86736},[47,87432,1978],{"class":61},[20,87434,30295],{},[38,87436,87438],{"className":40,"code":87437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87439,87440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87441,87442,87444,87446,87448,87451,87453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87443,3568],{"class":57},[47,87445,3571],{"class":2348},[47,87447,708],{"class":632},[47,87449,87450],{"class":636},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87452,699],{"class":632},[47,87454,3580],{"class":57},[20,87456,87457,87458,87460],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87459,86676],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[33,87462,87464],{"id":87463},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87466,87467],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,87469,87470],{"className":40,"code":86688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87471,87472,87514,87528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87473,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87475,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87477,86698],{"class":102},[47,87479,106],{"class":61},[47,87481,633],{"class":632},[47,87483,86705],{"class":636},[47,87485,633],{"class":632},[47,87487,69],{"class":61},[47,87489,644],{"class":632},[47,87491,60769],{"class":636},[47,87493,633],{"class":632},[47,87495,69],{"class":61},[47,87497,86720],{"class":278},[47,87499,58],{"class":57},[47,87501,633],{"class":632},[47,87503,86727],{"class":636},[47,87505,633],{"class":632},[47,87507,111],{"class":61},[47,87509,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87511,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87513,6657],{"class":61},[47,87515,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87517,86744],{"class":53},[47,87519,58],{"class":57},[47,87521,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87523,89],{"class":61},[47,87525,86753],{"class":92},[47,87527,96],{"class":61},[47,87529,87530,87532,87534,87536],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87531,8333],{"class":102},[47,87533,106],{"class":61},[47,87535,86764],{"class":92},[47,87537,216],{"class":61},[20,87539,87540],{},"Why this is recommended:",[138,87542,87543,87548,87554,87557],{},[141,87544,87545,87547],{},[15,87546,86695],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[141,87549,87550,87551,87553],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87552,86831],{}," yourself",[141,87555,87556],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[141,87558,87559],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87561,83853,87562,87564],{},[15,87563,86695],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,87566,87567],{"className":40,"code":86836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87568,87569,87607,87621,87631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87570,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87572,86843],{"class":86736},[47,87574,13540],{"class":57},[47,87576,86698],{"class":102},[47,87578,106],{"class":61},[47,87580,633],{"class":632},[47,87582,86705],{"class":636},[47,87584,633],{"class":632},[47,87586,69],{"class":61},[47,87588,644],{"class":632},[47,87590,60769],{"class":636},[47,87592,633],{"class":632},[47,87594,69],{"class":61},[47,87596,86720],{"class":278},[47,87598,58],{"class":57},[47,87600,633],{"class":632},[47,87602,86727],{"class":636},[47,87604,633],{"class":632},[47,87606,216],{"class":61},[47,87608,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87610,86882],{"class":53},[47,87612,58],{"class":57},[47,87614,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87616,89],{"class":61},[47,87618,86753],{"class":92},[47,87620,96],{"class":61},[47,87622,87623,87625,87627,87629],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87624,103],{"class":102},[47,87626,106],{"class":61},[47,87628,86764],{"class":92},[47,87630,216],{"class":61},[47,87632,87633,87635,87637,87639],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,87634,86843],{"class":86736},[47,87636,89],{"class":61},[47,87638,86911],{"class":92},[47,87640,96],{"class":61},[20,87642,87643],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[33,87645,87647],{"id":87646},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87649,87650,87651,87653],{},"Use mode ",[15,87652,86774],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1404,87655,87657],{"id":87656},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87659,87660,87662],{},[15,87661,86811],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,87664,87665],{"className":40,"code":86688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87666,87667,87709,87723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87668,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87670,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87672,86698],{"class":102},[47,87674,106],{"class":61},[47,87676,633],{"class":632},[47,87678,86705],{"class":636},[47,87680,633],{"class":632},[47,87682,69],{"class":61},[47,87684,644],{"class":632},[47,87686,60769],{"class":636},[47,87688,633],{"class":632},[47,87690,69],{"class":61},[47,87692,86720],{"class":278},[47,87694,58],{"class":57},[47,87696,633],{"class":632},[47,87698,86727],{"class":636},[47,87700,633],{"class":632},[47,87702,111],{"class":61},[47,87704,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87706,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87708,6657],{"class":61},[47,87710,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87712,86744],{"class":53},[47,87714,58],{"class":57},[47,87716,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87718,89],{"class":61},[47,87720,86753],{"class":92},[47,87722,96],{"class":61},[47,87724,87725,87727,87729,87731],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87726,8333],{"class":102},[47,87728,106],{"class":61},[47,87730,86764],{"class":92},[47,87732,216],{"class":61},[1404,87734,87736],{"id":87735},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87738,87739,87741],{},[15,87740,86816],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,87743,87745],{"className":40,"code":87744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87746,87747,87789,87805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87748,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87750,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87752,86698],{"class":102},[47,87754,106],{"class":61},[47,87756,633],{"class":632},[47,87758,86705],{"class":636},[47,87760,633],{"class":632},[47,87762,69],{"class":61},[47,87764,644],{"class":632},[47,87766,60769],{"class":636},[47,87768,633],{"class":632},[47,87770,69],{"class":61},[47,87772,86720],{"class":278},[47,87774,58],{"class":57},[47,87776,633],{"class":632},[47,87778,86727],{"class":636},[47,87780,633],{"class":632},[47,87782,111],{"class":61},[47,87784,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87786,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87788,6657],{"class":61},[47,87790,87791,87794,87796,87798,87800,87803],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87792,87793],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87795,58],{"class":57},[47,87797,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87799,89],{"class":61},[47,87801,87802],{"class":92},"readline",[47,87804,96],{"class":61},[47,87806,87807,87809,87811,87814],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87808,8333],{"class":102},[47,87810,106],{"class":61},[47,87812,87813],{"class":92},"first_line",[47,87815,216],{"class":61},[1404,87817,87819],{"id":87818},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87821,87822],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,87824,87826],{"className":40,"code":87825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87827,87828,87870,87884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87829,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87831,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87833,86698],{"class":102},[47,87835,106],{"class":61},[47,87837,633],{"class":632},[47,87839,86705],{"class":636},[47,87841,633],{"class":632},[47,87843,69],{"class":61},[47,87845,644],{"class":632},[47,87847,60769],{"class":636},[47,87849,633],{"class":632},[47,87851,69],{"class":61},[47,87853,86720],{"class":278},[47,87855,58],{"class":57},[47,87857,633],{"class":632},[47,87859,86727],{"class":636},[47,87861,633],{"class":632},[47,87863,111],{"class":61},[47,87865,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87867,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87869,6657],{"class":61},[47,87871,87872,87875,87878,87880,87882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87873,87874],{"class":2027},"    for",[47,87876,87877],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87879,2034],{"class":2027},[47,87881,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87883,6657],{"class":61},[47,87885,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87887,47606],{"class":102},[47,87889,106],{"class":61},[47,87891,49],{"class":92},[47,87893,89],{"class":61},[47,87895,8899],{"class":92},[47,87897,1993],{"class":61},[20,87899,87900,87901,3158,87905,89],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[252,87902,87904],{"href":87903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[252,87906,87908],{"href":87907},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[33,87910,87912],{"id":87911},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87914,118,87915,87917],{},[15,87916,87091],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,87919,87921],{"className":40,"code":87920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87922,87923,87966,87987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87924,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87926,86695],{"class":2027},[47,87928,86698],{"class":102},[47,87930,106],{"class":61},[47,87932,633],{"class":632},[47,87934,87935],{"class":636},"output.txt",[47,87937,633],{"class":632},[47,87939,69],{"class":61},[47,87941,644],{"class":632},[47,87943,60752],{"class":636},[47,87945,633],{"class":632},[47,87947,69],{"class":61},[47,87949,86720],{"class":278},[47,87951,58],{"class":57},[47,87953,633],{"class":632},[47,87955,86727],{"class":636},[47,87957,633],{"class":632},[47,87959,111],{"class":61},[47,87961,47626],{"class":2027},[47,87963,86737],{"class":86736},[47,87965,6657],{"class":61},[47,87967,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87981,87983,87985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,87969,87241],{"class":86736},[47,87971,89],{"class":61},[47,87973,70454],{"class":92},[47,87975,106],{"class":61},[47,87977,633],{"class":632},[47,87979,87980],{"class":636},"First line",[47,87982,87254],{"class":34720},[47,87984,633],{"class":632},[47,87986,216],{"class":61},[47,87988,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88002,88004,88006],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,87990,87241],{"class":86736},[47,87992,89],{"class":61},[47,87994,70454],{"class":92},[47,87996,106],{"class":61},[47,87998,633],{"class":632},[47,88000,88001],{"class":636},"Second line",[47,88003,87254],{"class":34720},[47,88005,633],{"class":632},[47,88007,216],{"class":61},[20,88009,118,88010,88012],{},[15,88011,18361],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,88014,88016],{"className":40,"code":88015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88017,88018,88060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88019,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88021,86695],{"class":2027},[47,88023,86698],{"class":102},[47,88025,106],{"class":61},[47,88027,633],{"class":632},[47,88029,87935],{"class":636},[47,88031,633],{"class":632},[47,88033,69],{"class":61},[47,88035,644],{"class":632},[47,88037,252],{"class":636},[47,88039,633],{"class":632},[47,88041,69],{"class":61},[47,88043,86720],{"class":278},[47,88045,58],{"class":57},[47,88047,633],{"class":632},[47,88049,86727],{"class":636},[47,88051,633],{"class":632},[47,88053,111],{"class":61},[47,88055,47626],{"class":2027},[47,88057,86737],{"class":86736},[47,88059,6657],{"class":61},[47,88061,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88075,88077,88079],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88063,87241],{"class":86736},[47,88065,89],{"class":61},[47,88067,70454],{"class":92},[47,88069,106],{"class":61},[47,88071,633],{"class":632},[47,88073,88074],{"class":636},"Third line",[47,88076,87254],{"class":34720},[47,88078,633],{"class":632},[47,88080,216],{"class":61},[20,88082,88083],{},"Important detail:",[138,88085,88086,88091,88098],{},[141,88087,88088,88090],{},[15,88089,86826],{}," writes a string",[141,88092,88093,14318,88095,88097],{},[15,88094,86826],{},[4015,88096,4896],{}," add a newline for you",[141,88099,88100,88101,87553],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88102,87254],{},[20,88104,88105,88106,3158,88110,89],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[252,88107,88109],{"href":88108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[252,88111,88113],{"href":88112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[33,88115,88117],{"id":88116},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88119,88120],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1404,88122,88124],{"id":88123},"encodingutf-8",[15,88125,87071],{},[20,88127,88128],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,88130,88132],{"className":40,"code":88131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88133,88134,88177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88135,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88137,86695],{"class":2027},[47,88139,86698],{"class":102},[47,88141,106],{"class":61},[47,88143,633],{"class":632},[47,88145,88146],{"class":636},"message.txt",[47,88148,633],{"class":632},[47,88150,69],{"class":61},[47,88152,644],{"class":632},[47,88154,60769],{"class":636},[47,88156,633],{"class":632},[47,88158,69],{"class":61},[47,88160,86720],{"class":278},[47,88162,58],{"class":57},[47,88164,633],{"class":632},[47,88166,86727],{"class":636},[47,88168,633],{"class":632},[47,88170,111],{"class":61},[47,88172,47626],{"class":2027},[47,88174,86737],{"class":86736},[47,88176,6657],{"class":61},[47,88178,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88180,8333],{"class":102},[47,88182,106],{"class":61},[47,88184,86843],{"class":86736},[47,88186,89],{"class":61},[47,88188,86753],{"class":92},[47,88190,1993],{"class":61},[20,88192,88193],{},"Why it matters:",[138,88195,88196,88199,88202],{},[141,88197,88198],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[141,88200,88201],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[141,88203,88204],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1404,88206,88208],{"id":88207},"newline",[15,88209,88207],{},[20,88211,88212],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88214,88215],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1404,88217,88219],{"id":88218},"buffering",[15,88220,88218],{},[20,88222,88223],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88225,88226],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[33,88228,88230],{"id":88229},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88232,88233],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1404,88235,88237],{"id":88236},"filenotfounderror",[15,88238,88239],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88241,88242],{},"This happens when:",[138,88244,88245,88248,88251],{},[141,88246,88247],{},"the file does not exist",[141,88249,88250],{},"the path is wrong",[141,88252,88253],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88255,318],{},[38,88257,88259],{"className":40,"code":88258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88260,88261,88304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88262,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88264,86695],{"class":2027},[47,88266,86698],{"class":102},[47,88268,106],{"class":61},[47,88270,633],{"class":632},[47,88272,88273],{"class":636},"missing.txt",[47,88275,633],{"class":632},[47,88277,69],{"class":61},[47,88279,644],{"class":632},[47,88281,60769],{"class":636},[47,88283,633],{"class":632},[47,88285,69],{"class":61},[47,88287,86720],{"class":278},[47,88289,58],{"class":57},[47,88291,633],{"class":632},[47,88293,86727],{"class":636},[47,88295,633],{"class":632},[47,88297,111],{"class":61},[47,88299,47626],{"class":2027},[47,88301,86737],{"class":86736},[47,88303,6657],{"class":61},[47,88305,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88307,8333],{"class":102},[47,88309,106],{"class":61},[47,88311,86843],{"class":86736},[47,88313,89],{"class":61},[47,88315,86753],{"class":92},[47,88317,1993],{"class":61},[20,88319,88320,88321,1233,88329,89],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[252,88322,88324,88325,88328],{"href":88323},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88326,88327],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[252,88330,88332],{"href":88331},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1404,88334,88336],{"id":88335},"permissionerror",[15,88337,88338],{},"PermissionError",[20,88340,88341],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88343,88344],{},"Example causes:",[138,88346,88347,88350,88353],{},[141,88348,88349],{},"the file is protected",[141,88351,88352],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[141,88354,88355],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88357,88358,88359],{},"Related page: ",[252,88360,88362,88363,88366],{"href":88361},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88364,88365],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1404,88368,88370],{"id":88369},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88371,88372],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88374,88375],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88377,318],{},[38,88379,88381],{"className":40,"code":88380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88382,88383,88426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88384,88385,88387,88389,88391,88393,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88386,86695],{"class":2027},[47,88388,86698],{"class":102},[47,88390,106],{"class":61},[47,88392,633],{"class":632},[47,88394,88395],{"class":636},"my_folder",[47,88397,633],{"class":632},[47,88399,69],{"class":61},[47,88401,644],{"class":632},[47,88403,60769],{"class":636},[47,88405,633],{"class":632},[47,88407,69],{"class":61},[47,88409,86720],{"class":278},[47,88411,58],{"class":57},[47,88413,633],{"class":632},[47,88415,86727],{"class":636},[47,88417,633],{"class":632},[47,88419,111],{"class":61},[47,88421,47626],{"class":2027},[47,88423,86737],{"class":86736},[47,88425,6657],{"class":61},[47,88427,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436,88438],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88429,8333],{"class":102},[47,88431,106],{"class":61},[47,88433,86843],{"class":86736},[47,88435,89],{"class":61},[47,88437,86753],{"class":92},[47,88439,1993],{"class":61},[20,88441,88358,88442],{},[252,88443,88445,88446,88449],{"href":88444},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88447,88448],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1404,88451,88453],{"id":88452},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88454,88455],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88457,88458,88459,89],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88460,86676],{},[20,88462,88358,88463],{},[252,88464,88466],{"href":88465},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[33,88468,88470],{"id":88469},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88472,88473,88474,88476],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88475,86676],{}," function.",[20,88478,88479],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[138,88481,88482,88485,88488,88494],{},[141,88483,88484],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[141,88486,88487],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[141,88489,88490,88491,88493],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88492,86676],{}," itself",[141,88495,88496,88497],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[252,88498,88500],{"href":88499},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[33,88502,1397],{"id":1396},[20,88504,88505,88506,136],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88507,86676],{},[138,88509,88510,88515,88521,88526,88529,88532],{},[141,88511,8681,88512,88514],{},[15,88513,86774],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[141,88516,88517,88518,88520],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88519,86975],{}," for text files",[141,88522,8681,88523,88525],{},[15,88524,87091],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[141,88527,88528],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[141,88530,88531],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[141,88533,88534],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88536,88537],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,88539,88541],{"className":40,"code":88540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88542,88543,88550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88544,88545,88547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88546,35356],{"class":2027},[47,88548,88549],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88551,88552,88554,88556,88558,88560,88563],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88553,103],{"class":102},[47,88555,106],{"class":61},[47,88557,42892],{"class":92},[47,88559,89],{"class":61},[47,88561,88562],{"class":92},"getcwd",[47,88564,1993],{"class":61},[20,88566,88567],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,88569,88571],{"className":40,"code":88570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88572,88573,88579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88574,88575,88577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88576,35356],{"class":2027},[47,88578,88549],{"class":53},[47,88580,88581,88583,88585,88587,88589,88592,88594,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88582,103],{"class":102},[47,88584,106],{"class":61},[47,88586,42892],{"class":92},[47,88588,89],{"class":61},[47,88590,88591],{"class":888},"path",[47,88593,89],{"class":61},[47,88595,88596],{"class":92},"exists",[47,88598,106],{"class":61},[47,88600,633],{"class":632},[47,88602,86705],{"class":636},[47,88604,633],{"class":632},[47,88606,1978],{"class":61},[20,88608,88609],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,88611,88613],{"className":40,"code":88612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88614,88615,88621],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88616,88617,88619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88618,35356],{"class":2027},[47,88620,88549],{"class":53},[47,88622,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631,88633,88635,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88624,103],{"class":102},[47,88626,106],{"class":61},[47,88628,42892],{"class":92},[47,88630,89],{"class":61},[47,88632,88591],{"class":888},[47,88634,89],{"class":61},[47,88636,88637],{"class":92},"isfile",[47,88639,106],{"class":61},[47,88641,633],{"class":632},[47,88643,86705],{"class":636},[47,88645,633],{"class":632},[47,88647,1978],{"class":61},[20,88649,88650],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,88652,88654],{"className":40,"code":88653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88655,88656,88698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88657,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88659,86695],{"class":2027},[47,88661,86698],{"class":102},[47,88663,106],{"class":61},[47,88665,633],{"class":632},[47,88667,86705],{"class":636},[47,88669,633],{"class":632},[47,88671,69],{"class":61},[47,88673,644],{"class":632},[47,88675,60769],{"class":636},[47,88677,633],{"class":632},[47,88679,69],{"class":61},[47,88681,86720],{"class":278},[47,88683,58],{"class":57},[47,88685,633],{"class":632},[47,88687,86727],{"class":636},[47,88689,633],{"class":632},[47,88691,111],{"class":61},[47,88693,47626],{"class":2027},[47,88695,86737],{"class":86736},[47,88697,6657],{"class":61},[47,88699,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88701,8333],{"class":102},[47,88703,106],{"class":61},[47,88705,86843],{"class":86736},[47,88707,89],{"class":61},[47,88709,86753],{"class":92},[47,88711,1993],{"class":61},[20,88713,88714],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[33,88716,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,88718,88720],{"id":88719},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88722,88723],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1404,88725,88727],{"id":88726},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88729,88730,88731,88733],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88732,86695],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1404,88735,2094,88737,1233,88739,88741],{"id":88736},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88738,87091],{},[15,88740,18361],{}," mode?",[20,88743,88744,88746,88747,88749],{},[15,88745,87091],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88748,18361],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1404,88751,88753],{"id":88752},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88755,88756],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1404,88758,88760],{"id":88759},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88762,88763,88764,88766],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88765,87071],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[33,88768,2187],{"id":2186},[138,88770,88771,88775,88779,88783,88787,88791,88795,88801],{},[141,88772,88773],{},[252,88774,87904],{"href":87903},[141,88776,88777],{},[252,88778,88109],{"href":88108},[141,88780,88781],{},[252,88782,88113],{"href":88112},[141,88784,88785],{},[252,88786,87908],{"href":87907},[141,88788,88789],{},[252,88790,88500],{"href":88499},[141,88792,88793],{},[252,88794,88332],{"href":88331},[141,88796,88797],{},[252,88798,88324,88799,88328],{"href":88323},[47,88800,88327],{},[141,88802,88803],{},[252,88804,88362,88805,88366],{"href":88361},[47,88806,88365],{},[2210,88808,88809],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":88811},[88812,88813,88814,88815,88816,88817,88818,88823,88824,88829,88835,88836,88837,88845],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":86778,"depth":83,"text":86779},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":87075,"depth":83,"text":87076},{"id":87339,"depth":83,"text":87340},{"id":87463,"depth":83,"text":87464},{"id":87646,"depth":83,"text":87647,"children":88819},[88820,88821,88822],{"id":87656,"depth":99,"text":87657},{"id":87735,"depth":99,"text":87736},{"id":87818,"depth":99,"text":87819},{"id":87911,"depth":83,"text":87912},{"id":88116,"depth":83,"text":88117,"children":88825},[88826,88827,88828],{"id":88123,"depth":99,"text":87071},{"id":88207,"depth":99,"text":88207},{"id":88218,"depth":99,"text":88218},{"id":88229,"depth":83,"text":88230,"children":88830},[88831,88832,88833,88834],{"id":88236,"depth":99,"text":88239},{"id":88335,"depth":99,"text":88338},{"id":88369,"depth":99,"text":88372},{"id":88452,"depth":99,"text":88455},{"id":88469,"depth":83,"text":88470},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":88838},[88839,88840,88841,88843,88844],{"id":88719,"depth":99,"text":88720},{"id":88726,"depth":99,"text":88727},{"id":88736,"depth":99,"text":88842},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88752,"depth":99,"text":88753},{"id":88759,"depth":99,"text":88760},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86666,"description":88846},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88853,"title":88854,"body":88855,"description":90850,"extension":2248,"meta":90851,"navigation":203,"path":90852,"seo":90853,"stem":90854,"__hash__":90855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88856,"toc":90797},[88857,88862,88867,88873,88875,88943,88945,88964,88969,88974,88979,88982,88994,88996,89039,89041,89059,89070,89072,89074,89099,89101,89112,89114,89174,89176,89202,89205,89209,89214,89218,89221,89255,89259,89262,89287,89291,89314,89318,89351,89356,89360,89365,89368,89436,89438,89462,89467,89470,89501,89503,89535,89552,89556,89561,89585,89592,89597,89602,89605,89609,89644,89646,89655,89659,89750,89752,89783,89788,89795,89800,89809,89812,89846,89848,89862,89866,89907,89909,89918,89922,89970,89972,89986,89991,90002,90009,90015,90017,90052,90054,90068,90071,90093,90099,90128,90139,90145,90151,90165,90167,90246,90248,90298,90305,90307,90312,90316,90319,90334,90339,90341,90360,90366,90369,90384,90386,90404,90410,90415,90445,90448,90471,90474,90501,90508,90514,90522,90545,90550,90558,90560,90580,90584,90590,90640,90643,90665,90667,90673,90681,90687,90693,90701,90706,90710,90713,90736,90741,90748,90760,90762,90794],[10,88858,1386,88860,3855],{"id":88859},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88861,46720],{},[20,88863,32584,88864,88866],{},[15,88865,46720],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88868,88869,88870,88872],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88871,46720],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[33,88874,36],{"id":35},[38,88876,88878],{"className":40,"code":88877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88879,88880,88892,88901,88905,88915,88925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88881,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88883,8140],{"class":53},[47,88885,58],{"class":57},[47,88887,644],{"class":632},[47,88889,8185],{"class":636},[47,88891,1609],{"class":632},[47,88893,88894,88896,88898],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88895,21894],{"class":53},[47,88897,58],{"class":57},[47,88899,88900],{"class":65}," 12\n",[47,88902,88903],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,88904,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,88906,88907,88909,88911,88913],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,88908,103],{"class":102},[47,88910,106],{"class":61},[47,88912,7932],{"class":92},[47,88914,216],{"class":61},[47,88916,88917,88919,88921,88923],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,88918,103],{"class":102},[47,88920,106],{"class":61},[47,88922,9563],{"class":92},[47,88924,216],{"class":61},[47,88926,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937,88939,88941],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,88928,103],{"class":102},[47,88930,106],{"class":61},[47,88932,633],{"class":632},[47,88934,35132],{"class":636},[47,88936,633],{"class":632},[47,88938,69],{"class":61},[47,88940,36258],{"class":92},[47,88942,216],{"class":61},[20,88944,219],{},[38,88946,88948],{"className":40,"code":88947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88949,88950,88955,88959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88951,88952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88953,88954],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,88956,88957],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,88958,2508],{"class":65},[47,88960,88961],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,88962,88963],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88965,118,88966,88968],{},[15,88967,46720],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[33,88970,128,88972,131],{"id":88971},"what-print-does",[15,88973,46720],{},[20,88975,88976,88978],{},[15,88977,46720],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88980,88981],{},"You can use it to display:",[138,88983,88984,88986,88988,88991],{},[141,88985,1614],{},[141,88987,86],{},[141,88989,88990],{},"variables",[141,88992,88993],{},"expressions",[20,88995,318],{},[38,88997,88999],{"className":40,"code":88998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89000,89001,89015,89025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89002,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011,89013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89004,103],{"class":102},[47,89006,106],{"class":61},[47,89008,633],{"class":632},[47,89010,35132],{"class":636},[47,89012,633],{"class":632},[47,89014,216],{"class":61},[47,89016,89017,89019,89021,89023],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89018,103],{"class":102},[47,89020,106],{"class":61},[47,89022,173],{"class":65},[47,89024,216],{"class":61},[47,89026,89027,89029,89031,89033,89035,89037],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,89028,103],{"class":102},[47,89030,106],{"class":61},[47,89032,2340],{"class":65},[47,89034,2735],{"class":57},[47,89036,442],{"class":65},[47,89038,216],{"class":61},[20,89040,219],{},[38,89042,89044],{"className":40,"code":89043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89045,89046,89051,89055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89047,89048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89049,89050],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,89052,89053],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89054,3227],{"class":65},[47,89056,89057],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,89058,3227],{"class":65},[20,89060,89061,89062,89064,89065,89069],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89063,46720],{}," ",[4015,89066,3963,89067],{},[15,89068,124],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[33,89071,259],{"id":258},[20,89073,30991],{},[38,89075,89077],{"className":40,"code":89076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89078,89079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89080,89081,89083,89085,89088,89090,89093,89095,89097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89082,103],{"class":102},[47,89084,106],{"class":61},[47,89086,89087],{"class":92},"object1",[47,89089,69],{"class":61},[47,89091,89092],{"class":92}," object2",[47,89094,69],{"class":61},[47,89096,34721],{"class":102},[47,89098,216],{"class":61},[20,89100,80304],{},[138,89102,89103,89106,89109],{},[141,89104,89105],{},"one value",[141,89107,89108],{},"many values",[141,89110,89111],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89113,318],{},[38,89115,89117],{"className":40,"code":89116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89118,89119,89133,89152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89120,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89122,103],{"class":102},[47,89124,106],{"class":61},[47,89126,633],{"class":632},[47,89128,751],{"class":636},[47,89130,633],{"class":632},[47,89132,216],{"class":61},[47,89134,89135,89137,89139,89141,89144,89146,89148,89150],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89136,103],{"class":102},[47,89138,106],{"class":61},[47,89140,633],{"class":632},[47,89142,89143],{"class":636},"Score:",[47,89145,633],{"class":632},[47,89147,69],{"class":61},[47,89149,503],{"class":65},[47,89151,216],{"class":61},[47,89153,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,89155,103],{"class":102},[47,89157,106],{"class":61},[47,89159,633],{"class":632},[47,89161,45831],{"class":636},[47,89163,633],{"class":632},[47,89165,69],{"class":61},[47,89167,402],{"class":65},[47,89169,2735],{"class":57},[47,89171,37908],{"class":65},[47,89173,216],{"class":61},[20,89175,219],{},[38,89177,89179],{"className":40,"code":89178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89180,89181,89185,89194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89182,89183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89184,85457],{"class":53},[47,89186,89187,89190,89192],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89188,89189],{"class":53},"Score",[47,89191,136],{"class":61},[47,89193,2867],{"class":65},[47,89195,89196,89198,89200],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,89197,45871],{"class":53},[47,89199,136],{"class":61},[47,89201,2867],{"class":65},[20,89203,89204],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[33,89206,89208],{"id":89207},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89210,89211,89212,89],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89213,46720],{},[1404,89215,89217],{"id":89216},"print-text","Print text",[20,89219,89220],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,89222,89224],{"className":40,"code":89223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89225,89226,89240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89227,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89229,103],{"class":102},[47,89231,106],{"class":61},[47,89233,633],{"class":632},[47,89235,35132],{"class":636},[47,89237,633],{"class":632},[47,89239,216],{"class":61},[47,89241,89242,89244,89246,89248,89251,89253],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89243,103],{"class":102},[47,89245,106],{"class":61},[47,89247,633],{"class":632},[47,89249,89250],{"class":636},"Python is fun",[47,89252,633],{"class":632},[47,89254,216],{"class":61},[1404,89256,89258],{"id":89257},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89260,89261],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,89263,89265],{"className":40,"code":89264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89266,89267,89277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89268,89269,89271,89273,89275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89270,103],{"class":102},[47,89272,106],{"class":61},[47,89274,173],{"class":65},[47,89276,216],{"class":61},[47,89278,89279,89281,89283,89285],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89280,103],{"class":102},[47,89282,106],{"class":61},[47,89284,40408],{"class":65},[47,89286,216],{"class":61},[1404,89288,89290],{"id":89289},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,89292,89294],{"className":40,"code":89293,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89295,89296,89304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89297,89298,89300,89302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89299,5361],{"class":53},[47,89301,58],{"class":57},[47,89303,14395],{"class":65},[47,89305,89306,89308,89310,89312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89307,103],{"class":102},[47,89309,106],{"class":61},[47,89311,85621],{"class":92},[47,89313,216],{"class":61},[1404,89315,89317],{"id":89316},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,89319,89321],{"className":40,"code":89320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89322,89323,89337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333,89335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89326,103],{"class":102},[47,89328,106],{"class":61},[47,89330,2340],{"class":65},[47,89332,2735],{"class":57},[47,89334,442],{"class":65},[47,89336,216],{"class":61},[47,89338,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89340,103],{"class":102},[47,89342,106],{"class":61},[47,89344,437],{"class":65},[47,89346,82933],{"class":57},[47,89348,402],{"class":65},[47,89350,216],{"class":61},[20,89352,89353,89354,89],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[252,89355,51246],{"href":51245},[33,89357,89359],{"id":89358},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89361,89362,89364],{},[15,89363,46720],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89366,89367],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,89369,89371],{"className":40,"code":89370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89372,89373,89386,89394,89398,89417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89374,89375,89377,89379,89381,89384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89376,8140],{"class":53},[47,89378,58],{"class":57},[47,89380,644],{"class":632},[47,89382,89383],{"class":636},"Ava",[47,89385,1609],{"class":632},[47,89387,89388,89390,89392],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89389,21894],{"class":53},[47,89391,58],{"class":57},[47,89393,2867],{"class":65},[47,89395,89396],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,89397,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,89399,89400,89402,89404,89406,89409,89411,89413,89415],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,89401,103],{"class":102},[47,89403,106],{"class":61},[47,89405,633],{"class":632},[47,89407,89408],{"class":636},"Name:",[47,89410,633],{"class":632},[47,89412,69],{"class":61},[47,89414,36258],{"class":92},[47,89416,216],{"class":61},[47,89418,89419,89421,89423,89425,89428,89430,89432,89434],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,89420,103],{"class":102},[47,89422,106],{"class":61},[47,89424,633],{"class":632},[47,89426,89427],{"class":636},"Age:",[47,89429,633],{"class":632},[47,89431,69],{"class":61},[47,89433,9452],{"class":92},[47,89435,216],{"class":61},[20,89437,219],{},[38,89439,89441],{"className":40,"code":89440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89442,89443,89453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89444,89445,89448,89450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89446,89447],{"class":53},"Name",[47,89449,136],{"class":61},[47,89451,89452],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,89454,89455,89458,89460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89456,89457],{"class":53},"Age",[47,89459,136],{"class":61},[47,89461,2867],{"class":65},[20,89463,89464,89465,89],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89466,2343],{},[20,89468,89469],{},"For example, this works:",[38,89471,89473],{"className":40,"code":89472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89474,89475,89483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89476,89477,89479,89481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89478,21894],{"class":53},[47,89480,58],{"class":57},[47,89482,2867],{"class":65},[47,89484,89485,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89486,103],{"class":102},[47,89488,106],{"class":61},[47,89490,633],{"class":632},[47,89492,89427],{"class":636},[47,89494,633],{"class":632},[47,89496,69],{"class":61},[47,89498,9452],{"class":92},[47,89500,216],{"class":61},[20,89502,37190],{},[38,89504,89506],{"className":40,"code":89505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89507,89508,89516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89509,89510,89512,89514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89511,21894],{"class":53},[47,89513,58],{"class":57},[47,89515,2867],{"class":65},[47,89517,89518,89520,89522,89524,89527,89529,89531,89533],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89519,103],{"class":102},[47,89521,106],{"class":61},[47,89523,633],{"class":632},[47,89525,89526],{"class":636},"Age: ",[47,89528,633],{"class":632},[47,89530,2735],{"class":57},[47,89532,9452],{"class":92},[47,89534,216],{"class":61},[20,89536,89537,89538,89541,89542,89544,89545,89547,89548,89],{},"That fails because ",[15,89539,89540],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89543,9563],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89546,2343],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[252,89549,89550],{"href":42441},[15,89551,47952],{},[33,89553,89555],{"id":89554},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89557,89558,89560],{},[15,89559,46720],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[138,89562,89563,89569,89574,89579],{},[141,89564,89565,89568],{},[15,89566,89567],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[141,89570,89571,89573],{},[15,89572,52930],{}," controls what is added after the output",[141,89575,89576,89578],{},[15,89577,86843],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[141,89580,89581,89584],{},[15,89582,89583],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89586,89587,89588,1233,89590,89],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89589,89567],{},[15,89591,52930],{},[33,89593,89595,953],{"id":89594},"sep-argument",[15,89596,89567],{},[20,89598,956,89599,89601],{},[15,89600,89567],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89603,89604],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1404,89606,89608],{"id":89607},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,89610,89612],{"className":40,"code":89611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89613,89614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89615,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89617,103],{"class":102},[47,89619,106],{"class":61},[47,89621,633],{"class":632},[47,89623,13356],{"class":636},[47,89625,633],{"class":632},[47,89627,69],{"class":61},[47,89629,644],{"class":632},[47,89631,17721],{"class":636},[47,89633,633],{"class":632},[47,89635,69],{"class":61},[47,89637,644],{"class":632},[47,89639,13373],{"class":636},[47,89641,633],{"class":632},[47,89643,216],{"class":61},[20,89645,219],{},[38,89647,89649],{"className":40,"code":89648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,89650,89651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89652,89653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89654,89648],{"class":53},[1404,89656,89658],{"id":89657},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,89660,89662],{"className":40,"code":89661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89663,89664,89707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89665,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89667,103],{"class":102},[47,89669,106],{"class":61},[47,89671,633],{"class":632},[47,89673,13356],{"class":636},[47,89675,633],{"class":632},[47,89677,69],{"class":61},[47,89679,644],{"class":632},[47,89681,17721],{"class":636},[47,89683,633],{"class":632},[47,89685,69],{"class":61},[47,89687,644],{"class":632},[47,89689,13373],{"class":636},[47,89691,633],{"class":632},[47,89693,69],{"class":61},[47,89695,89696],{"class":278}," sep",[47,89698,58],{"class":57},[47,89700,633],{"class":632},[47,89702,69],{"class":636},[47,89704,633],{"class":632},[47,89706,216],{"class":61},[47,89708,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743,89746,89748],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89710,103],{"class":102},[47,89712,106],{"class":61},[47,89714,633],{"class":632},[47,89716,13356],{"class":636},[47,89718,633],{"class":632},[47,89720,69],{"class":61},[47,89722,644],{"class":632},[47,89724,17721],{"class":636},[47,89726,633],{"class":632},[47,89728,69],{"class":61},[47,89730,644],{"class":632},[47,89732,13373],{"class":636},[47,89734,633],{"class":632},[47,89736,69],{"class":61},[47,89738,89696],{"class":278},[47,89740,58],{"class":57},[47,89742,633],{"class":632},[47,89744,89745],{"class":636}," - ",[47,89747,633],{"class":632},[47,89749,216],{"class":61},[20,89751,219],{},[38,89753,89755],{"className":40,"code":89754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89756,89757,89769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89758,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89760,13356],{"class":53},[47,89762,69],{"class":61},[47,89764,17721],{"class":53},[47,89766,69],{"class":61},[47,89768,70240],{"class":53},[47,89770,89771,89774,89776,89779,89781],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89772,89773],{"class":53},"red ",[47,89775,2306],{"class":57},[47,89777,89778],{"class":53}," green ",[47,89780,2306],{"class":57},[47,89782,36147],{"class":53},[20,89784,89785,89787],{},[15,89786,89567],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89789,89790,89791,89],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[252,89792,89794],{"href":89793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[33,89796,89798,953],{"id":89797},"end-argument",[15,89799,52930],{},[20,89801,89802,89803,89805,89806,89808],{},"By default, ",[15,89804,46720],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89807,46720],{}," starts on a new line.",[1404,89810,89608],{"id":89811},"default-behavior-1",[38,89813,89815],{"className":40,"code":89814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89816,89817,89831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89818,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89820,103],{"class":102},[47,89822,106],{"class":61},[47,89824,633],{"class":632},[47,89826,35132],{"class":636},[47,89828,633],{"class":632},[47,89830,216],{"class":61},[47,89832,89833,89835,89837,89839,89842,89844],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89834,103],{"class":102},[47,89836,106],{"class":61},[47,89838,633],{"class":632},[47,89840,89841],{"class":636},"World",[47,89843,633],{"class":632},[47,89845,216],{"class":61},[20,89847,219],{},[38,89849,89851],{"className":40,"code":89850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89852,89853,89857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89854,89855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89856,89050],{"class":53},[47,89858,89859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89860,89861],{"class":53},"World\n",[1404,89863,89865],{"id":89864},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,89867,89869],{"className":40,"code":89868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89870,89871,89893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89872,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89874,103],{"class":102},[47,89876,106],{"class":61},[47,89878,633],{"class":632},[47,89880,35132],{"class":636},[47,89882,633],{"class":632},[47,89884,69],{"class":61},[47,89886,65300],{"class":278},[47,89888,58],{"class":57},[47,89890,6536],{"class":632},[47,89892,216],{"class":61},[47,89894,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89896,103],{"class":102},[47,89898,106],{"class":61},[47,89900,633],{"class":632},[47,89902,89841],{"class":636},[47,89904,633],{"class":632},[47,89906,216],{"class":61},[20,89908,219],{},[38,89910,89912],{"className":40,"code":89911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89913,89914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89915,89916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89917,89911],{"class":53},[1404,89919,89921],{"id":89920},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,89923,89925],{"className":40,"code":89924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89926,89927,89956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89928,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89950,89952,89954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89930,103],{"class":102},[47,89932,106],{"class":61},[47,89934,633],{"class":632},[47,89936,35132],{"class":636},[47,89938,633],{"class":632},[47,89940,69],{"class":61},[47,89942,65300],{"class":278},[47,89944,58],{"class":57},[47,89946,633],{"class":632},[47,89948,89949],{"class":636},"!",[47,89951,87254],{"class":34720},[47,89953,633],{"class":632},[47,89955,216],{"class":61},[47,89957,89958,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89959,103],{"class":102},[47,89961,106],{"class":61},[47,89963,633],{"class":632},[47,89965,89841],{"class":636},[47,89967,633],{"class":632},[47,89969,216],{"class":61},[20,89971,219],{},[38,89973,89975],{"className":40,"code":89974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89976,89977,89982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89978,89979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89980,89981],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,89983,89984],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,89985,89861],{"class":53},[20,89987,956,89988,89990],{},[15,89989,52930],{}," argument is useful for:",[138,89992,89993,89996,89999],{},[141,89994,89995],{},"progress messages",[141,89997,89998],{},"inline output",[141,90000,90001],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[33,90003,90005,2057,90007],{"id":90004},"print-returns-none",[15,90006,46720],{},[15,90008,124],{},[20,90010,90011,90012,90014],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90013,46720],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90016,318],{},[38,90018,90020],{"className":40,"code":90019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90021,90022,90042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90023,90024,90026,90028,90031,90033,90035,90038,90040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90025,1442],{"class":53},[47,90027,58],{"class":57},[47,90029,90030],{"class":102}," print",[47,90032,106],{"class":61},[47,90034,633],{"class":632},[47,90036,90037],{"class":636},"Hi",[47,90039,633],{"class":632},[47,90041,216],{"class":61},[47,90043,90044,90046,90048,90050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90045,103],{"class":102},[47,90047,106],{"class":61},[47,90049,1466],{"class":92},[47,90051,216],{"class":61},[20,90053,219],{},[38,90055,90057],{"className":40,"code":90056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90058,90059,90064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90060,90061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90062,90063],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,90065,90066],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90067,1490],{"class":284},[20,90069,90070],{},"Why does this happen?",[138,90072,90073,90081,90086],{},[141,90074,90075,90078,90079],{},[15,90076,90077],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90080,90037],{},[141,90082,90083,90084],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90085,124],{},[141,90087,90088,90089,12183,90091],{},"so ",[15,90090,1466],{},[15,90092,124],{},[20,90094,90095,90096,90098],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90097,46720],{}," call.",[38,90100,90102],{"className":40,"code":90101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90103,90104,90117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90105,90106,90109,90111,90113,90115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90107,90108],{"class":53},"message ",[47,90110,58],{"class":57},[47,90112,644],{"class":632},[47,90114,90037],{"class":636},[47,90116,1609],{"class":632},[47,90118,90119,90121,90123,90126],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90120,103],{"class":102},[47,90122,106],{"class":61},[47,90124,90125],{"class":92},"message",[47,90127,216],{"class":61},[20,90129,90130,90131,90133,90134,90138],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90132,46720],{}," with functions like ",[252,90135,90136],{"href":8484},[15,90137,3238],{},", which do return a value.",[33,90140,90142,90143],{"id":90141},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90144,46720],{},[20,90146,90147,90148,90150],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90149,46720],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[138,90152,90153,90156,90159,90162],{},[141,90154,90155],{},"to display results to the user",[141,90157,90158],{},"to show messages in a script",[141,90160,90161],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[141,90163,90164],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90166,318],{},[38,90168,90170],{"className":40,"code":90169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90171,90172,90180,90184,90204,90215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90173,90174,90176,90178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90175,41448],{"class":53},[47,90177,58],{"class":57},[47,90179,38777],{"class":65},[47,90181,90182],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90183,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,90185,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,90187,6224],{"class":2027},[47,90189,6650],{"class":53},[47,90191,2034],{"class":2027},[47,90193,54340],{"class":102},[47,90195,106],{"class":61},[47,90197,232],{"class":65},[47,90199,69],{"class":61},[47,90201,402],{"class":65},[47,90203,8606],{"class":61},[47,90205,90206,90209,90212],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,90207,90208],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,90210,90211],{"class":57},"+=",[47,90213,90214],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,90216,90217,90219,90221,90223,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,90218,8333],{"class":102},[47,90220,106],{"class":61},[47,90222,633],{"class":632},[47,90224,90225],{"class":636},"Current number:",[47,90227,633],{"class":632},[47,90229,69],{"class":61},[47,90231,2480],{"class":92},[47,90233,69],{"class":61},[47,90235,644],{"class":632},[47,90237,45831],{"class":636},[47,90239,633],{"class":632},[47,90241,69],{"class":61},[47,90243,45838],{"class":92},[47,90245,216],{"class":61},[20,90247,219],{},[38,90249,90251],{"className":40,"code":90250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90252,90253,90269,90283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90254,90255,90258,90260,90262,90265,90267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90256,90257],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,90259,136],{"class":61},[47,90261,72],{"class":65},[47,90263,90264],{"class":53}," Total",[47,90266,136],{"class":61},[47,90268,29880],{"class":65},[47,90270,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279,90281],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90272,90257],{"class":53},[47,90274,136],{"class":61},[47,90276,77],{"class":65},[47,90278,90264],{"class":53},[47,90280,136],{"class":61},[47,90282,2857],{"class":65},[47,90284,90285,90287,90289,90291,90293,90295],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,90286,90257],{"class":53},[47,90288,136],{"class":61},[47,90290,442],{"class":65},[47,90292,90264],{"class":53},[47,90294,136],{"class":61},[47,90296,90297],{"class":65}," 6\n",[20,90299,90300,90301,89],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[252,90302,90304],{"href":90303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[33,90306,1397],{"id":1396},[20,90308,90309,90310,89],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90311,46720],{},[1404,90313,90315],{"id":90314},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90317,90318],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,90320,90322],{"className":40,"code":90321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90323,90324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90325,90326,90328,90330,90332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90327,103],{"class":102},[47,90329,106],{"class":61},[47,90331,35132],{"class":92},[47,90333,216],{"class":61},[20,90335,9139,90336,90338],{},[15,90337,35132],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90340,11073],{},[38,90342,90344],{"className":40,"code":90343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90345,90346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90347,90348,90350,90352,90354,90356,90358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90349,103],{"class":102},[47,90351,106],{"class":61},[47,90353,633],{"class":632},[47,90355,35132],{"class":636},[47,90357,633],{"class":632},[47,90359,216],{"class":61},[1404,90361,8681,90363,90365],{"id":90362},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90364,103],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90367,90368],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,90370,90372],{"className":40,"code":90371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90373,90374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90375,90376,90378,90380,90382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90377,103],{"class":102},[47,90379,644],{"class":632},[47,90381,35132],{"class":636},[47,90383,1609],{"class":632},[20,90385,11073],{},[38,90387,90388],{"className":40,"code":90343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90389,90390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90391,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90393,103],{"class":102},[47,90395,106],{"class":61},[47,90397,633],{"class":632},[47,90399,35132],{"class":636},[47,90401,633],{"class":632},[47,90403,216],{"class":61},[1404,90405,90407,90408],{"id":90406},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90409,2343],{},[20,90411,90412,90413,89],{},"This causes a ",[15,90414,1574],{},[38,90416,90417],{"className":40,"code":89505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90418,90419,90427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90420,90421,90423,90425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90422,21894],{"class":53},[47,90424,58],{"class":57},[47,90426,2867],{"class":65},[47,90428,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90430,103],{"class":102},[47,90432,106],{"class":61},[47,90434,633],{"class":632},[47,90436,89526],{"class":636},[47,90438,633],{"class":632},[47,90440,2735],{"class":57},[47,90442,9452],{"class":92},[47,90444,216],{"class":61},[20,90446,90447],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,90449,90451],{"className":40,"code":90450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90452,90453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90454,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90456,103],{"class":102},[47,90458,106],{"class":61},[47,90460,633],{"class":632},[47,90462,89427],{"class":636},[47,90464,633],{"class":632},[47,90466,69],{"class":61},[47,90468,9452],{"class":92},[47,90470,216],{"class":61},[20,90472,90473],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,90475,90477],{"className":40,"code":90476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90478,90479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90480,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495,90497,90499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90482,103],{"class":102},[47,90484,106],{"class":61},[47,90486,633],{"class":632},[47,90488,89526],{"class":636},[47,90490,633],{"class":632},[47,90492,2735],{"class":57},[47,90494,49173],{"class":882},[47,90496,106],{"class":61},[47,90498,9563],{"class":92},[47,90500,1978],{"class":61},[20,90502,90503,90504,89],{},"If you see this error, read ",[252,90505,90507],{"href":90506},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1404,90509,8717,90511,90513],{"id":90510},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90512,46720],{}," to return a value",[20,90515,90516,90517,35595,90520,136],{},"This does not store ",[15,90518,90519],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90521,1466],{},[38,90523,90525],{"className":40,"code":90524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90526,90527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90528,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90530,1442],{"class":53},[47,90532,58],{"class":57},[47,90534,90030],{"class":102},[47,90536,106],{"class":61},[47,90538,633],{"class":632},[47,90540,35132],{"class":636},[47,90542,633],{"class":632},[47,90544,216],{"class":61},[20,90546,90547,90548,89],{},"It stores ",[15,90549,124],{},[1404,90551,90553,90554,1233,90556],{"id":90552},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90555,89567],{},[15,90557,52930],{},[20,90559,85913],{},[138,90561,90562,90571],{},[141,90563,90564,90566,90567,90570],{},[15,90565,89567],{}," changes what goes ",[4015,90568,90569],{},"between"," multiple values",[141,90572,90573,90575,90576,90579],{},[15,90574,52930],{}," changes what appears ",[4015,90577,90578],{},"after"," the output",[33,90581,90583],{"id":90582},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90585,90586,90587,90589],{},"These simple ",[15,90588,46720],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,90591,90593],{"className":40,"code":90592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90594,90595,90615,90630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90596,90597,90599,90601,90603,90606,90608,90610,90613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90598,103],{"class":102},[47,90600,106],{"class":61},[47,90602,633],{"class":632},[47,90604,90605],{"class":636},"Debug:",[47,90607,633],{"class":632},[47,90609,69],{"class":61},[47,90611,90612],{"class":92}," variable_name",[47,90614,216],{"class":61},[47,90616,90617,90619,90621,90623,90625,90628],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90618,103],{"class":102},[47,90620,106],{"class":61},[47,90622,1971],{"class":882},[47,90624,106],{"class":61},[47,90626,90627],{"class":92},"variable_name",[47,90629,1978],{"class":61},[47,90631,90632,90634,90636,90638],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,90633,32419],{"class":102},[47,90635,106],{"class":61},[47,90637,103],{"class":102},[47,90639,216],{"class":61},[20,90641,90642],{},"What they do:",[138,90644,90645,90651,90657],{},[141,90646,90647,90650],{},[15,90648,90649],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[141,90652,90653,90656],{},[15,90654,90655],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[141,90658,90659,90662,90663],{},[15,90660,90661],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90664,46720],{},[33,90666,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,90668,2082,90670,90672],{"id":90669},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90671,46720],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90674,90675,90676,90678,90679,36885],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90677,46720],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90680,52930],{},[1404,90682,5436,90684,90686],{"id":90683},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90685,46720],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90688,90689,90690,90692],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90691,46720],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1404,90694,5424,90696,5427,90699,2099],{"id":90695},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90697,90698],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90700,124],{},[20,90702,29326,90703,90705],{},[15,90704,46720],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1404,90707,90709],{"id":90708},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90711,90712],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,90714,90716],{"className":40,"code":90715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90717,90718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90719,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90721,103],{"class":102},[47,90723,106],{"class":61},[47,90725,633],{"class":632},[47,90727,89427],{"class":636},[47,90729,633],{"class":632},[47,90731,69],{"class":61},[47,90733,503],{"class":65},[47,90735,216],{"class":61},[20,90737,90738,90739,40194],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90740,47952],{},[1404,90742,2094,90744,1233,90746,2099],{"id":90743},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90745,89567],{},[15,90747,52930],{},[138,90749,90750,90755],{},[141,90751,90752,90754],{},[15,90753,89567],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[141,90756,90757,90759],{},[15,90758,52930],{}," changes what appears after the output",[33,90761,2187],{"id":2186},[138,90763,90764,90768,90774,90780,90785,90790],{},[141,90765,90766],{},[252,90767,51246],{"href":51245},[141,90769,90770],{},[252,90771,1386,90772,3785],{"href":8484},[15,90773,3238],{},[141,90775,90776],{},[252,90777,1386,90778,3785],{"href":42441},[15,90779,47952],{},[141,90781,90782],{},[252,90783,90784],{"href":89793},"How to format strings in Python",[141,90786,90787],{},[252,90788,90789],{"href":90303},"How to debug Python code",[141,90791,90792],{},[252,90793,90507],{"href":90506},[2210,90795,90796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":90798},[90799,90800,90802,90803,90809,90810,90811,90816,90822,90824,90826,90837,90838,90849],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":88971,"depth":83,"text":90801},"What print() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":89207,"depth":83,"text":89208,"children":90804},[90805,90806,90807,90808],{"id":89216,"depth":99,"text":89217},{"id":89257,"depth":99,"text":89258},{"id":89289,"depth":99,"text":89290},{"id":89316,"depth":99,"text":89317},{"id":89358,"depth":83,"text":89359},{"id":89554,"depth":83,"text":89555},{"id":89594,"depth":83,"text":90812,"children":90813},"sep argument",[90814,90815],{"id":89607,"depth":99,"text":89608},{"id":89657,"depth":99,"text":89658},{"id":89797,"depth":83,"text":90817,"children":90818},"end argument",[90819,90820,90821],{"id":89811,"depth":99,"text":89608},{"id":89864,"depth":99,"text":89865},{"id":89920,"depth":99,"text":89921},{"id":90004,"depth":83,"text":90823},"print() returns None",{"id":90141,"depth":83,"text":90825},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":90827},[90828,90829,90831,90833,90835],{"id":90314,"depth":99,"text":90315},{"id":90362,"depth":99,"text":90830},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90406,"depth":99,"text":90832},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90510,"depth":99,"text":90834},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90552,"depth":99,"text":90836},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90582,"depth":83,"text":90583},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":90839},[90840,90842,90844,90846,90847],{"id":90669,"depth":99,"text":90841},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90683,"depth":99,"text":90843},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90695,"depth":99,"text":90845},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90708,"depth":99,"text":90709},{"id":90743,"depth":99,"text":90848},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88854,"description":90850},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90857,"title":90858,"body":90859,"description":93163,"extension":2248,"meta":93164,"navigation":203,"path":93165,"seo":93166,"stem":93167,"__hash__":93168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90860,"toc":93109},[90861,90866,90871,90884,90886,90951,90962,90967,90972,90974,90997,91000,91031,91033,91050,91055,91061,91066,91115,91118,91135,91141,91146,91169,91171,91199,91205,91213,91240,91242,91267,91273,91276,91307,91309,91338,91342,91345,91350,91372,91374,91402,91408,91414,91440,91442,91466,91472,91478,91508,91510,91538,91548,91552,91558,91591,91593,91622,91625,91628,91661,91663,91671,91677,91679,91702,91707,91716,91721,91735,91737,91777,91779,91809,91813,91848,91854,91858,91902,91904,91934,91940,91943,92022,92024,92046,92054,92057,92120,92128,92203,92209,92216,92221,92226,92249,92251,92272,92274,92287,92289,92336,92338,92377,92386,92388,92392,92396,92399,92426,92429,92458,92461,92485,92488,92496,92502,92524,92526,92554,92558,92563,92618,92623,92625,92682,92689,92698,92701,92733,92735,92743,92746,92752,92754,92777,92780,92786,92789,92808,92810,92829,92832,92854,92856,92884,92888,92892,92997,92999,93012,93014,93020,93023,93031,93036,93042,93048,93053,93061,93067,93074,93076,93106],[10,90862,1386,90864,3855],{"id":90863},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90865,36463],{},[20,90867,32584,90868,90870],{},[15,90869,36463],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90872,90873,90874,90876,90877,90879,90880,90883],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90875,6224],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90878,36463],{}," stops ",[4015,90881,90882],{},"before"," the end value.",[33,90885,36],{"id":35},[38,90887,90889],{"className":40,"code":90888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90890,90891,90907,90917,90921,90926,90931,90936,90941,90946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90892,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90894,6224],{"class":2027},[47,90896,69807],{"class":53},[47,90898,2034],{"class":2027},[47,90900,54340],{"class":102},[47,90902,106],{"class":61},[47,90904,173],{"class":65},[47,90906,8606],{"class":61},[47,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,90910,8333],{"class":102},[47,90912,106],{"class":61},[47,90914,36419],{"class":92},[47,90916,216],{"class":61},[47,90918,90919],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,90920,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,90922,90923],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,90924,90925],{"class":114},"# Output:\n",[47,90927,90928],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,90929,90930],{"class":114},"# 0\n",[47,90932,90933],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,90934,90935],{"class":114},"# 1\n",[47,90937,90938],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,90939,90940],{"class":114},"# 2\n",[47,90942,90943],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,90944,90945],{"class":114},"# 3\n",[47,90947,90948],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,90949,90950],{"class":114},"# 4\n",[20,90952,90953,90956,90957,90959,90960,89],{},[15,90954,90955],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90958,2403],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90961,173],{},[33,90963,128,90965,131],{"id":90964},"what-range-does",[15,90966,36463],{},[20,90968,90969,90971],{},[15,90970,36463],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90973,13315],{},[138,90975,90976,90981,90987,90992],{},[141,90977,90978,90980],{},[15,90979,36463],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[141,90982,90983,90984,90986],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90985,6224],{}," loops",[141,90988,90989,90990],{},"The stop value is ",[4015,90991,65329],{},[141,90993,17687,90994,90996],{},[15,90995,60264],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90998,90999],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,91001,91003],{"className":40,"code":91002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91004,91005,91021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91006,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91008,6224],{"class":2027},[47,91010,6650],{"class":53},[47,91012,2034],{"class":2027},[47,91014,54340],{"class":102},[47,91016,106],{"class":61},[47,91018,66],{"class":65},[47,91020,8606],{"class":61},[47,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91024,8333],{"class":102},[47,91026,106],{"class":61},[47,91028,2522],{"class":92},[47,91030,216],{"class":61},[20,91032,219],{},[38,91034,91036],{"className":40,"code":91035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91037,91038,91042,91046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91039,91040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91041,47520],{"class":65},[47,91043,91044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91045,47185],{"class":65},[47,91047,91048],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,91049,17321],{"class":65},[20,91051,91052,91053,89],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[252,91054,36295],{"href":36294},[33,91056,91058,91060],{"id":91057},"range-syntax",[15,91059,36463],{}," syntax",[20,91062,91063,91065],{},[15,91064,36463],{}," has three common forms:",[38,91067,91069],{"className":40,"code":91068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91070,91071,91081,91096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91072,91073,91075,91077,91079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91074,60264],{"class":102},[47,91076,106],{"class":61},[47,91078,75678],{"class":92},[47,91080,216],{"class":61},[47,91082,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91094],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91084,60264],{"class":102},[47,91086,106],{"class":61},[47,91088,36339],{"class":92},[47,91090,69],{"class":61},[47,91092,91093],{"class":92}," stop",[47,91095,216],{"class":61},[47,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91113],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,91099,60264],{"class":102},[47,91101,106],{"class":61},[47,91103,36339],{"class":92},[47,91105,69],{"class":61},[47,91107,91093],{"class":92},[47,91109,69],{"class":61},[47,91111,91112],{"class":92}," step",[47,91114,216],{"class":61},[20,91116,91117],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[138,91119,91120,91125,91130],{},[141,91121,91122,91124],{},[15,91123,36339],{}," = first number",[141,91126,91127,91129],{},[15,91128,75678],{}," = end limit, not included",[141,91131,91132,91134],{},[15,91133,75681],{}," = amount to move each time",[1404,91136,91138],{"id":91137},"rangestop",[15,91139,91140],{},"range(stop)",[20,91142,91143,91144,89],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91145,2403],{},[38,91147,91149],{"className":40,"code":91148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91150,91151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91152,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91154,103],{"class":102},[47,91156,106],{"class":61},[47,91158,8358],{"class":882},[47,91160,106],{"class":61},[47,91162,60264],{"class":102},[47,91164,106],{"class":61},[47,91166,173],{"class":65},[47,91168,3192],{"class":61},[20,91170,219],{},[38,91172,91173],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91174,91175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91176,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91178,229],{"class":61},[47,91180,2403],{"class":65},[47,91182,69],{"class":61},[47,91184,72],{"class":65},[47,91186,69],{"class":61},[47,91188,77],{"class":65},[47,91190,69],{"class":61},[47,91192,442],{"class":65},[47,91194,69],{"class":61},[47,91196,402],{"class":65},[47,91198,80],{"class":61},[1404,91200,91202],{"id":91201},"rangestart-stop",[15,91203,91204],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91206,91207,91208,91210,91211,89],{},"This starts at ",[15,91209,36339],{}," and stops before ",[15,91212,75678],{},[38,91214,91216],{"className":40,"code":91215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91217,91218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91219,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91221,103],{"class":102},[47,91223,106],{"class":61},[47,91225,8358],{"class":882},[47,91227,106],{"class":61},[47,91229,60264],{"class":102},[47,91231,106],{"class":61},[47,91233,2340],{"class":65},[47,91235,69],{"class":61},[47,91237,37908],{"class":65},[47,91239,3192],{"class":61},[20,91241,219],{},[38,91243,91245],{"className":40,"code":91244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91246,91247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91248,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91250,229],{"class":61},[47,91252,2340],{"class":65},[47,91254,69],{"class":61},[47,91256,442],{"class":65},[47,91258,69],{"class":61},[47,91260,402],{"class":65},[47,91262,69],{"class":61},[47,91264,241],{"class":65},[47,91266,80],{"class":61},[1404,91268,91270],{"id":91269},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91271,91272],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91274,91275],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,91277,91279],{"className":40,"code":91278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91280,91281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91282,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91284,103],{"class":102},[47,91286,106],{"class":61},[47,91288,8358],{"class":882},[47,91290,106],{"class":61},[47,91292,60264],{"class":102},[47,91294,106],{"class":61},[47,91296,232],{"class":65},[47,91298,69],{"class":61},[47,91300,503],{"class":65},[47,91302,69],{"class":61},[47,91304,77],{"class":65},[47,91306,3192],{"class":61},[20,91308,219],{},[38,91310,91312],{"className":40,"code":91311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91313,91314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91315,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91317,229],{"class":61},[47,91319,232],{"class":65},[47,91321,69],{"class":61},[47,91323,442],{"class":65},[47,91325,69],{"class":61},[47,91327,241],{"class":65},[47,91329,69],{"class":61},[47,91331,343],{"class":65},[47,91333,69],{"class":61},[47,91335,182],{"class":65},[47,91337,80],{"class":61},[33,91339,91341],{"id":91340},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91343,91344],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1404,91346,91348],{"id":91347},"range5",[15,91349,90955],{},[38,91351,91352],{"className":40,"code":91148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91353,91354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91355,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91357,103],{"class":102},[47,91359,106],{"class":61},[47,91361,8358],{"class":882},[47,91363,106],{"class":61},[47,91365,60264],{"class":102},[47,91367,106],{"class":61},[47,91369,173],{"class":65},[47,91371,3192],{"class":61},[20,91373,219],{},[38,91375,91376],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91377,91378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91379,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91381,229],{"class":61},[47,91383,2403],{"class":65},[47,91385,69],{"class":61},[47,91387,72],{"class":65},[47,91389,69],{"class":61},[47,91391,77],{"class":65},[47,91393,69],{"class":61},[47,91395,442],{"class":65},[47,91397,69],{"class":61},[47,91399,402],{"class":65},[47,91401,80],{"class":61},[20,91403,91207,91404,91210,91406,89],{},[15,91405,2403],{},[15,91407,173],{},[1404,91409,91411],{"id":91410},"range2-6",[15,91412,91413],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,91415,91416],{"className":40,"code":91215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91417,91418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91421,103],{"class":102},[47,91423,106],{"class":61},[47,91425,8358],{"class":882},[47,91427,106],{"class":61},[47,91429,60264],{"class":102},[47,91431,106],{"class":61},[47,91433,2340],{"class":65},[47,91435,69],{"class":61},[47,91437,37908],{"class":65},[47,91439,3192],{"class":61},[20,91441,219],{},[38,91443,91444],{"className":40,"code":91244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91445,91446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91447,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91449,229],{"class":61},[47,91451,2340],{"class":65},[47,91453,69],{"class":61},[47,91455,442],{"class":65},[47,91457,69],{"class":61},[47,91459,402],{"class":65},[47,91461,69],{"class":61},[47,91463,241],{"class":65},[47,91465,80],{"class":61},[20,91467,91207,91468,91210,91470,89],{},[15,91469,2340],{},[15,91471,80695],{},[1404,91473,91475],{"id":91474},"range1-10-2",[15,91476,91477],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,91479,91480],{"className":40,"code":91278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91481,91482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91483,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91485,103],{"class":102},[47,91487,106],{"class":61},[47,91489,8358],{"class":882},[47,91491,106],{"class":61},[47,91493,60264],{"class":102},[47,91495,106],{"class":61},[47,91497,232],{"class":65},[47,91499,69],{"class":61},[47,91501,503],{"class":65},[47,91503,69],{"class":61},[47,91505,77],{"class":65},[47,91507,3192],{"class":61},[20,91509,219],{},[38,91511,91512],{"className":40,"code":91311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91513,91514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91515,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91517,229],{"class":61},[47,91519,232],{"class":65},[47,91521,69],{"class":61},[47,91523,442],{"class":65},[47,91525,69],{"class":61},[47,91527,241],{"class":65},[47,91529,69],{"class":61},[47,91531,343],{"class":65},[47,91533,69],{"class":61},[47,91535,182],{"class":65},[47,91537,80],{"class":61},[20,91539,91540,91541,91543,91544,61563,91546,89],{},"This moves by ",[15,91542,2340],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91545,232],{},[15,91547,2427],{},[1404,91549,91551],{"id":91550},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91553,91554,91555,91557],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91556,36463],{}," count backward.",[38,91559,91561],{"className":40,"code":91560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91562,91563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91564,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587,91589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91566,103],{"class":102},[47,91568,106],{"class":61},[47,91570,8358],{"class":882},[47,91572,106],{"class":61},[47,91574,60264],{"class":102},[47,91576,106],{"class":61},[47,91578,173],{"class":65},[47,91580,69],{"class":61},[47,91582,4106],{"class":65},[47,91584,69],{"class":61},[47,91586,2505],{"class":57},[47,91588,232],{"class":65},[47,91590,3192],{"class":61},[20,91592,219],{},[38,91594,91596],{"className":40,"code":91595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91597,91598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91599,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91601,229],{"class":61},[47,91603,173],{"class":65},[47,91605,69],{"class":61},[47,91607,402],{"class":65},[47,91609,69],{"class":61},[47,91611,442],{"class":65},[47,91613,69],{"class":61},[47,91615,77],{"class":65},[47,91617,69],{"class":61},[47,91619,72],{"class":65},[47,91621,80],{"class":61},[20,91623,91624],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91626,91627],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,91629,91631],{"className":40,"code":91630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91632,91633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91634,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91636,103],{"class":102},[47,91638,106],{"class":61},[47,91640,8358],{"class":882},[47,91642,106],{"class":61},[47,91644,60264],{"class":102},[47,91646,106],{"class":61},[47,91648,232],{"class":65},[47,91650,69],{"class":61},[47,91652,241],{"class":65},[47,91654,69],{"class":61},[47,91656,2505],{"class":57},[47,91658,232],{"class":65},[47,91660,3192],{"class":61},[20,91662,219],{},[38,91664,91665],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91666,91667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91668,91669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91670,38562],{"class":61},[1404,91672,91673,76840,91675],{"id":77064},[15,91674,75681],{},[15,91676,2403],{},[20,91678,3116],{},[38,91680,91682],{"className":40,"code":91681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91683,91684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91685,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91687,60264],{"class":102},[47,91689,106],{"class":61},[47,91691,232],{"class":65},[47,91693,69],{"class":61},[47,91695,241],{"class":65},[47,91697,69],{"class":61},[47,91699,4106],{"class":65},[47,91701,216],{"class":61},[20,91703,77109,91704,91706],{},[15,91705,40969],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[33,91708,8681,91710,91712,91713,91715],{"id":91709},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91711,36463],{}," in a ",[15,91714,6224],{}," loop",[20,91717,91718,91720],{},[15,91719,36463],{}," is most useful when:",[138,91722,91723,91726,91729],{},[141,91724,91725],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[141,91727,91728],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[141,91730,91731,91732],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91733,91734],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91736,318],{},[38,91738,91740],{"className":40,"code":91739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91741,91742,91758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91743,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91745,6224],{"class":2027},[47,91747,69807],{"class":53},[47,91749,2034],{"class":2027},[47,91751,54340],{"class":102},[47,91753,106],{"class":61},[47,91755,66],{"class":65},[47,91757,8606],{"class":61},[47,91759,91760,91762,91764,91766,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91761,8333],{"class":102},[47,91763,106],{"class":61},[47,91765,633],{"class":632},[47,91767,91768],{"class":636},"Loop number:",[47,91770,633],{"class":632},[47,91772,69],{"class":61},[47,91774,36395],{"class":92},[47,91776,216],{"class":61},[20,91778,219],{},[38,91780,91782],{"className":40,"code":91781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91783,91784,91793,91801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91785,91786,91789,91791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91787,91788],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91790,136],{"class":61},[47,91792,38777],{"class":65},[47,91794,91795,91797,91799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91796,91788],{"class":53},[47,91798,136],{"class":61},[47,91800,29880],{"class":65},[47,91802,91803,91805,91807],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,91804,91788],{"class":53},[47,91806,136],{"class":61},[47,91808,45857],{"class":65},[1404,91810,91812],{"id":91811},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,91814,91816],{"className":40,"code":91815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91817,91818,91834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91819,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91821,6224],{"class":2027},[47,91823,69807],{"class":53},[47,91825,2034],{"class":2027},[47,91827,54340],{"class":102},[47,91829,106],{"class":61},[47,91831,173],{"class":65},[47,91833,8606],{"class":61},[47,91835,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91837,8333],{"class":102},[47,91839,106],{"class":61},[47,91841,633],{"class":632},[47,91843,35132],{"class":636},[47,91845,633],{"class":632},[47,91847,216],{"class":61},[20,91849,91850,91851,91853],{},"This prints ",[15,91852,90519],{}," five times.",[1404,91855,91857],{"id":91856},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,91859,91861],{"className":40,"code":91860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91862,91863,91883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91864,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91866,6224],{"class":2027},[47,91868,69807],{"class":53},[47,91870,2034],{"class":2027},[47,91872,54340],{"class":102},[47,91874,106],{"class":61},[47,91876,232],{"class":65},[47,91878,69],{"class":61},[47,91880,402],{"class":65},[47,91882,8606],{"class":61},[47,91884,91885,91887,91889,91891,91894,91896,91898,91900],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91886,8333],{"class":102},[47,91888,106],{"class":61},[47,91890,633],{"class":632},[47,91892,91893],{"class":636},"Current number is",[47,91895,633],{"class":632},[47,91897,69],{"class":61},[47,91899,36395],{"class":92},[47,91901,216],{"class":61},[20,91903,219],{},[38,91905,91907],{"className":40,"code":91906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91908,91909,91918,91926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91910,91911,91914,91916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91912,91913],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91915,12457],{"class":57},[47,91917,29880],{"class":65},[47,91919,91920,91922,91924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91921,91913],{"class":53},[47,91923,12457],{"class":57},[47,91925,45857],{"class":65},[47,91927,91928,91930,91932],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,91929,91913],{"class":53},[47,91931,12457],{"class":57},[47,91933,2857],{"class":65},[1404,91935,91937,91939],{"id":91936},"range-and-indexing",[15,91938,36463],{}," and indexing",[20,91941,91942],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,91944,91946],{"className":40,"code":91945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91947,91948,91980,91984,92004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91949,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91951,1536],{"class":53},[47,91953,58],{"class":57},[47,91955,62],{"class":61},[47,91957,633],{"class":632},[47,91959,252],{"class":636},[47,91961,633],{"class":632},[47,91963,69],{"class":61},[47,91965,644],{"class":632},[47,91967,5026],{"class":636},[47,91969,633],{"class":632},[47,91971,69],{"class":61},[47,91973,644],{"class":632},[47,91975,10004],{"class":636},[47,91977,633],{"class":632},[47,91979,80],{"class":61},[47,91981,91982],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,91983,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,91985,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,91987,6224],{"class":2027},[47,91989,69807],{"class":53},[47,91991,2034],{"class":2027},[47,91993,54340],{"class":102},[47,91995,106],{"class":61},[47,91997,969],{"class":102},[47,91999,106],{"class":61},[47,92001,1562],{"class":92},[47,92003,69822],{"class":61},[47,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92007,8333],{"class":102},[47,92009,106],{"class":61},[47,92011,36419],{"class":92},[47,92013,69],{"class":61},[47,92015,6231],{"class":92},[47,92017,229],{"class":61},[47,92019,36419],{"class":92},[47,92021,2040],{"class":61},[20,92023,219],{},[38,92025,92026],{"className":40,"code":36431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92027,92028,92034,92040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92029,92030,92032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92031,2403],{"class":65},[47,92033,36440],{"class":53},[47,92035,92036,92038],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92037,232],{"class":65},[47,92039,36447],{"class":53},[47,92041,92042,92044],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92043,2340],{"class":65},[47,92045,36454],{"class":53},[20,92047,92048,92049,92053],{},"This works, and it uses ",[252,92050,92051],{"href":42624},[15,92052,42627],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92055,92056],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,92058,92060],{"className":40,"code":92059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92061,92062,92094,92098,92110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92063,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92065,1536],{"class":53},[47,92067,58],{"class":57},[47,92069,62],{"class":61},[47,92071,633],{"class":632},[47,92073,252],{"class":636},[47,92075,633],{"class":632},[47,92077,69],{"class":61},[47,92079,644],{"class":632},[47,92081,5026],{"class":636},[47,92083,633],{"class":632},[47,92085,69],{"class":61},[47,92087,644],{"class":632},[47,92089,10004],{"class":636},[47,92091,633],{"class":632},[47,92093,80],{"class":61},[47,92095,92096],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92097,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,92099,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92101,6224],{"class":2027},[47,92103,2031],{"class":53},[47,92105,2034],{"class":2027},[47,92107,6231],{"class":53},[47,92109,6657],{"class":61},[47,92111,92112,92114,92116,92118],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92113,8333],{"class":102},[47,92115,106],{"class":61},[47,92117,2022],{"class":92},[47,92119,216],{"class":61},[20,92121,36858,92122,92127],{},[252,92123,92125],{"href":92124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92126,36015],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,92129,92131],{"className":40,"code":92130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92132,92133,92165,92169,92189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92134,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92136,1536],{"class":53},[47,92138,58],{"class":57},[47,92140,62],{"class":61},[47,92142,633],{"class":632},[47,92144,252],{"class":636},[47,92146,633],{"class":632},[47,92148,69],{"class":61},[47,92150,644],{"class":632},[47,92152,5026],{"class":636},[47,92154,633],{"class":632},[47,92156,69],{"class":61},[47,92158,644],{"class":632},[47,92160,10004],{"class":636},[47,92162,633],{"class":632},[47,92164,80],{"class":61},[47,92166,92167],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92168,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92172,6224],{"class":2027},[47,92174,36087],{"class":53},[47,92176,69],{"class":61},[47,92178,2031],{"class":53},[47,92180,2034],{"class":2027},[47,92182,36097],{"class":102},[47,92184,106],{"class":61},[47,92186,1562],{"class":92},[47,92188,8606],{"class":61},[47,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92192,8333],{"class":102},[47,92194,106],{"class":61},[47,92196,36112],{"class":92},[47,92198,69],{"class":61},[47,92200,29772],{"class":92},[47,92202,216],{"class":61},[20,92204,1382,92205,89],{},[252,92206,36871,92207,36874],{"href":36870},[15,92208,36015],{},[33,92210,92212,92213,92215],{"id":92211},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92214,36463],{}," to a list",[20,92217,92218,92220],{},[15,92219,36463],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92222,92223,92224,136],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92225,25045],{},[38,92227,92229],{"className":40,"code":92228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92230,92231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92232,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92234,103],{"class":102},[47,92236,106],{"class":61},[47,92238,8358],{"class":882},[47,92240,106],{"class":61},[47,92242,60264],{"class":102},[47,92244,106],{"class":61},[47,92246,66],{"class":65},[47,92248,3192],{"class":61},[20,92250,219],{},[38,92252,92254],{"className":40,"code":92253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92255,92256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92257,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92259,229],{"class":61},[47,92261,2403],{"class":65},[47,92263,69],{"class":61},[47,92265,72],{"class":65},[47,92267,69],{"class":61},[47,92269,77],{"class":65},[47,92271,80],{"class":61},[20,92273,33579],{},[138,92275,92276,92281,92284],{},[141,92277,92278,92279,42351],{},"learning how ",[15,92280,36463],{},[141,92282,92283],{},"checking your values",[141,92285,92286],{},"debugging code",[20,92288,5739],{},[38,92290,92292],{"className":40,"code":92291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92293,92294,92308,92312,92322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92295,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92297,54],{"class":53},[47,92299,58],{"class":57},[47,92301,54340],{"class":102},[47,92303,106],{"class":61},[47,92305,334],{"class":65},[47,92307,216],{"class":61},[47,92309,92310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92311,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,92313,92314,92316,92318,92320],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92315,103],{"class":102},[47,92317,106],{"class":61},[47,92319,86],{"class":92},[47,92321,216],{"class":61},[47,92323,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92325,103],{"class":102},[47,92327,106],{"class":61},[47,92329,8358],{"class":882},[47,92331,106],{"class":61},[47,92333,86],{"class":92},[47,92335,1978],{"class":61},[20,92337,219],{},[38,92339,92341],{"className":40,"code":92340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92342,92343,92357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92344,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92346,60264],{"class":102},[47,92348,106],{"class":61},[47,92350,2403],{"class":65},[47,92352,69],{"class":61},[47,92354,402],{"class":65},[47,92356,216],{"class":61},[47,92358,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92360,229],{"class":61},[47,92362,2403],{"class":65},[47,92364,69],{"class":61},[47,92366,72],{"class":65},[47,92368,69],{"class":61},[47,92370,77],{"class":65},[47,92372,69],{"class":61},[47,92374,442],{"class":65},[47,92376,80],{"class":61},[20,92378,92379,92380,1225,92382,92385],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92381,60264],{},[15,92383,92384],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[33,92387,4784],{"id":4783},[20,92389,33808,92390,89],{},[15,92391,36463],{},[1404,92393,92395],{"id":92394},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92397,92398],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,92400,92402],{"className":40,"code":92401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92403,92404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92405,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92407,103],{"class":102},[47,92409,106],{"class":61},[47,92411,8358],{"class":882},[47,92413,106],{"class":61},[47,92415,60264],{"class":102},[47,92417,106],{"class":61},[47,92419,232],{"class":65},[47,92421,69],{"class":61},[47,92423,241],{"class":65},[47,92425,3192],{"class":61},[20,92427,92428],{},"will produce:",[38,92430,92432],{"className":40,"code":92431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92433,92434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92435,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92437,229],{"class":61},[47,92439,232],{"class":65},[47,92441,69],{"class":61},[47,92443,77],{"class":65},[47,92445,69],{"class":61},[47,92447,442],{"class":65},[47,92449,69],{"class":61},[47,92451,402],{"class":65},[47,92453,69],{"class":61},[47,92455,241],{"class":65},[47,92457,80],{"class":61},[20,92459,92460],{},"But the real output is:",[38,92462,92463],{"className":40,"code":53775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92464,92465],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92466,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92468,229],{"class":61},[47,92470,232],{"class":65},[47,92472,69],{"class":61},[47,92474,77],{"class":65},[47,92476,69],{"class":61},[47,92478,442],{"class":65},[47,92480,69],{"class":61},[47,92482,402],{"class":65},[47,92484,80],{"class":61},[20,92486,92487],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1404,92489,4845,92491,92493,92494],{"id":92490},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92492,90955],{}," starts at ",[15,92495,232],{},[20,92497,37732,92498,19228,92500,89],{},[15,92499,2403],{},[15,92501,232],{},[38,92503,92504],{"className":40,"code":91148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92505,92506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92507,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92509,103],{"class":102},[47,92511,106],{"class":61},[47,92513,8358],{"class":882},[47,92515,106],{"class":61},[47,92517,60264],{"class":102},[47,92519,106],{"class":61},[47,92521,173],{"class":65},[47,92523,3192],{"class":61},[20,92525,219],{},[38,92527,92528],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92529,92530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92531,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92533,229],{"class":61},[47,92535,2403],{"class":65},[47,92537,69],{"class":61},[47,92539,72],{"class":65},[47,92541,69],{"class":61},[47,92543,77],{"class":65},[47,92545,69],{"class":61},[47,92547,442],{"class":65},[47,92549,69],{"class":61},[47,92551,402],{"class":65},[47,92553,80],{"class":61},[1404,92555,92557],{"id":92556},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92559,92560,92561,136],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92562,3238],{},[38,92564,92566],{"className":40,"code":92565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92567,92568,92587,92591,92608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92569,92570,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92571,92572],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92574,58],{"class":57},[47,92576,8507],{"class":102},[47,92578,106],{"class":61},[47,92580,633],{"class":632},[47,92582,42137],{"class":636},[47,92584,633],{"class":632},[47,92586,216],{"class":61},[47,92588,92589],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92590,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,92592,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92606],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92594,6224],{"class":2027},[47,92596,69807],{"class":53},[47,92598,2034],{"class":2027},[47,92600,54340],{"class":102},[47,92602,106],{"class":61},[47,92604,92605],{"class":92},"user_number",[47,92607,8606],{"class":61},[47,92609,92610,92612,92614,92616],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92611,8333],{"class":102},[47,92613,106],{"class":61},[47,92615,36419],{"class":92},[47,92617,216],{"class":61},[20,92619,48779,92620,92622],{},[15,92621,3238],{}," returns a string.",[20,92624,11073],{},[38,92626,92628],{"className":40,"code":92627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92629,92630,92652,92656,92672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92631,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92633,92572],{"class":53},[47,92635,58],{"class":57},[47,92637,45544],{"class":882},[47,92639,106],{"class":61},[47,92641,42729],{"class":102},[47,92643,106],{"class":61},[47,92645,633],{"class":632},[47,92647,42137],{"class":636},[47,92649,633],{"class":632},[47,92651,1978],{"class":61},[47,92653,92654],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92655,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,92657,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92659,6224],{"class":2027},[47,92661,69807],{"class":53},[47,92663,2034],{"class":2027},[47,92665,54340],{"class":102},[47,92667,106],{"class":61},[47,92669,92605],{"class":92},[47,92671,8606],{"class":61},[47,92673,92674,92676,92678,92680],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92675,8333],{"class":102},[47,92677,106],{"class":61},[47,92679,36419],{"class":92},[47,92681,216],{"class":61},[20,92683,92684,92685,89],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[252,92686,50793,92687],{"href":50792},[15,92688,50796],{},[1404,92690,92692,92693,92695,92696],{"id":92691},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92694,36339],{}," smaller than ",[15,92697,75678],{},[20,92699,92700],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,92702,92703],{"className":40,"code":91630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92704,92705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92706,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92708,103],{"class":102},[47,92710,106],{"class":61},[47,92712,8358],{"class":882},[47,92714,106],{"class":61},[47,92716,60264],{"class":102},[47,92718,106],{"class":61},[47,92720,232],{"class":65},[47,92722,69],{"class":61},[47,92724,241],{"class":65},[47,92726,69],{"class":61},[47,92728,2505],{"class":57},[47,92730,232],{"class":65},[47,92732,3192],{"class":61},[20,92734,219],{},[38,92736,92737],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92738,92739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92740,92741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92742,38562],{"class":61},[20,92744,92745],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1404,92747,25881,92749],{"id":92748},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92750,92751],{},"step = 0",[20,92753,77820],{},[38,92755,92757],{"className":40,"code":92756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92758,92759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92760,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92762,60264],{"class":102},[47,92764,106],{"class":61},[47,92766,232],{"class":65},[47,92768,69],{"class":61},[47,92770,503],{"class":65},[47,92772,69],{"class":61},[47,92774,4106],{"class":65},[47,92776,216],{"class":61},[20,92778,92779],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1404,92781,1579,92783,92785],{"id":92782},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92784,36463],{}," is not a list",[20,92787,92788],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,92790,92792],{"className":40,"code":92791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92793,92794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92795,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92797,103],{"class":102},[47,92799,106],{"class":61},[47,92801,60264],{"class":102},[47,92803,106],{"class":61},[47,92805,173],{"class":65},[47,92807,1978],{"class":61},[20,92809,219],{},[38,92811,92813],{"className":40,"code":92812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92814,92815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92816,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92818,60264],{"class":102},[47,92820,106],{"class":61},[47,92822,2403],{"class":65},[47,92824,69],{"class":61},[47,92826,241],{"class":65},[47,92828,216],{"class":61},[20,92830,92831],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,92833,92834],{"className":40,"code":91148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92835,92836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92837,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92839,103],{"class":102},[47,92841,106],{"class":61},[47,92843,8358],{"class":882},[47,92845,106],{"class":61},[47,92847,60264],{"class":102},[47,92849,106],{"class":61},[47,92851,173],{"class":65},[47,92853,3192],{"class":61},[20,92855,219],{},[38,92857,92858],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92859,92860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92861,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876,92878,92880,92882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92863,229],{"class":61},[47,92865,2403],{"class":65},[47,92867,69],{"class":61},[47,92869,72],{"class":65},[47,92871,69],{"class":61},[47,92873,77],{"class":65},[47,92875,69],{"class":61},[47,92877,442],{"class":65},[47,92879,69],{"class":61},[47,92881,402],{"class":65},[47,92883,80],{"class":61},[33,92885,92887],{"id":92886},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92889,9139,92890,82441],{},[15,92891,36463],{},[38,92893,92895],{"className":40,"code":92894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92896,92897,92911,92929,92951,92979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92900,103],{"class":102},[47,92902,106],{"class":61},[47,92904,60264],{"class":102},[47,92906,106],{"class":61},[47,92908,173],{"class":65},[47,92910,1978],{"class":61},[47,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,92914,103],{"class":102},[47,92916,106],{"class":61},[47,92918,8358],{"class":882},[47,92920,106],{"class":61},[47,92922,60264],{"class":102},[47,92924,106],{"class":61},[47,92926,173],{"class":65},[47,92928,3192],{"class":61},[47,92930,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,92932,103],{"class":102},[47,92934,106],{"class":61},[47,92936,8358],{"class":882},[47,92938,106],{"class":61},[47,92940,60264],{"class":102},[47,92942,106],{"class":61},[47,92944,2340],{"class":65},[47,92946,69],{"class":61},[47,92948,447],{"class":65},[47,92950,3192],{"class":61},[47,92952,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,92954,103],{"class":102},[47,92956,106],{"class":61},[47,92958,8358],{"class":882},[47,92960,106],{"class":61},[47,92962,60264],{"class":102},[47,92964,106],{"class":61},[47,92966,437],{"class":65},[47,92968,69],{"class":61},[47,92970,4106],{"class":65},[47,92972,69],{"class":61},[47,92974,2505],{"class":57},[47,92976,2340],{"class":65},[47,92978,3192],{"class":61},[47,92980,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,92982,103],{"class":102},[47,92984,106],{"class":61},[47,92986,1971],{"class":882},[47,92988,106],{"class":61},[47,92990,60264],{"class":102},[47,92992,106],{"class":61},[47,92994,173],{"class":65},[47,92996,3192],{"class":61},[20,92998,26272],{},[138,93000,93001,93004,93007],{},[141,93002,93003],{},"what values are being created",[141,93005,93006],{},"whether the direction is correct",[141,93008,93009,93010,24882],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93011,60264],{},[33,93013,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,93015,2082,93017,93019],{"id":93016},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93018,36463],{}," include the last number?",[20,93021,93022],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1404,93024,5424,93026,93028,93029,2099],{"id":93025},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93027,90955],{}," start at ",[15,93030,2403],{},[20,93032,93033,93034,89],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93035,2403],{},[1404,93037,5436,93039,93041],{"id":93038},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93040,36463],{}," count backward?",[20,93043,93044,93045,89],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93046,93047],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1404,93049,15167,93051,26307],{"id":93050},"is-range-a-list",[15,93052,36463],{},[20,93054,26310,93055,93057,93058,24203],{},[15,93056,60264],{}," object. Use ",[15,93059,93060],{},"list(range(...))",[1404,93062,5424,93064,48953],{"id":93063},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93065,93066],{},"range(input())",[20,93068,93069,3760,93071,89],{},[15,93070,3238],{},[15,93072,93073],{},"int(input())",[33,93075,2187],{"id":2186},[138,93077,93078,93082,93088,93094,93100],{},[141,93079,93080],{},[252,93081,36295],{"href":36294},[141,93083,93084],{},[252,93085,1386,93086,3785],{"href":42624},[15,93087,42627],{},[141,93089,93090],{},[252,93091,1386,93092,3785],{"href":92124},[15,93093,36015],{},[141,93095,93096],{},[252,93097,37783,93098,36874],{"href":36870},[15,93099,36015],{},[141,93101,93102],{},[252,93103,50793,93104],{"href":50792},[15,93105,50796],{},[2210,93107,93108],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":93110},[93111,93112,93114,93120,93128,93135,93137,93149,93150,93162],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":90964,"depth":83,"text":93113},"What range() does",{"id":91057,"depth":83,"text":93115,"children":93116},"range() syntax",[93117,93118,93119],{"id":91137,"depth":99,"text":91140},{"id":91201,"depth":99,"text":91204},{"id":91269,"depth":99,"text":91272},{"id":91340,"depth":83,"text":91341,"children":93121},[93122,93123,93124,93125,93126],{"id":91347,"depth":99,"text":90955},{"id":91410,"depth":99,"text":91413},{"id":91474,"depth":99,"text":91477},{"id":91550,"depth":99,"text":91551},{"id":77064,"depth":99,"text":93127},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91709,"depth":83,"text":93129,"children":93130},"Using range() in a for loop",[93131,93132,93133],{"id":91811,"depth":99,"text":91812},{"id":91856,"depth":99,"text":91857},{"id":91936,"depth":99,"text":93134},"range() and indexing",{"id":92211,"depth":83,"text":93136},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":93138},[93139,93140,93142,93143,93145,93147],{"id":92394,"depth":99,"text":92395},{"id":92490,"depth":99,"text":93141},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92556,"depth":99,"text":92557},{"id":92691,"depth":99,"text":93144},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92748,"depth":99,"text":93146},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92782,"depth":99,"text":93148},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92886,"depth":83,"text":92887},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":93151},[93152,93154,93156,93158,93160],{"id":93016,"depth":99,"text":93153},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93025,"depth":99,"text":93155},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93038,"depth":99,"text":93157},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93050,"depth":99,"text":93159},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93063,"depth":99,"text":93161},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90858,"description":93163},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93170,"title":93171,"body":93172,"description":94845,"extension":2248,"meta":94846,"navigation":203,"path":94847,"seo":94848,"stem":94849,"__hash__":94850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93173,"toc":94818},[93174,93183,93190,93207,93223,93225,93274,93282,93286,93289,93309,93311,93375,93377,93420,93423,93469,93471,93504,93514,93520,93528,93545,93547,93578,93580,93605,93610,93621,93624,93694,93696,93727,93732,93737,93754,93756,93807,93809,93842,93845,93852,93857,93861,93877,93879,93923,93925,93971,93974,93987,93992,93996,94010,94012,94063,94065,94098,94103,94105,94112,94114,94137,94139,94204,94206,94223,94226,94259,94261,94289,94299,94306,94310,94313,94331,94334,94362,94365,94383,94388,94394,94397,94419,94421,94449,94451,94454,94479,94482,94595,94597,94676,94678,94684,94689,94697,94705,94709,94712,94714,94747,94749,94757,94763,94770,94777,94780,94782,94815],[10,93175,1386,93177,1225,93179,93182],{"id":93176},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93178,36463],{},[15,93180,93181],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93184,93185,1233,93187,93189],{},[15,93186,36463],{},[15,93188,93181],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[138,93191,93192,93200],{},[141,93193,93194,93196,93197],{},[15,93195,36463],{}," creates a ",[4015,93198,93199],{},"range object",[141,93201,93202,93196,93204],{},[15,93203,93181],{},[4015,93205,93206],{},"real list",[20,93208,93209,93210,93212,93213,93216,93217,93219,93220,93222],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93211,90955],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93214,93215],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93218,36463],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93221,93181],{}," when you actually need a list.",[33,93224,3884],{"id":3883},[38,93226,93228],{"className":40,"code":93227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93229,93230,93244,93257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93231,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93233,54],{"class":53},[47,93235,58],{"class":57},[47,93237,54340],{"class":102},[47,93239,106],{"class":61},[47,93241,173],{"class":65},[47,93243,216],{"class":61},[47,93245,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93247,103],{"class":102},[47,93249,106],{"class":61},[47,93251,86],{"class":92},[47,93253,111],{"class":61},[47,93255,93256],{"class":114},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93258,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93260,103],{"class":102},[47,93262,106],{"class":61},[47,93264,8358],{"class":882},[47,93266,106],{"class":61},[47,93268,86],{"class":92},[47,93270,5628],{"class":61},[47,93272,93273],{"class":114},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93275,118,93276,93278,93279,93281],{},[15,93277,36463],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93280,93181],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[33,93283,93285],{"id":93284},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93287,93288],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[138,93290,93291,93298,93303,93306],{},[141,93292,93293,22241,93295,93297],{},[15,93294,36463],{},[4015,93296,93199],{},", not a list",[141,93299,93300,93302],{},[15,93301,93181],{}," converts that range object into a list",[141,93304,93305],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[141,93307,93308],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93310,318],{},[38,93312,93314],{"className":40,"code":93313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93315,93316,93331,93350,93354,93364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93317,93318,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93319,93320],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93322,58],{"class":57},[47,93324,54340],{"class":102},[47,93326,106],{"class":61},[47,93328,173],{"class":65},[47,93330,216],{"class":61},[47,93332,93333,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93334,93335],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93337,58],{"class":57},[47,93339,1644],{"class":882},[47,93341,106],{"class":61},[47,93343,60264],{"class":102},[47,93345,106],{"class":61},[47,93347,173],{"class":65},[47,93349,1978],{"class":61},[47,93351,93352],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93353,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,93357,103],{"class":102},[47,93359,106],{"class":61},[47,93361,60769],{"class":92},[47,93363,216],{"class":61},[47,93365,93366,93368,93370,93373],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,93367,103],{"class":102},[47,93369,106],{"class":61},[47,93371,93372],{"class":92},"lst",[47,93374,216],{"class":61},[20,93376,219],{},[38,93378,93380],{"className":40,"code":93379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93381,93382,93396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93383,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93385,60264],{"class":102},[47,93387,106],{"class":61},[47,93389,2403],{"class":65},[47,93391,69],{"class":61},[47,93393,241],{"class":65},[47,93395,216],{"class":61},[47,93397,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93399,229],{"class":61},[47,93401,2403],{"class":65},[47,93403,69],{"class":61},[47,93405,72],{"class":65},[47,93407,69],{"class":61},[47,93409,77],{"class":65},[47,93411,69],{"class":61},[47,93413,442],{"class":65},[47,93415,69],{"class":61},[47,93417,402],{"class":65},[47,93419,80],{"class":61},[20,93421,93422],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,93424,93426],{"className":40,"code":93425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93427,93428,93446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93431,103],{"class":102},[47,93433,106],{"class":61},[47,93435,1971],{"class":882},[47,93437,106],{"class":61},[47,93439,60264],{"class":102},[47,93441,106],{"class":61},[47,93443,173],{"class":65},[47,93445,3192],{"class":61},[47,93447,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93449,103],{"class":102},[47,93451,106],{"class":61},[47,93453,1971],{"class":882},[47,93455,106],{"class":61},[47,93457,8358],{"class":882},[47,93459,106],{"class":61},[47,93461,60264],{"class":102},[47,93463,106],{"class":61},[47,93465,173],{"class":65},[47,93467,93468],{"class":61},"))))\n",[20,93470,219],{},[38,93472,93474],{"className":40,"code":93473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93475,93476,93490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93479,3568],{"class":57},[47,93481,3571],{"class":2348},[47,93483,708],{"class":632},[47,93485,60264],{"class":636},[47,93487,699],{"class":632},[47,93489,3580],{"class":57},[47,93491,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93493,3568],{"class":57},[47,93495,3571],{"class":2348},[47,93497,708],{"class":632},[47,93499,8358],{"class":636},[47,93501,699],{"class":632},[47,93503,3580],{"class":57},[20,93505,93506,93507,93509,93510,89],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93508,36463],{}," works, see ",[252,93511,1386,93512,3785],{"href":93165},[15,93513,36463],{},[33,93515,128,93517,93519],{"id":93516},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93518,36463],{}," gives you",[20,93521,93522,93524,93525,93527],{},[15,93523,36463],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93526,6224],{}," loops.",[138,93529,93530,93533,93536,93539],{},[141,93531,93532],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[141,93534,93535],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[141,93537,93538],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[141,93540,93541,93542],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93543,93544],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93546,318],{},[38,93548,93550],{"className":40,"code":93549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93551,93552,93568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93553,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564,93566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93555,6224],{"class":2027},[47,93557,69807],{"class":53},[47,93559,2034],{"class":2027},[47,93561,54340],{"class":102},[47,93563,106],{"class":61},[47,93565,173],{"class":65},[47,93567,8606],{"class":61},[47,93569,93570,93572,93574,93576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93571,8333],{"class":102},[47,93573,106],{"class":61},[47,93575,36419],{"class":92},[47,93577,216],{"class":61},[20,93579,219],{},[38,93581,93583],{"className":40,"code":93582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93584,93585,93589,93593,93597,93601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93586,93587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93588,47520],{"class":65},[47,93590,93591],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93592,47185],{"class":65},[47,93594,93595],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93596,17321],{"class":65},[47,93598,93599],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,93600,46885],{"class":65},[47,93602,93603],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,93604,48919],{"class":65},[20,93606,21036,93607,93609],{},[15,93608,90955],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93611,93612,93613,93615,93616,89],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93614,36463],{}," is so common with ",[252,93617,1386,93619,90986],{"href":93618},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93620,6224],{},[20,93622,93623],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,93625,93627],{"className":40,"code":93626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93628,93629,93651,93655,93665,93679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93630,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93632,93320],{"class":53},[47,93634,58],{"class":57},[47,93636,54340],{"class":102},[47,93638,106],{"class":61},[47,93640,2340],{"class":65},[47,93642,69],{"class":61},[47,93644,503],{"class":65},[47,93646,69],{"class":61},[47,93648,77],{"class":65},[47,93650,216],{"class":61},[47,93652,93653],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93654,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,93656,93657,93659,93661,93663],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93658,103],{"class":102},[47,93660,106],{"class":61},[47,93662,60769],{"class":92},[47,93664,216],{"class":61},[47,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,93668,103],{"class":102},[47,93670,106],{"class":61},[47,93672,969],{"class":102},[47,93674,106],{"class":61},[47,93676,60769],{"class":92},[47,93678,1978],{"class":61},[47,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93692],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,93682,103],{"class":102},[47,93684,106],{"class":61},[47,93686,80695],{"class":65},[47,93688,21439],{"class":2027},[47,93690,93691],{"class":92}," r",[47,93693,216],{"class":61},[20,93695,219],{},[38,93697,93699],{"className":40,"code":93698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93700,93701,93719,93723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93702,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93704,60264],{"class":102},[47,93706,106],{"class":61},[47,93708,2340],{"class":65},[47,93710,69],{"class":61},[47,93712,503],{"class":65},[47,93714,69],{"class":61},[47,93716,77],{"class":65},[47,93718,216],{"class":61},[47,93720,93721],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93722,48919],{"class":65},[47,93724,93725],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93726,4249],{"class":284},[33,93728,128,93730,93519],{"id":93729},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93731,93181],{},[20,93733,93734,93736],{},[15,93735,93181],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[138,93738,93739,93742,93745,93748],{},[141,93740,93741],{},"It creates all values at once",[141,93743,93744],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[141,93746,93747],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[141,93749,93750,93751,93753],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93752,36463],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93755,318],{},[38,93757,93759],{"className":40,"code":93758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93760,93761,93779,93783,93793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93762,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93764,54],{"class":53},[47,93766,58],{"class":57},[47,93768,1644],{"class":882},[47,93770,106],{"class":61},[47,93772,60264],{"class":102},[47,93774,106],{"class":61},[47,93776,173],{"class":65},[47,93778,1978],{"class":61},[47,93780,93781],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93782,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,93784,93785,93787,93789,93791],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93786,103],{"class":102},[47,93788,106],{"class":61},[47,93790,86],{"class":92},[47,93792,216],{"class":61},[47,93794,93795,93797,93799,93801,93803,93805],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,93796,103],{"class":102},[47,93798,106],{"class":61},[47,93800,86],{"class":92},[47,93802,229],{"class":61},[47,93804,2340],{"class":65},[47,93806,2040],{"class":61},[20,93808,219],{},[38,93810,93812],{"className":40,"code":93811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93813,93814,93838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93815,93816,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93817,229],{"class":61},[47,93819,2403],{"class":65},[47,93821,69],{"class":61},[47,93823,72],{"class":65},[47,93825,69],{"class":61},[47,93827,77],{"class":65},[47,93829,69],{"class":61},[47,93831,442],{"class":65},[47,93833,69],{"class":61},[47,93835,402],{"class":65},[47,93837,80],{"class":61},[47,93839,93840],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93841,17321],{"class":65},[20,93843,93844],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93846,93847,93848,89],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[252,93849,1386,93850,3785],{"href":65107},[15,93851,25045],{},[33,93853,5227,93855],{"id":93854},"when-to-use-range",[15,93856,36463],{},[20,93858,118,93859,10866],{},[15,93860,36463],{},[138,93862,93863,93868,93871,93874],{},[141,93864,93865,93866,91715],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93867,6224],{},[141,93869,93870],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[141,93872,93873],{},"You are working with large sequences",[141,93875,93876],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93878,318],{},[38,93880,93882],{"className":40,"code":93881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93883,93884,93904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93885,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93887,6224],{"class":2027},[47,93889,69807],{"class":53},[47,93891,2034],{"class":2027},[47,93893,54340],{"class":102},[47,93895,106],{"class":61},[47,93897,232],{"class":65},[47,93899,69],{"class":61},[47,93901,37908],{"class":65},[47,93903,8606],{"class":61},[47,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93915,93917,93919,93921],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93907,8333],{"class":102},[47,93909,106],{"class":61},[47,93911,633],{"class":632},[47,93913,93914],{"class":636},"Count:",[47,93916,633],{"class":632},[47,93918,69],{"class":61},[47,93920,36395],{"class":92},[47,93922,216],{"class":61},[20,93924,219],{},[38,93926,93928],{"className":40,"code":93927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93929,93930,93939,93947,93955,93963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93931,93932,93935,93937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93933,93934],{"class":53},"Count",[47,93936,136],{"class":61},[47,93938,29880],{"class":65},[47,93940,93941,93943,93945],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,93942,93934],{"class":53},[47,93944,136],{"class":61},[47,93946,45857],{"class":65},[47,93948,93949,93951,93953],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,93950,93934],{"class":53},[47,93952,136],{"class":61},[47,93954,2857],{"class":65},[47,93956,93957,93959,93961],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,93958,93934],{"class":53},[47,93960,136],{"class":61},[47,93962,23928],{"class":65},[47,93964,93965,93967,93969],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,93966,93934],{"class":53},[47,93968,136],{"class":61},[47,93970,35107],{"class":65},[20,93972,93973],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93975,93976,93977,93979,93980,62550,93982,89],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93978,36015],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93981,36864],{},[252,93983,36871,93985,36874],{"href":93984},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93986,36015],{},[33,93988,5227,93990],{"id":93989},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93991,93181],{},[20,93993,118,93994,10866],{},[15,93995,93181],{},[138,93997,93998,94001,94004,94007],{},[141,93999,94000],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[141,94002,94003],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[141,94005,94006],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[141,94008,94009],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94011,318],{},[38,94013,94015],{"className":40,"code":94014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94016,94017,94035,94049,94053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94020,54],{"class":53},[47,94022,58],{"class":57},[47,94024,1644],{"class":882},[47,94026,106],{"class":61},[47,94028,60264],{"class":102},[47,94030,106],{"class":61},[47,94032,173],{"class":65},[47,94034,1978],{"class":61},[47,94036,94037,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94038,86],{"class":53},[47,94040,89],{"class":61},[47,94042,13817],{"class":92},[47,94044,106],{"class":61},[47,94046,173],{"class":65},[47,94048,216],{"class":61},[47,94050,94051],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,94052,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,94054,94055,94057,94059,94061],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,94056,103],{"class":102},[47,94058,106],{"class":61},[47,94060,86],{"class":92},[47,94062,216],{"class":61},[20,94064,219],{},[38,94066,94068],{"className":40,"code":94067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94069,94070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94071,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94073,229],{"class":61},[47,94075,2403],{"class":65},[47,94077,69],{"class":61},[47,94079,72],{"class":65},[47,94081,69],{"class":61},[47,94083,77],{"class":65},[47,94085,69],{"class":61},[47,94087,442],{"class":65},[47,94089,69],{"class":61},[47,94091,402],{"class":65},[47,94093,69],{"class":61},[47,94095,241],{"class":65},[47,94097,80],{"class":61},[20,94099,6324,94100,94102],{},[15,94101,86],{}," is a list.",[33,94104,15861],{"id":15860},[20,94106,94107,94109,94110,89],{},[15,94108,36463],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[4015,94111,37862],{},[20,94113,2390],{},[138,94115,94116,94118,94123,94128,94131],{},[141,94117,22251],{},[141,94119,94120,94121],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94122,42627],{},[141,94124,94125,94126],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94127,2034],{},[141,94129,94130],{},"You can index it",[141,94132,94133,94134,94136],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94135,52922],{}," do not work on it",[20,94138,318],{},[38,94140,94142],{"className":40,"code":94141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94143,94144,94158,94162,94176,94190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94145,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94147,93320],{"class":53},[47,94149,58],{"class":57},[47,94151,54340],{"class":102},[47,94153,106],{"class":61},[47,94155,173],{"class":65},[47,94157,216],{"class":61},[47,94159,94160],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94161,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,94165,103],{"class":102},[47,94167,106],{"class":61},[47,94169,60769],{"class":92},[47,94171,229],{"class":61},[47,94173,2340],{"class":65},[47,94175,2040],{"class":61},[47,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,94179,103],{"class":102},[47,94181,106],{"class":61},[47,94183,969],{"class":102},[47,94185,106],{"class":61},[47,94187,60769],{"class":92},[47,94189,1978],{"class":61},[47,94191,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,94193,103],{"class":102},[47,94195,106],{"class":61},[47,94197,66],{"class":65},[47,94199,21439],{"class":2027},[47,94201,93691],{"class":92},[47,94203,216],{"class":61},[20,94205,219],{},[38,94207,94209],{"className":40,"code":94208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94210,94211,94215,94219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94212,94213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94214,17321],{"class":65},[47,94216,94217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94218,3227],{"class":65},[47,94220,94221],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,94222,4249],{"class":284},[20,94224,94225],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,94227,94229],{"className":40,"code":94228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94230,94231,94245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94232,94233,94235,94237,94239,94241,94243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94234,93320],{"class":53},[47,94236,58],{"class":57},[47,94238,54340],{"class":102},[47,94240,106],{"class":61},[47,94242,173],{"class":65},[47,94244,216],{"class":61},[47,94246,94247,94249,94251,94253,94255,94257],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94248,60769],{"class":53},[47,94250,89],{"class":61},[47,94252,13817],{"class":92},[47,94254,106],{"class":61},[47,94256,173],{"class":65},[47,94258,216],{"class":61},[20,94260,219],{},[38,94262,94264],{"className":40,"code":94263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94265,94266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94283,94285,94287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94269,25936],{"class":882},[47,94271,136],{"class":61},[47,94273,708],{"class":632},[47,94275,60264],{"class":636},[47,94277,699],{"class":632},[47,94279,24882],{"class":882},[47,94281,94282],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94284,699],{"class":632},[47,94286,13817],{"class":636},[47,94288,29965],{"class":632},[20,94290,94291,94292,2472,94294,2476,94296,94298],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94293,52922],{},[15,94295,55795],{},[15,94297,17],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94300,94301,94302,89],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[252,94303,25944,94304],{"href":35685},[15,94305,34522],{},[33,94307,94309],{"id":94308},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94311,94312],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,94314,94315],{"className":40,"code":92791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94316,94317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94318,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94320,103],{"class":102},[47,94322,106],{"class":61},[47,94324,60264],{"class":102},[47,94326,106],{"class":61},[47,94328,173],{"class":65},[47,94330,1978],{"class":61},[20,94332,94333],{},"to show:",[38,94335,94336],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94337,94338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94339,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356,94358,94360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94341,229],{"class":61},[47,94343,2403],{"class":65},[47,94345,69],{"class":61},[47,94347,72],{"class":65},[47,94349,69],{"class":61},[47,94351,77],{"class":65},[47,94353,69],{"class":61},[47,94355,442],{"class":65},[47,94357,69],{"class":61},[47,94359,402],{"class":65},[47,94361,80],{"class":61},[20,94363,94364],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,94366,94367],{"className":40,"code":92812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94368,94369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94370,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94372,60264],{"class":102},[47,94374,106],{"class":61},[47,94376,2403],{"class":65},[47,94378,69],{"class":61},[47,94380,241],{"class":65},[47,94382,216],{"class":61},[20,94384,4893,94385,94387],{},[4015,94386,4896],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94389,94390,94391,94393],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[4015,94392,93199],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94395,94396],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,94398,94399],{"className":40,"code":91148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94400,94401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94402,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94404,103],{"class":102},[47,94406,106],{"class":61},[47,94408,8358],{"class":882},[47,94410,106],{"class":61},[47,94412,60264],{"class":102},[47,94414,106],{"class":61},[47,94416,173],{"class":65},[47,94418,3192],{"class":61},[20,94420,219],{},[38,94422,94423],{"className":40,"code":60287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94424,94425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94426,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94428,229],{"class":61},[47,94430,2403],{"class":65},[47,94432,69],{"class":61},[47,94434,72],{"class":65},[47,94436,69],{"class":61},[47,94438,77],{"class":65},[47,94440,69],{"class":61},[47,94442,442],{"class":65},[47,94444,69],{"class":61},[47,94446,402],{"class":65},[47,94448,80],{"class":61},[33,94450,1397],{"id":1396},[20,94452,94453],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[138,94455,94456,94462,94465,94471],{},[141,94457,8681,94458,94461],{},[15,94459,94460],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[141,94463,94464],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[141,94466,94467,94468,94470],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94469,36463],{}," is iterable but not a list",[141,94472,8681,94473,94475,94476,94478],{},[15,94474,93181],{}," when plain ",[15,94477,36463],{}," would be simpler",[20,94480,94481],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,94483,94485],{"className":40,"code":94484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94486,94487,94501,94519,94537,94559,94577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94488,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94490,103],{"class":102},[47,94492,106],{"class":61},[47,94494,60264],{"class":102},[47,94496,106],{"class":61},[47,94498,173],{"class":65},[47,94500,1978],{"class":61},[47,94502,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94517],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94504,103],{"class":102},[47,94506,106],{"class":61},[47,94508,8358],{"class":882},[47,94510,106],{"class":61},[47,94512,60264],{"class":102},[47,94514,106],{"class":61},[47,94516,173],{"class":65},[47,94518,3192],{"class":61},[47,94520,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,94522,103],{"class":102},[47,94524,106],{"class":61},[47,94526,1971],{"class":882},[47,94528,106],{"class":61},[47,94530,60264],{"class":102},[47,94532,106],{"class":61},[47,94534,173],{"class":65},[47,94536,3192],{"class":61},[47,94538,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,94540,103],{"class":102},[47,94542,106],{"class":61},[47,94544,1971],{"class":882},[47,94546,106],{"class":61},[47,94548,8358],{"class":882},[47,94550,106],{"class":61},[47,94552,60264],{"class":102},[47,94554,106],{"class":61},[47,94556,173],{"class":65},[47,94558,93468],{"class":61},[47,94560,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,94562,103],{"class":102},[47,94564,106],{"class":61},[47,94566,66],{"class":65},[47,94568,21439],{"class":2027},[47,94570,54340],{"class":102},[47,94572,106],{"class":61},[47,94574,173],{"class":65},[47,94576,1978],{"class":61},[47,94578,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,94580,103],{"class":102},[47,94582,106],{"class":61},[47,94584,969],{"class":102},[47,94586,106],{"class":61},[47,94588,60264],{"class":102},[47,94590,106],{"class":61},[47,94592,173],{"class":65},[47,94594,3192],{"class":61},[20,94596,219],{},[38,94598,94600],{"className":40,"code":94599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94601,94602,94616,94640,94654,94668,94672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94603,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94605,60264],{"class":102},[47,94607,106],{"class":61},[47,94609,2403],{"class":65},[47,94611,69],{"class":61},[47,94613,241],{"class":65},[47,94615,216],{"class":61},[47,94617,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94619,229],{"class":61},[47,94621,2403],{"class":65},[47,94623,69],{"class":61},[47,94625,72],{"class":65},[47,94627,69],{"class":61},[47,94629,77],{"class":65},[47,94631,69],{"class":61},[47,94633,442],{"class":65},[47,94635,69],{"class":61},[47,94637,402],{"class":65},[47,94639,80],{"class":61},[47,94641,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,94643,3568],{"class":57},[47,94645,3571],{"class":2348},[47,94647,708],{"class":632},[47,94649,60264],{"class":636},[47,94651,699],{"class":632},[47,94653,3580],{"class":57},[47,94655,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94666],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,94657,3568],{"class":57},[47,94659,3571],{"class":2348},[47,94661,708],{"class":632},[47,94663,8358],{"class":636},[47,94665,699],{"class":632},[47,94667,3580],{"class":57},[47,94669,94670],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,94671,4249],{"class":284},[47,94673,94674],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,94675,3227],{"class":65},[33,94677,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,94679,15167,94681,94683],{"id":94680},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94682,36463],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94685,46633,94686,94688],{},[15,94687,36463],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1404,94690,94692,94693,11358,94695,2099],{"id":94691},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94694,36463],{},[15,94696,93181],{},[20,94698,94699,94701,94702,94704],{},[15,94700,36463],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94703,93181],{}," creates a full list.",[1404,94706,94708],{"id":94707},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94710,94711],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94713,318],{},[38,94715,94717],{"className":40,"code":94716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94718,94719,94733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94720,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94722,93320],{"class":53},[47,94724,58],{"class":57},[47,94726,54340],{"class":102},[47,94728,106],{"class":61},[47,94730,173],{"class":65},[47,94732,216],{"class":61},[47,94734,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94736,103],{"class":102},[47,94738,106],{"class":61},[47,94740,60769],{"class":92},[47,94742,229],{"class":61},[47,94744,232],{"class":65},[47,94746,2040],{"class":61},[20,94748,219],{},[38,94750,94751],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94752,94753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94754,94755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94756,47185],{"class":65},[1404,94758,5424,94760,94762],{"id":94759},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94761,94460],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94764,94765,94766,94769],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94767,94768],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1404,94771,94773,94774,94776],{"id":94772},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94775,36463],{}," to a list?",[20,94778,94779],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[33,94781,2187],{"id":2186},[138,94783,94784,94790,94796,94803,94809],{},[141,94785,94786],{},[252,94787,1386,94788,3785],{"href":93165},[15,94789,36463],{},[141,94791,94792],{},[252,94793,1386,94794,3785],{"href":65107},[15,94795,25045],{},[141,94797,94798],{},[252,94799,1386,94800,94802],{"href":93618},[15,94801,6224],{}," loops explained",[141,94804,94805],{},[252,94806,37783,94807,36874],{"href":93984},[15,94808,36015],{},[141,94810,94811],{},[252,94812,26386,94813],{"href":35685},[15,94814,34522],{},[2210,94816,94817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":94819},[94820,94821,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94831,94832,94833,94844],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":93284,"depth":83,"text":93285},{"id":93516,"depth":83,"text":94823},"What range() gives you",{"id":93729,"depth":83,"text":94825},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93854,"depth":83,"text":94827},"When to use range()",{"id":93989,"depth":83,"text":94829},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15860,"depth":83,"text":15861},{"id":94308,"depth":83,"text":94309},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":94834},[94835,94837,94839,94840,94842],{"id":94680,"depth":99,"text":94836},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94691,"depth":99,"text":94838},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94707,"depth":99,"text":94708},{"id":94759,"depth":99,"text":94841},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94772,"depth":99,"text":94843},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93171,"description":94845},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94852,"title":94853,"body":94854,"description":96290,"extension":2248,"meta":96291,"navigation":203,"path":96292,"seo":96293,"stem":96294,"__hash__":96295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94855,"toc":96256},[94856,94862,94867,94870,94884,94887,94889,94928,94930,94943,94951,94956,94972,94975,94977,94979,95000,95017,95020,95079,95081,95100,95105,95111,95114,95148,95150,95163,95166,95211,95213,95236,95243,95249,95252,95293,95295,95309,95312,95370,95372,95387,95400,95406,95412,95477,95479,95498,95500,95518,95521,95525,95531,95533,95566,95568,95581,95591,95594,95655,95657,95678,95681,95683,95699,95704,95708,95713,95718,95774,95776,95794,95797,95842,95844,95852,95857,95861,95875,95877,95909,95911,95920,95922,95926,95935,95938,95970,95972,95984,95987,95991,95996,96037,96039,96047,96050,96073,96077,96079,96088,96091,96144,96146,96155,96159,96164,96175,96177,96186,96189,96195,96198,96204,96214,96222,96229,96231,96253],[10,94857,1386,94859,3855],{"id":94858},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94860,94861],{},"round()",[20,94863,9387,94864,94866],{},[15,94865,94861],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94868,94869],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[138,94871,94872,94878],{},[141,94873,94874,94877],{},[15,94875,94876],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[141,94879,94880,94883],{},[15,94881,94882],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94885,94886],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[33,94888,36],{"id":35},[38,94890,94892],{"className":40,"code":94891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94893,94894,94910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94895,94896,94898,94900,94903,94905,94908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94897,103],{"class":102},[47,94899,106],{"class":61},[47,94901,94902],{"class":102},"round",[47,94904,106],{"class":61},[47,94906,94907],{"class":65},"3.14159",[47,94909,1978],{"class":61},[47,94911,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94913,103],{"class":102},[47,94915,106],{"class":61},[47,94917,94902],{"class":102},[47,94919,106],{"class":61},[47,94921,94907],{"class":65},[47,94923,69],{"class":61},[47,94925,77],{"class":65},[47,94927,1978],{"class":61},[20,94929,219],{},[38,94931,94933],{"className":40,"code":94932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94934,94935,94939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94936,94937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94938,46885],{"class":65},[47,94940,94941],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,94942,40442],{"class":65},[20,94944,118,94945,94947,94948,94950],{},[15,94946,94876],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94949,94882],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[33,94952,128,94954,131],{"id":94953},"what-round-does",[15,94955,94861],{},[138,94957,94958,94963,94966,94969],{},[141,94959,94960,94962],{},[15,94961,94861],{}," is a built-in Python function",[141,94964,94965],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[141,94967,94968],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[141,94970,94971],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94973,94974],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[33,94976,259],{"id":258},[20,94978,2442],{},[38,94980,94982],{"className":40,"code":94981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94983,94984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94985,94986,94988,94990,94992,94995,94998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94987,94902],{"class":102},[47,94989,106],{"class":61},[47,94991,2522],{"class":92},[47,94993,94994],{"class":61},"[,",[47,94996,94997],{"class":92}," ndigits",[47,94999,2040],{"class":61},[138,95001,95002,95007,95012],{},[141,95003,95004,95006],{},[15,95005,2522],{}," is the value to round",[141,95008,95009,20304],{},[15,95010,95011],{},"ndigits",[141,95013,95014,95016],{},[15,95015,95011],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95018,95019],{},"Basic examples:",[38,95021,95023],{"className":40,"code":95022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95024,95025,95040,95058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95026,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035,95038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95028,103],{"class":102},[47,95030,106],{"class":61},[47,95032,94902],{"class":102},[47,95034,106],{"class":61},[47,95036,95037],{"class":65},"7.8",[47,95039,1978],{"class":61},[47,95041,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95043,103],{"class":102},[47,95045,106],{"class":61},[47,95047,94902],{"class":102},[47,95049,106],{"class":61},[47,95051,95037],{"class":65},[47,95053,69],{"class":61},[47,95055,72],{"class":65},[47,95057,1978],{"class":61},[47,95059,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068,95071,95073,95075,95077],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95061,103],{"class":102},[47,95063,106],{"class":61},[47,95065,94902],{"class":102},[47,95067,106],{"class":61},[47,95069,95070],{"class":65},"1234",[47,95072,69],{"class":61},[47,95074,2505],{"class":57},[47,95076,2340],{"class":65},[47,95078,1978],{"class":61},[20,95080,219],{},[38,95082,95084],{"className":40,"code":95083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95085,95086,95090,95095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95087,95088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95089,2663],{"class":65},[47,95091,95092],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95093,95094],{"class":65},"7.8\n",[47,95096,95097],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95098,95099],{"class":65},"1200\n",[20,95101,95102,95103,89],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[252,95104,2701],{"href":2700},[33,95106,8681,95108,95110],{"id":95107},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95109,94861],{}," with one argument",[20,95112,95113],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,95115,95117],{"className":40,"code":95116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95118,95119,95133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95120,95121,95123,95125,95127,95129,95131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95122,103],{"class":102},[47,95124,106],{"class":61},[47,95126,94902],{"class":102},[47,95128,106],{"class":61},[47,95130,2644],{"class":65},[47,95132,1978],{"class":61},[47,95134,95135,95137,95139,95141,95143,95146],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95136,103],{"class":102},[47,95138,106],{"class":61},[47,95140,94902],{"class":102},[47,95142,106],{"class":61},[47,95144,95145],{"class":65},"4.8",[47,95147,1978],{"class":61},[20,95149,219],{},[38,95151,95153],{"className":40,"code":95152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,95154,95155,95159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95156,95157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95158,48919],{"class":65},[47,95160,95161],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95162,3227],{"class":65},[20,95164,95165],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,95167,95169],{"className":40,"code":95168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95170,95171,95187,95197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95172,95173,95175,95177,95180,95182,95185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95174,1442],{"class":53},[47,95176,58],{"class":57},[47,95178,95179],{"class":102}," round",[47,95181,106],{"class":61},[47,95183,95184],{"class":65},"10.2",[47,95186,216],{"class":61},[47,95188,95189,95191,95193,95195],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95190,103],{"class":102},[47,95192,106],{"class":61},[47,95194,1466],{"class":92},[47,95196,216],{"class":61},[47,95198,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95200,103],{"class":102},[47,95202,106],{"class":61},[47,95204,1971],{"class":882},[47,95206,106],{"class":61},[47,95208,1466],{"class":92},[47,95210,1978],{"class":61},[20,95212,219],{},[38,95214,95216],{"className":40,"code":95215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95217,95218,95222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95219,95220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95221,2658],{"class":65},[47,95223,95224,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95225,3568],{"class":57},[47,95227,3571],{"class":2348},[47,95229,708],{"class":632},[47,95231,2471],{"class":636},[47,95233,699],{"class":632},[47,95235,3580],{"class":57},[20,95237,95238,95239,89],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[252,95240,1386,95241,3785],{"href":3154},[15,95242,3157],{},[33,95244,8681,95246,95248],{"id":95245},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95247,94861],{}," with decimal places",[20,95250,95251],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,95253,95255],{"className":40,"code":95254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95256,95257,95275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95258,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95260,103],{"class":102},[47,95262,106],{"class":61},[47,95264,94902],{"class":102},[47,95266,106],{"class":61},[47,95268,94907],{"class":65},[47,95270,69],{"class":61},[47,95272,77],{"class":65},[47,95274,1978],{"class":61},[47,95276,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289,95291],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95278,103],{"class":102},[47,95280,106],{"class":61},[47,95282,94902],{"class":102},[47,95284,106],{"class":61},[47,95286,94907],{"class":65},[47,95288,69],{"class":61},[47,95290,442],{"class":65},[47,95292,1978],{"class":61},[20,95294,219],{},[38,95296,95298],{"className":40,"code":95297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95299,95300,95304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95301,95302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95303,40442],{"class":65},[47,95305,95306],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95307,95308],{"class":65},"3.142\n",[20,95310,95311],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,95313,95315],{"className":40,"code":95314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95316,95317,95326,95345,95349,95359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95318,95319,95321,95323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95320,40652],{"class":53},[47,95322,58],{"class":57},[47,95324,95325],{"class":65}," 19.9876\n",[47,95327,95328,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95329,95330],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95332,58],{"class":57},[47,95334,95179],{"class":102},[47,95336,106],{"class":61},[47,95338,25414],{"class":92},[47,95340,69],{"class":61},[47,95342,77],{"class":65},[47,95344,216],{"class":61},[47,95346,95347],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95348,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,95350,95351,95353,95355,95357],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,95352,103],{"class":102},[47,95354,106],{"class":61},[47,95356,25414],{"class":92},[47,95358,216],{"class":61},[47,95360,95361,95363,95365,95368],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,95362,103],{"class":102},[47,95364,106],{"class":61},[47,95366,95367],{"class":92},"rounded_price",[47,95369,216],{"class":61},[20,95371,219],{},[38,95373,95375],{"className":40,"code":95374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95376,95377,95382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95378,95379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95380,95381],{"class":65},"19.9876\n",[47,95383,95384],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95385,95386],{"class":65},"19.99\n",[20,95388,95389,95390,95393,95394,3158,95396,89],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95391,95392],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[252,95395,41157],{"href":41156},[252,95397,1386,95398,3785],{"href":3161},[15,95399,3164],{},[33,95401,95403,95404],{"id":95402},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95405,95011],{},[20,95407,95408,95409,95411],{},"A negative ",[15,95410,95011],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,95413,95415],{"className":40,"code":95414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95416,95417,95437,95457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95418,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95420,103],{"class":102},[47,95422,106],{"class":61},[47,95424,94902],{"class":102},[47,95426,106],{"class":61},[47,95428,95070],{"class":65},[47,95430,69],{"class":61},[47,95432,2505],{"class":57},[47,95434,232],{"class":65},[47,95436,1978],{"class":61},[47,95438,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95440,103],{"class":102},[47,95442,106],{"class":61},[47,95444,94902],{"class":102},[47,95446,106],{"class":61},[47,95448,95070],{"class":65},[47,95450,69],{"class":61},[47,95452,2505],{"class":57},[47,95454,2340],{"class":65},[47,95456,1978],{"class":61},[47,95458,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471,95473,95475],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95460,103],{"class":102},[47,95462,106],{"class":61},[47,95464,94902],{"class":102},[47,95466,106],{"class":61},[47,95468,95070],{"class":65},[47,95470,69],{"class":61},[47,95472,2505],{"class":57},[47,95474,66],{"class":65},[47,95476,1978],{"class":61},[20,95478,219],{},[38,95480,95482],{"className":40,"code":95481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95483,95484,95489,95493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95485,95486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95487,95488],{"class":65},"1230\n",[47,95490,95491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95492,95099],{"class":65},[47,95494,95495],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95496,95497],{"class":65},"1000\n",[20,95499,65844],{},[138,95501,95502,95507,95513],{},[141,95503,95504,95506],{},[15,95505,66114],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[141,95508,95509,95512],{},[15,95510,95511],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[141,95514,95515,95517],{},[15,95516,47939],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95519,95520],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[33,95522,95524],{"id":95523},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95526,95527,95528,89],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95529,95530],{},".5",[20,95532,5739],{},[38,95534,95536],{"className":40,"code":95535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95537,95538,95552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95541,103],{"class":102},[47,95543,106],{"class":61},[47,95545,94902],{"class":102},[47,95547,106],{"class":61},[47,95549,41424],{"class":65},[47,95551,1978],{"class":61},[47,95553,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95555,103],{"class":102},[47,95557,106],{"class":61},[47,95559,94902],{"class":102},[47,95561,106],{"class":61},[47,95563,2323],{"class":65},[47,95565,1978],{"class":61},[20,95567,219],{},[38,95569,95571],{"className":40,"code":95570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,95572,95573,95577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95574,95575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95576,17321],{"class":65},[47,95578,95579],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95580,48919],{"class":65},[20,95582,95583,95584,95587,95588,95590],{},"Python uses ",[4015,95585,95586],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95589,95530],{}," situations.",[20,95592,95593],{},"More examples:",[38,95595,95597],{"className":40,"code":95596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95598,95599,95613,95627,95641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95600,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95602,103],{"class":102},[47,95604,106],{"class":61},[47,95606,94902],{"class":102},[47,95608,106],{"class":61},[47,95610,41437],{"class":65},[47,95612,1978],{"class":61},[47,95614,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95616,103],{"class":102},[47,95618,106],{"class":61},[47,95620,94902],{"class":102},[47,95622,106],{"class":61},[47,95624,41424],{"class":65},[47,95626,1978],{"class":61},[47,95628,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95630,103],{"class":102},[47,95632,106],{"class":61},[47,95634,94902],{"class":102},[47,95636,106],{"class":61},[47,95638,2323],{"class":65},[47,95640,1978],{"class":61},[47,95642,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,95644,103],{"class":102},[47,95646,106],{"class":61},[47,95648,94902],{"class":102},[47,95650,106],{"class":61},[47,95652,41389],{"class":65},[47,95654,1978],{"class":61},[20,95656,219],{},[38,95658,95660],{"className":40,"code":95659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95661,95662,95666,95670,95674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95663,95664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95665,17321],{"class":65},[47,95667,95668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95669,17321],{"class":65},[47,95671,95672],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95673,48919],{"class":65},[47,95675,95676],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,95677,48919],{"class":65},[20,95679,95680],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95682,10978],{},[138,95684,95685,95692],{},[141,95686,95687,2417,95690],{},[15,95688,95689],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95691,2340],{},[141,95693,95694,2417,95697],{},[15,95695,95696],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95698,334],{},[20,95700,3447,95701,95703],{},[15,95702,95530],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[33,95705,95707],{"id":95706},"return-values","Return values",[20,95709,95710,95712],{},[15,95711,94861],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95714,41171,95715,95717],{},[4015,95716,4896],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,95719,95721],{"className":40,"code":95720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95722,95723,95732,95736,95746,95764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95724,95725,95727,95729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95726,2728],{"class":53},[47,95728,58],{"class":57},[47,95730,95731],{"class":65}," 3.14159\n",[47,95733,95734],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95735,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,95737,95738,95740,95742,95744],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95739,103],{"class":102},[47,95741,106],{"class":61},[47,95743,2753],{"class":92},[47,95745,216],{"class":61},[47,95747,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758,95760,95762],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,95749,103],{"class":102},[47,95751,106],{"class":61},[47,95753,94902],{"class":102},[47,95755,106],{"class":61},[47,95757,2753],{"class":92},[47,95759,69],{"class":61},[47,95761,77],{"class":65},[47,95763,1978],{"class":61},[47,95765,95766,95768,95770,95772],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,95767,103],{"class":102},[47,95769,106],{"class":61},[47,95771,2753],{"class":92},[47,95773,216],{"class":61},[20,95775,219],{},[38,95777,95779],{"className":40,"code":95778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95780,95781,95786,95790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95782,95783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95784,95785],{"class":65},"3.14159\n",[47,95787,95788],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95789,40442],{"class":65},[47,95791,95792],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95793,95785],{"class":65},[20,95795,95796],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,95798,95800],{"className":40,"code":95799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95801,95802,95810,95828,95832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95803,95804,95806,95808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95805,2728],{"class":53},[47,95807,58],{"class":57},[47,95809,95731],{"class":65},[47,95811,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824,95826],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95813,2728],{"class":53},[47,95815,58],{"class":57},[47,95817,95179],{"class":102},[47,95819,106],{"class":61},[47,95821,2753],{"class":92},[47,95823,69],{"class":61},[47,95825,77],{"class":65},[47,95827,216],{"class":61},[47,95829,95830],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,95831,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,95833,95834,95836,95838,95840],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,95835,103],{"class":102},[47,95837,106],{"class":61},[47,95839,2753],{"class":92},[47,95841,216],{"class":61},[20,95843,219],{},[38,95845,95846],{"className":40,"code":40442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95847,95848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95849,95850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95851,40442],{"class":65},[33,95853,5227,95855],{"id":95854},"when-to-use-round",[15,95856,94861],{},[20,95858,118,95859,6582],{},[15,95860,94861],{},[138,95862,95863,95866,95869,95872],{},[141,95864,95865],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[141,95867,95868],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[141,95870,95871],{},"Round values before reporting results",[141,95873,95874],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95876,5739],{},[38,95878,95880],{"className":40,"code":95879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95881,95882,95891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95883,95884,95886,95888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95885,2876],{"class":53},[47,95887,58],{"class":57},[47,95889,95890],{"class":65}," 12.67891\n",[47,95892,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95894,103],{"class":102},[47,95896,106],{"class":61},[47,95898,94902],{"class":102},[47,95900,106],{"class":61},[47,95902,2899],{"class":92},[47,95904,69],{"class":61},[47,95906,77],{"class":65},[47,95908,1978],{"class":61},[20,95910,219],{},[38,95912,95914],{"className":40,"code":95913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,95915,95916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95917,95918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95919,95913],{"class":65},[33,95921,1397],{"id":1396},[20,95923,23360,95924,89],{},[15,95925,94861],{},[1404,95927,8717,95929,95931,95932,95934],{"id":95928},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95930,94861],{}," to always round ",[15,95933,95530],{}," upward",[20,95936,95937],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,95939,95940],{"className":40,"code":95535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95941,95942,95956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95945,103],{"class":102},[47,95947,106],{"class":61},[47,95949,94902],{"class":102},[47,95951,106],{"class":61},[47,95953,41424],{"class":65},[47,95955,1978],{"class":61},[47,95957,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95959,103],{"class":102},[47,95961,106],{"class":61},[47,95963,94902],{"class":102},[47,95965,106],{"class":61},[47,95967,2323],{"class":65},[47,95969,1978],{"class":61},[20,95971,219],{},[38,95973,95974],{"className":40,"code":95570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95975,95976,95980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95977,95978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95979,17321],{"class":65},[47,95981,95982],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,95983,48919],{"class":65},[20,95985,95986],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1404,95988,95990],{"id":95989},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95992,95993,95995],{},[15,95994,94861],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,95997,95999],{"className":40,"code":95998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96000,96001,96009,96023,96027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96002,96003,96005,96007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96004,2728],{"class":53},[47,96006,58],{"class":57},[47,96008,95731],{"class":65},[47,96010,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96012,94902],{"class":102},[47,96014,106],{"class":61},[47,96016,2753],{"class":92},[47,96018,69],{"class":61},[47,96020,77],{"class":65},[47,96022,216],{"class":61},[47,96024,96025],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96026,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96028,96029,96031,96033,96035],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96030,103],{"class":102},[47,96032,106],{"class":61},[47,96034,2753],{"class":92},[47,96036,216],{"class":61},[20,96038,219],{},[38,96040,96041],{"className":40,"code":95785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96042,96043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96044,96045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96046,95785],{"class":65},[20,96048,96049],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,96051,96053],{"className":40,"code":96052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96054,96055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96056,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96058,2728],{"class":53},[47,96060,58],{"class":57},[47,96062,95179],{"class":102},[47,96064,106],{"class":61},[47,96066,2753],{"class":92},[47,96068,69],{"class":61},[47,96070,77],{"class":65},[47,96072,216],{"class":61},[1404,96074,96076],{"id":96075},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96078,16666],{},[38,96080,96082],{"className":40,"code":96081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96083,96084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96085,96086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96087,96081],{"class":114},[20,96089,96090],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,96092,96094],{"className":40,"code":96093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96095,96096,96108,96122,96126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96097,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96099,1600],{"class":53},[47,96101,58],{"class":57},[47,96103,644],{"class":632},[47,96105,40408],{"class":636},[47,96107,1609],{"class":632},[47,96109,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96111,2500],{"class":53},[47,96113,58],{"class":57},[47,96115,40520],{"class":882},[47,96117,106],{"class":61},[47,96119,1614],{"class":92},[47,96121,216],{"class":61},[47,96123,96124],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96125,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96127,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96129,103],{"class":102},[47,96131,106],{"class":61},[47,96133,94902],{"class":102},[47,96135,106],{"class":61},[47,96137,2522],{"class":92},[47,96139,69],{"class":61},[47,96141,72],{"class":65},[47,96143,1978],{"class":61},[20,96145,219],{},[38,96147,96149],{"className":40,"code":96148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,96150,96151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96152,96153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96154,96148],{"class":65},[1404,96156,96158],{"id":96157},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96160,96161,96163],{},[15,96162,94861],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96165,96166,96167,3158,96171,89],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[252,96168,96169],{"href":3161},[15,96170,3164],{},[252,96172,96173],{"href":3154},[15,96174,3157],{},[33,96176,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,96178,2082,96180,96182,96183,96185],{"id":96179},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96181,94861],{}," always round ",[15,96184,40479],{}," up?",[20,96187,96188],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1404,96190,2082,96192,96194],{"id":96191},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96193,94861],{}," change the original number?",[20,96196,96197],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1404,96199,5436,96201,96203],{"id":96200},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96202,94861],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96205,96206,96207,96209,96210,3158,96212,89],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96208,95011],{}," value like ",[15,96211,66114],{},[15,96213,95511],{},[1404,96215,28593,96217,96219,96220,2099],{"id":96216},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96218,94861],{}," on a string like ",[15,96221,48363],{},[20,96223,96224,96225,3158,96227,89],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96226,3164],{},[15,96228,3157],{},[33,96230,2187],{"id":2186},[138,96232,96233,96239,96245,96249],{},[141,96234,96235],{},[252,96236,1386,96237,3785],{"href":3161},[15,96238,3164],{},[141,96240,96241],{},[252,96242,1386,96243,3785],{"href":3154},[15,96244,3157],{},[141,96246,96247],{},[252,96248,2701],{"href":2700},[141,96250,96251],{},[252,96252,42447],{"href":41156},[2210,96254,96255],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":96257},[96258,96259,96261,96262,96264,96266,96268,96269,96270,96272,96279,96289],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":94953,"depth":83,"text":96260},"What round() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":95107,"depth":83,"text":96263},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95245,"depth":83,"text":96265},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95402,"depth":83,"text":96267},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95523,"depth":83,"text":95524},{"id":95706,"depth":83,"text":95707},{"id":95854,"depth":83,"text":96271},"When to use round()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":96273},[96274,96276,96277,96278],{"id":95928,"depth":99,"text":96275},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95989,"depth":99,"text":95990},{"id":96075,"depth":99,"text":96076},{"id":96157,"depth":99,"text":96158},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":96280},[96281,96283,96285,96287],{"id":96179,"depth":99,"text":96282},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96191,"depth":99,"text":96284},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96200,"depth":99,"text":96286},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96216,"depth":99,"text":96288},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94853,"description":96290},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96297,"title":96298,"body":96299,"description":97484,"extension":2248,"meta":97485,"navigation":203,"path":97486,"seo":97487,"stem":97488,"__hash__":97489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96300,"toc":97458},[96301,96308,96314,96317,96319,96368,96372,96397,96402,96407,96412,96426,96437,96439,96458,96460,96476,96479,96490,96492,96494,96555,96559,96592,96599,96606,96609,96642,96645,96649,96652,96705,96709,96730,96736,96743,96750,96811,96819,96896,96900,96912,96921,96923,96929,96935,96939,96992,96995,97053,97057,97065,97068,97072,97075,97085,97087,97184,97187,97198,97201,97244,97248,97272,97275,97281,97283,97287,97312,97314,97381,97390,97392,97398,97403,97407,97410,97414,97421,97425,97430,97432,97449,97455],[10,96302,96304,96305,18],{"id":96303},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96306,96307],{},"add()",[20,96309,96310,96313],{},[15,96311,96312],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96315,96316],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96318,36],{"id":35},[38,96320,96322],{"className":40,"code":96321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96323,96324,96344,96358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96327,54],{"class":53},[47,96329,58],{"class":57},[47,96331,10756],{"class":61},[47,96333,232],{"class":65},[47,96335,69],{"class":61},[47,96337,77],{"class":65},[47,96339,69],{"class":61},[47,96341,442],{"class":65},[47,96343,9573],{"class":61},[47,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96347,86],{"class":53},[47,96349,89],{"class":61},[47,96351,82207],{"class":92},[47,96353,106],{"class":61},[47,96355,334],{"class":65},[47,96357,216],{"class":61},[47,96359,96360,96362,96364,96366],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96361,103],{"class":102},[47,96363,106],{"class":61},[47,96365,86],{"class":92},[47,96367,216],{"class":61},[20,96369,96370],{},[4015,96371,219],{},[38,96373,96375],{"className":40,"code":96374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96376,96377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96378,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96380,9542],{"class":61},[47,96382,232],{"class":65},[47,96384,69],{"class":61},[47,96386,77],{"class":65},[47,96388,69],{"class":61},[47,96390,442],{"class":65},[47,96392,69],{"class":61},[47,96394,402],{"class":65},[47,96396,9573],{"class":61},[20,96398,118,96399,96401],{},[15,96400,96307],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96403,128,96405,131],{"id":96404},"what-setadd-does",[15,96406,96312],{},[20,96408,96409,96411],{},[15,96410,96312],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[138,96413,96414,96417,96420,96423],{},[141,96415,96416],{},"Adds one item to a set",[141,96418,96419],{},"Changes the original set in place",[141,96421,96422],{},"Does not return a new set",[141,96424,96425],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96427,96428,96429,3158,96433,89],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[252,96430,96432],{"href":96431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[252,96434,96436],{"href":96435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[33,96438,259],{"id":258},[38,96440,96442],{"className":40,"code":96441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96443,96444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96447,15931],{"class":53},[47,96449,89],{"class":61},[47,96451,82207],{"class":92},[47,96453,106],{"class":61},[47,96455,2022],{"class":92},[47,96457,216],{"class":61},[20,96459,11722],{},[138,96461,96462,96467,96470],{},[141,96463,56174,96464,96466],{},[15,96465,96307],{}," on an existing set",[141,96468,96469],{},"Pass exactly one item",[141,96471,96472,96473],{},"The item must be ",[4015,96474,96475],{},"hashable",[20,96477,96478],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[138,96480,96481,96483,96485,96488],{},[141,96482,56727],{},[141,96484,56730],{},[141,96486,96487],{},"Tuples",[141,96489,40860],{},[33,96491,11739],{"id":11738},[20,96493,11742],{},[38,96495,96497],{"className":40,"code":96496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96498,96499,96523,96541,96545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96500,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96502,13339],{"class":53},[47,96504,58],{"class":57},[47,96506,10756],{"class":61},[47,96508,633],{"class":632},[47,96510,13356],{"class":636},[47,96512,633],{"class":632},[47,96514,69],{"class":61},[47,96516,644],{"class":632},[47,96518,13373],{"class":636},[47,96520,633],{"class":632},[47,96522,9573],{"class":61},[47,96524,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96526,17768],{"class":53},[47,96528,89],{"class":61},[47,96530,82207],{"class":92},[47,96532,106],{"class":61},[47,96534,633],{"class":632},[47,96536,17721],{"class":636},[47,96538,633],{"class":632},[47,96540,216],{"class":61},[47,96542,96543],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96544,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96546,96547,96549,96551,96553],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96548,103],{"class":102},[47,96550,106],{"class":61},[47,96552,17768],{"class":92},[47,96554,216],{"class":61},[20,96556,96557],{},[4015,96558,30295],{},[38,96560,96562],{"className":40,"code":96561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96563,96564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96565,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96567,9542],{"class":61},[47,96569,699],{"class":632},[47,96571,13356],{"class":636},[47,96573,699],{"class":632},[47,96575,69],{"class":61},[47,96577,708],{"class":632},[47,96579,17721],{"class":636},[47,96581,699],{"class":632},[47,96583,69],{"class":61},[47,96585,708],{"class":632},[47,96587,13373],{"class":636},[47,96589,699],{"class":632},[47,96591,9573],{"class":61},[20,96593,96594,96595,96598],{},"The new value ",[15,96596,96597],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96600,96601,96602,96605],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[4015,96603,96604],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96607,96608],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,96610,96612],{"className":40,"code":96611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96613,96614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96615,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96617,9542],{"class":61},[47,96619,699],{"class":632},[47,96621,13373],{"class":636},[47,96623,699],{"class":632},[47,96625,69],{"class":61},[47,96627,708],{"class":632},[47,96629,13356],{"class":636},[47,96631,699],{"class":632},[47,96633,69],{"class":61},[47,96635,708],{"class":632},[47,96637,17721],{"class":636},[47,96639,699],{"class":632},[47,96641,9573],{"class":61},[20,96643,96644],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[33,96646,96648],{"id":96647},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96650,96651],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,96653,96655],{"className":40,"code":96654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96656,96657,96677,96691,96695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96658,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96660,54],{"class":53},[47,96662,58],{"class":57},[47,96664,10756],{"class":61},[47,96666,232],{"class":65},[47,96668,69],{"class":61},[47,96670,77],{"class":65},[47,96672,69],{"class":61},[47,96674,442],{"class":65},[47,96676,9573],{"class":61},[47,96678,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96680,86],{"class":53},[47,96682,89],{"class":61},[47,96684,82207],{"class":92},[47,96686,106],{"class":61},[47,96688,2340],{"class":65},[47,96690,216],{"class":61},[47,96692,96693],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96694,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96696,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96698,103],{"class":102},[47,96700,106],{"class":61},[47,96702,86],{"class":92},[47,96704,216],{"class":61},[20,96706,96707],{},[4015,96708,219],{},[38,96710,96712],{"className":40,"code":96711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96713,96714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96715,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96717,9542],{"class":61},[47,96719,232],{"class":65},[47,96721,69],{"class":61},[47,96723,77],{"class":65},[47,96725,69],{"class":61},[47,96727,442],{"class":65},[47,96729,9573],{"class":61},[20,96731,96732,96733,96735],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96734,2340],{}," was already present.",[33,96737,96739,1225,96741],{"id":96738},"add-vs-update",[15,96740,96307],{},[15,96742,15218],{},[20,96744,118,96745,96747,96748,89],{},[15,96746,96307],{}," when you want to add ",[4015,96749,52926],{},[38,96751,96753],{"className":40,"code":96752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96754,96755,96779,96797,96801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96758,1639],{"class":53},[47,96760,58],{"class":57},[47,96762,10756],{"class":61},[47,96764,633],{"class":632},[47,96766,252],{"class":636},[47,96768,633],{"class":632},[47,96770,69],{"class":61},[47,96772,644],{"class":632},[47,96774,5026],{"class":636},[47,96776,633],{"class":632},[47,96778,9573],{"class":61},[47,96780,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96782,1659],{"class":53},[47,96784,89],{"class":61},[47,96786,82207],{"class":92},[47,96788,106],{"class":61},[47,96790,633],{"class":632},[47,96792,10004],{"class":636},[47,96794,633],{"class":632},[47,96796,216],{"class":61},[47,96798,96799],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96800,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96802,96803,96805,96807,96809],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96804,103],{"class":102},[47,96806,106],{"class":61},[47,96808,1659],{"class":92},[47,96810,216],{"class":61},[20,96812,118,96813,96747,96815,96818],{},[15,96814,15218],{},[4015,96816,96817],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,96820,96822],{"className":40,"code":96821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96823,96824,96848,96882,96886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96825,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96827,1639],{"class":53},[47,96829,58],{"class":57},[47,96831,10756],{"class":61},[47,96833,633],{"class":632},[47,96835,252],{"class":636},[47,96837,633],{"class":632},[47,96839,69],{"class":61},[47,96841,644],{"class":632},[47,96843,5026],{"class":636},[47,96845,633],{"class":632},[47,96847,9573],{"class":61},[47,96849,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96851,1659],{"class":53},[47,96853,89],{"class":61},[47,96855,30730],{"class":92},[47,96857,2015],{"class":61},[47,96859,633],{"class":632},[47,96861,10004],{"class":636},[47,96863,633],{"class":632},[47,96865,69],{"class":61},[47,96867,644],{"class":632},[47,96869,19032],{"class":636},[47,96871,633],{"class":632},[47,96873,69],{"class":61},[47,96875,644],{"class":632},[47,96877,60712],{"class":636},[47,96879,633],{"class":632},[47,96881,2040],{"class":61},[47,96883,96884],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96885,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96887,96888,96890,96892,96894],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96889,103],{"class":102},[47,96891,106],{"class":61},[47,96893,1659],{"class":92},[47,96895,216],{"class":61},[1404,96897,96899],{"id":96898},"key-difference","Key difference",[138,96901,96902,96907],{},[141,96903,96904,96906],{},[15,96905,96307],{}," adds one item",[141,96908,96909,96911],{},[15,96910,15218],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96913,96914,96915,89],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[252,96916,96918,96919,11006],{"href":96917},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96920,15218],{},[33,96922,17684],{"id":17683},[20,96924,96925,2057,96927,89],{},[15,96926,96312],{},[15,96928,124],{},[20,96930,96931,96932,96934],{},"That means you should ",[4015,96933,4896],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1404,96936,96938],{"id":96937},"correct","Correct",[38,96940,96942],{"className":40,"code":96941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96943,96944,96964,96978,96982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96945,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96947,15893],{"class":53},[47,96949,58],{"class":57},[47,96951,10756],{"class":61},[47,96953,232],{"class":65},[47,96955,69],{"class":61},[47,96957,77],{"class":65},[47,96959,69],{"class":61},[47,96961,442],{"class":65},[47,96963,9573],{"class":61},[47,96965,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,96967,15931],{"class":53},[47,96969,89],{"class":61},[47,96971,82207],{"class":92},[47,96973,106],{"class":61},[47,96975,334],{"class":65},[47,96977,216],{"class":61},[47,96979,96980],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,96981,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,96985,103],{"class":102},[47,96987,106],{"class":61},[47,96989,15931],{"class":92},[47,96991,216],{"class":61},[1404,96993,96994],{"id":62031},"Wrong",[38,96996,96998],{"className":40,"code":96997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96999,97000,97020,97039,97043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97003,15893],{"class":53},[47,97005,58],{"class":57},[47,97007,10756],{"class":61},[47,97009,232],{"class":65},[47,97011,69],{"class":61},[47,97013,77],{"class":65},[47,97015,69],{"class":61},[47,97017,442],{"class":65},[47,97019,9573],{"class":61},[47,97021,97022,97024,97026,97029,97031,97033,97035,97037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97023,15893],{"class":53},[47,97025,58],{"class":57},[47,97027,97028],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,97030,89],{"class":61},[47,97032,82207],{"class":92},[47,97034,106],{"class":61},[47,97036,334],{"class":65},[47,97038,216],{"class":61},[47,97040,97041],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97042,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97044,97045,97047,97049,97051],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97046,103],{"class":102},[47,97048,106],{"class":61},[47,97050,15931],{"class":92},[47,97052,216],{"class":61},[20,97054,97055],{},[4015,97056,219],{},[38,97058,97059],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97060,97061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97062,97063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97064,1490],{"class":284},[20,97066,97067],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[33,97069,97071],{"id":97070},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97073,97074],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[138,97076,97077,97079,97081,97083],{},[141,97078,56727],{},[141,97080,56730],{},[141,97082,96487],{},[141,97084,40860],{},[20,97086,318],{},[38,97088,97090],{"className":40,"code":97089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97091,97092,97102,97106,97120,97138,97156,97170,97174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97095,1536],{"class":53},[47,97097,58],{"class":57},[47,97099,15898],{"class":882},[47,97101,96],{"class":61},[47,97103,97104],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97105,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97107,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97109,1562],{"class":53},[47,97111,89],{"class":61},[47,97113,82207],{"class":92},[47,97115,106],{"class":61},[47,97117,437],{"class":65},[47,97119,216],{"class":61},[47,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97123,1562],{"class":53},[47,97125,89],{"class":61},[47,97127,82207],{"class":92},[47,97129,106],{"class":61},[47,97131,633],{"class":632},[47,97133,4118],{"class":636},[47,97135,633],{"class":632},[47,97137,216],{"class":61},[47,97139,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,97141,1562],{"class":53},[47,97143,89],{"class":61},[47,97145,82207],{"class":92},[47,97147,5777],{"class":61},[47,97149,232],{"class":65},[47,97151,69],{"class":61},[47,97153,77],{"class":65},[47,97155,1978],{"class":61},[47,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,97159,1562],{"class":53},[47,97161,89],{"class":61},[47,97163,82207],{"class":92},[47,97165,106],{"class":61},[47,97167,367],{"class":284},[47,97169,216],{"class":61},[47,97171,97172],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,97173,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97175,97176,97178,97180,97182],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,97177,103],{"class":102},[47,97179,106],{"class":61},[47,97181,1562],{"class":92},[47,97183,216],{"class":61},[20,97185,97186],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[138,97188,97189,97192,97195],{},[141,97190,97191],{},"Lists",[141,97193,97194],{},"Dictionaries",[141,97196,97197],{},"Sets",[20,97199,97200],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,97202,97204],{"className":40,"code":97203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97205,97206,97226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97207,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97209,1536],{"class":53},[47,97211,58],{"class":57},[47,97213,10756],{"class":61},[47,97215,232],{"class":65},[47,97217,69],{"class":61},[47,97219,77],{"class":65},[47,97221,69],{"class":61},[47,97223,442],{"class":65},[47,97225,9573],{"class":61},[47,97227,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97229,1562],{"class":53},[47,97231,89],{"class":61},[47,97233,82207],{"class":92},[47,97235,2015],{"class":61},[47,97237,334],{"class":65},[47,97239,69],{"class":61},[47,97241,241],{"class":65},[47,97243,2040],{"class":61},[20,97245,97246],{},[4015,97247,29946],{},[38,97249,97251],{"className":40,"code":97250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97252,97253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97254,97255,97257,97259,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97256,1574],{"class":882},[47,97258,136],{"class":61},[47,97260,97261],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97263,1971],{"class":882},[47,97265,136],{"class":61},[47,97267,708],{"class":632},[47,97269,8358],{"class":636},[47,97271,29965],{"class":632},[20,97273,97274],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97276,97277,97278,89],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97279,97280],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[33,97282,1397],{"id":1396},[20,97284,14998,97285,136],{},[15,97286,96312],{},[138,97288,97289,97294,97299,97302,97309],{},[141,97290,8681,97291,97293],{},[15,97292,96307],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[141,97295,8717,97296,97298],{},[15,97297,96307],{}," to return the updated set",[141,97300,97301],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[141,97303,37468,97304,97306,97307],{},[15,97305,96312],{}," with list ",[15,97308,52922],{},[141,97310,97311],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97313,71765],{},[38,97315,97317],{"className":40,"code":97316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97318,97319,97329,97343,97353,97367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97320,97321,97323,97325,97327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97322,103],{"class":102},[47,97324,106],{"class":61},[47,97326,15931],{"class":92},[47,97328,216],{"class":61},[47,97330,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97332,103],{"class":102},[47,97334,106],{"class":61},[47,97336,1971],{"class":882},[47,97338,106],{"class":61},[47,97340,15931],{"class":92},[47,97342,1978],{"class":61},[47,97344,97345,97347,97349,97351],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97346,103],{"class":102},[47,97348,106],{"class":61},[47,97350,2753],{"class":92},[47,97352,216],{"class":61},[47,97354,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97356,103],{"class":102},[47,97358,106],{"class":61},[47,97360,1971],{"class":882},[47,97362,106],{"class":61},[47,97364,2753],{"class":92},[47,97366,1978],{"class":61},[47,97368,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,97370,32419],{"class":102},[47,97372,106],{"class":61},[47,97374,6551],{"class":882},[47,97376,89],{"class":61},[47,97378,82207],{"class":888},[47,97380,216],{"class":61},[20,97382,97383,97384,97386,97387,89],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97385,96312],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[252,97388,53319],{"href":97389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[33,97391,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,97393,2082,97395,97397],{"id":97394},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97396,96312],{}," return a new set?",[20,97399,97400,97401,89],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97402,124],{},[1404,97404,97406],{"id":97405},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97408,97409],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1404,97411,97413],{"id":97412},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97415,118,97416,11358,97419,89],{},[15,97417,97418],{},"set.update()",[15,97420,96307],{},[1404,97422,97424],{"id":97423},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97426,97427,97428,89],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97429,1574],{},[33,97431,2187],{"id":2186},[138,97433,97434,97438,97443],{},[141,97435,97436],{},[252,97437,96432],{"href":96431},[141,97439,97440],{},[252,97441,97442],{"href":96435},"How to create a set in Python",[141,97444,97445],{},[252,97446,96918,97447,11006],{"href":96917},[15,97448,15218],{},[20,97450,97451,97452,97454],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97453,96307],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2210,97456,97457],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":97459},[97460,97461,97463,97464,97465,97466,97470,97474,97475,97476,97483],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":96404,"depth":83,"text":97462},"What set.add() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":96647,"depth":83,"text":96648},{"id":96738,"depth":83,"text":97467,"children":97468},"add() vs update()",[97469],{"id":96898,"depth":99,"text":96899},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684,"children":97471},[97472,97473],{"id":96937,"depth":99,"text":96938},{"id":62031,"depth":99,"text":96994},{"id":97070,"depth":83,"text":97071},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":97477},[97478,97480,97481,97482],{"id":97394,"depth":99,"text":97479},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97405,"depth":99,"text":97406},{"id":97412,"depth":99,"text":97413},{"id":97423,"depth":99,"text":97424},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96298,"description":97484},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97491,"title":97492,"body":97493,"description":98662,"extension":2248,"meta":98663,"navigation":203,"path":98664,"seo":98665,"stem":98666,"__hash__":98667},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97494,"toc":98629},[97495,97500,97506,97513,97558,97560,97571,97576,97581,97585,97599,97604,97606,97608,97623,97625,97639,97641,97643,97708,97710,97720,97722,97740,97746,97753,97758,97832,97834,97851,97857,97862,97933,97935,97962,97979,97982,97988,97990,97997,98001,98068,98070,98085,98088,98141,98143,98151,98163,98165,98169,98174,98176,98225,98227,98235,98237,98282,98284,98294,98300,98308,98321,98327,98329,98358,98360,98378,98382,98385,98416,98418,98436,98440,98515,98517,98533,98540,98542,98547,98552,98558,98561,98565,98573,98580,98588,98590,98626],[10,97496,96304,97498,18],{"id":97497},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97499,11586],{},[20,97501,97502,97505],{},[15,97503,97504],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97507,97508,97509,97512],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[4015,97510,97511],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,97514,97516],{"className":40,"code":97515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97517,97518,97538,97548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97519,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97521,54],{"class":53},[47,97523,58],{"class":57},[47,97525,10756],{"class":61},[47,97527,232],{"class":65},[47,97529,69],{"class":61},[47,97531,77],{"class":65},[47,97533,69],{"class":61},[47,97535,442],{"class":65},[47,97537,9573],{"class":61},[47,97539,97540,97542,97544,97546],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97541,86],{"class":53},[47,97543,89],{"class":61},[47,97545,11647],{"class":92},[47,97547,96],{"class":61},[47,97549,97550,97552,97554,97556],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97551,103],{"class":102},[47,97553,106],{"class":61},[47,97555,86],{"class":92},[47,97557,216],{"class":61},[20,97559,219],{},[38,97561,97563],{"className":40,"code":97562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,97564,97565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97566,97567,97569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97568,6551],{"class":882},[47,97570,96],{"class":61},[20,97572,97573,97575],{},[15,97574,11586],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[33,97577,128,97579,131],{"id":97578},"what-setclear-does",[15,97580,97504],{},[20,97582,956,97583,11677],{},[15,97584,11586],{},[138,97586,97587,97590,97592,97596],{},[141,97588,97589],{},"Removes every item from a set",[141,97591,96419],{},[141,97593,149,97594],{},[15,97595,124],{},[141,97597,97598],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97600,96428,97601,71864],{},[252,97602,96432],{"href":97603},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[33,97605,259],{"id":258},[20,97607,54715],{},[38,97609,97611],{"className":40,"code":97610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97612,97613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97614,97615,97617,97619,97621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97616,15931],{"class":53},[47,97618,89],{"class":61},[47,97620,11647],{"class":92},[47,97622,96],{"class":61},[20,97624,13315],{},[138,97626,97627,97630,97633,97636],{},[141,97628,97629],{},"It takes no arguments",[141,97631,97632],{},"It empties the set",[141,97634,97635],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[141,97637,97638],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[33,97640,11739],{"id":11738},[20,97642,11742],{},[38,97644,97646],{"className":40,"code":97645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97647,97648,97680,97684,97694,97698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97649,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674,97676,97678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97651,13339],{"class":53},[47,97653,58],{"class":57},[47,97655,10756],{"class":61},[47,97657,633],{"class":632},[47,97659,13356],{"class":636},[47,97661,633],{"class":632},[47,97663,69],{"class":61},[47,97665,644],{"class":632},[47,97667,17721],{"class":636},[47,97669,633],{"class":632},[47,97671,69],{"class":61},[47,97673,644],{"class":632},[47,97675,13373],{"class":636},[47,97677,633],{"class":632},[47,97679,9573],{"class":61},[47,97681,97682],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97683,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97685,97686,97688,97690,97692],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97687,17768],{"class":53},[47,97689,89],{"class":61},[47,97691,11647],{"class":92},[47,97693,96],{"class":61},[47,97695,97696],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97697,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97699,97700,97702,97704,97706],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,97701,103],{"class":102},[47,97703,106],{"class":61},[47,97705,17768],{"class":92},[47,97707,216],{"class":61},[20,97709,219],{},[38,97711,97712],{"className":40,"code":97562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97713,97714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97715,97716,97718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97717,6551],{"class":882},[47,97719,96],{"class":61},[20,97721,11948],{},[138,97723,97724,97729,97734],{},[141,97725,97726,97728],{},[15,97727,17768],{}," starts with three values",[141,97730,97731,11961],{},[15,97732,97733],{},"colors.clear()",[141,97735,97736,97737,97739],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97738,4069],{},", which means an empty set",[33,97741,97743,97745],{"id":97742},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97744,11586],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97747,97748,1233,97750,97752],{},[15,97749,11586],{},[15,97751,4069],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1404,97754,8681,97756],{"id":97755},"using-clear",[15,97757,11586],{},[38,97759,97761],{"className":40,"code":97760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97762,97763,97783,97793,97797,97807,97811,97821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97764,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779,97781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97766,1536],{"class":53},[47,97768,58],{"class":57},[47,97770,10756],{"class":61},[47,97772,232],{"class":65},[47,97774,69],{"class":61},[47,97776,77],{"class":65},[47,97778,69],{"class":61},[47,97780,442],{"class":65},[47,97782,9573],{"class":61},[47,97784,97785,97788,97790],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97786,97787],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97789,58],{"class":57},[47,97791,97792],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97794,97795],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97796,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97800,1562],{"class":53},[47,97802,89],{"class":61},[47,97804,11647],{"class":92},[47,97806,96],{"class":61},[47,97808,97809],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,97810,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97812,97813,97815,97817,97819],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,97814,103],{"class":102},[47,97816,106],{"class":61},[47,97818,1562],{"class":92},[47,97820,216],{"class":61},[47,97822,97823,97825,97827,97830],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,97824,103],{"class":102},[47,97826,106],{"class":61},[47,97828,97829],{"class":92},"other_name",[47,97831,216],{"class":61},[20,97833,219],{},[38,97835,97837],{"className":40,"code":97836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97838,97839,97845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97840,97841,97843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97842,6551],{"class":882},[47,97844,96],{"class":61},[47,97846,97847,97849],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97848,6551],{"class":882},[47,97850,96],{"class":61},[20,97852,97853,97854,89],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[4015,97855,97856],{},"same set object",[1404,97858,8681,97860],{"id":97859},"using-set",[15,97861,4069],{},[38,97863,97865],{"className":40,"code":97864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97866,97867,97887,97895,97899,97909,97913,97923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97868,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881,97883,97885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97870,1536],{"class":53},[47,97872,58],{"class":57},[47,97874,10756],{"class":61},[47,97876,232],{"class":65},[47,97878,69],{"class":61},[47,97880,77],{"class":65},[47,97882,69],{"class":61},[47,97884,442],{"class":65},[47,97886,9573],{"class":61},[47,97888,97889,97891,97893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97890,97787],{"class":53},[47,97892,58],{"class":57},[47,97894,97792],{"class":53},[47,97896,97897],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,97898,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97900,97901,97903,97905,97907],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,97902,1536],{"class":53},[47,97904,58],{"class":57},[47,97906,15898],{"class":882},[47,97908,96],{"class":61},[47,97910,97911],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,97912,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,97914,97915,97917,97919,97921],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,97916,103],{"class":102},[47,97918,106],{"class":61},[47,97920,1562],{"class":92},[47,97922,216],{"class":61},[47,97924,97925,97927,97929,97931],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,97926,103],{"class":102},[47,97928,106],{"class":61},[47,97930,97829],{"class":92},[47,97932,216],{"class":61},[20,97934,219],{},[38,97936,97938],{"className":40,"code":97937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97939,97940,97946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97941,97942,97944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97943,6551],{"class":882},[47,97945,96],{"class":61},[47,97947,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,97949,9542],{"class":61},[47,97951,232],{"class":65},[47,97953,69],{"class":61},[47,97955,77],{"class":65},[47,97957,69],{"class":61},[47,97959,442],{"class":65},[47,97961,9573],{"class":61},[20,97963,21036,97964,93196,97967,97970,97971,89,97973,97975,97976,97978],{},[15,97965,97966],{},"items = set()",[4015,97968,97969],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97972,1562],{},[10111,97974],{},"\nBut ",[15,97977,97829],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97980,97981],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97983,97984,97985,89],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[252,97986,96436],{"href":97987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[33,97989,17684],{"id":17683},[20,97991,97992,14318,97994,97996],{},[15,97993,11586],{},[4015,97995,4896],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97998,5414,97999,89],{},[15,98000,124],{},[38,98002,98004],{"className":40,"code":98003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98005,98006,98026,98030,98044,98048,98058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98007,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022,98024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98009,54],{"class":53},[47,98011,58],{"class":57},[47,98013,10756],{"class":61},[47,98015,232],{"class":65},[47,98017,69],{"class":61},[47,98019,77],{"class":65},[47,98021,69],{"class":61},[47,98023,442],{"class":65},[47,98025,9573],{"class":61},[47,98027,98028],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98029,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98031,98032,98034,98036,98038,98040,98042],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98033,1442],{"class":53},[47,98035,58],{"class":57},[47,98037,1447],{"class":53},[47,98039,89],{"class":61},[47,98041,11647],{"class":92},[47,98043,96],{"class":61},[47,98045,98046],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,98047,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98049,98050,98052,98054,98056],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,98051,103],{"class":102},[47,98053,106],{"class":61},[47,98055,1466],{"class":92},[47,98057,216],{"class":61},[47,98059,98060,98062,98064,98066],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,98061,103],{"class":102},[47,98063,106],{"class":61},[47,98065,86],{"class":92},[47,98067,216],{"class":61},[20,98069,219],{},[38,98071,98073],{"className":40,"code":98072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,98074,98075,98079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98076,98077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98078,1490],{"class":284},[47,98080,98081,98083],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98082,6551],{"class":882},[47,98084,96],{"class":61},[20,98086,98087],{},"Do not do this:",[38,98089,98091],{"className":40,"code":98090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98092,98093,98113,98127,98131],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98094,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98096,54],{"class":53},[47,98098,58],{"class":57},[47,98100,10756],{"class":61},[47,98102,232],{"class":65},[47,98104,69],{"class":61},[47,98106,77],{"class":65},[47,98108,69],{"class":61},[47,98110,442],{"class":65},[47,98112,9573],{"class":61},[47,98114,98115,98117,98119,98121,98123,98125],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98116,54],{"class":53},[47,98118,58],{"class":57},[47,98120,1447],{"class":53},[47,98122,89],{"class":61},[47,98124,11647],{"class":92},[47,98126,96],{"class":61},[47,98128,98129],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98130,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98132,98133,98135,98137,98139],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,98134,103],{"class":102},[47,98136,106],{"class":61},[47,98138,86],{"class":92},[47,98140,216],{"class":61},[20,98142,219],{},[38,98144,98145],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98146,98147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98148,98149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98150,1490],{"class":284},[20,98152,22455,98153,2057,98155,98157,98158,98160,98161,89],{},[15,98154,54828],{},[15,98156,124],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98159,124],{}," back to ",[15,98162,86],{},[33,98164,4784],{"id":4783},[20,98166,11013,98167,89],{},[15,98168,97504],{},[1404,98170,1407,98172],{"id":98171},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98173,11586],{},[20,98175,1590],{},[38,98177,98179],{"className":40,"code":98178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98180,98181,98201,98215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98184,15893],{"class":53},[47,98186,58],{"class":57},[47,98188,10756],{"class":61},[47,98190,232],{"class":65},[47,98192,69],{"class":61},[47,98194,77],{"class":65},[47,98196,69],{"class":61},[47,98198,442],{"class":65},[47,98200,9573],{"class":61},[47,98202,98203,98205,98207,98209,98211,98213],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98204,15893],{"class":53},[47,98206,58],{"class":57},[47,98208,97028],{"class":53},[47,98210,89],{"class":61},[47,98212,11647],{"class":92},[47,98214,96],{"class":61},[47,98216,98217,98219,98221,98223],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98218,103],{"class":102},[47,98220,106],{"class":61},[47,98222,15931],{"class":92},[47,98224,216],{"class":61},[20,98226,219],{},[38,98228,98229],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98230,98231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98232,98233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98234,1490],{"class":284},[20,98236,16920],{},[38,98238,98240],{"className":40,"code":98239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98241,98242,98262,98272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98243,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98245,15893],{"class":53},[47,98247,58],{"class":57},[47,98249,10756],{"class":61},[47,98251,232],{"class":65},[47,98253,69],{"class":61},[47,98255,77],{"class":65},[47,98257,69],{"class":61},[47,98259,442],{"class":65},[47,98261,9573],{"class":61},[47,98263,98264,98266,98268,98270],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98265,15931],{"class":53},[47,98267,89],{"class":61},[47,98269,11647],{"class":92},[47,98271,96],{"class":61},[47,98273,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98275,103],{"class":102},[47,98277,106],{"class":61},[47,98279,15931],{"class":92},[47,98281,216],{"class":61},[20,98283,219],{},[38,98285,98286],{"className":40,"code":97562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98287,98288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98289,98290,98292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98291,6551],{"class":882},[47,98293,96],{"class":61},[1404,98295,8717,98297,98299],{"id":98296},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98298,11586],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98301,98302,98304,98305,98307],{},[15,98303,11586],{}," removes ",[4015,98306,3987],{}," items from the set.",[20,98309,98310,98311,3158,98316,89],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[252,98312,98314],{"href":98313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98315,55795],{},[252,98317,98319],{"href":98318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98320,13025],{},[1404,98322,8681,98324,98326],{"id":98323},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98325,4064],{}," for an empty set",[20,98328,1412],{},[38,98330,98332],{"className":40,"code":98331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98333,98334,98343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98335,98336,98339,98341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98337,98338],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98340,58],{"class":57},[47,98342,10103],{"class":61},[47,98344,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98356],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98346,103],{"class":102},[47,98348,106],{"class":61},[47,98350,1971],{"class":882},[47,98352,106],{"class":61},[47,98354,98355],{"class":92},"empty_value",[47,98357,1978],{"class":61},[20,98359,219],{},[38,98361,98362],{"className":40,"code":9072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98363,98364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98365,98366,98368,98370,98372,98374,98376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98367,3568],{"class":57},[47,98369,3571],{"class":2348},[47,98371,708],{"class":632},[47,98373,9085],{"class":636},[47,98375,699],{"class":632},[47,98377,3580],{"class":57},[20,98379,98380,9052],{},[15,98381,4064],{},[20,98383,98384],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,98386,98388],{"className":40,"code":98387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98389,98390,98401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98391,98392,98395,98397,98399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98393,98394],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98396,58],{"class":57},[47,98398,15898],{"class":882},[47,98400,96],{"class":61},[47,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98414],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98404,103],{"class":102},[47,98406,106],{"class":61},[47,98408,1971],{"class":882},[47,98410,106],{"class":61},[47,98412,98413],{"class":92},"empty_set",[47,98415,1978],{"class":61},[20,98417,219],{},[38,98419,98420],{"className":40,"code":9116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98421,98422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98425,3568],{"class":57},[47,98427,3571],{"class":2348},[47,98429,708],{"class":632},[47,98431,6551],{"class":636},[47,98433,699],{"class":632},[47,98435,3580],{"class":57},[1404,98437,98439],{"id":98438},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,98441,98443],{"className":40,"code":98442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98444,98445,98469,98477,98481,98491,98495,98505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98446,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463,98465,98467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98448,2834],{"class":53},[47,98450,58],{"class":57},[47,98452,10756],{"class":61},[47,98454,633],{"class":632},[47,98456,2456],{"class":636},[47,98458,633],{"class":632},[47,98460,69],{"class":61},[47,98462,644],{"class":632},[47,98464,1739],{"class":636},[47,98466,633],{"class":632},[47,98468,9573],{"class":61},[47,98470,98471,98473,98475],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98472,2862],{"class":53},[47,98474,58],{"class":57},[47,98476,36440],{"class":53},[47,98478,98479],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98480,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98482,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,98484,252],{"class":53},[47,98486,89],{"class":61},[47,98488,11647],{"class":92},[47,98490,96],{"class":61},[47,98492,98493],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,98494,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98496,98497,98499,98501,98503],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,98498,103],{"class":102},[47,98500,106],{"class":61},[47,98502,252],{"class":92},[47,98504,216],{"class":61},[47,98506,98507,98509,98511,98513],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,98508,103],{"class":102},[47,98510,106],{"class":61},[47,98512,5026],{"class":92},[47,98514,216],{"class":61},[20,98516,219],{},[38,98518,98519],{"className":40,"code":97836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98520,98521,98527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98522,98523,98525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98524,6551],{"class":882},[47,98526,96],{"class":61},[47,98528,98529,98531],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98530,6551],{"class":882},[47,98532,96],{"class":61},[20,98534,29326,98535,1233,98537,98539],{},[15,98536,252],{},[15,98538,5026],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[33,98541,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,98543,5408,98545,5411],{"id":98544},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98546,97504],{},[20,98548,5414,98549,98551],{},[15,98550,124],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1404,98553,2082,98555,98557],{"id":98554},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98556,11586],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98559,98560],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1404,98562,98564],{"id":98563},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98566,98567,98568,98570,98571,89],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98569,11586],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98572,4069],{},[1404,98574,2094,98576,1233,98578,2099],{"id":98575},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98577,11586],{},[15,98579,4069],{},[20,98581,98582,98584,98585,98587],{},[15,98583,11586],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98586,4069],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[33,98589,2187],{"id":2186},[138,98591,98592,98596,98600,98607,98613,98619],{},[141,98593,98594],{},[252,98595,96432],{"href":97603},[141,98597,98598],{},[252,98599,97442],{"href":97987},[141,98601,98602],{},[252,98603,96918,98605,11006],{"href":98604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98606,96307],{},[141,98608,98609],{},[252,98610,96918,98611,11006],{"href":98313},[15,98612,55795],{},[141,98614,98615],{},[252,98616,96918,98617,11006],{"href":98318},[15,98618,13025],{},[141,98620,98621],{},[252,98622,96918,98624,11006],{"href":98623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98625,15218],{},[2210,98627,98628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":98630},[98631,98633,98634,98635,98642,98643,98652,98661],{"id":97578,"depth":83,"text":98632},"What set.clear() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":97742,"depth":83,"text":98636,"children":98637},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98638,98640],{"id":97755,"depth":99,"text":98639},"Using clear()",{"id":97859,"depth":99,"text":98641},"Using set()",{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":98644},[98645,98647,98649,98651],{"id":98171,"depth":99,"text":98646},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98296,"depth":99,"text":98648},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98323,"depth":99,"text":98650},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98438,"depth":99,"text":98439},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":98653},[98654,98656,98658,98659],{"id":98544,"depth":99,"text":98655},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98554,"depth":99,"text":98657},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98563,"depth":99,"text":98564},{"id":98575,"depth":99,"text":98660},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97492,"description":98662},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98669,"title":98670,"body":98671,"description":100503,"extension":2248,"meta":100504,"navigation":203,"path":96435,"seo":100505,"stem":100506,"__hash__":100507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98672,"toc":100460},[98673,98676,98679,98682,98684,98787,98791,98838,98844,98846,98865,98869,98872,98874,98888,98897,98901,98904,98939,98943,98963,98966,98970,98973,99034,99038,99063,99070,99076,99081,99083,99095,99099,99148,99152,99176,99183,99187,99228,99232,99253,99257,99290,99294,99335,99338,99342,99347,99386,99390,99415,99420,99426,99463,99467,99490,99494,99496,99499,99502,99579,99583,99620,99623,99627,99633,99636,99646,99695,99701,99707,99734,99737,99759,99761,99792,99795,99799,99803,99842,99846,99909,99912,99945,99949,99974,99976,99979,99985,99988,100015,100018,100036,100040,100044,100047,100090,100093,100097,100100,100103,100133,100136,100140,100143,100158,100163,100167,100170,100259,100261,100264,100354,100357,100375,100377,100381,100391,100395,100403,100407,100410,100414,100417,100421,100424,100426,100454,100457],[10,98674,98670],{"id":98675},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98677,98678],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98680,98681],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[33,98683,3884],{"id":3883},[38,98685,98687],{"className":40,"code":98686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98688,98689,98709,98743,98753,98757,98767,98777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98690,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98692,54],{"class":53},[47,98694,58],{"class":57},[47,98696,10756],{"class":61},[47,98698,232],{"class":65},[47,98700,69],{"class":61},[47,98702,77],{"class":65},[47,98704,69],{"class":61},[47,98706,442],{"class":65},[47,98708,9573],{"class":61},[47,98710,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98712,625],{"class":53},[47,98714,58],{"class":57},[47,98716,15898],{"class":882},[47,98718,2015],{"class":61},[47,98720,633],{"class":632},[47,98722,647],{"class":636},[47,98724,633],{"class":632},[47,98726,69],{"class":61},[47,98728,644],{"class":632},[47,98730,637],{"class":636},[47,98732,633],{"class":632},[47,98734,69],{"class":61},[47,98736,644],{"class":632},[47,98738,647],{"class":636},[47,98740,633],{"class":632},[47,98742,2040],{"class":61},[47,98744,98745,98747,98749,98751],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98746,98394],{"class":53},[47,98748,58],{"class":57},[47,98750,15898],{"class":882},[47,98752,96],{"class":61},[47,98754,98755],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,98756,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,98758,98759,98761,98763,98765],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,98760,103],{"class":102},[47,98762,106],{"class":61},[47,98764,86],{"class":92},[47,98766,216],{"class":61},[47,98768,98769,98771,98773,98775],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,98770,103],{"class":102},[47,98772,106],{"class":61},[47,98774,665],{"class":92},[47,98776,216],{"class":61},[47,98778,98779,98781,98783,98785],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,98780,103],{"class":102},[47,98782,106],{"class":61},[47,98784,98413],{"class":92},[47,98786,216],{"class":61},[20,98788,98789],{},[4015,98790,219],{},[38,98792,98794],{"className":40,"code":98793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98795,98796,98812,98832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98797,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98799,9542],{"class":61},[47,98801,232],{"class":65},[47,98803,69],{"class":61},[47,98805,77],{"class":65},[47,98807,69],{"class":61},[47,98809,442],{"class":65},[47,98811,9573],{"class":61},[47,98813,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98815,9542],{"class":61},[47,98817,699],{"class":632},[47,98819,637],{"class":636},[47,98821,699],{"class":632},[47,98823,69],{"class":61},[47,98825,708],{"class":632},[47,98827,647],{"class":636},[47,98829,699],{"class":632},[47,98831,9573],{"class":61},[47,98833,98834,98836],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,98835,6551],{"class":882},[47,98837,96],{"class":61},[20,98839,98840,98841,98843],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98842,4069],{}," for an empty set.",[33,98845,15427],{"id":15426},[138,98847,98848,98851,98856,98859,98862],{},[141,98849,98850],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[141,98852,98853,98854],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98855,4069],{},[141,98857,98858],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[141,98860,98861],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[141,98863,98864],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[33,98866,98868],{"id":98867},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98870,98871],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98873,30806],{},[138,98875,98876,98879,98882,98885],{},[141,98877,98878],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[141,98880,98881],{},"Sets are unordered",[141,98883,98884],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[141,98886,98887],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98889,98890,98891,3158,98893,89],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[252,98892,96432],{"href":97603},[252,98894,98896],{"href":98895},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[33,98898,98900],{"id":98899},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98902,98903],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,98905,98907],{"className":40,"code":98906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98908,98909,98929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98910,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98912,54],{"class":53},[47,98914,58],{"class":57},[47,98916,10756],{"class":61},[47,98918,232],{"class":65},[47,98920,69],{"class":61},[47,98922,77],{"class":65},[47,98924,69],{"class":61},[47,98926,442],{"class":65},[47,98928,9573],{"class":61},[47,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,98932,103],{"class":102},[47,98934,106],{"class":61},[47,98936,86],{"class":92},[47,98938,216],{"class":61},[20,98940,98941],{},[4015,98942,30295],{},[38,98944,98945],{"className":40,"code":96711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98946,98947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98948,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98950,9542],{"class":61},[47,98952,232],{"class":65},[47,98954,69],{"class":61},[47,98956,77],{"class":65},[47,98958,69],{"class":61},[47,98960,442],{"class":65},[47,98962,9573],{"class":61},[20,98964,98965],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1404,98967,98969],{"id":98968},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98971,98972],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,98974,98976],{"className":40,"code":98975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98977,98978,99010,99020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98981,54],{"class":53},[47,98983,58],{"class":57},[47,98985,10756],{"class":61},[47,98987,232],{"class":65},[47,98989,69],{"class":61},[47,98991,77],{"class":65},[47,98993,69],{"class":61},[47,98995,77],{"class":65},[47,98997,69],{"class":61},[47,98999,442],{"class":65},[47,99001,69],{"class":61},[47,99003,442],{"class":65},[47,99005,69],{"class":61},[47,99007,442],{"class":65},[47,99009,9573],{"class":61},[47,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99013,103],{"class":102},[47,99015,106],{"class":61},[47,99017,86],{"class":92},[47,99019,216],{"class":61},[47,99021,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,99023,103],{"class":102},[47,99025,106],{"class":61},[47,99027,969],{"class":102},[47,99029,106],{"class":61},[47,99031,86],{"class":92},[47,99033,1978],{"class":61},[20,99035,99036],{},[4015,99037,30295],{},[38,99039,99041],{"className":40,"code":99040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99042,99043,99059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99044,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99046,9542],{"class":61},[47,99048,232],{"class":65},[47,99050,69],{"class":61},[47,99052,77],{"class":65},[47,99054,69],{"class":61},[47,99056,442],{"class":65},[47,99058,9573],{"class":61},[47,99060,99061],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99062,46885],{"class":65},[20,99064,21243,99065,1233,99067,99069],{},[15,99066,2340],{},[15,99068,66],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[33,99071,99073,99074],{"id":99072},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99075,4069],{},[20,99077,118,99078,99080],{},[15,99079,4069],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99082,5724],{},[138,99084,99085,99087,99089,99091],{},[141,99086,97191],{},[141,99088,96487],{},[141,99090,56730],{},[141,99092,99093],{},[15,99094,36463],{},[1404,99096,99098],{"id":99097},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,99100,99102],{"className":40,"code":99101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99103,99104,99138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99105,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132,99134,99136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99107,54],{"class":53},[47,99109,58],{"class":57},[47,99111,15898],{"class":882},[47,99113,2015],{"class":61},[47,99115,232],{"class":65},[47,99117,69],{"class":61},[47,99119,77],{"class":65},[47,99121,69],{"class":61},[47,99123,77],{"class":65},[47,99125,69],{"class":61},[47,99127,442],{"class":65},[47,99129,69],{"class":61},[47,99131,442],{"class":65},[47,99133,69],{"class":61},[47,99135,402],{"class":65},[47,99137,2040],{"class":61},[47,99139,99140,99142,99144,99146],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99141,103],{"class":102},[47,99143,106],{"class":61},[47,99145,86],{"class":92},[47,99147,216],{"class":61},[20,99149,99150],{},[4015,99151,30295],{},[38,99153,99154],{"className":40,"code":96374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99155,99156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99157,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99159,9542],{"class":61},[47,99161,232],{"class":65},[47,99163,69],{"class":61},[47,99165,77],{"class":65},[47,99167,69],{"class":61},[47,99169,442],{"class":65},[47,99171,69],{"class":61},[47,99173,402],{"class":65},[47,99175,9573],{"class":61},[20,99177,99178,99179,89],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[252,99180,99182],{"href":99181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1404,99184,99186],{"id":99185},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,99188,99190],{"className":40,"code":99189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99191,99192,99218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99193,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99195,4095],{"class":53},[47,99197,58],{"class":57},[47,99199,15898],{"class":882},[47,99201,5777],{"class":61},[47,99203,437],{"class":65},[47,99205,69],{"class":61},[47,99207,8054],{"class":65},[47,99209,69],{"class":61},[47,99211,8054],{"class":65},[47,99213,69],{"class":61},[47,99215,8059],{"class":65},[47,99217,1978],{"class":61},[47,99219,99220,99222,99224,99226],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99221,103],{"class":102},[47,99223,106],{"class":61},[47,99225,5625],{"class":92},[47,99227,216],{"class":61},[20,99229,99230],{},[4015,99231,30295],{},[38,99233,99235],{"className":40,"code":99234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99236,99237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99238,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99240,9542],{"class":61},[47,99242,437],{"class":65},[47,99244,69],{"class":61},[47,99246,8054],{"class":65},[47,99248,69],{"class":61},[47,99250,8059],{"class":65},[47,99252,9573],{"class":61},[1404,99254,99256],{"id":99255},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,99258,99260],{"className":40,"code":99259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99261,99262,99280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99265,1639],{"class":53},[47,99267,58],{"class":57},[47,99269,15898],{"class":882},[47,99271,106],{"class":61},[47,99273,633],{"class":632},[47,99275,4118],{"class":636},[47,99277,633],{"class":632},[47,99279,216],{"class":61},[47,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99283,103],{"class":102},[47,99285,106],{"class":61},[47,99287,1659],{"class":92},[47,99289,216],{"class":61},[20,99291,99292],{},[4015,99293,30295],{},[38,99295,99297],{"className":40,"code":99296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99298,99299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99302,9542],{"class":61},[47,99304,699],{"class":632},[47,99306,1695],{"class":636},[47,99308,699],{"class":632},[47,99310,69],{"class":61},[47,99312,708],{"class":632},[47,99314,60712],{"class":636},[47,99316,699],{"class":632},[47,99318,69],{"class":61},[47,99320,708],{"class":632},[47,99322,60721],{"class":636},[47,99324,699],{"class":632},[47,99326,69],{"class":61},[47,99328,708],{"class":632},[47,99330,1713],{"class":636},[47,99332,699],{"class":632},[47,99334,9573],{"class":61},[20,99336,99337],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[33,99339,99341],{"id":99340},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99343,99344,99345,89],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99346,4069],{},[38,99348,99350],{"className":40,"code":99349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99351,99352,99362,99372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99353,99354,99356,99358,99360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99355,98394],{"class":53},[47,99357,58],{"class":57},[47,99359,15898],{"class":882},[47,99361,96],{"class":61},[47,99363,99364,99366,99368,99370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99365,103],{"class":102},[47,99367,106],{"class":61},[47,99369,98413],{"class":92},[47,99371,216],{"class":61},[47,99373,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,99375,103],{"class":102},[47,99377,106],{"class":61},[47,99379,1971],{"class":882},[47,99381,106],{"class":61},[47,99383,98413],{"class":92},[47,99385,1978],{"class":61},[20,99387,99388],{},[4015,99389,219],{},[38,99391,99393],{"className":40,"code":99392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99394,99395,99401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99396,99397,99399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99398,6551],{"class":882},[47,99400,96],{"class":61},[47,99402,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99404,3568],{"class":57},[47,99406,3571],{"class":2348},[47,99408,708],{"class":632},[47,99410,6551],{"class":636},[47,99412,699],{"class":632},[47,99414,3580],{"class":57},[1404,99416,44696,99418],{"id":99417},"do-not-use",[15,99419,4064],{},[20,99421,99422,99423,99425],{},"Empty braces do ",[4015,99424,4896],{}," create a set.",[38,99427,99429],{"className":40,"code":99428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99430,99431,99439,99449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99432,99433,99435,99437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99434,98338],{"class":53},[47,99436,58],{"class":57},[47,99438,10103],{"class":61},[47,99440,99441,99443,99445,99447],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99442,103],{"class":102},[47,99444,106],{"class":61},[47,99446,98355],{"class":92},[47,99448,216],{"class":61},[47,99450,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,99452,103],{"class":102},[47,99454,106],{"class":61},[47,99456,1971],{"class":882},[47,99458,106],{"class":61},[47,99460,98355],{"class":92},[47,99462,1978],{"class":61},[20,99464,99465],{},[4015,99466,219],{},[38,99468,99470],{"className":40,"code":99469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99471,99472,99476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99473,99474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99475,9699],{"class":61},[47,99477,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99479,3568],{"class":57},[47,99481,3571],{"class":2348},[47,99483,708],{"class":632},[47,99485,9085],{"class":636},[47,99487,699],{"class":632},[47,99489,3580],{"class":57},[20,99491,99492,9052],{},[15,99493,4064],{},[33,99495,72528],{"id":72527},[20,99497,99498],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99500,99501],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,99503,99505],{"className":40,"code":99504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99506,99507,99555,99565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99508,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99510,625],{"class":53},[47,99512,58],{"class":57},[47,99514,10756],{"class":61},[47,99516,633],{"class":632},[47,99518,647],{"class":636},[47,99520,633],{"class":632},[47,99522,69],{"class":61},[47,99524,644],{"class":632},[47,99526,637],{"class":636},[47,99528,633],{"class":632},[47,99530,69],{"class":61},[47,99532,644],{"class":632},[47,99534,647],{"class":636},[47,99536,633],{"class":632},[47,99538,69],{"class":61},[47,99540,644],{"class":632},[47,99542,647],{"class":636},[47,99544,633],{"class":632},[47,99546,69],{"class":61},[47,99548,644],{"class":632},[47,99550,33488],{"class":636},[47,99552,633],{"class":632},[47,99554,9573],{"class":61},[47,99556,99557,99559,99561,99563],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99558,103],{"class":102},[47,99560,106],{"class":61},[47,99562,665],{"class":92},[47,99564,216],{"class":61},[47,99566,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,99568,103],{"class":102},[47,99570,106],{"class":61},[47,99572,969],{"class":102},[47,99574,106],{"class":61},[47,99576,665],{"class":92},[47,99578,1978],{"class":61},[20,99580,99581],{},[4015,99582,30295],{},[38,99584,99586],{"className":40,"code":99585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99587,99588,99616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99589,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99591,9542],{"class":61},[47,99593,699],{"class":632},[47,99595,637],{"class":636},[47,99597,699],{"class":632},[47,99599,69],{"class":61},[47,99601,708],{"class":632},[47,99603,33488],{"class":636},[47,99605,699],{"class":632},[47,99607,69],{"class":61},[47,99609,708],{"class":632},[47,99611,647],{"class":636},[47,99613,699],{"class":632},[47,99615,9573],{"class":61},[47,99617,99618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99619,46885],{"class":65},[20,99621,99622],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[33,99624,99626],{"id":99625},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99628,99629,99630,99632],{},"Set items must be ",[4015,99631,96475],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99634,99635],{},"These usually work:",[138,99637,99638,99640,99642,99644],{},[141,99639,56727],{},[141,99641,56730],{},[141,99643,96487],{},[141,99645,40860],{},[38,99647,99649],{"className":40,"code":99648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99650,99651,99685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99652,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99654,4095],{"class":53},[47,99656,58],{"class":57},[47,99658,10756],{"class":61},[47,99660,232],{"class":65},[47,99662,69],{"class":61},[47,99664,644],{"class":632},[47,99666,647],{"class":636},[47,99668,633],{"class":632},[47,99670,69],{"class":61},[47,99672,9500],{"class":61},[47,99674,437],{"class":65},[47,99676,69],{"class":61},[47,99678,8054],{"class":65},[47,99680,9497],{"class":61},[47,99682,4185],{"class":284},[47,99684,9573],{"class":61},[47,99686,99687,99689,99691,99693],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99688,103],{"class":102},[47,99690,106],{"class":61},[47,99692,5625],{"class":92},[47,99694,216],{"class":61},[20,99696,99697,99698,99700],{},"These do ",[4015,99699,4896],{}," work directly:",[138,99702,99703,99705],{},[141,99704,97191],{},[141,99706,97194],{},[38,99708,99710],{"className":40,"code":99709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99711,99712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99713,99714,99717,99719,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99715,99716],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99718,58],{"class":57},[47,99720,99721],{"class":61}," {[",[47,99723,232],{"class":65},[47,99725,69],{"class":61},[47,99727,77],{"class":65},[47,99729,69],{"class":61},[47,99731,442],{"class":65},[47,99733,13970],{"class":61},[20,99735,99736],{},"This raises an error:",[38,99738,99739],{"className":40,"code":97250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99740,99741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99742,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99744,1574],{"class":882},[47,99746,136],{"class":61},[47,99748,97261],{"class":53},[47,99750,1971],{"class":882},[47,99752,136],{"class":61},[47,99754,708],{"class":632},[47,99756,8358],{"class":636},[47,99758,29965],{"class":632},[20,99760,52349],{},[38,99762,99764],{"className":40,"code":99763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99765,99766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99767,99768,99770,99772,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99769,99716],{"class":53},[47,99771,58],{"class":57},[47,99773,99774],{"class":61}," {{",[47,99776,633],{"class":632},[47,99778,7932],{"class":636},[47,99780,633],{"class":632},[47,99782,136],{"class":61},[47,99784,644],{"class":632},[47,99786,7941],{"class":636},[47,99788,633],{"class":632},[47,99790,99791],{"class":61},"}}\n",[20,99793,99794],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1404,99800,99802],{"id":99801},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,99804,99806],{"className":40,"code":99805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99807,99808,99832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99809,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99811,54],{"class":53},[47,99813,58],{"class":57},[47,99815,10756],{"class":61},[47,99817,232],{"class":65},[47,99819,69],{"class":61},[47,99821,77],{"class":65},[47,99823,69],{"class":61},[47,99825,442],{"class":65},[47,99827,69],{"class":61},[47,99829,402],{"class":65},[47,99831,9573],{"class":61},[47,99833,99834,99836,99838,99840],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99835,103],{"class":102},[47,99837,106],{"class":61},[47,99839,86],{"class":92},[47,99841,216],{"class":61},[1404,99843,99845],{"id":99844},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,99847,99849],{"className":40,"code":99848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99850,99851,99879,99894,99898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99852,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99854,1536],{"class":53},[47,99856,58],{"class":57},[47,99858,62],{"class":61},[47,99860,232],{"class":65},[47,99862,69],{"class":61},[47,99864,72],{"class":65},[47,99866,69],{"class":61},[47,99868,77],{"class":65},[47,99870,69],{"class":61},[47,99872,442],{"class":65},[47,99874,69],{"class":61},[47,99876,442],{"class":65},[47,99878,80],{"class":61},[47,99880,99881,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99882,99883],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99885,58],{"class":57},[47,99887,15898],{"class":882},[47,99889,106],{"class":61},[47,99891,1562],{"class":92},[47,99893,216],{"class":61},[47,99895,99896],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,99897,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,99899,99900,99902,99904,99907],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,99901,103],{"class":102},[47,99903,106],{"class":61},[47,99905,99906],{"class":92},"unique_items",[47,99908,216],{"class":61},[1404,99910,99256],{"id":99911},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,99913,99915],{"className":40,"code":99914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99916,99917,99935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99918,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99920,1639],{"class":53},[47,99922,58],{"class":57},[47,99924,15898],{"class":882},[47,99926,106],{"class":61},[47,99928,633],{"class":632},[47,99930,637],{"class":636},[47,99932,633],{"class":632},[47,99934,216],{"class":61},[47,99936,99937,99939,99941,99943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99938,103],{"class":102},[47,99940,106],{"class":61},[47,99942,1659],{"class":92},[47,99944,216],{"class":61},[1404,99946,99948],{"id":99947},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,99950,99952],{"className":40,"code":99951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99953,99954,99964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99955,99956,99958,99960,99962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99957,98394],{"class":53},[47,99959,58],{"class":57},[47,99961,15898],{"class":882},[47,99963,96],{"class":61},[47,99965,99966,99968,99970,99972],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,99967,103],{"class":102},[47,99969,106],{"class":61},[47,99971,98413],{"class":92},[47,99973,216],{"class":61},[33,99975,1397],{"id":1396},[20,99977,99978],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1404,99980,8681,99982,99984],{"id":99981},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99983,4064],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99986,99987],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,99989,99991],{"className":40,"code":99990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99992,99993,100001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99994,99995,99997,99999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99996,2728],{"class":53},[47,99998,58],{"class":57},[47,100000,10103],{"class":61},[47,100002,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100004,103],{"class":102},[47,100006,106],{"class":61},[47,100008,1971],{"class":882},[47,100010,106],{"class":61},[47,100012,2753],{"class":92},[47,100014,1978],{"class":61},[20,100016,100017],{},"This prints:",[38,100019,100020],{"className":40,"code":9072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100021,100022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100023,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100025,3568],{"class":57},[47,100027,3571],{"class":2348},[47,100029,708],{"class":632},[47,100031,9085],{"class":636},[47,100033,699],{"class":632},[47,100035,3580],{"class":57},[20,100037,118,100038,1519],{},[15,100039,4069],{},[1404,100041,100043],{"id":100042},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100045,100046],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,100048,100050],{"className":40,"code":100049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100051,100052,100080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100053,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100055,54],{"class":53},[47,100057,58],{"class":57},[47,100059,10756],{"class":61},[47,100061,232],{"class":65},[47,100063,69],{"class":61},[47,100065,72],{"class":65},[47,100067,69],{"class":61},[47,100069,77],{"class":65},[47,100071,69],{"class":61},[47,100073,77],{"class":65},[47,100075,69],{"class":61},[47,100077,442],{"class":65},[47,100079,9573],{"class":61},[47,100081,100082,100084,100086,100088],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100083,103],{"class":102},[47,100085,106],{"class":61},[47,100087,86],{"class":92},[47,100089,216],{"class":61},[20,100091,100092],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1404,100094,100096],{"id":100095},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100098,100099],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100101,100102],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,100104,100106],{"className":40,"code":100105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100107,100108,100128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100109,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100111,54],{"class":53},[47,100113,58],{"class":57},[47,100115,10756],{"class":61},[47,100117,437],{"class":65},[47,100119,69],{"class":61},[47,100121,8054],{"class":65},[47,100123,69],{"class":61},[47,100125,8059],{"class":65},[47,100127,9573],{"class":61},[47,100129,100130],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100131,100132],{"class":114},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100134,100135],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1404,100137,100139],{"id":100138},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100141,100142],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,100144,100146],{"className":40,"code":100145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100147,100148,100153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100149,100150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100151,100152],{"class":114},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,100154,100155],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100156,100157],{"class":114},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100159,100160,100161,89],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100162,1574],{},[1404,100164,100166],{"id":100165},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100168,100169],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,100171,100173],{"className":40,"code":100172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100174,100175,100195,100227,100231,100245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100176,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100178,15893],{"class":53},[47,100180,58],{"class":57},[47,100182,10756],{"class":61},[47,100184,232],{"class":65},[47,100186,69],{"class":61},[47,100188,77],{"class":65},[47,100190,69],{"class":61},[47,100192,442],{"class":65},[47,100194,9573],{"class":61},[47,100196,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100198,11989],{"class":53},[47,100200,58],{"class":57},[47,100202,10756],{"class":61},[47,100204,633],{"class":632},[47,100206,252],{"class":636},[47,100208,633],{"class":632},[47,100210,136],{"class":61},[47,100212,72],{"class":65},[47,100214,69],{"class":61},[47,100216,644],{"class":632},[47,100218,5026],{"class":636},[47,100220,633],{"class":632},[47,100222,136],{"class":61},[47,100224,77],{"class":65},[47,100226,9573],{"class":61},[47,100228,100229],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,100230,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,100232,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,100234,103],{"class":102},[47,100236,106],{"class":61},[47,100238,1971],{"class":882},[47,100240,106],{"class":61},[47,100242,15931],{"class":92},[47,100244,1978],{"class":61},[47,100246,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255,100257],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,100248,103],{"class":102},[47,100250,106],{"class":61},[47,100252,1971],{"class":882},[47,100254,106],{"class":61},[47,100256,11713],{"class":92},[47,100258,1978],{"class":61},[33,100260,92887],{"id":92886},[20,100262,100263],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,100265,100267],{"className":40,"code":100266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100268,100269,100295,100299,100313,100323,100337,100344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100270,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100272,15893],{"class":53},[47,100274,58],{"class":57},[47,100276,15898],{"class":882},[47,100278,2015],{"class":61},[47,100280,232],{"class":65},[47,100282,69],{"class":61},[47,100284,77],{"class":65},[47,100286,69],{"class":61},[47,100288,77],{"class":65},[47,100290,69],{"class":61},[47,100292,442],{"class":65},[47,100294,2040],{"class":61},[47,100296,100297],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100298,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,100300,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,100302,103],{"class":102},[47,100304,106],{"class":61},[47,100306,1971],{"class":882},[47,100308,106],{"class":61},[47,100310,15931],{"class":92},[47,100312,1978],{"class":61},[47,100314,100315,100317,100319,100321],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,100316,103],{"class":102},[47,100318,106],{"class":61},[47,100320,15931],{"class":92},[47,100322,216],{"class":61},[47,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,100326,103],{"class":102},[47,100328,106],{"class":61},[47,100330,969],{"class":102},[47,100332,106],{"class":61},[47,100334,15931],{"class":92},[47,100336,1978],{"class":61},[47,100338,100339,100341],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,100340,103],{"class":102},[47,100342,100343],{"class":61},"({})\n",[47,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,100347,103],{"class":102},[47,100349,106],{"class":61},[47,100351,6551],{"class":882},[47,100353,1993],{"class":61},[20,100355,100356],{},"Use these to confirm:",[138,100358,100359,100362,100365,100368],{},[141,100360,100361],{},"The object type",[141,100363,100364],{},"The actual values stored",[141,100366,100367],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[141,100369,100370,100371,1233,100373],{},"The difference between ",[15,100372,4064],{},[15,100374,4069],{},[33,100376,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,100378,100380],{"id":100379},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100382,100383,100384,100387,100388,100390],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100385,100386],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100389,4069],{}," with another iterable.",[1404,100392,100394],{"id":100393},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100396,118,100397,100399,100400,100402],{},[15,100398,4069],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100401,4064],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1404,100404,100406],{"id":100405},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100408,100409],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1404,100411,100413],{"id":100412},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100415,100416],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1404,100418,100420],{"id":100419},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100422,100423],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[33,100425,2187],{"id":2186},[138,100427,100428,100432,100438,100444,100449],{},[141,100429,100430],{},[252,100431,96432],{"href":97603},[141,100433,100434],{},[252,100435,1386,100436,11006],{"href":98604},[15,100437,96312],{},[141,100439,100440],{},[252,100441,1386,100442,11006],{"href":98623},[15,100443,97418],{},[141,100445,100446],{},[252,100447,100448],{"href":99181},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[141,100450,100451],{},[252,100452,100453],{"href":98895},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100455,100456],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2210,100458,100459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":100461},[100462,100463,100464,100465,100468,100474,100478,100479,100480,100486,100494,100495,100502],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":98867,"depth":83,"text":98868},{"id":98899,"depth":83,"text":98900,"children":100466},[100467],{"id":98968,"depth":99,"text":98969},{"id":99072,"depth":83,"text":100469,"children":100470},"Create a set with set()",[100471,100472,100473],{"id":99097,"depth":99,"text":99098},{"id":99185,"depth":99,"text":99186},{"id":99255,"depth":99,"text":99256},{"id":99340,"depth":83,"text":99341,"children":100475},[100476],{"id":99417,"depth":99,"text":100477},"Do not use {}",{"id":72527,"depth":83,"text":72528},{"id":99625,"depth":83,"text":99626},{"id":99797,"depth":83,"text":99798,"children":100481},[100482,100483,100484,100485],{"id":99801,"depth":99,"text":99802},{"id":99844,"depth":99,"text":99845},{"id":99911,"depth":99,"text":99256},{"id":99947,"depth":99,"text":99948},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":100487},[100488,100490,100491,100492,100493],{"id":99981,"depth":99,"text":100489},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100042,"depth":99,"text":100043},{"id":100095,"depth":99,"text":100096},{"id":100138,"depth":99,"text":100139},{"id":100165,"depth":99,"text":100166},{"id":92886,"depth":83,"text":92887},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":100496},[100497,100498,100499,100500,100501],{"id":100379,"depth":99,"text":100380},{"id":100393,"depth":99,"text":100394},{"id":100405,"depth":99,"text":100406},{"id":100412,"depth":99,"text":100413},{"id":100419,"depth":99,"text":100420},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98670,"description":100503},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100509,"title":100510,"body":100511,"description":102942,"extension":2248,"meta":102943,"navigation":203,"path":102944,"seo":102945,"stem":102946,"__hash__":102947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100512,"toc":102907},[100513,100519,100525,100528,100530,100607,100609,100626,100636,100638,100643,100651,100653,100669,100673,100675,100677,100680,100701,100704,100728,100734,100736,100833,100835,100852,100862,100864,100866,100874,100876,100887,100889,100980,100982,101006,101017,101019,101021,101024,101154,101156,101229,101231,101252,101255,101257,101263,101268,101271,101398,101400,101417,101420,101422,101430,101433,101437,101445,101536,101538,101575,101580,101587,101664,101666,101682,101687,101692,101694,101703,101711,101792,101794,101823,101826,101830,101841,101844,101927,101929,101950,101956,101958,101960,101964,101968,101975,102040,102042,102062,102065,102134,102136,102152,102156,102162,102174,102182,102184,102269,102271,102300,102303,102307,102312,102314,102364,102367,102448,102450,102466,102470,102473,102548,102551,102555,102558,102635,102637,102670,102676,102680,102683,102818,102820,102834,102836,102838,102844,102847,102854,102862,102868,102871,102875,102878,102880,102882,102904],[10,100514,96304,100516,18],{"id":100515},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100517,100518],{},"difference()",[20,100520,100521,100524],{},[15,100522,100523],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100526,100527],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[33,100529,3884],{"id":3883},[38,100531,100533],{"className":40,"code":100532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100534,100535,100559,100579,100597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100536,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100538,2834],{"class":53},[47,100540,58],{"class":57},[47,100542,10756],{"class":61},[47,100544,232],{"class":65},[47,100546,69],{"class":61},[47,100548,77],{"class":65},[47,100550,69],{"class":61},[47,100552,442],{"class":65},[47,100554,69],{"class":61},[47,100556,402],{"class":65},[47,100558,9573],{"class":61},[47,100560,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100562,2862],{"class":53},[47,100564,58],{"class":57},[47,100566,10756],{"class":61},[47,100568,66],{"class":65},[47,100570,69],{"class":61},[47,100572,402],{"class":65},[47,100574,69],{"class":61},[47,100576,241],{"class":65},[47,100578,9573],{"class":61},[47,100580,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,100582,1442],{"class":53},[47,100584,58],{"class":57},[47,100586,57153],{"class":53},[47,100588,89],{"class":61},[47,100590,3092],{"class":92},[47,100592,106],{"class":61},[47,100594,5026],{"class":92},[47,100596,216],{"class":61},[47,100598,100599,100601,100603,100605],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,100600,103],{"class":102},[47,100602,106],{"class":61},[47,100604,1466],{"class":92},[47,100606,216],{"class":61},[20,100608,219],{},[38,100610,100612],{"className":40,"code":100611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100613,100614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100615,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100617,9542],{"class":61},[47,100619,232],{"class":65},[47,100621,69],{"class":61},[47,100623,77],{"class":65},[47,100625,9573],{"class":61},[20,100627,100628,100630,100631,100633,100634,89],{},[15,100629,100518],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100632,252],{}," that are not in ",[15,100635,5026],{},[45184,100637],{},[33,100639,128,100641,131],{"id":100640},"what-difference-does",[15,100642,100518],{},[20,100644,956,100645,100647,100648,100650],{},[15,100646,100518],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[4015,100649,4896],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100652,13315],{},[138,100654,100655,100660,100663,100666],{},[141,100656,100657,100659],{},[15,100658,100518],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[141,100661,100662],{},"It creates a new set",[141,100664,100665],{},"It does not change the original set",[141,100667,100668],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100670,96428,100671,89],{},[252,100672,96432],{"href":97603},[45184,100674],{},[33,100676,259],{"id":258},[20,100678,100679],{},"Use this form:",[38,100681,100683],{"className":40,"code":100682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100684,100685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100686,100687,100690,100692,100694,100696,100699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100688,100689],{"class":53},"set1",[47,100691,89],{"class":61},[47,100693,3092],{"class":92},[47,100695,106],{"class":61},[47,100697,100698],{"class":92},"set2",[47,100700,216],{"class":61},[20,100702,100703],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,100705,100707],{"className":40,"code":100706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100708,100709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100710,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100712,100689],{"class":53},[47,100714,89],{"class":61},[47,100716,3092],{"class":92},[47,100718,106],{"class":61},[47,100720,100698],{"class":92},[47,100722,69],{"class":61},[47,100724,100725],{"class":92}," set3",[47,100727,216],{"class":61},[20,100729,100730,100731,100733],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[4015,100732,5620],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100735,318],{},[38,100737,100739],{"className":40,"code":100738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100740,100741,100769,100785,100797,100801,100823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100742,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100744,2834],{"class":53},[47,100746,58],{"class":57},[47,100748,10756],{"class":61},[47,100750,232],{"class":65},[47,100752,69],{"class":61},[47,100754,77],{"class":65},[47,100756,69],{"class":61},[47,100758,442],{"class":65},[47,100760,69],{"class":61},[47,100762,402],{"class":65},[47,100764,69],{"class":61},[47,100766,241],{"class":65},[47,100768,9573],{"class":61},[47,100770,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100772,2862],{"class":53},[47,100774,58],{"class":57},[47,100776,10756],{"class":61},[47,100778,2340],{"class":65},[47,100780,69],{"class":61},[47,100782,442],{"class":65},[47,100784,9573],{"class":61},[47,100786,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,100788,83287],{"class":53},[47,100790,58],{"class":57},[47,100792,10756],{"class":61},[47,100794,173],{"class":65},[47,100796,9573],{"class":61},[47,100798,100799],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,100800,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,100802,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,100804,1442],{"class":53},[47,100806,58],{"class":57},[47,100808,57153],{"class":53},[47,100810,89],{"class":61},[47,100812,3092],{"class":92},[47,100814,106],{"class":61},[47,100816,5026],{"class":92},[47,100818,69],{"class":61},[47,100820,9946],{"class":92},[47,100822,216],{"class":61},[47,100824,100825,100827,100829,100831],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,100826,103],{"class":102},[47,100828,106],{"class":61},[47,100830,1466],{"class":92},[47,100832,216],{"class":61},[20,100834,219],{},[38,100836,100838],{"className":40,"code":100837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100839,100840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100841,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100843,9542],{"class":61},[47,100845,232],{"class":65},[47,100847,69],{"class":61},[47,100849,402],{"class":65},[47,100851,9573],{"class":61},[20,100853,100854,100855,100857,100858,3158,100860,89],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100856,252],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100859,5026],{},[15,100861,10004],{},[45184,100863],{},[33,100865,17684],{"id":17683},[20,100867,100868,100870,100871,89],{},[15,100869,100518],{}," always returns a ",[4015,100872,100873],{},"new set",[20,100875,43917],{},[138,100877,100878,100881,100884],{},[141,100879,100880],{},"The return value is a new set",[141,100882,100883],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[141,100885,100886],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100888,318],{},[38,100890,100892],{"className":40,"code":100891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100893,100894,100910,100930,100934,100952,100956,100966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100895,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100897,2834],{"class":53},[47,100899,58],{"class":57},[47,100901,10756],{"class":61},[47,100903,232],{"class":65},[47,100905,69],{"class":61},[47,100907,77],{"class":65},[47,100909,9573],{"class":61},[47,100911,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100913,2862],{"class":53},[47,100915,58],{"class":57},[47,100917,10756],{"class":61},[47,100919,232],{"class":65},[47,100921,69],{"class":61},[47,100923,77],{"class":65},[47,100925,69],{"class":61},[47,100927,442],{"class":65},[47,100929,9573],{"class":61},[47,100931,100932],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,100933,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,100935,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,100937,1442],{"class":53},[47,100939,58],{"class":57},[47,100941,57153],{"class":53},[47,100943,89],{"class":61},[47,100945,3092],{"class":92},[47,100947,106],{"class":61},[47,100949,5026],{"class":92},[47,100951,216],{"class":61},[47,100953,100954],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,100955,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,100957,100958,100960,100962,100964],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,100959,103],{"class":102},[47,100961,106],{"class":61},[47,100963,1466],{"class":92},[47,100965,216],{"class":61},[47,100967,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,100969,103],{"class":102},[47,100971,106],{"class":61},[47,100973,1971],{"class":882},[47,100975,106],{"class":61},[47,100977,1466],{"class":92},[47,100979,1978],{"class":61},[20,100981,219],{},[38,100983,100984],{"className":40,"code":99392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100985,100986,100992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100987,100988,100990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100989,6551],{"class":882},[47,100991,96],{"class":61},[47,100993,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,100995,3568],{"class":57},[47,100997,3571],{"class":2348},[47,100999,708],{"class":632},[47,101001,6551],{"class":636},[47,101003,699],{"class":632},[47,101005,3580],{"class":57},[20,101007,101008,101009,19228,101011,101013,101014,101016],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101010,4069],{},[15,101012,4064],{},". In Python, ",[15,101015,4064],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45184,101018],{},[33,101020,11739],{"id":11738},[20,101022,101023],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,101025,101027],{"className":40,"code":101026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101028,101029,101062,101095,101099,101119,101123,101133,101144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101030,101031,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101032,101033],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,101035,58],{"class":57},[47,101037,10756],{"class":61},[47,101039,633],{"class":632},[47,101041,647],{"class":636},[47,101043,633],{"class":632},[47,101045,69],{"class":61},[47,101047,644],{"class":632},[47,101049,637],{"class":636},[47,101051,633],{"class":632},[47,101053,69],{"class":61},[47,101055,644],{"class":632},[47,101057,33488],{"class":636},[47,101059,633],{"class":632},[47,101061,9573],{"class":61},[47,101063,101064,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101065,101066],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,101068,58],{"class":57},[47,101070,10756],{"class":61},[47,101072,633],{"class":632},[47,101074,637],{"class":636},[47,101076,633],{"class":632},[47,101078,69],{"class":61},[47,101080,644],{"class":632},[47,101082,33488],{"class":636},[47,101084,633],{"class":632},[47,101086,69],{"class":61},[47,101088,644],{"class":632},[47,101090,22799],{"class":636},[47,101092,633],{"class":632},[47,101094,9573],{"class":61},[47,101096,101097],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101098,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101100,101101,101103,101105,101108,101110,101112,101114,101117],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101102,1442],{"class":53},[47,101104,58],{"class":57},[47,101106,101107],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,101109,89],{"class":61},[47,101111,3092],{"class":92},[47,101113,106],{"class":61},[47,101115,101116],{"class":92},"fruits_b",[47,101118,216],{"class":61},[47,101120,101121],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101122,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101124,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,101126,103],{"class":102},[47,101128,106],{"class":61},[47,101130,1466],{"class":92},[47,101132,216],{"class":61},[47,101134,101135,101137,101139,101142],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,101136,103],{"class":102},[47,101138,106],{"class":61},[47,101140,101141],{"class":92},"fruits_a",[47,101143,216],{"class":61},[47,101145,101146,101148,101150,101152],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,101147,103],{"class":102},[47,101149,106],{"class":61},[47,101151,101116],{"class":92},[47,101153,216],{"class":61},[20,101155,30295],{},[38,101157,101159],{"className":40,"code":101158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101160,101161,101173,101201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101162,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101164,9542],{"class":61},[47,101166,699],{"class":632},[47,101168,647],{"class":636},[47,101170,699],{"class":632},[47,101172,9573],{"class":61},[47,101174,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101176,9542],{"class":61},[47,101178,699],{"class":632},[47,101180,637],{"class":636},[47,101182,699],{"class":632},[47,101184,69],{"class":61},[47,101186,708],{"class":632},[47,101188,33488],{"class":636},[47,101190,699],{"class":632},[47,101192,69],{"class":61},[47,101194,708],{"class":632},[47,101196,647],{"class":636},[47,101198,699],{"class":632},[47,101200,9573],{"class":61},[47,101202,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101204,9542],{"class":61},[47,101206,699],{"class":632},[47,101208,637],{"class":636},[47,101210,699],{"class":632},[47,101212,69],{"class":61},[47,101214,708],{"class":632},[47,101216,33488],{"class":636},[47,101218,699],{"class":632},[47,101220,69],{"class":61},[47,101222,708],{"class":632},[47,101224,22799],{"class":636},[47,101226,699],{"class":632},[47,101228,9573],{"class":61},[20,101230,11948],{},[138,101232,101233,101238,101243,101249],{},[141,101234,101235,101236],{},"Start with ",[15,101237,101141],{},[141,101239,101240,101241],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101242,101116],{},[141,101244,101245,101246,101248],{},"Only ",[15,101247,58098],{}," remains",[141,101250,101251],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101253,101254],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45184,101256],{},[33,101258,8681,101260,101262],{"id":101259},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101261,100518],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101264,101265,101266,89],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101267,100518],{},[20,101269,101270],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,101272,101274],{"className":40,"code":101273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101275,101276,101308,101325,101338,101355,101359,101388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101277,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101279,54],{"class":53},[47,101281,58],{"class":57},[47,101283,10756],{"class":61},[47,101285,232],{"class":65},[47,101287,69],{"class":61},[47,101289,77],{"class":65},[47,101291,69],{"class":61},[47,101293,442],{"class":65},[47,101295,69],{"class":61},[47,101297,402],{"class":65},[47,101299,69],{"class":61},[47,101301,241],{"class":65},[47,101303,69],{"class":61},[47,101305,37908],{"class":65},[47,101307,9573],{"class":61},[47,101309,101310,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101311,101312],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101314,58],{"class":57},[47,101316,10756],{"class":61},[47,101318,2340],{"class":65},[47,101320,69],{"class":61},[47,101322,402],{"class":65},[47,101324,9573],{"class":61},[47,101326,101327,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101328,101329],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101331,58],{"class":57},[47,101333,10756],{"class":61},[47,101335,173],{"class":65},[47,101337,9573],{"class":61},[47,101339,101340,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101341,101342],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101344,58],{"class":57},[47,101346,10756],{"class":61},[47,101348,80695],{"class":65},[47,101350,69],{"class":61},[47,101352,343],{"class":65},[47,101354,9573],{"class":61},[47,101356,101357],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101358,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101360,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371,101373,101376,101378,101381,101383,101386],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,101362,1442],{"class":53},[47,101364,58],{"class":57},[47,101366,1447],{"class":53},[47,101368,89],{"class":61},[47,101370,3092],{"class":92},[47,101372,106],{"class":61},[47,101374,101375],{"class":92},"group_a",[47,101377,69],{"class":61},[47,101379,101380],{"class":92}," group_b",[47,101382,69],{"class":61},[47,101384,101385],{"class":92}," group_c",[47,101387,216],{"class":61},[47,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,101391,103],{"class":102},[47,101393,106],{"class":61},[47,101395,1466],{"class":92},[47,101397,216],{"class":61},[20,101399,219],{},[38,101401,101403],{"className":40,"code":101402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101404,101405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101406,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101408,9542],{"class":61},[47,101410,232],{"class":65},[47,101412,69],{"class":61},[47,101414,442],{"class":65},[47,101416,9573],{"class":61},[20,101418,101419],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45184,101421],{},[33,101423,101425,1225,101427],{"id":101424},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101426,100518],{},[15,101428,101429],{},"difference_update()",[20,101431,101432],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1404,101434,101435],{"id":3092},[15,101436,100518],{},[138,101438,101439,101442],{},[141,101440,101441],{},"Returns a new set",[141,101443,101444],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,101446,101448],{"className":40,"code":101447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101449,101450,101474,101490,101494,101512,101516,101526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101451,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101453,2834],{"class":53},[47,101455,58],{"class":57},[47,101457,10756],{"class":61},[47,101459,232],{"class":65},[47,101461,69],{"class":61},[47,101463,77],{"class":65},[47,101465,69],{"class":61},[47,101467,442],{"class":65},[47,101469,69],{"class":61},[47,101471,402],{"class":65},[47,101473,9573],{"class":61},[47,101475,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101477,2862],{"class":53},[47,101479,58],{"class":57},[47,101481,10756],{"class":61},[47,101483,66],{"class":65},[47,101485,69],{"class":61},[47,101487,402],{"class":65},[47,101489,9573],{"class":61},[47,101491,101492],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101493,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101497,1442],{"class":53},[47,101499,58],{"class":57},[47,101501,57153],{"class":53},[47,101503,89],{"class":61},[47,101505,3092],{"class":92},[47,101507,106],{"class":61},[47,101509,5026],{"class":92},[47,101511,216],{"class":61},[47,101513,101514],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101515,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,101519,103],{"class":102},[47,101521,106],{"class":61},[47,101523,1466],{"class":92},[47,101525,216],{"class":61},[47,101527,101528,101530,101532,101534],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,101529,103],{"class":102},[47,101531,106],{"class":61},[47,101533,252],{"class":92},[47,101535,216],{"class":61},[20,101537,219],{},[38,101539,101541],{"className":40,"code":101540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101542,101543,101555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101544,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101546,9542],{"class":61},[47,101548,232],{"class":65},[47,101550,69],{"class":61},[47,101552,77],{"class":65},[47,101554,9573],{"class":61},[47,101556,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101558,9542],{"class":61},[47,101560,232],{"class":65},[47,101562,69],{"class":61},[47,101564,77],{"class":65},[47,101566,69],{"class":61},[47,101568,442],{"class":65},[47,101570,69],{"class":61},[47,101572,402],{"class":65},[47,101574,9573],{"class":61},[1404,101576,101578],{"id":101577},"difference_update",[15,101579,101429],{},[138,101581,101582,101585],{},[141,101583,101584],{},"Changes the original set",[141,101586,96422],{},[38,101588,101590],{"className":40,"code":101589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101591,101592,101616,101632,101636,101650,101654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101593,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101595,2834],{"class":53},[47,101597,58],{"class":57},[47,101599,10756],{"class":61},[47,101601,232],{"class":65},[47,101603,69],{"class":61},[47,101605,77],{"class":65},[47,101607,69],{"class":61},[47,101609,442],{"class":65},[47,101611,69],{"class":61},[47,101613,402],{"class":65},[47,101615,9573],{"class":61},[47,101617,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101619,2862],{"class":53},[47,101621,58],{"class":57},[47,101623,10756],{"class":61},[47,101625,66],{"class":65},[47,101627,69],{"class":61},[47,101629,402],{"class":65},[47,101631,9573],{"class":61},[47,101633,101634],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101635,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101639,252],{"class":53},[47,101641,89],{"class":61},[47,101643,101577],{"class":92},[47,101645,106],{"class":61},[47,101647,5026],{"class":92},[47,101649,216],{"class":61},[47,101651,101652],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101653,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101655,101656,101658,101660,101662],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,101657,103],{"class":102},[47,101659,106],{"class":61},[47,101661,252],{"class":92},[47,101663,216],{"class":61},[20,101665,219],{},[38,101667,101668],{"className":40,"code":100611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101669,101670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101671,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101673,9542],{"class":61},[47,101675,232],{"class":65},[47,101677,69],{"class":61},[47,101679,77],{"class":65},[47,101681,9573],{"class":61},[20,101683,118,101684,101686],{},[15,101685,100518],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101688,101689,101690,1626],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101691,101429],{},[45184,101693],{},[33,101695,101697,101699,101700,101702],{"id":101696},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101698,100518],{}," vs the ",[15,101701,2306],{}," operator",[20,101704,956,101705,101707,101708,101710],{},[15,101706,2306],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101709,100518],{}," for two sets.",[38,101712,101714],{"className":40,"code":101713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101715,101716,101740,101756,101760,101778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101717,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101719,2834],{"class":53},[47,101721,58],{"class":57},[47,101723,10756],{"class":61},[47,101725,232],{"class":65},[47,101727,69],{"class":61},[47,101729,77],{"class":65},[47,101731,69],{"class":61},[47,101733,442],{"class":65},[47,101735,69],{"class":61},[47,101737,402],{"class":65},[47,101739,9573],{"class":61},[47,101741,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101743,2862],{"class":53},[47,101745,58],{"class":57},[47,101747,10756],{"class":61},[47,101749,66],{"class":65},[47,101751,69],{"class":61},[47,101753,402],{"class":65},[47,101755,9573],{"class":61},[47,101757,101758],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101759,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101763,103],{"class":102},[47,101765,106],{"class":61},[47,101767,252],{"class":92},[47,101769,89],{"class":61},[47,101771,3092],{"class":92},[47,101773,106],{"class":61},[47,101775,5026],{"class":92},[47,101777,1978],{"class":61},[47,101779,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101781,103],{"class":102},[47,101783,106],{"class":61},[47,101785,2834],{"class":92},[47,101787,2306],{"class":57},[47,101789,2839],{"class":92},[47,101791,216],{"class":61},[20,101793,219],{},[38,101795,101797],{"className":40,"code":101796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101798,101799,101811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101800,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101802,9542],{"class":61},[47,101804,232],{"class":65},[47,101806,69],{"class":61},[47,101808,77],{"class":65},[47,101810,9573],{"class":61},[47,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101814,9542],{"class":61},[47,101816,232],{"class":65},[47,101818,69],{"class":61},[47,101820,77],{"class":65},[47,101822,9573],{"class":61},[20,101824,101825],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101827,94692,101828,2099],{},[15,101829,100518],{},[138,101831,101832,101835,101838],{},[141,101833,101834],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[141,101836,101837],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[141,101839,101840],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101842,101843],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,101845,101847],{"className":40,"code":101846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101848,101849,101877,101889,101901,101905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101850,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101852,2834],{"class":53},[47,101854,58],{"class":57},[47,101856,10756],{"class":61},[47,101858,232],{"class":65},[47,101860,69],{"class":61},[47,101862,77],{"class":65},[47,101864,69],{"class":61},[47,101866,442],{"class":65},[47,101868,69],{"class":61},[47,101870,402],{"class":65},[47,101872,69],{"class":61},[47,101874,241],{"class":65},[47,101876,9573],{"class":61},[47,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,101880,2862],{"class":53},[47,101882,58],{"class":57},[47,101884,10756],{"class":61},[47,101886,2340],{"class":65},[47,101888,9573],{"class":61},[47,101890,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,101892,83287],{"class":53},[47,101894,58],{"class":57},[47,101896,10756],{"class":61},[47,101898,334],{"class":65},[47,101900,9573],{"class":61},[47,101902,101903],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,101904,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,101906,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,101908,103],{"class":102},[47,101910,106],{"class":61},[47,101912,252],{"class":92},[47,101914,89],{"class":61},[47,101916,3092],{"class":92},[47,101918,106],{"class":61},[47,101920,5026],{"class":92},[47,101922,69],{"class":61},[47,101924,9946],{"class":92},[47,101926,1978],{"class":61},[20,101928,219],{},[38,101930,101932],{"className":40,"code":101931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101933,101934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101935,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101937,9542],{"class":61},[47,101939,232],{"class":65},[47,101941,69],{"class":61},[47,101943,442],{"class":65},[47,101945,69],{"class":61},[47,101947,241],{"class":65},[47,101949,9573],{"class":61},[20,101951,101952,101953,101955],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101954,2306],{}," operator expression.",[45184,101957],{},[33,101959,4784],{"id":4783},[20,101961,21477,101962,89],{},[15,101963,100518],{},[1404,101965,101967],{"id":101966},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101969,4893,101970,101972,101973,136],{},[4015,101971,4896],{}," change ",[15,101974,252],{},[38,101976,101978],{"className":40,"code":101977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101979,101980,102000,102012,102016,102030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101981,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101983,2834],{"class":53},[47,101985,58],{"class":57},[47,101987,10756],{"class":61},[47,101989,232],{"class":65},[47,101991,69],{"class":61},[47,101993,77],{"class":65},[47,101995,69],{"class":61},[47,101997,442],{"class":65},[47,101999,9573],{"class":61},[47,102001,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102003,2862],{"class":53},[47,102005,58],{"class":57},[47,102007,10756],{"class":61},[47,102009,66],{"class":65},[47,102011,9573],{"class":61},[47,102013,102014],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102015,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102017,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102019,252],{"class":53},[47,102021,89],{"class":61},[47,102023,3092],{"class":92},[47,102025,106],{"class":61},[47,102027,5026],{"class":92},[47,102029,216],{"class":61},[47,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102033,103],{"class":102},[47,102035,106],{"class":61},[47,102037,252],{"class":92},[47,102039,216],{"class":61},[20,102041,219],{},[38,102043,102044],{"className":40,"code":96711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102045,102046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102049,9542],{"class":61},[47,102051,232],{"class":65},[47,102053,69],{"class":61},[47,102055,77],{"class":65},[47,102057,69],{"class":61},[47,102059,442],{"class":65},[47,102061,9573],{"class":61},[20,102063,102064],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,102066,102068],{"className":40,"code":102067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102069,102070,102090,102102,102106,102124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102071,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102073,2834],{"class":53},[47,102075,58],{"class":57},[47,102077,10756],{"class":61},[47,102079,232],{"class":65},[47,102081,69],{"class":61},[47,102083,77],{"class":65},[47,102085,69],{"class":61},[47,102087,442],{"class":65},[47,102089,9573],{"class":61},[47,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102093,2862],{"class":53},[47,102095,58],{"class":57},[47,102097,10756],{"class":61},[47,102099,66],{"class":65},[47,102101,9573],{"class":61},[47,102103,102104],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102105,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102107,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102109,2834],{"class":53},[47,102111,58],{"class":57},[47,102113,57153],{"class":53},[47,102115,89],{"class":61},[47,102117,3092],{"class":92},[47,102119,106],{"class":61},[47,102121,5026],{"class":92},[47,102123,216],{"class":61},[47,102125,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102127,103],{"class":102},[47,102129,106],{"class":61},[47,102131,252],{"class":92},[47,102133,216],{"class":61},[20,102135,219],{},[38,102137,102138],{"className":40,"code":100611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102139,102140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102141,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102143,9542],{"class":61},[47,102145,232],{"class":65},[47,102147,69],{"class":61},[47,102149,77],{"class":65},[47,102151,9573],{"class":61},[1404,102153,102155],{"id":102154},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102157,102158,102161],{},[15,102159,102160],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[138,102163,102164,102169],{},[141,102165,102166,102167],{},"keep items from ",[15,102168,252],{},[141,102170,102171,102172],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102173,5026],{},[20,102175,41171,102176,102178,102179,102181],{},[4015,102177,4896],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102180,5026],{},"”.",[20,102183,318],{},[38,102185,102187],{"className":40,"code":102186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102188,102189,102209,102229,102233,102251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102190,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102192,2834],{"class":53},[47,102194,58],{"class":57},[47,102196,10756],{"class":61},[47,102198,232],{"class":65},[47,102200,69],{"class":61},[47,102202,77],{"class":65},[47,102204,69],{"class":61},[47,102206,442],{"class":65},[47,102208,9573],{"class":61},[47,102210,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102212,2862],{"class":53},[47,102214,58],{"class":57},[47,102216,10756],{"class":61},[47,102218,66],{"class":65},[47,102220,69],{"class":61},[47,102222,402],{"class":65},[47,102224,69],{"class":61},[47,102226,241],{"class":65},[47,102228,9573],{"class":61},[47,102230,102231],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102232,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102234,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102236,103],{"class":102},[47,102238,106],{"class":61},[47,102240,252],{"class":92},[47,102242,89],{"class":61},[47,102244,3092],{"class":92},[47,102246,106],{"class":61},[47,102248,5026],{"class":92},[47,102250,1978],{"class":61},[47,102252,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102254,103],{"class":102},[47,102256,106],{"class":61},[47,102258,5026],{"class":92},[47,102260,89],{"class":61},[47,102262,3092],{"class":92},[47,102264,106],{"class":61},[47,102266,252],{"class":92},[47,102268,1978],{"class":61},[20,102270,219],{},[38,102272,102274],{"className":40,"code":102273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102275,102276,102288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102277,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102279,9542],{"class":61},[47,102281,232],{"class":65},[47,102283,69],{"class":61},[47,102285,77],{"class":65},[47,102287,9573],{"class":61},[47,102289,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102291,9542],{"class":61},[47,102293,334],{"class":65},[47,102295,69],{"class":61},[47,102297,241],{"class":65},[47,102299,9573],{"class":61},[20,102301,102302],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1404,102304,102306],{"id":102305},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102308,102309,102311],{},[15,102310,100518],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102313,55586],{},[38,102315,102317],{"className":40,"code":102316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102318,102319,102339,102355,102359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102320,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102322,2834],{"class":53},[47,102324,58],{"class":57},[47,102326,62],{"class":61},[47,102328,232],{"class":65},[47,102330,69],{"class":61},[47,102332,77],{"class":65},[47,102334,69],{"class":61},[47,102336,442],{"class":65},[47,102338,80],{"class":61},[47,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102342,2862],{"class":53},[47,102344,58],{"class":57},[47,102346,62],{"class":61},[47,102348,66],{"class":65},[47,102350,69],{"class":61},[47,102352,402],{"class":65},[47,102354,80],{"class":61},[47,102356,102357],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102358,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102360,102361],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102362,102363],{"class":114},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102365,102366],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,102368,102370],{"className":40,"code":102369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102371,102372,102392,102408,102412,102438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102373,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102375,2834],{"class":53},[47,102377,58],{"class":57},[47,102379,62],{"class":61},[47,102381,232],{"class":65},[47,102383,69],{"class":61},[47,102385,77],{"class":65},[47,102387,69],{"class":61},[47,102389,442],{"class":65},[47,102391,80],{"class":61},[47,102393,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102395,2862],{"class":53},[47,102397,58],{"class":57},[47,102399,62],{"class":61},[47,102401,66],{"class":65},[47,102403,69],{"class":61},[47,102405,402],{"class":65},[47,102407,80],{"class":61},[47,102409,102410],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102411,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102413,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102415,1442],{"class":53},[47,102417,58],{"class":57},[47,102419,15898],{"class":882},[47,102421,106],{"class":61},[47,102423,252],{"class":92},[47,102425,8896],{"class":61},[47,102427,3092],{"class":92},[47,102429,106],{"class":61},[47,102431,6551],{"class":882},[47,102433,106],{"class":61},[47,102435,5026],{"class":92},[47,102437,1978],{"class":61},[47,102439,102440,102442,102444,102446],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102441,103],{"class":102},[47,102443,106],{"class":61},[47,102445,1466],{"class":92},[47,102447,216],{"class":61},[20,102449,219],{},[38,102451,102452],{"className":40,"code":100611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102453,102454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102455,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102457,9542],{"class":61},[47,102459,232],{"class":65},[47,102461,69],{"class":61},[47,102463,77],{"class":65},[47,102465,9573],{"class":61},[1404,102467,102469],{"id":102468},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102471,102472],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,102474,102476],{"className":40,"code":102475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102477,102478,102510,102526,102530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102479,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102481,2834],{"class":53},[47,102483,58],{"class":57},[47,102485,10756],{"class":61},[47,102487,633],{"class":632},[47,102489,37311],{"class":636},[47,102491,633],{"class":632},[47,102493,69],{"class":61},[47,102495,644],{"class":632},[47,102497,58392],{"class":636},[47,102499,633],{"class":632},[47,102501,69],{"class":61},[47,102503,644],{"class":632},[47,102505,58409],{"class":636},[47,102507,633],{"class":632},[47,102509,9573],{"class":61},[47,102511,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102513,2862],{"class":53},[47,102515,58],{"class":57},[47,102517,10756],{"class":61},[47,102519,633],{"class":632},[47,102521,58392],{"class":636},[47,102523,633],{"class":632},[47,102525,9573],{"class":61},[47,102527,102528],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102529,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102533,103],{"class":102},[47,102535,106],{"class":61},[47,102537,252],{"class":92},[47,102539,89],{"class":61},[47,102541,3092],{"class":92},[47,102543,106],{"class":61},[47,102545,5026],{"class":92},[47,102547,1978],{"class":61},[20,102549,102550],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1404,102552,102554],{"id":102553},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102556,102557],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,102559,102561],{"className":40,"code":102560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102562,102563,102591,102603,102607,102617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102564,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102566,2834],{"class":53},[47,102568,58],{"class":57},[47,102570,10756],{"class":61},[47,102572,232],{"class":65},[47,102574,69],{"class":61},[47,102576,72],{"class":65},[47,102578,69],{"class":61},[47,102580,77],{"class":65},[47,102582,69],{"class":61},[47,102584,77],{"class":65},[47,102586,69],{"class":61},[47,102588,442],{"class":65},[47,102590,9573],{"class":61},[47,102592,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102594,2862],{"class":53},[47,102596,58],{"class":57},[47,102598,10756],{"class":61},[47,102600,66],{"class":65},[47,102602,9573],{"class":61},[47,102604,102605],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102606,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102608,102609,102611,102613,102615],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102610,103],{"class":102},[47,102612,106],{"class":61},[47,102614,252],{"class":92},[47,102616,216],{"class":61},[47,102618,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102620,103],{"class":102},[47,102622,106],{"class":61},[47,102624,252],{"class":92},[47,102626,89],{"class":61},[47,102628,3092],{"class":92},[47,102630,106],{"class":61},[47,102632,5026],{"class":92},[47,102634,1978],{"class":61},[20,102636,219],{},[38,102638,102640],{"className":40,"code":102639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102641,102642,102658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102645,9542],{"class":61},[47,102647,232],{"class":65},[47,102649,69],{"class":61},[47,102651,77],{"class":65},[47,102653,69],{"class":61},[47,102655,442],{"class":65},[47,102657,9573],{"class":61},[47,102659,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102661,9542],{"class":61},[47,102663,232],{"class":65},[47,102665,69],{"class":61},[47,102667,77],{"class":65},[47,102669,9573],{"class":61},[20,102671,102672,102673,102675],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102674,100518],{}," runs.",[1404,102677,102679],{"id":102678},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102681,102682],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,102684,102686],{"className":40,"code":102685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102687,102688,102712,102732,102736,102746,102756,102774,102796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102689,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102691,2834],{"class":53},[47,102693,58],{"class":57},[47,102695,10756],{"class":61},[47,102697,232],{"class":65},[47,102699,69],{"class":61},[47,102701,77],{"class":65},[47,102703,69],{"class":61},[47,102705,442],{"class":65},[47,102707,69],{"class":61},[47,102709,402],{"class":65},[47,102711,9573],{"class":61},[47,102713,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,102715,2862],{"class":53},[47,102717,58],{"class":57},[47,102719,10756],{"class":61},[47,102721,66],{"class":65},[47,102723,69],{"class":61},[47,102725,402],{"class":65},[47,102727,69],{"class":61},[47,102729,241],{"class":65},[47,102731,9573],{"class":61},[47,102733,102734],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,102735,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,102737,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,102739,103],{"class":102},[47,102741,106],{"class":61},[47,102743,252],{"class":92},[47,102745,216],{"class":61},[47,102747,102748,102750,102752,102754],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,102749,103],{"class":102},[47,102751,106],{"class":61},[47,102753,5026],{"class":92},[47,102755,216],{"class":61},[47,102757,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,102759,103],{"class":102},[47,102761,106],{"class":61},[47,102763,252],{"class":92},[47,102765,89],{"class":61},[47,102767,3092],{"class":92},[47,102769,106],{"class":61},[47,102771,5026],{"class":92},[47,102773,1978],{"class":61},[47,102775,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,102777,103],{"class":102},[47,102779,106],{"class":61},[47,102781,1971],{"class":882},[47,102783,106],{"class":61},[47,102785,252],{"class":92},[47,102787,89],{"class":61},[47,102789,3092],{"class":92},[47,102791,106],{"class":61},[47,102793,5026],{"class":92},[47,102795,3192],{"class":61},[47,102797,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,102799,103],{"class":102},[47,102801,106],{"class":61},[47,102803,969],{"class":102},[47,102805,106],{"class":61},[47,102807,252],{"class":92},[47,102809,89],{"class":61},[47,102811,3092],{"class":92},[47,102813,106],{"class":61},[47,102815,5026],{"class":92},[47,102817,3192],{"class":61},[20,102819,2043],{},[138,102821,102822,102825,102828,102831],{},[141,102823,102824],{},"what is in each set",[141,102826,102827],{},"what result Python creates",[141,102829,102830],{},"that the result is a set",[141,102832,102833],{},"how many items remain",[45184,102835],{},[33,102837,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,102839,2082,102841,102843],{"id":102840},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102842,100518],{}," change the original set?",[20,102845,102846],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1404,102848,2094,102850,1233,102852,2099],{"id":102849},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102851,100518],{},[15,102853,101429],{},[20,102855,102856,102858,102859,102861],{},[15,102857,100518],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102860,101429],{}," modifies the original set.",[1404,102863,28593,102865,102867],{"id":102864},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102866,100518],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102869,102870],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1404,102872,102874],{"id":102873},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102876,102877],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45184,102879],{},[33,102881,2187],{"id":2186},[138,102883,102884,102888,102896],{},[141,102885,102886],{},[252,102887,96432],{"href":97603},[141,102889,102890],{},[252,102891,96918,102893,11006],{"href":102892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102894,102895],{},"intersection()",[141,102897,102898],{},[252,102899,96918,102901,11006],{"href":102900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102902,102903],{},"union()",[2210,102905,102906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":102908},[102909,102910,102912,102913,102914,102915,102917,102922,102924,102932,102941],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":100640,"depth":83,"text":102911},"What difference() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":101259,"depth":83,"text":102916},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101424,"depth":83,"text":102918,"children":102919},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102920,102921],{"id":3092,"depth":99,"text":100518},{"id":101577,"depth":99,"text":101429},{"id":101696,"depth":83,"text":102923},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":102925},[102926,102927,102928,102929,102930,102931],{"id":101966,"depth":99,"text":101967},{"id":102154,"depth":99,"text":102155},{"id":102305,"depth":99,"text":102306},{"id":102468,"depth":99,"text":102469},{"id":102553,"depth":99,"text":102554},{"id":102678,"depth":99,"text":102679},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":102933},[102934,102936,102938,102940],{"id":102840,"depth":99,"text":102935},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102849,"depth":99,"text":102937},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102864,"depth":99,"text":102939},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102873,"depth":99,"text":102874},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100510,"description":102942},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102949,"title":102950,"body":102951,"description":104646,"extension":2248,"meta":104647,"navigation":203,"path":104648,"seo":104649,"stem":104650,"__hash__":104651},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102952,"toc":104608},[102953,102959,102965,102978,102980,103081,103083,103128,103133,103138,103142,103156,103159,103167,103169,103188,103206,103210,103263,103265,103286,103293,103298,103325,103332,103431,103433,103470,103478,103482,103488,103491,103564,103566,103574,103579,103648,103650,103675,103677,103680,103783,103785,103846,103849,103853,103859,103932,103934,103967,103970,103973,104013,104019,104042,104047,104051,104062,104065,104067,104071,104077,104079,104136,104146,104148,104201,104208,104213,104281,104289,104295,104299,104301,104340,104345,104394,104398,104401,104403,104442,104445,104447,104452,104509,104511,104525,104527,104531,104537,104542,104547,104554,104565,104571,104576,104578,104605],[10,102954,96304,102956,18],{"id":102955},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102957,102958],{},"discard()",[20,102960,102961,102964],{},[15,102962,102963],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102966,102967,102968,2472,102973,14318,102975,102977],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[252,102969,102970],{"href":98313},[15,102971,102972],{},"set.remove()",[15,102974,102958],{},[4015,102976,4896],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[33,102979,36],{"id":35},[38,102981,102983],{"className":40,"code":102982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102984,102985,103017,103036,103046,103050,103071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102986,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102988,13339],{"class":53},[47,102990,58],{"class":57},[47,102992,10756],{"class":61},[47,102994,633],{"class":632},[47,102996,13356],{"class":636},[47,102998,633],{"class":632},[47,103000,69],{"class":61},[47,103002,644],{"class":632},[47,103004,13373],{"class":636},[47,103006,633],{"class":632},[47,103008,69],{"class":61},[47,103010,644],{"class":632},[47,103012,17721],{"class":636},[47,103014,633],{"class":632},[47,103016,9573],{"class":61},[47,103018,103019,103021,103023,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103020,17768],{"class":53},[47,103022,89],{"class":61},[47,103024,103025],{"class":92},"discard",[47,103027,106],{"class":61},[47,103029,633],{"class":632},[47,103031,13373],{"class":636},[47,103033,633],{"class":632},[47,103035,216],{"class":61},[47,103037,103038,103040,103042,103044],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103039,103],{"class":102},[47,103041,106],{"class":61},[47,103043,17768],{"class":92},[47,103045,216],{"class":61},[47,103047,103048],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103049,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103051,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,103053,17768],{"class":53},[47,103055,89],{"class":61},[47,103057,103025],{"class":92},[47,103059,106],{"class":61},[47,103061,633],{"class":632},[47,103063,22790],{"class":636},[47,103065,633],{"class":632},[47,103067,111],{"class":61},[47,103069,103070],{"class":114},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,103072,103073,103075,103077,103079],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,103074,103],{"class":102},[47,103076,106],{"class":61},[47,103078,17768],{"class":92},[47,103080,216],{"class":61},[20,103082,30295],{},[38,103084,103086],{"className":40,"code":103085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103087,103088,103108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103091,9542],{"class":61},[47,103093,699],{"class":632},[47,103095,13356],{"class":636},[47,103097,699],{"class":632},[47,103099,69],{"class":61},[47,103101,708],{"class":632},[47,103103,17721],{"class":636},[47,103105,699],{"class":632},[47,103107,9573],{"class":61},[47,103109,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103111,9542],{"class":61},[47,103113,699],{"class":632},[47,103115,13356],{"class":636},[47,103117,699],{"class":632},[47,103119,69],{"class":61},[47,103121,708],{"class":632},[47,103123,17721],{"class":636},[47,103125,699],{"class":632},[47,103127,9573],{"class":61},[20,103129,118,103130,103132],{},[15,103131,102958],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[33,103134,128,103136,131],{"id":103135},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103137,102963],{},[20,103139,103140,136],{},[15,103141,102958],{},[138,103143,103144,103147,103150,103152],{},[141,103145,103146],{},"Removes one item from a set",[141,103148,103149],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[141,103151,96419],{},[141,103153,149,103154],{},[15,103155,124],{},[20,103157,103158],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103160,96428,103161,3158,103164,89],{},[252,103162,103163],{"href":98895},"what a set is in Python",[252,103165,103166],{"href":97987},"how to create a set",[33,103168,259],{"id":258},[38,103170,103172],{"className":40,"code":103171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103173,103174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103175,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103177,15931],{"class":53},[47,103179,89],{"class":61},[47,103181,103025],{"class":92},[47,103183,106],{"class":61},[47,103185,2753],{"class":92},[47,103187,216],{"class":61},[138,103189,103190,103195,103200,103203],{},[141,103191,103192,103194],{},[15,103193,15931],{}," is the set you want to change",[141,103196,103197,103199],{},[15,103198,2753],{}," is the item you want to remove",[141,103201,103202],{},"The set must already exist",[141,103204,103205],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1404,103207,103209],{"id":103208},"example","Example",[38,103211,103213],{"className":40,"code":103212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103214,103215,103239,103253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103216,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103218,54],{"class":53},[47,103220,58],{"class":57},[47,103222,10756],{"class":61},[47,103224,232],{"class":65},[47,103226,69],{"class":61},[47,103228,77],{"class":65},[47,103230,69],{"class":61},[47,103232,442],{"class":65},[47,103234,69],{"class":61},[47,103236,402],{"class":65},[47,103238,9573],{"class":61},[47,103240,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103242,86],{"class":53},[47,103244,89],{"class":61},[47,103246,103025],{"class":92},[47,103248,106],{"class":61},[47,103250,66],{"class":65},[47,103252,216],{"class":61},[47,103254,103255,103257,103259,103261],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103256,103],{"class":102},[47,103258,106],{"class":61},[47,103260,86],{"class":92},[47,103262,216],{"class":61},[20,103264,219],{},[38,103266,103268],{"className":40,"code":103267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103269,103270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103271,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103273,9542],{"class":61},[47,103275,232],{"class":65},[47,103277,69],{"class":61},[47,103279,77],{"class":65},[47,103281,69],{"class":61},[47,103283,402],{"class":65},[47,103285,9573],{"class":61},[33,103287,103289,103290,103292],{"id":103288},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103291,102958],{}," different",[20,103294,103295,103297],{},[15,103296,102958],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[138,103299,103300,103313,103322],{},[141,103301,103302,103303,2472,103307,103309,103310,103312],{},"Unlike ",[252,103304,103305],{"href":98313},[15,103306,55795],{},[15,103308,102958],{}," does not raise ",[15,103311,19952],{}," when the item is missing",[141,103314,103302,103315,2472,103319,103321],{},[252,103316,103317],{"href":98318},[15,103318,13025],{},[15,103320,102958],{}," removes a specific item",[141,103323,103324],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1404,103326,103328,1225,103330],{"id":103327},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103329,102958],{},[15,103331,55795],{},[38,103333,103335],{"className":40,"code":103334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103336,103337,103361,103365,103386,103396,103400,103421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103338,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103340,1536],{"class":53},[47,103342,58],{"class":57},[47,103344,10756],{"class":61},[47,103346,633],{"class":632},[47,103348,647],{"class":636},[47,103350,633],{"class":632},[47,103352,69],{"class":61},[47,103354,644],{"class":632},[47,103356,637],{"class":636},[47,103358,633],{"class":632},[47,103360,9573],{"class":61},[47,103362,103363],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103364,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103366,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103368,1562],{"class":53},[47,103370,89],{"class":61},[47,103372,103025],{"class":92},[47,103374,106],{"class":61},[47,103376,633],{"class":632},[47,103378,33488],{"class":636},[47,103380,633],{"class":632},[47,103382,111],{"class":61},[47,103384,103385],{"class":114},"   # no error\n",[47,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103389,103],{"class":102},[47,103391,106],{"class":61},[47,103393,1562],{"class":92},[47,103395,216],{"class":61},[47,103397,103398],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,103399,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103401,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,103403,1562],{"class":53},[47,103405,89],{"class":61},[47,103407,35060],{"class":92},[47,103409,106],{"class":61},[47,103411,633],{"class":632},[47,103413,637],{"class":636},[47,103415,633],{"class":632},[47,103417,111],{"class":61},[47,103419,103420],{"class":114},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103422,103423,103425,103427,103429],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,103424,103],{"class":102},[47,103426,106],{"class":61},[47,103428,1562],{"class":92},[47,103430,216],{"class":61},[20,103432,219],{},[38,103434,103436],{"className":40,"code":103435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103437,103438,103458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103439,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103441,9542],{"class":61},[47,103443,699],{"class":632},[47,103445,647],{"class":636},[47,103447,699],{"class":632},[47,103449,69],{"class":61},[47,103451,708],{"class":632},[47,103453,637],{"class":636},[47,103455,699],{"class":632},[47,103457,9573],{"class":61},[47,103459,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103461,9542],{"class":61},[47,103463,699],{"class":632},[47,103465,647],{"class":636},[47,103467,699],{"class":632},[47,103469,9573],{"class":61},[20,103471,40608,103472,103474,103475,103477],{},[15,103473,55795],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[252,103476,11341],{"href":11340}," for more help with that case.",[33,103479,103481],{"id":103480},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103483,103484,2057,103486,89],{},[15,103485,102958],{},[15,103487,124],{},[20,103489,103490],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,103492,103494],{"className":40,"code":103493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103495,103496,103528,103550,103554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103497,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103499,13339],{"class":53},[47,103501,58],{"class":57},[47,103503,10756],{"class":61},[47,103505,633],{"class":632},[47,103507,13356],{"class":636},[47,103509,633],{"class":632},[47,103511,69],{"class":61},[47,103513,644],{"class":632},[47,103515,13373],{"class":636},[47,103517,633],{"class":632},[47,103519,69],{"class":61},[47,103521,644],{"class":632},[47,103523,17721],{"class":636},[47,103525,633],{"class":632},[47,103527,9573],{"class":61},[47,103529,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103531,1442],{"class":53},[47,103533,58],{"class":57},[47,103535,13387],{"class":53},[47,103537,89],{"class":61},[47,103539,103025],{"class":92},[47,103541,106],{"class":61},[47,103543,633],{"class":632},[47,103545,13373],{"class":636},[47,103547,633],{"class":632},[47,103549,216],{"class":61},[47,103551,103552],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103553,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103555,103556,103558,103560,103562],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103557,103],{"class":102},[47,103559,106],{"class":61},[47,103561,1466],{"class":92},[47,103563,216],{"class":61},[20,103565,219],{},[38,103567,103568],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,103569,103570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103571,103572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103573,1490],{"class":284},[20,103575,103576,103577,136],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103578,17768],{},[38,103580,103582],{"className":40,"code":103581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103583,103584,103616,103634,103638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103585,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103587,13339],{"class":53},[47,103589,58],{"class":57},[47,103591,10756],{"class":61},[47,103593,633],{"class":632},[47,103595,13356],{"class":636},[47,103597,633],{"class":632},[47,103599,69],{"class":61},[47,103601,644],{"class":632},[47,103603,13373],{"class":636},[47,103605,633],{"class":632},[47,103607,69],{"class":61},[47,103609,644],{"class":632},[47,103611,17721],{"class":636},[47,103613,633],{"class":632},[47,103615,9573],{"class":61},[47,103617,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103619,17768],{"class":53},[47,103621,89],{"class":61},[47,103623,103025],{"class":92},[47,103625,106],{"class":61},[47,103627,633],{"class":632},[47,103629,13373],{"class":636},[47,103631,633],{"class":632},[47,103633,216],{"class":61},[47,103635,103636],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103637,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103639,103640,103642,103644,103646],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103641,103],{"class":102},[47,103643,106],{"class":61},[47,103645,17768],{"class":92},[47,103647,216],{"class":61},[20,103649,219],{},[38,103651,103653],{"className":40,"code":103652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103654,103655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103656,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103658,9542],{"class":61},[47,103660,699],{"class":632},[47,103662,13356],{"class":636},[47,103664,699],{"class":632},[47,103666,69],{"class":61},[47,103668,708],{"class":632},[47,103670,17721],{"class":636},[47,103672,699],{"class":632},[47,103674,9573],{"class":61},[33,103676,11739],{"id":11738},[20,103678,103679],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,103681,103683],{"className":40,"code":103682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103684,103685,103717,103721,103739,103743,103761,103765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103686,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103688,36504],{"class":53},[47,103690,58],{"class":57},[47,103692,10756],{"class":61},[47,103694,633],{"class":632},[47,103696,647],{"class":636},[47,103698,633],{"class":632},[47,103700,69],{"class":61},[47,103702,644],{"class":632},[47,103704,637],{"class":636},[47,103706,633],{"class":632},[47,103708,69],{"class":61},[47,103710,644],{"class":632},[47,103712,33488],{"class":636},[47,103714,633],{"class":632},[47,103716,9573],{"class":61},[47,103718,103719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103720,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103722,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103724,103],{"class":102},[47,103726,106],{"class":61},[47,103728,633],{"class":632},[47,103730,11828],{"class":636},[47,103732,633],{"class":632},[47,103734,69],{"class":61},[47,103736,53121],{"class":92},[47,103738,216],{"class":61},[47,103740,103741],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103742,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103744,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,103746,36556],{"class":53},[47,103748,89],{"class":61},[47,103750,103025],{"class":92},[47,103752,106],{"class":61},[47,103754,633],{"class":632},[47,103756,637],{"class":636},[47,103758,633],{"class":632},[47,103760,216],{"class":61},[47,103762,103763],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,103764,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103766,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,103768,103],{"class":102},[47,103770,106],{"class":61},[47,103772,633],{"class":632},[47,103774,11868],{"class":636},[47,103776,633],{"class":632},[47,103778,69],{"class":61},[47,103780,53121],{"class":92},[47,103782,216],{"class":61},[20,103784,219],{},[38,103786,103788],{"className":40,"code":103787,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103789,103790,103822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103791,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103793,11888],{"class":53},[47,103795,136],{"class":61},[47,103797,10756],{"class":61},[47,103799,699],{"class":632},[47,103801,637],{"class":636},[47,103803,699],{"class":632},[47,103805,69],{"class":61},[47,103807,708],{"class":632},[47,103809,647],{"class":636},[47,103811,699],{"class":632},[47,103813,69],{"class":61},[47,103815,708],{"class":632},[47,103817,33488],{"class":636},[47,103819,699],{"class":632},[47,103821,9573],{"class":61},[47,103823,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103825,11941],{"class":53},[47,103827,136],{"class":61},[47,103829,10756],{"class":61},[47,103831,699],{"class":632},[47,103833,647],{"class":636},[47,103835,699],{"class":632},[47,103837,69],{"class":61},[47,103839,708],{"class":632},[47,103841,33488],{"class":636},[47,103843,699],{"class":632},[47,103845,9573],{"class":61},[20,103847,103848],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[33,103850,103852],{"id":103851},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103854,103855,103856,103858],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103857,102958],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,103860,103862],{"className":40,"code":103861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103863,103864,103896,103900,103918,103922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103865,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103867,36504],{"class":53},[47,103869,58],{"class":57},[47,103871,10756],{"class":61},[47,103873,633],{"class":632},[47,103875,647],{"class":636},[47,103877,633],{"class":632},[47,103879,69],{"class":61},[47,103881,644],{"class":632},[47,103883,637],{"class":636},[47,103885,633],{"class":632},[47,103887,69],{"class":61},[47,103889,644],{"class":632},[47,103891,33488],{"class":636},[47,103893,633],{"class":632},[47,103895,9573],{"class":61},[47,103897,103898],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103899,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103901,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,103903,36556],{"class":53},[47,103905,89],{"class":61},[47,103907,103025],{"class":92},[47,103909,106],{"class":61},[47,103911,633],{"class":632},[47,103913,22799],{"class":636},[47,103915,633],{"class":632},[47,103917,216],{"class":61},[47,103919,103920],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,103921,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,103923,103924,103926,103928,103930],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,103925,103],{"class":102},[47,103927,106],{"class":61},[47,103929,36556],{"class":92},[47,103931,216],{"class":61},[20,103933,219],{},[38,103935,103937],{"className":40,"code":103936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103938,103939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103940,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103942,9542],{"class":61},[47,103944,699],{"class":632},[47,103946,637],{"class":636},[47,103948,699],{"class":632},[47,103950,69],{"class":61},[47,103952,708],{"class":632},[47,103954,647],{"class":636},[47,103956,699],{"class":632},[47,103958,69],{"class":61},[47,103960,708],{"class":632},[47,103962,33488],{"class":636},[47,103964,699],{"class":632},[47,103966,9573],{"class":61},[20,103968,103969],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103971,103972],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,103974,103976],{"className":40,"code":103975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103977,103978,103994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103979,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103981,7262],{"class":2027},[47,103983,644],{"class":632},[47,103985,22799],{"class":636},[47,103987,633],{"class":632},[47,103989,21439],{"class":57},[47,103991,53121],{"class":53},[47,103993,6657],{"class":61},[47,103995,103996,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,103997,103998],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,104000,89],{"class":61},[47,104002,35060],{"class":92},[47,104004,106],{"class":61},[47,104006,633],{"class":632},[47,104008,22799],{"class":636},[47,104010,633],{"class":632},[47,104012,216],{"class":61},[20,104014,104015,104016,104018],{},"With ",[15,104017,102958],{},", you can simply write:",[38,104020,104022],{"className":40,"code":104021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104023,104024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104025,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104027,36556],{"class":53},[47,104029,89],{"class":61},[47,104031,103025],{"class":92},[47,104033,106],{"class":61},[47,104035,633],{"class":632},[47,104037,22799],{"class":636},[47,104039,633],{"class":632},[47,104041,216],{"class":61},[33,104043,5227,104045],{"id":104044},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104046,102958],{},[20,104048,118,104049,10866],{},[15,104050,102958],{},[138,104052,104053,104056,104059],{},[141,104054,104055],{},"Missing values are normal",[141,104057,104058],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[141,104060,104061],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104063,104064],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[33,104066,1397],{"id":1396},[20,104068,8711,104069,89],{},[15,104070,102958],{},[1404,104072,8717,104074,104076],{"id":104073},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104075,102958],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104078,4791],{},[38,104080,104082],{"className":40,"code":104081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104083,104084,104104,104122,104126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104087,54],{"class":53},[47,104089,58],{"class":57},[47,104091,10756],{"class":61},[47,104093,232],{"class":65},[47,104095,69],{"class":61},[47,104097,77],{"class":65},[47,104099,69],{"class":61},[47,104101,442],{"class":65},[47,104103,9573],{"class":61},[47,104105,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104107,54],{"class":53},[47,104109,58],{"class":57},[47,104111,1447],{"class":53},[47,104113,89],{"class":61},[47,104115,103025],{"class":92},[47,104117,106],{"class":61},[47,104119,2340],{"class":65},[47,104121,216],{"class":61},[47,104123,104124],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104125,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,104127,104128,104130,104132,104134],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,104129,103],{"class":102},[47,104131,106],{"class":61},[47,104133,86],{"class":92},[47,104135,216],{"class":61},[20,104137,104138,42421,104140,8866,104142,2057,104144,89],{},[15,104139,86],{},[15,104141,124],{},[15,104143,102958],{},[15,104145,124],{},[20,104147,19105],{},[38,104149,104151],{"className":40,"code":104150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104152,104153,104173,104187,104191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104154,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104156,54],{"class":53},[47,104158,58],{"class":57},[47,104160,10756],{"class":61},[47,104162,232],{"class":65},[47,104164,69],{"class":61},[47,104166,77],{"class":65},[47,104168,69],{"class":61},[47,104170,442],{"class":65},[47,104172,9573],{"class":61},[47,104174,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104176,86],{"class":53},[47,104178,89],{"class":61},[47,104180,103025],{"class":92},[47,104182,106],{"class":61},[47,104184,2340],{"class":65},[47,104186,216],{"class":61},[47,104188,104189],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104190,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,104192,104193,104195,104197,104199],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,104194,103],{"class":102},[47,104196,106],{"class":61},[47,104198,86],{"class":92},[47,104200,216],{"class":61},[1404,104202,37468,104204,8968,104206],{"id":104203},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104205,102958],{},[15,104207,55795],{},[20,104209,104210,104211,89],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104212,102958],{},[38,104214,104216],{"className":40,"code":104215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104217,104218,104250,104271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104219,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104221,1639],{"class":53},[47,104223,58],{"class":57},[47,104225,10756],{"class":61},[47,104227,633],{"class":632},[47,104229,252],{"class":636},[47,104231,633],{"class":632},[47,104233,69],{"class":61},[47,104235,644],{"class":632},[47,104237,5026],{"class":636},[47,104239,633],{"class":632},[47,104241,69],{"class":61},[47,104243,644],{"class":632},[47,104245,10004],{"class":636},[47,104247,633],{"class":632},[47,104249,9573],{"class":61},[47,104251,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104253,1659],{"class":53},[47,104255,89],{"class":61},[47,104257,103025],{"class":92},[47,104259,106],{"class":61},[47,104261,633],{"class":632},[47,104263,22343],{"class":636},[47,104265,633],{"class":632},[47,104267,111],{"class":61},[47,104269,104270],{"class":114},"   # safe\n",[47,104272,104273,104275,104277,104279],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104274,103],{"class":102},[47,104276,106],{"class":61},[47,104278,1659],{"class":92},[47,104280,216],{"class":61},[20,104282,104283,104284,46176,104287,89],{},"If you use ",[15,104285,104286],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104288,19952],{},[1404,104290,25881,104292,104294],{"id":104291},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104293,102958],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104296,104297,102311],{},[15,104298,102958],{},[20,104300,1590],{},[38,104302,104304],{"className":40,"code":104303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104305,104306,104326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104307,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104309,1536],{"class":53},[47,104311,58],{"class":57},[47,104313,62],{"class":61},[47,104315,232],{"class":65},[47,104317,69],{"class":61},[47,104319,77],{"class":65},[47,104321,69],{"class":61},[47,104323,442],{"class":65},[47,104325,80],{"class":61},[47,104327,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104329,1562],{"class":53},[47,104331,89],{"class":61},[47,104333,103025],{"class":92},[47,104335,106],{"class":61},[47,104337,2340],{"class":65},[47,104339,216],{"class":61},[20,104341,104342,104343,136],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104344,102958],{},[38,104346,104348],{"className":40,"code":104347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104349,104350,104370,104384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104351,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104353,1536],{"class":53},[47,104355,58],{"class":57},[47,104357,10756],{"class":61},[47,104359,232],{"class":65},[47,104361,69],{"class":61},[47,104363,77],{"class":65},[47,104365,69],{"class":61},[47,104367,442],{"class":65},[47,104369,9573],{"class":61},[47,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104373,1562],{"class":53},[47,104375,89],{"class":61},[47,104377,103025],{"class":92},[47,104379,106],{"class":61},[47,104381,2340],{"class":65},[47,104383,216],{"class":61},[47,104385,104386,104388,104390,104392],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104387,103],{"class":102},[47,104389,106],{"class":61},[47,104391,1562],{"class":92},[47,104393,216],{"class":61},[1404,104395,104397],{"id":104396},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104399,104400],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104402,3116],{},[38,104404,104406],{"className":40,"code":104405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104407,104408,104428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104409,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104411,9430],{"class":53},[47,104413,58],{"class":57},[47,104415,10756],{"class":61},[47,104417,232],{"class":65},[47,104419,69],{"class":61},[47,104421,77],{"class":65},[47,104423,69],{"class":61},[47,104425,442],{"class":65},[47,104427,9573],{"class":61},[47,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104431,9468],{"class":53},[47,104433,89],{"class":61},[47,104435,103025],{"class":92},[47,104437,2015],{"class":61},[47,104439,2340],{"class":65},[47,104441,2040],{"class":61},[20,104443,104444],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[33,104446,9136],{"id":9135},[20,104448,9139,104449,104451],{},[15,104450,102958],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,104453,104455],{"className":40,"code":104454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104456,104457,104467,104481,104495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104458,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104460,103],{"class":102},[47,104462,106],{"class":61},[47,104464,15931],{"class":92},[47,104466,216],{"class":61},[47,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104470,103],{"class":102},[47,104472,106],{"class":61},[47,104474,1971],{"class":882},[47,104476,106],{"class":61},[47,104478,15931],{"class":92},[47,104480,1978],{"class":61},[47,104482,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104484,103],{"class":102},[47,104486,106],{"class":61},[47,104488,2728],{"class":92},[47,104490,2034],{"class":2027},[47,104492,97028],{"class":92},[47,104494,216],{"class":61},[47,104496,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,104498,32419],{"class":102},[47,104500,106],{"class":61},[47,104502,6551],{"class":882},[47,104504,89],{"class":61},[47,104506,103025],{"class":888},[47,104508,216],{"class":61},[20,104510,2043],{},[138,104512,104513,104516,104519,104522],{},[141,104514,104515],{},"What is currently in the set",[141,104517,104518],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[141,104520,104521],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[141,104523,104524],{},"How Python documents the method",[33,104526,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,104528,104530],{"id":104529},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104532,104533,104534,104536],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104535,102958],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1404,104538,5408,104540,12978],{"id":104539},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104541,102963],{},[20,104543,5414,104544,104546],{},[15,104545,124],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1404,104548,2094,104550,1233,104552,2099],{"id":104549},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104551,102958],{},[15,104553,55795],{},[20,104555,104556,104557,26802,104559,104561,104562,104564],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104558,55795],{},[15,104560,19952],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104563,102958],{}," does not.",[1404,104566,28593,104568,104570],{"id":104567},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104569,102958],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104572,46633,104573,104575],{},[15,104574,102958],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[33,104577,2187],{"id":2186},[138,104579,104580,104586,104592,104597,104601],{},[141,104581,104582],{},[252,104583,96918,104584,11006],{"href":98313},[15,104585,55795],{},[141,104587,104588],{},[252,104589,96918,104590,11006],{"href":98318},[15,104591,13025],{},[141,104593,104594],{},[252,104595,104596],{"href":97987},"Python set: creating a set",[141,104598,104599],{},[252,104600,100453],{"href":98895},[141,104602,104603],{},[252,104604,11527],{"href":11340},[2210,104606,104607],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":104609},[104610,104611,104613,104616,104621,104622,104623,104624,104626,104635,104636,104645],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":103135,"depth":83,"text":104612},"What set.discard() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":104614},[104615],{"id":103208,"depth":99,"text":103209},{"id":103288,"depth":83,"text":104617,"children":104618},"What makes discard() different",[104619],{"id":103327,"depth":99,"text":104620},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103480,"depth":83,"text":103481},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":103851,"depth":83,"text":103852},{"id":104044,"depth":83,"text":104625},"When to use discard()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":104627},[104628,104630,104632,104634],{"id":104073,"depth":99,"text":104629},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104203,"depth":99,"text":104631},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104291,"depth":99,"text":104633},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104396,"depth":99,"text":104397},{"id":9135,"depth":83,"text":9136},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":104637},[104638,104639,104641,104643],{"id":104529,"depth":99,"text":104530},{"id":104539,"depth":99,"text":104640},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104549,"depth":99,"text":104642},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104567,"depth":99,"text":104644},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102950,"description":104646},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104653,"title":104654,"body":104655,"description":106661,"extension":2248,"meta":106662,"navigation":203,"path":106663,"seo":106664,"stem":106665,"__hash__":106666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104656,"toc":106619},[104657,104660,104668,104673,104684,104686,104741,104745,104765,104770,104774,104779,104781,104795,104797,104872,104874,104907,104912,104917,104919,104921,104936,104939,104947,104952,104967,104969,105058,105060,105149,105155,105159,105161,105199,105201,105225,105228,105243,105245,105300,105302,105335,105337,105342,105346,105350,105355,105420,105422,105442,105448,105452,105509,105511,105532,105536,105541,105586,105588,105621,105624,105628,105661,105663,105692,105696,105700,105703,105705,105724,105726,105772,105777,105791,105793,105824,105829,105832,105876,105878,105906,105910,105914,105930,105933,105998,106000,106012,106015,106019,106022,106027,106055,106057,106075,106081,106120,106122,106140,106146,106175,106177,106195,106198,106215,106217,106222,106226,106229,106255,106262,106267,106282,106291,106295,106298,106329,106335,106338,106347,106350,106352,106354,106412,106415,106440,106442,106446,106449,106453,106461,106465,106468,106472,106475,106477,106500,106502,106543,106550,106558,106561,106592,106594,106616],[10,104658,104654],{"id":104659},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104661,9387,104662,104664,104665,89],{},[15,104663,4069],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[4015,104666,104667],{},"unique values only",[20,104669,35671,104670,104672],{},[15,104671,4069],{}," to:",[138,104674,104675,104678,104681],{},[141,104676,104677],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[141,104679,104680],{},"check whether a value exists",[141,104682,104683],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[33,104685,36],{"id":35},[38,104687,104689],{"className":40,"code":104688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104690,104691,104715,104730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104692,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104694,54],{"class":53},[47,104696,58],{"class":57},[47,104698,62],{"class":61},[47,104700,232],{"class":65},[47,104702,69],{"class":61},[47,104704,77],{"class":65},[47,104706,69],{"class":61},[47,104708,77],{"class":65},[47,104710,69],{"class":61},[47,104712,442],{"class":65},[47,104714,80],{"class":61},[47,104716,104717,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104718,104719],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104721,58],{"class":57},[47,104723,15898],{"class":882},[47,104725,106],{"class":61},[47,104727,86],{"class":92},[47,104729,216],{"class":61},[47,104731,104732,104734,104736,104739],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104733,103],{"class":102},[47,104735,106],{"class":61},[47,104737,104738],{"class":92},"unique_numbers",[47,104740,216],{"class":61},[20,104742,104743],{},[4015,104744,219],{},[38,104746,104747],{"className":40,"code":96711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104748,104749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104750,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104752,9542],{"class":61},[47,104754,232],{"class":65},[47,104756,69],{"class":61},[47,104758,77],{"class":65},[47,104760,69],{"class":61},[47,104762,442],{"class":65},[47,104764,9573],{"class":61},[20,104766,118,104767,104769],{},[15,104768,4069],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[33,104771,104773],{"id":104772},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104775,104776,104778],{},[15,104777,4069],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104780,30806],{},[138,104782,104783,104786,104789,104792],{},[141,104784,104785],{},"A set stores unique items only",[141,104787,104788],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[141,104790,104791],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[141,104793,104794],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104796,318],{},[38,104798,104800],{"className":40,"code":104799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104801,104802,104842,104857,104861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104803,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104805,13339],{"class":53},[47,104807,58],{"class":57},[47,104809,62],{"class":61},[47,104811,633],{"class":632},[47,104813,13356],{"class":636},[47,104815,633],{"class":632},[47,104817,69],{"class":61},[47,104819,644],{"class":632},[47,104821,13373],{"class":636},[47,104823,633],{"class":632},[47,104825,69],{"class":61},[47,104827,644],{"class":632},[47,104829,13356],{"class":636},[47,104831,633],{"class":632},[47,104833,69],{"class":61},[47,104835,644],{"class":632},[47,104837,17721],{"class":636},[47,104839,633],{"class":632},[47,104841,80],{"class":61},[47,104843,104844,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,104845,104846],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104848,58],{"class":57},[47,104850,15898],{"class":882},[47,104852,106],{"class":61},[47,104854,17768],{"class":92},[47,104856,216],{"class":61},[47,104858,104859],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,104860,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,104862,104863,104865,104867,104870],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,104864,103],{"class":102},[47,104866,106],{"class":61},[47,104868,104869],{"class":92},"unique_colors",[47,104871,216],{"class":61},[20,104873,30295],{},[38,104875,104877],{"className":40,"code":104876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104878,104879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104880,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104882,9542],{"class":61},[47,104884,699],{"class":632},[47,104886,13373],{"class":636},[47,104888,699],{"class":632},[47,104890,69],{"class":61},[47,104892,708],{"class":632},[47,104894,17721],{"class":636},[47,104896,699],{"class":632},[47,104898,69],{"class":61},[47,104900,708],{"class":632},[47,104902,13356],{"class":636},[47,104904,699],{"class":632},[47,104906,9573],{"class":61},[20,104908,2568,104909,104911],{},[15,104910,65652],{}," appears only once.",[20,104913,104914,104915,89],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[252,104916,96432],{"href":96431},[33,104918,259],{"id":258},[20,104920,2442],{},[38,104922,104924],{"className":40,"code":104923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104925,104926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104927,104928,104930,104932,104934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104929,6551],{"class":882},[47,104931,106],{"class":61},[47,104933,3992],{"class":92},[47,104935,216],{"class":61},[20,104937,104938],{},"The argument is optional.",[138,104940,104941,104944],{},[141,104942,104943],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[141,104945,104946],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104948,104949,104950,136],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104951,4069],{},[138,104953,104954,104956,104958,104960,104964],{},[141,104955,8358],{},[141,104957,49222],{},[141,104959,61436],{},[141,104961,104962],{},[15,104963,36463],{},[141,104965,104966],{},"another set",[20,104968,2409],{},[38,104970,104972],{"className":40,"code":104971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104973,104974,105000,105022,105040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104975,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104977,103],{"class":102},[47,104979,106],{"class":61},[47,104981,6551],{"class":882},[47,104983,2015],{"class":61},[47,104985,232],{"class":65},[47,104987,69],{"class":61},[47,104989,77],{"class":65},[47,104991,69],{"class":61},[47,104993,77],{"class":65},[47,104995,69],{"class":61},[47,104997,442],{"class":65},[47,104999,3278],{"class":61},[47,105001,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105003,103],{"class":102},[47,105005,106],{"class":61},[47,105007,6551],{"class":882},[47,105009,5777],{"class":61},[47,105011,437],{"class":65},[47,105013,69],{"class":61},[47,105015,8054],{"class":65},[47,105017,69],{"class":61},[47,105019,503],{"class":65},[47,105021,3192],{"class":61},[47,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105025,103],{"class":102},[47,105027,106],{"class":61},[47,105029,6551],{"class":882},[47,105031,106],{"class":61},[47,105033,633],{"class":632},[47,105035,4118],{"class":636},[47,105037,633],{"class":632},[47,105039,1978],{"class":61},[47,105041,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105043,103],{"class":102},[47,105045,106],{"class":61},[47,105047,6551],{"class":882},[47,105049,106],{"class":61},[47,105051,60264],{"class":102},[47,105053,106],{"class":61},[47,105055,334],{"class":65},[47,105057,3192],{"class":61},[20,105059,30295],{},[38,105061,105063],{"className":40,"code":105062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105064,105065,105081,105093,105129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105066,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105068,9542],{"class":61},[47,105070,232],{"class":65},[47,105072,69],{"class":61},[47,105074,77],{"class":65},[47,105076,69],{"class":61},[47,105078,442],{"class":65},[47,105080,9573],{"class":61},[47,105082,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105084,9542],{"class":61},[47,105086,437],{"class":65},[47,105088,69],{"class":61},[47,105090,8054],{"class":65},[47,105092,9573],{"class":61},[47,105094,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105096,9542],{"class":61},[47,105098,699],{"class":632},[47,105100,1695],{"class":636},[47,105102,699],{"class":632},[47,105104,69],{"class":61},[47,105106,708],{"class":632},[47,105108,60712],{"class":636},[47,105110,699],{"class":632},[47,105112,69],{"class":61},[47,105114,708],{"class":632},[47,105116,60721],{"class":636},[47,105118,699],{"class":632},[47,105120,69],{"class":61},[47,105122,708],{"class":632},[47,105124,1713],{"class":636},[47,105126,699],{"class":632},[47,105128,9573],{"class":61},[47,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105132,9542],{"class":61},[47,105134,2403],{"class":65},[47,105136,69],{"class":61},[47,105138,72],{"class":65},[47,105140,69],{"class":61},[47,105142,77],{"class":65},[47,105144,69],{"class":61},[47,105146,442],{"class":65},[47,105148,9573],{"class":61},[20,105150,105151,105152,89],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[252,105153,105154],{"href":65107},"Python list() function explained",[33,105156,105158],{"id":105157},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105160,98384],{},[38,105162,105163],{"className":40,"code":99349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105164,105165,105175,105185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105166,105167,105169,105171,105173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105168,98394],{"class":53},[47,105170,58],{"class":57},[47,105172,15898],{"class":882},[47,105174,96],{"class":61},[47,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105178,103],{"class":102},[47,105180,106],{"class":61},[47,105182,98413],{"class":92},[47,105184,216],{"class":61},[47,105186,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105188,103],{"class":102},[47,105190,106],{"class":61},[47,105192,1971],{"class":882},[47,105194,106],{"class":61},[47,105196,98413],{"class":92},[47,105198,1978],{"class":61},[20,105200,219],{},[38,105202,105203],{"className":40,"code":99392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105204,105205,105211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105206,105207,105209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105208,6551],{"class":882},[47,105210,96],{"class":61},[47,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105214,3568],{"class":57},[47,105216,3571],{"class":2348},[47,105218,708],{"class":632},[47,105220,6551],{"class":636},[47,105222,699],{"class":632},[47,105224,3580],{"class":57},[20,105226,105227],{},"This is important because:",[138,105229,105230,105235],{},[141,105231,105232,105234],{},[15,105233,4069],{}," creates an empty set",[141,105236,105237,105239,105240,105242],{},[15,105238,4064],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[4015,105241,4896],{}," a set",[20,105244,318],{},[38,105246,105248],{"className":40,"code":105247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105249,105250,105260,105268,105272,105286],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105251,105252,105254,105256,105258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105253,2834],{"class":53},[47,105255,58],{"class":57},[47,105257,15898],{"class":882},[47,105259,96],{"class":61},[47,105261,105262,105264,105266],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105263,2862],{"class":53},[47,105265,58],{"class":57},[47,105267,10103],{"class":61},[47,105269,105270],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105271,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105275,103],{"class":102},[47,105277,106],{"class":61},[47,105279,1971],{"class":882},[47,105281,106],{"class":61},[47,105283,252],{"class":92},[47,105285,1978],{"class":61},[47,105287,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,105289,103],{"class":102},[47,105291,106],{"class":61},[47,105293,1971],{"class":882},[47,105295,106],{"class":61},[47,105297,5026],{"class":92},[47,105299,1978],{"class":61},[20,105301,219],{},[38,105303,105305],{"className":40,"code":105304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105306,105307,105321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105308,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105310,3568],{"class":57},[47,105312,3571],{"class":2348},[47,105314,708],{"class":632},[47,105316,6551],{"class":636},[47,105318,699],{"class":632},[47,105320,3580],{"class":57},[47,105322,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105324,3568],{"class":57},[47,105326,3571],{"class":2348},[47,105328,708],{"class":632},[47,105330,9085],{"class":636},[47,105332,699],{"class":632},[47,105334,3580],{"class":57},[20,105336,14313],{},[20,105338,105339,105340,89],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[252,105341,104596],{"href":96435},[33,105343,105345],{"id":105344},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1404,105347,105349],{"id":105348},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105351,105352,105353,89],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105354,4069],{},[38,105356,105358],{"className":40,"code":105357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105359,105360,105392,105406,105410],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105361,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105363,54],{"class":53},[47,105365,58],{"class":57},[47,105367,62],{"class":61},[47,105369,232],{"class":65},[47,105371,69],{"class":61},[47,105373,77],{"class":65},[47,105375,69],{"class":61},[47,105377,77],{"class":65},[47,105379,69],{"class":61},[47,105381,442],{"class":65},[47,105383,69],{"class":61},[47,105385,442],{"class":65},[47,105387,69],{"class":61},[47,105389,442],{"class":65},[47,105391,80],{"class":61},[47,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105395,1442],{"class":53},[47,105397,58],{"class":57},[47,105399,15898],{"class":882},[47,105401,106],{"class":61},[47,105403,86],{"class":92},[47,105405,216],{"class":61},[47,105407,105408],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105409,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105413,103],{"class":102},[47,105415,106],{"class":61},[47,105417,1466],{"class":92},[47,105419,216],{"class":61},[20,105421,219],{},[38,105423,105424],{"className":40,"code":96711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105425,105426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105427,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105429,9542],{"class":61},[47,105431,232],{"class":65},[47,105433,69],{"class":61},[47,105435,77],{"class":65},[47,105437,69],{"class":61},[47,105439,442],{"class":65},[47,105441,9573],{"class":61},[20,105443,105444,105445,89],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[252,105446,99182],{"href":105447},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1404,105449,105451],{"id":105450},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,105453,105455],{"className":40,"code":105454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105456,105457,105481,105495,105499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105460,4095],{"class":53},[47,105462,58],{"class":57},[47,105464,9500],{"class":61},[47,105466,173],{"class":65},[47,105468,69],{"class":61},[47,105470,241],{"class":65},[47,105472,69],{"class":61},[47,105474,503],{"class":65},[47,105476,69],{"class":61},[47,105478,38201],{"class":65},[47,105480,216],{"class":61},[47,105482,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105484,1442],{"class":53},[47,105486,58],{"class":57},[47,105488,15898],{"class":882},[47,105490,106],{"class":61},[47,105492,5625],{"class":92},[47,105494,216],{"class":61},[47,105496,105497],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105498,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,105500,105501,105503,105505,105507],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105502,103],{"class":102},[47,105504,106],{"class":61},[47,105506,1466],{"class":92},[47,105508,216],{"class":61},[20,105510,219],{},[38,105512,105514],{"className":40,"code":105513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105515,105516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105517,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105519,9542],{"class":61},[47,105521,173],{"class":65},[47,105523,69],{"class":61},[47,105525,503],{"class":65},[47,105527,69],{"class":61},[47,105529,38201],{"class":65},[47,105531,9573],{"class":61},[1404,105533,105535],{"id":105534},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105537,51396,105538,105540],{},[15,105539,4069],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,105542,105544],{"className":40,"code":105543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105545,105546,105558,105572,105576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105547,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105549,1600],{"class":53},[47,105551,58],{"class":57},[47,105553,644],{"class":632},[47,105555,637],{"class":636},[47,105557,1609],{"class":632},[47,105559,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105561,1442],{"class":53},[47,105563,58],{"class":57},[47,105565,15898],{"class":882},[47,105567,106],{"class":61},[47,105569,1614],{"class":92},[47,105571,216],{"class":61},[47,105573,105574],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105575,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,105577,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105579,103],{"class":102},[47,105581,106],{"class":61},[47,105583,1466],{"class":92},[47,105585,216],{"class":61},[20,105587,30295],{},[38,105589,105591],{"className":40,"code":105590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105592,105593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105594,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105596,9542],{"class":61},[47,105598,699],{"class":632},[47,105600,5026],{"class":636},[47,105602,699],{"class":632},[47,105604,69],{"class":61},[47,105606,708],{"class":632},[47,105608,252],{"class":636},[47,105610,699],{"class":632},[47,105612,69],{"class":61},[47,105614,708],{"class":632},[47,105616,1704],{"class":636},[47,105618,699],{"class":632},[47,105620,9573],{"class":61},[20,105622,105623],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1404,105625,105627],{"id":105626},"from-range","From range()",[38,105629,105631],{"className":40,"code":105630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105632,105633,105651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105634,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105636,1442],{"class":53},[47,105638,58],{"class":57},[47,105640,15898],{"class":882},[47,105642,106],{"class":61},[47,105644,60264],{"class":102},[47,105646,106],{"class":61},[47,105648,173],{"class":65},[47,105650,1978],{"class":61},[47,105652,105653,105655,105657,105659],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105654,103],{"class":102},[47,105656,106],{"class":61},[47,105658,1466],{"class":92},[47,105660,216],{"class":61},[20,105662,219],{},[38,105664,105666],{"className":40,"code":105665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105667,105668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105669,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105671,9542],{"class":61},[47,105673,2403],{"class":65},[47,105675,69],{"class":61},[47,105677,72],{"class":65},[47,105679,69],{"class":61},[47,105681,77],{"class":65},[47,105683,69],{"class":61},[47,105685,442],{"class":65},[47,105687,69],{"class":61},[47,105689,402],{"class":65},[47,105691,9573],{"class":61},[33,105693,105695],{"id":105694},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105697,99629,105698,89],{},[4015,105699,96475],{},[20,105701,105702],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105704,99635],{},[138,105706,105707,105711,105715,105719],{},[141,105708,105709],{},[15,105710,2471],{},[141,105712,105713],{},[15,105714,883],{},[141,105716,105717],{},[15,105718,2475],{},[141,105720,105721,105723],{},[15,105722,49222],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105725,318],{},[38,105727,105729],{"className":40,"code":105728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105730,105731,105762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105732,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105734,1536],{"class":53},[47,105736,58],{"class":57},[47,105738,10756],{"class":61},[47,105740,232],{"class":65},[47,105742,69],{"class":61},[47,105744,644],{"class":632},[47,105746,4118],{"class":636},[47,105748,633],{"class":632},[47,105750,69],{"class":61},[47,105752,9500],{"class":61},[47,105754,437],{"class":65},[47,105756,69],{"class":61},[47,105758,8054],{"class":65},[47,105760,105761],{"class":61},")}\n",[47,105763,105764,105766,105768,105770],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105765,103],{"class":102},[47,105767,106],{"class":61},[47,105769,1562],{"class":92},[47,105771,216],{"class":61},[20,105773,99697,105774,105776],{},[4015,105775,4896],{}," work inside a set:",[138,105778,105779,105783,105787],{},[141,105780,105781],{},[15,105782,8358],{},[141,105784,105785],{},[15,105786,9085],{},[141,105788,105789],{},[15,105790,6551],{},[20,105792,97200],{},[38,105794,105796],{"className":40,"code":105795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105797,105798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105799,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105801,99716],{"class":53},[47,105803,58],{"class":57},[47,105805,99721],{"class":61},[47,105807,232],{"class":65},[47,105809,69],{"class":61},[47,105811,77],{"class":65},[47,105813,18327],{"class":61},[47,105815,62],{"class":61},[47,105817,66],{"class":65},[47,105819,69],{"class":61},[47,105821,402],{"class":65},[47,105823,13970],{"class":61},[20,105825,77109,105826,105828],{},[15,105827,1574],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105830,105831],{},"A safer example:",[38,105833,105835],{"className":40,"code":105834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105836,105837,105865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105838,105839,105842,105844,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105840,105841],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105843,58],{"class":57},[47,105845,105846],{"class":61}," {(",[47,105848,232],{"class":65},[47,105850,69],{"class":61},[47,105852,77],{"class":65},[47,105854,9497],{"class":61},[47,105856,9500],{"class":61},[47,105858,66],{"class":65},[47,105860,69],{"class":61},[47,105862,402],{"class":65},[47,105864,105761],{"class":61},[47,105866,105867,105869,105871,105874],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105868,103],{"class":102},[47,105870,106],{"class":61},[47,105872,105873],{"class":92},"good_set",[47,105875,216],{"class":61},[20,105877,219],{},[38,105879,105881],{"className":40,"code":105880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105882,105883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105884,105885,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900,105902,105904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105886,105887],{"class":61},"{(",[47,105889,232],{"class":65},[47,105891,69],{"class":61},[47,105893,77],{"class":65},[47,105895,9497],{"class":61},[47,105897,9500],{"class":61},[47,105899,66],{"class":65},[47,105901,69],{"class":61},[47,105903,402],{"class":65},[47,105905,105761],{"class":61},[33,105907,105909],{"id":105908},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105911,118,105912,10866],{},[15,105913,4069],{},[138,105915,105916,105919,105924,105927],{},[141,105917,105918],{},"you need unique values only",[141,105920,105921,105922],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105923,2034],{},[141,105925,105926],{},"order does not matter",[141,105928,105929],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105931,105932],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,105934,105936],{"className":40,"code":105935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105937,105938,105963,105967,105983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105939,105940,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105956,105958,105961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105941,105942],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,105944,58],{"class":57},[47,105946,15898],{"class":882},[47,105948,2015],{"class":61},[47,105950,46860],{"class":65},[47,105952,69],{"class":61},[47,105954,105955],{"class":65}," 102",[47,105957,69],{"class":61},[47,105959,105960],{"class":65}," 103",[47,105962,2040],{"class":61},[47,105964,105965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,105966,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,105968,105969,105971,105973,105976,105978,105981],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,105970,103],{"class":102},[47,105972,106],{"class":61},[47,105974,105975],{"class":65},"102",[47,105977,21439],{"class":2027},[47,105979,105980],{"class":92}," allowed_ids",[47,105982,216],{"class":61},[47,105984,105985,105987,105989,105992,105994,105996],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,105986,103],{"class":102},[47,105988,106],{"class":61},[47,105990,105991],{"class":65},"999",[47,105993,21439],{"class":2027},[47,105995,105980],{"class":92},[47,105997,216],{"class":61},[20,105999,219],{},[38,106001,106002],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106003,106004,106008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106005,106006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106007,4249],{"class":284},[47,106009,106010],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106011,4310],{"class":284},[20,106013,106014],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[33,106016,106018],{"id":106017},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106020,106021],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1404,106023,118,106025,98326],{"id":106024},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106026,4069],{},[38,106028,106029],{"className":40,"code":98387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106030,106031,106041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106032,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106034,98394],{"class":53},[47,106036,58],{"class":57},[47,106038,15898],{"class":882},[47,106040,96],{"class":61},[47,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106044,103],{"class":102},[47,106046,106],{"class":61},[47,106048,1971],{"class":882},[47,106050,106],{"class":61},[47,106052,98413],{"class":92},[47,106054,1978],{"class":61},[20,106056,219],{},[38,106058,106059],{"className":40,"code":9116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106060,106061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106062,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106064,3568],{"class":57},[47,106066,3571],{"class":2348},[47,106068,708],{"class":632},[47,106070,6551],{"class":636},[47,106072,699],{"class":632},[47,106074,3580],{"class":57},[1404,106076,118,106078,106080],{"id":106077},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106079,100386],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,106082,106084],{"className":40,"code":106083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106085,106086,106106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106087,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106089,54],{"class":53},[47,106091,58],{"class":57},[47,106093,10756],{"class":61},[47,106095,232],{"class":65},[47,106097,69],{"class":61},[47,106099,77],{"class":65},[47,106101,69],{"class":61},[47,106103,442],{"class":65},[47,106105,9573],{"class":61},[47,106107,106108,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106109,103],{"class":102},[47,106111,106],{"class":61},[47,106113,1971],{"class":882},[47,106115,106],{"class":61},[47,106117,86],{"class":92},[47,106119,1978],{"class":61},[20,106121,219],{},[38,106123,106124],{"className":40,"code":9116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106125,106126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106127,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106129,3568],{"class":57},[47,106131,3571],{"class":2348},[47,106133,708],{"class":632},[47,106135,6551],{"class":636},[47,106137,699],{"class":632},[47,106139,3580],{"class":57},[1404,106141,118,106143,106145],{"id":106142},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106144,4064],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,106147,106149],{"className":40,"code":106148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106150,106151,106160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106152,106153,106156,106158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106154,106155],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,106157,58],{"class":57},[47,106159,10103],{"class":61},[47,106161,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106173],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106163,103],{"class":102},[47,106165,106],{"class":61},[47,106167,1971],{"class":882},[47,106169,106],{"class":61},[47,106171,106172],{"class":92},"empty_dict",[47,106174,1978],{"class":61},[20,106176,219],{},[38,106178,106179],{"className":40,"code":9072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106180,106181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106182,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106184,3568],{"class":57},[47,106186,3571],{"class":2348},[47,106188,708],{"class":632},[47,106190,9085],{"class":636},[47,106192,699],{"class":632},[47,106194,3580],{"class":57},[20,106196,106197],{},"So the rule is simple:",[138,106199,106200,106205,106210],{},[141,106201,106202,106204],{},[15,106203,4069],{}," → empty set",[141,106206,106207,106209],{},[15,106208,100386],{}," → non-empty set",[141,106211,106212,106214],{},[15,106213,4064],{}," → empty dictionary",[33,106216,1397],{"id":1396},[20,106218,106219,106220,89],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106221,4069],{},[1404,106223,8681,106224,99984],{"id":99981},[15,106225,4064],{},[20,106227,106228],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,106230,106231],{"className":40,"code":99990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106232,106233,106241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106234,106235,106237,106239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106236,2728],{"class":53},[47,106238,58],{"class":57},[47,106240,10103],{"class":61},[47,106242,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106244,103],{"class":102},[47,106246,106],{"class":61},[47,106248,1971],{"class":882},[47,106250,106],{"class":61},[47,106252,2753],{"class":92},[47,106254,1978],{"class":61},[1404,106256,106258,106259],{"id":106257},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106260,106261],{},"set(5)",[20,106263,106264,106266],{},[15,106265,4069],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,106268,106270],{"className":40,"code":106269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,106271,106272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106273,106274,106276,106278,106280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106275,6551],{"class":882},[47,106277,106],{"class":61},[47,106279,173],{"class":65},[47,106281,216],{"class":61},[20,106283,1571,106284,106286,106287,89],{},[15,106285,1574],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[252,106288,106290],{"href":106289},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1404,106292,106294],{"id":106293},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106296,106297],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,106299,106301],{"className":40,"code":106300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106302,106303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106304,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106306,2728],{"class":53},[47,106308,58],{"class":57},[47,106310,99721],{"class":61},[47,106312,232],{"class":65},[47,106314,69],{"class":61},[47,106316,77],{"class":65},[47,106318,18327],{"class":61},[47,106320,62],{"class":61},[47,106322,66],{"class":65},[47,106324,69],{"class":61},[47,106326,402],{"class":65},[47,106328,13970],{"class":61},[1404,106330,8717,106332,106334],{"id":106331},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106333,4069],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106336,106337],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1404,106339,37468,106341,8968,106343,3158,106345],{"id":106340},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106342,4069],{},[15,106344,25045],{},[15,106346,9384],{},[20,106348,106349],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[33,106351,1944],{"id":1943},[20,106353,11379],{},[38,106355,106357],{"className":40,"code":106356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106358,106359,106374,106384,106398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106360,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106362,103],{"class":102},[47,106364,106],{"class":61},[47,106366,1971],{"class":882},[47,106368,106],{"class":61},[47,106370,106371],{"class":92},"my_value",[47,106373,1978],{"class":61},[47,106375,106376,106378,106380,106382],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106377,103],{"class":102},[47,106379,106],{"class":61},[47,106381,106371],{"class":92},[47,106383,216],{"class":61},[47,106385,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,106387,103],{"class":102},[47,106389,106],{"class":61},[47,106391,8358],{"class":882},[47,106393,106],{"class":61},[47,106395,15931],{"class":92},[47,106397,1978],{"class":61},[47,106399,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,106401,103],{"class":102},[47,106403,106],{"class":61},[47,106405,969],{"class":102},[47,106407,106],{"class":61},[47,106409,15931],{"class":92},[47,106411,1978],{"class":61},[20,106413,106414],{},"What they help you see:",[138,106416,106417,106423,106428,106434],{},[141,106418,106419,106422],{},[15,106420,106421],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[141,106424,106425,90650],{},[15,106426,106427],{},"print(my_value)",[141,106429,106430,106433],{},[15,106431,106432],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[141,106435,106436,106439],{},[15,106437,106438],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[33,106441,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,106443,106445],{"id":106444},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106447,106448],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1404,106450,106452],{"id":106451},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106454,118,106455,106457,106458,106460],{},[15,106456,4069],{},". Do not use ",[15,106459,4064],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1404,106462,106464],{"id":106463},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106466,106467],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1404,106469,106471],{"id":106470},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106473,106474],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106476,318],{},[38,106478,106480],{"className":40,"code":106479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106481,106482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106483,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106485,103],{"class":102},[47,106487,106],{"class":61},[47,106489,6551],{"class":882},[47,106491,106],{"class":61},[47,106493,633],{"class":632},[47,106495,647],{"class":636},[47,106497,633],{"class":632},[47,106499,1978],{"class":61},[20,106501,30295],{},[38,106503,106505],{"className":40,"code":106504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106506,106507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106508,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106510,9542],{"class":61},[47,106512,699],{"class":632},[47,106514,252],{"class":636},[47,106516,699],{"class":632},[47,106518,69],{"class":61},[47,106520,708],{"class":632},[47,106522,20],{"class":636},[47,106524,699],{"class":632},[47,106526,69],{"class":61},[47,106528,708],{"class":632},[47,106530,60721],{"class":636},[47,106532,699],{"class":632},[47,106534,69],{"class":61},[47,106536,708],{"class":632},[47,106538,60712],{"class":636},[47,106540,699],{"class":632},[47,106542,9573],{"class":61},[1404,106544,5424,106546,106549],{"id":106545},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106547,106548],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106551,106552,28950,106554,106557],{},[15,106553,4069],{},[4015,106555,106556],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106559,106560],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,106562,106564],{"className":40,"code":106563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106565,106566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106567,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588,106590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106569,103],{"class":102},[47,106571,106],{"class":61},[47,106573,6551],{"class":882},[47,106575,2015],{"class":61},[47,106577,232],{"class":65},[47,106579,69],{"class":61},[47,106581,77],{"class":65},[47,106583,69],{"class":61},[47,106585,442],{"class":65},[47,106587,69],{"class":61},[47,106589,402],{"class":65},[47,106591,3278],{"class":61},[33,106593,2187],{"id":2186},[138,106595,106596,106600,106604,106608,106612],{},[141,106597,106598],{},[252,106599,96432],{"href":96431},[141,106601,106602],{},[252,106603,104596],{"href":96435},[141,106605,106606],{},[252,106607,100448],{"href":105447},[141,106609,106610],{},[252,106611,105154],{"href":65107},[141,106613,106614],{},[252,106615,106290],{"href":106289},[2210,106617,106618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":106620},[106621,106622,106623,106624,106625,106631,106632,106633,106641,106651,106652,106660],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":104772,"depth":83,"text":104773},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":105157,"depth":83,"text":105158},{"id":105344,"depth":83,"text":105345,"children":106626},[106627,106628,106629,106630],{"id":105348,"depth":99,"text":105349},{"id":105450,"depth":99,"text":105451},{"id":105534,"depth":99,"text":105535},{"id":105626,"depth":99,"text":105627},{"id":105694,"depth":83,"text":105695},{"id":105908,"depth":83,"text":105909},{"id":106017,"depth":83,"text":106018,"children":106634},[106635,106637,106639],{"id":106024,"depth":99,"text":106636},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106077,"depth":99,"text":106638},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106142,"depth":99,"text":106640},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":106642},[106643,106644,106646,106647,106649],{"id":99981,"depth":99,"text":100489},{"id":106257,"depth":99,"text":106645},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106293,"depth":99,"text":106294},{"id":106331,"depth":99,"text":106648},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106340,"depth":99,"text":106650},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1943,"depth":83,"text":1944},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":106653},[106654,106655,106656,106657,106658],{"id":106444,"depth":99,"text":106445},{"id":106451,"depth":99,"text":106452},{"id":106463,"depth":99,"text":106464},{"id":106470,"depth":99,"text":106471},{"id":106545,"depth":99,"text":106659},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104654,"description":106661},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106668,"title":106669,"body":106670,"description":108185,"extension":2248,"meta":108186,"navigation":203,"path":108187,"seo":108188,"stem":108189,"__hash__":108190},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106671,"toc":108161},[106672,106678,106683,106686,106769,106774,106779,106784,106786,106799,106803,106805,106824,106827,106850,106853,106864,106866,106947,106949,106966,106968,106974,106977,107072,107074,107105,107107,107115,107117,107120,107231,107233,107258,107260,107282,107287,107292,107298,107407,107409,107425,107428,107431,107514,107516,107533,107541,107543,107547,107553,107644,107646,107679,107684,107691,107768,107770,107787,107793,107795,107799,107815,107818,107844,107846,107907,107909,108032,108034,108085,108091,108093,108098,108100,108106,108109,108113,108116,108120,108123,108133,108135,108158],[10,106673,1386,106675,18],{"id":106674},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106676,106677],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106679,956,106680,106682],{},[15,106681,106677],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106684,106685],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,106687,106689],{"className":40,"code":106688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106690,106691,106711,106731,106735,106754,106764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106694,2834],{"class":53},[47,106696,58],{"class":57},[47,106698,10756],{"class":61},[47,106700,232],{"class":65},[47,106702,69],{"class":61},[47,106704,77],{"class":65},[47,106706,69],{"class":61},[47,106708,442],{"class":65},[47,106710,9573],{"class":61},[47,106712,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106714,2862],{"class":53},[47,106716,58],{"class":57},[47,106718,10756],{"class":61},[47,106720,2340],{"class":65},[47,106722,69],{"class":61},[47,106724,442],{"class":65},[47,106726,69],{"class":61},[47,106728,402],{"class":65},[47,106730,9573],{"class":61},[47,106732,106733],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,106734,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,106736,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106748,106750,106752],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,106738,1442],{"class":53},[47,106740,58],{"class":57},[47,106742,57153],{"class":53},[47,106744,89],{"class":61},[47,106746,106747],{"class":92},"intersection",[47,106749,106],{"class":61},[47,106751,5026],{"class":92},[47,106753,216],{"class":61},[47,106755,106756,106758,106760,106762],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,106757,103],{"class":102},[47,106759,106],{"class":61},[47,106761,1466],{"class":92},[47,106763,216],{"class":61},[47,106765,106766],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,106767,106768],{"class":114},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106770,118,106771,106773],{},[15,106772,102895],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[33,106775,13259,106777,13262],{"id":106776},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106778,102895],{},[20,106780,106781,106783],{},[15,106782,102895],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106785,13315],{},[138,106787,106788,106791,106793,106796],{},[141,106789,106790],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[141,106792,100665],{},[141,106794,106795],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[141,106797,106798],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106800,96428,106801,89],{},[252,106802,96432],{"href":96431},[33,106804,259],{"id":258},[38,106806,106808],{"className":40,"code":106807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106809,106810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106811,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106813,100689],{"class":53},[47,106815,89],{"class":61},[47,106817,106747],{"class":92},[47,106819,106],{"class":61},[47,106821,100698],{"class":92},[47,106823,216],{"class":61},[20,106825,106826],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,106828,106830],{"className":40,"code":106829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106831,106832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106833,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106835,100689],{"class":53},[47,106837,89],{"class":61},[47,106839,106747],{"class":92},[47,106841,106],{"class":61},[47,106843,100698],{"class":92},[47,106845,69],{"class":61},[47,106847,100725],{"class":92},[47,106849,216],{"class":61},[20,106851,106852],{},"Important notes:",[138,106854,106855,106858,106861],{},[141,106856,106857],{},"The result is always a new set",[141,106859,106860],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[141,106862,106863],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106865,318],{},[38,106867,106869],{"className":40,"code":106868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106870,106871,106895,106915,106919,106937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106872,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106874,2834],{"class":53},[47,106876,58],{"class":57},[47,106878,10756],{"class":61},[47,106880,232],{"class":65},[47,106882,69],{"class":61},[47,106884,77],{"class":65},[47,106886,69],{"class":61},[47,106888,442],{"class":65},[47,106890,69],{"class":61},[47,106892,402],{"class":65},[47,106894,9573],{"class":61},[47,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,106898,2862],{"class":53},[47,106900,58],{"class":57},[47,106902,10756],{"class":61},[47,106904,66],{"class":65},[47,106906,69],{"class":61},[47,106908,402],{"class":65},[47,106910,69],{"class":61},[47,106912,241],{"class":65},[47,106914,9573],{"class":61},[47,106916,106917],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,106918,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,106920,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,106922,1442],{"class":53},[47,106924,58],{"class":57},[47,106926,57153],{"class":53},[47,106928,89],{"class":61},[47,106930,106747],{"class":92},[47,106932,106],{"class":61},[47,106934,5026],{"class":92},[47,106936,216],{"class":61},[47,106938,106939,106941,106943,106945],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,106940,103],{"class":102},[47,106942,106],{"class":61},[47,106944,1466],{"class":92},[47,106946,216],{"class":61},[20,106948,219],{},[38,106950,106952],{"className":40,"code":106951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106953,106954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106957,9542],{"class":61},[47,106959,66],{"class":65},[47,106961,69],{"class":61},[47,106963,402],{"class":65},[47,106965,9573],{"class":61},[33,106967,17684],{"id":17683},[20,106969,106970,22241,106972,89],{},[15,106971,102895],{},[4015,106973,6551],{},[20,106975,106976],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,106978,106980],{"className":40,"code":106979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106981,106982,107002,107022,107026,107044,107048,107058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106983,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106985,2834],{"class":53},[47,106987,58],{"class":57},[47,106989,10756],{"class":61},[47,106991,232],{"class":65},[47,106993,69],{"class":61},[47,106995,77],{"class":65},[47,106997,69],{"class":61},[47,106999,442],{"class":65},[47,107001,9573],{"class":61},[47,107003,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107005,2862],{"class":53},[47,107007,58],{"class":57},[47,107009,10756],{"class":61},[47,107011,2340],{"class":65},[47,107013,69],{"class":61},[47,107015,442],{"class":65},[47,107017,69],{"class":61},[47,107019,402],{"class":65},[47,107021,9573],{"class":61},[47,107023,107024],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107025,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107027,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107029,1442],{"class":53},[47,107031,58],{"class":57},[47,107033,57153],{"class":53},[47,107035,89],{"class":61},[47,107037,106747],{"class":92},[47,107039,106],{"class":61},[47,107041,5026],{"class":92},[47,107043,216],{"class":61},[47,107045,107046],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107047,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107049,107050,107052,107054,107056],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107051,103],{"class":102},[47,107053,106],{"class":61},[47,107055,1466],{"class":92},[47,107057,216],{"class":61},[47,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,107061,103],{"class":102},[47,107063,106],{"class":61},[47,107065,1971],{"class":882},[47,107067,106],{"class":61},[47,107069,1466],{"class":92},[47,107071,1978],{"class":61},[20,107073,219],{},[38,107075,107077],{"className":40,"code":107076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107078,107079,107091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107080,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107082,9542],{"class":61},[47,107084,2340],{"class":65},[47,107086,69],{"class":61},[47,107088,442],{"class":65},[47,107090,9573],{"class":61},[47,107092,107093,107095,107097,107099,107101,107103],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107094,3568],{"class":57},[47,107096,3571],{"class":2348},[47,107098,708],{"class":632},[47,107100,6551],{"class":636},[47,107102,699],{"class":632},[47,107104,3580],{"class":57},[20,107106,85913],{},[138,107108,107109,107112],{},[141,107110,107111],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[141,107113,107114],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[33,107116,11739],{"id":11738},[20,107118,107119],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,107121,107123],{"className":40,"code":107122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107124,107125,107158,107191,107195,107216,107220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107126,107127,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107128,107129],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,107131,58],{"class":57},[47,107133,10756],{"class":61},[47,107135,633],{"class":632},[47,107137,13356],{"class":636},[47,107139,633],{"class":632},[47,107141,69],{"class":61},[47,107143,644],{"class":632},[47,107145,13373],{"class":636},[47,107147,633],{"class":632},[47,107149,69],{"class":61},[47,107151,644],{"class":632},[47,107153,17721],{"class":636},[47,107155,633],{"class":632},[47,107157,9573],{"class":61},[47,107159,107160,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107161,107162],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,107164,58],{"class":57},[47,107166,10756],{"class":61},[47,107168,633],{"class":632},[47,107170,17721],{"class":636},[47,107172,633],{"class":632},[47,107174,69],{"class":61},[47,107176,644],{"class":632},[47,107178,22790],{"class":636},[47,107180,633],{"class":632},[47,107182,69],{"class":61},[47,107184,644],{"class":632},[47,107186,13373],{"class":636},[47,107188,633],{"class":632},[47,107190,9573],{"class":61},[47,107192,107193],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107194,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107196,107197,107200,107202,107205,107207,107209,107211,107214],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107198,107199],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,107201,58],{"class":57},[47,107203,107204],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,107206,89],{"class":61},[47,107208,106747],{"class":92},[47,107210,106],{"class":61},[47,107212,107213],{"class":92},"colors2",[47,107215,216],{"class":61},[47,107217,107218],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107219,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107221,107222,107224,107226,107229],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107223,103],{"class":102},[47,107225,106],{"class":61},[47,107227,107228],{"class":92},"common_colors",[47,107230,216],{"class":61},[20,107232,219],{},[38,107234,107236],{"className":40,"code":107235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107237,107238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107239,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107241,9542],{"class":61},[47,107243,699],{"class":632},[47,107245,13373],{"class":636},[47,107247,699],{"class":632},[47,107249,69],{"class":61},[47,107251,708],{"class":632},[47,107253,17721],{"class":636},[47,107255,699],{"class":632},[47,107257,9573],{"class":61},[20,107259,11948],{},[138,107261,107262,107268,107272,107277],{},[141,107263,107264,107267],{},[15,107265,107266],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[141,107269,107270,107267],{},[15,107271,107213],{},[141,107273,107274,107276],{},[15,107275,102895],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[141,107278,107279,107280],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107281,107228],{},[33,107283,8681,107285,101262],{"id":107284},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107286,102895],{},[20,107288,107289,107290,89],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107291,102895],{},[20,107293,107294,107295,107297],{},"Only the values found in ",[4015,107296,3987],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,107299,107301],{"className":40,"code":107300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107302,107303,107327,107351,107371,107375,107397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107304,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107306,2834],{"class":53},[47,107308,58],{"class":57},[47,107310,10756],{"class":61},[47,107312,232],{"class":65},[47,107314,69],{"class":61},[47,107316,77],{"class":65},[47,107318,69],{"class":61},[47,107320,442],{"class":65},[47,107322,69],{"class":61},[47,107324,402],{"class":65},[47,107326,9573],{"class":61},[47,107328,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107330,2862],{"class":53},[47,107332,58],{"class":57},[47,107334,10756],{"class":61},[47,107336,2340],{"class":65},[47,107338,69],{"class":61},[47,107340,442],{"class":65},[47,107342,69],{"class":61},[47,107344,402],{"class":65},[47,107346,69],{"class":61},[47,107348,241],{"class":65},[47,107350,9573],{"class":61},[47,107352,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107354,83287],{"class":53},[47,107356,58],{"class":57},[47,107358,10756],{"class":61},[47,107360,66],{"class":65},[47,107362,69],{"class":61},[47,107364,402],{"class":65},[47,107366,69],{"class":61},[47,107368,37908],{"class":65},[47,107370,9573],{"class":61},[47,107372,107373],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107374,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107378,1442],{"class":53},[47,107380,58],{"class":57},[47,107382,57153],{"class":53},[47,107384,89],{"class":61},[47,107386,106747],{"class":92},[47,107388,106],{"class":61},[47,107390,5026],{"class":92},[47,107392,69],{"class":61},[47,107394,9946],{"class":92},[47,107396,216],{"class":61},[47,107398,107399,107401,107403,107405],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107400,103],{"class":102},[47,107402,106],{"class":61},[47,107404,1466],{"class":92},[47,107406,216],{"class":61},[20,107408,219],{},[38,107410,107411],{"className":40,"code":106951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107412,107413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107414,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107416,9542],{"class":61},[47,107418,66],{"class":65},[47,107420,69],{"class":61},[47,107422,402],{"class":65},[47,107424,9573],{"class":61},[20,107426,107427],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107429,107430],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,107432,107434],{"className":40,"code":107433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107435,107436,107460,107464,107504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107437,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107439,2834],{"class":53},[47,107441,58],{"class":57},[47,107443,10756],{"class":61},[47,107445,232],{"class":65},[47,107447,69],{"class":61},[47,107449,77],{"class":65},[47,107451,69],{"class":61},[47,107453,442],{"class":65},[47,107455,69],{"class":61},[47,107457,402],{"class":65},[47,107459,9573],{"class":61},[47,107461,107462],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107463,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107465,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107467,1442],{"class":53},[47,107469,58],{"class":57},[47,107471,57153],{"class":53},[47,107473,89],{"class":61},[47,107475,106747],{"class":92},[47,107477,2015],{"class":61},[47,107479,2340],{"class":65},[47,107481,69],{"class":61},[47,107483,402],{"class":65},[47,107485,69],{"class":61},[47,107487,37908],{"class":65},[47,107489,18327],{"class":61},[47,107491,9500],{"class":61},[47,107493,232],{"class":65},[47,107495,69],{"class":61},[47,107497,77],{"class":65},[47,107499,69],{"class":61},[47,107501,402],{"class":65},[47,107503,1978],{"class":61},[47,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107507,103],{"class":102},[47,107509,106],{"class":61},[47,107511,1466],{"class":92},[47,107513,216],{"class":61},[20,107515,219],{},[38,107517,107519],{"className":40,"code":107518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107520,107521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107522,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107524,9542],{"class":61},[47,107526,2340],{"class":65},[47,107528,69],{"class":61},[47,107530,402],{"class":65},[47,107532,9573],{"class":61},[33,107534,107536,1225,107538],{"id":107535},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107537,102895],{},[15,107539,107540],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107542,101432],{},[1404,107544,107545],{"id":106747},[15,107546,102895],{},[138,107548,107549,107551],{},[141,107550,101441],{},[141,107552,101444],{},[38,107554,107556],{"className":40,"code":107555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107557,107558,107578,107598,107602,107620,107624,107634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107561,2834],{"class":53},[47,107563,58],{"class":57},[47,107565,10756],{"class":61},[47,107567,232],{"class":65},[47,107569,69],{"class":61},[47,107571,77],{"class":65},[47,107573,69],{"class":61},[47,107575,442],{"class":65},[47,107577,9573],{"class":61},[47,107579,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107581,2862],{"class":53},[47,107583,58],{"class":57},[47,107585,10756],{"class":61},[47,107587,2340],{"class":65},[47,107589,69],{"class":61},[47,107591,442],{"class":65},[47,107593,69],{"class":61},[47,107595,402],{"class":65},[47,107597,9573],{"class":61},[47,107599,107600],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107601,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107603,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107605,1442],{"class":53},[47,107607,58],{"class":57},[47,107609,57153],{"class":53},[47,107611,89],{"class":61},[47,107613,106747],{"class":92},[47,107615,106],{"class":61},[47,107617,5026],{"class":92},[47,107619,216],{"class":61},[47,107621,107622],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107623,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107625,107626,107628,107630,107632],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107627,103],{"class":102},[47,107629,106],{"class":61},[47,107631,252],{"class":92},[47,107633,216],{"class":61},[47,107635,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,107637,103],{"class":102},[47,107639,106],{"class":61},[47,107641,1466],{"class":92},[47,107643,216],{"class":61},[20,107645,219],{},[38,107647,107649],{"className":40,"code":107648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107650,107651,107667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107654,9542],{"class":61},[47,107656,232],{"class":65},[47,107658,69],{"class":61},[47,107660,77],{"class":65},[47,107662,69],{"class":61},[47,107664,442],{"class":65},[47,107666,9573],{"class":61},[47,107668,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107670,9542],{"class":61},[47,107672,2340],{"class":65},[47,107674,69],{"class":61},[47,107676,442],{"class":65},[47,107678,9573],{"class":61},[1404,107680,107682],{"id":107681},"intersection_update",[15,107683,107540],{},[138,107685,107686,107688],{},[141,107687,101584],{},[141,107689,107690],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,107692,107694],{"className":40,"code":107693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107695,107696,107716,107736,107740,107754,107758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107697,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107699,2834],{"class":53},[47,107701,58],{"class":57},[47,107703,10756],{"class":61},[47,107705,232],{"class":65},[47,107707,69],{"class":61},[47,107709,77],{"class":65},[47,107711,69],{"class":61},[47,107713,442],{"class":65},[47,107715,9573],{"class":61},[47,107717,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107719,2862],{"class":53},[47,107721,58],{"class":57},[47,107723,10756],{"class":61},[47,107725,2340],{"class":65},[47,107727,69],{"class":61},[47,107729,442],{"class":65},[47,107731,69],{"class":61},[47,107733,402],{"class":65},[47,107735,9573],{"class":61},[47,107737,107738],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107739,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107741,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107743,252],{"class":53},[47,107745,89],{"class":61},[47,107747,107681],{"class":92},[47,107749,106],{"class":61},[47,107751,5026],{"class":92},[47,107753,216],{"class":61},[47,107755,107756],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107757,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107759,107760,107762,107764,107766],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107761,103],{"class":102},[47,107763,106],{"class":61},[47,107765,252],{"class":92},[47,107767,216],{"class":61},[20,107769,219],{},[38,107771,107773],{"className":40,"code":107772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107774,107775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107776,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107778,9542],{"class":61},[47,107780,2340],{"class":65},[47,107782,69],{"class":61},[47,107784,442],{"class":65},[47,107786,9573],{"class":61},[20,107788,107789,107790,107792],{},"Choose ",[15,107791,102895],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[33,107794,4784],{"id":4783},[20,107796,14998,107797,136],{},[15,107798,102895],{},[138,107800,107801,107804,107807,107810],{},[141,107802,107803],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[141,107805,107806],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[141,107808,107809],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[141,107811,107812,107813],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107814,102895],{},[20,107816,107817],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[138,107819,107820,107825,107828,107841],{},[141,107821,8681,107822,107824],{},[15,107823,102895],{}," when order matters",[141,107826,107827],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[141,107829,37468,107830,8968,107832,3158,107837],{},[15,107831,102895],{},[252,107833,107835],{"href":107834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107836,102903],{},[252,107838,107839],{"href":102944},[15,107840,100518],{},[141,107842,107843],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107845,30401],{},[38,107847,107849],{"className":40,"code":107848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107850,107851,107861,107875,107893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107854,103],{"class":102},[47,107856,106],{"class":61},[47,107858,15931],{"class":92},[47,107860,216],{"class":61},[47,107862,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107864,103],{"class":102},[47,107866,106],{"class":61},[47,107868,1971],{"class":882},[47,107870,106],{"class":61},[47,107872,1466],{"class":92},[47,107874,1978],{"class":61},[47,107876,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107878,103],{"class":102},[47,107880,106],{"class":61},[47,107882,100689],{"class":92},[47,107884,89],{"class":61},[47,107886,106747],{"class":92},[47,107888,106],{"class":61},[47,107890,100698],{"class":92},[47,107892,1978],{"class":61},[47,107894,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107896,103],{"class":102},[47,107898,106],{"class":61},[47,107900,969],{"class":102},[47,107902,106],{"class":61},[47,107904,1466],{"class":92},[47,107906,1978],{"class":61},[20,107908,318],{},[38,107910,107912],{"className":40,"code":107911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107913,107914,107938,107958,107962,107980,107984,107994,108004,108018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107917,54],{"class":53},[47,107919,58],{"class":57},[47,107921,10756],{"class":61},[47,107923,232],{"class":65},[47,107925,69],{"class":61},[47,107927,77],{"class":65},[47,107929,69],{"class":61},[47,107931,77],{"class":65},[47,107933,69],{"class":61},[47,107935,442],{"class":65},[47,107937,9573],{"class":61},[47,107939,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,107941,43816],{"class":53},[47,107943,58],{"class":57},[47,107945,10756],{"class":61},[47,107947,2340],{"class":65},[47,107949,69],{"class":61},[47,107951,442],{"class":65},[47,107953,69],{"class":61},[47,107955,402],{"class":65},[47,107957,9573],{"class":61},[47,107959,107960],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,107961,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107963,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976,107978],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,107965,1442],{"class":53},[47,107967,58],{"class":57},[47,107969,1447],{"class":53},[47,107971,89],{"class":61},[47,107973,106747],{"class":92},[47,107975,106],{"class":61},[47,107977,31009],{"class":92},[47,107979,216],{"class":61},[47,107981,107982],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,107983,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,107985,107986,107988,107990,107992],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,107987,103],{"class":102},[47,107989,106],{"class":61},[47,107991,86],{"class":92},[47,107993,216],{"class":61},[47,107995,107996,107998,108000,108002],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,107997,103],{"class":102},[47,107999,106],{"class":61},[47,108001,1466],{"class":92},[47,108003,216],{"class":61},[47,108005,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,108007,103],{"class":102},[47,108009,106],{"class":61},[47,108011,1971],{"class":882},[47,108013,106],{"class":61},[47,108015,1466],{"class":92},[47,108017,1978],{"class":61},[47,108019,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028,108030],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,108021,103],{"class":102},[47,108023,106],{"class":61},[47,108025,969],{"class":102},[47,108027,106],{"class":61},[47,108029,1466],{"class":92},[47,108031,1978],{"class":61},[20,108033,219],{},[38,108035,108037],{"className":40,"code":108036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108038,108039,108055,108067,108081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108040,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108042,9542],{"class":61},[47,108044,232],{"class":65},[47,108046,69],{"class":61},[47,108048,77],{"class":65},[47,108050,69],{"class":61},[47,108052,442],{"class":65},[47,108054,9573],{"class":61},[47,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108058,9542],{"class":61},[47,108060,2340],{"class":65},[47,108062,69],{"class":61},[47,108064,442],{"class":65},[47,108066,9573],{"class":61},[47,108068,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108070,3568],{"class":57},[47,108072,3571],{"class":2348},[47,108074,708],{"class":632},[47,108076,6551],{"class":636},[47,108078,699],{"class":632},[47,108080,3580],{"class":57},[47,108082,108083],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108084,17321],{"class":65},[20,108086,108087,108088,108090],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108089,2340],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,108092,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,108094,2082,108096,102843],{"id":108095},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108097,102895],{},[20,108099,102846],{},[1404,108101,5436,108103,108105],{"id":108102},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108104,102895],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108107,108108],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1404,108110,108112],{"id":108111},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108114,108115],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1404,108117,108119],{"id":108118},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108121,108122],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,108124,108125],{"className":40,"code":97562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108126,108127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108128,108129,108131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108130,6551],{"class":882},[47,108132,96],{"class":61},[33,108134,2187],{"id":2186},[138,108136,108137,108141,108148,108154],{},[141,108138,108139],{},[252,108140,96432],{"href":96431},[141,108142,108143],{},[252,108144,1386,108145,11006],{"href":107834},[15,108146,108147],{},"set.union()",[141,108149,108150],{},[252,108151,1386,108152,11006],{"href":102944},[15,108153,100523],{},[141,108155,108156],{},[252,108157,100448],{"href":105447},[2210,108159,108160],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":108162},[108163,108165,108166,108167,108168,108170,108175,108176,108184],{"id":106776,"depth":83,"text":108164},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":107284,"depth":83,"text":108169},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107535,"depth":83,"text":108171,"children":108172},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108173,108174],{"id":106747,"depth":99,"text":102895},{"id":107681,"depth":99,"text":107540},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":108177},[108178,108180,108182,108183],{"id":108095,"depth":99,"text":108179},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108102,"depth":99,"text":108181},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108111,"depth":99,"text":108112},{"id":108118,"depth":99,"text":108119},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106669,"description":108185},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108192,"title":108193,"body":108194,"description":109430,"extension":2248,"meta":109431,"navigation":203,"path":109432,"seo":109433,"stem":109434,"__hash__":109435},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108195,"toc":109397},[108196,108201,108207,108216,108218,108293,108298,108313,108323,108328,108332,108345,108349,108351,108366,108368,108384,108386,108461,108465,108468,108470,108487,108492,108547,108552,108564,108568,108571,108672,108674,108715,108718,108722,108729,108731,108756,108759,108777,108784,108790,108793,108875,108882,108885,108965,108974,108977,108982,108986,109000,109049,109054,109058,109069,109118,109129,109134,109138,109150,109199,109210,109212,109216,109239,109241,109298,109300,109314,109316,109322,109328,109334,109343,109347,109354,109358,109366,109368,109394],[10,108197,96304,108199,18],{"id":108198},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108200,13025],{},[20,108202,108203,108206],{},[15,108204,108205],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108208,108209,108210,108212,108213,108215],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[4015,108211,4896],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108214,13025],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[33,108217,36],{"id":35},[38,108219,108221],{"className":40,"code":108220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108222,108223,108255,108269,108273,108283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108224,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108226,1536],{"class":53},[47,108228,58],{"class":57},[47,108230,10756],{"class":61},[47,108232,633],{"class":632},[47,108234,647],{"class":636},[47,108236,633],{"class":632},[47,108238,69],{"class":61},[47,108240,644],{"class":632},[47,108242,637],{"class":636},[47,108244,633],{"class":632},[47,108246,69],{"class":61},[47,108248,644],{"class":632},[47,108250,656],{"class":636},[47,108252,633],{"class":632},[47,108254,9573],{"class":61},[47,108256,108257,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108258,70193],{"class":53},[47,108260,58],{"class":57},[47,108262,6231],{"class":53},[47,108264,89],{"class":61},[47,108266,26505],{"class":92},[47,108268,96],{"class":61},[47,108270,108271],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108272,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108274,108275,108277,108279,108281],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108276,103],{"class":102},[47,108278,106],{"class":61},[47,108280,70216],{"class":92},[47,108282,216],{"class":61},[47,108284,108285,108287,108289,108291],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,108286,103],{"class":102},[47,108288,106],{"class":61},[47,108290,1562],{"class":92},[47,108292,216],{"class":61},[20,108294,108295],{},[4015,108296,108297],{},"What this does:",[138,108299,108300,108305,108310],{},[141,108301,108302,108303],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108304,1562],{},[141,108306,108307,108308],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108309,70216],{},[141,108311,108312],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108314,108315,89064,108317,108319,108320,108322],{},[4015,108316,83922],{},[15,108318,108205],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[4015,108321,4896],{}," chosen by index.",[33,108324,128,108326,131],{"id":108325},"what-setpop-does",[15,108327,108205],{},[20,108329,108330,136],{},[15,108331,108205],{},[138,108333,108334,108336,108339,108342],{},[141,108335,103146],{},[141,108337,108338],{},"Returns the removed item",[141,108340,108341],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[141,108343,108344],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108346,96428,108347,89],{},[252,108348,96432],{"href":97603},[33,108350,259],{"id":258},[38,108352,108354],{"className":40,"code":108353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108355,108356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108357,108358,108360,108362,108364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108359,15931],{"class":53},[47,108361,89],{"class":61},[47,108363,26505],{"class":92},[47,108365,96],{"class":61},[20,108367,13315],{},[138,108369,108370,108376,108381],{},[141,108371,108372,108373],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108374,108375],{},"my_set.pop()",[141,108377,108378,108379],{},"It takes ",[4015,108380,28953],{},[141,108382,108383],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108385,318],{},[38,108387,108389],{"className":40,"code":108388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108390,108391,108423,108437,108441,108451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108392,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108394,13339],{"class":53},[47,108396,58],{"class":57},[47,108398,10756],{"class":61},[47,108400,633],{"class":632},[47,108402,13356],{"class":636},[47,108404,633],{"class":632},[47,108406,69],{"class":61},[47,108408,644],{"class":632},[47,108410,13373],{"class":636},[47,108412,633],{"class":632},[47,108414,69],{"class":61},[47,108416,644],{"class":632},[47,108418,17721],{"class":636},[47,108420,633],{"class":632},[47,108422,9573],{"class":61},[47,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108426,28803],{"class":53},[47,108428,58],{"class":57},[47,108430,13387],{"class":53},[47,108432,89],{"class":61},[47,108434,26505],{"class":92},[47,108436,96],{"class":61},[47,108438,108439],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108440,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108442,108443,108445,108447,108449],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108444,103],{"class":102},[47,108446,106],{"class":61},[47,108448,2022],{"class":92},[47,108450,216],{"class":61},[47,108452,108453,108455,108457,108459],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,108454,103],{"class":102},[47,108456,106],{"class":61},[47,108458,17768],{"class":92},[47,108460,216],{"class":61},[33,108462,108464],{"id":108463},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108466,108467],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108469,2390],{},[138,108471,108472,108478,108481],{},[141,108473,108474,108475,108477],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108476,13025],{}," removes",[141,108479,108480],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[141,108482,108483,108484,108486],{},"You should not use ",[15,108485,13025],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108488,10726,108489,108491],{},[4015,108490,4896],{}," valid:",[38,108493,108495],{"className":40,"code":108494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108496,108497,108529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108498,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108500,36504],{"class":53},[47,108502,58],{"class":57},[47,108504,10756],{"class":61},[47,108506,633],{"class":632},[47,108508,647],{"class":636},[47,108510,633],{"class":632},[47,108512,69],{"class":61},[47,108514,644],{"class":632},[47,108516,637],{"class":636},[47,108518,633],{"class":632},[47,108520,69],{"class":61},[47,108522,644],{"class":632},[47,108524,656],{"class":636},[47,108526,633],{"class":632},[47,108528,9573],{"class":61},[47,108530,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108532,36556],{"class":53},[47,108534,89],{"class":61},[47,108536,26505],{"class":92},[47,108538,106],{"class":61},[47,108540,633],{"class":632},[47,108542,647],{"class":636},[47,108544,633],{"class":632},[47,108546,216],{"class":61},[20,108548,39918,108549,108551],{},[15,108550,108205],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108553,108554,108555,3158,108559,89],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[252,108556,108557],{"href":98313},[15,108558,102972],{},[252,108560,108562],{"href":108561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108563,102963],{},[33,108565,108567],{"id":108566},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108569,108570],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,108572,108574],{"className":40,"code":108573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108575,108576,108610,108614,108630,108634,108653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108577,108578,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108606,108608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108579,108580],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108582,58],{"class":57},[47,108584,10756],{"class":61},[47,108586,633],{"class":632},[47,108588,37311],{"class":636},[47,108590,633],{"class":632},[47,108592,69],{"class":61},[47,108594,644],{"class":632},[47,108596,58392],{"class":636},[47,108598,633],{"class":632},[47,108600,69],{"class":61},[47,108602,644],{"class":632},[47,108604,108605],{"class":636},"rabbit",[47,108607,633],{"class":632},[47,108609,9573],{"class":61},[47,108611,108612],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108613,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108615,108616,108619,108621,108624,108626,108628],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108617,108618],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108620,58],{"class":57},[47,108622,108623],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108625,89],{"class":61},[47,108627,26505],{"class":92},[47,108629,96],{"class":61},[47,108631,108632],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108633,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108635,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644,108646,108648,108651],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,108637,103],{"class":102},[47,108639,106],{"class":61},[47,108641,633],{"class":632},[47,108643,29221],{"class":636},[47,108645,633],{"class":632},[47,108647,69],{"class":61},[47,108649,108650],{"class":92}," removed_animal",[47,108652,216],{"class":61},[47,108654,108655,108657,108659,108661,108664,108666,108668,108670],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,108656,103],{"class":102},[47,108658,106],{"class":61},[47,108660,633],{"class":632},[47,108662,108663],{"class":636},"Updated set:",[47,108665,633],{"class":632},[47,108667,69],{"class":61},[47,108669,108623],{"class":92},[47,108671,216],{"class":61},[20,108673,30295],{},[38,108675,108677],{"className":40,"code":108676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108678,108679,108688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108680,108681,108683,108685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108682,29263],{"class":53},[47,108684,136],{"class":61},[47,108686,108687],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,108689,108690,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707,108709,108711,108713],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108691,108692],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,108694,6551],{"class":882},[47,108696,136],{"class":61},[47,108698,10756],{"class":61},[47,108700,699],{"class":632},[47,108702,37311],{"class":636},[47,108704,699],{"class":632},[47,108706,69],{"class":61},[47,108708,708],{"class":632},[47,108710,108605],{"class":636},[47,108712,699],{"class":632},[47,108714,9573],{"class":61},[20,108716,108717],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[33,108719,108721],{"id":108720},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108723,29915,108724,108726,108727,89],{},[15,108725,13025],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108728,19952],{},[20,108730,318],{},[38,108732,108734],{"className":40,"code":108733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108735,108736,108746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108739,1536],{"class":53},[47,108741,58],{"class":57},[47,108743,15898],{"class":882},[47,108745,96],{"class":61},[47,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108749,1562],{"class":53},[47,108751,89],{"class":61},[47,108753,26505],{"class":92},[47,108755,96],{"class":61},[20,108757,108758],{},"This raises:",[38,108760,108762],{"className":40,"code":108761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108763,108764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108765,108766,108768,108770,108772,108775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108767,19952],{"class":882},[47,108769,136],{"class":61},[47,108771,708],{"class":632},[47,108773,108774],{"class":636},"pop from an empty set",[47,108776,29965],{"class":632},[20,108778,108779,108780,108783],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[252,108781,108782],{"href":11340},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1404,108785,108787,108788],{"id":108786},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108789,13025],{},[20,108791,108792],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,108794,108796],{"className":40,"code":108795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108797,108798,108808,108812,108820,108835,108854,108860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108799,108800,108802,108804,108806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108801,1536],{"class":53},[47,108803,58],{"class":57},[47,108805,15898],{"class":882},[47,108807,96],{"class":61},[47,108809,108810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108811,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108813,108814,108816,108818],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108815,7262],{"class":2027},[47,108817,6231],{"class":53},[47,108819,6657],{"class":61},[47,108821,108822,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108823,108824],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108826,58],{"class":57},[47,108828,6231],{"class":53},[47,108830,89],{"class":61},[47,108832,26505],{"class":92},[47,108834,96],{"class":61},[47,108836,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849,108852],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,108838,8333],{"class":102},[47,108840,106],{"class":61},[47,108842,633],{"class":632},[47,108844,29221],{"class":636},[47,108846,633],{"class":632},[47,108848,69],{"class":61},[47,108850,108851],{"class":92}," removed",[47,108853,216],{"class":61},[47,108855,108856,108858],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,108857,27698],{"class":2027},[47,108859,6657],{"class":61},[47,108861,108862,108864,108866,108868,108871,108873],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,108863,8333],{"class":102},[47,108865,106],{"class":61},[47,108867,633],{"class":632},[47,108869,108870],{"class":636},"The set is empty.",[47,108872,633],{"class":632},[47,108874,216],{"class":61},[1404,108876,118,108878,1233,108880],{"id":108877},"use-try-and-except",[15,108879,30069],{},[15,108881,30100],{},[20,108883,108884],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,108886,108888],{"className":40,"code":108887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108889,108890,108900,108904,108910,108924,108942,108950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108891,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108893,1536],{"class":53},[47,108895,58],{"class":57},[47,108897,15898],{"class":882},[47,108899,96],{"class":61},[47,108901,108902],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,108903,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,108905,108906,108908],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,108907,30069],{"class":2027},[47,108909,6657],{"class":61},[47,108911,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,108913,108824],{"class":53},[47,108915,58],{"class":57},[47,108917,6231],{"class":53},[47,108919,89],{"class":61},[47,108921,26505],{"class":92},[47,108923,96],{"class":61},[47,108925,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938,108940],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,108927,8333],{"class":102},[47,108929,106],{"class":61},[47,108931,633],{"class":632},[47,108933,29221],{"class":636},[47,108935,633],{"class":632},[47,108937,69],{"class":61},[47,108939,108851],{"class":92},[47,108941,216],{"class":61},[47,108943,108944,108946,108948],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,108945,30100],{"class":2027},[47,108947,30103],{"class":882},[47,108949,6657],{"class":61},[47,108951,108952,108954,108956,108958,108961,108963],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,108953,8333],{"class":102},[47,108955,106],{"class":61},[47,108957,633],{"class":632},[47,108959,108960],{"class":636},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,108962,633],{"class":632},[47,108964,216],{"class":61},[33,108966,5227,108968,1225,108970,1225,108972],{"id":108967},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108969,13025],{},[15,108971,55795],{},[15,108973,102958],{},[20,108975,108976],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1404,108978,118,108980],{"id":108979},"use-pop",[15,108981,13025],{},[20,108983,118,108984,10866],{},[15,108985,13025],{},[138,108987,108988,108994,108997],{},[141,108989,108990,108991],{},"You want to remove ",[4015,108992,108993],{},"any one item",[141,108995,108996],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[141,108998,108999],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,109001,109003],{"className":40,"code":109002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109004,109005,109025,109039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109006,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109008,54],{"class":53},[47,109010,58],{"class":57},[47,109012,10756],{"class":61},[47,109014,232],{"class":65},[47,109016,69],{"class":61},[47,109018,77],{"class":65},[47,109020,69],{"class":61},[47,109022,442],{"class":65},[47,109024,9573],{"class":61},[47,109026,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035,109037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109028,2728],{"class":53},[47,109030,58],{"class":57},[47,109032,1447],{"class":53},[47,109034,89],{"class":61},[47,109036,26505],{"class":92},[47,109038,96],{"class":61},[47,109040,109041,109043,109045,109047],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109042,103],{"class":102},[47,109044,106],{"class":61},[47,109046,2753],{"class":92},[47,109048,216],{"class":61},[1404,109050,118,109052],{"id":109051},"use-remove",[15,109053,55795],{},[20,109055,118,109056,10866],{},[15,109057,55795],{},[138,109059,109060,109066],{},[141,109061,109062,109063],{},"You want to delete a ",[4015,109064,109065],{},"specific item",[141,109067,109068],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,109070,109072],{"className":40,"code":109071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109073,109074,109094,109108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109075,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109077,54],{"class":53},[47,109079,58],{"class":57},[47,109081,10756],{"class":61},[47,109083,232],{"class":65},[47,109085,69],{"class":61},[47,109087,77],{"class":65},[47,109089,69],{"class":61},[47,109091,442],{"class":65},[47,109093,9573],{"class":61},[47,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109097,86],{"class":53},[47,109099,89],{"class":61},[47,109101,35060],{"class":92},[47,109103,106],{"class":61},[47,109105,2340],{"class":65},[47,109107,216],{"class":61},[47,109109,109110,109112,109114,109116],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109111,103],{"class":102},[47,109113,106],{"class":61},[47,109115,86],{"class":92},[47,109117,216],{"class":61},[20,109119,109120,109121,109123,109124,109128],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109122,55795],{}," raises an error. See the ",[252,109125,109126,11006],{"href":98313},[15,109127,102972],{}," for details.",[1404,109130,118,109132],{"id":109131},"use-discard",[15,109133,102958],{},[20,109135,118,109136,10866],{},[15,109137,102958],{},[138,109139,109140,109144],{},[141,109141,109062,109142],{},[4015,109143,109065],{},[141,109145,109146,109147,109149],{},"You do ",[4015,109148,4896],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,109151,109153],{"className":40,"code":109152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109154,109155,109175,109189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109156,109157,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109158,54],{"class":53},[47,109160,58],{"class":57},[47,109162,10756],{"class":61},[47,109164,232],{"class":65},[47,109166,69],{"class":61},[47,109168,77],{"class":65},[47,109170,69],{"class":61},[47,109172,442],{"class":65},[47,109174,9573],{"class":61},[47,109176,109177,109179,109181,109183,109185,109187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109178,86],{"class":53},[47,109180,89],{"class":61},[47,109182,103025],{"class":92},[47,109184,106],{"class":61},[47,109186,173],{"class":65},[47,109188,216],{"class":61},[47,109190,109191,109193,109195,109197],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109192,103],{"class":102},[47,109194,106],{"class":61},[47,109196,86],{"class":92},[47,109198,216],{"class":61},[20,109200,109201,109202,109204,109205,109209],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109203,173],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[252,109206,109207,11006],{"href":108561},[15,109208,102963],{}," for more examples.",[33,109211,1397],{"id":1396},[20,109213,71739,109214,136],{},[15,109215,108205],{},[138,109217,109218,109224,109229,109234],{},[141,109219,109220,109221],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109222,109223],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[141,109225,8717,109226,109228],{},[15,109227,13025],{}," to remove the first or last item",[141,109230,29915,109231,109233],{},[15,109232,13025],{}," on an empty set",[141,109235,8681,109236,109238],{},[15,109237,13025],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109240,62557],{},[38,109242,109244],{"className":40,"code":109243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109245,109246,109256,109270,109284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109249,103],{"class":102},[47,109251,106],{"class":61},[47,109253,15931],{"class":92},[47,109255,216],{"class":61},[47,109257,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109259,103],{"class":102},[47,109261,106],{"class":61},[47,109263,969],{"class":102},[47,109265,106],{"class":61},[47,109267,15931],{"class":92},[47,109269,1978],{"class":61},[47,109271,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109273,103],{"class":102},[47,109275,106],{"class":61},[47,109277,1971],{"class":882},[47,109279,106],{"class":61},[47,109281,15931],{"class":92},[47,109283,1978],{"class":61},[47,109285,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,109287,28803],{"class":53},[47,109289,58],{"class":57},[47,109291,97028],{"class":53},[47,109293,89],{"class":61},[47,109295,26505],{"class":92},[47,109297,96],{"class":61},[20,109299,26272],{},[138,109301,109302,109305,109308,109311],{},[141,109303,109304],{},"What values are in the set",[141,109306,109307],{},"Whether the set is empty",[141,109309,109310],{},"That the object is really a set",[141,109312,109313],{},"What value was actually removed",[33,109315,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,109317,2082,109319,109321],{"id":109318},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109320,108205],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109323,109324,109325,109327],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109326,13025],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1404,109329,109331,109332,2099],{"id":109330},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109333,108205],{},[20,109335,109336,109337,109339,109340,109342],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109338,13025],{},", set ",[15,109341,13025],{}," does not accept an index.",[1404,109344,109346],{"id":109345},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109348,71908,109349,44897,109351,109353],{},[15,109350,19952],{},[15,109352,13025],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1404,109355,109357],{"id":109356},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109359,118,109360,3158,109362,11358,109364,89],{},[15,109361,55795],{},[15,109363,102958],{},[15,109365,13025],{},[33,109367,2187],{"id":2186},[138,109369,109370,109374,109380,109386,109390],{},[141,109371,109372],{},[252,109373,96432],{"href":97603},[141,109375,109376],{},[252,109377,96918,109378,11006],{"href":98313},[15,109379,55795],{},[141,109381,109382],{},[252,109383,96918,109384,11006],{"href":108561},[15,109385,102958],{},[141,109387,109388],{},[252,109389,11527],{"href":11340},[141,109391,109392],{},[252,109393,55781],{"href":55334},[2210,109395,109396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":109398},[109399,109400,109402,109403,109404,109405,109411,109420,109421,109429],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":108325,"depth":83,"text":109401},"What set.pop() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":108463,"depth":83,"text":108464},{"id":108566,"depth":83,"text":108567},{"id":108720,"depth":83,"text":108721,"children":109406},[109407,109409],{"id":108786,"depth":99,"text":109408},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108877,"depth":99,"text":109410},"Use try and except",{"id":108967,"depth":83,"text":109412,"children":109413},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109414,109416,109418],{"id":108979,"depth":99,"text":109415},"Use pop()",{"id":109051,"depth":99,"text":109417},"Use remove()",{"id":109131,"depth":99,"text":109419},"Use discard()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":109422},[109423,109425,109427,109428],{"id":109318,"depth":99,"text":109424},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109330,"depth":99,"text":109426},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109345,"depth":99,"text":109346},{"id":109356,"depth":99,"text":109357},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108193,"description":109430},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109437,"title":109438,"body":109439,"description":110593,"extension":2248,"meta":110594,"navigation":203,"path":110595,"seo":110596,"stem":110597,"__hash__":110598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109440,"toc":110561},[109441,109446,109451,109460,109462,109527,109531,109555,109562,109567,109571,109586,109589,109591,109610,109624,109627,109675,109679,109695,109697,109770,109774,109799,109805,109813,109817,109824,109879,109884,109901,109907,109913,109918,109926,109933,109937,109945,110000,110002,110019,110023,110030,110095,110099,110132,110134,110146,110153,110155,110160,110167,110169,110238,110242,110250,110252,110316,110320,110325,110372,110377,110445,110453,110460,110463,110469,110474,110478,110480,110483,110485,110490,110495,110501,110506,110513,110521,110527,110530,110532,110558],[10,109442,96304,109444,18],{"id":109443},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109445,55795],{},[20,109447,109448,109450],{},[15,109449,102972],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109452,109453,109454,109457,109458,89],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[4015,109455,109456],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109459,19952],{},[33,109461,36],{"id":35},[38,109463,109465],{"className":40,"code":109464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109466,109467,109499,109517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109468,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109470,13339],{"class":53},[47,109472,58],{"class":57},[47,109474,10756],{"class":61},[47,109476,633],{"class":632},[47,109478,13356],{"class":636},[47,109480,633],{"class":632},[47,109482,69],{"class":61},[47,109484,644],{"class":632},[47,109486,13373],{"class":636},[47,109488,633],{"class":632},[47,109490,69],{"class":61},[47,109492,644],{"class":632},[47,109494,17721],{"class":636},[47,109496,633],{"class":632},[47,109498,9573],{"class":61},[47,109500,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511,109513,109515],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109502,17768],{"class":53},[47,109504,89],{"class":61},[47,109506,35060],{"class":92},[47,109508,106],{"class":61},[47,109510,633],{"class":632},[47,109512,13373],{"class":636},[47,109514,633],{"class":632},[47,109516,216],{"class":61},[47,109518,109519,109521,109523,109525],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109520,103],{"class":102},[47,109522,106],{"class":61},[47,109524,17768],{"class":92},[47,109526,216],{"class":61},[20,109528,109529],{},[4015,109530,30295],{},[38,109532,109533],{"className":40,"code":103652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109534,109535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109536,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109538,9542],{"class":61},[47,109540,699],{"class":632},[47,109542,13356],{"class":636},[47,109544,699],{"class":632},[47,109546,69],{"class":61},[47,109548,708],{"class":632},[47,109550,17721],{"class":636},[47,109552,699],{"class":632},[47,109554,9573],{"class":61},[20,109556,118,109557,109559,109560,89],{},[15,109558,55795],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109561,19952],{},[33,109563,128,109565,131],{"id":109564},"what-setremove-does",[15,109566,102972],{},[20,109568,109569,136],{},[15,109570,102972],{},[138,109572,109573,109576,109578,109580],{},[141,109574,109575],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[141,109577,96419],{},[141,109579,96422],{},[141,109581,109582,109583,109585],{},"Raises ",[15,109584,19952],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109587,109588],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[33,109590,259],{"id":258},[38,109592,109594],{"className":40,"code":109593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109595,109596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109597,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109599,15931],{"class":53},[47,109601,89],{"class":61},[47,109603,35060],{"class":92},[47,109605,106],{"class":61},[47,109607,2753],{"class":92},[47,109609,216],{"class":61},[138,109611,109612,109616,109621],{},[141,109613,109614,103194],{},[15,109615,15931],{},[141,109617,109618,109620],{},[15,109619,2753],{}," is the item to remove",[141,109622,109623],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109625,109626],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,109628,109629],{"className":40,"code":109071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109630,109631,109651,109665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109632,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109634,54],{"class":53},[47,109636,58],{"class":57},[47,109638,10756],{"class":61},[47,109640,232],{"class":65},[47,109642,69],{"class":61},[47,109644,77],{"class":65},[47,109646,69],{"class":61},[47,109648,442],{"class":65},[47,109650,9573],{"class":61},[47,109652,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109654,86],{"class":53},[47,109656,89],{"class":61},[47,109658,35060],{"class":92},[47,109660,106],{"class":61},[47,109662,2340],{"class":65},[47,109664,216],{"class":61},[47,109666,109667,109669,109671,109673],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109668,103],{"class":102},[47,109670,106],{"class":61},[47,109672,86],{"class":92},[47,109674,216],{"class":61},[20,109676,109677],{},[4015,109678,30295],{},[38,109680,109681],{"className":40,"code":101402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109682,109683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109684,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109686,9542],{"class":61},[47,109688,232],{"class":65},[47,109690,69],{"class":61},[47,109692,442],{"class":65},[47,109694,9573],{"class":61},[33,109696,11739],{"id":11738},[38,109698,109700],{"className":40,"code":109699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109701,109702,109734,109738,109756,109760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109703,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109705,36504],{"class":53},[47,109707,58],{"class":57},[47,109709,10756],{"class":61},[47,109711,633],{"class":632},[47,109713,647],{"class":636},[47,109715,633],{"class":632},[47,109717,69],{"class":61},[47,109719,644],{"class":632},[47,109721,637],{"class":636},[47,109723,633],{"class":632},[47,109725,69],{"class":61},[47,109727,644],{"class":632},[47,109729,33488],{"class":636},[47,109731,633],{"class":632},[47,109733,9573],{"class":61},[47,109735,109736],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109737,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,109739,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,109741,36556],{"class":53},[47,109743,89],{"class":61},[47,109745,35060],{"class":92},[47,109747,106],{"class":61},[47,109749,633],{"class":632},[47,109751,637],{"class":636},[47,109753,633],{"class":632},[47,109755,216],{"class":61},[47,109757,109758],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,109759,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,109761,109762,109764,109766,109768],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,109763,103],{"class":102},[47,109765,106],{"class":61},[47,109767,36556],{"class":92},[47,109769,216],{"class":61},[20,109771,109772],{},[4015,109773,30295],{},[38,109775,109777],{"className":40,"code":109776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109778,109779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109780,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109782,9542],{"class":61},[47,109784,699],{"class":632},[47,109786,647],{"class":636},[47,109788,699],{"class":632},[47,109790,69],{"class":61},[47,109792,708],{"class":632},[47,109794,33488],{"class":636},[47,109796,699],{"class":632},[47,109798,9573],{"class":61},[20,109800,109801,109802,109804],{},"This removes ",[15,109803,65534],{}," from the set.",[20,109806,109807,109808,109810,109811,89],{},"A set does ",[4015,109809,4896],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[252,109812,96436],{"href":97987},[33,109814,109816],{"id":109815},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109818,109819,109820,52764,109822,89],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109821,55795],{},[15,109823,19952],{},[38,109825,109827],{"className":40,"code":109826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109828,109829,109861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109830,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109832,13339],{"class":53},[47,109834,58],{"class":57},[47,109836,10756],{"class":61},[47,109838,633],{"class":632},[47,109840,13356],{"class":636},[47,109842,633],{"class":632},[47,109844,69],{"class":61},[47,109846,644],{"class":632},[47,109848,13373],{"class":636},[47,109850,633],{"class":632},[47,109852,69],{"class":61},[47,109854,644],{"class":632},[47,109856,17721],{"class":636},[47,109858,633],{"class":632},[47,109860,9573],{"class":61},[47,109862,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109864,17768],{"class":53},[47,109866,89],{"class":61},[47,109868,35060],{"class":92},[47,109870,106],{"class":61},[47,109872,633],{"class":632},[47,109874,22790],{"class":636},[47,109876,633],{"class":632},[47,109878,216],{"class":61},[20,109880,109881],{},[4015,109882,109883],{},"Result:",[38,109885,109887],{"className":40,"code":109886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109888,109889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109892,19952],{"class":882},[47,109894,136],{"class":61},[47,109896,708],{"class":632},[47,109898,22790],{"class":636},[47,109900,29965],{"class":632},[20,109902,22455,109903,109906],{},[15,109904,109905],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109908,109909,109910,109912],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109911,55795],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109914,109915,109916,89],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[252,109917,11527],{"href":11340},[33,109919,4464,109921,109923,109924],{"id":109920},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109922,55795],{}," is different from ",[15,109925,102958],{},[20,109927,109928,1233,109930,109932],{},[15,109929,55795],{},[15,109931,102958],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1404,109934,109935],{"id":35060},[15,109936,55795],{},[138,109938,109939,109942],{},[141,109940,109941],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[141,109943,109944],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,109946,109948],{"className":40,"code":109947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109949,109950,109982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109951,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109953,1639],{"class":53},[47,109955,58],{"class":57},[47,109957,10756],{"class":61},[47,109959,633],{"class":632},[47,109961,252],{"class":636},[47,109963,633],{"class":632},[47,109965,69],{"class":61},[47,109967,644],{"class":632},[47,109969,5026],{"class":636},[47,109971,633],{"class":632},[47,109973,69],{"class":61},[47,109975,644],{"class":632},[47,109977,10004],{"class":636},[47,109979,633],{"class":632},[47,109981,9573],{"class":61},[47,109983,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,109985,1659],{"class":53},[47,109987,89],{"class":61},[47,109989,35060],{"class":92},[47,109991,106],{"class":61},[47,109993,633],{"class":632},[47,109995,19032],{"class":636},[47,109997,633],{"class":632},[47,109999,216],{"class":61},[20,110001,108758],{},[38,110003,110005],{"className":40,"code":110004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110006,110007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110008,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110010,19952],{"class":882},[47,110012,136],{"class":61},[47,110014,708],{"class":632},[47,110016,19032],{"class":636},[47,110018,29965],{"class":632},[1404,110020,110021],{"id":103025},[15,110022,102958],{},[138,110024,110025,110027],{},[141,110026,109941],{},[141,110028,110029],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,110031,110033],{"className":40,"code":110032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110034,110035,110067,110085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110036,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110038,1639],{"class":53},[47,110040,58],{"class":57},[47,110042,10756],{"class":61},[47,110044,633],{"class":632},[47,110046,252],{"class":636},[47,110048,633],{"class":632},[47,110050,69],{"class":61},[47,110052,644],{"class":632},[47,110054,5026],{"class":636},[47,110056,633],{"class":632},[47,110058,69],{"class":61},[47,110060,644],{"class":632},[47,110062,10004],{"class":636},[47,110064,633],{"class":632},[47,110066,9573],{"class":61},[47,110068,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110070,1659],{"class":53},[47,110072,89],{"class":61},[47,110074,103025],{"class":92},[47,110076,106],{"class":61},[47,110078,633],{"class":632},[47,110080,19032],{"class":636},[47,110082,633],{"class":632},[47,110084,216],{"class":61},[47,110086,110087,110089,110091,110093],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110088,103],{"class":102},[47,110090,106],{"class":61},[47,110092,1659],{"class":92},[47,110094,216],{"class":61},[20,110096,110097],{},[4015,110098,219],{},[38,110100,110102],{"className":40,"code":110101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110103,110104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110105,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110107,9542],{"class":61},[47,110109,699],{"class":632},[47,110111,252],{"class":636},[47,110113,699],{"class":632},[47,110115,69],{"class":61},[47,110117,708],{"class":632},[47,110119,5026],{"class":636},[47,110121,699],{"class":632},[47,110123,69],{"class":61},[47,110125,708],{"class":632},[47,110127,10004],{"class":636},[47,110129,699],{"class":632},[47,110131,9573],{"class":61},[20,110133,2114],{},[138,110135,110136,110141],{},[141,110137,110138,110140],{},[15,110139,55795],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[141,110142,110143,110145],{},[15,110144,102958],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110147,110148,110149,89],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[252,110150,96918,110151,11006],{"href":108561},[15,110152,102958],{},[33,110154,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,110156,8717,110158,97298],{"id":110157},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110159,55795],{},[20,110161,110162,110164,110165,89],{},[15,110163,55795],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110166,124],{},[20,110168,1590],{},[38,110170,110172],{"className":40,"code":110171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110173,110174,110206,110228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110175,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110177,13339],{"class":53},[47,110179,58],{"class":57},[47,110181,10756],{"class":61},[47,110183,633],{"class":632},[47,110185,13356],{"class":636},[47,110187,633],{"class":632},[47,110189,69],{"class":61},[47,110191,644],{"class":632},[47,110193,13373],{"class":636},[47,110195,633],{"class":632},[47,110197,69],{"class":61},[47,110199,644],{"class":632},[47,110201,17721],{"class":636},[47,110203,633],{"class":632},[47,110205,9573],{"class":61},[47,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110209,13382],{"class":53},[47,110211,58],{"class":57},[47,110213,13387],{"class":53},[47,110215,89],{"class":61},[47,110217,35060],{"class":92},[47,110219,106],{"class":61},[47,110221,633],{"class":632},[47,110223,13373],{"class":636},[47,110225,633],{"class":632},[47,110227,216],{"class":61},[47,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110231,103],{"class":102},[47,110233,106],{"class":61},[47,110235,13406],{"class":92},[47,110237,216],{"class":61},[20,110239,110240],{},[4015,110241,219],{},[38,110243,110244],{"className":40,"code":1490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110245,110246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110247,110248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110249,1490],{"class":284},[20,110251,16920],{},[38,110253,110254],{"className":40,"code":109464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110255,110256,110288,110306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110257,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110259,13339],{"class":53},[47,110261,58],{"class":57},[47,110263,10756],{"class":61},[47,110265,633],{"class":632},[47,110267,13356],{"class":636},[47,110269,633],{"class":632},[47,110271,69],{"class":61},[47,110273,644],{"class":632},[47,110275,13373],{"class":636},[47,110277,633],{"class":632},[47,110279,69],{"class":61},[47,110281,644],{"class":632},[47,110283,17721],{"class":636},[47,110285,633],{"class":632},[47,110287,9573],{"class":61},[47,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110291,17768],{"class":53},[47,110293,89],{"class":61},[47,110295,35060],{"class":92},[47,110297,106],{"class":61},[47,110299,633],{"class":632},[47,110301,13373],{"class":636},[47,110303,633],{"class":632},[47,110305,216],{"class":61},[47,110307,110308,110310,110312,110314],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110309,103],{"class":102},[47,110311,106],{"class":61},[47,110313,17768],{"class":92},[47,110315,216],{"class":61},[1404,110317,110319],{"id":110318},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110321,110322,110323,89],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110324,19952],{},[38,110326,110328],{"className":40,"code":110327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110329,110330,110354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110331,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110333,13339],{"class":53},[47,110335,58],{"class":57},[47,110337,10756],{"class":61},[47,110339,633],{"class":632},[47,110341,13356],{"class":636},[47,110343,633],{"class":632},[47,110345,69],{"class":61},[47,110347,644],{"class":632},[47,110349,13373],{"class":636},[47,110351,633],{"class":632},[47,110353,9573],{"class":61},[47,110355,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110357,17768],{"class":53},[47,110359,89],{"class":61},[47,110361,35060],{"class":92},[47,110363,106],{"class":61},[47,110365,633],{"class":632},[47,110367,17721],{"class":636},[47,110369,633],{"class":632},[47,110371,216],{"class":61},[20,110373,110374,110375,136],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110376,2034],{},[38,110378,110380],{"className":40,"code":110379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110381,110382,110406,110410,110426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110383,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110385,13339],{"class":53},[47,110387,58],{"class":57},[47,110389,10756],{"class":61},[47,110391,633],{"class":632},[47,110393,13356],{"class":636},[47,110395,633],{"class":632},[47,110397,69],{"class":61},[47,110399,644],{"class":632},[47,110401,13373],{"class":636},[47,110403,633],{"class":632},[47,110405,9573],{"class":61},[47,110407,110408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110409,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,110411,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110413,7262],{"class":2027},[47,110415,644],{"class":632},[47,110417,17721],{"class":636},[47,110419,633],{"class":632},[47,110421,21439],{"class":57},[47,110423,13387],{"class":53},[47,110425,6657],{"class":61},[47,110427,110428,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441,110443],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,110429,110430],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110432,89],{"class":61},[47,110434,35060],{"class":92},[47,110436,106],{"class":61},[47,110438,633],{"class":632},[47,110440,17721],{"class":636},[47,110442,633],{"class":632},[47,110444,216],{"class":61},[20,110446,110447,110448,110452],{},"Or use ",[252,110449,110450],{"href":108561},[15,110451,102958],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1404,110454,37468,110456,8968,110458],{"id":110455},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110457,102972],{},[15,110459,55342],{},[20,110461,110462],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110464,110465,110466,110468],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110467,102972],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110470,110471,110472,89],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[252,110473,99182],{"href":99181},[1404,110475,110477],{"id":110476},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110479,108467],{},[20,110481,110482],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[33,110484,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,110486,2082,110488,97397],{"id":110487},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110489,102972],{},[20,110491,110492,110493,89],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110494,124],{},[1404,110496,30553,110498,110500],{"id":110497},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110499,102972],{}," raise?",[20,110502,30559,110503,110505],{},[15,110504,19952],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1404,110507,21686,110509,3158,110511,2099],{"id":110508},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110510,55795],{},[15,110512,102958],{},[20,110514,118,110515,110517,110518,110520],{},[15,110516,55795],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110519,102958],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1404,110522,5436,110524,110526],{"id":110523},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110525,102972],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110528,110529],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[33,110531,2187],{"id":2186},[138,110533,110534,110540,110546,110550,110554],{},[141,110535,110536],{},[252,110537,96918,110538,11006],{"href":108561},[15,110539,102958],{},[141,110541,110542],{},[252,110543,96918,110544,11006],{"href":98318},[15,110545,13025],{},[141,110547,110548],{},[252,110549,97442],{"href":97987},[141,110551,110552],{},[252,110553,100448],{"href":99181},[141,110555,110556],{},[252,110557,11527],{"href":11340},[2210,110559,110560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":110562},[110563,110564,110566,110567,110568,110569,110574,110582,110592],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":109564,"depth":83,"text":110565},"What set.remove() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":109815,"depth":83,"text":109816},{"id":109920,"depth":83,"text":110570,"children":110571},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110572,110573],{"id":35060,"depth":99,"text":55795},{"id":103025,"depth":99,"text":102958},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":110575},[110576,110578,110579,110581],{"id":110157,"depth":99,"text":110577},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110318,"depth":99,"text":110319},{"id":110455,"depth":99,"text":110580},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110476,"depth":99,"text":110477},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":110583},[110584,110586,110588,110590],{"id":110487,"depth":99,"text":110585},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110497,"depth":99,"text":110587},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110508,"depth":99,"text":110589},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110523,"depth":99,"text":110591},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109438,"description":110593},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110600,"title":110601,"body":110602,"description":111975,"extension":2248,"meta":111976,"navigation":203,"path":111977,"seo":111978,"stem":111979,"__hash__":111980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110603,"toc":111950},[110604,110610,110616,110619,110622,110636,110638,110719,110722,110727,110731,110745,110752,110754,110773,110776,110794,110796,110876,110878,110903,110907,110910,110918,110923,110928,110930,110943,110948,110951,110975,110978,110986,110988,110991,111088,111090,111123,111125,111151,111158,111161,111165,111173,111177,111185,111187,111277,111279,111293,111300,111305,111310,111312,111403,111405,111417,111419,111433,111439,111447,111449,111531,111533,111578,111581,111589,111592,111594,111598,111641,111643,111663,111668,111670,111755,111757,111762,111764,111771,111779,111785,111788,111790,111876,111878,111902,111906,111909,111911,111938,111948],[10,110605,96304,110607,18],{"id":110606},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110608,110609],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110611,110612,110615],{},[15,110613,110614],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110617,110618],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110620,110621],{},"Use it when:",[138,110623,110624,110627,110633],{},[141,110625,110626],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[141,110628,110629,110630,110632],{},"you do ",[4015,110631,4896],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[141,110634,110635],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[33,110637,3884],{"id":3883},[38,110639,110641],{"className":40,"code":110640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110642,110643,110663,110683,110687,110706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110644,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110646,2834],{"class":53},[47,110648,58],{"class":57},[47,110650,10756],{"class":61},[47,110652,232],{"class":65},[47,110654,69],{"class":61},[47,110656,77],{"class":65},[47,110658,69],{"class":61},[47,110660,442],{"class":65},[47,110662,9573],{"class":61},[47,110664,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110666,2862],{"class":53},[47,110668,58],{"class":57},[47,110670,10756],{"class":61},[47,110672,66],{"class":65},[47,110674,69],{"class":61},[47,110676,402],{"class":65},[47,110678,69],{"class":61},[47,110680,241],{"class":65},[47,110682,9573],{"class":61},[47,110684,110685],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110686,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,110688,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110700,110702,110704],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,110690,1442],{"class":53},[47,110692,58],{"class":57},[47,110694,57153],{"class":53},[47,110696,89],{"class":61},[47,110698,110699],{"class":92},"symmetric_difference",[47,110701,106],{"class":61},[47,110703,5026],{"class":92},[47,110705,216],{"class":61},[47,110707,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,110709,103],{"class":102},[47,110711,106],{"class":61},[47,110713,1466],{"class":92},[47,110715,111],{"class":61},[47,110717,110718],{"class":114},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110720,110721],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[33,110723,128,110725,131],{"id":110724},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110726,110609],{},[20,110728,110729,136],{},[15,110730,110614],{},[138,110732,110733,110736,110739,110742],{},[141,110734,110735],{},"returns a new set",[141,110737,110738],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[141,110740,110741],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[141,110743,110744],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110746,96428,110747,3158,110749,89],{},[252,110748,96432],{"href":96431},[252,110750,110751],{"href":96435},"creating a set in Python",[33,110753,259],{"id":258},[38,110755,110757],{"className":40,"code":110756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110758,110759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110760,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110762,100689],{"class":53},[47,110764,89],{"class":61},[47,110766,110699],{"class":92},[47,110768,106],{"class":61},[47,110770,100698],{"class":92},[47,110772,216],{"class":61},[20,110774,110775],{},"Notes:",[138,110777,110778,110783,110788,110791],{},[141,110779,110780,110782],{},[15,110781,100689],{}," must be a set",[141,110784,110785,110787],{},[15,110786,100698],{}," can be any iterable",[141,110789,110790],{},"the result is always a set",[141,110792,110793],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110795,318],{},[38,110797,110799],{"className":40,"code":110798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110800,110801,110822,110843,110847,110866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110802,110803,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110804,110805],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110807,58],{"class":57},[47,110809,10756],{"class":61},[47,110811,232],{"class":65},[47,110813,69],{"class":61},[47,110815,77],{"class":65},[47,110817,69],{"class":61},[47,110819,442],{"class":65},[47,110821,9573],{"class":61},[47,110823,110824,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,110825,110826],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110828,58],{"class":57},[47,110830,10756],{"class":61},[47,110832,66],{"class":65},[47,110834,69],{"class":61},[47,110836,402],{"class":65},[47,110838,69],{"class":61},[47,110840,241],{"class":65},[47,110842,9573],{"class":61},[47,110844,110845],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,110846,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,110848,110849,110851,110853,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,110850,1442],{"class":53},[47,110852,58],{"class":57},[47,110854,110855],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110857,89],{"class":61},[47,110859,110699],{"class":92},[47,110861,106],{"class":61},[47,110863,100698],{"class":92},[47,110865,216],{"class":61},[47,110867,110868,110870,110872,110874],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,110869,103],{"class":102},[47,110871,106],{"class":61},[47,110873,1466],{"class":92},[47,110875,216],{"class":61},[20,110877,219],{},[38,110879,110881],{"className":40,"code":110880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110882,110883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110884,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110886,9542],{"class":61},[47,110888,232],{"class":65},[47,110890,69],{"class":61},[47,110892,77],{"class":65},[47,110894,69],{"class":61},[47,110896,402],{"class":65},[47,110898,69],{"class":61},[47,110900,241],{"class":65},[47,110902,9573],{"class":61},[33,110904,110906],{"id":110905},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110908,110909],{},"The result includes:",[138,110911,110912,110915],{},[141,110913,110914],{},"items only in the first set",[141,110916,110917],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110919,110920,110921,11349],{},"The result does ",[4015,110922,4896],{},[138,110924,110925],{},[141,110926,110927],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110929,5739],{},[138,110931,110932,110937],{},[141,110933,110934,110935],{},"first set: ",[15,110936,100386],{},[141,110938,110939,110940],{},"second set: ",[15,110941,110942],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110944,4319,110945,110947],{},[15,110946,66],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110949,110950],{},"The output is:",[38,110952,110953],{"className":40,"code":110880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110954,110955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110956,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110958,9542],{"class":61},[47,110960,232],{"class":65},[47,110962,69],{"class":61},[47,110964,77],{"class":65},[47,110966,69],{"class":61},[47,110968,402],{"class":65},[47,110970,69],{"class":61},[47,110972,241],{"class":65},[47,110974,9573],{"class":61},[20,110976,110977],{},"Also remember:",[138,110979,110980,110983],{},[141,110981,110982],{},"sets are unordered",[141,110984,110985],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[33,110987,11739],{"id":11738},[20,110989,110990],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,110992,110994],{"className":40,"code":110993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110995,110996,111028,111052,111056,111074,111078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110997,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110999,107129],{"class":53},[47,111001,58],{"class":57},[47,111003,10756],{"class":61},[47,111005,633],{"class":632},[47,111007,13356],{"class":636},[47,111009,633],{"class":632},[47,111011,69],{"class":61},[47,111013,644],{"class":632},[47,111015,13373],{"class":636},[47,111017,633],{"class":632},[47,111019,69],{"class":61},[47,111021,644],{"class":632},[47,111023,17721],{"class":636},[47,111025,633],{"class":632},[47,111027,9573],{"class":61},[47,111029,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111031,107162],{"class":53},[47,111033,58],{"class":57},[47,111035,10756],{"class":61},[47,111037,633],{"class":632},[47,111039,17721],{"class":636},[47,111041,633],{"class":632},[47,111043,69],{"class":61},[47,111045,644],{"class":632},[47,111047,22790],{"class":636},[47,111049,633],{"class":632},[47,111051,9573],{"class":61},[47,111053,111054],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111055,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111057,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111059,1442],{"class":53},[47,111061,58],{"class":57},[47,111063,107204],{"class":53},[47,111065,89],{"class":61},[47,111067,110699],{"class":92},[47,111069,106],{"class":61},[47,111071,107213],{"class":92},[47,111073,216],{"class":61},[47,111075,111076],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111077,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111079,111080,111082,111084,111086],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,111081,103],{"class":102},[47,111083,106],{"class":61},[47,111085,1466],{"class":92},[47,111087,216],{"class":61},[20,111089,219],{},[38,111091,111093],{"className":40,"code":111092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111094,111095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111096,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111098,9542],{"class":61},[47,111100,699],{"class":632},[47,111102,13356],{"class":636},[47,111104,699],{"class":632},[47,111106,69],{"class":61},[47,111108,708],{"class":632},[47,111110,13373],{"class":636},[47,111112,699],{"class":632},[47,111114,69],{"class":61},[47,111116,708],{"class":632},[47,111118,22790],{"class":636},[47,111120,699],{"class":632},[47,111122,9573],{"class":61},[20,111124,13673],{},[138,111126,111127,111132,111143],{},[141,111128,111129,111131],{},[15,111130,96597],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[141,111133,111134,1233,111136,111139,111140,111142],{},[15,111135,65652],{},[15,111137,111138],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111141,107266],{},", so they stay",[141,111144,111145,111147,111148,111150],{},[15,111146,109905],{}," is only in ",[15,111149,107213],{},", so it stays",[33,111152,111154,1225,111156],{"id":111153},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111155,110609],{},[15,111157,100518],{},[20,111159,111160],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111162,111163,136],{},[15,111164,100518],{},[138,111166,111167,111170],{},[141,111168,111169],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[141,111171,111172],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111174,111175,136],{},[15,111176,110609],{},[138,111178,111179,111182],{},[141,111180,111181],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[141,111183,111184],{},"removes shared items",[20,111186,318],{},[38,111188,111190],{"className":40,"code":111189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111191,111192,111212,111232,111236,111257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111193,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111195,2834],{"class":53},[47,111197,58],{"class":57},[47,111199,10756],{"class":61},[47,111201,232],{"class":65},[47,111203,69],{"class":61},[47,111205,77],{"class":65},[47,111207,69],{"class":61},[47,111209,442],{"class":65},[47,111211,9573],{"class":61},[47,111213,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111215,2862],{"class":53},[47,111217,58],{"class":57},[47,111219,10756],{"class":61},[47,111221,66],{"class":65},[47,111223,69],{"class":61},[47,111225,402],{"class":65},[47,111227,69],{"class":61},[47,111229,241],{"class":65},[47,111231,9573],{"class":61},[47,111233,111234],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111235,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111237,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111239,103],{"class":102},[47,111241,106],{"class":61},[47,111243,252],{"class":92},[47,111245,89],{"class":61},[47,111247,3092],{"class":92},[47,111249,106],{"class":61},[47,111251,5026],{"class":92},[47,111253,5628],{"class":61},[47,111255,111256],{"class":114},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111258,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271,111273,111275],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111260,103],{"class":102},[47,111262,106],{"class":61},[47,111264,252],{"class":92},[47,111266,89],{"class":61},[47,111268,110699],{"class":92},[47,111270,106],{"class":61},[47,111272,5026],{"class":92},[47,111274,5628],{"class":61},[47,111276,110718],{"class":114},[20,111278,2114],{},[138,111280,111281,111288],{},[141,111282,111283,111287],{},[252,111284,111285],{"href":102944},[15,111286,100518],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[141,111289,111290,111292],{},[15,111291,110609],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[33,111294,111296,1225,111298],{"id":111295},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111297,110609],{},[15,111299,102903],{},[20,111301,111302,111304],{},[15,111303,102903],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111306,111307,111309],{},[15,111308,110609],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111311,318],{},[38,111313,111315],{"className":40,"code":111314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111316,111317,111337,111357,111361,111383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111318,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111320,2834],{"class":53},[47,111322,58],{"class":57},[47,111324,10756],{"class":61},[47,111326,232],{"class":65},[47,111328,69],{"class":61},[47,111330,77],{"class":65},[47,111332,69],{"class":61},[47,111334,442],{"class":65},[47,111336,9573],{"class":61},[47,111338,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111340,2862],{"class":53},[47,111342,58],{"class":57},[47,111344,10756],{"class":61},[47,111346,66],{"class":65},[47,111348,69],{"class":61},[47,111350,402],{"class":65},[47,111352,69],{"class":61},[47,111354,241],{"class":65},[47,111356,9573],{"class":61},[47,111358,111359],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111360,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111362,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111374,111376,111378,111380],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111364,103],{"class":102},[47,111366,106],{"class":61},[47,111368,252],{"class":92},[47,111370,89],{"class":61},[47,111372,111373],{"class":92},"union",[47,111375,106],{"class":61},[47,111377,5026],{"class":92},[47,111379,5628],{"class":61},[47,111381,111382],{"class":114},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111384,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111386,103],{"class":102},[47,111388,106],{"class":61},[47,111390,252],{"class":92},[47,111392,89],{"class":61},[47,111394,110699],{"class":92},[47,111396,106],{"class":61},[47,111398,5026],{"class":92},[47,111400,5628],{"class":61},[47,111402,110718],{"class":114},[20,111404,27485],{},[138,111406,111407,111412],{},[141,111408,111409,111411],{},[15,111410,102903],{}," includes everything",[141,111413,111414,111416],{},[15,111415,110609],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111418,2114],{},[138,111420,111421,111428],{},[141,111422,111423,111427],{},[252,111424,111425],{"href":107834},[15,111426,102903],{}," when overlap does not matter",[141,111429,111430,111432],{},[15,111431,110609],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[33,111434,950,111436,101702],{"id":111435},"using-the-operator",[15,111437,111438],{},"^",[20,111440,111441,111442,111444,111445,89],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111443,111438],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111446,110609],{},[20,111448,318],{},[38,111450,111452],{"className":40,"code":111451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111453,111454,111474,111494,111498,111516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111457,110805],{"class":53},[47,111459,58],{"class":57},[47,111461,10756],{"class":61},[47,111463,232],{"class":65},[47,111465,69],{"class":61},[47,111467,77],{"class":65},[47,111469,69],{"class":61},[47,111471,442],{"class":65},[47,111473,9573],{"class":61},[47,111475,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111477,110826],{"class":53},[47,111479,58],{"class":57},[47,111481,10756],{"class":61},[47,111483,66],{"class":65},[47,111485,69],{"class":61},[47,111487,402],{"class":65},[47,111489,69],{"class":61},[47,111491,241],{"class":65},[47,111493,9573],{"class":61},[47,111495,111496],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111497,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111499,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111501,103],{"class":102},[47,111503,106],{"class":61},[47,111505,100689],{"class":92},[47,111507,89],{"class":61},[47,111509,110699],{"class":92},[47,111511,106],{"class":61},[47,111513,100698],{"class":92},[47,111515,1978],{"class":61},[47,111517,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111529],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111519,103],{"class":102},[47,111521,106],{"class":61},[47,111523,110805],{"class":92},[47,111525,111438],{"class":57},[47,111527,111528],{"class":92}," set2",[47,111530,216],{"class":61},[20,111532,30295],{},[38,111534,111536],{"className":40,"code":111535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111537,111538,111558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111539,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111541,9542],{"class":61},[47,111543,232],{"class":65},[47,111545,69],{"class":61},[47,111547,77],{"class":65},[47,111549,69],{"class":61},[47,111551,402],{"class":65},[47,111553,69],{"class":61},[47,111555,241],{"class":65},[47,111557,9573],{"class":61},[47,111559,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111561,9542],{"class":61},[47,111563,232],{"class":65},[47,111565,69],{"class":61},[47,111567,77],{"class":65},[47,111569,69],{"class":61},[47,111571,402],{"class":65},[47,111573,69],{"class":61},[47,111575,241],{"class":65},[47,111577,9573],{"class":61},[20,111579,111580],{},"Both forms:",[138,111582,111583,111586],{},[141,111584,111585],{},"return a new set",[141,111587,111588],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111590,111591],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[33,111593,4784],{"id":4783},[20,111595,21477,111596,136],{},[15,111597,110609],{},[138,111599,111600,111608,111618,111633],{},[141,111601,111602,111605,111607],{},[4015,111603,111604],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10111,111606],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[141,111609,111610,111613,111615,111617],{},[4015,111611,111612],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10111,111614],{},[15,111616,110609],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[141,111619,111620,111625,111627,111629,111630,111632],{},[4015,111621,111622,111623],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111624,100518],{},[10111,111626],{},[15,111628,100518],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111631,110609],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[141,111634,111635,111638,111640],{},[4015,111636,111637],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10111,111639],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111642,59127],{},[138,111644,111645,111654,111657,111660],{},[141,111646,50761,111647,44897,111649,111653],{},[15,111648,110609],{},[252,111650,111651],{"href":107834},[15,111652,102903],{}," is actually needed",[141,111655,111656],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[141,111658,111659],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[141,111661,111662],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111664,111665,111666,89],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[252,111667,99182],{"href":105447},[20,111669,62557],{},[38,111671,111673],{"className":40,"code":111672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111674,111675,111685,111695,111713,111727,111741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111676,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111678,103],{"class":102},[47,111680,106],{"class":61},[47,111682,100689],{"class":92},[47,111684,216],{"class":61},[47,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111688,103],{"class":102},[47,111690,106],{"class":61},[47,111692,100698],{"class":92},[47,111694,216],{"class":61},[47,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111698,103],{"class":102},[47,111700,106],{"class":61},[47,111702,100689],{"class":92},[47,111704,89],{"class":61},[47,111706,110699],{"class":92},[47,111708,106],{"class":61},[47,111710,100698],{"class":92},[47,111712,1978],{"class":61},[47,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111716,103],{"class":102},[47,111718,106],{"class":61},[47,111720,110805],{"class":92},[47,111722,111438],{"class":57},[47,111724,111528],{"class":92},[47,111726,216],{"class":61},[47,111728,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111730,103],{"class":102},[47,111732,106],{"class":61},[47,111734,1971],{"class":882},[47,111736,106],{"class":61},[47,111738,100689],{"class":92},[47,111740,1978],{"class":61},[47,111742,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,111744,103],{"class":102},[47,111746,106],{"class":61},[47,111748,1971],{"class":882},[47,111750,106],{"class":61},[47,111752,100698],{"class":92},[47,111754,1978],{"class":61},[33,111756,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,111758,2082,111760,102843],{"id":111759},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111761,110609],{},[20,111763,102846],{},[1404,111765,2094,111767,1233,111769,2099],{"id":111766},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111768,110609],{},[15,111770,100518],{},[20,111772,111773,111775,111776,111778],{},[15,111774,100518],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111777,110609],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1404,111780,28593,111782,111784],{"id":111781},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111783,110609],{}," with lists?",[20,111786,111787],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111789,318],{},[38,111791,111793],{"className":40,"code":111792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111794,111795,111815,111835,111839,111866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111796,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111798,80759],{"class":53},[47,111800,58],{"class":57},[47,111802,62],{"class":61},[47,111804,232],{"class":65},[47,111806,69],{"class":61},[47,111808,77],{"class":65},[47,111810,69],{"class":61},[47,111812,442],{"class":65},[47,111814,80],{"class":61},[47,111816,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,111818,80780],{"class":53},[47,111820,58],{"class":57},[47,111822,62],{"class":61},[47,111824,66],{"class":65},[47,111826,69],{"class":61},[47,111828,402],{"class":65},[47,111830,69],{"class":61},[47,111832,241],{"class":65},[47,111834,80],{"class":61},[47,111836,111837],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,111838,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,111840,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,111842,1442],{"class":53},[47,111844,58],{"class":57},[47,111846,15898],{"class":882},[47,111848,106],{"class":61},[47,111850,111851],{"class":92},"list1",[47,111853,8896],{"class":61},[47,111855,110699],{"class":92},[47,111857,106],{"class":61},[47,111859,6551],{"class":882},[47,111861,106],{"class":61},[47,111863,81046],{"class":92},[47,111865,1978],{"class":61},[47,111867,111868,111870,111872,111874],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,111869,103],{"class":102},[47,111871,106],{"class":61},[47,111873,1466],{"class":92},[47,111875,216],{"class":61},[20,111877,219],{},[38,111879,111880],{"className":40,"code":110880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111881,111882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898,111900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111885,9542],{"class":61},[47,111887,232],{"class":65},[47,111889,69],{"class":61},[47,111891,77],{"class":65},[47,111893,69],{"class":61},[47,111895,402],{"class":65},[47,111897,69],{"class":61},[47,111899,241],{"class":65},[47,111901,9573],{"class":61},[1404,111903,111905],{"id":111904},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111907,111908],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[33,111910,2187],{"id":2186},[138,111912,111913,111917,111922,111928,111934],{},[141,111914,111915],{},[252,111916,96432],{"href":96431},[141,111918,111919],{},[252,111920,111921],{"href":96435},"Creating a set in Python",[141,111923,111924],{},[252,111925,96918,111926,11006],{"href":102944},[15,111927,100518],{},[141,111929,111930],{},[252,111931,96918,111932,11006],{"href":107834},[15,111933,102903],{},[141,111935,111936],{},[252,111937,100448],{"href":105447},[20,111939,111940,111941,2472,111943,17337,111945,111947],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111942,100518],{},[15,111944,102903],{},[15,111946,110609],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2210,111949,57507],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":111951},[111952,111953,111955,111956,111957,111958,111960,111962,111964,111965,111974],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":110724,"depth":83,"text":111954},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":110905,"depth":83,"text":110906},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":111153,"depth":83,"text":111959},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111295,"depth":83,"text":111961},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111435,"depth":83,"text":111963},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":111966},[111967,111969,111971,111973],{"id":111759,"depth":99,"text":111968},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111766,"depth":99,"text":111970},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111781,"depth":99,"text":111972},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111904,"depth":99,"text":111905},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110601,"description":111975},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111982,"title":111983,"body":111984,"description":114047,"extension":2248,"meta":114048,"navigation":203,"path":107834,"seo":114049,"stem":114050,"__hash__":114051},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111985,"toc":114006},[111986,111991,111996,111999,112012,112014,112096,112101,112106,112110,112122,112125,112129,112131,112158,112160,112171,112174,112243,112245,112251,112254,112264,112266,112355,112360,112362,112369,112372,112374,112377,112497,112499,112568,112571,112588,112593,112596,112712,112714,112743,112746,112752,112757,112761,112842,112844,112872,112877,112881,112976,112978,113019,113023,113026,113093,113095,113136,113142,113157,113164,113171,113175,113181,113267,113271,113279,113350,113355,113362,113364,113370,113372,113437,113439,113455,113460,113463,113532,113536,113539,113598,113601,113605,113658,113671,113674,113727,113731,113733,113764,113767,113772,113825,113829,113832,113853,113865,113867,113920,113922,113927,113929,113935,113938,113944,113949,113953,113956,113964,113973,113975,114003],[10,111987,1386,111989,18],{"id":111988},"python-setunion-method",[15,111990,108147],{},[20,111992,111993,111995],{},[15,111994,108147],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111997,111998],{},"It is useful when you want:",[138,112000,112001,112004,112009],{},[141,112002,112003],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[141,112005,2834,112006,112008],{},[4015,112007,100873],{}," as the result",[141,112010,112011],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[33,112013,36],{"id":35},[38,112015,112017],{"className":40,"code":112016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112018,112019,112039,112059,112063,112081,112091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112020,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112022,110805],{"class":53},[47,112024,58],{"class":57},[47,112026,10756],{"class":61},[47,112028,232],{"class":65},[47,112030,69],{"class":61},[47,112032,77],{"class":65},[47,112034,69],{"class":61},[47,112036,442],{"class":65},[47,112038,9573],{"class":61},[47,112040,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112042,110826],{"class":53},[47,112044,58],{"class":57},[47,112046,10756],{"class":61},[47,112048,66],{"class":65},[47,112050,69],{"class":61},[47,112052,402],{"class":65},[47,112054,69],{"class":61},[47,112056,241],{"class":65},[47,112058,9573],{"class":61},[47,112060,112061],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112062,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112064,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112066,1442],{"class":53},[47,112068,58],{"class":57},[47,112070,110855],{"class":53},[47,112072,89],{"class":61},[47,112074,111373],{"class":92},[47,112076,106],{"class":61},[47,112078,100698],{"class":92},[47,112080,216],{"class":61},[47,112082,112083,112085,112087,112089],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112084,103],{"class":102},[47,112086,106],{"class":61},[47,112088,1466],{"class":92},[47,112090,216],{"class":61},[47,112092,112093],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,112094,112095],{"class":114},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112097,112098,112100],{},[15,112099,102903],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[33,112102,128,112104,131],{"id":112103},"what-setunion-does",[15,112105,108147],{},[20,112107,112108,136],{},[15,112109,108147],{},[138,112111,112112,112115,112118,112120],{},[141,112113,112114],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[141,112116,112117],{},"keeps only unique values",[141,112119,110735],{},[141,112121,110744],{},[20,112123,112124],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112126,96428,112127,89],{},[252,112128,96432],{"href":97603},[33,112130,259],{"id":258},[38,112132,112134],{"className":40,"code":112133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112135,112136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112137,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112139,100689],{"class":53},[47,112141,89],{"class":61},[47,112143,111373],{"class":92},[47,112145,106],{"class":61},[47,112147,100698],{"class":92},[47,112149,69],{"class":61},[47,112151,100725],{"class":92},[47,112153,69],{"class":61},[47,112155,34721],{"class":102},[47,112157,216],{"class":61},[20,112159,13315],{},[138,112161,112162,112165,112168],{},[141,112163,112164],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[141,112166,112167],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[141,112169,112170],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112172,112173],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,112175,112177],{"className":40,"code":112176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112178,112179,112195,112211,112215,112233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112180,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112182,2834],{"class":53},[47,112184,58],{"class":57},[47,112186,10756],{"class":61},[47,112188,232],{"class":65},[47,112190,69],{"class":61},[47,112192,77],{"class":65},[47,112194,9573],{"class":61},[47,112196,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112198,2862],{"class":53},[47,112200,58],{"class":57},[47,112202,10756],{"class":61},[47,112204,2340],{"class":65},[47,112206,69],{"class":61},[47,112208,442],{"class":65},[47,112210,9573],{"class":61},[47,112212,112213],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112214,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112216,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112218,1442],{"class":53},[47,112220,58],{"class":57},[47,112222,57153],{"class":53},[47,112224,89],{"class":61},[47,112226,111373],{"class":92},[47,112228,106],{"class":61},[47,112230,5026],{"class":92},[47,112232,216],{"class":61},[47,112234,112235,112237,112239,112241],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112236,103],{"class":102},[47,112238,106],{"class":61},[47,112240,1466],{"class":92},[47,112242,216],{"class":61},[33,112244,22236],{"id":22235},[20,112246,112247,100870,112249,89],{},[15,112248,108147],{},[4015,112250,100873],{},[20,112252,112253],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[138,112255,112256,112259],{},[141,112257,112258],{},"the original set",[141,112260,112261,112262],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112263,102903],{},[20,112265,318],{},[38,112267,112269],{"className":40,"code":112268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112270,112271,112287,112303,112307,112325,112329,112342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112272,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112274,2834],{"class":53},[47,112276,58],{"class":57},[47,112278,10756],{"class":61},[47,112280,232],{"class":65},[47,112282,69],{"class":61},[47,112284,77],{"class":65},[47,112286,9573],{"class":61},[47,112288,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112290,2862],{"class":53},[47,112292,58],{"class":57},[47,112294,10756],{"class":61},[47,112296,2340],{"class":65},[47,112298,69],{"class":61},[47,112300,442],{"class":65},[47,112302,9573],{"class":61},[47,112304,112305],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112306,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112308,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112310,1442],{"class":53},[47,112312,58],{"class":57},[47,112314,57153],{"class":53},[47,112316,89],{"class":61},[47,112318,111373],{"class":92},[47,112320,106],{"class":61},[47,112322,5026],{"class":92},[47,112324,216],{"class":61},[47,112326,112327],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112328,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112330,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,112332,103],{"class":102},[47,112334,106],{"class":61},[47,112336,1466],{"class":92},[47,112338,111],{"class":61},[47,112340,112341],{"class":114},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112343,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,112345,103],{"class":102},[47,112347,106],{"class":61},[47,112349,252],{"class":92},[47,112351,111],{"class":61},[47,112353,112354],{"class":114},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112356,2568,112357,112359],{},[15,112358,252],{}," did not change.",[20,112361,110977],{},[138,112363,112364,112366],{},[141,112365,110982],{},[141,112367,112368],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112370,112371],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[33,112373,11739],{"id":11738},[20,112375,112376],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,112378,112380],{"className":40,"code":112379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112381,112382,112415,112448,112452,112472,112476,112486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112383,112384,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112385,112386],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112388,58],{"class":57},[47,112390,10756],{"class":61},[47,112392,633],{"class":632},[47,112394,647],{"class":636},[47,112396,633],{"class":632},[47,112398,69],{"class":61},[47,112400,644],{"class":632},[47,112402,637],{"class":636},[47,112404,633],{"class":632},[47,112406,69],{"class":61},[47,112408,644],{"class":632},[47,112410,33488],{"class":636},[47,112412,633],{"class":632},[47,112414,9573],{"class":61},[47,112416,112417,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112418,112419],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112421,58],{"class":57},[47,112423,10756],{"class":61},[47,112425,633],{"class":632},[47,112427,637],{"class":636},[47,112429,633],{"class":632},[47,112431,69],{"class":61},[47,112433,644],{"class":632},[47,112435,22799],{"class":636},[47,112437,633],{"class":632},[47,112439,69],{"class":61},[47,112441,644],{"class":632},[47,112443,33488],{"class":636},[47,112445,633],{"class":632},[47,112447,9573],{"class":61},[47,112449,112450],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112451,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112453,112454,112456,112458,112461,112463,112465,112467,112470],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112455,1442],{"class":53},[47,112457,58],{"class":57},[47,112459,112460],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112462,89],{"class":61},[47,112464,111373],{"class":92},[47,112466,106],{"class":61},[47,112468,112469],{"class":92},"fruits2",[47,112471,216],{"class":61},[47,112473,112474],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112475,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112477,112478,112480,112482,112484],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,112479,103],{"class":102},[47,112481,106],{"class":61},[47,112483,1466],{"class":92},[47,112485,216],{"class":61},[47,112487,112488,112490,112492,112495],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,112489,103],{"class":102},[47,112491,106],{"class":61},[47,112493,112494],{"class":92},"fruits1",[47,112496,216],{"class":61},[20,112498,30295],{},[38,112500,112502],{"className":40,"code":112501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112503,112504,112540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112505,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112507,9542],{"class":61},[47,112509,699],{"class":632},[47,112511,637],{"class":636},[47,112513,699],{"class":632},[47,112515,69],{"class":61},[47,112517,708],{"class":632},[47,112519,33488],{"class":636},[47,112521,699],{"class":632},[47,112523,69],{"class":61},[47,112525,708],{"class":632},[47,112527,647],{"class":636},[47,112529,699],{"class":632},[47,112531,69],{"class":61},[47,112533,708],{"class":632},[47,112535,22799],{"class":636},[47,112537,699],{"class":632},[47,112539,9573],{"class":61},[47,112541,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112543,9542],{"class":61},[47,112545,699],{"class":632},[47,112547,637],{"class":636},[47,112549,699],{"class":632},[47,112551,69],{"class":61},[47,112553,708],{"class":632},[47,112555,33488],{"class":636},[47,112557,699],{"class":632},[47,112559,69],{"class":61},[47,112561,708],{"class":632},[47,112563,647],{"class":636},[47,112565,699],{"class":632},[47,112567,9573],{"class":61},[20,112569,112570],{},"What this shows:",[138,112572,112573,112580,112583],{},[141,112574,112575,1233,112577,112579],{},[15,112576,65534],{},[15,112578,65961],{}," appear in both sets",[141,112581,112582],{},"they appear only once in the result",[141,112584,112585,112587],{},[15,112586,112494],{}," stays unchanged",[33,112589,8681,112591,101262],{"id":112590},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112592,102903],{},[20,112594,112595],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,112597,112599],{"className":40,"code":112598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112600,112601,112617,112633,112650,112667,112671,112698,112702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112602,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112604,110805],{"class":53},[47,112606,58],{"class":57},[47,112608,10756],{"class":61},[47,112610,232],{"class":65},[47,112612,69],{"class":61},[47,112614,77],{"class":65},[47,112616,9573],{"class":61},[47,112618,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112620,110826],{"class":53},[47,112622,58],{"class":57},[47,112624,10756],{"class":61},[47,112626,2340],{"class":65},[47,112628,69],{"class":61},[47,112630,442],{"class":65},[47,112632,9573],{"class":61},[47,112634,112635,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112636,112637],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112639,58],{"class":57},[47,112641,10756],{"class":61},[47,112643,66],{"class":65},[47,112645,69],{"class":61},[47,112647,402],{"class":65},[47,112649,9573],{"class":61},[47,112651,112652,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112653,112654],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112656,58],{"class":57},[47,112658,10756],{"class":61},[47,112660,334],{"class":65},[47,112662,69],{"class":61},[47,112664,241],{"class":65},[47,112666,9573],{"class":61},[47,112668,112669],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112670,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112672,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112696],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,112674,1442],{"class":53},[47,112676,58],{"class":57},[47,112678,110855],{"class":53},[47,112680,89],{"class":61},[47,112682,111373],{"class":92},[47,112684,106],{"class":61},[47,112686,100698],{"class":92},[47,112688,69],{"class":61},[47,112690,100725],{"class":92},[47,112692,69],{"class":61},[47,112694,112695],{"class":92}," set4",[47,112697,216],{"class":61},[47,112699,112700],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,112701,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112703,112704,112706,112708,112710],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,112705,103],{"class":102},[47,112707,106],{"class":61},[47,112709,1466],{"class":92},[47,112711,216],{"class":61},[20,112713,30295],{},[38,112715,112717],{"className":40,"code":112716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112718,112719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112722,9542],{"class":61},[47,112724,232],{"class":65},[47,112726,69],{"class":61},[47,112728,77],{"class":65},[47,112730,69],{"class":61},[47,112732,442],{"class":65},[47,112734,69],{"class":61},[47,112736,402],{"class":65},[47,112738,69],{"class":61},[47,112740,241],{"class":65},[47,112742,9573],{"class":61},[20,112744,112745],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[33,112747,8681,112749,112751],{"id":112748},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112750,102903],{}," with other iterables",[20,112753,112754,112756],{},[15,112755,102903],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1404,112758,112760],{"id":112759},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,112762,112764],{"className":40,"code":112763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112765,112766,112786,112810,112814,112832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112769,54],{"class":53},[47,112771,58],{"class":57},[47,112773,10756],{"class":61},[47,112775,232],{"class":65},[47,112777,69],{"class":61},[47,112779,77],{"class":65},[47,112781,69],{"class":61},[47,112783,442],{"class":65},[47,112785,9573],{"class":61},[47,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112789,61309],{"class":53},[47,112791,58],{"class":57},[47,112793,62],{"class":61},[47,112795,66],{"class":65},[47,112797,69],{"class":61},[47,112799,402],{"class":65},[47,112801,69],{"class":61},[47,112803,241],{"class":65},[47,112805,69],{"class":61},[47,112807,241],{"class":65},[47,112809,80],{"class":61},[47,112811,112812],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112813,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112815,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112817,1442],{"class":53},[47,112819,58],{"class":57},[47,112821,1447],{"class":53},[47,112823,89],{"class":61},[47,112825,111373],{"class":92},[47,112827,106],{"class":61},[47,112829,61338],{"class":92},[47,112831,216],{"class":61},[47,112833,112834,112836,112838,112840],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112835,103],{"class":102},[47,112837,106],{"class":61},[47,112839,1466],{"class":92},[47,112841,216],{"class":61},[20,112843,30295],{},[38,112845,112846],{"className":40,"code":112716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112847,112848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112849,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112851,9542],{"class":61},[47,112853,232],{"class":65},[47,112855,69],{"class":61},[47,112857,77],{"class":65},[47,112859,69],{"class":61},[47,112861,442],{"class":65},[47,112863,69],{"class":61},[47,112865,402],{"class":65},[47,112867,69],{"class":61},[47,112869,241],{"class":65},[47,112871,9573],{"class":61},[20,112873,21243,112874,112876],{},[15,112875,173],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1404,112878,112880],{"id":112879},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,112882,112884],{"className":40,"code":112883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112885,112886,112910,112943,112947,112966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112889,1639],{"class":53},[47,112891,58],{"class":57},[47,112893,10756],{"class":61},[47,112895,633],{"class":632},[47,112897,252],{"class":636},[47,112899,633],{"class":632},[47,112901,69],{"class":61},[47,112903,644],{"class":632},[47,112905,5026],{"class":636},[47,112907,633],{"class":632},[47,112909,9573],{"class":61},[47,112911,112912,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,112913,112914],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112916,58],{"class":57},[47,112918,9500],{"class":61},[47,112920,633],{"class":632},[47,112922,5026],{"class":636},[47,112924,633],{"class":632},[47,112926,69],{"class":61},[47,112928,644],{"class":632},[47,112930,10004],{"class":636},[47,112932,633],{"class":632},[47,112934,69],{"class":61},[47,112936,644],{"class":632},[47,112938,19032],{"class":636},[47,112940,633],{"class":632},[47,112942,216],{"class":61},[47,112944,112945],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,112946,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,112948,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112964],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,112950,1442],{"class":53},[47,112952,58],{"class":57},[47,112954,70355],{"class":53},[47,112956,89],{"class":61},[47,112958,111373],{"class":92},[47,112960,106],{"class":61},[47,112962,112963],{"class":92},"more_letters",[47,112965,216],{"class":61},[47,112967,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,112969,103],{"class":102},[47,112971,106],{"class":61},[47,112973,1466],{"class":92},[47,112975,216],{"class":61},[20,112977,30295],{},[38,112979,112981],{"className":40,"code":112980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112982,112983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112984,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112986,9542],{"class":61},[47,112988,699],{"class":632},[47,112990,252],{"class":636},[47,112992,699],{"class":632},[47,112994,69],{"class":61},[47,112996,708],{"class":632},[47,112998,5026],{"class":636},[47,113000,699],{"class":632},[47,113002,69],{"class":61},[47,113004,708],{"class":632},[47,113006,10004],{"class":636},[47,113008,699],{"class":632},[47,113010,69],{"class":61},[47,113012,708],{"class":632},[47,113014,19032],{"class":636},[47,113016,699],{"class":632},[47,113018,9573],{"class":61},[1404,113020,113022],{"id":113021},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113024,113025],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,113027,113029],{"className":40,"code":113028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113030,113031,113056,113079,113083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113032,113033,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113034,113035],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,113037,58],{"class":57},[47,113039,10756],{"class":61},[47,113041,633],{"class":632},[47,113043,252],{"class":636},[47,113045,633],{"class":632},[47,113047,69],{"class":61},[47,113049,644],{"class":632},[47,113051,5026],{"class":636},[47,113053,633],{"class":632},[47,113055,9573],{"class":61},[47,113057,113058,113060,113062,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113059,1442],{"class":53},[47,113061,58],{"class":57},[47,113063,113064],{"class":53}," chars",[47,113066,89],{"class":61},[47,113068,111373],{"class":92},[47,113070,106],{"class":61},[47,113072,633],{"class":632},[47,113074,37311],{"class":636},[47,113076,633],{"class":632},[47,113078,216],{"class":61},[47,113080,113081],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113082,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113084,113085,113087,113089,113091],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113086,103],{"class":102},[47,113088,106],{"class":61},[47,113090,1466],{"class":92},[47,113092,216],{"class":61},[20,113094,30295],{},[38,113096,113098],{"className":40,"code":113097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113099,113100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113103,9542],{"class":61},[47,113105,699],{"class":632},[47,113107,252],{"class":636},[47,113109,699],{"class":632},[47,113111,69],{"class":61},[47,113113,708],{"class":632},[47,113115,5026],{"class":636},[47,113117,699],{"class":632},[47,113119,69],{"class":61},[47,113121,708],{"class":632},[47,113123,10004],{"class":636},[47,113125,699],{"class":632},[47,113127,69],{"class":61},[47,113129,708],{"class":632},[47,113131,1730],{"class":636},[47,113133,699],{"class":632},[47,113135,9573],{"class":61},[20,113137,22455,113138,113141],{},[15,113139,113140],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[138,113143,113144,113148,113152],{},[141,113145,113146],{},[15,113147,66741],{},[141,113149,113150],{},[15,113151,18361],{},[141,113153,113154],{},[15,113155,113156],{},"\"t\"",[33,113158,113160,1225,113162],{"id":113159},"union-vs-update",[15,113161,102903],{},[15,113163,15218],{},[20,113165,113166,1233,113168,113170],{},[15,113167,102903],{},[15,113169,15218],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1404,113172,113173],{"id":111373},[15,113174,102903],{},[138,113176,113177,113179],{},[141,113178,110735],{},[141,113180,110744],{},[38,113182,113183],{"className":40,"code":112268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113184,113185,113201,113217,113221,113239,113243,113255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113186,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113188,2834],{"class":53},[47,113190,58],{"class":57},[47,113192,10756],{"class":61},[47,113194,232],{"class":65},[47,113196,69],{"class":61},[47,113198,77],{"class":65},[47,113200,9573],{"class":61},[47,113202,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113204,2862],{"class":53},[47,113206,58],{"class":57},[47,113208,10756],{"class":61},[47,113210,2340],{"class":65},[47,113212,69],{"class":61},[47,113214,442],{"class":65},[47,113216,9573],{"class":61},[47,113218,113219],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113220,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113222,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113224,1442],{"class":53},[47,113226,58],{"class":57},[47,113228,57153],{"class":53},[47,113230,89],{"class":61},[47,113232,111373],{"class":92},[47,113234,106],{"class":61},[47,113236,5026],{"class":92},[47,113238,216],{"class":61},[47,113240,113241],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,113242,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113244,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,113246,103],{"class":102},[47,113248,106],{"class":61},[47,113250,1466],{"class":92},[47,113252,111],{"class":61},[47,113254,112341],{"class":114},[47,113256,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,113258,103],{"class":102},[47,113260,106],{"class":61},[47,113262,252],{"class":92},[47,113264,111],{"class":61},[47,113266,112354],{"class":114},[1404,113268,113269],{"id":30730},[15,113270,15218],{},[138,113272,113273,113276],{},[141,113274,113275],{},"changes the existing set in place",[141,113277,113278],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,113280,113282],{"className":40,"code":113281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113283,113284,113300,113316,113320,113334,113338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113285,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113287,2834],{"class":53},[47,113289,58],{"class":57},[47,113291,10756],{"class":61},[47,113293,232],{"class":65},[47,113295,69],{"class":61},[47,113297,77],{"class":65},[47,113299,9573],{"class":61},[47,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113303,2862],{"class":53},[47,113305,58],{"class":57},[47,113307,10756],{"class":61},[47,113309,2340],{"class":65},[47,113311,69],{"class":61},[47,113313,442],{"class":65},[47,113315,9573],{"class":61},[47,113317,113318],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113319,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113321,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113323,252],{"class":53},[47,113325,89],{"class":61},[47,113327,30730],{"class":92},[47,113329,106],{"class":61},[47,113331,5026],{"class":92},[47,113333,216],{"class":61},[47,113335,113336],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,113337,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113339,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,113341,103],{"class":102},[47,113343,106],{"class":61},[47,113345,252],{"class":92},[47,113347,111],{"class":61},[47,113349,112341],{"class":114},[20,113351,118,113352,113354],{},[15,113353,102903],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113356,113357,113358,89],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[252,113359,1386,113360,11006],{"href":98623},[15,113361,97418],{},[33,113363,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,113365,8717,113367,113369],{"id":113366},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113368,102903],{}," to change the original set",[20,113371,81928],{},[38,113373,113375],{"className":40,"code":113374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113376,113377,113393,113409,113413,113427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113378,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113380,2834],{"class":53},[47,113382,58],{"class":57},[47,113384,10756],{"class":61},[47,113386,232],{"class":65},[47,113388,69],{"class":61},[47,113390,77],{"class":65},[47,113392,9573],{"class":61},[47,113394,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113396,2862],{"class":53},[47,113398,58],{"class":57},[47,113400,10756],{"class":61},[47,113402,2340],{"class":65},[47,113404,69],{"class":61},[47,113406,442],{"class":65},[47,113408,9573],{"class":61},[47,113410,113411],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113412,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113414,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113416,252],{"class":53},[47,113418,89],{"class":61},[47,113420,111373],{"class":92},[47,113422,106],{"class":61},[47,113424,5026],{"class":92},[47,113426,216],{"class":61},[47,113428,113429,113431,113433,113435],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,113430,103],{"class":102},[47,113432,106],{"class":61},[47,113434,252],{"class":92},[47,113436,216],{"class":61},[20,113438,219],{},[38,113440,113441],{"className":40,"code":100611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113442,113443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113444,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113446,9542],{"class":61},[47,113448,232],{"class":65},[47,113450,69],{"class":61},[47,113452,77],{"class":65},[47,113454,9573],{"class":61},[20,113456,8760,113457,113459],{},[15,113458,102903],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113461,113462],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,113464,113466],{"className":40,"code":113465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113467,113468,113484,113500,113504,113522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113469,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113471,2834],{"class":53},[47,113473,58],{"class":57},[47,113475,10756],{"class":61},[47,113477,232],{"class":65},[47,113479,69],{"class":61},[47,113481,77],{"class":65},[47,113483,9573],{"class":61},[47,113485,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113487,2862],{"class":53},[47,113489,58],{"class":57},[47,113491,10756],{"class":61},[47,113493,2340],{"class":65},[47,113495,69],{"class":61},[47,113497,442],{"class":65},[47,113499,9573],{"class":61},[47,113501,113502],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113503,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113505,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113507,2834],{"class":53},[47,113509,58],{"class":57},[47,113511,57153],{"class":53},[47,113513,89],{"class":61},[47,113515,111373],{"class":92},[47,113517,106],{"class":61},[47,113519,5026],{"class":92},[47,113521,216],{"class":61},[47,113523,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,113525,103],{"class":102},[47,113527,106],{"class":61},[47,113529,252],{"class":92},[47,113531,216],{"class":61},[1404,113533,113535],{"id":113534},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113537,113538],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,113540,113542],{"className":40,"code":113541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113543,113544,113560,113576,113580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113545,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113547,2834],{"class":53},[47,113549,58],{"class":57},[47,113551,10756],{"class":61},[47,113553,66],{"class":65},[47,113555,69],{"class":61},[47,113557,72],{"class":65},[47,113559,9573],{"class":61},[47,113561,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113563,2862],{"class":53},[47,113565,58],{"class":57},[47,113567,10756],{"class":61},[47,113569,2340],{"class":65},[47,113571,69],{"class":61},[47,113573,402],{"class":65},[47,113575,9573],{"class":61},[47,113577,113578],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113579,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,113581,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113583,103],{"class":102},[47,113585,106],{"class":61},[47,113587,252],{"class":92},[47,113589,89],{"class":61},[47,113591,111373],{"class":92},[47,113593,106],{"class":61},[47,113595,5026],{"class":92},[47,113597,1978],{"class":61},[20,113599,113600],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1404,113602,113604],{"id":113603},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,113606,113608],{"className":40,"code":113607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113609,113610,113626,113648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113611,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113613,625],{"class":53},[47,113615,58],{"class":57},[47,113617,10756],{"class":61},[47,113619,633],{"class":632},[47,113621,58392],{"class":636},[47,113623,633],{"class":632},[47,113625,9573],{"class":61},[47,113627,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113629,1442],{"class":53},[47,113631,58],{"class":57},[47,113633,6432],{"class":53},[47,113635,89],{"class":61},[47,113637,111373],{"class":92},[47,113639,106],{"class":61},[47,113641,633],{"class":632},[47,113643,37311],{"class":636},[47,113645,633],{"class":632},[47,113647,216],{"class":61},[47,113649,113650,113652,113654,113656],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113651,103],{"class":102},[47,113653,106],{"class":61},[47,113655,1466],{"class":92},[47,113657,216],{"class":61},[20,113659,113660,113661,2472,113663,17337,113665,113667,113668,113670],{},"This adds ",[15,113662,66741],{},[15,113664,18361],{},[15,113666,113156],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113669,113140],{}," as one item.",[20,113672,113673],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,113675,113677],{"className":40,"code":113676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113678,113679,113695,113717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113680,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113682,625],{"class":53},[47,113684,58],{"class":57},[47,113686,10756],{"class":61},[47,113688,633],{"class":632},[47,113690,58392],{"class":636},[47,113692,633],{"class":632},[47,113694,9573],{"class":61},[47,113696,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113698,1442],{"class":53},[47,113700,58],{"class":57},[47,113702,6432],{"class":53},[47,113704,89],{"class":61},[47,113706,111373],{"class":92},[47,113708,2015],{"class":61},[47,113710,633],{"class":632},[47,113712,37311],{"class":636},[47,113714,633],{"class":632},[47,113716,2040],{"class":61},[47,113718,113719,113721,113723,113725],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113720,103],{"class":102},[47,113722,106],{"class":61},[47,113724,1466],{"class":92},[47,113726,216],{"class":61},[1404,113728,113730],{"id":113729},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113732,3116],{},[38,113734,113736],{"className":40,"code":113735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113737,113738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113739,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113741,15893],{"class":53},[47,113743,58],{"class":57},[47,113745,10756],{"class":61},[47,113747,232],{"class":65},[47,113749,69],{"class":61},[47,113751,77],{"class":65},[47,113753,69],{"class":61},[47,113755,62],{"class":61},[47,113757,66],{"class":65},[47,113759,69],{"class":61},[47,113761,402],{"class":65},[47,113763,13970],{"class":61},[20,113765,113766],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113768,113769,113770,136],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113771,102903],{},[38,113773,113775],{"className":40,"code":113774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113776,113777,113793,113815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113778,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113780,15893],{"class":53},[47,113782,58],{"class":57},[47,113784,10756],{"class":61},[47,113786,232],{"class":65},[47,113788,69],{"class":61},[47,113790,77],{"class":65},[47,113792,9573],{"class":61},[47,113794,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113796,1442],{"class":53},[47,113798,58],{"class":57},[47,113800,97028],{"class":53},[47,113802,89],{"class":61},[47,113804,111373],{"class":92},[47,113806,2015],{"class":61},[47,113808,66],{"class":65},[47,113810,69],{"class":61},[47,113812,402],{"class":65},[47,113814,2040],{"class":61},[47,113816,113817,113819,113821,113823],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113818,103],{"class":102},[47,113820,106],{"class":61},[47,113822,1466],{"class":92},[47,113824,216],{"class":61},[33,113826,113828],{"id":113827},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113830,113831],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[138,113833,113834,113840,113847,113850],{},[141,113835,113836,113837,113839],{},"call ",[15,113838,102903],{}," without saving the returned set",[141,113841,113842,113843,8968,113845],{},"confuse ",[15,113844,102903],{},[15,113846,15218],{},[141,113848,113849],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[141,113851,113852],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113854,113855,113856,1233,113860,89],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[252,113857,1386,113858,11006],{"href":102892},[15,113859,106677],{},[252,113861,1386,113863,11006],{"href":113862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113864,100523],{},[20,113866,62557],{},[38,113868,113870],{"className":40,"code":113869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113871,113872,113882,113896,113906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113873,113874,113876,113878,113880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113875,103],{"class":102},[47,113877,106],{"class":61},[47,113879,15931],{"class":92},[47,113881,216],{"class":61},[47,113883,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892,113894],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,113885,103],{"class":102},[47,113887,106],{"class":61},[47,113889,1971],{"class":882},[47,113891,106],{"class":61},[47,113893,15931],{"class":92},[47,113895,1978],{"class":61},[47,113897,113898,113900,113902,113904],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,113899,103],{"class":102},[47,113901,106],{"class":61},[47,113903,1466],{"class":92},[47,113905,216],{"class":61},[47,113907,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,113909,32419],{"class":102},[47,113911,106],{"class":61},[47,113913,6551],{"class":882},[47,113915,89],{"class":61},[47,113917,111373],{"class":888},[47,113919,216],{"class":61},[33,113921,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,113923,2082,113925,102843],{"id":113924},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113926,108147],{},[20,113928,102846],{},[1404,113930,5436,113932,113934],{"id":113931},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113933,102903],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113936,113937],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1404,113939,28593,113941,113943],{"id":113940},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113942,102903],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113945,42418,113946,113948],{},[15,113947,102903],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1404,113950,113952],{"id":113951},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113954,113955],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1404,113957,2094,113959,1233,113961,2099],{"id":113958},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113960,102903],{},[15,113962,113963],{},"|",[20,113965,113966,113967,113969,113970,113972],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113968,113963],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113971,102903],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[33,113974,2187],{"id":2186},[138,113976,113977,113981,113987,113993,113999],{},[141,113978,113979],{},[252,113980,96432],{"href":97603},[141,113982,113983],{},[252,113984,1386,113985,11006],{"href":98623},[15,113986,97418],{},[141,113988,113989],{},[252,113990,1386,113991,11006],{"href":102892},[15,113992,106677],{},[141,113994,113995],{},[252,113996,1386,113997,11006],{"href":113862},[15,113998,100523],{},[141,114000,114001],{},[252,114002,100448],{"href":99181},[2210,114004,114005],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":114007},[114008,114009,114011,114012,114013,114014,114016,114022,114027,114034,114035,114046],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":112103,"depth":83,"text":114010},"What set.union() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":22235,"depth":83,"text":22236},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":112590,"depth":83,"text":114015},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112748,"depth":83,"text":114017,"children":114018},"Using union() with other iterables",[114019,114020,114021],{"id":112759,"depth":99,"text":112760},{"id":112879,"depth":99,"text":112880},{"id":113021,"depth":99,"text":113022},{"id":113159,"depth":83,"text":114023,"children":114024},"union() vs update()",[114025,114026],{"id":111373,"depth":99,"text":102903},{"id":30730,"depth":99,"text":15218},{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":114028},[114029,114031,114032,114033],{"id":113366,"depth":99,"text":114030},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113534,"depth":99,"text":113535},{"id":113603,"depth":99,"text":113604},{"id":113729,"depth":99,"text":113730},{"id":113827,"depth":83,"text":113828},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":114036},[114037,114039,114041,114043,114044],{"id":113924,"depth":99,"text":114038},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113931,"depth":99,"text":114040},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113940,"depth":99,"text":114042},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113951,"depth":99,"text":113952},{"id":113958,"depth":99,"text":114045},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111983,"description":114047},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114053,"title":114054,"body":114055,"description":115944,"extension":2248,"meta":115945,"navigation":203,"path":96917,"seo":115946,"stem":115947,"__hash__":115948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114056,"toc":115910},[114057,114062,114067,114075,114077,114135,114140,114145,114149,114161,114164,114238,114243,114245,114247,114266,114268,114285,114288,114315,114317,114387,114391,114393,114399,114401,114462,114467,114469,114526,114530,114535,114600,114602,114622,114629,114633,114638,114723,114726,114733,114836,114840,114845,114903,114906,114917,114931,114938,114996,115003,115006,115016,115020,115078,115082,115148,115151,115209,115216,115223,115226,115230,115239,115308,115312,115318,115406,115416,115420,115424,115428,115431,115492,115497,115554,115558,115560,115595,115602,115604,115658,115665,115669,115672,115737,115746,115752,115809,115811,115816,115820,115824,115827,115834,115842,115846,115851,115855,115861,115863,115898,115907],[10,114058,96304,114060,18],{"id":114059},"python-set-update-method",[15,114061,15218],{},[20,114063,114064,114066],{},[15,114065,97418],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114068,114069,114070,114074],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[252,114071,114072],{"href":98604},[15,114073,96312],{},", which adds only one item.",[33,114076,3884],{"id":3883},[38,114078,114080],{"className":40,"code":114079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114081,114082,114098,114120,114130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114083,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114085,54],{"class":53},[47,114087,58],{"class":57},[47,114089,10756],{"class":61},[47,114091,232],{"class":65},[47,114093,69],{"class":61},[47,114095,77],{"class":65},[47,114097,9573],{"class":61},[47,114099,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114101,86],{"class":53},[47,114103,89],{"class":61},[47,114105,30730],{"class":92},[47,114107,2015],{"class":61},[47,114109,2340],{"class":65},[47,114111,69],{"class":61},[47,114113,442],{"class":65},[47,114115,69],{"class":61},[47,114117,402],{"class":65},[47,114119,2040],{"class":61},[47,114121,114122,114124,114126,114128],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114123,103],{"class":102},[47,114125,106],{"class":61},[47,114127,86],{"class":92},[47,114129,216],{"class":61},[47,114131,114132],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114133,114134],{"class":114},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114136,118,114137,114139],{},[15,114138,15218],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[33,114141,128,114143,131],{"id":114142},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114144,97418],{},[20,114146,114147,136],{},[15,114148,97418],{},[138,114150,114151,114154,114156,114159],{},[141,114152,114153],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[141,114155,96419],{},[141,114157,114158],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[141,114160,96422],{},[20,114162,114163],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,114165,114167],{"className":40,"code":114166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114168,114169,114193,114219,114223,114233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114170,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114172,13339],{"class":53},[47,114174,58],{"class":57},[47,114176,10756],{"class":61},[47,114178,633],{"class":632},[47,114180,13356],{"class":636},[47,114182,633],{"class":632},[47,114184,69],{"class":61},[47,114186,644],{"class":632},[47,114188,13373],{"class":636},[47,114190,633],{"class":632},[47,114192,9573],{"class":61},[47,114194,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114196,17768],{"class":53},[47,114198,89],{"class":61},[47,114200,30730],{"class":92},[47,114202,2015],{"class":61},[47,114204,633],{"class":632},[47,114206,13373],{"class":636},[47,114208,633],{"class":632},[47,114210,69],{"class":61},[47,114212,644],{"class":632},[47,114214,17721],{"class":636},[47,114216,633],{"class":632},[47,114218,2040],{"class":61},[47,114220,114221],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114222,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114226,103],{"class":102},[47,114228,106],{"class":61},[47,114230,17768],{"class":92},[47,114232,216],{"class":61},[47,114234,114235],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114236,114237],{"class":114},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114239,21243,114240,114242],{},[15,114241,111138],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[33,114244,259],{"id":258},[20,114246,7482],{},[38,114248,114250],{"className":40,"code":114249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114251,114252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114253,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114255,15931],{"class":53},[47,114257,89],{"class":61},[47,114259,30730],{"class":92},[47,114261,106],{"class":61},[47,114263,3992],{"class":92},[47,114265,216],{"class":61},[20,114267,80304],{},[138,114269,114270,114273,114276,114279,114282],{},[141,114271,114272],{},"A list",[141,114274,114275],{},"A tuple",[141,114277,114278],{},"Another set",[141,114280,114281],{},"A string",[141,114283,114284],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114286,114287],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,114289,114291],{"className":40,"code":114290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114292,114293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114294,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114296,15931],{"class":53},[47,114298,89],{"class":61},[47,114300,30730],{"class":92},[47,114302,106],{"class":61},[47,114304,252],{"class":92},[47,114306,69],{"class":61},[47,114308,2839],{"class":92},[47,114310,69],{"class":61},[47,114312,9946],{"class":92},[47,114314,216],{"class":61},[20,114316,318],{},[38,114318,114320],{"className":40,"code":114319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114321,114322,114334,114368,114372,114382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114323,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114325,4095],{"class":53},[47,114327,58],{"class":57},[47,114329,10756],{"class":61},[47,114331,232],{"class":65},[47,114333,9573],{"class":61},[47,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114337,5625],{"class":53},[47,114339,89],{"class":61},[47,114341,30730],{"class":92},[47,114343,2015],{"class":61},[47,114345,2340],{"class":65},[47,114347,69],{"class":61},[47,114349,442],{"class":65},[47,114351,18327],{"class":61},[47,114353,9500],{"class":61},[47,114355,334],{"class":65},[47,114357,69],{"class":61},[47,114359,241],{"class":65},[47,114361,9497],{"class":61},[47,114363,10756],{"class":61},[47,114365,80695],{"class":65},[47,114367,30762],{"class":61},[47,114369,114370],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114371,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114373,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114375,103],{"class":102},[47,114377,106],{"class":61},[47,114379,5625],{"class":92},[47,114381,216],{"class":61},[47,114383,114384],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114385,114386],{"class":114},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114388,96428,114389,89],{},[252,114390,96436],{"href":97987},[33,114392,22236],{"id":22235},[20,114394,114395,2057,114397,89],{},[15,114396,97418],{},[15,114398,124],{},[20,114400,11979],{},[38,114402,114404],{"className":40,"code":114403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114405,114406,114422,114444,114448,114458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114409,54],{"class":53},[47,114411,58],{"class":57},[47,114413,10756],{"class":61},[47,114415,232],{"class":65},[47,114417,69],{"class":61},[47,114419,77],{"class":65},[47,114421,9573],{"class":61},[47,114423,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114425,1442],{"class":53},[47,114427,58],{"class":57},[47,114429,1447],{"class":53},[47,114431,89],{"class":61},[47,114433,30730],{"class":92},[47,114435,2015],{"class":61},[47,114437,66],{"class":65},[47,114439,69],{"class":61},[47,114441,402],{"class":65},[47,114443,2040],{"class":61},[47,114445,114446],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114447,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114449,114450,114452,114454,114456],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114451,103],{"class":102},[47,114453,106],{"class":61},[47,114455,1466],{"class":92},[47,114457,216],{"class":61},[47,114459,114460],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114461,62093],{"class":114},[20,114463,114464,114465,89],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114466,1466],{},[20,114468,19233],{},[38,114470,114472],{"className":40,"code":114471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114473,114474,114490,114508,114512,114522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114475,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114477,54],{"class":53},[47,114479,58],{"class":57},[47,114481,10756],{"class":61},[47,114483,232],{"class":65},[47,114485,69],{"class":61},[47,114487,77],{"class":65},[47,114489,9573],{"class":61},[47,114491,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114493,86],{"class":53},[47,114495,89],{"class":61},[47,114497,30730],{"class":92},[47,114499,2015],{"class":61},[47,114501,66],{"class":65},[47,114503,69],{"class":61},[47,114505,402],{"class":65},[47,114507,2040],{"class":61},[47,114509,114510],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114511,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114513,114514,114516,114518,114520],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114515,103],{"class":102},[47,114517,106],{"class":61},[47,114519,86],{"class":92},[47,114521,216],{"class":61},[47,114523,114524],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114525,114134],{"class":114},[33,114527,114529],{"id":114528},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114531,114532,114533,89],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114534,15218],{},[38,114536,114538],{"className":40,"code":114537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114539,114540,114556,114582,114586,114596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114541,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114543,54],{"class":53},[47,114545,58],{"class":57},[47,114547,10756],{"class":61},[47,114549,232],{"class":65},[47,114551,69],{"class":61},[47,114553,77],{"class":65},[47,114555,9573],{"class":61},[47,114557,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114559,86],{"class":53},[47,114561,89],{"class":61},[47,114563,30730],{"class":92},[47,114565,2015],{"class":61},[47,114567,2340],{"class":65},[47,114569,69],{"class":61},[47,114571,442],{"class":65},[47,114573,69],{"class":61},[47,114575,402],{"class":65},[47,114577,69],{"class":61},[47,114579,402],{"class":65},[47,114581,2040],{"class":61},[47,114583,114584],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114585,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114587,114588,114590,114592,114594],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114589,103],{"class":102},[47,114591,106],{"class":61},[47,114593,86],{"class":92},[47,114595,216],{"class":61},[47,114597,114598],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114599,114134],{"class":114},[20,114601,11948],{},[138,114603,114604,114609,114616],{},[141,114605,114606,114608],{},[15,114607,2340],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[141,114610,114611,1233,114613,114615],{},[15,114612,66],{},[15,114614,334],{}," are added",[141,114617,114618,114619,114621],{},"The second ",[15,114620,334],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114623,114624,114625,114628],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[252,114626,114627],{"href":99181},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[33,114630,114632],{"id":114631},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114634,8027,114635,114637],{},[15,114636,15218],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,114639,114641],{"className":40,"code":114640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114642,114643,114664,114685,114689,114705,114709,114719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114644,114645,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114646,114647],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114649,58],{"class":57},[47,114651,10756],{"class":61},[47,114653,232],{"class":65},[47,114655,69],{"class":61},[47,114657,77],{"class":65},[47,114659,69],{"class":61},[47,114661,442],{"class":65},[47,114663,9573],{"class":61},[47,114665,114666,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114667,114668],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114670,58],{"class":57},[47,114672,10756],{"class":61},[47,114674,66],{"class":65},[47,114676,69],{"class":61},[47,114678,402],{"class":65},[47,114680,69],{"class":61},[47,114682,241],{"class":65},[47,114684,9573],{"class":61},[47,114686,114687],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114688,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114690,114691,114694,114696,114698,114700,114703],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114692,114693],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,114695,89],{"class":61},[47,114697,30730],{"class":92},[47,114699,106],{"class":61},[47,114701,114702],{"class":92},"set_b",[47,114704,216],{"class":61},[47,114706,114707],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114708,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114710,114711,114713,114715,114717],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,114712,103],{"class":102},[47,114714,106],{"class":61},[47,114716,114693],{"class":92},[47,114718,216],{"class":61},[47,114720,114721],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,114722,112095],{"class":114},[20,114724,114725],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114727,114728,114729,89],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[252,114730,114731],{"href":102900},[15,114732,108147],{},[38,114734,114736],{"className":40,"code":114735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114737,114738,114758,114778,114782,114802,114806,114817,114821,114831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114739,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114741,114647],{"class":53},[47,114743,58],{"class":57},[47,114745,10756],{"class":61},[47,114747,232],{"class":65},[47,114749,69],{"class":61},[47,114751,77],{"class":65},[47,114753,69],{"class":61},[47,114755,442],{"class":65},[47,114757,9573],{"class":61},[47,114759,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114761,114668],{"class":53},[47,114763,58],{"class":57},[47,114765,10756],{"class":61},[47,114767,66],{"class":65},[47,114769,69],{"class":61},[47,114771,402],{"class":65},[47,114773,69],{"class":61},[47,114775,241],{"class":65},[47,114777,9573],{"class":61},[47,114779,114780],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114781,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114783,114784,114787,114789,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114785,114786],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114788,58],{"class":57},[47,114790,114791],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114793,89],{"class":61},[47,114795,111373],{"class":92},[47,114797,106],{"class":61},[47,114799,114702],{"class":92},[47,114801,216],{"class":61},[47,114803,114804],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114805,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114807,114808,114810,114812,114815],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,114809,103],{"class":102},[47,114811,106],{"class":61},[47,114813,114814],{"class":92},"combined",[47,114816,216],{"class":61},[47,114818,114819],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,114820,112095],{"class":114},[47,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,114824,103],{"class":102},[47,114826,106],{"class":61},[47,114828,114693],{"class":92},[47,114830,216],{"class":61},[47,114832,114833],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,114834,114835],{"class":114},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114837,114839],{"id":114838},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114841,64999,114842,114844],{},[15,114843,15218],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,114846,114848],{"className":40,"code":114847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114849,114850,114866,114884,114888,114898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114851,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114853,1639],{"class":53},[47,114855,58],{"class":57},[47,114857,10756],{"class":61},[47,114859,633],{"class":632},[47,114861,2456],{"class":636},[47,114863,633],{"class":632},[47,114865,9573],{"class":61},[47,114867,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114869,1659],{"class":53},[47,114871,89],{"class":61},[47,114873,30730],{"class":92},[47,114875,106],{"class":61},[47,114877,633],{"class":632},[47,114879,37311],{"class":636},[47,114881,633],{"class":632},[47,114883,216],{"class":61},[47,114885,114886],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114887,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114889,114890,114892,114894,114896],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114891,103],{"class":102},[47,114893,106],{"class":61},[47,114895,1659],{"class":92},[47,114897,216],{"class":61},[47,114899,114900],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114901,114902],{"class":114},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114904,114905],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114907,114908,14318,114911,114913,114914,114916],{},[15,114909,114910],{},"update(\"cat\")",[4015,114912,4896],{}," add ",[15,114915,113140],{}," as one item. It adds:",[138,114918,114919,114923,114927],{},[141,114920,114921],{},[15,114922,66741],{},[141,114924,114925],{},[15,114926,18361],{},[141,114928,114929],{},[15,114930,113156],{},[20,114932,114933,114934,136],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[252,114935,114936],{"href":98604},[15,114937,96312],{},[38,114939,114941],{"className":40,"code":114940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114942,114943,114959,114977,114981,114991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114944,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114946,625],{"class":53},[47,114948,58],{"class":57},[47,114950,10756],{"class":61},[47,114952,633],{"class":632},[47,114954,58392],{"class":636},[47,114956,633],{"class":632},[47,114958,9573],{"class":61},[47,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,114962,665],{"class":53},[47,114964,89],{"class":61},[47,114966,82207],{"class":92},[47,114968,106],{"class":61},[47,114970,633],{"class":632},[47,114972,37311],{"class":636},[47,114974,633],{"class":632},[47,114976,216],{"class":61},[47,114978,114979],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,114980,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,114982,114983,114985,114987,114989],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,114984,103],{"class":102},[47,114986,106],{"class":61},[47,114988,665],{"class":92},[47,114990,216],{"class":61},[47,114992,114993],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,114994,114995],{"class":114},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,114997,114999,1225,115001],{"id":114998},"update-vs-add",[15,115000,15218],{},[15,115002,96307],{},[20,115004,115005],{},"The difference is simple:",[138,115007,115008,115012],{},[141,115009,115010,96906],{},[15,115011,96307],{},[141,115013,115014,96911],{},[15,115015,15218],{},[20,115017,46308,115018,136],{},[15,115019,96307],{},[38,115021,115023],{"className":40,"code":115022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115024,115025,115041,115059,115063,115073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115026,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115028,36504],{"class":53},[47,115030,58],{"class":57},[47,115032,10756],{"class":61},[47,115034,633],{"class":632},[47,115036,647],{"class":636},[47,115038,633],{"class":632},[47,115040,9573],{"class":61},[47,115042,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115044,36556],{"class":53},[47,115046,89],{"class":61},[47,115048,82207],{"class":92},[47,115050,106],{"class":61},[47,115052,633],{"class":632},[47,115054,637],{"class":636},[47,115056,633],{"class":632},[47,115058,216],{"class":61},[47,115060,115061],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115062,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115064,115065,115067,115069,115071],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115066,103],{"class":102},[47,115068,106],{"class":61},[47,115070,36556],{"class":92},[47,115072,216],{"class":61},[47,115074,115075],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115076,115077],{"class":114},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115079,46308,115080,136],{},[15,115081,15218],{},[38,115083,115085],{"className":40,"code":115084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115086,115087,115103,115129,115133,115143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115088,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115090,36504],{"class":53},[47,115092,58],{"class":57},[47,115094,10756],{"class":61},[47,115096,633],{"class":632},[47,115098,647],{"class":636},[47,115100,633],{"class":632},[47,115102,9573],{"class":61},[47,115104,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115106,36556],{"class":53},[47,115108,89],{"class":61},[47,115110,30730],{"class":92},[47,115112,2015],{"class":61},[47,115114,633],{"class":632},[47,115116,637],{"class":636},[47,115118,633],{"class":632},[47,115120,69],{"class":61},[47,115122,644],{"class":632},[47,115124,33488],{"class":636},[47,115126,633],{"class":632},[47,115128,2040],{"class":61},[47,115130,115131],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115132,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115134,115135,115137,115139,115141],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115136,103],{"class":102},[47,115138,106],{"class":61},[47,115140,36556],{"class":92},[47,115142,216],{"class":61},[47,115144,115145],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115146,115147],{"class":114},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115149,115150],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,115152,115154],{"className":40,"code":115153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115155,115156,115172,115190,115194,115204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115157,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115159,36504],{"class":53},[47,115161,58],{"class":57},[47,115163,10756],{"class":61},[47,115165,633],{"class":632},[47,115167,647],{"class":636},[47,115169,633],{"class":632},[47,115171,9573],{"class":61},[47,115173,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184,115186,115188],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115175,36556],{"class":53},[47,115177,89],{"class":61},[47,115179,30730],{"class":92},[47,115181,106],{"class":61},[47,115183,633],{"class":632},[47,115185,38606],{"class":636},[47,115187,633],{"class":632},[47,115189,216],{"class":61},[47,115191,115192],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115193,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115195,115196,115198,115200,115202],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115197,103],{"class":102},[47,115199,106],{"class":61},[47,115201,36556],{"class":92},[47,115203,216],{"class":61},[47,115205,115206],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115207,115208],{"class":114},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115210,62368,115211,62441,115214,1519],{},[15,115212,115213],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115215,96307],{},[33,115217,115219,1225,115221],{"id":115218},"update-vs-union",[15,115220,15218],{},[15,115222,102903],{},[20,115224,115225],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1404,115227,115228],{"id":30730},[15,115229,15218],{},[138,115231,115232,115235],{},[141,115233,115234],{},"Changes the existing set",[141,115236,149,115237],{},[15,115238,124],{},[38,115240,115242],{"className":40,"code":115241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115243,115244,115260,115276,115280,115294,115304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115245,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115247,2834],{"class":53},[47,115249,58],{"class":57},[47,115251,10756],{"class":61},[47,115253,232],{"class":65},[47,115255,69],{"class":61},[47,115257,77],{"class":65},[47,115259,9573],{"class":61},[47,115261,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115263,2862],{"class":53},[47,115265,58],{"class":57},[47,115267,10756],{"class":61},[47,115269,2340],{"class":65},[47,115271,69],{"class":61},[47,115273,442],{"class":65},[47,115275,9573],{"class":61},[47,115277,115278],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115279,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115281,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290,115292],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115283,252],{"class":53},[47,115285,89],{"class":61},[47,115287,30730],{"class":92},[47,115289,106],{"class":61},[47,115291,5026],{"class":92},[47,115293,216],{"class":61},[47,115295,115296,115298,115300,115302],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115297,103],{"class":102},[47,115299,106],{"class":61},[47,115301,252],{"class":92},[47,115303,216],{"class":61},[47,115305,115306],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,115307,114835],{"class":114},[1404,115309,115310],{"id":111373},[15,115311,102903],{},[138,115313,115314,115316],{},[141,115315,101441],{},[141,115317,101444],{},[38,115319,115321],{"className":40,"code":115320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115322,115323,115339,115355,115359,115377,115387,115391,115401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115324,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115326,2834],{"class":53},[47,115328,58],{"class":57},[47,115330,10756],{"class":61},[47,115332,232],{"class":65},[47,115334,69],{"class":61},[47,115336,77],{"class":65},[47,115338,9573],{"class":61},[47,115340,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115342,2862],{"class":53},[47,115344,58],{"class":57},[47,115346,10756],{"class":61},[47,115348,2340],{"class":65},[47,115350,69],{"class":61},[47,115352,442],{"class":65},[47,115354,9573],{"class":61},[47,115356,115357],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115358,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115362,83287],{"class":53},[47,115364,58],{"class":57},[47,115366,57153],{"class":53},[47,115368,89],{"class":61},[47,115370,111373],{"class":92},[47,115372,106],{"class":61},[47,115374,5026],{"class":92},[47,115376,216],{"class":61},[47,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115380,103],{"class":102},[47,115382,106],{"class":61},[47,115384,10004],{"class":92},[47,115386,216],{"class":61},[47,115388,115389],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,115390,114835],{"class":114},[47,115392,115393,115395,115397,115399],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,115394,103],{"class":102},[47,115396,106],{"class":61},[47,115398,252],{"class":92},[47,115400,216],{"class":61},[47,115402,115403],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,115404,115405],{"class":114},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115407,107789,115408,115410,115411,115415],{},[15,115409,15218],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[252,115412,115413],{"href":102900},[15,115414,102903],{}," when you want a new set.",[33,115417,115419],{"id":115418},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115421,11013,115422,89],{},[15,115423,97418],{},[1404,115425,115427],{"id":115426},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115429,115430],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,115432,115434],{"className":40,"code":115433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115435,115436,115452,115474,115478,115488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115437,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115439,15893],{"class":53},[47,115441,58],{"class":57},[47,115443,10756],{"class":61},[47,115445,232],{"class":65},[47,115447,69],{"class":61},[47,115449,77],{"class":65},[47,115451,9573],{"class":61},[47,115453,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115455,1442],{"class":53},[47,115457,58],{"class":57},[47,115459,97028],{"class":53},[47,115461,89],{"class":61},[47,115463,30730],{"class":92},[47,115465,2015],{"class":61},[47,115467,66],{"class":65},[47,115469,69],{"class":61},[47,115471,402],{"class":65},[47,115473,2040],{"class":61},[47,115475,115476],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115477,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115481,103],{"class":102},[47,115483,106],{"class":61},[47,115485,1466],{"class":92},[47,115487,216],{"class":61},[47,115489,115490],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115491,62093],{"class":114},[20,115493,115494,115495,136],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115496,15218],{},[38,115498,115500],{"className":40,"code":115499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115501,115502,115518,115536,115540,115550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115503,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115505,15893],{"class":53},[47,115507,58],{"class":57},[47,115509,10756],{"class":61},[47,115511,232],{"class":65},[47,115513,69],{"class":61},[47,115515,77],{"class":65},[47,115517,9573],{"class":61},[47,115519,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115521,15931],{"class":53},[47,115523,89],{"class":61},[47,115525,30730],{"class":92},[47,115527,2015],{"class":61},[47,115529,66],{"class":65},[47,115531,69],{"class":61},[47,115533,402],{"class":65},[47,115535,2040],{"class":61},[47,115537,115538],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115539,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115541,115542,115544,115546,115548],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115543,103],{"class":102},[47,115545,106],{"class":61},[47,115547,15931],{"class":92},[47,115549,216],{"class":61},[47,115551,115552],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115553,114134],{"class":114},[1404,115555,115557],{"id":115556},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115559,3116],{},[38,115561,115563],{"className":40,"code":115562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115564,115565,115581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115566,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115568,15893],{"class":53},[47,115570,58],{"class":57},[47,115572,10756],{"class":61},[47,115574,232],{"class":65},[47,115576,69],{"class":61},[47,115578,77],{"class":65},[47,115580,9573],{"class":61},[47,115582,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115584,15931],{"class":53},[47,115586,89],{"class":61},[47,115588,30730],{"class":92},[47,115590,106],{"class":61},[47,115592,173],{"class":65},[47,115594,216],{"class":61},[20,115596,62547,115597,8866,115599,115601],{},[15,115598,1574],{},[15,115600,173],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115603,6819],{},[38,115605,115607],{"className":40,"code":115606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115608,115609,115625,115639,115643,115653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115610,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115612,15893],{"class":53},[47,115614,58],{"class":57},[47,115616,10756],{"class":61},[47,115618,232],{"class":65},[47,115620,69],{"class":61},[47,115622,77],{"class":65},[47,115624,9573],{"class":61},[47,115626,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115628,15931],{"class":53},[47,115630,89],{"class":61},[47,115632,30730],{"class":92},[47,115634,2015],{"class":61},[47,115636,173],{"class":65},[47,115638,2040],{"class":61},[47,115640,115641],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115642,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115644,115645,115647,115649,115651],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115646,103],{"class":102},[47,115648,106],{"class":61},[47,115650,15931],{"class":92},[47,115652,216],{"class":61},[47,115654,115655],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115656,115657],{"class":114},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115659,46181,115660,89],{},[252,115661,25944,115662],{"href":52869},[15,115663,115664],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1404,115666,115668],{"id":115667},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115670,115671],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,115673,115675],{"className":40,"code":115674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115676,115677,115693,115719,115723,115733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115678,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115680,15893],{"class":53},[47,115682,58],{"class":57},[47,115684,10756],{"class":61},[47,115686,232],{"class":65},[47,115688,69],{"class":61},[47,115690,77],{"class":65},[47,115692,9573],{"class":61},[47,115694,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715,115717],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115696,15931],{"class":53},[47,115698,89],{"class":61},[47,115700,30730],{"class":92},[47,115702,2015],{"class":61},[47,115704,2340],{"class":65},[47,115706,69],{"class":61},[47,115708,77],{"class":65},[47,115710,69],{"class":61},[47,115712,77],{"class":65},[47,115714,69],{"class":61},[47,115716,442],{"class":65},[47,115718,2040],{"class":61},[47,115720,115721],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115722,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115724,115725,115727,115729,115731],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115726,103],{"class":102},[47,115728,106],{"class":61},[47,115730,15931],{"class":92},[47,115732,216],{"class":61},[47,115734,115735],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115736,114835],{"class":114},[1404,115738,115740,115741,44897,115743,115745],{"id":115739},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115742,15218],{},[15,115744,96307],{}," is better",[20,115747,115748,115749,115751],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115750,96307],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,115753,115755],{"className":40,"code":115754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115756,115757,115773,115791,115795,115805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115760,15893],{"class":53},[47,115762,58],{"class":57},[47,115764,10756],{"class":61},[47,115766,633],{"class":632},[47,115768,58392],{"class":636},[47,115770,633],{"class":632},[47,115772,9573],{"class":61},[47,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,115776,15931],{"class":53},[47,115778,89],{"class":61},[47,115780,82207],{"class":92},[47,115782,106],{"class":61},[47,115784,633],{"class":632},[47,115786,37311],{"class":636},[47,115788,633],{"class":632},[47,115790,216],{"class":61},[47,115792,115793],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,115794,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,115796,115797,115799,115801,115803],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,115798,103],{"class":102},[47,115800,106],{"class":61},[47,115802,15931],{"class":92},[47,115804,216],{"class":61},[47,115806,115807],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,115808,114995],{"class":114},[33,115810,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,115812,2082,115814,97397],{"id":115813},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115815,97418],{},[20,115817,97400,115818,89],{},[15,115819,124],{},[1404,115821,28593,115822,32493],{"id":32490},[15,115823,15218],{},[20,115825,115826],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1404,115828,2094,115830,1233,115832,2099],{"id":115829},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115831,96307],{},[15,115833,15218],{},[20,115835,115836,115838,115839,115841],{},[15,115837,96307],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115840,15218],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1404,115843,115845],{"id":115844},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115847,115848,115849,114844],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115850,15218],{},[1404,115852,115854],{"id":115853},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115856,118,115857,11358,115859,89],{},[15,115858,102903],{},[15,115860,15218],{},[33,115862,2187],{"id":2186},[138,115864,115865,115872,115879,115885,115891],{},[141,115866,115867],{},[252,115868,115869],{"href":98604},[15,115870,115871],{},"Python set add() method",[141,115873,115874],{},[252,115875,115876],{"href":102900},[15,115877,115878],{},"Python set union() method",[141,115880,115881],{},[252,115882,115883],{"href":97987},[15,115884,97442],{},[141,115886,115887],{},[252,115888,115889],{"href":99181},[15,115890,100448],{},[141,115892,115893],{},[252,115894,115895,115897],{"href":52869},[15,115896,115664],{}," fix",[20,115899,115900,115901,115903,115904,115906],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115902,96312],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115905,108147],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2210,115908,115909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":115911},[115912,115913,115915,115916,115917,115918,115919,115920,115922,115927,115934,115943],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":114142,"depth":83,"text":115914},"What set.update() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":22235,"depth":83,"text":22236},{"id":114528,"depth":83,"text":114529},{"id":114631,"depth":83,"text":114632},{"id":114838,"depth":83,"text":114839},{"id":114998,"depth":83,"text":115921},"update() vs add()",{"id":115218,"depth":83,"text":115923,"children":115924},"update() vs union()",[115925,115926],{"id":30730,"depth":99,"text":15218},{"id":111373,"depth":99,"text":102903},{"id":115418,"depth":83,"text":115419,"children":115928},[115929,115930,115931,115932],{"id":115426,"depth":99,"text":115427},{"id":115556,"depth":99,"text":115557},{"id":115667,"depth":99,"text":115668},{"id":115739,"depth":99,"text":115933},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":115935},[115936,115938,115939,115941,115942],{"id":115813,"depth":99,"text":115937},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32490,"depth":99,"text":32563},{"id":115829,"depth":99,"text":115940},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115844,"depth":99,"text":115845},{"id":115853,"depth":99,"text":115854},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114054,"description":115944},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115950,"title":115951,"body":115952,"description":117718,"extension":2248,"meta":117719,"navigation":203,"path":14054,"seo":117720,"stem":117721,"__hash__":117722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115953,"toc":117693},[115954,115957,115960,115963,115974,115982,115985,115987,116136,116148,116152,116169,116173,116181,116183,116194,116196,116293,116299,116302,116398,116407,116412,116416,116421,116423,116433,116435,116544,116552,116556,116559,116562,116579,116585,116665,116668,116672,116675,116679,116682,116741,116744,116748,116751,116843,116847,116850,116957,116961,116967,116995,116997,117079,117089,117093,117096,117107,117110,117195,117198,117203,117207,117210,117221,117224,117366,117369,117373,117376,117390,117393,117454,117460,117462,117465,117487,117490,117590,117593,117625,117627,117631,117634,117636,117639,117643,117646,117650,117653,117657,117660,117662,117690],[10,115955,115951],{"id":115956},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115958,115959],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115961,115962],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[138,115964,115965,115968,115971],{},[141,115966,115967],{},"a list inside another list",[141,115969,115970],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[141,115972,115973],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115975,100370,115976,1233,115978,115981],{},[4015,115977,13113],{},[4015,115979,115980],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115983,115984],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[33,115986,36],{"id":35},[38,115988,115990],{"className":40,"code":115989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115991,115992,115999,116003,116029,116049,116069,116073,116091,116095,116108,116122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115993,115994,115996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115995,35356],{"class":2027},[47,115997,115998],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,116000,116001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116002,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116004,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116006,12349],{"class":53},[47,116008,58],{"class":57},[47,116010,56559],{"class":61},[47,116012,232],{"class":65},[47,116014,69],{"class":61},[47,116016,77],{"class":65},[47,116018,18327],{"class":61},[47,116020,62],{"class":61},[47,116022,66],{"class":65},[47,116024,69],{"class":61},[47,116026,402],{"class":65},[47,116028,53512],{"class":61},[47,116030,116031,116034,116036,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116032,116033],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,116035,58],{"class":57},[47,116037,116038],{"class":53}," copy",[47,116040,89],{"class":61},[47,116042,13174],{"class":92},[47,116044,106],{"class":61},[47,116046,12396],{"class":92},[47,116048,216],{"class":61},[47,116050,116051,116054,116056,116058,116060,116063,116065,116067],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116052,116053],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,116055,58],{"class":57},[47,116057,116038],{"class":53},[47,116059,89],{"class":61},[47,116061,116062],{"class":92},"deepcopy",[47,116064,106],{"class":61},[47,116066,12396],{"class":92},[47,116068,216],{"class":61},[47,116070,116071],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116072,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116074,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116076,12396],{"class":53},[47,116078,229],{"class":61},[47,116080,2403],{"class":65},[47,116082,13814],{"class":61},[47,116084,13817],{"class":92},[47,116086,106],{"class":61},[47,116088,56612],{"class":65},[47,116090,216],{"class":61},[47,116092,116093],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,116094,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116096,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,116098,103],{"class":102},[47,116100,106],{"class":61},[47,116102,12396],{"class":92},[47,116104,111],{"class":61},[47,116106,116107],{"class":114},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116109,116110,116112,116114,116117,116119],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,116111,103],{"class":102},[47,116113,106],{"class":61},[47,116115,116116],{"class":92},"shallow",[47,116118,111],{"class":61},[47,116120,116121],{"class":114},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116123,116124,116126,116128,116131,116133],{"class":49,"line":11859},[47,116125,103],{"class":102},[47,116127,106],{"class":61},[47,116129,116130],{"class":92},"deep",[47,116132,111],{"class":61},[47,116134,116135],{"class":114},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116137,118,116138,116141,116142,1233,116144,116147],{},[15,116139,116140],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[4015,116143,13113],{},[15,116145,116146],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[33,116149,116151],{"id":116150},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[138,116153,116154,116157,116160,116163,116166],{},[141,116155,116156],{},"What a copy means in Python",[141,116158,116159],{},"How shallow copy works",[141,116161,116162],{},"How deep copy works",[141,116164,116165],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[141,116167,116168],{},"When to use each approach",[33,116170,116172],{"id":116171},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116174,15453,116175,116177,116178,116180],{},[4015,116176,13113],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[4015,116179,4896],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116182,2390],{},[138,116184,116185,116188,116191],{},[141,116186,116187],{},"the outer container is new",[141,116189,116190],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[141,116192,116193],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116195,318],{},[38,116197,116199],{"className":40,"code":116198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116200,116201,116227,116241,116245,116263,116267,116280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116202,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116204,12349],{"class":53},[47,116206,58],{"class":57},[47,116208,56559],{"class":61},[47,116210,232],{"class":65},[47,116212,69],{"class":61},[47,116214,77],{"class":65},[47,116216,18327],{"class":61},[47,116218,62],{"class":61},[47,116220,66],{"class":65},[47,116222,69],{"class":61},[47,116224,402],{"class":65},[47,116226,53512],{"class":61},[47,116228,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116230,14576],{"class":53},[47,116232,58],{"class":57},[47,116234,12424],{"class":53},[47,116236,89],{"class":61},[47,116238,13174],{"class":92},[47,116240,96],{"class":61},[47,116242,116243],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116244,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116248,14595],{"class":53},[47,116250,89],{"class":61},[47,116252,13817],{"class":92},[47,116254,2015],{"class":61},[47,116256,173],{"class":65},[47,116258,69],{"class":61},[47,116260,37908],{"class":65},[47,116262,2040],{"class":61},[47,116264,116265],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116266,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116268,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116270,103],{"class":102},[47,116272,106],{"class":61},[47,116274,12396],{"class":92},[47,116276,111],{"class":61},[47,116278,116279],{"class":114},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116281,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116283,103],{"class":102},[47,116285,106],{"class":61},[47,116287,14595],{"class":92},[47,116289,111],{"class":61},[47,116291,116292],{"class":114},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116294,116295,116296,116298],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116297,14595],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116300,116301],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,116303,116305],{"className":40,"code":116304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116306,116307,116333,116347,116351,116369,116373,116385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116310,12349],{"class":53},[47,116312,58],{"class":57},[47,116314,56559],{"class":61},[47,116316,232],{"class":65},[47,116318,69],{"class":61},[47,116320,77],{"class":65},[47,116322,18327],{"class":61},[47,116324,62],{"class":61},[47,116326,66],{"class":65},[47,116328,69],{"class":61},[47,116330,402],{"class":65},[47,116332,53512],{"class":61},[47,116334,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116336,14576],{"class":53},[47,116338,58],{"class":57},[47,116340,12424],{"class":53},[47,116342,89],{"class":61},[47,116344,13174],{"class":92},[47,116346,96],{"class":61},[47,116348,116349],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116350,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116354,14595],{"class":53},[47,116356,229],{"class":61},[47,116358,2403],{"class":65},[47,116360,13814],{"class":61},[47,116362,13817],{"class":92},[47,116364,106],{"class":61},[47,116366,56612],{"class":65},[47,116368,216],{"class":61},[47,116370,116371],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116372,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116374,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116376,103],{"class":102},[47,116378,106],{"class":61},[47,116380,12396],{"class":92},[47,116382,111],{"class":61},[47,116384,116107],{"class":114},[47,116386,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116388,103],{"class":102},[47,116390,106],{"class":61},[47,116392,14595],{"class":92},[47,116394,111],{"class":61},[47,116396,116397],{"class":114},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116399,116400,116401,1233,116403,116406],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116402,56716],{},[15,116404,116405],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116408,116409,116410,89],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[252,116411,44203],{"href":12328},[33,116413,116415],{"id":116414},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116417,15453,116418,116420],{},[4015,116419,115980],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116422,2390],{},[138,116424,116425,116427,116430],{},[141,116426,116187],{},[141,116428,116429],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[141,116431,116432],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116434,318],{},[38,116436,116438],{"className":40,"code":116437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116439,116440,116446,116450,116476,116494,116498,116516,116520,116532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116441,116442,116444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116443,35356],{"class":2027},[47,116445,115998],{"class":53},[47,116447,116448],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116449,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116451,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116453,12349],{"class":53},[47,116455,58],{"class":57},[47,116457,56559],{"class":61},[47,116459,232],{"class":65},[47,116461,69],{"class":61},[47,116463,77],{"class":65},[47,116465,18327],{"class":61},[47,116467,62],{"class":61},[47,116469,66],{"class":65},[47,116471,69],{"class":61},[47,116473,402],{"class":65},[47,116475,53512],{"class":61},[47,116477,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116479,14576],{"class":53},[47,116481,58],{"class":57},[47,116483,116038],{"class":53},[47,116485,89],{"class":61},[47,116487,116062],{"class":92},[47,116489,106],{"class":61},[47,116491,12396],{"class":92},[47,116493,216],{"class":61},[47,116495,116496],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116497,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116499,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116501,14595],{"class":53},[47,116503,229],{"class":61},[47,116505,2403],{"class":65},[47,116507,13814],{"class":61},[47,116509,13817],{"class":92},[47,116511,106],{"class":61},[47,116513,56612],{"class":65},[47,116515,216],{"class":61},[47,116517,116518],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116519,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116521,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,116523,103],{"class":102},[47,116525,106],{"class":61},[47,116527,12396],{"class":92},[47,116529,111],{"class":61},[47,116531,116279],{"class":114},[47,116533,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,116535,103],{"class":102},[47,116537,106],{"class":61},[47,116539,14595],{"class":92},[47,116541,111],{"class":61},[47,116543,116397],{"class":114},[20,116545,116546,116547,116549,116550,89],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116548,116405],{}," does not change ",[15,116551,56716],{},[33,116553,116555],{"id":116554},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116557,116558],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116560,116561],{},"Common reasons:",[138,116563,116564,116567,116570,116576],{},[141,116565,116566],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[141,116568,116569],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[141,116571,116572,116573,116575],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116574,58],{}," does not make a copy",[141,116577,116578],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116580,116581,116582,116584],{},"For example, this does ",[4015,116583,4896],{}," create a copy:",[38,116586,116588],{"className":40,"code":116587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116589,116590,116610,116618,116622,116636,116640,116652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116593,12349],{"class":53},[47,116595,58],{"class":57},[47,116597,62],{"class":61},[47,116599,232],{"class":65},[47,116601,69],{"class":61},[47,116603,77],{"class":65},[47,116605,69],{"class":61},[47,116607,442],{"class":65},[47,116609,80],{"class":61},[47,116611,116612,116614,116616],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116613,14576],{"class":53},[47,116615,58],{"class":57},[47,116617,12387],{"class":53},[47,116619,116620],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116621,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116625,14595],{"class":53},[47,116627,89],{"class":61},[47,116629,13817],{"class":92},[47,116631,106],{"class":61},[47,116633,334],{"class":65},[47,116635,216],{"class":61},[47,116637,116638],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116639,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116641,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116643,103],{"class":102},[47,116645,106],{"class":61},[47,116647,12396],{"class":92},[47,116649,111],{"class":61},[47,116651,55967],{"class":114},[47,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116655,103],{"class":102},[47,116657,106],{"class":61},[47,116659,14595],{"class":92},[47,116661,111],{"class":61},[47,116663,116664],{"class":114},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116666,116667],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[33,116669,116671],{"id":116670},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116673,116674],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1404,116676,116678],{"id":116677},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116680,116681],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,116683,116685],{"className":40,"code":116684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116686,116687,116713,116721,116725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116688,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116690,12349],{"class":53},[47,116692,58],{"class":57},[47,116694,56559],{"class":61},[47,116696,232],{"class":65},[47,116698,69],{"class":61},[47,116700,77],{"class":65},[47,116702,18327],{"class":61},[47,116704,62],{"class":61},[47,116706,66],{"class":65},[47,116708,69],{"class":61},[47,116710,402],{"class":65},[47,116712,53512],{"class":61},[47,116714,116715,116717,116719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116716,14367],{"class":53},[47,116718,58],{"class":57},[47,116720,12387],{"class":53},[47,116722,116723],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116724,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116726,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116728,103],{"class":102},[47,116730,106],{"class":61},[47,116732,12349],{"class":92},[47,116734,12457],{"class":2027},[47,116736,14435],{"class":92},[47,116738,111],{"class":61},[47,116740,3937],{"class":114},[20,116742,116743],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1404,116745,116747],{"id":116746},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116749,116750],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,116752,116754],{"className":40,"code":116753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116755,116756,116782,116796,116800,116817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116757,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116759,12349],{"class":53},[47,116761,58],{"class":57},[47,116763,56559],{"class":61},[47,116765,232],{"class":65},[47,116767,69],{"class":61},[47,116769,77],{"class":65},[47,116771,18327],{"class":61},[47,116773,62],{"class":61},[47,116775,66],{"class":65},[47,116777,69],{"class":61},[47,116779,402],{"class":65},[47,116781,53512],{"class":61},[47,116783,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116785,116033],{"class":53},[47,116787,58],{"class":57},[47,116789,12424],{"class":53},[47,116791,89],{"class":61},[47,116793,13174],{"class":92},[47,116795,96],{"class":61},[47,116797,116798],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116799,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116813,116815],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116803,103],{"class":102},[47,116805,106],{"class":61},[47,116807,12349],{"class":92},[47,116809,12457],{"class":2027},[47,116811,116812],{"class":92}," shallow",[47,116814,111],{"class":61},[47,116816,21466],{"class":114},[47,116818,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116820,103],{"class":102},[47,116822,106],{"class":61},[47,116824,12396],{"class":92},[47,116826,229],{"class":61},[47,116828,2403],{"class":65},[47,116830,13537],{"class":61},[47,116832,8361],{"class":2027},[47,116834,116812],{"class":92},[47,116836,229],{"class":61},[47,116838,2403],{"class":65},[47,116840,20711],{"class":61},[47,116842,3937],{"class":114},[1404,116844,116846],{"id":116845},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116848,116849],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,116851,116853],{"className":40,"code":116852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116854,116855,116861,116865,116891,116909,116913,116931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116856,116857,116859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116858,35356],{"class":2027},[47,116860,115998],{"class":53},[47,116862,116863],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,116864,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116866,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,116868,12349],{"class":53},[47,116870,58],{"class":57},[47,116872,56559],{"class":61},[47,116874,232],{"class":65},[47,116876,69],{"class":61},[47,116878,77],{"class":65},[47,116880,18327],{"class":61},[47,116882,62],{"class":61},[47,116884,66],{"class":65},[47,116886,69],{"class":61},[47,116888,402],{"class":65},[47,116890,53512],{"class":61},[47,116892,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,116894,116053],{"class":53},[47,116896,58],{"class":57},[47,116898,116038],{"class":53},[47,116900,89],{"class":61},[47,116902,116062],{"class":92},[47,116904,106],{"class":61},[47,116906,12396],{"class":92},[47,116908,216],{"class":61},[47,116910,116911],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,116912,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,116914,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923,116926,116928],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,116916,103],{"class":102},[47,116918,106],{"class":61},[47,116920,12349],{"class":92},[47,116922,12457],{"class":2027},[47,116924,116925],{"class":92}," deep",[47,116927,111],{"class":61},[47,116929,116930],{"class":114},"         # False\n",[47,116932,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,116934,103],{"class":102},[47,116936,106],{"class":61},[47,116938,12396],{"class":92},[47,116940,229],{"class":61},[47,116942,2403],{"class":65},[47,116944,13537],{"class":61},[47,116946,8361],{"class":2027},[47,116948,116925],{"class":92},[47,116950,229],{"class":61},[47,116952,2403],{"class":65},[47,116954,20711],{"class":61},[47,116956,44139],{"class":114},[33,116958,116960],{"id":116959},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116962,116963,116964,136],{},"These all make ",[4015,116965,116966],{},"shallow copies",[138,116968,116969,116973,116977,116982,116988],{},[141,116970,116971],{},[15,116972,55867],{},[141,116974,116975],{},[15,116976,12698],{},[141,116978,116979],{},[15,116980,116981],{},"set.copy()",[141,116983,116984,116985],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116986,116987],{},"my_list[:]",[141,116989,116990,116992,116993,35346],{},[15,116991,116140],{}," from the ",[15,116994,13174],{},[20,116996,2409],{},[38,116998,117000],{"className":40,"code":116999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117001,117002,117022,117026,117040,117051,117055,117067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117003,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117005,54],{"class":53},[47,117007,58],{"class":57},[47,117009,62],{"class":61},[47,117011,232],{"class":65},[47,117013,69],{"class":61},[47,117015,77],{"class":65},[47,117017,69],{"class":61},[47,117019,442],{"class":65},[47,117021,80],{"class":61},[47,117023,117024],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117025,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117029,2834],{"class":53},[47,117031,58],{"class":57},[47,117033,1447],{"class":53},[47,117035,89],{"class":61},[47,117037,13174],{"class":92},[47,117039,96],{"class":61},[47,117041,117042,117044,117046,117048],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117043,2862],{"class":53},[47,117045,58],{"class":57},[47,117047,1447],{"class":53},[47,117049,117050],{"class":61},"[:]\n",[47,117052,117053],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117054,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117056,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,117058,103],{"class":102},[47,117060,106],{"class":61},[47,117062,252],{"class":92},[47,117064,111],{"class":61},[47,117066,115],{"class":114},[47,117068,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,117070,103],{"class":102},[47,117072,106],{"class":61},[47,117074,5026],{"class":92},[47,117076,111],{"class":61},[47,117078,115],{"class":114},[20,117080,73399,117081,47802,117085,89],{},[252,117082,117083,11006],{"href":55227},[15,117084,55867],{},[252,117086,117087,11006],{"href":12695},[15,117088,12698],{},[33,117090,117092],{"id":117091},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117094,117095],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[138,117097,117098,117101,117104],{},[141,117099,117100],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[141,117102,117103],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[141,117105,117106],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117108,117109],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,117111,117113],{"className":40,"code":117112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117114,117115,117135,117149,117153,117167,117171,117183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117116,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131,117133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117118,12349],{"class":53},[47,117120,58],{"class":57},[47,117122,62],{"class":61},[47,117124,232],{"class":65},[47,117126,69],{"class":61},[47,117128,77],{"class":65},[47,117130,69],{"class":61},[47,117132,442],{"class":65},[47,117134,80],{"class":61},[47,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117138,14576],{"class":53},[47,117140,58],{"class":57},[47,117142,12424],{"class":53},[47,117144,89],{"class":61},[47,117146,13174],{"class":92},[47,117148,96],{"class":61},[47,117150,117151],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117152,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117154,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117156,14595],{"class":53},[47,117158,89],{"class":61},[47,117160,13817],{"class":92},[47,117162,106],{"class":61},[47,117164,334],{"class":65},[47,117166,216],{"class":61},[47,117168,117169],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117170,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117172,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,117174,103],{"class":102},[47,117176,106],{"class":61},[47,117178,12396],{"class":92},[47,117180,111],{"class":61},[47,117182,115],{"class":114},[47,117184,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,117186,103],{"class":102},[47,117188,106],{"class":61},[47,117190,14595],{"class":92},[47,117192,111],{"class":61},[47,117194,116664],{"class":114},[20,117196,117197],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117199,117200,117201,89],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[252,117202,15152],{"href":57485},[33,117204,117206],{"id":117205},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117208,117209],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[138,117211,117212,117215,117218],{},[141,117213,117214],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[141,117216,117217],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[141,117219,117220],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117222,117223],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,117225,117227],{"className":40,"code":117226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117228,117229,117235,117239,117265,117279,117297,117301,117323,117327,117340,117353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117230,117231,117233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117232,35356],{"class":2027},[47,117234,115998],{"class":53},[47,117236,117237],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117238,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117240,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117242,12349],{"class":53},[47,117244,58],{"class":57},[47,117246,10756],{"class":61},[47,117248,633],{"class":632},[47,117250,16654],{"class":636},[47,117252,633],{"class":632},[47,117254,136],{"class":61},[47,117256,62],{"class":61},[47,117258,437],{"class":65},[47,117260,69],{"class":61},[47,117262,8054],{"class":65},[47,117264,13970],{"class":61},[47,117266,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117268,116033],{"class":53},[47,117270,58],{"class":57},[47,117272,12424],{"class":53},[47,117274,89],{"class":61},[47,117276,13174],{"class":92},[47,117278,96],{"class":61},[47,117280,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117282,116053],{"class":53},[47,117284,58],{"class":57},[47,117286,116038],{"class":53},[47,117288,89],{"class":61},[47,117290,116062],{"class":92},[47,117292,106],{"class":61},[47,117294,12396],{"class":92},[47,117296,216],{"class":61},[47,117298,117299],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,117300,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117302,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,117304,12396],{"class":53},[47,117306,229],{"class":61},[47,117308,633],{"class":632},[47,117310,16654],{"class":636},[47,117312,633],{"class":632},[47,117314,13814],{"class":61},[47,117316,13817],{"class":92},[47,117318,106],{"class":61},[47,117320,37105],{"class":65},[47,117322,216],{"class":61},[47,117324,117325],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,117326,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117328,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,117330,103],{"class":102},[47,117332,106],{"class":61},[47,117334,12396],{"class":92},[47,117336,111],{"class":61},[47,117338,117339],{"class":114},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117341,117342,117344,117346,117348,117350],{"class":49,"line":6701},[47,117343,103],{"class":102},[47,117345,106],{"class":61},[47,117347,116116],{"class":92},[47,117349,111],{"class":61},[47,117351,117352],{"class":114},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117354,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363],{"class":49,"line":11859},[47,117356,103],{"class":102},[47,117358,106],{"class":61},[47,117360,116130],{"class":92},[47,117362,111],{"class":61},[47,117364,117365],{"class":114},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117367,117368],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[33,117370,117372],{"id":117371},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117374,117375],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[138,117377,117378,117381,117384,117387],{},[141,117379,117380],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[141,117382,117383],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[141,117385,117386],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[141,117388,117389],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117391,117392],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,117394,117396],{"className":40,"code":117395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117397,117398,117406,117414,117418,117426,117430,117442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117399,117400,117402,117404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117401,2834],{"class":53},[47,117403,58],{"class":57},[47,117405,2867],{"class":65},[47,117407,117408,117410,117412],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117409,2862],{"class":53},[47,117411,58],{"class":57},[47,117413,36440],{"class":53},[47,117415,117416],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117417,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117419,117420,117422,117424],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117421,2862],{"class":53},[47,117423,58],{"class":57},[47,117425,14879],{"class":65},[47,117427,117428],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117429,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117431,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,117433,103],{"class":102},[47,117435,106],{"class":61},[47,117437,252],{"class":92},[47,117439,111],{"class":61},[47,117441,27059],{"class":114},[47,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,117445,103],{"class":102},[47,117447,106],{"class":61},[47,117449,5026],{"class":92},[47,117451,111],{"class":61},[47,117453,27880],{"class":114},[20,117455,93612,117456,117459],{},[252,117457,117458],{"href":12328},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[33,117461,1397],{"id":1396},[20,117463,117464],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[138,117466,117467,117471,117476,117481,117484],{},[141,117468,8681,117469,57049],{},[15,117470,58],{},[141,117472,8681,117473,117475],{},[15,117474,55867],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[141,117477,8681,117478,117480],{},[15,117479,12698],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[141,117482,117483],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[141,117485,117486],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117488,117489],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,117491,117493],{"className":40,"code":117492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117494,117495,117509,117523,117545,117576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117496,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117498,103],{"class":102},[47,117500,106],{"class":61},[47,117502,12349],{"class":92},[47,117504,12457],{"class":2027},[47,117506,14649],{"class":92},[47,117508,216],{"class":61},[47,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117512,103],{"class":102},[47,117514,106],{"class":61},[47,117516,12349],{"class":92},[47,117518,4954],{"class":57},[47,117520,14649],{"class":92},[47,117522,216],{"class":61},[47,117524,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117526,103],{"class":102},[47,117528,106],{"class":61},[47,117530,12912],{"class":102},[47,117532,106],{"class":61},[47,117534,12396],{"class":92},[47,117536,9497],{"class":61},[47,117538,15081],{"class":102},[47,117540,106],{"class":61},[47,117542,14595],{"class":92},[47,117544,1978],{"class":61},[47,117546,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117548,103],{"class":102},[47,117550,106],{"class":61},[47,117552,12912],{"class":102},[47,117554,106],{"class":61},[47,117556,12396],{"class":92},[47,117558,229],{"class":61},[47,117560,2403],{"class":65},[47,117562,117563],{"class":61},"]),",[47,117565,15081],{"class":102},[47,117567,106],{"class":61},[47,117569,14595],{"class":92},[47,117571,229],{"class":61},[47,117573,2403],{"class":65},[47,117575,3278],{"class":61},[47,117577,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117579,103],{"class":102},[47,117581,106],{"class":61},[47,117583,1971],{"class":882},[47,117585,106],{"class":61},[47,117587,12396],{"class":92},[47,117589,1978],{"class":61},[20,117591,117592],{},"What they tell you:",[138,117594,117595,117600,117605,117610,117620],{},[141,117596,117597,117599],{},[15,117598,12457],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[141,117601,117602,117604],{},[15,117603,4954],{}," checks whether values are equal",[141,117606,117607,117609],{},[15,117608,43755],{}," shows the identity of an object",[141,117611,117612,117613,1233,117616,117619],{},"comparing ",[15,117614,117615],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117617,117618],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[141,117621,117622,117624],{},[15,117623,2584],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[33,117626,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,117628,117630],{"id":117629},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117632,117633],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1404,117635,57535],{"id":57450},[20,117637,117638],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1404,117640,117642],{"id":117641},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117644,117645],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1404,117647,117649],{"id":117648},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117651,117652],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1404,117654,117656],{"id":117655},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117658,117659],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[33,117661,2187],{"id":2186},[138,117663,117664,117669,117675,117681,117685],{},[141,117665,117666],{},[252,117667,117668],{"href":12328},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[141,117670,117671],{},[252,117672,1386,117673,11006],{"href":55227},[15,117674,55867],{},[141,117676,117677],{},[252,117678,1386,117679,11006],{"href":12695},[15,117680,12698],{},[141,117682,117683],{},[252,117684,15229],{"href":57485},[141,117686,117687],{},[252,117688,117689],{"href":58759},"What is a list in Python?",[2210,117691,117692],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":117694},[117695,117696,117697,117698,117699,117700,117705,117706,117707,117708,117709,117710,117717],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":116150,"depth":83,"text":116151},{"id":116171,"depth":83,"text":116172},{"id":116414,"depth":83,"text":116415},{"id":116554,"depth":83,"text":116555},{"id":116670,"depth":83,"text":116671,"children":117701},[117702,117703,117704],{"id":116677,"depth":99,"text":116678},{"id":116746,"depth":99,"text":116747},{"id":116845,"depth":99,"text":116846},{"id":116959,"depth":83,"text":116960},{"id":117091,"depth":83,"text":117092},{"id":117205,"depth":83,"text":117206},{"id":117371,"depth":83,"text":117372},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":117711},[117712,117713,117714,117715,117716],{"id":117629,"depth":99,"text":117630},{"id":57450,"depth":99,"text":57535},{"id":117641,"depth":99,"text":117642},{"id":117648,"depth":99,"text":117649},{"id":117655,"depth":99,"text":117656},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115951,"description":117718},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117724,"title":117725,"body":117726,"description":119583,"extension":2248,"meta":119584,"navigation":203,"path":119585,"seo":119586,"stem":119587,"__hash__":119588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117727,"toc":119541},[117728,117733,117738,117746,117748,117816,117821,117826,117841,117844,117846,117877,117879,117899,117902,117917,117919,117922,117995,117997,118042,118044,118055,118060,118064,118069,118072,118111,118113,118133,118136,118193,118195,118230,118233,118272,118274,118294,118297,118328,118330,118386,118388,118393,118464,118466,118499,118504,118509,118574,118576,118613,118616,118693,118695,118755,118762,118767,118770,118773,118854,118856,118897,118902,118905,118983,118985,119018,119027,119034,119037,119048,119051,119062,119066,119074,119083,119087,119092,119096,119101,119144,119147,119153,119156,119158,119205,119210,119214,119217,119266,119268,119289,119292,119294,119319,119322,119443,119448,119450,119455,119458,119463,119466,119474,119479,119486,119489,119497,119500,119502,119538],[10,117729,1386,117731,3855],{"id":117730},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117732,1228],{},[20,117734,117735,117737],{},[15,117736,1228],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117739,117740,117741,2472,117743,117745],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117742,24],{},[15,117744,1228],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[33,117747,3884],{"id":3883},[38,117749,117751],{"className":40,"code":117750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117752,117753,117773,117787,117791,117803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117754,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117756,54],{"class":53},[47,117758,58],{"class":57},[47,117760,62],{"class":61},[47,117762,66],{"class":65},[47,117764,69],{"class":61},[47,117766,72],{"class":65},[47,117768,69],{"class":61},[47,117770,77],{"class":65},[47,117772,80],{"class":61},[47,117774,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117776,1442],{"class":53},[47,117778,58],{"class":57},[47,117780,1302],{"class":102},[47,117782,106],{"class":61},[47,117784,86],{"class":92},[47,117786,216],{"class":61},[47,117788,117789],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117790,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117792,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117794,103],{"class":102},[47,117796,106],{"class":61},[47,117798,1466],{"class":92},[47,117800,111],{"class":61},[47,117802,55954],{"class":114},[47,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117806,103],{"class":102},[47,117808,106],{"class":61},[47,117810,86],{"class":92},[47,117812,111],{"class":61},[47,117814,117815],{"class":114},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117817,117818,117820],{},[15,117819,1228],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[33,117822,128,117824,131],{"id":117823},"what-sorted-does",[15,117825,1228],{},[138,117827,117828,117832,117835,117838],{},[141,117829,117830,63187],{},[15,117831,1228],{},[141,117833,117834],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[141,117836,117837],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[141,117839,117840],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117842,117843],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[33,117845,259],{"id":258},[38,117847,117849],{"className":40,"code":117848,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117850,117851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117852,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117854,2002],{"class":102},[47,117856,106],{"class":61},[47,117858,3992],{"class":92},[47,117860,69],{"class":61},[47,117862,21845],{"class":278},[47,117864,58],{"class":57},[47,117866,124],{"class":284},[47,117868,69],{"class":61},[47,117870,289],{"class":278},[47,117872,58],{"class":57},[47,117874,294],{"class":284},[47,117876,216],{"class":61},[1404,117878,17660],{"id":17659},[138,117880,117881,117886,117891],{},[141,117882,117883,117885],{},[15,117884,3992],{},": the values to sort",[141,117887,117888,117890],{},[15,117889,279],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[141,117892,117893,117895,117896,117898],{},[15,117894,362],{},": set to ",[15,117897,367],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117900,117901],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,117903,117905],{"className":40,"code":117904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117906,117907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117908,117909,117911,117913,117915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117910,2002],{"class":102},[47,117912,106],{"class":61},[47,117914,60573],{"class":92},[47,117916,216],{"class":61},[33,117918,11739],{"id":11738},[20,117920,117921],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,117923,117925],{"className":40,"code":117924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117926,117927,117951,117955,117970,117974,117985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117928,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117930,54],{"class":53},[47,117932,58],{"class":57},[47,117934,62],{"class":61},[47,117936,173],{"class":65},[47,117938,69],{"class":61},[47,117940,77],{"class":65},[47,117942,69],{"class":61},[47,117944,447],{"class":65},[47,117946,69],{"class":61},[47,117948,72],{"class":65},[47,117950,80],{"class":61},[47,117952,117953],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,117954,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117956,117957,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,117958,117959],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,117961,58],{"class":57},[47,117963,1302],{"class":102},[47,117965,106],{"class":61},[47,117967,86],{"class":92},[47,117969,216],{"class":61},[47,117971,117972],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,117973,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,117975,117976,117978,117980,117983],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,117977,103],{"class":102},[47,117979,106],{"class":61},[47,117981,117982],{"class":92},"sorted_numbers",[47,117984,216],{"class":61},[47,117986,117987,117989,117991,117993],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,117988,103],{"class":102},[47,117990,106],{"class":61},[47,117992,86],{"class":92},[47,117994,216],{"class":61},[20,117996,219],{},[38,117998,118000],{"className":40,"code":117999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118001,118002,118022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118003,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118005,229],{"class":61},[47,118007,232],{"class":65},[47,118009,69],{"class":61},[47,118011,77],{"class":65},[47,118013,69],{"class":61},[47,118015,241],{"class":65},[47,118017,69],{"class":61},[47,118019,447],{"class":65},[47,118021,80],{"class":61},[47,118023,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118025,229],{"class":61},[47,118027,173],{"class":65},[47,118029,69],{"class":61},[47,118031,77],{"class":65},[47,118033,69],{"class":61},[47,118035,447],{"class":65},[47,118037,69],{"class":61},[47,118039,72],{"class":65},[47,118041,80],{"class":61},[20,118043,14027],{},[138,118045,118046,118051],{},[141,118047,118048,118050],{},[15,118049,117982],{}," is a new sorted list",[141,118052,118053,112587],{},[15,118054,86],{},[20,118056,118057,118058,89],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[252,118059,608],{"href":607},[33,118061,118063],{"id":118062},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118065,118066,118068],{},[15,118067,1228],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1404,118070,118071],{"id":8358},"List",[38,118073,118075],{"className":40,"code":118074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118076,118077,118097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118078,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118080,54],{"class":53},[47,118082,58],{"class":57},[47,118084,62],{"class":61},[47,118086,66],{"class":65},[47,118088,69],{"class":61},[47,118090,72],{"class":65},[47,118092,69],{"class":61},[47,118094,77],{"class":65},[47,118096,80],{"class":61},[47,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118100,103],{"class":102},[47,118102,106],{"class":61},[47,118104,2002],{"class":102},[47,118106,106],{"class":61},[47,118108,86],{"class":92},[47,118110,1978],{"class":61},[20,118112,219],{},[38,118114,118115],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118116,118117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118118,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118120,229],{"class":61},[47,118122,232],{"class":65},[47,118124,69],{"class":61},[47,118126,77],{"class":65},[47,118128,69],{"class":61},[47,118130,442],{"class":65},[47,118132,80],{"class":61},[1404,118134,118135],{"id":49222},"Tuple",[38,118137,118139],{"className":40,"code":118138,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118140,118141,118161,118175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118142,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118144,4095],{"class":53},[47,118146,58],{"class":57},[47,118148,9500],{"class":61},[47,118150,66],{"class":65},[47,118152,69],{"class":61},[47,118154,72],{"class":65},[47,118156,69],{"class":61},[47,118158,77],{"class":65},[47,118160,216],{"class":61},[47,118162,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118164,103],{"class":102},[47,118166,106],{"class":61},[47,118168,2002],{"class":102},[47,118170,106],{"class":61},[47,118172,5625],{"class":92},[47,118174,1978],{"class":61},[47,118176,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,118178,103],{"class":102},[47,118180,106],{"class":61},[47,118182,1971],{"class":882},[47,118184,106],{"class":61},[47,118186,2002],{"class":102},[47,118188,106],{"class":61},[47,118190,5625],{"class":92},[47,118192,3192],{"class":61},[20,118194,219],{},[38,118196,118198],{"className":40,"code":118197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118199,118200,118216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118201,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118203,229],{"class":61},[47,118205,232],{"class":65},[47,118207,69],{"class":61},[47,118209,77],{"class":65},[47,118211,69],{"class":61},[47,118213,442],{"class":65},[47,118215,80],{"class":61},[47,118217,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118219,3568],{"class":57},[47,118221,3571],{"class":2348},[47,118223,708],{"class":632},[47,118225,8358],{"class":636},[47,118227,699],{"class":632},[47,118229,3580],{"class":57},[1404,118231,118232],{"id":6551},"Set",[38,118234,118236],{"className":40,"code":118235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118237,118238,118258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118239,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118241,4095],{"class":53},[47,118243,58],{"class":57},[47,118245,10756],{"class":61},[47,118247,66],{"class":65},[47,118249,69],{"class":61},[47,118251,72],{"class":65},[47,118253,69],{"class":61},[47,118255,77],{"class":65},[47,118257,9573],{"class":61},[47,118259,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118261,103],{"class":102},[47,118263,106],{"class":61},[47,118265,2002],{"class":102},[47,118267,106],{"class":61},[47,118269,5625],{"class":92},[47,118271,1978],{"class":61},[20,118273,219],{},[38,118275,118276],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118277,118278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118279,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118281,229],{"class":61},[47,118283,232],{"class":65},[47,118285,69],{"class":61},[47,118287,77],{"class":65},[47,118289,69],{"class":61},[47,118291,442],{"class":65},[47,118293,80],{"class":61},[1404,118295,118296],{"id":61436},"String",[38,118298,118300],{"className":40,"code":118299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118301,118302,118314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118303,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118305,1600],{"class":53},[47,118307,58],{"class":57},[47,118309,644],{"class":632},[47,118311,42],{"class":636},[47,118313,1609],{"class":632},[47,118315,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118317,103],{"class":102},[47,118319,106],{"class":61},[47,118321,2002],{"class":102},[47,118323,106],{"class":61},[47,118325,1614],{"class":92},[47,118327,1978],{"class":61},[20,118329,219],{},[38,118331,118332],{"className":40,"code":1684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118333,118334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118335,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118337,229],{"class":61},[47,118339,699],{"class":632},[47,118341,1695],{"class":636},[47,118343,699],{"class":632},[47,118345,69],{"class":61},[47,118347,708],{"class":632},[47,118349,1704],{"class":636},[47,118351,699],{"class":632},[47,118353,69],{"class":61},[47,118355,708],{"class":632},[47,118357,1713],{"class":636},[47,118359,699],{"class":632},[47,118361,69],{"class":61},[47,118363,708],{"class":632},[47,118365,20],{"class":636},[47,118367,699],{"class":632},[47,118369,69],{"class":61},[47,118371,708],{"class":632},[47,118373,1730],{"class":636},[47,118375,699],{"class":632},[47,118377,69],{"class":61},[47,118379,708],{"class":632},[47,118381,1739],{"class":636},[47,118383,699],{"class":632},[47,118385,80],{"class":61},[1404,118387,29488],{"id":15869},[20,118389,63800,118390,118392],{},[15,118391,1228],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,118394,118396],{"className":40,"code":118395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118397,118398,118450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118399,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118401,13468],{"class":53},[47,118403,58],{"class":57},[47,118405,10756],{"class":61},[47,118407,633],{"class":632},[47,118409,7932],{"class":636},[47,118411,633],{"class":632},[47,118413,136],{"class":61},[47,118415,644],{"class":632},[47,118417,13143],{"class":636},[47,118419,633],{"class":632},[47,118421,69],{"class":61},[47,118423,644],{"class":632},[47,118425,9563],{"class":636},[47,118427,633],{"class":632},[47,118429,136],{"class":61},[47,118431,8054],{"class":65},[47,118433,69],{"class":61},[47,118435,644],{"class":632},[47,118437,10674],{"class":636},[47,118439,633],{"class":632},[47,118441,136],{"class":61},[47,118443,644],{"class":632},[47,118445,16296],{"class":636},[47,118447,633],{"class":632},[47,118449,9573],{"class":61},[47,118451,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118453,103],{"class":102},[47,118455,106],{"class":61},[47,118457,2002],{"class":102},[47,118459,106],{"class":61},[47,118461,17572],{"class":92},[47,118463,1978],{"class":61},[20,118465,219],{},[38,118467,118469],{"className":40,"code":118468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118470,118471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118472,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118474,229],{"class":61},[47,118476,699],{"class":632},[47,118478,9563],{"class":636},[47,118480,699],{"class":632},[47,118482,69],{"class":61},[47,118484,708],{"class":632},[47,118486,10674],{"class":636},[47,118488,699],{"class":632},[47,118490,69],{"class":61},[47,118492,708],{"class":632},[47,118494,7932],{"class":636},[47,118496,699],{"class":632},[47,118498,80],{"class":61},[33,118500,8681,118502],{"id":118501},"using-reversetrue",[15,118503,311],{},[20,118505,118,118506,118508],{},[15,118507,311],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,118510,118512],{"className":40,"code":118511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118513,118514,118534,118538,118552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118515,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118517,54],{"class":53},[47,118519,58],{"class":57},[47,118521,62],{"class":61},[47,118523,66],{"class":65},[47,118525,69],{"class":61},[47,118527,72],{"class":65},[47,118529,69],{"class":61},[47,118531,77],{"class":65},[47,118533,80],{"class":61},[47,118535,118536],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118537,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,118541,103],{"class":102},[47,118543,106],{"class":61},[47,118545,2002],{"class":102},[47,118547,106],{"class":61},[47,118549,86],{"class":92},[47,118551,1978],{"class":61},[47,118553,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,118555,103],{"class":102},[47,118557,106],{"class":61},[47,118559,2002],{"class":102},[47,118561,106],{"class":61},[47,118563,86],{"class":92},[47,118565,69],{"class":61},[47,118567,289],{"class":278},[47,118569,58],{"class":57},[47,118571,367],{"class":284},[47,118573,1978],{"class":61},[20,118575,219],{},[38,118577,118579],{"className":40,"code":118578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118580,118581,118597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118582,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118584,229],{"class":61},[47,118586,232],{"class":65},[47,118588,69],{"class":61},[47,118590,77],{"class":65},[47,118592,69],{"class":61},[47,118594,442],{"class":65},[47,118596,80],{"class":61},[47,118598,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118600,229],{"class":61},[47,118602,66],{"class":65},[47,118604,69],{"class":61},[47,118606,77],{"class":65},[47,118608,69],{"class":61},[47,118610,72],{"class":65},[47,118612,80],{"class":61},[20,118614,118615],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,118617,118619],{"className":40,"code":118618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118620,118621,118653,118657,118671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118622,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118624,625],{"class":53},[47,118626,58],{"class":57},[47,118628,62],{"class":61},[47,118630,633],{"class":632},[47,118632,647],{"class":636},[47,118634,633],{"class":632},[47,118636,69],{"class":61},[47,118638,644],{"class":632},[47,118640,637],{"class":636},[47,118642,633],{"class":632},[47,118644,69],{"class":61},[47,118646,644],{"class":632},[47,118648,656],{"class":636},[47,118650,633],{"class":632},[47,118652,80],{"class":61},[47,118654,118655],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118656,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,118660,103],{"class":102},[47,118662,106],{"class":61},[47,118664,2002],{"class":102},[47,118666,106],{"class":61},[47,118668,665],{"class":92},[47,118670,1978],{"class":61},[47,118672,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,118674,103],{"class":102},[47,118676,106],{"class":61},[47,118678,2002],{"class":102},[47,118680,106],{"class":61},[47,118682,665],{"class":92},[47,118684,69],{"class":61},[47,118686,289],{"class":278},[47,118688,58],{"class":57},[47,118690,367],{"class":284},[47,118692,1978],{"class":61},[20,118694,219],{},[38,118696,118697],{"className":40,"code":74416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118698,118699,118727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118700,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118702,229],{"class":61},[47,118704,699],{"class":632},[47,118706,647],{"class":636},[47,118708,699],{"class":632},[47,118710,69],{"class":61},[47,118712,708],{"class":632},[47,118714,637],{"class":636},[47,118716,699],{"class":632},[47,118718,69],{"class":61},[47,118720,708],{"class":632},[47,118722,656],{"class":636},[47,118724,699],{"class":632},[47,118726,80],{"class":61},[47,118728,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118730,229],{"class":61},[47,118732,699],{"class":632},[47,118734,656],{"class":636},[47,118736,699],{"class":632},[47,118738,69],{"class":61},[47,118740,708],{"class":632},[47,118742,637],{"class":636},[47,118744,699],{"class":632},[47,118746,69],{"class":61},[47,118748,708],{"class":632},[47,118750,647],{"class":636},[47,118752,699],{"class":632},[47,118754,80],{"class":61},[33,118756,8681,118758,118761],{"id":118757},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118759,118760],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118763,956,118764,118766],{},[15,118765,118760],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118768,118769],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118771,118772],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,118774,118776],{"className":40,"code":118775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118777,118778,118818,118822,118844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118779,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118781,625],{"class":53},[47,118783,58],{"class":57},[47,118785,62],{"class":61},[47,118787,633],{"class":632},[47,118789,996],{"class":636},[47,118791,633],{"class":632},[47,118793,69],{"class":61},[47,118795,644],{"class":632},[47,118797,1013],{"class":636},[47,118799,633],{"class":632},[47,118801,69],{"class":61},[47,118803,644],{"class":632},[47,118805,637],{"class":636},[47,118807,633],{"class":632},[47,118809,69],{"class":61},[47,118811,644],{"class":632},[47,118813,38606],{"class":636},[47,118815,633],{"class":632},[47,118817,80],{"class":61},[47,118819,118820],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118821,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,118823,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,118825,1442],{"class":53},[47,118827,58],{"class":57},[47,118829,1302],{"class":102},[47,118831,106],{"class":61},[47,118833,665],{"class":92},[47,118835,69],{"class":61},[47,118837,21845],{"class":278},[47,118839,58],{"class":57},[47,118841,969],{"class":102},[47,118843,216],{"class":61},[47,118845,118846,118848,118850,118852],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,118847,103],{"class":102},[47,118849,106],{"class":61},[47,118851,1466],{"class":92},[47,118853,216],{"class":61},[20,118855,219],{},[38,118857,118859],{"className":40,"code":118858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118860,118861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118862,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118864,229],{"class":61},[47,118866,699],{"class":632},[47,118868,1013],{"class":636},[47,118870,699],{"class":632},[47,118872,69],{"class":61},[47,118874,708],{"class":632},[47,118876,996],{"class":636},[47,118878,699],{"class":632},[47,118880,69],{"class":61},[47,118882,708],{"class":632},[47,118884,38606],{"class":636},[47,118886,699],{"class":632},[47,118888,69],{"class":61},[47,118890,708],{"class":632},[47,118892,637],{"class":636},[47,118894,699],{"class":632},[47,118896,80],{"class":61},[20,118898,21036,118899,118901],{},[15,118900,969],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118903,118904],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,118906,118908],{"className":40,"code":118907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118909,118910,118943,118947,118973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118911,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118939,118941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118913,625],{"class":53},[47,118915,58],{"class":57},[47,118917,62],{"class":61},[47,118919,633],{"class":632},[47,118921,83464],{"class":636},[47,118923,633],{"class":632},[47,118925,69],{"class":61},[47,118927,644],{"class":632},[47,118929,647],{"class":636},[47,118931,633],{"class":632},[47,118933,69],{"class":61},[47,118935,644],{"class":632},[47,118937,118938],{"class":636},"Cherry",[47,118940,633],{"class":632},[47,118942,80],{"class":61},[47,118944,118945],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,118946,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,118950,1442],{"class":53},[47,118952,58],{"class":57},[47,118954,1302],{"class":102},[47,118956,106],{"class":61},[47,118958,665],{"class":92},[47,118960,69],{"class":61},[47,118962,21845],{"class":278},[47,118964,58],{"class":57},[47,118966,883],{"class":882},[47,118968,89],{"class":61},[47,118970,889],{"class":888},[47,118972,216],{"class":61},[47,118974,118975,118977,118979,118981],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,118976,103],{"class":102},[47,118978,106],{"class":61},[47,118980,1466],{"class":92},[47,118982,216],{"class":61},[20,118984,219],{},[38,118986,118988],{"className":40,"code":118987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118989,118990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118991,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118993,229],{"class":61},[47,118995,699],{"class":632},[47,118997,647],{"class":636},[47,118999,699],{"class":632},[47,119001,69],{"class":61},[47,119003,708],{"class":632},[47,119005,83464],{"class":636},[47,119007,699],{"class":632},[47,119009,69],{"class":61},[47,119011,708],{"class":632},[47,119013,118938],{"class":636},[47,119015,699],{"class":632},[47,119017,80],{"class":61},[20,119019,119020,119021,35595,119023,89],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119022,42627],{},[252,119024,1386,119025,3785],{"href":42624},[15,119026,42627],{},[33,119028,119030,1225,119032],{"id":119029},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119031,1228],{},[15,119033,24],{},[20,119035,119036],{},"The main difference is this:",[138,119038,119039,119044],{},[141,119040,119041,119043],{},[15,119042,1228],{}," returns a new list",[141,119045,119046,74220],{},[15,119047,24],{},[20,119049,119050],{},"Also:",[138,119052,119053,119058],{},[141,119054,119055,119057],{},[15,119056,1228],{}," works with many iterables",[141,119059,119060,1582],{},[15,119061,24],{},[20,119063,118,119064,10866],{},[15,119065,1228],{},[138,119067,119068,119071],{},[141,119069,119070],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[141,119072,119073],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119075,119076,119077,89],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[252,119078,1386,119079,1225,119081,1389],{"href":1392},[15,119080,1228],{},[15,119082,24],{},[33,119084,119086],{"id":119085},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119088,119089,119090,89],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119091,1228],{},[1404,119093,119095],{"id":119094},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119097,119098,119099,136],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119100,1574],{},[38,119102,119104],{"className":40,"code":119103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119105,119106,119130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119107,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119109,4095],{"class":53},[47,119111,58],{"class":57},[47,119113,62],{"class":61},[47,119115,232],{"class":65},[47,119117,69],{"class":61},[47,119119,644],{"class":632},[47,119121,2340],{"class":636},[47,119123,633],{"class":632},[47,119125,69],{"class":61},[47,119127,442],{"class":65},[47,119129,80],{"class":61},[47,119131,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119133,103],{"class":102},[47,119135,106],{"class":61},[47,119137,2002],{"class":102},[47,119139,106],{"class":61},[47,119141,5625],{"class":92},[47,119143,1978],{"class":61},[20,119145,119146],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1404,119148,119150,119151,2585],{"id":119149},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119152,279],{},[20,119154,119155],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119157,318],{},[38,119159,119161],{"className":40,"code":119160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119162,119163,119183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119164,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119166,54],{"class":53},[47,119168,58],{"class":57},[47,119170,62],{"class":61},[47,119172,437],{"class":65},[47,119174,69],{"class":61},[47,119176,77],{"class":65},[47,119178,69],{"class":61},[47,119180,8059],{"class":65},[47,119182,80],{"class":61},[47,119184,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119186,103],{"class":102},[47,119188,106],{"class":61},[47,119190,2002],{"class":102},[47,119192,106],{"class":61},[47,119194,86],{"class":92},[47,119196,69],{"class":61},[47,119198,21845],{"class":278},[47,119200,58],{"class":57},[47,119202,969],{"class":102},[47,119204,1978],{"class":61},[20,119206,48779,119207,119209],{},[15,119208,42627],{}," does not work on integers.",[1404,119211,119213],{"id":119212},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119215,119216],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,119218,119220],{"className":40,"code":119219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119221,119222,119242,119252,119256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119223,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119225,54],{"class":53},[47,119227,58],{"class":57},[47,119229,62],{"class":61},[47,119231,66],{"class":65},[47,119233,69],{"class":61},[47,119235,72],{"class":65},[47,119237,69],{"class":61},[47,119239,77],{"class":65},[47,119241,80],{"class":61},[47,119243,119244,119246,119248,119250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119245,2002],{"class":102},[47,119247,106],{"class":61},[47,119249,86],{"class":92},[47,119251,216],{"class":61},[47,119253,119254],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,119255,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,119257,119258,119260,119262,119264],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,119259,103],{"class":102},[47,119261,106],{"class":61},[47,119263,86],{"class":92},[47,119265,216],{"class":61},[20,119267,219],{},[38,119269,119271],{"className":40,"code":119270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119272,119273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119274,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119276,229],{"class":61},[47,119278,66],{"class":65},[47,119280,69],{"class":61},[47,119282,72],{"class":65},[47,119284,69],{"class":61},[47,119286,77],{"class":65},[47,119288,80],{"class":61},[20,119290,119291],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[33,119293,1397],{"id":1396},[138,119295,119296,119300,119303,119308,119312],{},[141,119297,4845,119298,74220],{},[15,119299,1228],{},[141,119301,119302],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[141,119304,1579,119305,119307],{},[15,119306,1228],{}," always returns a list",[141,119309,8681,119310,23369],{},[15,119311,118760],{},[141,119313,29915,119314,119316,119317],{},[15,119315,17],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119318,1228],{},[20,119320,119321],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,119323,119325],{"className":40,"code":119324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119326,119327,119349,119375,119413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119328,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119330,103],{"class":102},[47,119332,106],{"class":61},[47,119334,2002],{"class":102},[47,119336,2015],{"class":61},[47,119338,66],{"class":65},[47,119340,69],{"class":61},[47,119342,72],{"class":65},[47,119344,69],{"class":61},[47,119346,77],{"class":65},[47,119348,3278],{"class":61},[47,119350,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119352,103],{"class":102},[47,119354,106],{"class":61},[47,119356,1971],{"class":882},[47,119358,106],{"class":61},[47,119360,2002],{"class":102},[47,119362,5777],{"class":61},[47,119364,66],{"class":65},[47,119366,69],{"class":61},[47,119368,72],{"class":65},[47,119370,69],{"class":61},[47,119372,77],{"class":65},[47,119374,93468],{"class":61},[47,119376,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,119378,103],{"class":102},[47,119380,106],{"class":61},[47,119382,2002],{"class":102},[47,119384,2015],{"class":61},[47,119386,699],{"class":632},[47,119388,83464],{"class":636},[47,119390,699],{"class":632},[47,119392,69],{"class":61},[47,119394,708],{"class":632},[47,119396,647],{"class":636},[47,119398,699],{"class":632},[47,119400,18327],{"class":61},[47,119402,21845],{"class":278},[47,119404,58],{"class":57},[47,119406,883],{"class":882},[47,119408,89],{"class":61},[47,119410,889],{"class":888},[47,119412,1978],{"class":61},[47,119414,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,119416,103],{"class":102},[47,119418,106],{"class":61},[47,119420,2002],{"class":102},[47,119422,2015],{"class":61},[47,119424,66],{"class":65},[47,119426,69],{"class":61},[47,119428,72],{"class":65},[47,119430,69],{"class":61},[47,119432,77],{"class":65},[47,119434,18327],{"class":61},[47,119436,289],{"class":278},[47,119438,58],{"class":57},[47,119440,367],{"class":284},[47,119442,1978],{"class":61},[20,119444,119445,119446,89],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[252,119447,53041],{"href":254},[33,119449,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,119451,2082,119453,57429],{"id":119452},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119454,1228],{},[20,119456,119457],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1404,119459,5408,119461,12978],{"id":119460},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119462,1228],{},[20,119464,119465],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1404,119467,119469,119470,11358,119472,2099],{"id":119468},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119471,1228],{},[15,119473,24],{},[20,119475,118,119476,119478],{},[15,119477,1228],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1404,119480,5408,119482,86552,119484,2099],{"id":119481},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119483,118760],{},[15,119485,1228],{},[20,119487,119488],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1404,119490,5424,119492,119494,119495,2099],{"id":119491},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119493,1228],{}," give a ",[15,119496,1574],{},[20,119498,119499],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[33,119501,2187],{"id":2186},[138,119503,119504,119508,119516,119520,119526,119532],{},[141,119505,119506],{},[252,119507,2194],{"href":607},[141,119509,119510],{},[252,119511,1386,119512,1225,119514,1389],{"href":1392},[15,119513,1228],{},[15,119515,24],{},[141,119517,119518],{},[252,119519,53041],{"href":254},[141,119521,119522],{},[252,119523,1386,119524,3785],{"href":42624},[15,119525,42627],{},[141,119527,119528],{},[252,119529,1386,119530,3785],{"href":92124},[15,119531,36015],{},[141,119533,119534],{},[252,119535,1386,119536,3785],{"href":36460},[15,119537,36463],{},[2210,119539,119540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":119542},[119543,119544,119546,119549,119550,119557,119559,119561,119563,119569,119570,119582],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":117823,"depth":83,"text":119545},"What sorted() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":119547},[119548],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":118062,"depth":83,"text":118063,"children":119551},[119552,119553,119554,119555,119556],{"id":8358,"depth":99,"text":118071},{"id":49222,"depth":99,"text":118135},{"id":6551,"depth":99,"text":118232},{"id":61436,"depth":99,"text":118296},{"id":15869,"depth":99,"text":29488},{"id":118501,"depth":83,"text":119558},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118757,"depth":83,"text":119560},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119029,"depth":83,"text":119562},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119085,"depth":83,"text":119086,"children":119564},[119565,119566,119568],{"id":119094,"depth":99,"text":119095},{"id":119149,"depth":99,"text":119567},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119212,"depth":99,"text":119213},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":119571},[119572,119574,119576,119578,119580],{"id":119452,"depth":99,"text":119573},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119460,"depth":99,"text":119575},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119468,"depth":99,"text":119577},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119481,"depth":99,"text":119579},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119491,"depth":99,"text":119581},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117725,"description":119583},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119590,"title":119591,"body":119592,"description":121703,"extension":2248,"meta":121704,"navigation":203,"path":1392,"seo":121705,"stem":121706,"__hash__":121707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119593,"toc":121650},[119594,119601,119604,119614,119620,119623,119641,119649,119651,119710,119718,119722,119744,119748,119752,119754,119771,119773,119785,119791,119875,119879,119926,119932,119939,119943,119948,119950,119962,119967,120020,120024,120044,120051,120058,120062,120065,120084,120088,120202,120206,120276,120278,120290,120295,120299,120312,120316,120391,120395,120434,120441,120447,120452,120456,120470,120474,120539,120543,120576,120579,120584,120592,120599,120612,120615,120619,120702,120706,120743,120747,120850,120854,120915,120920,120927,120931,120934,120940,120943,121010,121014,121038,121040,121058,121065,121118,121122,121142,121148,121150,121207,121214,121240,121245,121250,121258,121264,121324,121328,121375,121378,121380,121383,121409,121412,121505,121507,121527,121531,121534,121552,121558,121560,121568,121573,121580,121583,121589,121592,121598,121606,121614,121619,121621,121647],[10,119595,1386,119597,1225,119599,93182],{"id":119596},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119598,1228],{},[15,119600,24],{},[20,119602,119603],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[138,119605,119606,119610],{},[141,119607,119608],{},[15,119609,1228],{},[141,119611,119612],{},[15,119613,24],{},[20,119615,119616,119617,119619],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[4015,119618,4896],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119621,119622],{},"The main difference is simple:",[138,119624,119625,119633],{},[141,119626,118,119627,119629,119630],{},[15,119628,1228],{}," when you want a ",[4015,119631,119632],{},"new sorted result",[141,119634,118,119635,119637,119638],{},[15,119636,24],{}," when you want to ",[4015,119639,119640],{},"change the original list",[20,119642,119643,119644,2057,119646,119648],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119645,24],{},[15,119647,124],{}," and causes confusion.",[33,119650,3884],{"id":3883},[38,119652,119654],{"className":40,"code":119653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119655,119656,119676,119680,119697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119657,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119659,54],{"class":53},[47,119661,58],{"class":57},[47,119663,62],{"class":61},[47,119665,66],{"class":65},[47,119667,69],{"class":61},[47,119669,72],{"class":65},[47,119671,69],{"class":61},[47,119673,77],{"class":65},[47,119675,80],{"class":61},[47,119677,119678],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119679,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,119681,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,119683,1297],{"class":53},[47,119685,58],{"class":57},[47,119687,1302],{"class":102},[47,119689,106],{"class":61},[47,119691,86],{"class":92},[47,119693,111],{"class":61},[47,119695,119696],{"class":114},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,119698,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,119700,86],{"class":53},[47,119702,89],{"class":61},[47,119704,93],{"class":92},[47,119706,7629],{"class":61},[47,119708,119709],{"class":114},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119711,118,119712,119714,119715,119717],{},[15,119713,1228],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119716,24],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[33,119719,119721],{"id":119720},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[138,119723,119724,119729,119734,119741],{},[141,119725,118,119726,119728],{},[15,119727,1228],{}," to get a new sorted list",[141,119730,118,119731,119733],{},[15,119732,24],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[141,119735,119736,119737,2057,119739],{},"Understand why ",[15,119738,24],{},[15,119740,124],{},[141,119742,119743],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[33,119745,128,119746,131],{"id":117823},[15,119747,1228],{},[20,119749,119750,63187],{},[15,119751,1228],{},[20,119753,49196],{},[138,119755,119756,119762,119768],{},[141,119757,119758,119759],{},"returns a ",[4015,119760,119761],{},"new list",[141,119763,119764,119765,119767],{},"does ",[4015,119766,4896],{}," change the original data",[141,119769,119770],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119772,51402],{},[138,119774,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783],{},[141,119776,5566],{},[141,119778,5569],{},[141,119780,5575],{},[141,119782,5572],{},[141,119784,36176],{},[1404,119786,35343,119788,119790],{"id":119787},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119789,1228],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,119792,119794],{"className":40,"code":119793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119795,119796,119816,119820,119834,119838,119856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119797,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119799,54],{"class":53},[47,119801,58],{"class":57},[47,119803,62],{"class":61},[47,119805,66],{"class":65},[47,119807,69],{"class":61},[47,119809,72],{"class":65},[47,119811,69],{"class":61},[47,119813,77],{"class":65},[47,119815,80],{"class":61},[47,119817,119818],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119819,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,119821,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,119823,1442],{"class":53},[47,119825,58],{"class":57},[47,119827,1302],{"class":102},[47,119829,106],{"class":61},[47,119831,86],{"class":92},[47,119833,216],{"class":61},[47,119835,119836],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,119837,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,119841,103],{"class":102},[47,119843,106],{"class":61},[47,119845,633],{"class":632},[47,119847,12417],{"class":636},[47,119849,633],{"class":632},[47,119851,69],{"class":61},[47,119853,1447],{"class":92},[47,119855,216],{"class":61},[47,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119867,119869,119871,119873],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,119859,103],{"class":102},[47,119861,106],{"class":61},[47,119863,633],{"class":632},[47,119865,119866],{"class":636},"sorted result:",[47,119868,633],{"class":632},[47,119870,69],{"class":61},[47,119872,81318],{"class":92},[47,119874,216],{"class":61},[20,119876,119877],{},[4015,119878,219],{},[38,119880,119882],{"className":40,"code":119881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119883,119884,119904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119885,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119887,12396],{"class":53},[47,119889,136],{"class":61},[47,119891,62],{"class":61},[47,119893,66],{"class":65},[47,119895,69],{"class":61},[47,119897,72],{"class":65},[47,119899,69],{"class":61},[47,119901,77],{"class":65},[47,119903,80],{"class":61},[47,119905,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119907,2002],{"class":102},[47,119909,81318],{"class":53},[47,119911,136],{"class":61},[47,119913,62],{"class":61},[47,119915,232],{"class":65},[47,119917,69],{"class":61},[47,119919,77],{"class":65},[47,119921,69],{"class":61},[47,119923,442],{"class":65},[47,119925,80],{"class":61},[20,119927,119928,119929,119931],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119930,86],{}," stays the same.",[20,119933,119934,119935,89],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[252,119936,1386,119937,3785],{"href":1385},[15,119938,1228],{},[33,119940,128,119941,131],{"id":127},[15,119942,24],{},[20,119944,119945,119947],{},[15,119946,17],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119949,49196],{},[138,119951,119952,119955,119958],{},[141,119953,119954],{},"changes the original list directly",[141,119956,119957],{},"only works on lists",[141,119959,3963,119960],{},[15,119961,124],{},[1404,119963,35343,119965,74220],{"id":119964},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119966,24],{},[38,119968,119970],{"className":40,"code":119969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119971,119972,119992,119996,120006,120010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119973,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119975,54],{"class":53},[47,119977,58],{"class":57},[47,119979,62],{"class":61},[47,119981,66],{"class":65},[47,119983,69],{"class":61},[47,119985,72],{"class":65},[47,119987,69],{"class":61},[47,119989,77],{"class":65},[47,119991,80],{"class":61},[47,119993,119994],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,119995,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,119999,86],{"class":53},[47,120001,89],{"class":61},[47,120003,93],{"class":92},[47,120005,96],{"class":61},[47,120007,120008],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120009,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120011,120012,120014,120016,120018],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120013,103],{"class":102},[47,120015,106],{"class":61},[47,120017,86],{"class":92},[47,120019,216],{"class":61},[20,120021,120022],{},[4015,120023,219],{},[38,120025,120026],{"className":40,"code":55417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120027,120028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120029,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120031,229],{"class":61},[47,120033,232],{"class":65},[47,120035,69],{"class":61},[47,120037,77],{"class":65},[47,120039,69],{"class":61},[47,120041,442],{"class":65},[47,120043,80],{"class":61},[20,120045,120046,120047,120050],{},"After calling ",[15,120048,120049],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120052,120053,120054,89],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[252,120055,1386,120056,11006],{"href":75027},[15,120057,24],{},[33,120059,120061],{"id":120060},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120063,120064],{},"Here is the core difference:",[138,120066,120067,120076],{},[141,120068,120069,120072,120073],{},[15,120070,120071],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[4015,120074,120075],{},"new sorted list",[141,120077,120078,120081,120082,74589],{},[15,120079,120080],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120083,269],{},[1404,120085,120087],{"id":120086},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,120089,120091],{"className":40,"code":120090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120092,120093,120113,120117,120131,120150,120169,120173,120183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120094,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120096,54],{"class":53},[47,120098,58],{"class":57},[47,120100,62],{"class":61},[47,120102,173],{"class":65},[47,120104,69],{"class":61},[47,120106,77],{"class":65},[47,120108,69],{"class":61},[47,120110,402],{"class":65},[47,120112,80],{"class":61},[47,120114,120115],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120116,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120118,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120120,2834],{"class":53},[47,120122,58],{"class":57},[47,120124,1302],{"class":102},[47,120126,106],{"class":61},[47,120128,86],{"class":92},[47,120130,216],{"class":61},[47,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139,120142,120144,120146,120148],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120134,103],{"class":102},[47,120136,106],{"class":61},[47,120138,633],{"class":632},[47,120140,120141],{"class":636},"numbers after sorted():",[47,120143,633],{"class":632},[47,120145,69],{"class":61},[47,120147,1447],{"class":92},[47,120149,216],{"class":61},[47,120151,120152,120154,120156,120158,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120153,103],{"class":102},[47,120155,106],{"class":61},[47,120157,633],{"class":632},[47,120159,120160],{"class":636},"a:",[47,120162,633],{"class":632},[47,120164,69],{"class":61},[47,120166,57153],{"class":92},[47,120168,216],{"class":61},[47,120170,120171],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,120172,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120174,120175,120177,120179,120181],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,120176,86],{"class":53},[47,120178,89],{"class":61},[47,120180,93],{"class":92},[47,120182,96],{"class":61},[47,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191,120194,120196,120198,120200],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,120186,103],{"class":102},[47,120188,106],{"class":61},[47,120190,633],{"class":632},[47,120192,120193],{"class":636},"numbers after sort():",[47,120195,633],{"class":632},[47,120197,69],{"class":61},[47,120199,1447],{"class":92},[47,120201,216],{"class":61},[20,120203,120204],{},[4015,120205,219],{},[38,120207,120209],{"className":40,"code":120208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120210,120211,120234,120254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120212,120213,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120214,120215],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,120217,2002],{"class":102},[47,120219,29849],{"class":61},[47,120221,62],{"class":61},[47,120223,173],{"class":65},[47,120225,69],{"class":61},[47,120227,77],{"class":65},[47,120229,69],{"class":61},[47,120231,402],{"class":65},[47,120233,80],{"class":61},[47,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120237,252],{"class":53},[47,120239,136],{"class":61},[47,120241,62],{"class":61},[47,120243,2340],{"class":65},[47,120245,69],{"class":61},[47,120247,402],{"class":65},[47,120249,69],{"class":61},[47,120251,241],{"class":65},[47,120253,80],{"class":61},[47,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272,120274],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120257,120215],{"class":53},[47,120259,93],{"class":92},[47,120261,29849],{"class":61},[47,120263,62],{"class":61},[47,120265,2340],{"class":65},[47,120267,69],{"class":61},[47,120269,402],{"class":65},[47,120271,69],{"class":61},[47,120273,241],{"class":65},[47,120275,80],{"class":61},[20,120277,10978],{},[138,120279,120280,120285],{},[141,120281,120282,120284],{},[15,120283,1228],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[141,120286,120287,120289],{},[15,120288,17],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120291,5227,120293],{"id":120292},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120294,1228],{},[20,120296,118,120297,10866],{},[15,120298,1228],{},[138,120300,120301,120304,120306,120309],{},[141,120302,120303],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[141,120305,119073],{},[141,120307,120308],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[141,120310,120311],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1404,120313,120315],{"id":120314},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,120317,120319],{"className":40,"code":120318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120320,120321,120345,120349,120363,120367,120377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120322,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120324,54],{"class":53},[47,120326,58],{"class":57},[47,120328,9500],{"class":61},[47,120330,334],{"class":65},[47,120332,69],{"class":61},[47,120334,72],{"class":65},[47,120336,69],{"class":61},[47,120338,442],{"class":65},[47,120340,69],{"class":61},[47,120342,77],{"class":65},[47,120344,216],{"class":61},[47,120346,120347],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120348,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120352,1442],{"class":53},[47,120354,58],{"class":57},[47,120356,1302],{"class":102},[47,120358,106],{"class":61},[47,120360,86],{"class":92},[47,120362,216],{"class":61},[47,120364,120365],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120366,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120370,103],{"class":102},[47,120372,106],{"class":61},[47,120374,1466],{"class":92},[47,120376,216],{"class":61},[47,120378,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,120380,103],{"class":102},[47,120382,106],{"class":61},[47,120384,1971],{"class":882},[47,120386,106],{"class":61},[47,120388,1466],{"class":92},[47,120390,1978],{"class":61},[20,120392,120393],{},[4015,120394,219],{},[38,120396,120398],{"className":40,"code":120397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120399,120400,120420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120401,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120403,229],{"class":61},[47,120405,232],{"class":65},[47,120407,69],{"class":61},[47,120409,77],{"class":65},[47,120411,69],{"class":61},[47,120413,442],{"class":65},[47,120415,69],{"class":61},[47,120417,402],{"class":65},[47,120419,80],{"class":61},[47,120421,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120423,3568],{"class":57},[47,120425,3571],{"class":2348},[47,120427,708],{"class":632},[47,120429,8358],{"class":636},[47,120431,699],{"class":632},[47,120433,3580],{"class":57},[20,120435,2568,120436,120438,120439,89],{},[15,120437,1228],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[4015,120440,8358],{},[20,120442,120443,120444,120446],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[252,120445,53041],{"href":254}," is a helpful next step.",[33,120448,5227,120450],{"id":120449},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120451,24],{},[20,120453,118,120454,10866],{},[15,120455,24],{},[138,120457,120458,120461,120464,120467],{},[141,120459,120460],{},"you already have a list",[141,120462,120463],{},"you want to update that list directly",[141,120465,120466],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[141,120468,120469],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1404,120471,120473],{"id":120472},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,120475,120477],{"className":40,"code":120476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120478,120479,120511,120515,120525,120529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120480,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120482,5261],{"class":53},[47,120484,58],{"class":57},[47,120486,62],{"class":61},[47,120488,633],{"class":632},[47,120490,5287],{"class":636},[47,120492,633],{"class":632},[47,120494,69],{"class":61},[47,120496,644],{"class":632},[47,120498,5270],{"class":636},[47,120500,633],{"class":632},[47,120502,69],{"class":61},[47,120504,644],{"class":632},[47,120506,1121],{"class":636},[47,120508,633],{"class":632},[47,120510,80],{"class":61},[47,120512,120513],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120514,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120516,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120518,5304],{"class":53},[47,120520,89],{"class":61},[47,120522,93],{"class":92},[47,120524,96],{"class":61},[47,120526,120527],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120528,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120532,103],{"class":102},[47,120534,106],{"class":61},[47,120536,5304],{"class":92},[47,120538,216],{"class":61},[20,120540,120541],{},[4015,120542,219],{},[38,120544,120546],{"className":40,"code":120545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120547,120548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120549,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120551,229],{"class":61},[47,120553,699],{"class":632},[47,120555,5270],{"class":636},[47,120557,699],{"class":632},[47,120559,69],{"class":61},[47,120561,708],{"class":632},[47,120563,1121],{"class":636},[47,120565,699],{"class":632},[47,120567,69],{"class":61},[47,120569,708],{"class":632},[47,120571,5287],{"class":636},[47,120573,699],{"class":632},[47,120575,80],{"class":61},[20,120577,120578],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120580,120581,120582,89],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[252,120583,2194],{"href":607},[33,120585,120587,1233,120589,120591],{"id":120586},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120588,362],{},[15,120590,279],{}," work with both",[20,120593,10855,120594,1233,120596,120598],{},[15,120595,1228],{},[15,120597,24],{}," support:",[138,120600,120601,120606],{},[141,120602,120603,120605],{},[15,120604,311],{}," for descending order",[141,120607,120608,120611],{},[15,120609,120610],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120613,120614],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1404,120616,120618],{"id":120617},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,120620,120622],{"className":40,"code":120621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120623,120624,120644,120648,120670,120674,120692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120627,54],{"class":53},[47,120629,58],{"class":57},[47,120631,62],{"class":61},[47,120633,66],{"class":65},[47,120635,69],{"class":61},[47,120637,72],{"class":65},[47,120639,69],{"class":61},[47,120641,77],{"class":65},[47,120643,80],{"class":61},[47,120645,120646],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120647,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120649,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120651,103],{"class":102},[47,120653,106],{"class":61},[47,120655,2002],{"class":102},[47,120657,106],{"class":61},[47,120659,86],{"class":92},[47,120661,69],{"class":61},[47,120663,289],{"class":278},[47,120665,58],{"class":57},[47,120667,367],{"class":284},[47,120669,1978],{"class":61},[47,120671,120672],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120673,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120677,86],{"class":53},[47,120679,89],{"class":61},[47,120681,93],{"class":92},[47,120683,106],{"class":61},[47,120685,362],{"class":278},[47,120687,58],{"class":57},[47,120689,367],{"class":284},[47,120691,216],{"class":61},[47,120693,120694,120696,120698,120700],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,120695,103],{"class":102},[47,120697,106],{"class":61},[47,120699,86],{"class":92},[47,120701,216],{"class":61},[20,120703,120704],{},[4015,120705,219],{},[38,120707,120709],{"className":40,"code":120708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120710,120711,120727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120712,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120714,229],{"class":61},[47,120716,66],{"class":65},[47,120718,69],{"class":61},[47,120720,77],{"class":65},[47,120722,69],{"class":61},[47,120724,72],{"class":65},[47,120726,80],{"class":61},[47,120728,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120730,229],{"class":61},[47,120732,66],{"class":65},[47,120734,69],{"class":61},[47,120736,77],{"class":65},[47,120738,69],{"class":61},[47,120740,72],{"class":65},[47,120742,80],{"class":61},[1404,120744,120746],{"id":120745},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,120748,120750],{"className":40,"code":120749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120751,120752,120784,120788,120814,120818,120840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120753,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120755,625],{"class":53},[47,120757,58],{"class":57},[47,120759,62],{"class":61},[47,120761,633],{"class":632},[47,120763,83464],{"class":636},[47,120765,633],{"class":632},[47,120767,69],{"class":61},[47,120769,644],{"class":632},[47,120771,647],{"class":636},[47,120773,633],{"class":632},[47,120775,69],{"class":61},[47,120777,644],{"class":632},[47,120779,118938],{"class":636},[47,120781,633],{"class":632},[47,120783,80],{"class":61},[47,120785,120786],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120787,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120789,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120791,103],{"class":102},[47,120793,106],{"class":61},[47,120795,2002],{"class":102},[47,120797,106],{"class":61},[47,120799,665],{"class":92},[47,120801,69],{"class":61},[47,120803,21845],{"class":278},[47,120805,58],{"class":57},[47,120807,883],{"class":882},[47,120809,89],{"class":61},[47,120811,889],{"class":888},[47,120813,1978],{"class":61},[47,120815,120816],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120817,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120819,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120821,665],{"class":53},[47,120823,89],{"class":61},[47,120825,93],{"class":92},[47,120827,106],{"class":61},[47,120829,279],{"class":278},[47,120831,58],{"class":57},[47,120833,883],{"class":882},[47,120835,89],{"class":61},[47,120837,889],{"class":888},[47,120839,216],{"class":61},[47,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,120843,103],{"class":102},[47,120845,106],{"class":61},[47,120847,665],{"class":92},[47,120849,216],{"class":61},[20,120851,120852],{},[4015,120853,219],{},[38,120855,120857],{"className":40,"code":120856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120858,120859,120887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120860,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120862,229],{"class":61},[47,120864,699],{"class":632},[47,120866,647],{"class":636},[47,120868,699],{"class":632},[47,120870,69],{"class":61},[47,120872,708],{"class":632},[47,120874,83464],{"class":636},[47,120876,699],{"class":632},[47,120878,69],{"class":61},[47,120880,708],{"class":632},[47,120882,118938],{"class":636},[47,120884,699],{"class":632},[47,120886,80],{"class":61},[47,120888,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120890,229],{"class":61},[47,120892,699],{"class":632},[47,120894,647],{"class":636},[47,120896,699],{"class":632},[47,120898,69],{"class":61},[47,120900,708],{"class":632},[47,120902,83464],{"class":636},[47,120904,699],{"class":632},[47,120906,69],{"class":61},[47,120908,708],{"class":632},[47,120910,118938],{"class":636},[47,120912,699],{"class":632},[47,120914,80],{"class":61},[20,120916,8681,120917,120919],{},[15,120918,828],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120921,120922,120923,89],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[252,120924,120926],{"href":120925},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[33,120928,120930],{"id":120929},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120932,120933],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1404,120935,120937,120938,12860],{"id":120936},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120939,24],{},[20,120941,120942],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,120944,120946],{"className":40,"code":120945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120947,120948,120968,120972,120986,120990,121000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120949,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120951,54],{"class":53},[47,120953,58],{"class":57},[47,120955,62],{"class":61},[47,120957,66],{"class":65},[47,120959,69],{"class":61},[47,120961,72],{"class":65},[47,120963,69],{"class":61},[47,120965,77],{"class":65},[47,120967,80],{"class":61},[47,120969,120970],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,120971,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120973,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,120975,1442],{"class":53},[47,120977,58],{"class":57},[47,120979,1447],{"class":53},[47,120981,89],{"class":61},[47,120983,93],{"class":92},[47,120985,96],{"class":61},[47,120987,120988],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,120989,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,120991,120992,120994,120996,120998],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,120993,103],{"class":102},[47,120995,106],{"class":61},[47,120997,1466],{"class":92},[47,120999,216],{"class":61},[47,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,121003,103],{"class":102},[47,121005,106],{"class":61},[47,121007,86],{"class":92},[47,121009,216],{"class":61},[20,121011,121012],{},[4015,121013,219],{},[38,121015,121016],{"className":40,"code":1483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121017,121018,121022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121019,121020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121021,1490],{"class":284},[47,121023,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032,121034,121036],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121025,229],{"class":61},[47,121027,232],{"class":65},[47,121029,69],{"class":61},[47,121031,77],{"class":65},[47,121033,69],{"class":61},[47,121035,442],{"class":65},[47,121037,80],{"class":61},[20,121039,12163],{},[138,121041,121042,121047,121052],{},[141,121043,121044,121046],{},[15,121045,120049],{}," sorts the list in place",[141,121048,35280,121049,121051],{},[4015,121050,4896],{}," return the sorted list",[141,121053,90088,121054,42421,121056],{},[15,121055,1466],{},[15,121057,124],{},[1404,121059,121061,121062,121064],{"id":121060},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121063,1228],{}," to change the original list",[38,121066,121068],{"className":40,"code":121067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121069,121070,121090,121094,121104,121108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121071,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086,121088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121073,54],{"class":53},[47,121075,58],{"class":57},[47,121077,62],{"class":61},[47,121079,66],{"class":65},[47,121081,69],{"class":61},[47,121083,72],{"class":65},[47,121085,69],{"class":61},[47,121087,77],{"class":65},[47,121089,80],{"class":61},[47,121091,121092],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121093,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121095,121096,121098,121100,121102],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121097,2002],{"class":102},[47,121099,106],{"class":61},[47,121101,86],{"class":92},[47,121103,216],{"class":61},[47,121105,121106],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121107,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,121111,103],{"class":102},[47,121113,106],{"class":61},[47,121115,86],{"class":92},[47,121117,216],{"class":61},[20,121119,121120],{},[4015,121121,219],{},[38,121123,121124],{"className":40,"code":119270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121125,121126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121127,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121129,229],{"class":61},[47,121131,66],{"class":65},[47,121133,69],{"class":61},[47,121135,72],{"class":65},[47,121137,69],{"class":61},[47,121139,77],{"class":65},[47,121141,80],{"class":61},[20,121143,121144,121147],{},[15,121145,121146],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121149,11073],{},[38,121151,121153],{"className":40,"code":121152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121154,121155,121175,121179,121193,121197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121156,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121158,54],{"class":53},[47,121160,58],{"class":57},[47,121162,62],{"class":61},[47,121164,66],{"class":65},[47,121166,69],{"class":61},[47,121168,72],{"class":65},[47,121170,69],{"class":61},[47,121172,77],{"class":65},[47,121174,80],{"class":61},[47,121176,121177],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121178,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121180,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121182,55908],{"class":53},[47,121184,58],{"class":57},[47,121186,1302],{"class":102},[47,121188,106],{"class":61},[47,121190,86],{"class":92},[47,121192,216],{"class":61},[47,121194,121195],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121196,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121198,121199,121201,121203,121205],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,121200,103],{"class":102},[47,121202,106],{"class":61},[47,121204,55927],{"class":92},[47,121206,216],{"class":61},[1404,121208,121210,121211,121213],{"id":121209},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121212,17],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,121215,121216],{"className":40,"code":1593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121217,121218,121230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121219,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121221,1600],{"class":53},[47,121223,58],{"class":57},[47,121225,644],{"class":632},[47,121227,42],{"class":636},[47,121229,1609],{"class":632},[47,121231,121232,121234,121236,121238],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121233,1614],{"class":53},[47,121235,89],{"class":61},[47,121237,93],{"class":92},[47,121239,96],{"class":61},[20,121241,121242,121243,1626],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121244,17],{},[20,121246,121247,121249],{},[15,121248,17],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121251,121252,121253,121255,121256,89],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121254,1228],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[252,121257,5402],{"href":5853},[1404,121259,121261,121262,119307],{"id":121260},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121263,1228],{},[38,121265,121267],{"className":40,"code":121266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121268,121269,121282,121296,121300,121310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121270,121271,121273,121275,121277,121280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121272,1600],{"class":53},[47,121274,58],{"class":57},[47,121276,644],{"class":632},[47,121278,121279],{"class":636},"cab",[47,121281,1609],{"class":632},[47,121283,121284,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121285,1442],{"class":53},[47,121287,58],{"class":57},[47,121289,1302],{"class":102},[47,121291,106],{"class":61},[47,121293,1614],{"class":92},[47,121295,216],{"class":61},[47,121297,121298],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121299,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121301,121302,121304,121306,121308],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121303,103],{"class":102},[47,121305,106],{"class":61},[47,121307,1466],{"class":92},[47,121309,216],{"class":61},[47,121311,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,121313,103],{"class":102},[47,121315,106],{"class":61},[47,121317,1971],{"class":882},[47,121319,106],{"class":61},[47,121321,1466],{"class":92},[47,121323,1978],{"class":61},[20,121325,121326],{},[4015,121327,219],{},[38,121329,121331],{"className":40,"code":121330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121332,121333,121361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121334,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121336,229],{"class":61},[47,121338,699],{"class":632},[47,121340,252],{"class":636},[47,121342,699],{"class":632},[47,121344,69],{"class":61},[47,121346,708],{"class":632},[47,121348,5026],{"class":636},[47,121350,699],{"class":632},[47,121352,69],{"class":61},[47,121354,708],{"class":632},[47,121356,10004],{"class":636},[47,121358,699],{"class":632},[47,121360,80],{"class":61},[47,121362,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121364,3568],{"class":57},[47,121366,3571],{"class":2348},[47,121368,708],{"class":632},[47,121370,8358],{"class":636},[47,121372,699],{"class":632},[47,121374,3580],{"class":57},[20,121376,121377],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[33,121379,113828],{"id":113827},[20,121381,121382],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[138,121384,121385,121388,121393,121398,121404],{},[141,121386,121387],{},"confusing a function with a method",[141,121389,121390,121391,53914],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121392,17],{},[141,121394,121395,121396,12860],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121397,24],{},[141,121399,121400,121401,121403],{},"trying to use ",[15,121402,17],{}," on non-list data types",[141,121405,50775,121406,121408],{},[15,121407,1228],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121410,121411],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,121413,121415],{"className":40,"code":121414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121416,121417,121427,121441,121466,121481,121491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121418,121419,121421,121423,121425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121420,103],{"class":102},[47,121422,106],{"class":61},[47,121424,269],{"class":92},[47,121426,216],{"class":61},[47,121428,121429,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121430,103],{"class":102},[47,121432,106],{"class":61},[47,121434,2002],{"class":102},[47,121436,106],{"class":61},[47,121438,269],{"class":92},[47,121440,1978],{"class":61},[47,121442,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121458,121460,121462,121464],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121444,1442],{"class":53},[47,121446,58],{"class":57},[47,121448,2037],{"class":53},[47,121450,89],{"class":61},[47,121452,93],{"class":92},[47,121454,7629],{"class":61},[47,121456,121457],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121459,103],{"class":102},[47,121461,106],{"class":61},[47,121463,1466],{"class":92},[47,121465,216],{"class":61},[47,121467,121468,121470,121472,121474,121476,121479],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121469,103],{"class":102},[47,121471,106],{"class":61},[47,121473,1971],{"class":882},[47,121475,106],{"class":61},[47,121477,121478],{"class":92},"my_data",[47,121480,1978],{"class":61},[47,121482,121483,121485,121487,121489],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,121484,32419],{"class":102},[47,121486,106],{"class":61},[47,121488,2002],{"class":102},[47,121490,216],{"class":61},[47,121492,121493,121495,121497,121499,121501,121503],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,121494,32419],{"class":102},[47,121496,106],{"class":61},[47,121498,8358],{"class":882},[47,121500,89],{"class":61},[47,121502,93],{"class":888},[47,121504,216],{"class":61},[20,121506,84474],{},[138,121508,121509,121512,121516,121524],{},[141,121510,121511],{},"whether your original list changed",[141,121513,26283,121514,11970],{},[15,121515,1228],{},[141,121517,121518,121519,121521,121522],{},"whether ",[15,121520,17],{}," returned ",[15,121523,124],{},[141,121525,121526],{},"what type of object you are working with",[33,121528,121530],{"id":121529},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121532,121533],{},"Use this rule:",[138,121535,121536,121544],{},[141,121537,121538,121539,121541,121542],{},"Need a ",[4015,121540,119632],{},": use ",[15,121543,1228],{},[141,121545,121546,121547,121541,121550],{},"Need to ",[4015,121548,121549],{},"change one list directly",[15,121551,24],{},[20,121553,121554,121555,121557],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121556,1228],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[33,121559,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,121561,121563,121564,3158,121566,2099],{"id":121562},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121565,1228],{},[15,121567,24],{},[20,121569,121570,121572],{},[15,121571,1228],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1404,121574,5424,121576,5427,121578,2099],{"id":121575},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121577,24],{},[15,121579,124],{},[20,121581,121582],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1404,121584,5436,121586,121588],{"id":121585},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121587,1228],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121590,121591],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1404,121593,28593,121595,121597],{"id":121594},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121596,17],{}," on a string?",[20,121599,46633,121600,121602,121603,40194],{},[15,121601,17],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121604,121605],{},"sorted(string)",[1404,121607,12082,121609,1233,121611,121613],{"id":121608},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121610,1228],{},[15,121612,17],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121615,121616,121617,89],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121618,311],{},[33,121620,2187],{"id":2186},[138,121622,121623,121629,121635,121639,121643],{},[141,121624,121625],{},[252,121626,1386,121627,3785],{"href":1385},[15,121628,1228],{},[141,121630,121631],{},[252,121632,1386,121633,11006],{"href":75027},[15,121634,24],{},[141,121636,121637],{},[252,121638,2194],{"href":607},[141,121640,121641],{},[252,121642,120926],{"href":120925},[141,121644,121645],{},[252,121646,53041],{"href":254},[2210,121648,121649],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":121651},[121652,121653,121654,121658,121662,121665,121669,121673,121678,121688,121689,121690,121702],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":119720,"depth":83,"text":119721},{"id":117823,"depth":83,"text":119545,"children":121655},[121656],{"id":119787,"depth":99,"text":121657},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":127,"depth":83,"text":2217,"children":121659},[121660],{"id":119964,"depth":99,"text":121661},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120060,"depth":83,"text":120061,"children":121663},[121664],{"id":120086,"depth":99,"text":120087},{"id":120292,"depth":83,"text":121666,"children":121667},"When to use sorted()",[121668],{"id":120314,"depth":99,"text":120315},{"id":120449,"depth":83,"text":121670,"children":121671},"When to use list.sort()",[121672],{"id":120472,"depth":99,"text":120473},{"id":120586,"depth":83,"text":121674,"children":121675},"reverse and key work with both",[121676,121677],{"id":120617,"depth":99,"text":120618},{"id":120745,"depth":99,"text":120746},{"id":120929,"depth":83,"text":120930,"children":121679},[121680,121682,121684,121686],{"id":120936,"depth":99,"text":121681},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121060,"depth":99,"text":121683},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121209,"depth":99,"text":121685},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121260,"depth":99,"text":121687},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113827,"depth":83,"text":113828},{"id":121529,"depth":83,"text":121530},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":121691},[121692,121694,121696,121698,121700],{"id":121562,"depth":99,"text":121693},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121575,"depth":99,"text":121695},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121585,"depth":99,"text":121697},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121594,"depth":99,"text":121699},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121608,"depth":99,"text":121701},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119591,"description":121703},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121709,"title":42442,"body":121710,"description":123442,"extension":2248,"meta":123443,"navigation":203,"path":123444,"seo":123445,"stem":123446,"__hash__":123447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121711,"toc":123399},[121712,121717,121722,121728,121730,121785,121789,121812,121817,121822,121827,121829,121860,121863,121877,121879,121881,121896,121901,121905,121908,121959,121963,121977,121984,121988,121992,122047,122051,122074,122078,122134,122138,122161,122165,122220,122224,122247,122251,122318,122322,122357,122363,122368,122373,122375,122389,122391,122465,122469,122489,122494,122501,122504,122516,122518,122587,122591,122628,122631,122656,122663,122672,122675,122687,122693,122699,122701,122707,122712,122791,122795,122836,122840,122842,122869,122872,122895,122898,122904,122907,122944,122956,122963,122965,123016,123019,123051,123054,123056,123063,123065,123080,123082,123139,123143,123167,123169,123174,123190,123197,123201,123204,123287,123297,123299,123304,123307,123313,123316,123322,123325,123331,123334,123341,123349,123351,123396],[10,121713,1386,121715,3855],{"id":121714},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121716,47952],{},[20,121718,32584,121719,121721],{},[15,121720,47952],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121723,121724,121725,121727],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121726,47952],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[33,121729,36],{"id":35},[38,121731,121733],{"className":40,"code":121732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121734,121735,121743,121757,121761,121771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121736,121737,121739,121741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121738,21894],{"class":53},[47,121740,58],{"class":57},[47,121742,45493],{"class":65},[47,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121746,1600],{"class":53},[47,121748,58],{"class":57},[47,121750,49173],{"class":882},[47,121752,106],{"class":61},[47,121754,9563],{"class":92},[47,121756,216],{"class":61},[47,121758,121759],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121760,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121762,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121764,103],{"class":102},[47,121766,106],{"class":61},[47,121768,1614],{"class":92},[47,121770,216],{"class":61},[47,121772,121773,121775,121777,121779,121781,121783],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,121774,103],{"class":102},[47,121776,106],{"class":61},[47,121778,1971],{"class":882},[47,121780,106],{"class":61},[47,121782,1614],{"class":92},[47,121784,1978],{"class":61},[20,121786,121787],{},[4015,121788,219],{},[38,121790,121792],{"className":40,"code":121791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121793,121794,121798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121795,121796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121797,2989],{"class":65},[47,121799,121800,121802,121804,121806,121808,121810],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121801,3568],{"class":57},[47,121803,3571],{"class":2348},[47,121805,708],{"class":632},[47,121807,883],{"class":636},[47,121809,699],{"class":632},[47,121811,3580],{"class":57},[20,121813,118,121814,121816],{},[15,121815,47952],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[33,121818,128,121820,131],{"id":121819},"what-str-does",[15,121821,47952],{},[20,121823,121824,121826],{},[15,121825,47952],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121828,2390],{},[138,121830,121831,121838,121845,121852],{},[141,121832,121833,121834,42421,121836],{},"An integer like ",[15,121835,437],{},[15,121837,42392],{},[141,121839,121840,121841,42421,121843],{},"A float like ",[15,121842,40408],{},[15,121844,48363],{},[141,121846,121847,121848,42421,121850],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121849,367],{},[15,121851,6905],{},[141,121853,121854,121855,42421,121857],{},"A list like ",[15,121856,75498],{},[15,121858,121859],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121861,121862],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[138,121864,121865,121868,121871,121874],{},[141,121866,121867],{},"print it",[141,121869,121870],{},"combine it with other strings",[141,121872,121873],{},"save it to a file",[141,121875,121876],{},"use it in messages",[33,121878,259],{"id":258},[20,121880,7482],{},[38,121882,121884],{"className":40,"code":121883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,121885,121886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121889,883],{"class":882},[47,121891,106],{"class":61},[47,121893,42665],{"class":882},[47,121895,216],{"class":61},[20,121897,21036,121898,121900],{},[15,121899,42665],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121902,121903,8490],{},[15,121904,47952],{},[20,121906,121907],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,121909,121911],{"className":40,"code":121910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121912,121913,121922,121945,121949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121914,121915,121917,121919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121916,5361],{"class":53},[47,121918,58],{"class":57},[47,121920,121921],{"class":65}," 100\n",[47,121923,121924,121926,121928,121930,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941,121943],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,121925,90108],{"class":53},[47,121927,58],{"class":57},[47,121929,644],{"class":632},[47,121931,121932],{"class":636},"Your score is ",[47,121934,633],{"class":632},[47,121936,2735],{"class":57},[47,121938,49173],{"class":882},[47,121940,106],{"class":61},[47,121942,85621],{"class":92},[47,121944,216],{"class":61},[47,121946,121947],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,121948,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,121950,121951,121953,121955,121957],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,121952,103],{"class":102},[47,121954,106],{"class":61},[47,121956,90125],{"class":92},[47,121958,216],{"class":61},[20,121960,121961],{},[4015,121962,219],{},[38,121964,121966],{"className":40,"code":121965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121967,121968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121969,121970,121973,121975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121971,121972],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,121974,12457],{"class":57},[47,121976,121921],{"class":65},[20,121978,2578,121979,121983],{},[252,121980,121981,2585],{"href":2581},[15,121982,2584],{}," can help you check.",[33,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1404,121989,121991],{"id":121990},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,121993,121995],{"className":40,"code":121994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121996,121997,122005,122019,122023,122033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121998,121999,122001,122003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122000,2500],{"class":53},[47,122002,58],{"class":57},[47,122004,2867],{"class":65},[47,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122008,1600],{"class":53},[47,122010,58],{"class":57},[47,122012,49173],{"class":882},[47,122014,106],{"class":61},[47,122016,2522],{"class":92},[47,122018,216],{"class":61},[47,122020,122021],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122022,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122024,122025,122027,122029,122031],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122026,103],{"class":102},[47,122028,106],{"class":61},[47,122030,1614],{"class":92},[47,122032,216],{"class":61},[47,122034,122035,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122036,103],{"class":102},[47,122038,106],{"class":61},[47,122040,1971],{"class":882},[47,122042,106],{"class":61},[47,122044,1614],{"class":92},[47,122046,1978],{"class":61},[20,122048,122049],{},[4015,122050,219],{},[38,122052,122054],{"className":40,"code":122053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122055,122056,122060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122057,122058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122059,2658],{"class":65},[47,122061,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070,122072],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122063,3568],{"class":57},[47,122065,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122067,708],{"class":632},[47,122069,883],{"class":636},[47,122071,699],{"class":632},[47,122073,3580],{"class":57},[1404,122075,122077],{"id":122076},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,122079,122081],{"className":40,"code":122080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122082,122083,122092,122106,122110,122120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122084,122085,122087,122089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122086,40652],{"class":53},[47,122088,58],{"class":57},[47,122090,122091],{"class":65}," 3.14\n",[47,122093,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122095,1600],{"class":53},[47,122097,58],{"class":57},[47,122099,49173],{"class":882},[47,122101,106],{"class":61},[47,122103,25414],{"class":92},[47,122105,216],{"class":61},[47,122107,122108],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122109,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122111,122112,122114,122116,122118],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122113,103],{"class":102},[47,122115,106],{"class":61},[47,122117,1614],{"class":92},[47,122119,216],{"class":61},[47,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122123,103],{"class":102},[47,122125,106],{"class":61},[47,122127,1971],{"class":882},[47,122129,106],{"class":61},[47,122131,1614],{"class":92},[47,122133,1978],{"class":61},[20,122135,122136],{},[4015,122137,219],{},[38,122139,122141],{"className":40,"code":122140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122142,122143,122147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122144,122145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122146,40442],{"class":65},[47,122148,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122150,3568],{"class":57},[47,122152,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122154,708],{"class":632},[47,122156,883],{"class":636},[47,122158,699],{"class":632},[47,122160,3580],{"class":57},[1404,122162,122164],{"id":122163},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,122166,122168],{"className":40,"code":122167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122169,122170,122178,122192,122196,122206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122171,122172,122174,122176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122173,2728],{"class":53},[47,122175,58],{"class":57},[47,122177,6687],{"class":284},[47,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122181,1600],{"class":53},[47,122183,58],{"class":57},[47,122185,49173],{"class":882},[47,122187,106],{"class":61},[47,122189,2753],{"class":92},[47,122191,216],{"class":61},[47,122193,122194],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122195,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122197,122198,122200,122202,122204],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122199,103],{"class":102},[47,122201,106],{"class":61},[47,122203,1614],{"class":92},[47,122205,216],{"class":61},[47,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122209,103],{"class":102},[47,122211,106],{"class":61},[47,122213,1971],{"class":882},[47,122215,106],{"class":61},[47,122217,1614],{"class":92},[47,122219,1978],{"class":61},[20,122221,122222],{},[4015,122223,219],{},[38,122225,122227],{"className":40,"code":122226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122228,122229,122233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122230,122231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122232,4249],{"class":284},[47,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122236,3568],{"class":57},[47,122238,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122240,708],{"class":632},[47,122242,883],{"class":636},[47,122244,699],{"class":632},[47,122246,3580],{"class":57},[1404,122248,122250],{"id":122249},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,122252,122254],{"className":40,"code":122253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122255,122256,122276,122290,122294,122304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122257,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122259,1536],{"class":53},[47,122261,58],{"class":57},[47,122263,62],{"class":61},[47,122265,232],{"class":65},[47,122267,69],{"class":61},[47,122269,77],{"class":65},[47,122271,69],{"class":61},[47,122273,442],{"class":65},[47,122275,80],{"class":61},[47,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122279,1600],{"class":53},[47,122281,58],{"class":57},[47,122283,49173],{"class":882},[47,122285,106],{"class":61},[47,122287,1562],{"class":92},[47,122289,216],{"class":61},[47,122291,122292],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122293,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122295,122296,122298,122300,122302],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122297,103],{"class":102},[47,122299,106],{"class":61},[47,122301,1614],{"class":92},[47,122303,216],{"class":61},[47,122305,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122307,103],{"class":102},[47,122309,106],{"class":61},[47,122311,1971],{"class":882},[47,122313,106],{"class":61},[47,122315,1614],{"class":92},[47,122317,1978],{"class":61},[20,122319,122320],{},[4015,122321,219],{},[38,122323,122325],{"className":40,"code":122324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122326,122327,122343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122328,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122330,229],{"class":61},[47,122332,232],{"class":65},[47,122334,69],{"class":61},[47,122336,77],{"class":65},[47,122338,69],{"class":61},[47,122340,442],{"class":65},[47,122342,80],{"class":61},[47,122344,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122346,3568],{"class":57},[47,122348,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122350,708],{"class":632},[47,122352,883],{"class":636},[47,122354,699],{"class":632},[47,122356,3580],{"class":57},[20,122358,122359,122360,122362],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[4015,122361,4896],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[33,122364,5227,122366],{"id":122365},"when-to-use-str",[15,122367,47952],{},[20,122369,118,122370,122372],{},[15,122371,47952],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122374,36691],{},[138,122376,122377,122380,122383,122386],{},[141,122378,122379],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[141,122381,122382],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[141,122384,122385],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[141,122387,122388],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122390,318],{},[38,122392,122394],{"className":40,"code":122393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122395,122396,122408,122416,122420,122455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122397,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122399,8140],{"class":53},[47,122401,58],{"class":57},[47,122403,644],{"class":632},[47,122405,11773],{"class":636},[47,122407,1609],{"class":632},[47,122409,122410,122412,122414],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122411,21894],{"class":53},[47,122413,58],{"class":57},[47,122415,45493],{"class":65},[47,122417,122418],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122419,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122421,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122453],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122423,90108],{"class":53},[47,122425,58],{"class":57},[47,122427,36235],{"class":53},[47,122429,2343],{"class":57},[47,122431,644],{"class":632},[47,122433,5049],{"class":636},[47,122435,633],{"class":632},[47,122437,2735],{"class":57},[47,122439,49173],{"class":882},[47,122441,106],{"class":61},[47,122443,9563],{"class":92},[47,122445,111],{"class":61},[47,122447,2735],{"class":57},[47,122449,644],{"class":632},[47,122451,122452],{"class":636}," years old.",[47,122454,1609],{"class":632},[47,122456,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122458,103],{"class":102},[47,122460,106],{"class":61},[47,122462,90125],{"class":92},[47,122464,216],{"class":61},[20,122466,122467],{},[4015,122468,219],{},[38,122470,122472],{"className":40,"code":122471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122473,122474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122475,122476,122479,122481,122483,122486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122477,122478],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,122480,12457],{"class":57},[47,122482,9570],{"class":65},[47,122484,122485],{"class":53}," years old",[47,122487,122488],{"class":61},".\n",[20,122490,122491,122492,89],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[252,122493,89794],{"href":89793},[33,122495,122497,1225,122499],{"id":122496},"str-vs-print",[15,122498,47952],{},[15,122500,46720],{},[20,122502,122503],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[138,122505,122506,122511],{},[141,122507,122508,122510],{},[15,122509,47952],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[141,122512,122513,122515],{},[15,122514,46720],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122517,318],{},[38,122519,122521],{"className":40,"code":122520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122522,122523,122531,122535,122549,122559,122573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122524,122525,122527,122529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122526,2728],{"class":53},[47,122528,58],{"class":57},[47,122530,3049],{"class":65},[47,122532,122533],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122534,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122536,122537,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122538,1600],{"class":53},[47,122540,58],{"class":57},[47,122542,49173],{"class":882},[47,122544,106],{"class":61},[47,122546,2753],{"class":92},[47,122548,216],{"class":61},[47,122550,122551,122553,122555,122557],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122552,103],{"class":102},[47,122554,106],{"class":61},[47,122556,1614],{"class":92},[47,122558,216],{"class":61},[47,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122562,103],{"class":102},[47,122564,106],{"class":61},[47,122566,1971],{"class":882},[47,122568,106],{"class":61},[47,122570,1614],{"class":92},[47,122572,1978],{"class":61},[47,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,122576,103],{"class":102},[47,122578,106],{"class":61},[47,122580,1971],{"class":882},[47,122582,106],{"class":61},[47,122584,2753],{"class":92},[47,122586,1978],{"class":61},[20,122588,122589],{},[4015,122590,219],{},[38,122592,122594],{"className":40,"code":122593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122595,122596,122600,122614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122597,122598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122599,46880],{"class":65},[47,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122603,3568],{"class":57},[47,122605,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122607,708],{"class":632},[47,122609,883],{"class":636},[47,122611,699],{"class":632},[47,122613,3580],{"class":57},[47,122615,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122617,3568],{"class":57},[47,122619,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122621,708],{"class":632},[47,122623,2471],{"class":636},[47,122625,699],{"class":632},[47,122627,3580],{"class":57},[20,122629,122630],{},"Notice:",[138,122632,122633,122639,122644],{},[141,122634,122635,122638],{},[15,122636,122637],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[141,122640,122641,122643],{},[15,122642,46720],{}," only displayed values",[141,122645,122646,122648,122649,122651,122652,61563,122654],{},[15,122647,46720],{}," did not change ",[15,122650,2753],{}," from ",[15,122653,2471],{},[15,122655,883],{},[20,122657,122658,122659,89],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[252,122660,122661,2585],{"href":46717},[15,122662,46720],{},[33,122664,122666,1225,122668,122671],{"id":122665},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122667,47952],{},[15,122669,122670],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122673,122674],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[138,122676,122677,122682],{},[141,122678,122679,122681],{},[15,122680,47952],{}," is the more readable text version",[141,122683,122684,122686],{},[15,122685,122670],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122688,122689,122690,122692],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122691,47952],{}," much more often.",[20,122694,122695,122696,122698],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122697,47952],{}," is usually the right choice.",[33,122700,4784],{"id":4783},[1404,122702,26038,122704,122706],{"id":122703},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122705,47952],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122708,122709,122711],{},[15,122710,47952],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,122713,122715],{"className":40,"code":122714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122716,122717,122725,122739,122743,122753,122767,122777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122718,122719,122721,122723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122720,21894],{"class":53},[47,122722,58],{"class":57},[47,122724,45493],{"class":65},[47,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122728,1600],{"class":53},[47,122730,58],{"class":57},[47,122732,49173],{"class":882},[47,122734,106],{"class":61},[47,122736,9563],{"class":92},[47,122738,216],{"class":61},[47,122740,122741],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122742,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122744,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122746,103],{"class":102},[47,122748,106],{"class":61},[47,122750,9563],{"class":92},[47,122752,216],{"class":61},[47,122754,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,122756,103],{"class":102},[47,122758,106],{"class":61},[47,122760,1971],{"class":882},[47,122762,106],{"class":61},[47,122764,9563],{"class":92},[47,122766,1978],{"class":61},[47,122768,122769,122771,122773,122775],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,122770,103],{"class":102},[47,122772,106],{"class":61},[47,122774,1614],{"class":92},[47,122776,216],{"class":61},[47,122778,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,122780,103],{"class":102},[47,122782,106],{"class":61},[47,122784,1971],{"class":882},[47,122786,106],{"class":61},[47,122788,1614],{"class":92},[47,122790,1978],{"class":61},[20,122792,122793],{},[4015,122794,219],{},[38,122796,122798],{"className":40,"code":122797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122799,122800,122804,122818,122822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122801,122802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122803,2989],{"class":65},[47,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122807,3568],{"class":57},[47,122809,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122811,708],{"class":632},[47,122813,2471],{"class":636},[47,122815,699],{"class":632},[47,122817,3580],{"class":57},[47,122819,122820],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122821,2989],{"class":65},[47,122823,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122825,3568],{"class":57},[47,122827,3571],{"class":2348},[47,122829,708],{"class":632},[47,122831,883],{"class":636},[47,122833,699],{"class":632},[47,122835,3580],{"class":57},[1404,122837,122839],{"id":122838},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122841,6952],{},[38,122843,122845],{"className":40,"code":122844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122846,122847,122855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122848,122849,122851,122853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122850,21894],{"class":53},[47,122852,58],{"class":57},[47,122854,45493],{"class":65},[47,122856,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122858,1600],{"class":53},[47,122860,58],{"class":57},[47,122862,49173],{"class":882},[47,122864,106],{"class":61},[47,122866,9563],{"class":92},[47,122868,216],{"class":61},[20,122870,122871],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,122873,122875],{"className":40,"code":122874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122876,122877,122885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122878,122879,122881,122883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122880,21894],{"class":53},[47,122882,58],{"class":57},[47,122884,45493],{"class":65},[47,122886,122887,122889,122891,122893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122888,883],{"class":882},[47,122890,106],{"class":61},[47,122892,9563],{"class":92},[47,122894,216],{"class":61},[20,122896,122897],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1404,122899,8681,122901,122903],{"id":122900},"using-str-too-early",[15,122902,47952],{}," too early",[20,122905,122906],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,122908,122910],{"className":40,"code":122909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122911,122912,122920,122935,122939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122913,122914,122916,122918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122915,40652],{"class":53},[47,122917,58],{"class":57},[47,122919,2867],{"class":65},[47,122921,122922,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,122923,122924],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,122926,58],{"class":57},[47,122928,49173],{"class":882},[47,122930,106],{"class":61},[47,122932,25414],{"class":92},[47,122934,216],{"class":61},[47,122936,122937],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,122938,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,122940,122941],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,122942,122943],{"class":114},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122945,122946,122947,3158,122951,122955],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[252,122948,122949],{"href":3154},[15,122950,3157],{},[252,122952,122953],{"href":3161},[15,122954,3164],{},", depending on the situation.",[1404,122957,8717,122959,122962],{"id":122958},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122960,122961],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122964,64903],{},[38,122966,122968],{"className":40,"code":122967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122969,122970,123002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122971,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122973,1536],{"class":53},[47,122975,58],{"class":57},[47,122977,62],{"class":61},[47,122979,633],{"class":632},[47,122981,647],{"class":636},[47,122983,633],{"class":632},[47,122985,69],{"class":61},[47,122987,644],{"class":632},[47,122989,637],{"class":636},[47,122991,633],{"class":632},[47,122993,69],{"class":61},[47,122995,644],{"class":632},[47,122997,33488],{"class":636},[47,122999,633],{"class":632},[47,123001,80],{"class":61},[47,123003,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123005,103],{"class":102},[47,123007,106],{"class":61},[47,123009,883],{"class":882},[47,123011,106],{"class":61},[47,123013,1562],{"class":92},[47,123015,1978],{"class":61},[20,123017,123018],{},"prints:",[38,123020,123021],{"className":40,"code":73095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123022,123023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123024,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123026,229],{"class":61},[47,123028,699],{"class":632},[47,123030,647],{"class":636},[47,123032,699],{"class":632},[47,123034,69],{"class":61},[47,123036,708],{"class":632},[47,123038,637],{"class":636},[47,123040,699],{"class":632},[47,123042,69],{"class":61},[47,123044,708],{"class":632},[47,123046,33488],{"class":636},[47,123048,699],{"class":632},[47,123050,80],{"class":61},[20,123052,123053],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[33,123055,17684],{"id":17683},[20,123057,123058,22241,123060,89],{},[15,123059,47952],{},[4015,123061,123062],{},"new string",[20,123064,11722],{},[138,123066,123067,123070,123073],{},[141,123068,123069],{},"It always returns a string",[141,123071,123072],{},"It does not modify the original object",[141,123074,8027,123075,123079],{},[252,123076,123077],{"href":2581},[15,123078,2584],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123081,318],{},[38,123083,123085],{"className":40,"code":123084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123086,123087,123095,123110,123114,123125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123088,123089,123091,123093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123090,2728],{"class":53},[47,123092,58],{"class":57},[47,123094,14395],{"class":65},[47,123096,123097,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123098,123099],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,123101,58],{"class":57},[47,123103,49173],{"class":882},[47,123105,106],{"class":61},[47,123107,2753],{"class":92},[47,123109,216],{"class":61},[47,123111,123112],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,123113,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,123115,123116,123118,123120,123123],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,123117,103],{"class":102},[47,123119,106],{"class":61},[47,123121,123122],{"class":92},"converted",[47,123124,216],{"class":61},[47,123126,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,123128,103],{"class":102},[47,123130,106],{"class":61},[47,123132,1971],{"class":882},[47,123134,106],{"class":61},[47,123136,123122],{"class":92},[47,123138,1978],{"class":61},[20,123140,123141],{},[4015,123142,219],{},[38,123144,123146],{"className":40,"code":123145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123147,123148,123153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123149,123150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123151,123152],{"class":65},"99\n",[47,123154,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123156,3568],{"class":57},[47,123158,3571],{"class":2348},[47,123160,708],{"class":632},[47,123162,883],{"class":636},[47,123164,699],{"class":632},[47,123166,3580],{"class":57},[33,123168,113828],{"id":113827},[20,123170,123171,123172,75067],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123173,47952],{},[138,123175,123176,123179,123182,123187],{},[141,123177,123178],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[141,123180,123181],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[141,123183,8681,123184,123186],{},[15,123185,47952],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[141,123188,123189],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123191,123192,123193,89],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[252,123194,25944,123195],{"href":90506},[15,123196,90507],{},[33,123198,123200],{"id":123199},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123202,123203],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,123205,123207],{"className":40,"code":123206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123208,123209,123217,123221,123231,123245,123249,123263,123273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123210,123211,123213,123215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123212,2728],{"class":53},[47,123214,58],{"class":57},[47,123216,45493],{"class":65},[47,123218,123219],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123220,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,123222,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,123224,103],{"class":102},[47,123226,106],{"class":61},[47,123228,2753],{"class":92},[47,123230,216],{"class":61},[47,123232,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,123234,103],{"class":102},[47,123236,106],{"class":61},[47,123238,1971],{"class":882},[47,123240,106],{"class":61},[47,123242,2753],{"class":92},[47,123244,1978],{"class":61},[47,123246,123247],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,123248,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,123250,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,123252,123099],{"class":53},[47,123254,58],{"class":57},[47,123256,49173],{"class":882},[47,123258,106],{"class":61},[47,123260,2753],{"class":92},[47,123262,216],{"class":61},[47,123264,123265,123267,123269,123271],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,123266,103],{"class":102},[47,123268,106],{"class":61},[47,123270,123122],{"class":92},[47,123272,216],{"class":61},[47,123274,123275,123277,123279,123281,123283,123285],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,123276,103],{"class":102},[47,123278,106],{"class":61},[47,123280,1971],{"class":882},[47,123282,106],{"class":61},[47,123284,123122],{"class":92},[47,123286,1978],{"class":61},[20,123288,123289,123290,2472,123292,123294,123295,89],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123291,2471],{},[15,123293,2475],{},", or another type into ",[15,123296,883],{},[33,123298,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,123300,5408,123302,5411],{"id":123301},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123303,47952],{},[20,123305,123306],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1404,123308,2082,123310,123312],{"id":123309},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123311,47952],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123314,123315],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1404,123317,5436,123319,123321],{"id":123318},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123320,47952],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123323,123324],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1404,123326,94692,123328,123330],{"id":123327},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123329,47952],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123332,123333],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1404,123335,15167,123337,57471,123339,2099],{"id":123336},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123338,47952],{},[15,123340,46720],{},[20,123342,46633,123343,123345,123346,123348],{},[15,123344,47952],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123347,46720],{}," shows output.",[33,123350,2187],{"id":2186},[138,123352,123353,123359,123365,123371,123377,123386,123390],{},[141,123354,123355],{},[252,123356,123357,3785],{"href":46717},[15,123358,46720],{},[141,123360,123361],{},[252,123362,123363,3785],{"href":2581},[15,123364,2584],{},[141,123366,123367],{},[252,123368,123369,3785],{"href":3154},[15,123370,3157],{},[141,123372,123373],{},[252,123374,123375,3785],{"href":3161},[15,123376,3164],{},[141,123378,123379],{},[252,123380,123382,123383,123385],{"href":123381},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123384,2471],{}," to string in Python",[141,123387,123388],{},[252,123389,90784],{"href":89793},[141,123391,123392],{},[252,123393,30613,123394],{"href":90506},[15,123395,90507],{},[2210,123397,123398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":123400},[123401,123402,123404,123405,123411,123413,123415,123417,123426,123427,123428,123429,123441],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":121819,"depth":83,"text":123403},"What str() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":121986,"depth":83,"text":121987,"children":123406},[123407,123408,123409,123410],{"id":121990,"depth":99,"text":121991},{"id":122076,"depth":99,"text":122077},{"id":122163,"depth":99,"text":122164},{"id":122249,"depth":99,"text":122250},{"id":122365,"depth":83,"text":123412},"When to use str()",{"id":122496,"depth":83,"text":123414},"str() vs print()",{"id":122665,"depth":83,"text":123416},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":123418},[123419,123421,123422,123424],{"id":122703,"depth":99,"text":123420},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122838,"depth":99,"text":122839},{"id":122900,"depth":99,"text":123423},"Using str() too early",{"id":122958,"depth":99,"text":123425},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":113827,"depth":83,"text":113828},{"id":123199,"depth":83,"text":123200},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":123430},[123431,123433,123435,123437,123439],{"id":123301,"depth":99,"text":123432},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123309,"depth":99,"text":123434},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123318,"depth":99,"text":123436},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123327,"depth":99,"text":123438},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123336,"depth":99,"text":123440},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42442,"description":123442},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123449,"title":123450,"body":123451,"description":124904,"extension":2248,"meta":124905,"navigation":203,"path":124906,"seo":124907,"stem":124908,"__hash__":124909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123452,"toc":124866},[123453,123459,123465,123468,123490,123492,123554,123556,123569,123575,123580,123585,123587,123600,123611,123613,123640,123642,123659,123666,123677,123679,123684,123686,123698,123706,123715,123717,123720,123773,123775,123783,123791,123795,123800,123840,123842,123850,123853,123855,123895,123897,123905,123915,123921,123924,123997,123999,124012,124016,124021,124049,124052,124087,124089,124097,124100,124104,124108,124110,124126,124128,124168,124170,124178,124187,124230,124232,124240,124242,124246,124252,124255,124295,124297,124305,124310,124313,124356,124360,124363,124398,124403,124405,124444,124454,124462,124472,124480,124484,124489,124491,124532,124534,124542,124547,124550,124553,124571,124577,124581,124586,124589,124629,124631,124636,124735,124738,124754,124756,124775,124777,124784,124787,124793,124796,124802,124806,124812,124815,124821,124824,124826,124863],[10,123454,123456,123457,18],{"id":123455},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123458,57556],{},[20,123460,123461,123462,123464],{},"The Python string ",[15,123463,57556],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123466,123467],{},"This reference page explains:",[138,123469,123470,123474,123477,123479,123487],{},[141,123471,26283,123472,131],{},[15,123473,57556],{},[141,123475,123476],{},"its syntax",[141,123478,35660],{},[141,123480,123481,123482,1233,123484,123486],{},"how ",[15,123483,36339],{},[15,123485,52930],{}," work",[141,123488,123489],{},"common beginner mistakes",[33,123491,36],{"id":35},[38,123493,123495],{"className":40,"code":123494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123496,123497,123509,123531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123498,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123500,1600],{"class":53},[47,123502,58],{"class":57},[47,123504,644],{"class":632},[47,123506,637],{"class":636},[47,123508,1609],{"class":632},[47,123510,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123512,103],{"class":102},[47,123514,106],{"class":61},[47,123516,1614],{"class":92},[47,123518,89],{"class":61},[47,123520,41525],{"class":92},[47,123522,106],{"class":61},[47,123524,633],{"class":632},[47,123526,252],{"class":636},[47,123528,633],{"class":632},[47,123530,1978],{"class":61},[47,123532,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123550,123552],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,123534,103],{"class":102},[47,123536,106],{"class":61},[47,123538,1614],{"class":92},[47,123540,89],{"class":61},[47,123542,41525],{"class":92},[47,123544,106],{"class":61},[47,123546,633],{"class":632},[47,123548,123549],{"class":636},"na",[47,123551,633],{"class":632},[47,123553,1978],{"class":61},[20,123555,219],{},[38,123557,123559],{"className":40,"code":123558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,123560,123561,123565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123562,123563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123564,46885],{"class":65},[47,123566,123567],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123568,17321],{"class":65},[20,123570,118,123571,123574],{},[15,123572,123573],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[33,123576,13259,123578,13262],{"id":123577},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123579,57556],{},[20,123581,123582,123584],{},[15,123583,57556],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123586,13315],{},[138,123588,123589,123592,123595,123597],{},[141,123590,123591],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[141,123593,123594],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[141,123596,43925],{},[141,123598,123599],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123601,123602,123603,123605,123606,2472,123608,123610],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123604,18361],{}," characters are in ",[15,123607,65534],{},[15,123609,57556],{}," is a simple choice.",[33,123612,259],{"id":258},[38,123614,123616],{"className":40,"code":123615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123617,123618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123619,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123621,61436],{"class":53},[47,123623,89],{"class":61},[47,123625,41525],{"class":92},[47,123627,106],{"class":61},[47,123629,2753],{"class":92},[47,123631,69],{"class":61},[47,123633,36318],{"class":92},[47,123635,69],{"class":61},[47,123637,65300],{"class":92},[47,123639,216],{"class":61},[1404,123641,17660],{"id":17659},[138,123643,123644,123649,123654],{},[141,123645,123646,123648],{},[15,123647,2753],{},": the text to search for",[141,123650,123651,123653],{},[15,123652,36339],{},": optional; where counting begins",[141,123655,123656,123658],{},[15,123657,52930],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123660,123661,1233,123663,123665],{},[15,123662,36339],{},[15,123664,52930],{}," work like slice positions:",[138,123667,123668,123673],{},[141,123669,123670,123672],{},[15,123671,36339],{}," is included",[141,123674,123675,75993],{},[15,123676,52930],{},[33,123678,17684],{"id":17683},[20,123680,123681,123683],{},[15,123682,57556],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123685,2409],{},[138,123687,123688,123693],{},[141,123689,123690,123691],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123692,66],{},[141,123694,123695,123696],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123697,2403],{},[20,123699,41171,123700,5427,123702,3158,123704,89],{},[4015,123701,4896],{},[15,123703,367],{},[15,123705,294],{},[20,123707,123708,123709,123714],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[252,123710,123712,101702],{"href":123711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123713,2034],{}," is often a better fit.",[33,123716,11739],{"id":11738},[20,123718,123719],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,123721,123723],{"className":40,"code":123722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123724,123725,123737,123759,123763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123726,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123728,1600],{"class":53},[47,123730,58],{"class":57},[47,123732,644],{"class":632},[47,123734,647],{"class":636},[47,123736,1609],{"class":632},[47,123738,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123740,1442],{"class":53},[47,123742,58],{"class":57},[47,123744,43108],{"class":53},[47,123746,89],{"class":61},[47,123748,41525],{"class":92},[47,123750,106],{"class":61},[47,123752,633],{"class":632},[47,123754,20],{"class":636},[47,123756,633],{"class":632},[47,123758,216],{"class":61},[47,123760,123761],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,123762,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,123766,103],{"class":102},[47,123768,106],{"class":61},[47,123770,1466],{"class":92},[47,123772,216],{"class":61},[20,123774,219],{},[38,123776,123777],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123778,123779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123780,123781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123782,17321],{"class":65},[20,123784,64080,123785,123788,123789,89],{},[15,123786,123787],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123790,58098],{},[33,123792,123794],{"id":123793},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123796,123797,123799],{},[15,123798,57556],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,123801,123803],{"className":40,"code":123802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123804,123805,123818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123806,123807,123809,123811,123813,123816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123808,1600],{"class":53},[47,123810,58],{"class":57},[47,123812,644],{"class":632},[47,123814,123815],{"class":636},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123817,1609],{"class":632},[47,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123821,103],{"class":102},[47,123823,106],{"class":61},[47,123825,1614],{"class":92},[47,123827,89],{"class":61},[47,123829,41525],{"class":92},[47,123831,106],{"class":61},[47,123833,633],{"class":632},[47,123835,37311],{"class":636},[47,123837,633],{"class":632},[47,123839,1978],{"class":61},[20,123841,219],{},[38,123843,123844],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123845,123846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123847,123848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123849,46885],{"class":65},[20,123851,123852],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123854,318],{},[38,123856,123858],{"className":40,"code":123857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123859,123860,123873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123861,123862,123864,123866,123868,123871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123863,1600],{"class":53},[47,123865,58],{"class":57},[47,123867,644],{"class":632},[47,123869,123870],{"class":636},"one One one",[47,123872,1609],{"class":632},[47,123874,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123876,103],{"class":102},[47,123878,106],{"class":61},[47,123880,1614],{"class":92},[47,123882,89],{"class":61},[47,123884,41525],{"class":92},[47,123886,106],{"class":61},[47,123888,633],{"class":632},[47,123890,6850],{"class":636},[47,123892,633],{"class":632},[47,123894,1978],{"class":61},[20,123896,219],{},[38,123898,123899],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123900,123901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123902,123903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123904,17321],{"class":65},[20,123906,123907,123908,123911,123912,123914],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123909,123910],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123913,57556],{}," is case-sensitive.",[33,123916,8681,123917,1233,123919],{"id":65666},[15,123918,36339],{},[15,123920,52930],{},[20,123922,123923],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,123925,123927],{"className":40,"code":123926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123928,123929,123941,123967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123932,1600],{"class":53},[47,123934,58],{"class":57},[47,123936,644],{"class":632},[47,123938,637],{"class":636},[47,123940,1609],{"class":632},[47,123942,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,123944,103],{"class":102},[47,123946,106],{"class":61},[47,123948,1614],{"class":92},[47,123950,89],{"class":61},[47,123952,41525],{"class":92},[47,123954,106],{"class":61},[47,123956,633],{"class":632},[47,123958,252],{"class":636},[47,123960,633],{"class":632},[47,123962,69],{"class":61},[47,123964,77],{"class":65},[47,123966,1978],{"class":61},[47,123968,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,123970,103],{"class":102},[47,123972,106],{"class":61},[47,123974,1614],{"class":92},[47,123976,89],{"class":61},[47,123978,41525],{"class":92},[47,123980,106],{"class":61},[47,123982,633],{"class":632},[47,123984,252],{"class":636},[47,123986,633],{"class":632},[47,123988,69],{"class":61},[47,123990,77],{"class":65},[47,123992,69],{"class":61},[47,123994,241],{"class":65},[47,123996,1978],{"class":61},[20,123998,219],{},[38,124000,124002],{"className":40,"code":124001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,124003,124004,124008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124005,124006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124007,17321],{"class":65},[47,124009,124010],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124011,47185],{"class":65},[1404,124013,124015],{"id":124014},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124017,124018,124019,136],{},"In ",[15,124020,65534],{},[138,124022,124023,124031,124039],{},[141,124024,71224,124025,124027,124028],{},[15,124026,2340],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124029,124030],{},"\"n\"",[141,124032,124033,124036,124037,76290],{},[15,124034,124035],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124038,2340],{},[141,124040,124041,124036,124044,124046,124047],{},[15,124042,124043],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124045,2340],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124048,173],{},[20,124050,124051],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,124053,124055],{"className":40,"code":124054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124056,124057,124069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124058,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124060,1600],{"class":53},[47,124062,58],{"class":57},[47,124064,644],{"class":632},[47,124066,637],{"class":636},[47,124068,1609],{"class":632},[47,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124072,103],{"class":102},[47,124074,106],{"class":61},[47,124076,1614],{"class":92},[47,124078,229],{"class":61},[47,124080,2340],{"class":65},[47,124082,136],{"class":61},[47,124084,173],{"class":65},[47,124086,2040],{"class":61},[20,124088,219],{},[38,124090,124091],{"className":40,"code":41734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124092,124093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124094,124095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124096,41734],{"class":53},[20,124098,124099],{},"Only that section is searched.",[33,124101,124103],{"id":124102},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124105,124106,123914],{},[15,124107,57556],{},[20,124109,2390],{},[138,124111,124112,124120],{},[141,124113,124114,1233,124116,124119],{},[15,124115,18361],{},[15,124117,124118],{},"\"A\""," are different",[141,124121,124122,1233,124124,124119],{},[15,124123,64794],{},[15,124125,90519],{},[20,124127,318],{},[38,124129,124131],{"className":40,"code":124130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124132,124133,124146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124134,124135,124137,124139,124141,124144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124136,1600],{"class":53},[47,124138,58],{"class":57},[47,124140,644],{"class":632},[47,124142,124143],{"class":636},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,124145,1609],{"class":632},[47,124147,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124149,103],{"class":102},[47,124151,106],{"class":61},[47,124153,1614],{"class":92},[47,124155,89],{"class":61},[47,124157,41525],{"class":92},[47,124159,106],{"class":61},[47,124161,633],{"class":632},[47,124163,647],{"class":636},[47,124165,633],{"class":632},[47,124167,1978],{"class":61},[20,124169,219],{},[38,124171,124172],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124173,124174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124175,124176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124177,47185],{"class":65},[20,124179,124180,124181,136],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[252,124182,124184],{"href":124183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124185,124186],{},"lower()",[38,124188,124190],{"className":40,"code":124189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124191,124192,124204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124193,124194,124196,124198,124200,124202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124195,1600],{"class":53},[47,124197,58],{"class":57},[47,124199,644],{"class":632},[47,124201,124143],{"class":636},[47,124203,1609],{"class":632},[47,124205,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124207,103],{"class":102},[47,124209,106],{"class":61},[47,124211,1614],{"class":92},[47,124213,89],{"class":61},[47,124215,889],{"class":92},[47,124217,8902],{"class":61},[47,124219,41525],{"class":92},[47,124221,106],{"class":61},[47,124223,633],{"class":632},[47,124225,647],{"class":636},[47,124227,633],{"class":632},[47,124229,1978],{"class":61},[20,124231,219],{},[38,124233,124234],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124235,124236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124237,124238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124239,46885],{"class":65},[33,124241,1397],{"id":1396},[20,124243,23360,124244,89],{},[15,124245,57556],{},[1404,124247,8717,124249,124251],{"id":124248},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124250,57556],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124253,124254],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,124256,124258],{"className":40,"code":124257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124259,124260,124273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124261,124262,124264,124266,124268,124271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124263,1600],{"class":53},[47,124265,58],{"class":57},[47,124267,644],{"class":632},[47,124269,124270],{"class":636},"Aardvark",[47,124272,1609],{"class":632},[47,124274,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124276,103],{"class":102},[47,124278,106],{"class":61},[47,124280,1614],{"class":92},[47,124282,89],{"class":61},[47,124284,41525],{"class":92},[47,124286,106],{"class":61},[47,124288,633],{"class":632},[47,124290,252],{"class":636},[47,124292,633],{"class":632},[47,124294,1978],{"class":61},[20,124296,219],{},[38,124298,124299],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124300,124301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124302,124303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124304,17321],{"class":65},[20,124306,123907,124307,124309],{},[15,124308,124118],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124311,124312],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,124314,124316],{"className":40,"code":124315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124317,124318,124330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124319,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124321,1600],{"class":53},[47,124323,58],{"class":57},[47,124325,644],{"class":632},[47,124327,124270],{"class":636},[47,124329,1609],{"class":632},[47,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124333,103],{"class":102},[47,124335,106],{"class":61},[47,124337,1614],{"class":92},[47,124339,89],{"class":61},[47,124341,889],{"class":92},[47,124343,8902],{"class":61},[47,124345,41525],{"class":92},[47,124347,106],{"class":61},[47,124349,633],{"class":632},[47,124351,252],{"class":636},[47,124353,633],{"class":632},[47,124355,1978],{"class":61},[1404,124357,124359],{"id":124358},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124361,124362],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,124364,124366],{"className":40,"code":124365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124367,124368,124380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124369,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124371,1600],{"class":53},[47,124373,58],{"class":57},[47,124375,644],{"class":632},[47,124377,637],{"class":636},[47,124379,1609],{"class":632},[47,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124383,103],{"class":102},[47,124385,106],{"class":61},[47,124387,1614],{"class":92},[47,124389,89],{"class":61},[47,124391,41525],{"class":92},[47,124393,106],{"class":61},[47,124395,252],{"class":92},[47,124397,1978],{"class":61},[20,124399,124400,124401,89],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124402,252],{},[20,124404,11073],{},[38,124406,124408],{"className":40,"code":124407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124409,124410,124422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124413,1600],{"class":53},[47,124415,58],{"class":57},[47,124417,644],{"class":632},[47,124419,637],{"class":636},[47,124421,1609],{"class":632},[47,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124425,103],{"class":102},[47,124427,106],{"class":61},[47,124429,1614],{"class":92},[47,124431,89],{"class":61},[47,124433,41525],{"class":92},[47,124435,106],{"class":61},[47,124437,633],{"class":632},[47,124439,252],{"class":636},[47,124441,633],{"class":632},[47,124443,1978],{"class":61},[1404,124445,37468,124447,8968,124449,3158,124452],{"id":124446},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124448,57556],{},[15,124450,124451],{},"find()",[15,124453,59233],{},[20,124455,118,124456,124458,124459,89],{},[15,124457,57556],{}," when you need the ",[4015,124460,124461],{},"number of matches",[20,124463,118,124464,124458,124469,124471],{},[252,124465,124467],{"href":124466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124468,124451],{},[4015,124470,65206],{}," of the first match.",[20,124473,118,124474,124479],{},[252,124475,124477],{"href":124476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124478,59233],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1404,124481,124483],{"id":124482},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124485,124486,124488],{},[15,124487,57556],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124490,318],{},[38,124492,124494],{"className":40,"code":124493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124495,124496,124509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124497,124498,124500,124502,124504,124507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124499,1600],{"class":53},[47,124501,58],{"class":57},[47,124503,644],{"class":632},[47,124505,124506],{"class":636},"aaaa",[47,124508,1609],{"class":632},[47,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124528,124530],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124512,103],{"class":102},[47,124514,106],{"class":61},[47,124516,1614],{"class":92},[47,124518,89],{"class":61},[47,124520,41525],{"class":92},[47,124522,106],{"class":61},[47,124524,633],{"class":632},[47,124526,124527],{"class":636},"aa",[47,124529,633],{"class":632},[47,124531,1978],{"class":61},[20,124533,219],{},[38,124535,124536],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124537,124538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124539,124540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124541,17321],{"class":65},[20,124543,124544,124545,89],{},"It does not return ",[15,124546,66],{},[20,124548,124549],{},"Why not?",[20,124551,124552],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[138,124554,124555,124564],{},[141,124556,124557,124560,124561],{},[15,124558,124559],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124562,124563],{},"0-1",[141,124565,124566,124560,124568],{},[15,124567,124559],{},[15,124569,124570],{},"2-3",[20,124572,124573,124574,89],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124575,124576],{},"1-2",[33,124578,5227,124579],{"id":58638},[15,124580,57556],{},[20,124582,118,124583,124585],{},[15,124584,57556],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124587,124588],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[138,124590,124591,124600,124610,124620],{},[141,124592,118,124593,124595,124596,124599],{},[15,124594,57556],{}," when you need ",[4015,124597,124598],{},"how many times"," something appears",[141,124601,118,124602,124595,124606,124609],{},[252,124603,124604],{"href":124466},[15,124605,124451],{},[4015,124607,124608],{},"where"," it appears",[141,124611,48079,124612,124616,124617],{},[252,124613,124614,101702],{"href":123711},[15,124615,2034],{}," when you only need to know ",[4015,124618,124619],{},"if it exists",[141,124621,118,124622,124628],{},[252,124623,124625],{"href":124624},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124626,124627],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[33,124630,26206],{"id":26205},[20,124632,9139,124633,124635],{},[15,124634,57556],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,124637,124639],{"className":40,"code":124638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124640,124641,124651,124665,124687,124713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124642,124643,124645,124647,124649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124644,103],{"class":102},[47,124646,106],{"class":61},[47,124648,1614],{"class":92},[47,124650,216],{"class":61},[47,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124654,103],{"class":102},[47,124656,106],{"class":61},[47,124658,1971],{"class":882},[47,124660,106],{"class":61},[47,124662,1614],{"class":92},[47,124664,1978],{"class":61},[47,124666,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,124668,103],{"class":102},[47,124670,106],{"class":61},[47,124672,1614],{"class":92},[47,124674,89],{"class":61},[47,124676,41525],{"class":92},[47,124678,106],{"class":61},[47,124680,633],{"class":632},[47,124682,252],{"class":636},[47,124684,633],{"class":632},[47,124686,1978],{"class":61},[47,124688,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,124690,103],{"class":102},[47,124692,106],{"class":61},[47,124694,1614],{"class":92},[47,124696,89],{"class":61},[47,124698,889],{"class":92},[47,124700,8902],{"class":61},[47,124702,41525],{"class":92},[47,124704,106],{"class":61},[47,124706,633],{"class":632},[47,124708,252],{"class":636},[47,124710,633],{"class":632},[47,124712,1978],{"class":61},[47,124714,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,124716,103],{"class":102},[47,124718,106],{"class":61},[47,124720,1614],{"class":92},[47,124722,89],{"class":61},[47,124724,41525],{"class":92},[47,124726,106],{"class":61},[47,124728,633],{"class":632},[47,124730,123549],{"class":636},[47,124732,633],{"class":632},[47,124734,1978],{"class":61},[20,124736,124737],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[138,124739,124740,124743,124748,124751],{},[141,124741,124742],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[141,124744,124745,124747],{},[15,124746,1614],{}," not being a string",[141,124749,124750],{},"counting the wrong substring",[141,124752,124753],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124755,59127],{},[138,124757,124758,124761,124764,124767],{},[141,124759,124760],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[141,124762,124763],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[141,124765,124766],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[141,124768,50761,124769,44897,124771,3158,124773,73570],{},[15,124770,57556],{},[15,124772,124451],{},[15,124774,2034],{},[33,124776,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,124778,124780,124781,124783],{"id":124779},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124782,57556],{}," change the original string?",[20,124785,124786],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1404,124788,15167,124790,124792],{"id":124789},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124791,57556],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124794,124795],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1404,124797,5408,124799,124801],{"id":124798},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124800,57556],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124803,5414,124804,89],{},[15,124805,2403],{},[1404,124807,5436,124809,124811],{"id":124808},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124810,57556],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124813,124814],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1404,124816,2082,124818,124820],{"id":124817},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124819,57556],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124822,124823],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[33,124825,2187],{"id":2186},[138,124827,124828,124835,124842,124849,124856],{},[141,124829,124830],{},[252,124831,124832],{"href":124466},[15,124833,124834],{},"Python string find() method",[141,124836,124837],{},[252,124838,124839],{"href":124476},[15,124840,124841],{},"Python string index() method",[141,124843,124844],{},[252,124845,124846],{"href":124183},[15,124847,124848],{},"Python string lower() method",[141,124850,124851],{},[252,124852,124853],{"href":123711},[15,124854,124855],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[141,124857,124858],{},[252,124859,124860],{"href":124624},[15,124861,124862],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2210,124864,124865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":124867},[124868,124869,124871,124874,124875,124876,124877,124880,124881,124889,124890,124891,124903],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":123577,"depth":83,"text":124870},"What the count() method does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":124872},[124873],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":123793,"depth":83,"text":123794},{"id":65666,"depth":83,"text":66449,"children":124878},[124879],{"id":124014,"depth":99,"text":124015},{"id":124102,"depth":83,"text":124103},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":124882},[124883,124885,124886,124888],{"id":124248,"depth":99,"text":124884},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124358,"depth":99,"text":124359},{"id":124446,"depth":99,"text":124887},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124482,"depth":99,"text":124483},{"id":58638,"depth":83,"text":59269},{"id":26205,"depth":83,"text":26206},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":124892},[124893,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"id":124779,"depth":99,"text":124894},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124789,"depth":99,"text":124896},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124798,"depth":99,"text":124898},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124808,"depth":99,"text":124900},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124817,"depth":99,"text":124902},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123450,"description":124904},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124911,"title":124912,"body":124913,"description":126498,"extension":2248,"meta":126499,"navigation":203,"path":126500,"seo":126501,"stem":126502,"__hash__":126503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124914,"toc":126471},[124915,124918,124921,125018,125027,125029,125048,125052,125055,125058,125071,125074,125103,125108,125113,125171,125173,125206,125212,125216,125219,125222,125251,125254,125281,125284,125287,125291,125294,125301,125364,125366,125384,125387,125391,125394,125397,125439,125442,125486,125489,125492,125496,125501,125504,125547,125549,125572,125575,125608,125611,125660,125670,125674,125677,125680,125709,125712,125723,125725,125784,125787,125791,125794,125797,125812,125821,125824,125858,125861,125888,125891,125898,125900,125903,125905,125908,125922,125931,125933,125960,125964,125967,125981,125984,126043,126047,126050,126077,126080,126107,126115,126118,126178,126180,126213,126217,126220,126239,126244,126293,126298,126300,126303,126362,126380,126382,126386,126394,126398,126401,126405,126411,126415,126425,126429,126432,126434,126468],[10,124916,124912],{"id":124917},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124919,124920],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,124922,124924],{"className":40,"code":124923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124925,124926,124938,124950,124959,124973,124977,124987,124997,125008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124927,124928,124930,124932,124934,124936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124929,8140],{"class":53},[47,124931,58],{"class":57},[47,124933,644],{"class":632},[47,124935,5270],{"class":636},[47,124937,1609],{"class":632},[47,124939,124940,124942,124944,124946,124948],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,124941,90108],{"class":53},[47,124943,58],{"class":57},[47,124945,708],{"class":632},[47,124947,35132],{"class":636},[47,124949,29965],{"class":632},[47,124951,124952,124955,124957],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,124953,124954],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,124956,58],{"class":57},[47,124958,8145],{"class":632},[47,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,124962,1600],{"class":53},[47,124964,58],{"class":57},[47,124966,49173],{"class":882},[47,124968,106],{"class":61},[47,124970,50515],{"class":65},[47,124972,216],{"class":61},[47,124974,124975],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,124976,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,124980,103],{"class":102},[47,124982,106],{"class":61},[47,124984,7932],{"class":92},[47,124986,216],{"class":61},[47,124988,124989,124991,124993,124995],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,124990,103],{"class":102},[47,124992,106],{"class":61},[47,124994,90125],{"class":92},[47,124996,216],{"class":61},[47,124998,124999,125001,125003,125006],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,125000,103],{"class":102},[47,125002,106],{"class":61},[47,125004,125005],{"class":92},"empty",[47,125007,216],{"class":61},[47,125009,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,125011,103],{"class":102},[47,125013,106],{"class":61},[47,125015,1614],{"class":92},[47,125017,216],{"class":61},[20,125019,125020,125023,125024,125026],{},[4015,125021,125022],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125025,47952],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[33,125028,15427],{"id":15426},[138,125030,125031,125034,125037,125040,125045],{},[141,125032,125033],{},"What a string is in Python",[141,125035,125036],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[141,125038,125039],{},"How to create an empty string",[141,125041,125042,125043],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125044,47952],{},[141,125046,125047],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[33,125049,125051],{"id":125050},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125053,125054],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125056,125057],{},"Strings can contain:",[138,125059,125060,125063,125065,125068],{},[141,125061,125062],{},"Letters",[141,125064,56727],{},[141,125066,125067],{},"Spaces",[141,125069,125070],{},"Symbols",[20,125072,125073],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,125075,125077],{"className":40,"code":125076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125078,125079,125087,125095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125080,125081,125083,125085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125082,633],{"class":43595},[47,125084,4118],{"class":43599},[47,125086,1609],{"class":43595},[47,125088,125089,125091,125093],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125090,633],{"class":43595},[47,125092,50515],{"class":43599},[47,125094,1609],{"class":43595},[47,125096,125097,125099,125101],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125098,633],{"class":43595},[47,125100,89250],{"class":43599},[47,125102,1609],{"class":43595},[20,125104,21243,125105,125107],{},[15,125106,50565],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125109,125110,125111,136],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125112,2584],{},[38,125114,125116],{"className":40,"code":125115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125117,125118,125130,125139,125143,125157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125119,125120,125122,125124,125126,125128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125121,1600],{"class":53},[47,125123,58],{"class":57},[47,125125,644],{"class":632},[47,125127,50515],{"class":636},[47,125129,1609],{"class":632},[47,125131,125132,125134,125136],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125133,2500],{"class":53},[47,125135,58],{"class":57},[47,125137,125138],{"class":65}," 123\n",[47,125140,125141],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125142,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125144,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125146,103],{"class":102},[47,125148,106],{"class":61},[47,125150,1971],{"class":882},[47,125152,106],{"class":61},[47,125154,1614],{"class":92},[47,125156,1978],{"class":61},[47,125158,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,125160,103],{"class":102},[47,125162,106],{"class":61},[47,125164,1971],{"class":882},[47,125166,106],{"class":61},[47,125168,2522],{"class":92},[47,125170,1978],{"class":61},[20,125172,219],{},[38,125174,125176],{"className":40,"code":125175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125177,125178,125192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125179,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125181,3568],{"class":57},[47,125183,3571],{"class":2348},[47,125185,708],{"class":632},[47,125187,883],{"class":636},[47,125189,699],{"class":632},[47,125191,3580],{"class":57},[47,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125195,3568],{"class":57},[47,125197,3571],{"class":2348},[47,125199,708],{"class":632},[47,125201,2471],{"class":636},[47,125203,699],{"class":632},[47,125205,3580],{"class":57},[20,125207,125208,125209,89],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[252,125210,125211],{"href":51245},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[33,125213,125215],{"id":125214},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125217,125218],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125220,125221],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,125223,125225],{"className":40,"code":125224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125226,125227,125240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125228,125229,125232,125234,125236,125238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125230,125231],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,125233,58],{"class":57},[47,125235,708],{"class":632},[47,125237,4118],{"class":636},[47,125239,29965],{"class":632},[47,125241,125242,125244,125246,125249],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125243,103],{"class":102},[47,125245,106],{"class":61},[47,125247,125248],{"class":92},"greeting",[47,125250,216],{"class":61},[20,125252,125253],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,125255,125257],{"className":40,"code":125256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125258,125259,125271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125262,125231],{"class":53},[47,125264,58],{"class":57},[47,125266,644],{"class":632},[47,125268,4118],{"class":636},[47,125270,1609],{"class":632},[47,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125274,103],{"class":102},[47,125276,106],{"class":61},[47,125278,125248],{"class":92},[47,125280,216],{"class":61},[20,125282,125283],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125285,125286],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[33,125288,125290],{"id":125289},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125292,125293],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125295,125296,125297,3158,125299,136],{},"Use either ",[15,125298,6536],{},[15,125300,4046],{},[38,125302,125304],{"className":40,"code":125303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125305,125306,125315,125324,125328,125339,125350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125307,125308,125311,125313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125309,125310],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,125312,58],{"class":57},[47,125314,8145],{"class":632},[47,125316,125317,125320,125322],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125318,125319],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,125321,58],{"class":57},[47,125323,47764],{"class":632},[47,125325,125326],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125327,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125329,125330,125332,125334,125337],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125331,103],{"class":102},[47,125333,106],{"class":61},[47,125335,125336],{"class":92},"empty1",[47,125338,216],{"class":61},[47,125340,125341,125343,125345,125348],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,125342,103],{"class":102},[47,125344,106],{"class":61},[47,125346,125347],{"class":92},"empty2",[47,125349,216],{"class":61},[47,125351,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,125353,103],{"class":102},[47,125355,106],{"class":61},[47,125357,1971],{"class":882},[47,125359,106],{"class":61},[47,125361,125336],{"class":92},[47,125363,1978],{"class":61},[20,125365,219],{},[38,125367,125368],{"className":40,"code":46038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125369,125370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125371,125372,125374,125376,125378,125380,125382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125373,3568],{"class":57},[47,125375,3571],{"class":2348},[47,125377,708],{"class":632},[47,125379,883],{"class":636},[47,125381,699],{"class":632},[47,125383,3580],{"class":57},[20,125385,125386],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[33,125388,125390],{"id":125389},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125392,125393],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125395,125396],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,125398,125400],{"className":40,"code":125399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125401,125402,125413,125418,125425,125429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125403,125404,125406,125408,125411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125405,90108],{"class":53},[47,125407,58],{"class":57},[47,125409,125410],{"class":632}," \"\"\"",[47,125412,89050],{"class":636},[47,125414,125415],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125416,125417],{"class":636},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125419,125420,125423],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125421,125422],{"class":636},"Have a nice day",[47,125424,43603],{"class":632},[47,125426,125427],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125428,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125430,125431,125433,125435,125437],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,125432,103],{"class":102},[47,125434,106],{"class":61},[47,125436,90125],{"class":92},[47,125438,216],{"class":61},[20,125440,125441],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,125443,125445],{"className":40,"code":125444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125446,125447,125459,125464,125472,125476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125448,125449,125451,125453,125456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125450,90108],{"class":53},[47,125452,58],{"class":57},[47,125454,125455],{"class":632}," '''",[47,125457,125458],{"class":636},"Line 1\n",[47,125460,125461],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125462,125463],{"class":636},"Line 2\n",[47,125465,125466,125469],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125467,125468],{"class":636},"Line 3",[47,125470,125471],{"class":632},"'''\n",[47,125473,125474],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125475,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125477,125478,125480,125482,125484],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,125479,103],{"class":102},[47,125481,106],{"class":61},[47,125483,90125],{"class":92},[47,125485,216],{"class":61},[20,125487,125488],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125490,125491],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[33,125493,125495],{"id":125494},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125497,956,125498,125500],{},[15,125499,47952],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125502,125503],{},"Example with a number:",[38,125505,125507],{"className":40,"code":125506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125508,125509,125523,125533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125510,125511,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125512,1600],{"class":53},[47,125514,58],{"class":57},[47,125516,49173],{"class":882},[47,125518,106],{"class":61},[47,125520,46794],{"class":65},[47,125522,216],{"class":61},[47,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125526,103],{"class":102},[47,125528,106],{"class":61},[47,125530,1614],{"class":92},[47,125532,216],{"class":61},[47,125534,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543,125545],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125536,103],{"class":102},[47,125538,106],{"class":61},[47,125540,1971],{"class":882},[47,125542,106],{"class":61},[47,125544,1614],{"class":92},[47,125546,1978],{"class":61},[20,125548,219],{},[38,125550,125552],{"className":40,"code":125551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125553,125554,125558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125555,125556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125557,46880],{"class":65},[47,125559,125560,125562,125564,125566,125568,125570],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125561,3568],{"class":57},[47,125563,3571],{"class":2348},[47,125565,708],{"class":632},[47,125567,883],{"class":636},[47,125569,699],{"class":632},[47,125571,3580],{"class":57},[20,125573,125574],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,125576,125578],{"className":40,"code":125577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125579,125580,125594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125581,125582,125584,125586,125588,125590,125592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125583,103],{"class":102},[47,125585,106],{"class":61},[47,125587,883],{"class":882},[47,125589,106],{"class":61},[47,125591,367],{"class":284},[47,125593,1978],{"class":61},[47,125595,125596,125598,125600,125602,125604,125606],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125597,103],{"class":102},[47,125599,106],{"class":61},[47,125601,883],{"class":882},[47,125603,106],{"class":61},[47,125605,40408],{"class":65},[47,125607,1978],{"class":61},[20,125609,125610],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,125612,125614],{"className":40,"code":125613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125615,125616,125624,125646,125650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125617,125618,125620,125622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125619,21894],{"class":53},[47,125621,58],{"class":57},[47,125623,45493],{"class":65},[47,125625,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642,125644],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125627,90108],{"class":53},[47,125629,58],{"class":57},[47,125631,644],{"class":632},[47,125633,89526],{"class":636},[47,125635,633],{"class":632},[47,125637,2735],{"class":57},[47,125639,49173],{"class":882},[47,125641,106],{"class":61},[47,125643,9563],{"class":92},[47,125645,216],{"class":61},[47,125647,125648],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125649,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125653,103],{"class":102},[47,125655,106],{"class":61},[47,125657,90125],{"class":92},[47,125659,216],{"class":61},[20,125661,125662,125663,3158,125667,89],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[252,125664,1386,125665,3785],{"href":42441},[15,125666,47952],{},[252,125668,125669],{"href":123381},"how to convert int to string in Python",[33,125671,125673],{"id":125672},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125675,125676],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125678,125679],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,125681,125683],{"className":40,"code":125682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125684,125685,125697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125686,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125688,2834],{"class":53},[47,125690,58],{"class":57},[47,125692,708],{"class":632},[47,125694,7561],{"class":636},[47,125696,29965],{"class":632},[47,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125700,2862],{"class":53},[47,125702,58],{"class":57},[47,125704,644],{"class":632},[47,125706,7561],{"class":636},[47,125708,1609],{"class":632},[20,125710,125711],{},"A common rule is:",[138,125713,125714,125717,125720],{},[141,125715,125716],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[141,125718,125719],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[141,125721,125722],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125724,318],{},[38,125726,125728],{"className":40,"code":125727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125729,125730,125744,125758,125762,125773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125731,125732,125735,125737,125739,125742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125733,125734],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125736,58],{"class":57},[47,125738,644],{"class":632},[47,125740,125741],{"class":636},"It's working",[47,125743,1609],{"class":632},[47,125745,125746,125749,125751,125753,125756],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125747,125748],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125750,58],{"class":57},[47,125752,708],{"class":632},[47,125754,125755],{"class":636},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125757,29965],{"class":632},[47,125759,125760],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,125761,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,125763,125764,125766,125768,125771],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,125765,103],{"class":102},[47,125767,106],{"class":61},[47,125769,125770],{"class":92},"text1",[47,125772,216],{"class":61},[47,125774,125775,125777,125779,125782],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,125776,103],{"class":102},[47,125778,106],{"class":61},[47,125780,125781],{"class":92},"text2",[47,125783,216],{"class":61},[20,125785,125786],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[33,125788,125790],{"id":125789},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125792,125793],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125795,125796],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,125798,125800],{"className":40,"code":125799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125801,125802,125807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125803,125804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125805,125806],{"class":114},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125808,125809],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125810,125811],{"class":114},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125813,125814,125815,35595,125817,125820],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125816,699],{},[15,125818,125819],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125822,125823],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,125825,125827],{"className":40,"code":125826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125828,125829,125848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125830,125831,125833,125835,125837,125840,125843,125846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125832,1600],{"class":53},[47,125834,58],{"class":57},[47,125836,708],{"class":632},[47,125838,125839],{"class":636},"It",[47,125841,125842],{"class":34720},"\\'",[47,125844,125845],{"class":636},"s working",[47,125847,29965],{"class":632},[47,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125851,103],{"class":102},[47,125853,106],{"class":61},[47,125855,1614],{"class":92},[47,125857,216],{"class":61},[20,125859,125860],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,125862,125864],{"className":40,"code":125863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125865,125866,125878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125867,125868,125870,125872,125874,125876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125869,1600],{"class":53},[47,125871,58],{"class":57},[47,125873,644],{"class":632},[47,125875,125741],{"class":636},[47,125877,1609],{"class":632},[47,125879,125880,125882,125884,125886],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125881,103],{"class":102},[47,125883,106],{"class":61},[47,125885,1614],{"class":92},[47,125887,216],{"class":61},[20,125889,125890],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125892,125893,125894,89],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[252,125895,125897],{"href":125896},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[33,125899,1397],{"id":1396},[20,125901,125902],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1404,125904,90315],{"id":90314},[20,125906,125907],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,125909,125911],{"className":40,"code":125910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125912,125913,125917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125914,125915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125916,125806],{"class":114},[47,125918,125919],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125920,125921],{"class":114},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125923,125924,125925,8866,125928,125930],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125926,125927],{},"NameError",[15,125929,5270],{}," is not defined.",[20,125932,11073],{},[38,125934,125936],{"className":40,"code":125935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125937,125938,125950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125939,125940,125942,125944,125946,125948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125941,8140],{"class":53},[47,125943,58],{"class":57},[47,125945,644],{"class":632},[47,125947,5270],{"class":636},[47,125949,1609],{"class":632},[47,125951,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125953,103],{"class":102},[47,125955,106],{"class":61},[47,125957,7932],{"class":92},[47,125959,216],{"class":61},[1404,125961,125963],{"id":125962},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125965,125966],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,125968,125970],{"className":40,"code":125969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125971,125972,125976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125973,125974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125975,125806],{"class":114},[47,125977,125978],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,125979,125980],{"class":114},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125982,125983],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,125985,125987],{"className":40,"code":125986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125988,125989,126006,126019,126023,126033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997,125999,126001,126004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125992,125734],{"class":53},[47,125994,58],{"class":57},[47,125996,708],{"class":632},[47,125998,125839],{"class":636},[47,126000,125842],{"class":34720},[47,126002,126003],{"class":636},"s good",[47,126005,29965],{"class":632},[47,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126017],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126009,125748],{"class":53},[47,126011,58],{"class":57},[47,126013,644],{"class":632},[47,126015,126016],{"class":636},"It's good",[47,126018,1609],{"class":632},[47,126020,126021],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126022,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,126024,126025,126027,126029,126031],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,126026,103],{"class":102},[47,126028,106],{"class":61},[47,126030,125770],{"class":92},[47,126032,216],{"class":61},[47,126034,126035,126037,126039,126041],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,126036,103],{"class":102},[47,126038,106],{"class":61},[47,126040,125781],{"class":92},[47,126042,216],{"class":61},[1404,126044,126046],{"id":126045},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126048,126049],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,126051,126053],{"className":40,"code":126052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126054,126055,126067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126058,1600],{"class":53},[47,126060,58],{"class":57},[47,126062,125410],{"class":632},[47,126064,4118],{"class":636},[47,126066,43603],{"class":632},[47,126068,126069,126071,126073,126075],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126070,103],{"class":102},[47,126072,106],{"class":61},[47,126074,1614],{"class":92},[47,126076,216],{"class":61},[20,126078,126079],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,126081,126083],{"className":40,"code":126082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126084,126085,126097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126086,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126088,1600],{"class":53},[47,126090,58],{"class":57},[47,126092,644],{"class":632},[47,126094,4118],{"class":636},[47,126096,1609],{"class":632},[47,126098,126099,126101,126103,126105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126100,103],{"class":102},[47,126102,106],{"class":61},[47,126104,1614],{"class":92},[47,126106,216],{"class":61},[1404,126108,4845,126110,1233,126112,126114],{"id":126109},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126111,50515],{},[15,126113,50565],{}," are the same type",[20,126116,126117],{},"They are different:",[38,126119,126121],{"className":40,"code":126120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126122,126123,126132,126145,126149,126163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126124,126125,126128,126130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126126,126127],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,126129,58],{"class":57},[47,126131,125138],{"class":65},[47,126133,126134,126137,126139,126141,126143],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126135,126136],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,126138,58],{"class":57},[47,126140,644],{"class":632},[47,126142,50515],{"class":636},[47,126144,1609],{"class":632},[47,126146,126147],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126148,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,126150,126151,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,126152,103],{"class":102},[47,126154,106],{"class":61},[47,126156,1971],{"class":882},[47,126158,106],{"class":61},[47,126160,84871],{"class":92},[47,126162,1978],{"class":61},[47,126164,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126176],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,126166,103],{"class":102},[47,126168,106],{"class":61},[47,126170,1971],{"class":882},[47,126172,106],{"class":61},[47,126174,126175],{"class":92},"value2",[47,126177,1978],{"class":61},[20,126179,219],{},[38,126181,126183],{"className":40,"code":126182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126184,126185,126199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126186,126187,126189,126191,126193,126195,126197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126188,3568],{"class":57},[47,126190,3571],{"class":2348},[47,126192,708],{"class":632},[47,126194,2471],{"class":636},[47,126196,699],{"class":632},[47,126198,3580],{"class":57},[47,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126202,3568],{"class":57},[47,126204,3571],{"class":2348},[47,126206,708],{"class":632},[47,126208,883],{"class":636},[47,126210,699],{"class":632},[47,126212,3580],{"class":57},[1404,126214,126216],{"id":126215},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126218,126219],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,126221,126223],{"className":40,"code":126222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126224,126225,126229,126234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126226,126227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126228,125806],{"class":114},[47,126230,126231],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126232,126233],{"class":114},"# age = 10\n",[47,126235,126236],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126237,126238],{"class":114},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126240,126241,126242,136],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126243,47952],{},[38,126245,126247],{"className":40,"code":126246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126248,126249,126257,126279,126283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126250,126251,126253,126255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126252,21894],{"class":53},[47,126254,58],{"class":57},[47,126256,2867],{"class":65},[47,126258,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126260,90108],{"class":53},[47,126262,58],{"class":57},[47,126264,644],{"class":632},[47,126266,89526],{"class":636},[47,126268,633],{"class":632},[47,126270,2735],{"class":57},[47,126272,49173],{"class":882},[47,126274,106],{"class":61},[47,126276,9563],{"class":92},[47,126278,216],{"class":61},[47,126280,126281],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126282,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,126284,126285,126287,126289,126291],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,126286,103],{"class":102},[47,126288,106],{"class":61},[47,126290,90125],{"class":92},[47,126292,216],{"class":61},[20,126294,126295,126296,89],{},"For this specific error, see ",[252,126297,90507],{"href":90506},[1404,126299,1944],{"id":1943},[20,126301,126302],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,126304,126306],{"className":40,"code":126305,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126307,126308,126320,126324,126334,126348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126309,126310,126312,126314,126316,126318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126311,1600],{"class":53},[47,126313,58],{"class":57},[47,126315,644],{"class":632},[47,126317,4118],{"class":636},[47,126319,1609],{"class":632},[47,126321,126322],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126323,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,126325,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126327,103],{"class":102},[47,126329,106],{"class":61},[47,126331,1614],{"class":92},[47,126333,216],{"class":61},[47,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,126337,103],{"class":102},[47,126339,106],{"class":61},[47,126341,1971],{"class":882},[47,126343,106],{"class":61},[47,126345,1614],{"class":92},[47,126347,1978],{"class":61},[47,126349,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,126351,103],{"class":102},[47,126353,106],{"class":61},[47,126355,42045],{"class":102},[47,126357,106],{"class":61},[47,126359,1614],{"class":92},[47,126361,1978],{"class":61},[138,126363,126364,126369,126374],{},[141,126365,126366,46546],{},[15,126367,126368],{},"print(text)",[141,126370,126371,46551],{},[15,126372,126373],{},"print(type(text))",[141,126375,126376,126379],{},[15,126377,126378],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[33,126381,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,126383,126385],{"id":126384},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126387,126388,126389,3158,126392,89],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126390,126391],{},"'hello'",[15,126393,64794],{},[1404,126395,126397],{"id":126396},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126399,126400],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1404,126402,126404],{"id":126403},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126406,118,126407,3158,126409,89],{},[15,126408,6536],{},[15,126410,4046],{},[1404,126412,126414],{"id":126413},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126416,118,126417,126419,126420,126422,126423,89],{},[15,126418,47952],{},", like ",[15,126421,80481],{},", which returns ",[15,126424,42392],{},[1404,126426,126428],{"id":126427},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126430,126431],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[33,126433,2187],{"id":2186},[138,126435,126436,126440,126446,126451,126460,126464],{},[141,126437,126438],{},[252,126439,125211],{"href":51245},[141,126441,126442],{},[252,126443,1386,126444,3785],{"href":42441},[15,126445,47952],{},[141,126447,126448],{},[252,126449,126450],{"href":123381},"How to convert int to string in Python",[141,126452,126453],{},[252,126454,126456,126457,11006],{"href":126455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126458,126459],{},"format()",[141,126461,126462],{},[252,126463,125897],{"href":125896},[141,126465,126466],{},[252,126467,90507],{"href":90506},[2210,126469,126470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":126472},[126473,126474,126475,126476,126477,126478,126479,126480,126481,126490,126497],{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":125050,"depth":83,"text":125051},{"id":125214,"depth":83,"text":125215},{"id":125289,"depth":83,"text":125290},{"id":125389,"depth":83,"text":125390},{"id":125494,"depth":83,"text":125495},{"id":125672,"depth":83,"text":125673},{"id":125789,"depth":83,"text":125790},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":126482},[126483,126484,126485,126486,126488,126489],{"id":90314,"depth":99,"text":90315},{"id":125962,"depth":99,"text":125963},{"id":126045,"depth":99,"text":126046},{"id":126109,"depth":99,"text":126487},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126215,"depth":99,"text":126216},{"id":1943,"depth":99,"text":1944},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":126491},[126492,126493,126494,126495,126496],{"id":126384,"depth":99,"text":126385},{"id":126396,"depth":99,"text":126397},{"id":126403,"depth":99,"text":126404},{"id":126413,"depth":99,"text":126414},{"id":126427,"depth":99,"text":126428},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124912,"description":126498},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126505,"title":126506,"body":126507,"description":128421,"extension":2248,"meta":128422,"navigation":203,"path":128423,"seo":128424,"stem":128425,"__hash__":128426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126508,"toc":128382},[126509,126515,126520,126528,126530,126597,126599,126611,126620,126625,126629,126646,126648,126713,126715,126727,126732,126734,126762,126783,126786,126825,126827,126835,126839,126843,126847,126855,126858,126899,126901,126909,126912,126969,126971,126979,126983,126988,127032,127034,127042,127051,127055,127060,127108,127110,127118,127124,127126,127130,127142,127147,127226,127228,127248,127252,127256,127296,127298,127306,127310,127353,127355,127363,127367,127407,127409,127417,127421,127477,127479,127487,127493,127495,127499,127509,127576,127578,127591,127598,127641,127643,127651,127655,127658,127714,127716,127724,127727,127729,127806,127808,127816,127825,127827,127831,127835,127837,127859,127862,127909,127913,127952,127954,127962,127964,128006,128013,128018,128080,128082,128094,128100,128105,128154,128156,128175,128181,128183,128202,128204,128295,128297,128303,128310,128316,128322,128327,128336,128343,128351,128353,128379],[10,126510,123456,126512,18],{"id":126511},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126513,126514],{},"endswith()",[20,126516,123461,126517,126519],{},[15,126518,126514],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126521,126522,126523,3158,126525,126527],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126524,367],{},[15,126526,294],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[33,126529,36],{"id":35},[38,126531,126533],{"className":40,"code":126532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126534,126535,126549,126574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126536,126537,126540,126542,126544,126547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126538,126539],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,126541,58],{"class":57},[47,126543,644],{"class":632},[47,126545,126546],{"class":636},"report.csv",[47,126548,1609],{"class":632},[47,126550,126551,126553,126555,126558,126560,126563,126565,126567,126570,126572],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126552,103],{"class":102},[47,126554,106],{"class":61},[47,126556,126557],{"class":92},"filename",[47,126559,89],{"class":61},[47,126561,126562],{"class":92},"endswith",[47,126564,106],{"class":61},[47,126566,633],{"class":632},[47,126568,126569],{"class":636},".csv",[47,126571,633],{"class":632},[47,126573,1978],{"class":61},[47,126575,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126593,126595],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126577,103],{"class":102},[47,126579,106],{"class":61},[47,126581,126557],{"class":92},[47,126583,89],{"class":61},[47,126585,126562],{"class":92},[47,126587,106],{"class":61},[47,126589,633],{"class":632},[47,126591,126592],{"class":636},".txt",[47,126594,633],{"class":632},[47,126596,1978],{"class":61},[20,126598,219],{},[38,126600,126601],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126602,126603,126607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126604,126605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126606,4249],{"class":284},[47,126608,126609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126610,4310],{"class":284},[20,126612,118,126613,5636,126615,3158,126617,126619],{},[15,126614,126514],{},[15,126616,367],{},[15,126618,294],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[33,126621,128,126623,131],{"id":126622},"what-endswith-does",[15,126624,126514],{},[20,126626,126627,136],{},[15,126628,126514],{},[138,126630,126631,126634,126640,126643],{},[141,126632,126633],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[141,126635,149,126636,3158,126638],{},[15,126637,367],{},[15,126639,294],{},[141,126641,126642],{},"Does not change the original string",[141,126644,126645],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126647,318],{},[38,126649,126651],{"className":40,"code":126650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126652,126653,126665,126669,126691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126654,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126656,1600],{"class":53},[47,126658,58],{"class":57},[47,126660,644],{"class":632},[47,126662,60672],{"class":636},[47,126664,1609],{"class":632},[47,126666,126667],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126668,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,126670,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,126672,103],{"class":102},[47,126674,106],{"class":61},[47,126676,1614],{"class":92},[47,126678,89],{"class":61},[47,126680,126562],{"class":92},[47,126682,106],{"class":61},[47,126684,633],{"class":632},[47,126686,60855],{"class":636},[47,126688,633],{"class":632},[47,126690,1978],{"class":61},[47,126692,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,126694,103],{"class":102},[47,126696,106],{"class":61},[47,126698,1614],{"class":92},[47,126700,89],{"class":61},[47,126702,126562],{"class":92},[47,126704,106],{"class":61},[47,126706,633],{"class":632},[47,126708,4118],{"class":636},[47,126710,633],{"class":632},[47,126712,1978],{"class":61},[20,126714,219],{},[38,126716,126717],{"className":40,"code":44441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126718,126719,126723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126720,126721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126722,4249],{"class":284},[47,126724,126725],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126726,4310],{"class":284},[20,126728,126729,126730,89],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[252,126731,125211],{"href":51245},[33,126733,259],{"id":258},[38,126735,126737],{"className":40,"code":126736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126738,126739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126740,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126742,61436],{"class":53},[47,126744,89],{"class":61},[47,126746,126562],{"class":92},[47,126748,106],{"class":61},[47,126750,126751],{"class":92},"suffix",[47,126753,69],{"class":61},[47,126755,36318],{"class":92},[47,126757,69],{"class":61},[47,126759,65300],{"class":92},[47,126761,216],{"class":61},[138,126763,126764,126769,126776],{},[141,126765,126766,126768],{},[15,126767,126751],{}," is required",[141,126770,126771,1233,126773,126775],{},[15,126772,36339],{},[15,126774,52930],{}," are optional",[141,126777,126778,1233,126780,126782],{},[15,126779,36339],{},[15,126781,52930],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126784,126785],{},"Basic example:",[38,126787,126789],{"className":40,"code":126788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126790,126791,126803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126792,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126794,126539],{"class":53},[47,126796,58],{"class":57},[47,126798,644],{"class":632},[47,126800,86996],{"class":636},[47,126802,1609],{"class":632},[47,126804,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126806,103],{"class":102},[47,126808,106],{"class":61},[47,126810,126557],{"class":92},[47,126812,89],{"class":61},[47,126814,126562],{"class":92},[47,126816,106],{"class":61},[47,126818,633],{"class":632},[47,126820,126592],{"class":636},[47,126822,633],{"class":632},[47,126824,1978],{"class":61},[20,126826,219],{},[38,126828,126829],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126830,126831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126832,126833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126834,4249],{"class":284},[33,126836,126838],{"id":126837},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1404,126840,126841],{"id":126751},[15,126842,126751],{},[20,126844,126845,31016],{},[15,126846,126751],{},[138,126848,126849,126852],{},[141,126850,126851],{},"A single string",[141,126853,126854],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126856,126857],{},"Single suffix:",[38,126859,126861],{"className":40,"code":126860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126862,126863,126876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126864,126865,126867,126869,126871,126874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126866,8140],{"class":53},[47,126868,58],{"class":57},[47,126870,644],{"class":632},[47,126872,126873],{"class":636},"image.png",[47,126875,1609],{"class":632},[47,126877,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892,126895,126897],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126879,103],{"class":102},[47,126881,106],{"class":61},[47,126883,7932],{"class":92},[47,126885,89],{"class":61},[47,126887,126562],{"class":92},[47,126889,106],{"class":61},[47,126891,633],{"class":632},[47,126893,126894],{"class":636},".png",[47,126896,633],{"class":632},[47,126898,1978],{"class":61},[20,126900,219],{},[38,126902,126903],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126904,126905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126906,126907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126908,4249],{"class":284},[20,126910,126911],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,126913,126915],{"className":40,"code":126914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126916,126917,126929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126918,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126920,8140],{"class":53},[47,126922,58],{"class":57},[47,126924,644],{"class":632},[47,126926,126873],{"class":636},[47,126928,1609],{"class":632},[47,126930,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126965,126967],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,126932,103],{"class":102},[47,126934,106],{"class":61},[47,126936,7932],{"class":92},[47,126938,89],{"class":61},[47,126940,126562],{"class":92},[47,126942,5777],{"class":61},[47,126944,633],{"class":632},[47,126946,126947],{"class":636},".jpg",[47,126949,633],{"class":632},[47,126951,69],{"class":61},[47,126953,644],{"class":632},[47,126955,126894],{"class":636},[47,126957,633],{"class":632},[47,126959,69],{"class":61},[47,126961,644],{"class":632},[47,126963,126964],{"class":636},".gif",[47,126966,633],{"class":632},[47,126968,3192],{"class":61},[20,126970,219],{},[38,126972,126973],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126974,126975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126976,126977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126978,4249],{"class":284},[1404,126980,126981],{"id":36339},[15,126982,36339],{},[20,126984,126985,126987],{},[15,126986,36339],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,126989,126991],{"className":40,"code":126990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126992,126993,127006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126994,126995,126997,126999,127001,127004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126996,1600],{"class":53},[47,126998,58],{"class":57},[47,127000,644],{"class":632},[47,127002,127003],{"class":636},"my_report.csv",[47,127005,1609],{"class":632},[47,127007,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127009,103],{"class":102},[47,127011,106],{"class":61},[47,127013,1614],{"class":92},[47,127015,89],{"class":61},[47,127017,126562],{"class":92},[47,127019,106],{"class":61},[47,127021,633],{"class":632},[47,127023,126569],{"class":636},[47,127025,633],{"class":632},[47,127027,69],{"class":61},[47,127029,442],{"class":65},[47,127031,1978],{"class":61},[20,127033,219],{},[38,127035,127036],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127037,127038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127039,127040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127041,4249],{"class":284},[20,127043,127044,127045,127047,127048,89],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127046,66],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127049,127050],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1404,127052,127053],{"id":52930},[15,127054,52930],{},[20,127056,127057,127059],{},[15,127058,52930],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,127061,127063],{"className":40,"code":127062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127064,127065,127078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127066,127067,127069,127071,127073,127076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127068,1600],{"class":53},[47,127070,58],{"class":57},[47,127072,644],{"class":632},[47,127074,127075],{"class":636},"report.csv backup",[47,127077,1609],{"class":632},[47,127079,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127081,103],{"class":102},[47,127083,106],{"class":61},[47,127085,1614],{"class":92},[47,127087,89],{"class":61},[47,127089,126562],{"class":92},[47,127091,106],{"class":61},[47,127093,633],{"class":632},[47,127095,126569],{"class":636},[47,127097,633],{"class":632},[47,127099,69],{"class":61},[47,127101,4106],{"class":65},[47,127103,69],{"class":61},[47,127105,503],{"class":65},[47,127107,1978],{"class":61},[20,127109,219],{},[38,127111,127112],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127113,127114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127115,127116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127117,4249],{"class":284},[20,127119,127120,127121,127123],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127122,127050],{}," and ignores the rest.",[33,127125,17684],{"id":17683},[20,127127,127128,25773],{},[15,127129,126514],{},[138,127131,127132,127137],{},[141,127133,127134,127136],{},[15,127135,367],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[141,127138,127139,127141],{},[15,127140,294],{}," if it does not",[20,127143,127144,127145,7437],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127146,7262],{},[38,127148,127150],{"className":40,"code":127149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127151,127152,127165,127169,127190,127205,127211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127153,127154,127156,127158,127160,127163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127155,126539],{"class":53},[47,127157,58],{"class":57},[47,127159,644],{"class":632},[47,127161,127162],{"class":636},"data.csv",[47,127164,1609],{"class":632},[47,127166,127167],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127168,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,127170,127171,127173,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,127172,7262],{"class":2027},[47,127174,127175],{"class":53}," filename",[47,127177,89],{"class":61},[47,127179,126562],{"class":92},[47,127181,106],{"class":61},[47,127183,633],{"class":632},[47,127185,126569],{"class":636},[47,127187,633],{"class":632},[47,127189,8606],{"class":61},[47,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127201,127203],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,127193,8333],{"class":102},[47,127195,106],{"class":61},[47,127197,633],{"class":632},[47,127199,127200],{"class":636},"This is a CSV file.",[47,127202,633],{"class":632},[47,127204,216],{"class":61},[47,127206,127207,127209],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,127208,27698],{"class":2027},[47,127210,6657],{"class":61},[47,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127222,127224],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,127214,8333],{"class":102},[47,127216,106],{"class":61},[47,127218,633],{"class":632},[47,127220,127221],{"class":636},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,127223,633],{"class":632},[47,127225,216],{"class":61},[20,127227,219],{},[38,127229,127231],{"className":40,"code":127230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127232,127233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127234,127235,127237,127239,127241,127244,127246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127236,50148],{"class":53},[47,127238,12457],{"class":57},[47,127240,44812],{"class":53},[47,127242,127243],{"class":34720},"CSV",[47,127245,86737],{"class":86736},[47,127247,122488],{"class":61},[33,127249,127251],{"id":127250},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1404,127253,127255],{"id":127254},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,127257,127259],{"className":40,"code":127258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127260,127261,127274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127264,126539],{"class":53},[47,127266,58],{"class":57},[47,127268,644],{"class":632},[47,127270,127271],{"class":636},"sales.csv",[47,127273,1609],{"class":632},[47,127275,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127277,103],{"class":102},[47,127279,106],{"class":61},[47,127281,126557],{"class":92},[47,127283,89],{"class":61},[47,127285,126562],{"class":92},[47,127287,106],{"class":61},[47,127289,633],{"class":632},[47,127291,126569],{"class":636},[47,127293,633],{"class":632},[47,127295,1978],{"class":61},[20,127297,219],{},[38,127299,127300],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127301,127302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127303,127304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127305,4249],{"class":284},[1404,127307,127309],{"id":127308},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,127311,127313],{"className":40,"code":127312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127314,127315,127329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127316,127317,127320,127322,127324,127327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127318,127319],{"class":53},"url ",[47,127321,58],{"class":57},[47,127323,644],{"class":632},[47,127325,127326],{"class":636},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,127328,1609],{"class":632},[47,127330,127331,127333,127335,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127349,127351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127332,103],{"class":102},[47,127334,106],{"class":61},[47,127336,127337],{"class":92},"url",[47,127339,89],{"class":61},[47,127341,126562],{"class":92},[47,127343,106],{"class":61},[47,127345,633],{"class":632},[47,127347,127348],{"class":636},"\u002F",[47,127350,633],{"class":632},[47,127352,1978],{"class":61},[20,127354,219],{},[38,127356,127357],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127358,127359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127360,127361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127362,4249],{"class":284},[1404,127364,127366],{"id":127365},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,127368,127370],{"className":40,"code":127369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127371,127372,127385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127373,127374,127376,127378,127380,127383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127375,90108],{"class":53},[47,127377,58],{"class":57},[47,127379,644],{"class":632},[47,127381,127382],{"class":636},"Hello!",[47,127384,1609],{"class":632},[47,127386,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127388,103],{"class":102},[47,127390,106],{"class":61},[47,127392,90125],{"class":92},[47,127394,89],{"class":61},[47,127396,126562],{"class":92},[47,127398,106],{"class":61},[47,127400,633],{"class":632},[47,127402,89949],{"class":636},[47,127404,633],{"class":632},[47,127406,1978],{"class":61},[20,127408,219],{},[38,127410,127411],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127412,127413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127414,127415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127416,4249],{"class":284},[1404,127418,127420],{"id":127419},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,127422,127424],{"className":40,"code":127423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127425,127426,127439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127427,127428,127430,127432,127434,127437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127429,126539],{"class":53},[47,127431,58],{"class":57},[47,127433,644],{"class":632},[47,127435,127436],{"class":636},"photo.jpg",[47,127438,1609],{"class":632},[47,127440,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127442,103],{"class":102},[47,127444,106],{"class":61},[47,127446,126557],{"class":92},[47,127448,89],{"class":61},[47,127450,126562],{"class":92},[47,127452,5777],{"class":61},[47,127454,633],{"class":632},[47,127456,126947],{"class":636},[47,127458,633],{"class":632},[47,127460,69],{"class":61},[47,127462,644],{"class":632},[47,127464,126894],{"class":636},[47,127466,633],{"class":632},[47,127468,69],{"class":61},[47,127470,644],{"class":632},[47,127472,126964],{"class":636},[47,127474,633],{"class":632},[47,127476,3192],{"class":61},[20,127478,219],{},[38,127480,127481],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127482,127483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127484,127485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127486,4249],{"class":284},[20,127488,127489,127490,89],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[252,127491,127492],{"href":123711},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,127494,124103],{"id":124102},[20,127496,127497,123914],{},[15,127498,126514],{},[20,127500,127501,127502,1233,127505,127508],{},"That means ",[15,127503,127504],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127506,127507],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[38,127510,127512],{"className":40,"code":127511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127513,127514,127527,127531,127553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127517,126539],{"class":53},[47,127519,58],{"class":57},[47,127521,644],{"class":632},[47,127523,127524],{"class":636},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127526,1609],{"class":632},[47,127528,127529],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127530,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,127532,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,127534,103],{"class":102},[47,127536,106],{"class":61},[47,127538,126557],{"class":92},[47,127540,89],{"class":61},[47,127542,126562],{"class":92},[47,127544,106],{"class":61},[47,127546,633],{"class":632},[47,127548,126569],{"class":636},[47,127550,633],{"class":632},[47,127552,1978],{"class":61},[47,127554,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127572,127574],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,127556,103],{"class":102},[47,127558,106],{"class":61},[47,127560,126557],{"class":92},[47,127562,89],{"class":61},[47,127564,126562],{"class":92},[47,127566,106],{"class":61},[47,127568,633],{"class":632},[47,127570,127571],{"class":636},".CSV",[47,127573,633],{"class":632},[47,127575,1978],{"class":61},[20,127577,219],{},[38,127579,127581],{"className":40,"code":127580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127582,127583,127587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127584,127585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127586,4310],{"class":284},[47,127588,127589],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127590,4249],{"class":284},[20,127592,127593,127594,89],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[252,127595,127596],{"href":124183},[15,127597,124186],{},[38,127599,127601],{"className":40,"code":127600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127602,127603,127615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127604,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127606,126539],{"class":53},[47,127608,58],{"class":57},[47,127610,644],{"class":632},[47,127612,127524],{"class":636},[47,127614,1609],{"class":632},[47,127616,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127618,103],{"class":102},[47,127620,106],{"class":61},[47,127622,126557],{"class":92},[47,127624,89],{"class":61},[47,127626,889],{"class":92},[47,127628,8902],{"class":61},[47,127630,126562],{"class":92},[47,127632,106],{"class":61},[47,127634,633],{"class":632},[47,127636,126569],{"class":636},[47,127638,633],{"class":632},[47,127640,1978],{"class":61},[20,127642,219],{},[38,127644,127645],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127646,127647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127648,127649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127650,4249],{"class":284},[33,127652,127654],{"id":127653},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127656,127657],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,127659,127661],{"className":40,"code":127660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127662,127663,127676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127664,127665,127667,127669,127671,127674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127666,126539],{"class":53},[47,127668,58],{"class":57},[47,127670,644],{"class":632},[47,127672,127673],{"class":636},"picture.gif",[47,127675,1609],{"class":632},[47,127677,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127679,103],{"class":102},[47,127681,106],{"class":61},[47,127683,126557],{"class":92},[47,127685,89],{"class":61},[47,127687,126562],{"class":92},[47,127689,5777],{"class":61},[47,127691,633],{"class":632},[47,127693,126947],{"class":636},[47,127695,633],{"class":632},[47,127697,69],{"class":61},[47,127699,644],{"class":632},[47,127701,126894],{"class":636},[47,127703,633],{"class":632},[47,127705,69],{"class":61},[47,127707,644],{"class":632},[47,127709,126964],{"class":636},[47,127711,633],{"class":632},[47,127713,3192],{"class":61},[20,127715,219],{},[38,127717,127718],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127719,127720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127721,127722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127723,4249],{"class":284},[20,127725,127726],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127728,52349],{},[38,127730,127732],{"className":40,"code":127731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127733,127734,127747,127782,127786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127735,127736,127739,127741,127743,127745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127737,127738],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127740,58],{"class":57},[47,127742,644],{"class":632},[47,127744,86996],{"class":636},[47,127746,1609],{"class":632},[47,127748,127749,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127769,127771,127773,127775,127778,127780],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127750,127751],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,127753,58],{"class":57},[47,127755,9500],{"class":61},[47,127757,633],{"class":632},[47,127759,126592],{"class":636},[47,127761,633],{"class":632},[47,127763,69],{"class":61},[47,127765,644],{"class":632},[47,127767,127768],{"class":636},".md",[47,127770,633],{"class":632},[47,127772,69],{"class":61},[47,127774,644],{"class":632},[47,127776,127777],{"class":636},".docx",[47,127779,633],{"class":632},[47,127781,216],{"class":61},[47,127783,127784],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,127785,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,127787,127788,127790,127792,127795,127797,127799,127801,127804],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,127789,103],{"class":102},[47,127791,106],{"class":61},[47,127793,127794],{"class":92},"document",[47,127796,89],{"class":61},[47,127798,126562],{"class":92},[47,127800,106],{"class":61},[47,127802,127803],{"class":92},"allowed",[47,127805,1978],{"class":61},[20,127807,219],{},[38,127809,127810],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127811,127812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127813,127814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127815,4249],{"class":284},[20,127817,127818,127819,89],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[252,127820,126456,127822,11006],{"href":127821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127823,127824],{},"startswith()",[33,127826,1397],{"id":1396},[20,127828,8711,127829,89],{},[15,127830,126514],{},[1404,127832,127834],{"id":127833},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127836,4791],{},[38,127838,127840],{"className":40,"code":127839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127841,127842,127854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127843,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127845,126539],{"class":53},[47,127847,58],{"class":57},[47,127849,644],{"class":632},[47,127851,127436],{"class":636},[47,127853,1609],{"class":632},[47,127855,127856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127857,127858],{"class":114},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127860,127861],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,127863,127865],{"className":40,"code":127864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127866,127867,127879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127868,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127870,126539],{"class":53},[47,127872,58],{"class":57},[47,127874,644],{"class":632},[47,127876,127436],{"class":636},[47,127878,1609],{"class":632},[47,127880,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127882,103],{"class":102},[47,127884,106],{"class":61},[47,127886,126557],{"class":92},[47,127888,89],{"class":61},[47,127890,126562],{"class":92},[47,127892,5777],{"class":61},[47,127894,633],{"class":632},[47,127896,126947],{"class":636},[47,127898,633],{"class":632},[47,127900,69],{"class":61},[47,127902,644],{"class":632},[47,127904,126894],{"class":636},[47,127906,633],{"class":632},[47,127908,3192],{"class":61},[1404,127910,127912],{"id":127911},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,127914,127916],{"className":40,"code":127915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127917,127918,127930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127919,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127921,126539],{"class":53},[47,127923,58],{"class":57},[47,127925,644],{"class":632},[47,127927,127524],{"class":636},[47,127929,1609],{"class":632},[47,127931,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127933,103],{"class":102},[47,127935,106],{"class":61},[47,127937,126557],{"class":92},[47,127939,89],{"class":61},[47,127941,126562],{"class":92},[47,127943,106],{"class":61},[47,127945,633],{"class":632},[47,127947,126569],{"class":636},[47,127949,633],{"class":632},[47,127951,1978],{"class":61},[20,127953,219],{},[38,127955,127956],{"className":40,"code":4310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127957,127958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127959,127960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127961,4310],{"class":284},[20,127963,39526],{},[38,127965,127966],{"className":40,"code":127600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127967,127968,127980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127971,126539],{"class":53},[47,127973,58],{"class":57},[47,127975,644],{"class":632},[47,127977,127524],{"class":636},[47,127979,1609],{"class":632},[47,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,127983,103],{"class":102},[47,127985,106],{"class":61},[47,127987,126557],{"class":92},[47,127989,89],{"class":61},[47,127991,889],{"class":92},[47,127993,8902],{"class":61},[47,127995,126562],{"class":92},[47,127997,106],{"class":61},[47,127999,633],{"class":632},[47,128001,126569],{"class":636},[47,128003,633],{"class":632},[47,128005,1978],{"class":61},[1404,128007,37468,128009,8968,128011],{"id":128008},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128010,126514],{},[15,128012,2034],{},[20,128014,128015,128017],{},[15,128016,126514],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,128019,128021],{"className":40,"code":128020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128022,128023,128036,128040,128062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128024,128025,128027,128029,128031,128034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128026,1600],{"class":53},[47,128028,58],{"class":57},[47,128030,644],{"class":632},[47,128032,128033],{"class":636},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,128035,1609],{"class":632},[47,128037,128038],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128039,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128043,103],{"class":102},[47,128045,106],{"class":61},[47,128047,1614],{"class":92},[47,128049,89],{"class":61},[47,128051,126562],{"class":92},[47,128053,106],{"class":61},[47,128055,633],{"class":632},[47,128057,126569],{"class":636},[47,128059,633],{"class":632},[47,128061,1978],{"class":61},[47,128063,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128065,103],{"class":102},[47,128067,106],{"class":61},[47,128069,633],{"class":632},[47,128071,126569],{"class":636},[47,128073,633],{"class":632},[47,128075,21439],{"class":2027},[47,128077,43108],{"class":92},[47,128079,216],{"class":61},[20,128081,219],{},[38,128083,128084],{"className":40,"code":127580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,128085,128086,128090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128087,128088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128089,4310],{"class":284},[47,128091,128092],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128093,4249],{"class":284},[1404,128095,8717,128097,128099],{"id":128096},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128098,126514],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128101,128102,128104],{},[15,128103,126514],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,128106,128108],{"className":40,"code":128107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128109,128110,128122,128144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128111,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128113,126539],{"class":53},[47,128115,58],{"class":57},[47,128117,644],{"class":632},[47,128119,126546],{"class":636},[47,128121,1609],{"class":632},[47,128123,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128125,103],{"class":102},[47,128127,106],{"class":61},[47,128129,126557],{"class":92},[47,128131,89],{"class":61},[47,128133,126562],{"class":92},[47,128135,106],{"class":61},[47,128137,633],{"class":632},[47,128139,126569],{"class":636},[47,128141,633],{"class":632},[47,128143,1978],{"class":61},[47,128145,128146,128148,128150,128152],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128147,103],{"class":102},[47,128149,106],{"class":61},[47,128151,126557],{"class":92},[47,128153,216],{"class":61},[20,128155,219],{},[38,128157,128159],{"className":40,"code":128158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128160,128161,128165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128162,128163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128164,4249],{"class":284},[47,128166,128167,128170,128172],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128168,128169],{"class":53},"report",[47,128171,89],{"class":61},[47,128173,128174],{"class":888},"csv\n",[20,128176,128177,128178,89],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[252,128179,128180],{"href":124624},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128182,66323],{},[138,128184,128185,128188,128191,128194],{},[141,128186,128187],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[141,128189,128190],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[141,128192,128193],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[141,128195,8681,128196,44897,128198,3158,128200,111653],{},[15,128197,126514],{},[15,128199,124627],{},[15,128201,41919],{},[20,128203,30401],{},[38,128205,128207],{"className":40,"code":128206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128208,128209,128219,128233,128255,128281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128210,128211,128213,128215,128217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128212,103],{"class":102},[47,128214,106],{"class":61},[47,128216,1614],{"class":92},[47,128218,216],{"class":61},[47,128220,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128222,103],{"class":102},[47,128224,106],{"class":61},[47,128226,42045],{"class":102},[47,128228,106],{"class":61},[47,128230,1614],{"class":92},[47,128232,1978],{"class":61},[47,128234,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128236,103],{"class":102},[47,128238,106],{"class":61},[47,128240,1614],{"class":92},[47,128242,89],{"class":61},[47,128244,126562],{"class":92},[47,128246,106],{"class":61},[47,128248,699],{"class":632},[47,128250,126569],{"class":636},[47,128252,699],{"class":632},[47,128254,1978],{"class":61},[47,128256,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128258,103],{"class":102},[47,128260,106],{"class":61},[47,128262,1614],{"class":92},[47,128264,89],{"class":61},[47,128266,889],{"class":92},[47,128268,8902],{"class":61},[47,128270,126562],{"class":92},[47,128272,106],{"class":61},[47,128274,699],{"class":632},[47,128276,126569],{"class":636},[47,128278,699],{"class":632},[47,128280,1978],{"class":61},[47,128282,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,128284,103],{"class":102},[47,128286,106],{"class":61},[47,128288,1971],{"class":882},[47,128290,106],{"class":61},[47,128292,1614],{"class":92},[47,128294,1978],{"class":61},[33,128296,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,128298,2082,128300,128302],{"id":128299},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128301,126514],{}," change the string?",[20,128304,128305,128306,3158,128308,89],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128307,367],{},[15,128309,294],{},[1404,128311,5436,128313,128315],{"id":128312},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128314,126514],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128317,128318,128319,89],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128320,128321],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1404,128323,15167,128325,124792],{"id":128324},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128326,126514],{},[20,128328,128329,128330,3158,128332,128335],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128331,124186],{},[15,128333,128334],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1404,128337,2094,128339,1233,128341,2099],{"id":128338},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128340,126514],{},[15,128342,124451],{},[20,128344,128345,128347,128348,128350],{},[15,128346,126514],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128349,124451],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[33,128352,2187],{"id":2186},[138,128354,128355,128361,128367,128371,128375],{},[141,128356,128357],{},[252,128358,126456,128359,11006],{"href":127821},[15,128360,127824],{},[141,128362,128363],{},[252,128364,126456,128365,11006],{"href":124183},[15,128366,124186],{},[141,128368,128369],{},[252,128370,124855],{"href":123711},[141,128372,128373],{},[252,128374,124862],{"href":124624},[141,128376,128377],{},[252,128378,125211],{"href":51245},[2210,128380,128381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":128383},[128384,128385,128387,128388,128393,128394,128400,128401,128402,128410,128420],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":126622,"depth":83,"text":128386},"What endswith() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":126837,"depth":83,"text":126838,"children":128389},[128390,128391,128392],{"id":126751,"depth":99,"text":126751},{"id":36339,"depth":99,"text":36339},{"id":52930,"depth":99,"text":52930},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":127250,"depth":83,"text":127251,"children":128395},[128396,128397,128398,128399],{"id":127254,"depth":99,"text":127255},{"id":127308,"depth":99,"text":127309},{"id":127365,"depth":99,"text":127366},{"id":127419,"depth":99,"text":127420},{"id":124102,"depth":83,"text":124103},{"id":127653,"depth":83,"text":127654},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":128403},[128404,128405,128406,128408],{"id":127833,"depth":99,"text":127834},{"id":127911,"depth":99,"text":127912},{"id":128008,"depth":99,"text":128407},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128096,"depth":99,"text":128409},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":128411},[128412,128414,128416,128418],{"id":128299,"depth":99,"text":128413},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128312,"depth":99,"text":128415},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128324,"depth":99,"text":128417},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128338,"depth":99,"text":128419},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126506,"description":128421},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128428,"title":128429,"body":128430,"description":130098,"extension":2248,"meta":130099,"navigation":203,"path":130100,"seo":130101,"stem":130102,"__hash__":130103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128431,"toc":130071},[128432,128437,128442,128447,128452,128545,128555,128560,128565,128580,128582,128664,128672,128674,128676,128703,128705,128721,128728,128730,128838,128840,128845,128861,128863,128958,128966,128969,128975,128980,128985,128992,129131,129134,129147,129149,129153,129160,129230,129233,129282,129289,129296,129310,129315,129320,129366,129412,129428,129430,129435,129449,129452,129574,129579,129581,129586,129619,129622,129698,129700,129709,129723,129726,129810,129813,129924,129927,129955,129957,129964,129968,129974,129977,129983,129986,129993,130004,130010,130017,130019,130068],[10,128433,123456,128435,18],{"id":128434},"python-string-find-method",[15,128436,124451],{},[20,128438,123461,128439,128441],{},[15,128440,124451],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128443,128444,128445,89],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128446,66114],{},[20,128448,118,128449,128451],{},[15,128450,124451],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,128453,128455],{"className":40,"code":128454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128456,128457,128469,128492,128505,128509,128532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128458,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128460,1600],{"class":53},[47,128462,58],{"class":57},[47,128464,644],{"class":632},[47,128466,60672],{"class":636},[47,128468,1609],{"class":632},[47,128470,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128472,65179],{"class":53},[47,128474,58],{"class":57},[47,128476,43108],{"class":53},[47,128478,89],{"class":61},[47,128480,128481],{"class":92},"find",[47,128483,106],{"class":61},[47,128485,633],{"class":632},[47,128487,60855],{"class":636},[47,128489,633],{"class":632},[47,128491,216],{"class":61},[47,128493,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128495,103],{"class":102},[47,128497,106],{"class":61},[47,128499,65206],{"class":92},[47,128501,111],{"class":61},[47,128503,128504],{"class":114},"   # 6\n",[47,128506,128507],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128508,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,128510,128511,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,128512,128513],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128515,58],{"class":57},[47,128517,43108],{"class":53},[47,128519,89],{"class":61},[47,128521,128481],{"class":92},[47,128523,106],{"class":61},[47,128525,633],{"class":632},[47,128527,42],{"class":636},[47,128529,633],{"class":632},[47,128531,216],{"class":61},[47,128533,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,128535,103],{"class":102},[47,128537,106],{"class":61},[47,128539,27037],{"class":92},[47,128541,111],{"class":61},[47,128543,128544],{"class":114},"    # -1\n",[43847,128546,128547],{},[20,128548,118,128549,128551,128552,128554],{},[15,128550,124451],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128553,66114],{}," if the substring is not found.",[33,128556,128,128558,131],{"id":128557},"what-find-does",[15,128559,124451],{},[20,128561,128562,128564],{},[15,128563,124451],{}," is a string method that:",[138,128566,128567,128570,128573,128578],{},[141,128568,128569],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[141,128571,128572],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[141,128574,149,128575,128577],{},[15,128576,66114],{}," if no match is found",[141,128579,126642],{},[20,128581,318],{},[38,128583,128585],{"className":40,"code":128584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128586,128587,128599,128603,128627,128651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128588,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128590,1600],{"class":53},[47,128592,58],{"class":57},[47,128594,644],{"class":632},[47,128596,637],{"class":636},[47,128598,1609],{"class":632},[47,128600,128601],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128602,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128606,103],{"class":102},[47,128608,106],{"class":61},[47,128610,1614],{"class":92},[47,128612,89],{"class":61},[47,128614,128481],{"class":92},[47,128616,106],{"class":61},[47,128618,633],{"class":632},[47,128620,123549],{"class":636},[47,128622,633],{"class":632},[47,128624,5628],{"class":61},[47,128626,57911],{"class":114},[47,128628,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128630,103],{"class":102},[47,128632,106],{"class":61},[47,128634,1614],{"class":92},[47,128636,89],{"class":61},[47,128638,128481],{"class":92},[47,128640,106],{"class":61},[47,128642,633],{"class":632},[47,128644,2456],{"class":636},[47,128646,633],{"class":632},[47,128648,5628],{"class":61},[47,128650,128544],{"class":114},[47,128652,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,128654,103],{"class":102},[47,128656,106],{"class":61},[47,128658,1614],{"class":92},[47,128660,111],{"class":61},[47,128662,128663],{"class":114},"              # banana\n",[20,128665,21036,128666,128669,128670,89],{},[15,128667,128668],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128671,2340],{},[33,128673,259],{"id":258},[20,128675,2442],{},[38,128677,128679],{"className":40,"code":128678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128680,128681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128684,61436],{"class":53},[47,128686,89],{"class":61},[47,128688,128481],{"class":92},[47,128690,106],{"class":61},[47,128692,2753],{"class":92},[47,128694,69],{"class":61},[47,128696,36318],{"class":92},[47,128698,69],{"class":61},[47,128700,65300],{"class":92},[47,128702,216],{"class":61},[1404,128704,17660],{"id":17659},[138,128706,128707,128711,128716],{},[141,128708,128709,123648],{},[15,128710,2753],{},[141,128712,128713,128715],{},[15,128714,36339],{},": optional starting position",[141,128717,128718,128720],{},[15,128719,52930],{},": optional ending position",[20,128722,128723,1233,128725,128727],{},[15,128724,36339],{},[15,128726,52930],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128729,126785],{},[38,128731,128733],{"className":40,"code":128732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128734,128735,128747,128751,128776,128805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128736,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128738,1600],{"class":53},[47,128740,58],{"class":57},[47,128742,644],{"class":632},[47,128744,60672],{"class":636},[47,128746,1609],{"class":632},[47,128748,128749],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128750,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,128752,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128754,103],{"class":102},[47,128756,106],{"class":61},[47,128758,1614],{"class":92},[47,128760,89],{"class":61},[47,128762,128481],{"class":92},[47,128764,106],{"class":61},[47,128766,633],{"class":632},[47,128768,1713],{"class":636},[47,128770,633],{"class":632},[47,128772,5628],{"class":61},[47,128774,128775],{"class":114},"        # 4\n",[47,128777,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128779,103],{"class":102},[47,128781,106],{"class":61},[47,128783,1614],{"class":92},[47,128785,89],{"class":61},[47,128787,128481],{"class":92},[47,128789,106],{"class":61},[47,128791,633],{"class":632},[47,128793,1713],{"class":636},[47,128795,633],{"class":632},[47,128797,69],{"class":61},[47,128799,241],{"class":65},[47,128801,5628],{"class":61},[47,128803,128804],{"class":114},"     # 7\n",[47,128806,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,128808,103],{"class":102},[47,128810,106],{"class":61},[47,128812,1614],{"class":92},[47,128814,89],{"class":61},[47,128816,128481],{"class":92},[47,128818,106],{"class":61},[47,128820,633],{"class":632},[47,128822,1713],{"class":636},[47,128824,633],{"class":632},[47,128826,69],{"class":61},[47,128828,241],{"class":65},[47,128830,69],{"class":61},[47,128832,343],{"class":65},[47,128834,5628],{"class":61},[47,128836,128837],{"class":114},"  # -1\n",[33,128839,38285],{"id":38284},[20,128841,57810,128842,128844],{},[15,128843,124451],{}," is always an integer.",[138,128846,128847,128853,128856],{},[141,128848,128849,128850,128852],{},"A number ",[15,128851,2403],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[141,128854,128855],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[141,128857,128858,128860],{},[15,128859,66114],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128862,318],{},[38,128864,128866],{"className":40,"code":128865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128867,128868,128880,128884,128909,128934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128869,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128871,1600],{"class":53},[47,128873,58],{"class":57},[47,128875,644],{"class":632},[47,128877,42],{"class":636},[47,128879,1609],{"class":632},[47,128881,128882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,128883,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,128885,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128903,128905,128907],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,128887,103],{"class":102},[47,128889,106],{"class":61},[47,128891,1614],{"class":92},[47,128893,89],{"class":61},[47,128895,128481],{"class":92},[47,128897,106],{"class":61},[47,128899,633],{"class":632},[47,128901,128902],{"class":636},"py",[47,128904,633],{"class":632},[47,128906,5628],{"class":61},[47,128908,21033],{"class":114},[47,128910,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128928,128930,128932],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,128912,103],{"class":102},[47,128914,106],{"class":61},[47,128916,1614],{"class":92},[47,128918,89],{"class":61},[47,128920,128481],{"class":92},[47,128922,106],{"class":61},[47,128924,633],{"class":632},[47,128926,128927],{"class":636},"th",[47,128929,633],{"class":632},[47,128931,5628],{"class":61},[47,128933,57911],{"class":114},[47,128935,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,128937,103],{"class":102},[47,128939,106],{"class":61},[47,128941,1614],{"class":92},[47,128943,89],{"class":61},[47,128945,128481],{"class":92},[47,128947,106],{"class":61},[47,128949,633],{"class":632},[47,128951,22343],{"class":636},[47,128953,633],{"class":632},[47,128955,5628],{"class":61},[47,128957,128544],{"class":114},[20,128959,90011,128960,8720,128962,3158,128964,89],{},[15,128961,124451],{},[15,128963,367],{},[15,128965,294],{},[20,128967,128968],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[33,128970,8681,128971,1233,128973],{"id":65666},[15,128972,36339],{},[15,128974,52930],{},[20,128976,118,128977,128979],{},[15,128978,36339],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128981,118,128982,128984],{},[15,128983,52930],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128986,956,128987,75714,128989,128991],{},[15,128988,52930],{},[4015,128990,65329],{}," in the search.",[38,128993,128995],{"className":40,"code":128994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128996,128997,129010,129014,129038,129067,129099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129000,1600],{"class":53},[47,129002,58],{"class":57},[47,129004,644],{"class":632},[47,129006,129007],{"class":636},"one two three two",[47,129009,1609],{"class":632},[47,129011,129012],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129013,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129015,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129017,103],{"class":102},[47,129019,106],{"class":61},[47,129021,1614],{"class":92},[47,129023,89],{"class":61},[47,129025,128481],{"class":92},[47,129027,106],{"class":61},[47,129029,633],{"class":632},[47,129031,1549],{"class":636},[47,129033,633],{"class":632},[47,129035,5628],{"class":61},[47,129037,128775],{"class":114},[47,129039,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129041,103],{"class":102},[47,129043,106],{"class":61},[47,129045,1614],{"class":92},[47,129047,89],{"class":61},[47,129049,128481],{"class":92},[47,129051,106],{"class":61},[47,129053,633],{"class":632},[47,129055,1549],{"class":636},[47,129057,633],{"class":632},[47,129059,69],{"class":61},[47,129061,241],{"class":65},[47,129063,5628],{"class":61},[47,129065,129066],{"class":114},"     # 14\n",[47,129068,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,129070,103],{"class":102},[47,129072,106],{"class":61},[47,129074,1614],{"class":92},[47,129076,89],{"class":61},[47,129078,128481],{"class":92},[47,129080,106],{"class":61},[47,129082,633],{"class":632},[47,129084,1549],{"class":636},[47,129086,633],{"class":632},[47,129088,69],{"class":61},[47,129090,4106],{"class":65},[47,129092,69],{"class":61},[47,129094,343],{"class":65},[47,129096,5628],{"class":61},[47,129098,51205],{"class":114},[47,129100,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,129102,103],{"class":102},[47,129104,106],{"class":61},[47,129106,1614],{"class":92},[47,129108,89],{"class":61},[47,129110,128481],{"class":92},[47,129112,106],{"class":61},[47,129114,633],{"class":632},[47,129116,1549],{"class":636},[47,129118,633],{"class":632},[47,129120,69],{"class":61},[47,129122,4106],{"class":65},[47,129124,69],{"class":61},[47,129126,402],{"class":65},[47,129128,5628],{"class":61},[47,129130,128837],{"class":114},[20,129132,129133],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129135,129136,129137,55336,129141,89],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[252,129138,129140],{"href":129139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[252,129142,129144,129146],{"href":129143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129145,60795],{}," string method",[33,129148,124103],{"id":124102},[20,129150,129151,123914],{},[15,129152,124451],{},[20,129154,127501,129155,1233,129157,129159],{},[15,129156,90519],{},[15,129158,64794],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,129161,129163],{"className":40,"code":129162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129164,129165,129178,129182,129206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129166,129167,129169,129171,129173,129176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129168,1600],{"class":53},[47,129170,58],{"class":57},[47,129172,644],{"class":632},[47,129174,129175],{"class":636},"Hello World",[47,129177,1609],{"class":632},[47,129179,129180],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129181,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129185,103],{"class":102},[47,129187,106],{"class":61},[47,129189,1614],{"class":92},[47,129191,89],{"class":61},[47,129193,128481],{"class":92},[47,129195,106],{"class":61},[47,129197,633],{"class":632},[47,129199,35132],{"class":636},[47,129201,633],{"class":632},[47,129203,5628],{"class":61},[47,129205,51516],{"class":114},[47,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129209,103],{"class":102},[47,129211,106],{"class":61},[47,129213,1614],{"class":92},[47,129215,89],{"class":61},[47,129217,128481],{"class":92},[47,129219,106],{"class":61},[47,129221,633],{"class":632},[47,129223,4118],{"class":636},[47,129225,633],{"class":632},[47,129227,5628],{"class":61},[47,129229,128837],{"class":114},[20,129231,129232],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,129234,129236],{"className":40,"code":129235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129237,129238,129250,129254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129239,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129241,1600],{"class":53},[47,129243,58],{"class":57},[47,129245,644],{"class":632},[47,129247,129175],{"class":636},[47,129249,1609],{"class":632},[47,129251,129252],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129253,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129255,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129257,103],{"class":102},[47,129259,106],{"class":61},[47,129261,1614],{"class":92},[47,129263,89],{"class":61},[47,129265,889],{"class":92},[47,129267,8902],{"class":61},[47,129269,128481],{"class":92},[47,129271,106],{"class":61},[47,129273,633],{"class":632},[47,129275,4118],{"class":636},[47,129277,633],{"class":632},[47,129279,5628],{"class":61},[47,129281,51516],{"class":114},[33,129283,129285,1225,129287],{"id":129284},"find-vs-index",[15,129286,124451],{},[15,129288,59233],{},[20,129290,129291,1233,129293,129295],{},[15,129292,124451],{},[15,129294,59233],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[138,129297,129298,129304],{},[141,129299,129300,2057,129302],{},[15,129301,124451],{},[15,129303,66114],{},[141,129305,129306,52764,129308],{},[15,129307,59233],{},[15,129309,40969],{},[20,129311,118,129312,129314],{},[15,129313,124451],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129316,118,129317,129319],{},[15,129318,59233],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,129321,129323],{"className":40,"code":129322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129324,129325,129337,129341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129326,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129328,1600],{"class":53},[47,129330,58],{"class":57},[47,129332,644],{"class":632},[47,129334,4118],{"class":636},[47,129336,1609],{"class":632},[47,129338,129339],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129340,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129342,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129344,103],{"class":102},[47,129346,106],{"class":61},[47,129348,1614],{"class":92},[47,129350,89],{"class":61},[47,129352,128481],{"class":92},[47,129354,106],{"class":61},[47,129356,633],{"class":632},[47,129358,2456],{"class":636},[47,129360,633],{"class":632},[47,129362,5628],{"class":61},[47,129364,129365],{"class":114},"   # -1\n",[38,129367,129369],{"className":40,"code":129368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129370,129371,129383,129387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129372,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129374,1600],{"class":53},[47,129376,58],{"class":57},[47,129378,644],{"class":632},[47,129380,4118],{"class":636},[47,129382,1609],{"class":632},[47,129384,129385],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129386,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129388,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129390,103],{"class":102},[47,129392,106],{"class":61},[47,129394,1614],{"class":92},[47,129396,89],{"class":61},[47,129398,36112],{"class":92},[47,129400,106],{"class":61},[47,129402,633],{"class":632},[47,129404,2456],{"class":636},[47,129406,633],{"class":632},[47,129408,5628],{"class":61},[47,129410,129411],{"class":114},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129413,129414,129415,129419,129420,129422,129423,89],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[252,129416,129417,129146],{"href":124476},[15,129418,59233],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129421,59233],{},", read ",[252,129424,25944,129425],{"href":73741},[15,129426,129427],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[33,129429,41311],{"id":41310},[20,129431,35671,129432,129434],{},[15,129433,124451],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[138,129436,129437,129440,129443,129446],{},[141,129438,129439],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[141,129441,129442],{},"Get the position of a word",[141,129444,129445],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[141,129447,129448],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129450,129451],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,129453,129455],{"className":40,"code":129454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129456,129457,129470,129493,129497,129512,129528,129547,129561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129458,129459,129461,129463,129465,129468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129460,1600],{"class":53},[47,129462,58],{"class":57},[47,129464,644],{"class":632},[47,129466,129467],{"class":636},"name:Alice",[47,129469,1609],{"class":632},[47,129471,129472,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129473,129474],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129476,58],{"class":57},[47,129478,43108],{"class":53},[47,129480,89],{"class":61},[47,129482,128481],{"class":92},[47,129484,106],{"class":61},[47,129486,633],{"class":632},[47,129488,136],{"class":636},[47,129490,633],{"class":632},[47,129492,216],{"class":61},[47,129494,129495],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129496,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129498,129499,129501,129504,129506,129508,129510],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129500,7262],{"class":2027},[47,129502,129503],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129505,72851],{"class":57},[47,129507,2505],{"class":57},[47,129509,232],{"class":65},[47,129511,6657],{"class":61},[47,129513,129514,129517,129519,129521,129523,129526],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,129515,129516],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129518,58],{"class":57},[47,129520,43108],{"class":53},[47,129522,75787],{"class":61},[47,129524,129525],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129527,80],{"class":61},[47,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,129531,27665],{"class":53},[47,129533,58],{"class":57},[47,129535,43108],{"class":53},[47,129537,229],{"class":61},[47,129539,129474],{"class":53},[47,129541,2343],{"class":57},[47,129543,72],{"class":65},[47,129545,129546],{"class":61},":]\n",[47,129548,129549,129551,129553,129556,129558],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,129550,8333],{"class":102},[47,129552,106],{"class":61},[47,129554,129555],{"class":92},"label",[47,129557,111],{"class":61},[47,129559,129560],{"class":114},"  # name\n",[47,129562,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,129564,8333],{"class":102},[47,129566,106],{"class":61},[47,129568,2753],{"class":92},[47,129570,111],{"class":61},[47,129572,129573],{"class":114},"  # Alice\n",[20,129575,129576,129577,89],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[252,129578,127492],{"href":123711},[33,129580,1397],{"id":1396},[20,129582,129583,129584,136],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129585,124451],{},[138,129587,129588,129597,129603,129608,129614],{},[141,129589,8717,129590,8720,129592,3158,129594,129596],{},[15,129591,124451],{},[15,129593,367],{},[15,129595,294],{}," instead of an index",[141,129598,129599,129600,129602],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129601,66114],{}," when the substring is missing",[141,129604,8681,129605,129607],{},[15,129606,124451],{}," without handling case differences",[141,129609,37468,129610,8968,129612],{},[15,129611,124451],{},[15,129613,59233],{},[141,129615,4845,129616,129618],{},[15,129617,124451],{}," changes the string",[20,129620,129621],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,129623,129625],{"className":40,"code":129624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129626,129627,129639,129643,129663,129678,129684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129630,1600],{"class":53},[47,129632,58],{"class":57},[47,129634,644],{"class":632},[47,129636,4118],{"class":636},[47,129638,1609],{"class":632},[47,129640,129641],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129642,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129644,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129646,7262],{"class":2027},[47,129648,43108],{"class":53},[47,129650,89],{"class":61},[47,129652,128481],{"class":92},[47,129654,106],{"class":61},[47,129656,633],{"class":632},[47,129658,1695],{"class":636},[47,129660,633],{"class":632},[47,129662,8606],{"class":61},[47,129664,129665,129667,129669,129671,129674,129676],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129666,8333],{"class":102},[47,129668,106],{"class":61},[47,129670,633],{"class":632},[47,129672,129673],{"class":636},"Found",[47,129675,633],{"class":632},[47,129677,216],{"class":61},[47,129679,129680,129682],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,129681,27698],{"class":2027},[47,129683,6657],{"class":61},[47,129685,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,129687,8333],{"class":102},[47,129689,106],{"class":61},[47,129691,633],{"class":632},[47,129693,26579],{"class":636},[47,129695,633],{"class":632},[47,129697,216],{"class":61},[20,129699,100017],{},[38,129701,129703],{"className":40,"code":129702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,129704,129705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129706,129707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129708,129702],{"class":53},[20,129710,45971,129711,129714,129715,17337,129717,129719,129720,129722],{},[15,129712,129713],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129716,2403],{},[15,129718,2403],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129721,7262],{}," statement.",[20,129724,129725],{},"A safer version is:",[38,129727,129729],{"className":40,"code":129728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129730,129731,129743,129747,129776,129790,129796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129732,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129734,1600],{"class":53},[47,129736,58],{"class":57},[47,129738,644],{"class":632},[47,129740,4118],{"class":636},[47,129742,1609],{"class":632},[47,129744,129745],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129746,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,129748,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129770,129772,129774],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129750,7262],{"class":2027},[47,129752,43108],{"class":53},[47,129754,89],{"class":61},[47,129756,128481],{"class":92},[47,129758,106],{"class":61},[47,129760,633],{"class":632},[47,129762,1695],{"class":636},[47,129764,633],{"class":632},[47,129766,111],{"class":61},[47,129768,129769],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129771,2505],{"class":57},[47,129773,232],{"class":65},[47,129775,6657],{"class":61},[47,129777,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129779,8333],{"class":102},[47,129781,106],{"class":61},[47,129783,633],{"class":632},[47,129785,129673],{"class":636},[47,129787,633],{"class":632},[47,129789,216],{"class":61},[47,129791,129792,129794],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,129793,27698],{"class":2027},[47,129795,6657],{"class":61},[47,129797,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,129799,8333],{"class":102},[47,129801,106],{"class":61},[47,129803,633],{"class":632},[47,129805,26579],{"class":636},[47,129807,633],{"class":632},[47,129809,216],{"class":61},[20,129811,129812],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,129814,129816],{"className":40,"code":129815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129817,129818,129840,129854,129880,129894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129819,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129821,103],{"class":102},[47,129823,106],{"class":61},[47,129825,1614],{"class":92},[47,129827,89],{"class":61},[47,129829,128481],{"class":92},[47,129831,106],{"class":61},[47,129833,699],{"class":632},[47,129835,38655],{"class":636},[47,129837,699],{"class":632},[47,129839,1978],{"class":61},[47,129841,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,129843,103],{"class":102},[47,129845,106],{"class":61},[47,129847,42045],{"class":102},[47,129849,106],{"class":61},[47,129851,1614],{"class":92},[47,129853,1978],{"class":61},[47,129855,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,129857,103],{"class":102},[47,129859,106],{"class":61},[47,129861,1614],{"class":92},[47,129863,89],{"class":61},[47,129865,889],{"class":92},[47,129867,8902],{"class":61},[47,129869,128481],{"class":92},[47,129871,106],{"class":61},[47,129873,699],{"class":632},[47,129875,38655],{"class":636},[47,129877,699],{"class":632},[47,129879,1978],{"class":61},[47,129881,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,129883,103],{"class":102},[47,129885,106],{"class":61},[47,129887,969],{"class":102},[47,129889,106],{"class":61},[47,129891,1614],{"class":92},[47,129893,1978],{"class":61},[47,129895,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,129897,103],{"class":102},[47,129899,106],{"class":61},[47,129901,1614],{"class":92},[47,129903,89],{"class":61},[47,129905,128481],{"class":92},[47,129907,106],{"class":61},[47,129909,699],{"class":632},[47,129911,38655],{"class":636},[47,129913,699],{"class":632},[47,129915,69],{"class":61},[47,129917,36318],{"class":92},[47,129919,69],{"class":61},[47,129921,65300],{"class":92},[47,129923,1978],{"class":61},[20,129925,129926],{},"These help you check:",[138,129928,129929,129934,129939,129944,129947],{},[141,129930,129931,129932],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129933,124451],{},[141,129935,129936,129937],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129938,122670],{},[141,129940,129941,129942],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129943,124186],{},[141,129945,129946],{},"The string length",[141,129948,129949,129950,1233,129952,129954],{},"Whether your ",[15,129951,36339],{},[15,129953,52930],{}," values are correct",[33,129956,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,129958,129960,129961,129963],{"id":129959},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129962,124451],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129965,5414,129966,89],{},[15,129967,66114],{},[1404,129969,2082,129971,129973],{"id":129970},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129972,124451],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129975,129976],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1404,129978,129980,129981,124792],{"id":129979},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129982,124451],{},[20,129984,129985],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1404,129987,2094,129989,1233,129991,69914],{"id":129988},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129990,124451],{},[15,129992,59233],{},[20,129994,129995,2057,129997,129999,130000,52764,130002,89],{},[15,129996,124451],{},[15,129998,66114],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130001,59233],{},[15,130003,40969],{},[1404,130005,28593,130007,130009],{"id":130006},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130008,124451],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130011,130012,130013,1233,130015,66413],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130014,36339],{},[15,130016,52930],{},[33,130018,2187],{"id":2186},[138,130020,130021,130027,130033,130040,130046,130053,130057,130062],{},[141,130022,130023],{},[252,130024,126456,130025,11006],{"href":124476},[15,130026,59233],{},[141,130028,130029],{},[252,130030,126456,130031,11006],{"href":129143},[15,130032,60795],{},[141,130034,130035],{},[252,130036,126456,130038,11006],{"href":130037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130039,124627],{},[141,130041,130042],{},[252,130043,126456,130044,11006],{"href":127821},[15,130045,127824],{},[141,130047,130048],{},[252,130049,126456,130051,11006],{"href":130050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130052,126514],{},[141,130054,130055],{},[252,130056,124855],{"href":123711},[141,130058,130059],{},[252,130060,130061],{"href":129139},"How to split a string in Python",[141,130063,130064],{},[252,130065,26386,130066],{"href":73741},[15,130067,129427],{},[2210,130069,130070],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":130072},[130073,130075,130078,130079,130080,130081,130083,130084,130085,130097],{"id":128557,"depth":83,"text":130074},"What find() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":130076},[130077],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":38284,"depth":83,"text":38285},{"id":65666,"depth":83,"text":66449},{"id":124102,"depth":83,"text":124103},{"id":129284,"depth":83,"text":130082},"find() vs index()",{"id":41310,"depth":83,"text":41311},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":130086},[130087,130089,130091,130093,130095],{"id":129959,"depth":99,"text":130088},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129970,"depth":99,"text":130090},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129979,"depth":99,"text":130092},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129988,"depth":99,"text":130094},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130006,"depth":99,"text":130096},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128429,"description":130098},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130105,"title":130106,"body":130107,"description":132033,"extension":2248,"meta":132034,"navigation":203,"path":132035,"seo":132036,"stem":132037,"__hash__":132038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130108,"toc":132001},[130109,130114,130119,130122,130124,130200,130204,130232,130240,130244,130249,130253,130270,130272,130339,130343,130365,130373,130375,130378,130402,130405,130419,130421,130506,130510,130522,130525,130529,130535,130585,130589,130606,130615,130618,130626,130629,130678,130682,130707,130710,130765,130769,130781,130787,130791,130797,130802,130869,130873,130899,130902,130913,130915,130982,130986,131011,131018,131022,131027,131034,131042,131044,131096,131100,131118,131120,131165,131169,131184,131187,131197,131204,131206,131210,131213,131224,131226,131286,131290,131318,131321,131327,131332,131335,131339,131383,131386,131424,131427,131435,131437,131442,131446,131449,131497,131500,131503,131559,131563,131568,131571,131620,131622,131671,131677,131682,131684,131731,131735,131748,131750,131801,131807,131810,131814,131817,131823,131828,131830,131833,131905,131908,131925,131927,131932,131935,131939,131945,131951,131958,131964,131970,131972,131998],[10,130110,123456,130112,18],{"id":130111},"python-string-format-method",[15,130113,126459],{},[20,130115,123461,130116,130118],{},[15,130117,126459],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130120,130121],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[33,130123,36],{"id":35},[38,130125,130127],{"className":40,"code":130126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130128,130129,130141,130149,130153,130190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130130,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130132,8140],{"class":53},[47,130134,58],{"class":57},[47,130136,644],{"class":632},[47,130138,11773],{"class":636},[47,130140,1609],{"class":632},[47,130142,130143,130145,130147],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130144,21894],{"class":53},[47,130146,58],{"class":57},[47,130148,88900],{"class":65},[47,130150,130151],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,130152,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,130154,130155,130157,130159,130161,130164,130166,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,130156,90108],{"class":53},[47,130158,58],{"class":57},[47,130160,644],{"class":632},[47,130162,130163],{"class":636},"My name is ",[47,130165,4064],{"class":65},[47,130167,130168],{"class":636}," and I am ",[47,130170,4064],{"class":65},[47,130172,122452],{"class":636},[47,130174,633],{"class":632},[47,130176,89],{"class":61},[47,130178,130179],{"class":92},"format",[47,130181,106],{"class":61},[47,130183,7932],{"class":92},[47,130185,69],{"class":61},[47,130187,9452],{"class":92},[47,130189,216],{"class":61},[47,130191,130192,130194,130196,130198],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,130193,103],{"class":102},[47,130195,106],{"class":61},[47,130197,90125],{"class":92},[47,130199,216],{"class":61},[20,130201,130202],{},[4015,130203,219],{},[38,130205,130207],{"className":40,"code":130206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130208,130209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130210,130211,130214,130216,130219,130222,130225,130228,130230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130212,130213],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,130215,12457],{"class":57},[47,130217,130218],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,130220,130221],{"class":57},"and",[47,130223,130224],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,130226,130227],{"class":65},"12",[47,130229,122485],{"class":53},[47,130231,122488],{"class":61},[20,130233,118,130234,130236,130237,130239],{},[15,130235,4064],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130238,126459],{}," in the same order.",[20,130241,125208,130242,89],{},[252,130243,125211],{"href":51245},[33,130245,13259,130247,13262],{"id":130246},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130248,126459],{},[20,130250,956,130251,11677],{},[15,130252,126459],{},[138,130254,130255,130258,130264,130267],{},[141,130256,130257],{},"inserts values into a string",[141,130259,130260,130261,130263],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130262,4064],{}," with given values",[141,130265,130266],{},"returns a new string",[141,130268,130269],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130271,318],{},[38,130273,130275],{"className":40,"code":130274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130276,130277,130291,130314,130318,130329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130278,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130280,1600],{"class":53},[47,130282,58],{"class":57},[47,130284,644],{"class":632},[47,130286,45169],{"class":636},[47,130288,4064],{"class":65},[47,130290,1609],{"class":632},[47,130292,130293,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130294,130295],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,130297,58],{"class":57},[47,130299,43108],{"class":53},[47,130301,89],{"class":61},[47,130303,130179],{"class":92},[47,130305,106],{"class":61},[47,130307,633],{"class":632},[47,130309,7941],{"class":636},[47,130311,633],{"class":632},[47,130313,216],{"class":61},[47,130315,130316],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,130317,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,130319,130320,130322,130324,130327],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,130321,103],{"class":102},[47,130323,106],{"class":61},[47,130325,130326],{"class":92},"new_text",[47,130328,216],{"class":61},[47,130330,130331,130333,130335,130337],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,130332,103],{"class":102},[47,130334,106],{"class":61},[47,130336,1614],{"class":92},[47,130338,216],{"class":61},[20,130340,130341],{},[4015,130342,219],{},[38,130344,130346],{"className":40,"code":130345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130347,130348,130357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130349,130350,130352,130354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130351,35132],{"class":53},[47,130353,69],{"class":61},[47,130355,130356],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130358,130359,130361,130363],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130360,35132],{"class":53},[47,130362,69],{"class":61},[47,130364,10103],{"class":61},[20,130366,2568,130367,130369,130370,130372],{},[15,130368,1614],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130371,126459],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[33,130374,259],{"id":258},[20,130376,130377],{},"The general form is:",[38,130379,130381],{"className":40,"code":130380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130382,130383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130384,130385,130387,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130386,633],{"class":43595},[47,130388,130389],{"class":43599},"text {}",[47,130391,633],{"class":43595},[47,130393,89],{"class":61},[47,130395,130179],{"class":92},[47,130397,106],{"class":61},[47,130399,2753],{"class":92},[47,130401,216],{"class":61},[20,130403,130404],{},"Key idea:",[138,130406,130407,130413,130416],{},[141,130408,130409,130410,130412],{},"each ",[15,130411,4064],{}," is a placeholder",[141,130414,130415],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[141,130417,130418],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130420,318],{},[38,130422,130424],{"className":40,"code":130423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130425,130426,130439,130453,130457,130495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130427,130428,130431,130433,130435,130437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130429,130430],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130432,58],{"class":57},[47,130434,644],{"class":632},[47,130436,37311],{"class":636},[47,130438,1609],{"class":632},[47,130440,130441,130444,130446,130448,130451],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130442,130443],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130445,58],{"class":57},[47,130447,644],{"class":632},[47,130449,130450],{"class":636},"meow",[47,130452,1609],{"class":632},[47,130454,130455],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,130456,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,130458,130459,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130488,130490,130493],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,130460,130461],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130463,58],{"class":57},[47,130465,644],{"class":632},[47,130467,956],{"class":636},[47,130469,4064],{"class":65},[47,130471,130472],{"class":636}," says ",[47,130474,4064],{"class":65},[47,130476,89],{"class":636},[47,130478,633],{"class":632},[47,130480,89],{"class":61},[47,130482,130179],{"class":92},[47,130484,106],{"class":61},[47,130486,130487],{"class":92},"animal",[47,130489,69],{"class":61},[47,130491,130492],{"class":92}," sound",[47,130494,216],{"class":61},[47,130496,130497,130499,130501,130504],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,130498,103],{"class":102},[47,130500,106],{"class":61},[47,130502,130503],{"class":92},"sentence",[47,130505,216],{"class":61},[20,130507,130508],{},[4015,130509,219],{},[38,130511,130513],{"className":40,"code":130512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130514,130515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130516,130517,130520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130518,130519],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130521,122488],{"class":61},[20,130523,130524],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[33,130526,130528],{"id":130527},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130530,130531,130532,130534],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130533,4064],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,130536,130538],{"className":40,"code":130537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130539,130540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130572,130574,130576,130578,130581,130583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130543,103],{"class":102},[47,130545,106],{"class":61},[47,130547,633],{"class":632},[47,130549,130550],{"class":636},"I like ",[47,130552,4064],{"class":65},[47,130554,1233],{"class":636},[47,130556,4064],{"class":65},[47,130558,89],{"class":636},[47,130560,633],{"class":632},[47,130562,89],{"class":61},[47,130564,130179],{"class":92},[47,130566,106],{"class":61},[47,130568,633],{"class":632},[47,130570,130571],{"class":636},"pizza",[47,130573,633],{"class":632},[47,130575,69],{"class":61},[47,130577,644],{"class":632},[47,130579,130580],{"class":636},"pasta",[47,130582,633],{"class":632},[47,130584,1978],{"class":61},[20,130586,130587],{},[4015,130588,219],{},[38,130590,130592],{"className":40,"code":130591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130593,130594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130595,130596,130599,130601,130604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130597,130598],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130600,130221],{"class":57},[47,130602,130603],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130605,122488],{"class":61},[20,130607,130608,130609,1233,130612,89],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130610,130611],{},"{0}",[15,130613,130614],{},"{1}",[20,130616,130617],{},"This is helpful when:",[138,130619,130620,130623],{},[141,130621,130622],{},"you want to reuse a value",[141,130624,130625],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130627,130628],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,130630,130632],{"className":40,"code":130631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130633,130634,130668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130635,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130647,130649,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130637,1600],{"class":53},[47,130639,58],{"class":57},[47,130641,644],{"class":632},[47,130643,130611],{"class":65},[47,130645,130646],{"class":636}," is learning Python. ",[47,130648,130611],{"class":65},[47,130650,130651],{"class":636}," likes coding.",[47,130653,633],{"class":632},[47,130655,89],{"class":61},[47,130657,130179],{"class":92},[47,130659,106],{"class":61},[47,130661,633],{"class":632},[47,130663,20147],{"class":636},[47,130665,633],{"class":632},[47,130667,216],{"class":61},[47,130669,130670,130672,130674,130676],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130671,103],{"class":102},[47,130673,106],{"class":61},[47,130675,1614],{"class":92},[47,130677,216],{"class":61},[20,130679,130680],{},[4015,130681,219],{},[38,130683,130685],{"className":40,"code":130684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130686,130687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130688,130689,130692,130694,130697,130699,130702,130705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130690,130691],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,130693,12457],{"class":57},[47,130695,130696],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,130698,89],{"class":61},[47,130700,130701],{"class":888}," Lina",[47,130703,130704],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,130706,122488],{"class":61},[20,130708,130709],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,130711,130713],{"className":40,"code":130712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130714,130715,130755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130716,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130718,1600],{"class":53},[47,130720,58],{"class":57},[47,130722,644],{"class":632},[47,130724,130614],{"class":65},[47,130726,83427],{"class":636},[47,130728,130611],{"class":65},[47,130730,89],{"class":636},[47,130732,633],{"class":632},[47,130734,89],{"class":61},[47,130736,130179],{"class":92},[47,130738,106],{"class":61},[47,130740,633],{"class":632},[47,130742,6850],{"class":636},[47,130744,633],{"class":632},[47,130746,69],{"class":61},[47,130748,644],{"class":632},[47,130750,1549],{"class":636},[47,130752,633],{"class":632},[47,130754,216],{"class":61},[47,130756,130757,130759,130761,130763],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130758,103],{"class":102},[47,130760,106],{"class":61},[47,130762,1614],{"class":92},[47,130764,216],{"class":61},[20,130766,130767],{},[4015,130768,219],{},[38,130770,130772],{"className":40,"code":130771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130773,130774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130775,130776,130779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130777,130778],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130780,122488],{"class":61},[20,130782,130783,130784,130786],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130785,4064],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[33,130788,130790],{"id":130789},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130792,130793,130794,89],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130795,130796],{},"{name}",[20,130798,130799,130800,136],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130801,126459],{},[38,130803,130805],{"className":40,"code":130804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130806,130807,130859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130808,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130822,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130810,1600],{"class":53},[47,130812,58],{"class":57},[47,130814,644],{"class":632},[47,130816,130163],{"class":636},[47,130818,130796],{"class":65},[47,130820,130821],{"class":636}," and I live in ",[47,130823,130824],{"class":65},"{city}",[47,130826,89],{"class":636},[47,130828,633],{"class":632},[47,130830,89],{"class":61},[47,130832,130179],{"class":92},[47,130834,106],{"class":61},[47,130836,7932],{"class":278},[47,130838,58],{"class":57},[47,130840,633],{"class":632},[47,130842,13143],{"class":636},[47,130844,633],{"class":632},[47,130846,69],{"class":61},[47,130848,31651],{"class":278},[47,130850,58],{"class":57},[47,130852,633],{"class":632},[47,130854,16296],{"class":636},[47,130856,633],{"class":632},[47,130858,216],{"class":61},[47,130860,130861,130863,130865,130867],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130862,103],{"class":102},[47,130864,106],{"class":61},[47,130866,1614],{"class":92},[47,130868,216],{"class":61},[20,130870,130871],{},[4015,130872,219],{},[38,130874,130876],{"className":40,"code":130875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130877,130878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130879,130880,130882,130884,130887,130889,130892,130894,130897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130881,130213],{"class":53},[47,130883,12457],{"class":57},[47,130885,130886],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130888,130221],{"class":57},[47,130890,130891],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130893,2034],{"class":57},[47,130895,130896],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130898,122488],{"class":61},[20,130900,130901],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[138,130903,130904,130907,130910],{},[141,130905,130906],{},"they make code easier to read",[141,130908,130909],{},"they help when a string has many values",[141,130911,130912],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130914,318],{},[38,130916,130918],{"className":40,"code":130917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130919,130920,130972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130921,130922,130925,130927,130929,130932,130935,130938,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130958,130960,130962,130965,130967,130970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130923,130924],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130926,58],{"class":57},[47,130928,644],{"class":632},[47,130930,130931],{"class":636},"Student: ",[47,130933,130934],{"class":65},"{student}",[47,130936,130937],{"class":636},", Score: ",[47,130939,130940],{"class":65},"{score}",[47,130942,633],{"class":632},[47,130944,89],{"class":61},[47,130946,130179],{"class":92},[47,130948,106],{"class":61},[47,130950,13890],{"class":278},[47,130952,58],{"class":57},[47,130954,633],{"class":632},[47,130956,130957],{"class":636},"Noah",[47,130959,633],{"class":632},[47,130961,69],{"class":61},[47,130963,130964],{"class":278}," score",[47,130966,58],{"class":57},[47,130968,130969],{"class":65},"95",[47,130971,216],{"class":61},[47,130973,130974,130976,130978,130980],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,130975,103],{"class":102},[47,130977,106],{"class":61},[47,130979,128169],{"class":92},[47,130981,216],{"class":61},[20,130983,130984],{},[4015,130985,219],{},[38,130987,130989],{"className":40,"code":130988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130990,130991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130992,130993,130996,130998,131001,131003,131006,131008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130994,130995],{"class":53},"Student",[47,130997,136],{"class":61},[47,130999,131000],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,131002,69],{"class":61},[47,131004,131005],{"class":53}," Score",[47,131007,136],{"class":61},[47,131009,131010],{"class":65}," 95\n",[20,131012,131013,131014,89],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[252,131015,1386,131016,3785],{"href":42441},[15,131017,47952],{},[33,131019,131021],{"id":131020},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131023,131024,131026],{},[15,131025,126459],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131028,131029,131030,131033],{},"A common example is ",[15,131031,131032],{},":.2f",", which means:",[138,131035,131036,131039],{},[141,131037,131038],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[141,131040,131041],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131043,318],{},[38,131045,131047],{"className":40,"code":131046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131048,131049,131057,131086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131050,131051,131053,131055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131052,40652],{"class":53},[47,131054,58],{"class":57},[47,131056,49545],{"class":65},[47,131058,131059,131061,131063,131065,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131060,1600],{"class":53},[47,131062,58],{"class":57},[47,131064,644],{"class":632},[47,131066,131067],{"class":636},"Price: $",[47,131069,9542],{"class":65},[47,131071,131032],{"class":2348},[47,131073,22569],{"class":65},[47,131075,633],{"class":632},[47,131077,89],{"class":61},[47,131079,130179],{"class":92},[47,131081,106],{"class":61},[47,131083,25414],{"class":92},[47,131085,216],{"class":61},[47,131087,131088,131090,131092,131094],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,131089,103],{"class":102},[47,131091,106],{"class":61},[47,131093,1614],{"class":92},[47,131095,216],{"class":61},[20,131097,131098],{},[4015,131099,219],{},[38,131101,131103],{"className":40,"code":131102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131104,131105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131106,131107,131110,131112,131115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131108,131109],{"class":53},"Price",[47,131111,136],{"class":61},[47,131113,131114],{"class":37631}," $",[47,131116,131117],{"class":65},"3.50\n",[20,131119,52349],{},[38,131121,131123],{"className":40,"code":131122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131124,131125,131135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131126,131127,131130,131132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131128,131129],{"class":53},"average ",[47,131131,58],{"class":57},[47,131133,131134],{"class":65}," 91.236\n",[47,131136,131137,131139,131141,131143,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131163],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131138,103],{"class":102},[47,131140,106],{"class":61},[47,131142,633],{"class":632},[47,131144,131145],{"class":636},"Average: ",[47,131147,9542],{"class":65},[47,131149,131032],{"class":2348},[47,131151,22569],{"class":65},[47,131153,633],{"class":632},[47,131155,89],{"class":61},[47,131157,130179],{"class":92},[47,131159,106],{"class":61},[47,131161,131162],{"class":92},"average",[47,131164,1978],{"class":61},[20,131166,131167],{},[4015,131168,219],{},[38,131170,131172],{"className":40,"code":131171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131173,131174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131175,131176,131179,131181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131177,131178],{"class":53},"Average",[47,131180,136],{"class":61},[47,131182,131183],{"class":65}," 91.24\n",[20,131185,131186],{},"This is useful for:",[138,131188,131189,131191,131194],{},[141,131190,83185],{},[141,131192,131193],{},"averages",[141,131195,131196],{},"percentages",[20,131198,131199,131200,89],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[252,131201,1386,131202,2585],{"href":46717},[15,131203,46720],{},[33,131205,17684],{"id":17683},[20,131207,131208,92622],{},[15,131209,126459],{},[20,131211,131212],{},"That means you can:",[138,131214,131215,131218,131221],{},[141,131216,131217],{},"save it in a variable",[141,131219,131220],{},"print it directly",[141,131222,131223],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131225,318],{},[38,131227,131229],{"className":40,"code":131228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131230,131231,131262,131272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131232,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131258,131260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131234,90108],{"class":53},[47,131236,58],{"class":57},[47,131238,644],{"class":632},[47,131240,45169],{"class":636},[47,131242,4064],{"class":65},[47,131244,89949],{"class":636},[47,131246,633],{"class":632},[47,131248,89],{"class":61},[47,131250,130179],{"class":92},[47,131252,106],{"class":61},[47,131254,633],{"class":632},[47,131256,131257],{"class":636},"Chris",[47,131259,633],{"class":632},[47,131261,216],{"class":61},[47,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131265,103],{"class":102},[47,131267,106],{"class":61},[47,131269,90125],{"class":92},[47,131271,216],{"class":61},[47,131273,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,131275,103],{"class":102},[47,131277,106],{"class":61},[47,131279,1971],{"class":882},[47,131281,106],{"class":61},[47,131283,90125],{"class":92},[47,131285,1978],{"class":61},[20,131287,131288],{},[4015,131289,219],{},[38,131291,131293],{"className":40,"code":131292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131294,131295,131304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131296,131297,131299,131301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131298,35132],{"class":53},[47,131300,69],{"class":61},[47,131302,131303],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,131305,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131307,3568],{"class":57},[47,131309,3571],{"class":2348},[47,131311,708],{"class":632},[47,131313,883],{"class":636},[47,131315,699],{"class":632},[47,131317,3580],{"class":57},[20,131319,131320],{},"The original string is not changed.",[33,131322,131324,131326],{"id":131323},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131325,126459],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131328,131329,131331],{},[15,131330,126459],{}," is a string method.",[20,131333,131334],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131336,46308,131337,136],{},[15,131338,126459],{},[38,131340,131342],{"className":40,"code":131341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131343,131344,131357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131345,131346,131348,131350,131352,131355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131347,8140],{"class":53},[47,131349,58],{"class":57},[47,131351,644],{"class":632},[47,131353,131354],{"class":636},"Rita",[47,131356,1609],{"class":632},[47,131358,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131360,103],{"class":102},[47,131362,106],{"class":61},[47,131364,633],{"class":632},[47,131366,45169],{"class":636},[47,131368,4064],{"class":65},[47,131370,89949],{"class":636},[47,131372,633],{"class":632},[47,131374,89],{"class":61},[47,131376,130179],{"class":92},[47,131378,106],{"class":61},[47,131380,7932],{"class":92},[47,131382,1978],{"class":61},[20,131384,131385],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,131387,131389],{"className":40,"code":131388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131390,131391,131403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131394,8140],{"class":53},[47,131396,58],{"class":57},[47,131398,644],{"class":632},[47,131400,131354],{"class":636},[47,131402,1609],{"class":632},[47,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131422],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131406,103],{"class":102},[47,131408,106],{"class":61},[47,131410,22560],{"class":2348},[47,131412,43613],{"class":636},[47,131414,9542],{"class":65},[47,131416,7932],{"class":92},[47,131418,22569],{"class":65},[47,131420,131421],{"class":636},"!\"",[47,131423,216],{"class":61},[20,131425,131426],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131428,131429,131430,131432,131433,89],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131431,126459],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[252,131434,89794],{"href":89793},[33,131436,1397],{"id":1396},[20,131438,131439,131440,89],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131441,126459],{},[1404,131443,131445],{"id":131444},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131447,131448],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,131450,131452],{"className":40,"code":131451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131453,131454,131487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131455,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131457,1600],{"class":53},[47,131459,58],{"class":57},[47,131461,644],{"class":632},[47,131463,45169],{"class":636},[47,131465,4064],{"class":65},[47,131467,131468],{"class":65}," {}",[47,131470,89949],{"class":636},[47,131472,633],{"class":632},[47,131474,89],{"class":61},[47,131476,130179],{"class":92},[47,131478,106],{"class":61},[47,131480,633],{"class":632},[47,131482,7941],{"class":636},[47,131484,633],{"class":632},[47,131486,216],{"class":61},[47,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131490,103],{"class":102},[47,131492,106],{"class":61},[47,131494,1614],{"class":92},[47,131496,216],{"class":61},[20,131498,131499],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131501,131502],{},"Fixed version:",[38,131504,131506],{"className":40,"code":131505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131507,131508,131549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542,131545,131547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131511,1600],{"class":53},[47,131513,58],{"class":57},[47,131515,644],{"class":632},[47,131517,45169],{"class":636},[47,131519,4064],{"class":65},[47,131521,131468],{"class":65},[47,131523,89949],{"class":636},[47,131525,633],{"class":632},[47,131527,89],{"class":61},[47,131529,130179],{"class":92},[47,131531,106],{"class":61},[47,131533,633],{"class":632},[47,131535,7941],{"class":636},[47,131537,633],{"class":632},[47,131539,69],{"class":61},[47,131541,644],{"class":632},[47,131543,131544],{"class":636},"Lee",[47,131546,633],{"class":632},[47,131548,216],{"class":61},[47,131550,131551,131553,131555,131557],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131552,103],{"class":102},[47,131554,106],{"class":61},[47,131556,1614],{"class":92},[47,131558,216],{"class":61},[1404,131560,131562],{"id":131561},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131564,131565,131566,89],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131567,126459],{},[20,131569,131570],{},"Problem:",[38,131572,131574],{"className":40,"code":131573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131575,131576,131610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131577,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131579,1600],{"class":53},[47,131581,58],{"class":57},[47,131583,644],{"class":632},[47,131585,45169],{"class":636},[47,131587,130796],{"class":65},[47,131589,89949],{"class":636},[47,131591,633],{"class":632},[47,131593,89],{"class":61},[47,131595,130179],{"class":92},[47,131597,106],{"class":61},[47,131599,8249],{"class":278},[47,131601,58],{"class":57},[47,131603,633],{"class":632},[47,131605,7941],{"class":636},[47,131607,633],{"class":632},[47,131609,216],{"class":61},[47,131611,131612,131614,131616,131618],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131613,103],{"class":102},[47,131615,106],{"class":61},[47,131617,1614],{"class":92},[47,131619,216],{"class":61},[20,131621,131502],{},[38,131623,131625],{"className":40,"code":131624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131626,131627,131661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131628,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131630,1600],{"class":53},[47,131632,58],{"class":57},[47,131634,644],{"class":632},[47,131636,45169],{"class":636},[47,131638,130796],{"class":65},[47,131640,89949],{"class":636},[47,131642,633],{"class":632},[47,131644,89],{"class":61},[47,131646,130179],{"class":92},[47,131648,106],{"class":61},[47,131650,7932],{"class":278},[47,131652,58],{"class":57},[47,131654,633],{"class":632},[47,131656,7941],{"class":636},[47,131658,633],{"class":632},[47,131660,216],{"class":61},[47,131662,131663,131665,131667,131669],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131664,103],{"class":102},[47,131666,106],{"class":61},[47,131668,1614],{"class":92},[47,131670,216],{"class":61},[1404,131672,8717,131674,131676],{"id":131673},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131675,126459],{}," to change the original string",[20,131678,131679,131681],{},[15,131680,126459],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131683,131570],{},[38,131685,131687],{"className":40,"code":131686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131688,131689,131703,131721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131690,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131692,1600],{"class":53},[47,131694,58],{"class":57},[47,131696,644],{"class":632},[47,131698,45169],{"class":636},[47,131700,4064],{"class":65},[47,131702,1609],{"class":632},[47,131704,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131706,1614],{"class":53},[47,131708,89],{"class":61},[47,131710,130179],{"class":92},[47,131712,106],{"class":61},[47,131714,633],{"class":632},[47,131716,7941],{"class":636},[47,131718,633],{"class":632},[47,131720,216],{"class":61},[47,131722,131723,131725,131727,131729],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,131724,103],{"class":102},[47,131726,106],{"class":61},[47,131728,1614],{"class":92},[47,131730,216],{"class":61},[20,131732,131733],{},[4015,131734,219],{},[38,131736,131738],{"className":40,"code":131737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131739,131740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131741,131742,131744,131746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131743,35132],{"class":53},[47,131745,69],{"class":61},[47,131747,10103],{"class":61},[20,131749,131502],{},[38,131751,131753],{"className":40,"code":131752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131754,131755,131769,131791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131756,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131758,1600],{"class":53},[47,131760,58],{"class":57},[47,131762,644],{"class":632},[47,131764,45169],{"class":636},[47,131766,4064],{"class":65},[47,131768,1609],{"class":632},[47,131770,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131772,1600],{"class":53},[47,131774,58],{"class":57},[47,131776,43108],{"class":53},[47,131778,89],{"class":61},[47,131780,130179],{"class":92},[47,131782,106],{"class":61},[47,131784,633],{"class":632},[47,131786,7941],{"class":636},[47,131788,633],{"class":632},[47,131790,216],{"class":61},[47,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,131794,103],{"class":102},[47,131796,106],{"class":61},[47,131798,1614],{"class":92},[47,131800,216],{"class":61},[1404,131802,1579,131804,131806],{"id":131803},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131805,126459],{}," returns a new string",[20,131808,131809],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1404,131811,131813],{"id":131812},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131815,131816],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131818,131819,131820,131822],{},"Use simple ",[15,131821,4064],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131824,131825,131826,89],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[252,131827,90507],{"href":90506},[33,131829,68154],{"id":68153},[20,131831,131832],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,131834,131836],{"className":40,"code":131835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131837,131838,131848,131862,131891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131839,131840,131842,131844,131846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131841,103],{"class":102},[47,131843,106],{"class":61},[47,131845,1614],{"class":92},[47,131847,216],{"class":61},[47,131849,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,131851,103],{"class":102},[47,131853,106],{"class":61},[47,131855,1971],{"class":882},[47,131857,106],{"class":61},[47,131859,2753],{"class":92},[47,131861,1978],{"class":61},[47,131863,131864,131866,131868,131870,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,131865,103],{"class":102},[47,131867,106],{"class":61},[47,131869,633],{"class":632},[47,131871,131872],{"class":636},"Hello ",[47,131874,4064],{"class":65},[47,131876,633],{"class":632},[47,131878,89],{"class":61},[47,131880,130179],{"class":92},[47,131882,106],{"class":61},[47,131884,633],{"class":632},[47,131886,7941],{"class":636},[47,131888,633],{"class":632},[47,131890,1978],{"class":61},[47,131892,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,131894,32419],{"class":102},[47,131896,106],{"class":61},[47,131898,883],{"class":882},[47,131900,89],{"class":61},[47,131902,130179],{"class":888},[47,131904,216],{"class":61},[20,131906,131907],{},"Use them to check:",[138,131909,131910,131913,131916,131919],{},[141,131911,131912],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[141,131914,131915],{},"what type your value has",[141,131917,131918],{},"whether a small test example works",[141,131920,131921,131922],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131923,131924],{},"str.format",[33,131926,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,131928,129960,131930,12978],{"id":131929},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131931,126459],{},[20,131933,131934],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1404,131936,131938],{"id":131937},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131940,131941,131942,131944],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131943,4064],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1404,131946,131948,131949,2099],{"id":131947},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131950,126459],{},[20,131952,131953,131954,131957],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131955,131956],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1404,131959,15167,131961,131963],{"id":131960},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131962,126459],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131965,131966,131967,131969],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131968,126459],{}," is still useful and common.",[33,131971,2187],{"id":2186},[138,131973,131974,131978,131982,131988,131994],{},[141,131975,131976],{},[252,131977,125211],{"href":51245},[141,131979,131980],{},[252,131981,90784],{"href":89793},[141,131983,131984],{},[252,131985,1386,131986,3785],{"href":46717},[15,131987,46720],{},[141,131989,131990],{},[252,131991,1386,131992,3785],{"href":42441},[15,131993,47952],{},[141,131995,131996],{},[252,131997,90507],{"href":90506},[2210,131999,132000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":132002},[132003,132004,132006,132007,132008,132009,132010,132011,132013,132022,132023,132032],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":130246,"depth":83,"text":132005},"What the format() method does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":130527,"depth":83,"text":130528},{"id":130789,"depth":83,"text":130790},{"id":131020,"depth":83,"text":131021},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":131323,"depth":83,"text":132012},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":132014},[132015,132016,132017,132019,132021],{"id":131444,"depth":99,"text":131445},{"id":131561,"depth":99,"text":131562},{"id":131673,"depth":99,"text":132018},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131803,"depth":99,"text":132020},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131812,"depth":99,"text":131813},{"id":68153,"depth":83,"text":68154},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":132024},[132025,132027,132028,132030],{"id":131929,"depth":99,"text":132026},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131937,"depth":99,"text":131938},{"id":131947,"depth":99,"text":132029},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131960,"depth":99,"text":132031},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130106,"description":132033},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132040,"title":132041,"body":132042,"description":133522,"extension":2248,"meta":133523,"navigation":203,"path":133524,"seo":133525,"stem":133526,"__hash__":133527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132043,"toc":133494},[132044,132049,132054,132059,132061,132123,132130,132136,132141,132143,132159,132161,132232,132234,132248,132251,132301,132303,132305,132332,132335,132350,132353,132394,132397,132442,132449,132498,132500,132508,132510,132528,132530,132623,132631,132672,132677,132684,132690,132697,132700,132704,132805,132807,132829,132833,132886,132889,132892,132898,132905,132907,132946,132948,132966,132976,132983,133066,133069,133076,133083,133090,133094,133102,133148,133152,133161,133226,133231,133236,133247,133249,133254,133281,133283,133386,133389,133409,133411,133416,133419,133423,133427,133434,133443,133449,133452,133458,133460,133462,133491],[10,132045,123456,132047,18],{"id":132046},"python-string-index-method",[15,132048,59233],{},[20,132050,123461,132051,132053],{},[15,132052,59233],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132055,132056,132057,89],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132058,40969],{},[33,132060,36],{"id":35},[38,132062,132064],{"className":40,"code":132063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132065,132066,132078,132100,132110,132114,132118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132067,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132069,1600],{"class":53},[47,132071,58],{"class":57},[47,132073,644],{"class":632},[47,132075,60672],{"class":636},[47,132077,1609],{"class":632},[47,132079,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132081,65179],{"class":53},[47,132083,58],{"class":57},[47,132085,43108],{"class":53},[47,132087,89],{"class":61},[47,132089,36112],{"class":92},[47,132091,106],{"class":61},[47,132093,633],{"class":632},[47,132095,60855],{"class":636},[47,132097,633],{"class":632},[47,132099,216],{"class":61},[47,132101,132102,132104,132106,132108],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132103,103],{"class":102},[47,132105,106],{"class":61},[47,132107,65206],{"class":92},[47,132109,216],{"class":61},[47,132111,132112],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,132113,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132115,132116],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,132117,90925],{"class":114},[47,132119,132120],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,132121,132122],{"class":114},"# 6\n",[20,132124,118,132125,132127,132128,89],{},[15,132126,59233],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132129,40969],{},[33,132131,128,132133,131],{"id":132132},"what-strindex-does",[15,132134,132135],{},"str.index()",[20,132137,132138,132140],{},[15,132139,132135],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132142,13315],{},[138,132144,132145,132148,132151,132154],{},[141,132146,132147],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[141,132149,132150],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[141,132152,132153],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[141,132155,30559,132156,132158],{},[15,132157,40969],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132160,318],{},[38,132162,132164],{"className":40,"code":132163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132165,132166,132178,132182,132207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132167,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132169,1600],{"class":53},[47,132171,58],{"class":57},[47,132173,644],{"class":632},[47,132175,637],{"class":636},[47,132177,1609],{"class":632},[47,132179,132180],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132181,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132183,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132185,103],{"class":102},[47,132187,106],{"class":61},[47,132189,1614],{"class":92},[47,132191,89],{"class":61},[47,132193,36112],{"class":92},[47,132195,106],{"class":61},[47,132197,633],{"class":632},[47,132199,252],{"class":636},[47,132201,633],{"class":632},[47,132203,5628],{"class":61},[47,132205,132206],{"class":114},"     # 1\n",[47,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,132210,103],{"class":102},[47,132212,106],{"class":61},[47,132214,1614],{"class":92},[47,132216,89],{"class":61},[47,132218,36112],{"class":92},[47,132220,106],{"class":61},[47,132222,633],{"class":632},[47,132224,123549],{"class":636},[47,132226,633],{"class":632},[47,132228,5628],{"class":61},[47,132230,132231],{"class":114},"    # 2\n",[20,132233,2461],{},[138,132235,132236,132242],{},[141,132237,132238,128669,132240],{},[15,132239,18361],{},[15,132241,232],{},[141,132243,132244,128669,132246],{},[15,132245,128668],{},[15,132247,2340],{},[20,132249,132250],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,132252,132254],{"className":40,"code":132253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132255,132256,132268,132272,132296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132257,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132259,1600],{"class":53},[47,132261,58],{"class":57},[47,132263,644],{"class":632},[47,132265,35132],{"class":636},[47,132267,1609],{"class":632},[47,132269,132270],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132271,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132273,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132275,103],{"class":102},[47,132277,106],{"class":61},[47,132279,1614],{"class":92},[47,132281,89],{"class":61},[47,132283,36112],{"class":92},[47,132285,106],{"class":61},[47,132287,633],{"class":632},[47,132289,51460],{"class":636},[47,132291,633],{"class":632},[47,132293,5628],{"class":61},[47,132295,21033],{"class":114},[47,132297,132298],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,132299,132300],{"class":114},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,132302,259],{"id":258},[20,132304,2442],{},[38,132306,132308],{"className":40,"code":132307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132309,132310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132311,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132313,61436],{"class":53},[47,132315,89],{"class":61},[47,132317,36112],{"class":92},[47,132319,106],{"class":61},[47,132321,2753],{"class":92},[47,132323,69],{"class":61},[47,132325,36318],{"class":92},[47,132327,69],{"class":61},[47,132329,65300],{"class":92},[47,132331,216],{"class":61},[20,132333,132334],{},"Parameters:",[138,132336,132337,132341,132345],{},[141,132338,132339,123648],{},[15,132340,2753],{},[141,132342,132343,128715],{},[15,132344,36339],{},[141,132346,132347,132349],{},[15,132348,52930],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132351,132352],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,132354,132356],{"className":40,"code":132355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132357,132358,132370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132359,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132361,1600],{"class":53},[47,132363,58],{"class":57},[47,132365,644],{"class":632},[47,132367,42],{"class":636},[47,132369,1609],{"class":632},[47,132371,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132373,103],{"class":102},[47,132375,106],{"class":61},[47,132377,1614],{"class":92},[47,132379,89],{"class":61},[47,132381,36112],{"class":92},[47,132383,106],{"class":61},[47,132385,633],{"class":632},[47,132387,1730],{"class":636},[47,132389,633],{"class":632},[47,132391,5628],{"class":61},[47,132393,51684],{"class":114},[20,132395,132396],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,132398,132400],{"className":40,"code":132399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132401,132402,132414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132403,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132405,1600],{"class":53},[47,132407,58],{"class":57},[47,132409,644],{"class":632},[47,132411,637],{"class":636},[47,132413,1609],{"class":632},[47,132415,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132417,103],{"class":102},[47,132419,106],{"class":61},[47,132421,1614],{"class":92},[47,132423,89],{"class":61},[47,132425,36112],{"class":92},[47,132427,106],{"class":61},[47,132429,633],{"class":632},[47,132431,252],{"class":636},[47,132433,633],{"class":632},[47,132435,69],{"class":61},[47,132437,77],{"class":65},[47,132439,5628],{"class":61},[47,132441,51040],{"class":114},[20,132443,132444,132445,1233,132447,136],{},"Or include both ",[15,132446,36339],{},[15,132448,52930],{},[38,132450,132452],{"className":40,"code":132451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132453,132454,132466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132455,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132457,1600],{"class":53},[47,132459,58],{"class":57},[47,132461,644],{"class":632},[47,132463,637],{"class":636},[47,132465,1609],{"class":632},[47,132467,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132469,103],{"class":102},[47,132471,106],{"class":61},[47,132473,1614],{"class":92},[47,132475,89],{"class":61},[47,132477,36112],{"class":92},[47,132479,106],{"class":61},[47,132481,633],{"class":632},[47,132483,252],{"class":636},[47,132485,633],{"class":632},[47,132487,69],{"class":61},[47,132489,77],{"class":65},[47,132491,69],{"class":61},[47,132493,241],{"class":65},[47,132495,5628],{"class":61},[47,132497,51040],{"class":114},[33,132499,38285],{"id":38284},[20,132501,28973,132502,132504,132505,89],{},[15,132503,59233],{}," is a ",[4015,132506,132507],{},"zero-based index",[20,132509,2390],{},[138,132511,132512,132518,132523],{},[141,132513,132514,132515,132517],{},"Index ",[15,132516,2403],{}," is the first character",[141,132519,132514,132520,132522],{},[15,132521,232],{}," is the second character",[141,132524,132514,132525,132527],{},[15,132526,2340],{}," is the third character",[20,132529,318],{},[38,132531,132533],{"className":40,"code":132532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132534,132535,132547,132551,132575,132599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132536,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132538,1600],{"class":53},[47,132540,58],{"class":57},[47,132542,644],{"class":632},[47,132544,37311],{"class":636},[47,132546,1609],{"class":632},[47,132548,132549],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132550,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132552,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132554,103],{"class":102},[47,132556,106],{"class":61},[47,132558,1614],{"class":92},[47,132560,89],{"class":61},[47,132562,36112],{"class":92},[47,132564,106],{"class":61},[47,132566,633],{"class":632},[47,132568,10004],{"class":636},[47,132570,633],{"class":632},[47,132572,5628],{"class":61},[47,132574,51516],{"class":114},[47,132576,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,132578,103],{"class":102},[47,132580,106],{"class":61},[47,132582,1614],{"class":92},[47,132584,89],{"class":61},[47,132586,36112],{"class":92},[47,132588,106],{"class":61},[47,132590,633],{"class":632},[47,132592,252],{"class":636},[47,132594,633],{"class":632},[47,132596,5628],{"class":61},[47,132598,28044],{"class":114},[47,132600,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,132602,103],{"class":102},[47,132604,106],{"class":61},[47,132606,1614],{"class":92},[47,132608,89],{"class":61},[47,132610,36112],{"class":92},[47,132612,106],{"class":61},[47,132614,633],{"class":632},[47,132616,1730],{"class":636},[47,132618,633],{"class":632},[47,132620,5628],{"class":61},[47,132622,51684],{"class":114},[20,132624,132625,132627,132628,132630],{},[15,132626,59233],{}," returns only the ",[4015,132629,30174],{}," matching position.",[38,132632,132634],{"className":40,"code":132633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132635,132636,132648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132637,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132639,1600],{"class":53},[47,132641,58],{"class":57},[47,132643,644],{"class":632},[47,132645,637],{"class":636},[47,132647,1609],{"class":632},[47,132649,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132651,103],{"class":102},[47,132653,106],{"class":61},[47,132655,1614],{"class":92},[47,132657,89],{"class":61},[47,132659,36112],{"class":92},[47,132661,106],{"class":61},[47,132663,633],{"class":632},[47,132665,252],{"class":636},[47,132667,633],{"class":632},[47,132669,5628],{"class":61},[47,132671,28044],{"class":114},[20,132673,21243,132674,132676],{},[15,132675,18361],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132678,132679,132680,89],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[252,132681,132682,11006],{"href":124906},[15,132683,58855],{},[33,132685,8681,132686,1233,132688],{"id":65666},[15,132687,36339],{},[15,132689,52930],{},[20,132691,956,132692,1233,132694,132696],{},[15,132693,36339],{},[15,132695,52930],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132698,132699],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132701,46308,132702,136],{},[15,132703,36339],{},[38,132705,132707],{"className":40,"code":132706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132708,132709,132721,132725,132749,132777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132710,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132712,1600],{"class":53},[47,132714,58],{"class":57},[47,132716,644],{"class":632},[47,132718,637],{"class":636},[47,132720,1609],{"class":632},[47,132722,132723],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132724,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132726,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132728,103],{"class":102},[47,132730,106],{"class":61},[47,132732,1614],{"class":92},[47,132734,89],{"class":61},[47,132736,36112],{"class":92},[47,132738,106],{"class":61},[47,132740,633],{"class":632},[47,132742,252],{"class":636},[47,132744,633],{"class":632},[47,132746,5628],{"class":61},[47,132748,51389],{"class":114},[47,132750,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,132752,103],{"class":102},[47,132754,106],{"class":61},[47,132756,1614],{"class":92},[47,132758,89],{"class":61},[47,132760,36112],{"class":92},[47,132762,106],{"class":61},[47,132764,633],{"class":632},[47,132766,252],{"class":636},[47,132768,633],{"class":632},[47,132770,69],{"class":61},[47,132772,77],{"class":65},[47,132774,5628],{"class":61},[47,132776,51239],{"class":114},[47,132778,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,132780,103],{"class":102},[47,132782,106],{"class":61},[47,132784,1614],{"class":92},[47,132786,89],{"class":61},[47,132788,36112],{"class":92},[47,132790,106],{"class":61},[47,132792,633],{"class":632},[47,132794,252],{"class":636},[47,132796,633],{"class":632},[47,132798,69],{"class":61},[47,132800,402],{"class":65},[47,132802,5628],{"class":61},[47,132804,51023],{"class":114},[20,132806,20222],{},[138,132808,132809,132816,132822],{},[141,132810,132811,132812,65856,132814],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132813,18361],{},[15,132815,232],{},[141,132817,132818,132819,132821],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132820,2340],{}," skips that first match",[141,132823,132818,132824,132826,132827],{},[15,132825,334],{}," finds the last ",[15,132828,18361],{},[20,132830,46308,132831,136],{},[15,132832,52930],{},[38,132834,132836],{"className":40,"code":132835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132837,132838,132850,132854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132839,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132841,1600],{"class":53},[47,132843,58],{"class":57},[47,132845,644],{"class":632},[47,132847,637],{"class":636},[47,132849,1609],{"class":632},[47,132851,132852],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132853,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,132855,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,132857,103],{"class":102},[47,132859,106],{"class":61},[47,132861,1614],{"class":92},[47,132863,89],{"class":61},[47,132865,36112],{"class":92},[47,132867,106],{"class":61},[47,132869,633],{"class":632},[47,132871,1704],{"class":636},[47,132873,633],{"class":632},[47,132875,69],{"class":61},[47,132877,4106],{"class":65},[47,132879,69],{"class":61},[47,132881,402],{"class":65},[47,132883,5628],{"class":61},[47,132885,51684],{"class":114},[20,132887,132888],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132890,132891],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[33,132893,44480,132895,132897],{"id":132894},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132896,59233],{}," causes an error",[20,132899,132900,132901,52764,132903,89],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132902,59233],{},[15,132904,40969],{},[20,132906,318],{},[38,132908,132910],{"className":40,"code":132909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132911,132912,132924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132913,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132915,1600],{"class":53},[47,132917,58],{"class":57},[47,132919,644],{"class":632},[47,132921,4118],{"class":636},[47,132923,1609],{"class":632},[47,132925,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,132927,103],{"class":102},[47,132929,106],{"class":61},[47,132931,1614],{"class":92},[47,132933,89],{"class":61},[47,132935,36112],{"class":92},[47,132937,106],{"class":61},[47,132939,633],{"class":632},[47,132941,22343],{"class":636},[47,132943,633],{"class":632},[47,132945,1978],{"class":61},[20,132947,219],{},[38,132949,132951],{"className":40,"code":132950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132952,132953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132954,132955,132957,132959,132962,132964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132956,40969],{"class":882},[47,132958,136],{"class":61},[47,132960,132961],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132963,4896],{"class":57},[47,132965,66089],{"class":53},[20,132967,53611,132968,126422,132973,132975],{},[252,132969,132970],{"href":130100},[15,132971,132972],{},"str.find()",[15,132974,66114],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132977,132978,132979,1233,132981,136],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132980,30069],{},[15,132982,30100],{},[38,132984,132986],{"className":40,"code":132985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132987,132988,133000,133004,133010,133033,133043,133051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132989,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132991,1600],{"class":53},[47,132993,58],{"class":57},[47,132995,644],{"class":632},[47,132997,4118],{"class":636},[47,132999,1609],{"class":632},[47,133001,133002],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133003,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,133005,133006,133008],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133007,30069],{"class":2027},[47,133009,6657],{"class":61},[47,133011,133012,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,133013,133014],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,133016,58],{"class":57},[47,133018,43108],{"class":53},[47,133020,89],{"class":61},[47,133022,36112],{"class":92},[47,133024,106],{"class":61},[47,133026,633],{"class":632},[47,133028,22343],{"class":636},[47,133030,633],{"class":632},[47,133032,216],{"class":61},[47,133034,133035,133037,133039,133041],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,133036,8333],{"class":102},[47,133038,106],{"class":61},[47,133040,65206],{"class":92},[47,133042,216],{"class":61},[47,133044,133045,133047,133049],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,133046,30100],{"class":2027},[47,133048,42192],{"class":882},[47,133050,6657],{"class":61},[47,133052,133053,133055,133057,133059,133062,133064],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,133054,8333],{"class":102},[47,133056,106],{"class":61},[47,133058,633],{"class":632},[47,133060,133061],{"class":636},"Substring not found",[47,133063,633],{"class":632},[47,133065,216],{"class":61},[20,133067,133068],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133070,42212,133071,89],{},[252,133072,25944,133074],{"href":133073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133075,129427],{},[33,133077,133079,1225,133081],{"id":133078},"index-vs-find",[15,133080,59233],{},[15,133082,124451],{},[20,133084,133085,1233,133087,133089],{},[15,133086,59233],{},[15,133088,124451],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1404,133091,133092],{"id":36112},[15,133093,59233],{},[138,133095,133096,133099],{},[141,133097,133098],{},"Returns the first match position",[141,133100,133101],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,133103,133105],{"className":40,"code":133104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133106,133107,133119,133143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133108,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133110,1600],{"class":53},[47,133112,58],{"class":57},[47,133114,644],{"class":632},[47,133116,4118],{"class":636},[47,133118,1609],{"class":632},[47,133120,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133122,103],{"class":102},[47,133124,106],{"class":61},[47,133126,1614],{"class":92},[47,133128,89],{"class":61},[47,133130,36112],{"class":92},[47,133132,106],{"class":61},[47,133134,633],{"class":632},[47,133136,60712],{"class":636},[47,133138,633],{"class":632},[47,133140,5628],{"class":61},[47,133142,28044],{"class":114},[47,133144,133145],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133146,133147],{"class":114},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1404,133149,133150],{"id":128481},[15,133151,124451],{},[138,133153,133154,133156],{},[141,133155,133098],{},[141,133157,149,133158,133160],{},[15,133159,66114],{}," if nothing is found",[38,133162,133164],{"className":40,"code":133163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133165,133166,133178,133202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133167,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133169,1600],{"class":53},[47,133171,58],{"class":57},[47,133173,644],{"class":632},[47,133175,4118],{"class":636},[47,133177,1609],{"class":632},[47,133179,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133181,103],{"class":102},[47,133183,106],{"class":61},[47,133185,1614],{"class":92},[47,133187,89],{"class":61},[47,133189,128481],{"class":92},[47,133191,106],{"class":61},[47,133193,633],{"class":632},[47,133195,60712],{"class":636},[47,133197,633],{"class":632},[47,133199,5628],{"class":61},[47,133201,28044],{"class":114},[47,133203,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133205,103],{"class":102},[47,133207,106],{"class":61},[47,133209,1614],{"class":92},[47,133211,89],{"class":61},[47,133213,128481],{"class":92},[47,133215,106],{"class":61},[47,133217,633],{"class":632},[47,133219,22343],{"class":636},[47,133221,633],{"class":632},[47,133223,5628],{"class":61},[47,133225,128837],{"class":114},[20,133227,118,133228,133230],{},[15,133229,59233],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133232,118,133233,133235],{},[15,133234,124451],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133237,133238,133239,3158,133244,89],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[252,133240,133241,133243],{"href":130100},[15,133242,132972],{}," method reference",[252,133245,127492],{"href":133246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[33,133248,1397],{"id":1396},[20,133250,133251,133252,136],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133253,59233],{},[138,133255,133256,133259,133266,133271,133276],{},[141,133257,133258],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[141,133260,8717,133261,8720,133263,133265],{},[15,133262,59233],{},[15,133264,66114],{}," when no match exists",[141,133267,8681,133268,133270],{},[15,133269,59233],{}," on a value that may not be present",[141,133272,133273,133274],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133275,232],{},[141,133277,4845,133278,133280],{},[15,133279,59233],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133282,62557],{},[38,133284,133286],{"className":40,"code":133285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133287,133288,133298,133312,133334,133356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133291,103],{"class":102},[47,133293,106],{"class":61},[47,133295,1614],{"class":92},[47,133297,216],{"class":61},[47,133299,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133301,103],{"class":102},[47,133303,106],{"class":61},[47,133305,42045],{"class":102},[47,133307,106],{"class":61},[47,133309,1614],{"class":92},[47,133311,1978],{"class":61},[47,133313,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133315,103],{"class":102},[47,133317,106],{"class":61},[47,133319,1614],{"class":92},[47,133321,89],{"class":61},[47,133323,36112],{"class":92},[47,133325,106],{"class":61},[47,133327,633],{"class":632},[47,133329,2753],{"class":636},[47,133331,633],{"class":632},[47,133333,1978],{"class":61},[47,133335,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,133337,103],{"class":102},[47,133339,106],{"class":61},[47,133341,1614],{"class":92},[47,133343,89],{"class":61},[47,133345,128481],{"class":92},[47,133347,106],{"class":61},[47,133349,633],{"class":632},[47,133351,2753],{"class":636},[47,133353,633],{"class":632},[47,133355,1978],{"class":61},[47,133357,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,133359,103],{"class":102},[47,133361,106],{"class":61},[47,133363,1614],{"class":92},[47,133365,89],{"class":61},[47,133367,36112],{"class":92},[47,133369,106],{"class":61},[47,133371,633],{"class":632},[47,133373,2753],{"class":636},[47,133375,633],{"class":632},[47,133377,69],{"class":61},[47,133379,36318],{"class":92},[47,133381,69],{"class":61},[47,133383,65300],{"class":92},[47,133385,1978],{"class":61},[20,133387,133388],{},"Tips:",[138,133390,133391,133396,133401,133404],{},[141,133392,118,133393,133395],{},[15,133394,126378],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[141,133397,118,133398,133400],{},[15,133399,124451],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[141,133402,133403],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[141,133405,133406,133407],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133408,2403],{},[33,133410,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,133412,129960,133414,12978],{"id":133413},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133415,59233],{},[20,133417,133418],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1404,133420,133422],{"id":133421},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133424,77109,133425,89],{},[15,133426,40969],{},[1404,133428,2094,133430,1233,133432,2099],{"id":133429},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133431,59233],{},[15,133433,124451],{},[20,133435,133436,133438,133439,2057,133441,1519],{},[15,133437,59233],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133440,124451],{},[15,133442,66114],{},[1404,133444,5436,133446,133448],{"id":133445},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133447,59233],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133450,133451],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1404,133453,133455,133456,124792],{"id":133454},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133457,59233],{},[20,133459,129985],{},[33,133461,2187],{"id":2186},[138,133463,133464,133470,133474,133479,133485],{},[141,133465,133466],{},[252,133467,133468,11006],{"href":130100},[15,133469,132972],{},[141,133471,133472],{},[252,133473,124855],{"href":133246},[141,133475,133476],{},[252,133477,130061],{"href":133478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[141,133480,133481],{},[252,133482,133483,11006],{"href":124906},[15,133484,58855],{},[141,133486,133487],{},[252,133488,30613,133489],{"href":133073},[15,133490,129427],{},[2210,133492,133493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":133078,"depth":83,"text":133505,"children":133506},"index() vs find()",[133507,133508],{"id":36112,"depth":99,"text":59233},{"id":128481,"depth":99,"text":124451},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":133511},[133512,133514,133515,133517,133519],{"id":133413,"depth":99,"text":133513},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133421,"depth":99,"text":133422},{"id":133429,"depth":99,"text":133516},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133445,"depth":99,"text":133518},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133454,"depth":99,"text":133520},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132041,"description":133522},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133529,"title":133530,"body":133531,"description":136306,"extension":2248,"meta":136307,"navigation":203,"path":136308,"seo":136309,"stem":136310,"__hash__":136311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133532,"toc":136242},[133533,133539,133544,133547,133550,133561,133563,133632,133634,133648,133653,133658,133663,133665,133708,133710,133793,133795,133841,133847,133849,133851,133871,133873,133896,133898,133972,133974,133993,133998,134000,134004,134076,134078,134092,134096,134172,134174,134193,134197,134291,134293,134302,134309,134385,134387,134405,134409,134412,134419,134468,134470,134479,134486,134545,134547,134565,134568,134575,134634,134636,134654,134661,134718,134720,134729,134733,134738,134742,134801,134803,134821,134825,134872,134877,134880,134949,134951,134968,134975,134981,135036,135041,135044,135121,135123,135141,135147,135153,135213,135215,135234,135240,135243,135250,135303,135308,135310,135371,135380,135387,135389,135446,135451,135453,135524,135528,135583,135585,135594,135599,135605,135674,135676,135708,135714,135722,135729,135735,135800,135802,135811,135817,135898,135900,135909,135914,135928,135935,135939,135944,135972,135974,136107,136110,136147,136149,136155,136164,136169,136172,136177,136182,136188,136191,136200,136203,136205,136234,136239],[10,133534,123456,133536,18],{"id":133535},"python-string-join-method",[15,133537,133538],{},"join()",[20,133540,123461,133541,133543],{},[15,133542,133538],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133545,133546],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133548,133549],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[138,133551,133552,133558],{},[141,133553,133554,133555,133557],{},"You call ",[15,133556,133538],{}," on the separator string",[141,133559,133560],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[33,133562,3884],{"id":3883},[38,133564,133566],{"className":40,"code":133565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133567,133568,133601,133622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133569,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133597,133599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133571,625],{"class":53},[47,133573,58],{"class":57},[47,133575,62],{"class":61},[47,133577,633],{"class":632},[47,133579,7561],{"class":636},[47,133581,633],{"class":632},[47,133583,69],{"class":61},[47,133585,644],{"class":632},[47,133587,12457],{"class":636},[47,133589,633],{"class":632},[47,133591,69],{"class":61},[47,133593,644],{"class":632},[47,133595,133596],{"class":636},"fun",[47,133598,633],{"class":632},[47,133600,80],{"class":61},[47,133602,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133616,133618,133620],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133604,1442],{"class":53},[47,133606,58],{"class":57},[47,133608,644],{"class":632},[47,133610,644],{"class":632},[47,133612,89],{"class":61},[47,133614,133615],{"class":92},"join",[47,133617,106],{"class":61},[47,133619,665],{"class":92},[47,133621,216],{"class":61},[47,133623,133624,133626,133628,133630],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133625,103],{"class":102},[47,133627,106],{"class":61},[47,133629,1466],{"class":92},[47,133631,216],{"class":61},[20,133633,219],{},[38,133635,133637],{"className":40,"code":133636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,133638,133639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133640,133641,133643,133645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133642,1386],{"class":53},[47,133644,12457],{"class":57},[47,133646,133647],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,133649,118,133650,133652],{},[15,133651,133538],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[33,133654,128,133656,131],{"id":133655},"what-join-does",[15,133657,133538],{},[20,133659,133660,133662],{},[15,133661,133538],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133664,11722],{},[138,133666,133667,133674,133702,133705],{},[141,133668,133669,133670,133673],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133671,133672],{},".join()"," as the separator",[141,133675,133676,133677],{},"Common separators are:\n",[138,133678,133679,133685,133691,133697],{},[141,133680,133681,133684],{},[15,133682,133683],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[141,133686,133687,133690],{},[15,133688,133689],{},"\", \""," for commas",[141,133692,133693,133696],{},[15,133694,133695],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[141,133698,133699,133701],{},[15,133700,6536],{}," for no separator",[141,133703,133704],{},"It returns a new string",[141,133706,133707],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133709,318],{},[38,133711,133713],{"className":40,"code":133712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133714,133715,133747,133769,133773,133783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133716,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133718,625],{"class":53},[47,133720,58],{"class":57},[47,133722,62],{"class":61},[47,133724,633],{"class":632},[47,133726,13356],{"class":636},[47,133728,633],{"class":632},[47,133730,69],{"class":61},[47,133732,644],{"class":632},[47,133734,17721],{"class":636},[47,133736,633],{"class":632},[47,133738,69],{"class":61},[47,133740,644],{"class":632},[47,133742,13373],{"class":636},[47,133744,633],{"class":632},[47,133746,80],{"class":61},[47,133748,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133750,1442],{"class":53},[47,133752,58],{"class":57},[47,133754,644],{"class":632},[47,133756,2472],{"class":636},[47,133758,633],{"class":632},[47,133760,89],{"class":61},[47,133762,133615],{"class":92},[47,133764,106],{"class":61},[47,133766,665],{"class":92},[47,133768,216],{"class":61},[47,133770,133771],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133772,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,133776,103],{"class":102},[47,133778,106],{"class":61},[47,133780,1466],{"class":92},[47,133782,216],{"class":61},[47,133784,133785,133787,133789,133791],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,133786,103],{"class":102},[47,133788,106],{"class":61},[47,133790,665],{"class":92},[47,133792,216],{"class":61},[20,133794,219],{},[38,133796,133798],{"className":40,"code":133797,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133799,133800,133813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133801,133802,133804,133806,133809,133811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133803,13356],{"class":53},[47,133805,69],{"class":61},[47,133807,133808],{"class":53}," green",[47,133810,69],{"class":61},[47,133812,36147],{"class":53},[47,133814,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133816,229],{"class":61},[47,133818,699],{"class":632},[47,133820,13356],{"class":636},[47,133822,699],{"class":632},[47,133824,69],{"class":61},[47,133826,708],{"class":632},[47,133828,17721],{"class":636},[47,133830,699],{"class":632},[47,133832,69],{"class":61},[47,133834,708],{"class":632},[47,133836,13373],{"class":636},[47,133838,699],{"class":632},[47,133840,80],{"class":61},[20,133842,133843,133844,133846],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133845,133538],{}," creates a new string.",[33,133848,259],{"id":258},[20,133850,7482],{},[38,133852,133854],{"className":40,"code":133853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133855,133856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133857,133858,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133859,133860],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133862,89],{"class":61},[47,133864,133615],{"class":92},[47,133866,106],{"class":61},[47,133868,3992],{"class":92},[47,133870,216],{"class":61},[1404,133872,49279],{"id":49278},[138,133874,133875,133888,133893],{},[141,133876,133877,133879,133880,2472,133882,2472,133884,2476,133886],{},[15,133878,133860],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133881,133683],{},[15,133883,133689],{},[15,133885,133695],{},[15,133887,6536],{},[141,133889,133890,133892],{},[15,133891,3992],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[141,133894,133895],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133897,318],{},[38,133899,133901],{"className":40,"code":133900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133902,133903,133935,133958,133962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133904,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133906,5261],{"class":53},[47,133908,58],{"class":57},[47,133910,62],{"class":61},[47,133912,633],{"class":632},[47,133914,13143],{"class":636},[47,133916,633],{"class":632},[47,133918,69],{"class":61},[47,133920,644],{"class":632},[47,133922,36207],{"class":636},[47,133924,633],{"class":632},[47,133926,69],{"class":61},[47,133928,644],{"class":632},[47,133930,36216],{"class":636},[47,133932,633],{"class":632},[47,133934,80],{"class":61},[47,133936,133937,133939,133941,133943,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,133938,1442],{"class":53},[47,133940,58],{"class":57},[47,133942,644],{"class":632},[47,133944,133945],{"class":636}," | ",[47,133947,633],{"class":632},[47,133949,89],{"class":61},[47,133951,133615],{"class":92},[47,133953,106],{"class":61},[47,133955,5304],{"class":92},[47,133957,216],{"class":61},[47,133959,133960],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,133961,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,133963,133964,133966,133968,133970],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,133965,103],{"class":102},[47,133967,106],{"class":61},[47,133969,1466],{"class":92},[47,133971,216],{"class":61},[20,133973,219],{},[38,133975,133977],{"className":40,"code":133976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133978,133979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133980,133981,133984,133986,133989,133991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133982,133983],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,133985,113963],{"class":57},[47,133987,133988],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,133990,113963],{"class":57},[47,133992,36288],{"class":53},[20,133994,133995,133996,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[252,133997,125211],{"href":51245},[33,133999,121987],{"id":121986},[1404,134001,134003],{"id":134002},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,134005,134007],{"className":40,"code":134006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134008,134009,134042,134062,134066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134010,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134038,134040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134012,625],{"class":53},[47,134014,58],{"class":57},[47,134016,62],{"class":61},[47,134018,633],{"class":632},[47,134020,7561],{"class":636},[47,134022,633],{"class":632},[47,134024,69],{"class":61},[47,134026,644],{"class":632},[47,134028,12457],{"class":636},[47,134030,633],{"class":632},[47,134032,69],{"class":61},[47,134034,644],{"class":632},[47,134036,134037],{"class":636},"easy",[47,134039,633],{"class":632},[47,134041,80],{"class":61},[47,134043,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134045,1442],{"class":53},[47,134047,58],{"class":57},[47,134049,644],{"class":632},[47,134051,644],{"class":632},[47,134053,89],{"class":61},[47,134055,133615],{"class":92},[47,134057,106],{"class":61},[47,134059,665],{"class":92},[47,134061,216],{"class":61},[47,134063,134064],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,134065,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,134067,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,134069,103],{"class":102},[47,134071,106],{"class":61},[47,134073,1466],{"class":92},[47,134075,216],{"class":61},[20,134077,219],{},[38,134079,134081],{"className":40,"code":134080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,134082,134083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134084,134085,134087,134089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134086,1386],{"class":53},[47,134088,12457],{"class":57},[47,134090,134091],{"class":53}," easy\n",[1404,134093,134095],{"id":134094},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,134097,134099],{"className":40,"code":134098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134100,134101,134136,134158,134162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134102,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134114,134116,134118,134120,134123,134125,134127,134129,134132,134134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134104,1536],{"class":53},[47,134106,58],{"class":57},[47,134108,62],{"class":61},[47,134110,633],{"class":632},[47,134112,134113],{"class":636},"apples",[47,134115,633],{"class":632},[47,134117,69],{"class":61},[47,134119,644],{"class":632},[47,134121,134122],{"class":636},"bananas",[47,134124,633],{"class":632},[47,134126,69],{"class":61},[47,134128,644],{"class":632},[47,134130,134131],{"class":636},"oranges",[47,134133,633],{"class":632},[47,134135,80],{"class":61},[47,134137,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134139,1442],{"class":53},[47,134141,58],{"class":57},[47,134143,644],{"class":632},[47,134145,2472],{"class":636},[47,134147,633],{"class":632},[47,134149,89],{"class":61},[47,134151,133615],{"class":92},[47,134153,106],{"class":61},[47,134155,1562],{"class":92},[47,134157,216],{"class":61},[47,134159,134160],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,134161,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,134163,134164,134166,134168,134170],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,134165,103],{"class":102},[47,134167,106],{"class":61},[47,134169,1466],{"class":92},[47,134171,216],{"class":61},[20,134173,219],{},[38,134175,134177],{"className":40,"code":134176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134178,134179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134180,134181,134183,134185,134188,134190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134182,134113],{"class":53},[47,134184,69],{"class":61},[47,134186,134187],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,134189,69],{"class":61},[47,134191,134192],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[1404,134194,134196],{"id":134195},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,134198,134200],{"className":40,"code":134199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134201,134202,134259,134277,134281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134203,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134205,1639],{"class":53},[47,134207,58],{"class":57},[47,134209,62],{"class":61},[47,134211,633],{"class":632},[47,134213,134214],{"class":636},"P",[47,134216,633],{"class":632},[47,134218,69],{"class":61},[47,134220,644],{"class":632},[47,134222,1739],{"class":636},[47,134224,633],{"class":632},[47,134226,69],{"class":61},[47,134228,644],{"class":632},[47,134230,1730],{"class":636},[47,134232,633],{"class":632},[47,134234,69],{"class":61},[47,134236,644],{"class":632},[47,134238,1695],{"class":636},[47,134240,633],{"class":632},[47,134242,69],{"class":61},[47,134244,644],{"class":632},[47,134246,1713],{"class":636},[47,134248,633],{"class":632},[47,134250,69],{"class":61},[47,134252,644],{"class":632},[47,134254,1704],{"class":636},[47,134256,633],{"class":632},[47,134258,80],{"class":61},[47,134260,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134262,1442],{"class":53},[47,134264,58],{"class":57},[47,134266,6390],{"class":632},[47,134268,89],{"class":61},[47,134270,133615],{"class":92},[47,134272,106],{"class":61},[47,134274,1659],{"class":92},[47,134276,216],{"class":61},[47,134278,134279],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,134280,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,134284,103],{"class":102},[47,134286,106],{"class":61},[47,134288,1466],{"class":92},[47,134290,216],{"class":61},[20,134292,219],{},[38,134294,134296],{"className":40,"code":134295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,134297,134298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134299,134300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134301,134295],{"class":53},[1404,134303,134305,134306,134308],{"id":134304},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134307,133538],{}," returns the result",[38,134310,134312],{"className":40,"code":134311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134313,134314,134347,134370,134374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134315,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134343,134345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134317,625],{"class":53},[47,134319,58],{"class":57},[47,134321,62],{"class":61},[47,134323,633],{"class":632},[47,134325,6850],{"class":636},[47,134327,633],{"class":632},[47,134329,69],{"class":61},[47,134331,644],{"class":632},[47,134333,1549],{"class":636},[47,134335,633],{"class":632},[47,134337,69],{"class":61},[47,134339,644],{"class":632},[47,134341,134342],{"class":636},"three",[47,134344,633],{"class":632},[47,134346,80],{"class":61},[47,134348,134349,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134350,134351],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,134353,58],{"class":57},[47,134355,644],{"class":632},[47,134357,2306],{"class":636},[47,134359,633],{"class":632},[47,134361,89],{"class":61},[47,134363,133615],{"class":92},[47,134365,106],{"class":61},[47,134367,665],{"class":92},[47,134369,216],{"class":61},[47,134371,134372],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,134373,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,134375,134376,134378,134380,134383],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,134377,103],{"class":102},[47,134379,106],{"class":61},[47,134381,134382],{"class":92},"joined_text",[47,134384,216],{"class":61},[20,134386,219],{},[38,134388,134390],{"className":40,"code":134389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,134391,134392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134393,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134395,6850],{"class":53},[47,134397,2306],{"class":57},[47,134399,1549],{"class":53},[47,134401,2306],{"class":57},[47,134403,134404],{"class":53},"three\n",[33,134406,134408],{"id":134407},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134410,134411],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1404,134413,134415,134418],{"id":134414},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134416,134417],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,134420,134422],{"className":40,"code":134421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134423,134424,134448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134425,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134427,625],{"class":53},[47,134429,58],{"class":57},[47,134431,62],{"class":61},[47,134433,633],{"class":632},[47,134435,4118],{"class":636},[47,134437,633],{"class":632},[47,134439,69],{"class":61},[47,134441,644],{"class":632},[47,134443,60855],{"class":636},[47,134445,633],{"class":632},[47,134447,80],{"class":61},[47,134449,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134451,103],{"class":102},[47,134453,106],{"class":61},[47,134455,633],{"class":632},[47,134457,644],{"class":632},[47,134459,89],{"class":61},[47,134461,133615],{"class":92},[47,134463,106],{"class":61},[47,134465,665],{"class":92},[47,134467,1978],{"class":61},[20,134469,219],{},[38,134471,134473],{"className":40,"code":134472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,134474,134475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134476,134477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134478,134472],{"class":53},[1404,134480,134482,134485],{"id":134481},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134483,134484],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,134487,134489],{"className":40,"code":134488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134490,134491,134523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134492,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134494,13339],{"class":53},[47,134496,58],{"class":57},[47,134498,62],{"class":61},[47,134500,633],{"class":632},[47,134502,13356],{"class":636},[47,134504,633],{"class":632},[47,134506,69],{"class":61},[47,134508,644],{"class":632},[47,134510,13373],{"class":636},[47,134512,633],{"class":632},[47,134514,69],{"class":61},[47,134516,644],{"class":632},[47,134518,17721],{"class":636},[47,134520,633],{"class":632},[47,134522,80],{"class":61},[47,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134526,103],{"class":102},[47,134528,106],{"class":61},[47,134530,633],{"class":632},[47,134532,2472],{"class":636},[47,134534,633],{"class":632},[47,134536,89],{"class":61},[47,134538,133615],{"class":92},[47,134540,106],{"class":61},[47,134542,17768],{"class":92},[47,134544,1978],{"class":61},[20,134546,219],{},[38,134548,134550],{"className":40,"code":134549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134551,134552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134553,134554,134556,134558,134561,134563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134555,13356],{"class":53},[47,134557,69],{"class":61},[47,134559,134560],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134562,69],{"class":61},[47,134564,36140],{"class":53},[20,134566,134567],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1404,134569,134571,134574],{"id":134570},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134572,134573],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,134576,134578],{"className":40,"code":134577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134579,134580,134612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134583,43103],{"class":53},[47,134585,58],{"class":57},[47,134587,62],{"class":61},[47,134589,633],{"class":632},[47,134591,42],{"class":636},[47,134593,633],{"class":632},[47,134595,69],{"class":61},[47,134597,644],{"class":632},[47,134599,61436],{"class":636},[47,134601,633],{"class":632},[47,134603,69],{"class":61},[47,134605,644],{"class":632},[47,134607,133615],{"class":636},[47,134609,633],{"class":632},[47,134611,80],{"class":61},[47,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134615,103],{"class":102},[47,134617,106],{"class":61},[47,134619,633],{"class":632},[47,134621,2306],{"class":636},[47,134623,633],{"class":632},[47,134625,89],{"class":61},[47,134627,133615],{"class":92},[47,134629,106],{"class":61},[47,134631,43135],{"class":92},[47,134633,1978],{"class":61},[20,134635,219],{},[38,134637,134639],{"className":40,"code":134638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,134640,134641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134644,42],{"class":53},[47,134646,2306],{"class":57},[47,134648,61436],{"class":53},[47,134650,2306],{"class":57},[47,134652,134653],{"class":53},"join\n",[1404,134655,134657,134660],{"id":134656},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134658,134659],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,134662,134664],{"className":40,"code":134663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134665,134666,134699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134667,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134695,134697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134669,113035],{"class":53},[47,134671,58],{"class":57},[47,134673,62],{"class":61},[47,134675,633],{"class":632},[47,134677,22511],{"class":636},[47,134679,633],{"class":632},[47,134681,69],{"class":61},[47,134683,644],{"class":632},[47,134685,30866],{"class":636},[47,134687,633],{"class":632},[47,134689,69],{"class":61},[47,134691,644],{"class":632},[47,134693,134694],{"class":636},"C",[47,134696,633],{"class":632},[47,134698,80],{"class":61},[47,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134716],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134702,103],{"class":102},[47,134704,106],{"class":61},[47,134706,6536],{"class":632},[47,134708,89],{"class":61},[47,134710,133615],{"class":92},[47,134712,106],{"class":61},[47,134714,134715],{"class":92},"chars",[47,134717,1978],{"class":61},[20,134719,219],{},[38,134721,134723],{"className":40,"code":134722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,134724,134725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134726,134727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134728,134722],{"class":34720},[33,134730,134732],{"id":134731},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134734,134735,134737],{},[15,134736,133538],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1404,134739,134741],{"id":134740},"this-works","This works",[38,134743,134745],{"className":40,"code":134744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134746,134747,134779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134748,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134750,4095],{"class":53},[47,134752,58],{"class":57},[47,134754,62],{"class":61},[47,134756,633],{"class":632},[47,134758,437],{"class":636},[47,134760,633],{"class":632},[47,134762,69],{"class":61},[47,134764,644],{"class":632},[47,134766,16019],{"class":636},[47,134768,633],{"class":632},[47,134770,69],{"class":61},[47,134772,644],{"class":632},[47,134774,37105],{"class":636},[47,134776,633],{"class":632},[47,134778,80],{"class":61},[47,134780,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134782,103],{"class":102},[47,134784,106],{"class":61},[47,134786,633],{"class":632},[47,134788,2472],{"class":636},[47,134790,633],{"class":632},[47,134792,89],{"class":61},[47,134794,133615],{"class":92},[47,134796,106],{"class":61},[47,134798,5625],{"class":92},[47,134800,1978],{"class":61},[20,134802,219],{},[38,134804,134806],{"className":40,"code":134805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134807,134808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134809,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134811,437],{"class":65},[47,134813,69],{"class":61},[47,134815,8054],{"class":65},[47,134817,69],{"class":61},[47,134819,134820],{"class":65}," 30\n",[1404,134822,134824],{"id":134823},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,134826,134828],{"className":40,"code":134827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134829,134830,134850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134831,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134833,4095],{"class":53},[47,134835,58],{"class":57},[47,134837,62],{"class":61},[47,134839,232],{"class":65},[47,134841,69],{"class":61},[47,134843,77],{"class":65},[47,134845,69],{"class":61},[47,134847,442],{"class":65},[47,134849,80],{"class":61},[47,134851,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134853,103],{"class":102},[47,134855,106],{"class":61},[47,134857,633],{"class":632},[47,134859,2472],{"class":636},[47,134861,633],{"class":632},[47,134863,89],{"class":61},[47,134865,133615],{"class":92},[47,134867,106],{"class":61},[47,134869,5625],{"class":92},[47,134871,1978],{"class":61},[20,134873,90412,134874,134876],{},[15,134875,1574],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134878,134879],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,134881,134883],{"className":40,"code":134882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134884,134885,134905,134935,134939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134886,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134888,4095],{"class":53},[47,134890,58],{"class":57},[47,134892,62],{"class":61},[47,134894,232],{"class":65},[47,134896,69],{"class":61},[47,134898,77],{"class":65},[47,134900,69],{"class":61},[47,134902,442],{"class":65},[47,134904,80],{"class":61},[47,134906,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,134908,1442],{"class":53},[47,134910,58],{"class":57},[47,134912,644],{"class":632},[47,134914,2472],{"class":636},[47,134916,633],{"class":632},[47,134918,89],{"class":61},[47,134920,133615],{"class":92},[47,134922,106],{"class":61},[47,134924,40124],{"class":102},[47,134926,106],{"class":61},[47,134928,883],{"class":882},[47,134930,69],{"class":61},[47,134932,4156],{"class":92},[47,134934,1978],{"class":61},[47,134936,134937],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,134938,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,134940,134941,134943,134945,134947],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,134942,103],{"class":102},[47,134944,106],{"class":61},[47,134946,1466],{"class":92},[47,134948,216],{"class":61},[20,134950,219],{},[38,134952,134954],{"className":40,"code":134953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134955,134956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134957,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134959,232],{"class":65},[47,134961,69],{"class":61},[47,134963,77],{"class":65},[47,134965,69],{"class":61},[47,134967,2857],{"class":65},[20,134969,134970,134971,89],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[252,134972,1386,134973,3785],{"href":42441},[15,134974,47952],{},[1404,134976,134978,134980],{"id":134977},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134979,124],{}," values do not work directly",[38,134982,134984],{"className":40,"code":134983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134985,134986,135014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134989,4095],{"class":53},[47,134991,58],{"class":57},[47,134993,62],{"class":61},[47,134995,633],{"class":632},[47,134997,647],{"class":636},[47,134999,633],{"class":632},[47,135001,69],{"class":61},[47,135003,4125],{"class":284},[47,135005,69],{"class":61},[47,135007,644],{"class":632},[47,135009,637],{"class":636},[47,135011,633],{"class":632},[47,135013,80],{"class":61},[47,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135017,103],{"class":102},[47,135019,106],{"class":61},[47,135021,633],{"class":632},[47,135023,2472],{"class":636},[47,135025,633],{"class":632},[47,135027,89],{"class":61},[47,135029,133615],{"class":92},[47,135031,106],{"class":61},[47,135033,5625],{"class":92},[47,135035,1978],{"class":61},[20,135037,135038,135039,89],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135040,1574],{},[20,135042,135043],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,135045,135047],{"className":40,"code":135046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135048,135049,135077,135107,135111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135050,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135052,4095],{"class":53},[47,135054,58],{"class":57},[47,135056,62],{"class":61},[47,135058,633],{"class":632},[47,135060,647],{"class":636},[47,135062,633],{"class":632},[47,135064,69],{"class":61},[47,135066,4125],{"class":284},[47,135068,69],{"class":61},[47,135070,644],{"class":632},[47,135072,637],{"class":636},[47,135074,633],{"class":632},[47,135076,80],{"class":61},[47,135078,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135080,1442],{"class":53},[47,135082,58],{"class":57},[47,135084,644],{"class":632},[47,135086,2472],{"class":636},[47,135088,633],{"class":632},[47,135090,89],{"class":61},[47,135092,133615],{"class":92},[47,135094,106],{"class":61},[47,135096,40124],{"class":102},[47,135098,106],{"class":61},[47,135100,883],{"class":882},[47,135102,69],{"class":61},[47,135104,4156],{"class":92},[47,135106,1978],{"class":61},[47,135108,135109],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,135110,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,135112,135113,135115,135117,135119],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,135114,103],{"class":102},[47,135116,106],{"class":61},[47,135118,1466],{"class":92},[47,135120,216],{"class":61},[20,135122,219],{},[38,135124,135126],{"className":40,"code":135125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135127,135128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135131,647],{"class":53},[47,135133,69],{"class":61},[47,135135,4125],{"class":284},[47,135137,69],{"class":61},[47,135139,135140],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,135142,135143,135144,135146],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135145,124],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1404,135148,135150,135152],{"id":135149},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135151,133538],{}," also works with tuples",[38,135154,135156],{"className":40,"code":135155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135157,135158,135190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135159,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135161,5261],{"class":53},[47,135163,58],{"class":57},[47,135165,9500],{"class":61},[47,135167,633],{"class":632},[47,135169,7941],{"class":636},[47,135171,633],{"class":632},[47,135173,69],{"class":61},[47,135175,644],{"class":632},[47,135177,131544],{"class":636},[47,135179,633],{"class":632},[47,135181,69],{"class":61},[47,135183,644],{"class":632},[47,135185,8185],{"class":636},[47,135187,633],{"class":632},[47,135189,216],{"class":61},[47,135191,135192,135194,135196,135198,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135193,103],{"class":102},[47,135195,106],{"class":61},[47,135197,633],{"class":632},[47,135199,135200],{"class":636}," \u002F ",[47,135202,633],{"class":632},[47,135204,89],{"class":61},[47,135206,133615],{"class":92},[47,135208,106],{"class":61},[47,135210,5304],{"class":92},[47,135212,1978],{"class":61},[20,135214,219],{},[38,135216,135218],{"className":40,"code":135217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135219,135220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135221,135222,135225,135227,135230,135232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135223,135224],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,135226,127348],{"class":57},[47,135228,135229],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,135231,127348],{"class":57},[47,135233,22600],{"class":53},[33,135235,135237,135238],{"id":135236},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135239,133538],{},[20,135241,135242],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1404,135244,135246,135247,135249],{"id":135245},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135248,1574],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,135251,135253],{"className":40,"code":135252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135254,135255,135283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135256,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135258,1536],{"class":53},[47,135260,58],{"class":57},[47,135262,62],{"class":61},[47,135264,633],{"class":632},[47,135266,252],{"class":636},[47,135268,633],{"class":632},[47,135270,69],{"class":61},[47,135272,77],{"class":65},[47,135274,69],{"class":61},[47,135276,644],{"class":632},[47,135278,10004],{"class":636},[47,135280,633],{"class":632},[47,135282,80],{"class":61},[47,135284,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135286,103],{"class":102},[47,135288,106],{"class":61},[47,135290,633],{"class":632},[47,135292,644],{"class":632},[47,135294,89],{"class":61},[47,135296,133615],{"class":92},[47,135298,106],{"class":61},[47,135300,1562],{"class":92},[47,135302,1978],{"class":61},[20,135304,48779,135305,135307],{},[15,135306,2340],{}," is an integer.",[20,135309,39526],{},[38,135311,135313],{"className":40,"code":135312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135314,135315,135343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135316,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135318,1536],{"class":53},[47,135320,58],{"class":57},[47,135322,62],{"class":61},[47,135324,633],{"class":632},[47,135326,252],{"class":636},[47,135328,633],{"class":632},[47,135330,69],{"class":61},[47,135332,77],{"class":65},[47,135334,69],{"class":61},[47,135336,644],{"class":632},[47,135338,10004],{"class":636},[47,135340,633],{"class":632},[47,135342,80],{"class":61},[47,135344,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135346,103],{"class":102},[47,135348,106],{"class":61},[47,135350,633],{"class":632},[47,135352,644],{"class":632},[47,135354,89],{"class":61},[47,135356,133615],{"class":92},[47,135358,106],{"class":61},[47,135360,40124],{"class":102},[47,135362,106],{"class":61},[47,135364,883],{"class":882},[47,135366,69],{"class":61},[47,135368,6231],{"class":92},[47,135370,3192],{"class":61},[20,135372,135373,135374,89],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[252,135375,25944,135377],{"href":135376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135378,135379],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1404,135381,135383,135384,135386],{"id":135382},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135385,133538],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135388,4791],{},[38,135390,135392],{"className":40,"code":135391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135393,135394,135426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135395,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135397,625],{"class":53},[47,135399,58],{"class":57},[47,135401,62],{"class":61},[47,135403,633],{"class":632},[47,135405,7561],{"class":636},[47,135407,633],{"class":632},[47,135409,69],{"class":61},[47,135411,644],{"class":632},[47,135413,12457],{"class":636},[47,135415,633],{"class":632},[47,135417,69],{"class":61},[47,135419,644],{"class":632},[47,135421,133596],{"class":636},[47,135423,633],{"class":632},[47,135425,80],{"class":61},[47,135427,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135429,1442],{"class":53},[47,135431,58],{"class":57},[47,135433,6432],{"class":53},[47,135435,89],{"class":61},[47,135437,133615],{"class":92},[47,135439,106],{"class":61},[47,135441,633],{"class":632},[47,135443,644],{"class":632},[47,135445,216],{"class":61},[20,135447,135448,135450],{},[15,135449,133538],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135452,11073],{},[38,135454,135456],{"className":40,"code":135455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135457,135458,135490,135510,135514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135459,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135461,625],{"class":53},[47,135463,58],{"class":57},[47,135465,62],{"class":61},[47,135467,633],{"class":632},[47,135469,7561],{"class":636},[47,135471,633],{"class":632},[47,135473,69],{"class":61},[47,135475,644],{"class":632},[47,135477,12457],{"class":636},[47,135479,633],{"class":632},[47,135481,69],{"class":61},[47,135483,644],{"class":632},[47,135485,133596],{"class":636},[47,135487,633],{"class":632},[47,135489,80],{"class":61},[47,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135493,1442],{"class":53},[47,135495,58],{"class":57},[47,135497,644],{"class":632},[47,135499,644],{"class":632},[47,135501,89],{"class":61},[47,135503,133615],{"class":92},[47,135505,106],{"class":61},[47,135507,665],{"class":92},[47,135509,216],{"class":61},[47,135511,135512],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,135513,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,135515,135516,135518,135520,135522],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,135517,103],{"class":102},[47,135519,106],{"class":61},[47,135521,1466],{"class":92},[47,135523,216],{"class":61},[1404,135525,135527],{"id":135526},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,135529,135531],{"className":40,"code":135530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135532,135533,135565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135534,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135536,625],{"class":53},[47,135538,58],{"class":57},[47,135540,62],{"class":61},[47,135542,633],{"class":632},[47,135544,6850],{"class":636},[47,135546,633],{"class":632},[47,135548,69],{"class":61},[47,135550,644],{"class":632},[47,135552,1549],{"class":636},[47,135554,633],{"class":632},[47,135556,69],{"class":61},[47,135558,644],{"class":632},[47,135560,134342],{"class":636},[47,135562,633],{"class":632},[47,135564,80],{"class":61},[47,135566,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135568,103],{"class":102},[47,135570,106],{"class":61},[47,135572,6536],{"class":632},[47,135574,89],{"class":61},[47,135576,133615],{"class":92},[47,135578,106],{"class":61},[47,135580,665],{"class":92},[47,135582,1978],{"class":61},[20,135584,219],{},[38,135586,135588],{"className":40,"code":135587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,135589,135590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135591,135592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135593,135587],{"class":53},[20,135595,135596,135597,1519],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135598,133683],{},[1404,135600,135602,135603,131806],{"id":135601},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135604,133538],{},[38,135606,135608],{"className":40,"code":135607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135609,135610,135642,135660,135664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135611,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135613,625],{"class":53},[47,135615,58],{"class":57},[47,135617,62],{"class":61},[47,135619,633],{"class":632},[47,135621,252],{"class":636},[47,135623,633],{"class":632},[47,135625,69],{"class":61},[47,135627,644],{"class":632},[47,135629,5026],{"class":636},[47,135631,633],{"class":632},[47,135633,69],{"class":61},[47,135635,644],{"class":632},[47,135637,10004],{"class":636},[47,135639,633],{"class":632},[47,135641,80],{"class":61},[47,135643,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135645,633],{"class":43595},[47,135647,2306],{"class":43599},[47,135649,633],{"class":43595},[47,135651,89],{"class":61},[47,135653,133615],{"class":92},[47,135655,106],{"class":61},[47,135657,665],{"class":92},[47,135659,216],{"class":61},[47,135661,135662],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,135663,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,135665,135666,135668,135670,135672],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,135667,103],{"class":102},[47,135669,106],{"class":61},[47,135671,665],{"class":92},[47,135673,216],{"class":61},[20,135675,219],{},[38,135677,135678],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,135679,135680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135683,229],{"class":61},[47,135685,699],{"class":632},[47,135687,252],{"class":636},[47,135689,699],{"class":632},[47,135691,69],{"class":61},[47,135693,708],{"class":632},[47,135695,5026],{"class":636},[47,135697,699],{"class":632},[47,135699,69],{"class":61},[47,135701,708],{"class":632},[47,135703,10004],{"class":636},[47,135705,699],{"class":632},[47,135707,80],{"class":61},[20,135709,135710,135711,135713],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135712,133538],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[33,135715,135717,135719,135720],{"id":135716},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135718,133538],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135721,2343],{},[20,135723,10855,135724,1233,135726,135728],{},[15,135725,133538],{},[15,135727,2343],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1404,135730,118,135732,135734],{"id":135731},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135733,2343],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,135736,135738],{"className":40,"code":135737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135739,135740,135753,135766,135786,135790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135741,135742,135745,135747,135749,135751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135743,135744],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135746,58],{"class":57},[47,135748,644],{"class":632},[47,135750,35132],{"class":636},[47,135752,1609],{"class":632},[47,135754,135755,135758,135760,135762,135764],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135756,135757],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135759,58],{"class":57},[47,135761,644],{"class":632},[47,135763,89841],{"class":636},[47,135765,1609],{"class":632},[47,135767,135768,135770,135772,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,135769,1442],{"class":53},[47,135771,58],{"class":57},[47,135773,135774],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135776,2343],{"class":57},[47,135778,644],{"class":632},[47,135780,644],{"class":632},[47,135782,2735],{"class":57},[47,135784,135785],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135787,135788],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,135789,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,135791,135792,135794,135796,135798],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,135793,103],{"class":102},[47,135795,106],{"class":61},[47,135797,1466],{"class":92},[47,135799,216],{"class":61},[20,135801,219],{},[38,135803,135805],{"className":40,"code":135804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,135806,135807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135808,135809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135810,135804],{"class":53},[1404,135812,118,135814,135816],{"id":135813},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135815,133538],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,135818,135820],{"className":40,"code":135819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135821,135822,135864,135884,135888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135823,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135843,135845,135847,135849,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135825,625],{"class":53},[47,135827,58],{"class":57},[47,135829,62],{"class":61},[47,135831,633],{"class":632},[47,135833,7561],{"class":636},[47,135835,633],{"class":632},[47,135837,69],{"class":61},[47,135839,644],{"class":632},[47,135841,135842],{"class":636},"makes",[47,135844,633],{"class":632},[47,135846,69],{"class":61},[47,135848,644],{"class":632},[47,135850,135851],{"class":636},"this",[47,135853,633],{"class":632},[47,135855,69],{"class":61},[47,135857,644],{"class":632},[47,135859,134037],{"class":636},[47,135861,633],{"class":632},[47,135863,80],{"class":61},[47,135865,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135867,1442],{"class":53},[47,135869,58],{"class":57},[47,135871,644],{"class":632},[47,135873,644],{"class":632},[47,135875,89],{"class":61},[47,135877,133615],{"class":92},[47,135879,106],{"class":61},[47,135881,665],{"class":92},[47,135883,216],{"class":61},[47,135885,135886],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,135887,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,135889,135890,135892,135894,135896],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,135891,103],{"class":102},[47,135893,106],{"class":61},[47,135895,1466],{"class":92},[47,135897,216],{"class":61},[20,135899,219],{},[38,135901,135903],{"className":40,"code":135902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135904,135905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135906,135907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135908,135902],{"class":53},[20,135910,135911,135913],{},[15,135912,133538],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[138,135915,135916,135919,135922],{},[141,135917,135918],{},"You already have a list of strings",[141,135920,135921],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[141,135923,135924,135925,135927],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135926,2343],{}," operators",[20,135929,135930,135931,89],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[252,135932,135934],{"href":135933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[33,135936,135938],{"id":135937},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135940,9139,135941,135943],{},[15,135942,133538],{}," is not working, check these first:",[138,135945,135946,135949,135954,135963,135969],{},[141,135947,135948],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[141,135950,135951,135952],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135953,124],{},[141,135955,135956,135957,11358,135960],{},"You may have written ",[15,135958,135959],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135961,135962],{},"string.join(...)",[141,135964,135965,135966,135968],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135967,133538],{}," to change the original iterable",[141,135970,135971],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135973,94481],{},[38,135975,135977],{"className":40,"code":135976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135978,135979,135993,136003,136027,136067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135980,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135982,103],{"class":102},[47,135984,106],{"class":61},[47,135986,1971],{"class":882},[47,135988,106],{"class":61},[47,135990,1562],{"class":92},[47,135992,1978],{"class":61},[47,135994,135995,135997,135999,136001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,135996,103],{"class":102},[47,135998,106],{"class":61},[47,136000,1562],{"class":92},[47,136002,216],{"class":61},[47,136004,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136006,103],{"class":102},[47,136008,2015],{"class":61},[47,136010,1971],{"class":882},[47,136012,106],{"class":61},[47,136014,2022],{"class":92},[47,136016,111],{"class":61},[47,136018,2028],{"class":2027},[47,136020,2031],{"class":92},[47,136022,2034],{"class":2027},[47,136024,6231],{"class":92},[47,136026,2040],{"class":61},[47,136028,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136030,103],{"class":102},[47,136032,106],{"class":61},[47,136034,699],{"class":632},[47,136036,708],{"class":632},[47,136038,89],{"class":61},[47,136040,133615],{"class":92},[47,136042,2015],{"class":61},[47,136044,699],{"class":632},[47,136046,252],{"class":636},[47,136048,699],{"class":632},[47,136050,69],{"class":61},[47,136052,708],{"class":632},[47,136054,5026],{"class":636},[47,136056,699],{"class":632},[47,136058,69],{"class":61},[47,136060,708],{"class":632},[47,136062,10004],{"class":636},[47,136064,699],{"class":632},[47,136066,3278],{"class":61},[47,136068,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,136070,103],{"class":102},[47,136072,106],{"class":61},[47,136074,699],{"class":632},[47,136076,2472],{"class":636},[47,136078,699],{"class":632},[47,136080,89],{"class":61},[47,136082,133615],{"class":92},[47,136084,106],{"class":61},[47,136086,40124],{"class":102},[47,136088,106],{"class":61},[47,136090,883],{"class":882},[47,136092,69],{"class":61},[47,136094,62],{"class":61},[47,136096,232],{"class":65},[47,136098,69],{"class":61},[47,136100,77],{"class":65},[47,136102,69],{"class":61},[47,136104,442],{"class":65},[47,136106,37529],{"class":61},[20,136108,136109],{},"What these checks do:",[138,136111,136112,136120,136126,136132,136141],{},[141,136113,136114,136117,136118,8361],{},[15,136115,136116],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136119,1562],{},[141,136121,136122,136125],{},[15,136123,136124],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[141,136127,136128,136131],{},[15,136129,136130],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[141,136133,136134,136137,136138,136140],{},[15,136135,136136],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136139,133538],{}," behavior",[141,136142,136143,136146],{},[15,136144,136145],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[33,136148,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,136150,2082,136152,136154],{"id":136151},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136153,133538],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136156,136157,136158,136160,136161,89],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136159,133538],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136162,136163],{},"map(str, values)",[1404,136165,2082,136167,57429],{"id":136166},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136168,133538],{},[20,136170,136171],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1404,136173,28593,136175,62896],{"id":136174},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136176,133538],{},[20,136178,42418,136179,136181],{},[15,136180,133538],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1404,136183,5408,136185,40225],{"id":136184},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136186,136187],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136189,136190],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1404,136192,136194,136195,136197,136198,2099],{"id":136193},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136196,1574],{}," when using ",[15,136199,133538],{},[20,136201,136202],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[33,136204,2187],{"id":2186},[138,136206,136207,136212,136218,136224,136230],{},[141,136208,136209],{},[252,136210,136211],{"href":135933},"How to join strings in Python",[141,136213,136214],{},[252,136215,126456,136216,11006],{"href":129143},[15,136217,60795],{},[141,136219,136220],{},[252,136221,1386,136222,3785],{"href":42441},[15,136223,47952],{},[141,136225,136226],{},[252,136227,30613,136228],{"href":135376},[15,136229,135379],{},[141,136231,136232],{},[252,136233,125211],{"href":51245},[20,136235,97451,136236,136238],{},[15,136237,133538],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2210,136240,136241],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":136243},[136244,136245,136247,136250,136257,136267,136275,136285,136292,136293,136305],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":133655,"depth":83,"text":136246},"What join() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":136248},[136249],{"id":49278,"depth":99,"text":49279},{"id":121986,"depth":83,"text":121987,"children":136251},[136252,136253,136254,136255],{"id":134002,"depth":99,"text":134003},{"id":134094,"depth":99,"text":134095},{"id":134195,"depth":99,"text":134196},{"id":134304,"depth":99,"text":136256},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134407,"depth":83,"text":134408,"children":136258},[136259,136261,136263,136265],{"id":134414,"depth":99,"text":136260},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134481,"depth":99,"text":136262},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134570,"depth":99,"text":136264},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134656,"depth":99,"text":136266},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134731,"depth":83,"text":134732,"children":136268},[136269,136270,136271,136273],{"id":134740,"depth":99,"text":134741},{"id":134823,"depth":99,"text":134824},{"id":134977,"depth":99,"text":136272},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135149,"depth":99,"text":136274},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135236,"depth":83,"text":136276,"children":136277},"Common errors with join()",[136278,136280,136282,136283],{"id":135245,"depth":99,"text":136279},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135382,"depth":99,"text":136281},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135526,"depth":99,"text":135527},{"id":135601,"depth":99,"text":136284},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135716,"depth":83,"text":136286,"children":136287},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136288,136290],{"id":135731,"depth":99,"text":136289},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135813,"depth":99,"text":136291},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135937,"depth":83,"text":135938},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":136294},[136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"id":136151,"depth":99,"text":136296},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136166,"depth":99,"text":136298},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136174,"depth":99,"text":136300},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136184,"depth":99,"text":136302},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136193,"depth":99,"text":136304},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133530,"description":136306},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136313,"title":136314,"body":136315,"description":137883,"extension":2248,"meta":137884,"navigation":203,"path":137885,"seo":137886,"stem":137887,"__hash__":137888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136316,"toc":137850},[136317,136322,136327,136329,136343,136388,136395,136400,136405,136407,136423,136432,136434,136436,136451,136453,136463,136465,136527,136529,136532,136593,136595,136611,136613,136626,136629,136676,136678,136684,136687,136690,136750,136758,136844,136848,136853,136855,136869,136872,136957,136960,137018,137029,137084,137086,137093,137099,137105,137149,137152,137199,137201,137203,137210,137212,137243,137246,137248,137279,137283,137286,137288,137328,137330,137373,137379,137384,137386,137413,137418,137421,137470,137474,137477,137552,137563,137566,137623,137630,137636,137644,137649,137656,137663,137681,137683,137737,137745,137747,137752,137755,137761,137767,137772,137775,137781,137787,137794,137802,137804,137847],[10,136318,123456,136320,18],{"id":136319},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136321,124186],{},[20,136323,123461,136324,136326],{},[15,136325,124186],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136328,24352],{},[138,136330,136331,136334,136337,136340],{},[141,136332,136333],{},"convert text to lowercase",[141,136335,136336],{},"compare text without case differences",[141,136338,136339],{},"clean up user input",[141,136341,136342],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,136344,136346],{"className":40,"code":136345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136347,136348,136361,136375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136349,136350,136352,136354,136356,136359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136351,1600],{"class":53},[47,136353,58],{"class":57},[47,136355,644],{"class":632},[47,136357,136358],{"class":636},"Hello WORLD",[47,136360,1609],{"class":632},[47,136362,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136364,1442],{"class":53},[47,136366,58],{"class":57},[47,136368,43108],{"class":53},[47,136370,89],{"class":61},[47,136372,889],{"class":92},[47,136374,96],{"class":61},[47,136376,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136378,103],{"class":102},[47,136380,106],{"class":61},[47,136382,1466],{"class":92},[47,136384,111],{"class":61},[47,136386,136387],{"class":114},"  # hello world\n",[20,136389,136390,89064,136392,136394],{},[4015,136391,83922],{},[15,136393,124186],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[33,136396,128,136398,131],{"id":136397},"what-lower-does",[15,136399,124186],{},[20,136401,136402,136404],{},[15,136403,124186],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136406,13315],{},[138,136408,136409,136414,136417,136420],{},[141,136410,136411,136413],{},[15,136412,124186],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[141,136415,136416],{},"It works on string objects",[141,136418,136419],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[141,136421,136422],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136424,125208,136425,136429,136430,89],{},[252,136426,136428],{"href":136427},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[252,136431,51246],{"href":51245},[33,136433,259],{"id":258},[20,136435,2442],{},[38,136437,136439],{"className":40,"code":136438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,136440,136441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136442,136443,136445,136447,136449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136444,61436],{"class":53},[47,136446,89],{"class":61},[47,136448,889],{"class":92},[47,136450,96],{"class":61},[20,136452,43917],{},[138,136454,136455,136457,136460],{},[141,136456,97629],{},[141,136458,136459],{},"You call it directly on a string",[141,136461,136462],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136464,318],{},[38,136466,136468],{"className":40,"code":136467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136469,136470,136493,136497,136510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136471,136472,136474,136476,136478,136481,136483,136485,136487,136490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136473,103],{"class":102},[47,136475,106],{"class":61},[47,136477,633],{"class":632},[47,136479,136480],{"class":636},"HELLO",[47,136482,633],{"class":632},[47,136484,89],{"class":61},[47,136486,889],{"class":92},[47,136488,136489],{"class":61},"())",[47,136491,136492],{"class":114},"  # hello\n",[47,136494,136495],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136496,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136508],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136500,8140],{"class":53},[47,136502,58],{"class":57},[47,136504,644],{"class":632},[47,136506,136507],{"class":636},"PyThOn",[47,136509,1609],{"class":632},[47,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136513,103],{"class":102},[47,136515,106],{"class":61},[47,136517,7932],{"class":92},[47,136519,89],{"class":61},[47,136521,889],{"class":92},[47,136523,136489],{"class":61},[47,136525,136526],{"class":114},"  # python\n",[33,136528,11739],{"id":11738},[20,136530,136531],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,136533,136535],{"className":40,"code":136534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136536,136537,136549,136553,136568,136572,136583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136538,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136540,1600],{"class":53},[47,136542,58],{"class":57},[47,136544,644],{"class":632},[47,136546,136358],{"class":636},[47,136548,1609],{"class":632},[47,136550,136551],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136552,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136554,136555,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136556,136557],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136559,58],{"class":57},[47,136561,43108],{"class":53},[47,136563,89],{"class":61},[47,136565,889],{"class":92},[47,136567,96],{"class":61},[47,136569,136570],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136571,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136573,136574,136576,136578,136581],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,136575,103],{"class":102},[47,136577,106],{"class":61},[47,136579,136580],{"class":92},"lower_text",[47,136582,216],{"class":61},[47,136584,136585,136587,136589,136591],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,136586,103],{"class":102},[47,136588,106],{"class":61},[47,136590,1614],{"class":92},[47,136592,216],{"class":61},[20,136594,219],{},[38,136596,136598],{"className":40,"code":136597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136599,136600,136604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136601,136602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136603,134472],{"class":53},[47,136605,136606,136608],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136607,131872],{"class":53},[47,136609,136610],{"class":34720},"WORLD\n",[20,136612,24872],{},[138,136614,136615,136620],{},[141,136616,136617,136619],{},[15,136618,124186],{}," returns the lowercase result",[141,136621,136622,136623,136625],{},"the original ",[15,136624,1614],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136627,136628],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,136630,136632],{"className":40,"code":136631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136633,136634,136646,136660,136664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136635,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136637,1600],{"class":53},[47,136639,58],{"class":57},[47,136641,644],{"class":632},[47,136643,136358],{"class":636},[47,136645,1609],{"class":632},[47,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136649,1600],{"class":53},[47,136651,58],{"class":57},[47,136653,43108],{"class":53},[47,136655,89],{"class":61},[47,136657,889],{"class":92},[47,136659,96],{"class":61},[47,136661,136662],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136663,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136665,136666,136668,136670,136672,136674],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136667,103],{"class":102},[47,136669,106],{"class":61},[47,136671,1614],{"class":92},[47,136673,111],{"class":61},[47,136675,136387],{"class":114},[33,136677,17684],{"id":17683},[20,136679,136680,22241,136682,89],{},[15,136681,124186],{},[4015,136683,61436],{},[20,136685,136686],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136688,136689],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,136691,136693],{"className":40,"code":136692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136694,136695,136709,136713,136736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136696,136697,136700,136702,136704,136707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136698,136699],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,136701,58],{"class":57},[47,136703,644],{"class":632},[47,136705,136706],{"class":636},"YES",[47,136708,1609],{"class":632},[47,136710,136711],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136712,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136714,136715,136717,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136716,7262],{"class":2027},[47,136718,136719],{"class":53}," answer",[47,136721,89],{"class":61},[47,136723,889],{"class":92},[47,136725,7629],{"class":61},[47,136727,6672],{"class":57},[47,136729,644],{"class":632},[47,136731,8921],{"class":636},[47,136733,633],{"class":632},[47,136735,6657],{"class":61},[47,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136739,8333],{"class":102},[47,136741,106],{"class":61},[47,136743,633],{"class":632},[47,136745,96938],{"class":636},[47,136747,633],{"class":632},[47,136749,216],{"class":61},[20,136751,136752,136753,136],{},"This is especially useful with ",[252,136754,136755,136756,2585],{"href":8484},"the ",[15,136757,3238],{},[38,136759,136761],{"className":40,"code":136760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136762,136763,136782,136786,136808,136823,136829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775,136778,136780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136766,136699],{"class":53},[47,136768,58],{"class":57},[47,136770,8507],{"class":102},[47,136772,106],{"class":61},[47,136774,633],{"class":632},[47,136776,136777],{"class":636},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136779,633],{"class":632},[47,136781,216],{"class":61},[47,136783,136784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136785,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136787,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136789,7262],{"class":2027},[47,136791,136719],{"class":53},[47,136793,89],{"class":61},[47,136795,889],{"class":92},[47,136797,7629],{"class":61},[47,136799,6672],{"class":57},[47,136801,644],{"class":632},[47,136803,8921],{"class":636},[47,136805,633],{"class":632},[47,136807,6657],{"class":61},[47,136809,136810,136812,136814,136816,136819,136821],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136811,8333],{"class":102},[47,136813,106],{"class":61},[47,136815,633],{"class":632},[47,136817,136818],{"class":636},"You typed yes",[47,136820,633],{"class":632},[47,136822,216],{"class":61},[47,136824,136825,136827],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,136826,27698],{"class":2027},[47,136828,6657],{"class":61},[47,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837,136840,136842],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,136832,8333],{"class":102},[47,136834,106],{"class":61},[47,136836,633],{"class":632},[47,136838,136839],{"class":636},"You typed something else",[47,136841,633],{"class":632},[47,136843,216],{"class":61},[33,136845,136847],{"id":136846},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136849,136850,136852],{},[15,136851,124186],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136854,962],{},[138,136856,136857,136860,136863,136866],{},[141,136858,136859],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[141,136861,136862],{},"Make text matching easier",[141,136864,136865],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[141,136867,136868],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136870,136871],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,136873,136875],{"className":40,"code":136874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136876,136877,136895,136899,136921,136936,136942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136878,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136880,45226],{"class":53},[47,136882,58],{"class":57},[47,136884,8507],{"class":102},[47,136886,106],{"class":61},[47,136888,633],{"class":632},[47,136890,45237],{"class":636},[47,136892,633],{"class":632},[47,136894,216],{"class":61},[47,136896,136897],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136898,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136900,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917,136919],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136902,7262],{"class":2027},[47,136904,36117],{"class":53},[47,136906,89],{"class":61},[47,136908,889],{"class":92},[47,136910,7629],{"class":61},[47,136912,6672],{"class":57},[47,136914,644],{"class":632},[47,136916,13373],{"class":636},[47,136918,633],{"class":632},[47,136920,6657],{"class":61},[47,136922,136923,136925,136927,136929,136932,136934],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,136924,8333],{"class":102},[47,136926,106],{"class":61},[47,136928,633],{"class":632},[47,136930,136931],{"class":636},"Nice choice!",[47,136933,633],{"class":632},[47,136935,216],{"class":61},[47,136937,136938,136940],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,136939,27698],{"class":2027},[47,136941,6657],{"class":61},[47,136943,136944,136946,136948,136950,136953,136955],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,136945,8333],{"class":102},[47,136947,106],{"class":61},[47,136949,633],{"class":632},[47,136951,136952],{"class":636},"Got it.",[47,136954,633],{"class":632},[47,136956,216],{"class":61},[20,136958,136959],{},"Example: simple search",[38,136961,136963],{"className":40,"code":136962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136964,136965,136978,136982,137003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136966,136967,136969,136971,136973,136976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136968,90108],{"class":53},[47,136970,58],{"class":57},[47,136972,644],{"class":632},[47,136974,136975],{"class":636},"Python Is Fun",[47,136977,1609],{"class":632},[47,136979,136980],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,136981,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,136983,136984,136986,136988,136990,136992,136994,136997,136999,137001],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,136985,7262],{"class":2027},[47,136987,644],{"class":632},[47,136989,42],{"class":636},[47,136991,633],{"class":632},[47,136993,21439],{"class":57},[47,136995,136996],{"class":53}," message",[47,136998,89],{"class":61},[47,137000,889],{"class":92},[47,137002,21861],{"class":61},[47,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011,137014,137016],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137006,8333],{"class":102},[47,137008,106],{"class":61},[47,137010,633],{"class":632},[47,137012,137013],{"class":636},"Found it",[47,137015,633],{"class":632},[47,137017,216],{"class":61},[20,137019,137020,137021,137023,137024,136],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137022,124186],{}," is often used with ",[252,137025,137027],{"href":137026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137028,41919],{},[38,137030,137032],{"className":40,"code":137031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137033,137034,137047,137066,137070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137035,137036,137038,137040,137042,137045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137037,8140],{"class":53},[47,137039,58],{"class":57},[47,137041,644],{"class":632},[47,137043,137044],{"class":636},"  ALICE  ",[47,137046,1609],{"class":632},[47,137048,137049,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137050,137051],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,137053,58],{"class":57},[47,137055,36258],{"class":53},[47,137057,89],{"class":61},[47,137059,8899],{"class":92},[47,137061,8902],{"class":61},[47,137063,889],{"class":92},[47,137065,96],{"class":61},[47,137067,137068],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137069,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137071,137072,137074,137076,137079,137081],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137073,103],{"class":102},[47,137075,106],{"class":61},[47,137077,137078],{"class":92},"clean_name",[47,137080,111],{"class":61},[47,137082,137083],{"class":114},"  # alice\n",[33,137085,15861],{"id":15860},[20,137087,137088,137089,137092],{},"Strings are ",[4015,137090,137091],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137094,137095,137096,137098],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137097,124186],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137100,137101,137102,137104],{},"So this does ",[4015,137103,4896],{}," update the original variable:",[38,137106,137108],{"className":40,"code":137107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137109,137110,137122,137132,137136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137111,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137113,1600],{"class":53},[47,137115,58],{"class":57},[47,137117,644],{"class":632},[47,137119,136480],{"class":636},[47,137121,1609],{"class":632},[47,137123,137124,137126,137128,137130],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137125,1614],{"class":53},[47,137127,89],{"class":61},[47,137129,889],{"class":92},[47,137131,96],{"class":61},[47,137133,137134],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137135,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137137,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137139,103],{"class":102},[47,137141,106],{"class":61},[47,137143,1614],{"class":92},[47,137145,111],{"class":61},[47,137147,137148],{"class":114},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137150,137151],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,137153,137155],{"className":40,"code":137154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137156,137157,137169,137183,137187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137158,137159,137161,137163,137165,137167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137160,1600],{"class":53},[47,137162,58],{"class":57},[47,137164,644],{"class":632},[47,137166,136480],{"class":636},[47,137168,1609],{"class":632},[47,137170,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137172,1600],{"class":53},[47,137174,58],{"class":57},[47,137176,43108],{"class":53},[47,137178,89],{"class":61},[47,137180,889],{"class":92},[47,137182,96],{"class":61},[47,137184,137185],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137186,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137190,103],{"class":102},[47,137192,106],{"class":61},[47,137194,1614],{"class":92},[47,137196,111],{"class":61},[47,137198,136492],{"class":114},[33,137200,1397],{"id":1396},[1404,137202,25952],{"id":25951},[20,137204,137205,137206,11358,137208,89],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137207,889],{},[15,137209,124186],{},[20,137211,1590],{},[38,137213,137215],{"className":40,"code":137214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137216,137217,137229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137218,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137220,1600],{"class":53},[47,137222,58],{"class":57},[47,137224,644],{"class":632},[47,137226,136480],{"class":636},[47,137228,1609],{"class":632},[47,137230,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239,137241],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137232,103],{"class":102},[47,137234,106],{"class":61},[47,137236,1614],{"class":92},[47,137238,89],{"class":61},[47,137240,889],{"class":888},[47,137242,216],{"class":61},[20,137244,137245],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137247,16920],{},[38,137249,137251],{"className":40,"code":137250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137252,137253,137265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137254,137255,137257,137259,137261,137263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137256,1600],{"class":53},[47,137258,58],{"class":57},[47,137260,644],{"class":632},[47,137262,136480],{"class":636},[47,137264,1609],{"class":632},[47,137266,137267,137269,137271,137273,137275,137277],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137268,103],{"class":102},[47,137270,106],{"class":61},[47,137272,1614],{"class":92},[47,137274,89],{"class":61},[47,137276,889],{"class":92},[47,137278,1993],{"class":61},[1404,137280,137282],{"id":137281},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137284,137285],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137287,1590],{},[38,137289,137291],{"className":40,"code":137290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137292,137293,137305,137315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137294,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137296,1600],{"class":53},[47,137298,58],{"class":57},[47,137300,644],{"class":632},[47,137302,136480],{"class":636},[47,137304,1609],{"class":632},[47,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137308,1614],{"class":53},[47,137310,89],{"class":61},[47,137312,889],{"class":92},[47,137314,96],{"class":61},[47,137316,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137318,103],{"class":102},[47,137320,106],{"class":61},[47,137322,1614],{"class":92},[47,137324,111],{"class":61},[47,137326,137327],{"class":114},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137329,16920],{},[38,137331,137333],{"className":40,"code":137332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137334,137335,137347,137361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137338,1600],{"class":53},[47,137340,58],{"class":57},[47,137342,644],{"class":632},[47,137344,136480],{"class":636},[47,137346,1609],{"class":632},[47,137348,137349,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137350,1600],{"class":53},[47,137352,58],{"class":57},[47,137354,43108],{"class":53},[47,137356,89],{"class":61},[47,137358,889],{"class":92},[47,137360,96],{"class":61},[47,137362,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137364,103],{"class":102},[47,137366,106],{"class":61},[47,137368,1614],{"class":92},[47,137370,111],{"class":61},[47,137372,136492],{"class":114},[1404,137374,8681,137376,137378],{"id":137375},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137377,124186],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137380,137381,137383],{},[15,137382,124186],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137385,1590],{},[38,137387,137389],{"className":40,"code":137388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137390,137391,137399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137392,137393,137395,137397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137394,2500],{"class":53},[47,137396,58],{"class":57},[47,137398,125138],{"class":65},[47,137400,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409,137411],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137402,103],{"class":102},[47,137404,106],{"class":61},[47,137406,2522],{"class":92},[47,137408,89],{"class":61},[47,137410,889],{"class":92},[47,137412,1993],{"class":61},[20,137414,137415,137416,1626],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137417,124186],{},[20,137419,137420],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,137422,137424],{"className":40,"code":137423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137425,137426,137438,137442,137456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137427,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137429,1600],{"class":53},[47,137431,58],{"class":57},[47,137433,644],{"class":632},[47,137435,136480],{"class":636},[47,137437,1609],{"class":632},[47,137439,137440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137441,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137445,103],{"class":102},[47,137447,106],{"class":61},[47,137449,1971],{"class":882},[47,137451,106],{"class":61},[47,137453,1614],{"class":92},[47,137455,1978],{"class":61},[47,137457,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137459,103],{"class":102},[47,137461,106],{"class":61},[47,137463,1614],{"class":92},[47,137465,89],{"class":61},[47,137467,889],{"class":92},[47,137469,1993],{"class":61},[1404,137471,137473],{"id":137472},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137475,137476],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,137478,137480],{"className":40,"code":137479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137481,137482,137495,137499,137516,137531,137537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137483,137484,137486,137488,137490,137493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137485,136699],{"class":53},[47,137487,58],{"class":57},[47,137489,644],{"class":632},[47,137491,137492],{"class":636},"Yes",[47,137494,1609],{"class":632},[47,137496,137497],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137498,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137500,137501,137503,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137502,7262],{"class":2027},[47,137504,137505],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137507,4954],{"class":57},[47,137509,644],{"class":632},[47,137511,8921],{"class":636},[47,137513,633],{"class":632},[47,137515,6657],{"class":61},[47,137517,137518,137520,137522,137524,137527,137529],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137519,8333],{"class":102},[47,137521,106],{"class":61},[47,137523,633],{"class":632},[47,137525,137526],{"class":636},"Match",[47,137528,633],{"class":632},[47,137530,216],{"class":61},[47,137532,137533,137535],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,137534,27698],{"class":2027},[47,137536,6657],{"class":61},[47,137538,137539,137541,137543,137545,137548,137550],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,137540,8333],{"class":102},[47,137542,106],{"class":61},[47,137544,633],{"class":632},[47,137546,137547],{"class":636},"No match",[47,137549,633],{"class":632},[47,137551,216],{"class":61},[20,137553,29326,137554,1233,137557,137560,137561,89],{},[15,137555,137556],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137558,137559],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137562,137547],{},[20,137564,137565],{},"Better:",[38,137567,137569],{"className":40,"code":137568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137570,137571,137583,137587,137609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137572,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137574,136699],{"class":53},[47,137576,58],{"class":57},[47,137578,644],{"class":632},[47,137580,137492],{"class":636},[47,137582,1609],{"class":632},[47,137584,137585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137586,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137588,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137590,7262],{"class":2027},[47,137592,136719],{"class":53},[47,137594,89],{"class":61},[47,137596,889],{"class":92},[47,137598,7629],{"class":61},[47,137600,6672],{"class":57},[47,137602,644],{"class":632},[47,137604,8921],{"class":636},[47,137606,633],{"class":632},[47,137608,6657],{"class":61},[47,137610,137611,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137612,8333],{"class":102},[47,137614,106],{"class":61},[47,137616,633],{"class":632},[47,137618,137526],{"class":636},[47,137620,633],{"class":632},[47,137622,216],{"class":61},[1404,137624,44480,137626,137629],{"id":137625},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137627,137628],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137631,137632,137633,137635],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137634,124186],{}," is enough.",[20,137637,137638,137639,137641,137642,89],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137640,137628],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137643,124186],{},[20,137645,137646,137647,122698],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137648,124186],{},[33,137650,137652,1225,137654],{"id":137651},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137653,124186],{},[15,137655,128334],{},[20,137657,137658,1233,137660,137662],{},[15,137659,124186],{},[15,137661,128334],{}," are very similar.",[138,137664,137665,137670,137675,137678],{},[141,137666,137667,137669],{},[15,137668,124186],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[141,137671,137672,137674],{},[15,137673,128334],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[141,137676,137677],{},"Both return new strings",[141,137679,137680],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137682,318],{},[38,137684,137686],{"className":40,"code":137685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137687,137688,137700,137704,137720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137691,1600],{"class":53},[47,137693,58],{"class":57},[47,137695,644],{"class":632},[47,137697,129175],{"class":636},[47,137699,1609],{"class":632},[47,137701,137702],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137703,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,137705,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137707,103],{"class":102},[47,137709,106],{"class":61},[47,137711,1614],{"class":92},[47,137713,89],{"class":61},[47,137715,889],{"class":92},[47,137717,136489],{"class":61},[47,137719,136387],{"class":114},[47,137721,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,137723,103],{"class":102},[47,137725,106],{"class":61},[47,137727,1614],{"class":92},[47,137729,89],{"class":61},[47,137731,34745],{"class":92},[47,137733,136489],{"class":61},[47,137735,137736],{"class":114},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137738,137739,137740,89],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[252,137741,126456,137743,11006],{"href":137742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137744,128334],{},[33,137746,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,137748,2082,137750,124783],{"id":137749},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137751,124186],{},[20,137753,137754],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1404,137756,2082,137758,137760],{"id":137757},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137759,124186],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137762,137763,137764,89],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137765,137766],{},"string.lower()",[1404,137768,5408,137770,12978],{"id":137769},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137771,124186],{},[20,137773,137774],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1404,137776,28593,137778,137780],{"id":137777},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137779,124186],{}," on user input?",[20,137782,137783,137784,137786],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137785,3238],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1404,137788,2094,137790,1233,137792,2099],{"id":137789},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137791,124186],{},[15,137793,137628],{},[20,137795,137796,137798,137799,137801],{},[15,137797,124186],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137800,137628],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[33,137803,2187],{"id":2186},[138,137805,137806,137810,137816,137822,137828,137832,137836,137842],{},[141,137807,137808],{},[252,137809,51246],{"href":51245},[141,137811,137812],{},[252,137813,126456,137814,11006],{"href":137742},[15,137815,128334],{},[141,137817,137818],{},[252,137819,126456,137820,11006],{"href":137026},[15,137821,41919],{},[141,137823,137824],{},[252,137825,126456,137826,11006],{"href":130037},[15,137827,124627],{},[141,137829,137830],{},[252,137831,124855],{"href":123711},[141,137833,137834],{},[252,137835,90784],{"href":89793},[141,137837,137838],{},[252,137839,1386,137840,3785],{"href":8484},[15,137841,3238],{},[141,137843,137844],{},[252,137845,137846],{"href":136427},"What is a string in Python?",[2210,137848,137849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":137851},[137852,137854,137855,137856,137857,137858,137859,137868,137870,137882],{"id":136397,"depth":83,"text":137853},"What lower() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":136846,"depth":83,"text":136847},{"id":15860,"depth":83,"text":15861},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":137860},[137861,137862,137863,137865,137866],{"id":25951,"depth":99,"text":25952},{"id":137281,"depth":99,"text":137282},{"id":137375,"depth":99,"text":137864},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137472,"depth":99,"text":137473},{"id":137625,"depth":99,"text":137867},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137651,"depth":83,"text":137869},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":137871},[137872,137874,137876,137878,137880],{"id":137749,"depth":99,"text":137873},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137757,"depth":99,"text":137875},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137769,"depth":99,"text":137877},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137777,"depth":99,"text":137879},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137789,"depth":99,"text":137881},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136314,"description":137883},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137890,"title":137891,"body":137892,"description":139442,"extension":2248,"meta":139443,"navigation":203,"path":139444,"seo":139445,"stem":139446,"__hash__":139447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137893,"toc":139403},[137894,137899,137904,137910,137925,137927,137987,137989,137998,138004,138009,138014,138016,138030,138034,138036,138083,138085,138103,138105,138108,138179,138181,138195,138198,138210,138219,138223,138228,138233,138237,138303,138305,138314,138318,138383,138385,138394,138397,138402,138406,138411,138415,138476,138478,138487,138491,138494,138550,138552,138561,138564,138577,138579,138583,138590,138652,138654,138667,138673,138676,138683,138688,138693,138696,138704,138706,138767,138769,138778,138781,138828,138831,138878,138880,138885,138902,138909,138914,138967,138969,138977,138979,139036,139038,139046,139050,139097,139099,139107,139115,139119,139167,139169,139178,139183,139234,139236,139245,139252,139255,139276,139278,139283,139286,139290,139293,139297,139300,139327,139333,139336,139363,139368,139370,139372,139400],[10,137895,123456,137897,18],{"id":137896},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137898,124627],{},[20,137900,123461,137901,137903],{},[15,137902,124627],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137905,137906,137907,137909],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137908,124627],{},". You will learn:",[138,137911,137912,137916,137919,137922],{},[141,137913,26283,137914,131],{},[15,137915,124627],{},[141,137917,137918],{},"how its syntax works",[141,137920,137921],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[141,137923,137924],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[33,137926,36],{"id":35},[38,137928,137930],{"className":40,"code":137929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137931,137932,137945,137977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137935,1600],{"class":53},[47,137937,58],{"class":57},[47,137939,644],{"class":632},[47,137941,137942],{"class":636},"I like cats",[47,137944,1609],{"class":632},[47,137946,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137964,137966,137968,137970,137973,137975],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,137948,130295],{"class":53},[47,137950,58],{"class":57},[47,137952,43108],{"class":53},[47,137954,89],{"class":61},[47,137956,35264],{"class":92},[47,137958,106],{"class":61},[47,137960,633],{"class":632},[47,137962,137963],{"class":636},"cats",[47,137965,633],{"class":632},[47,137967,69],{"class":61},[47,137969,644],{"class":632},[47,137971,137972],{"class":636},"dogs",[47,137974,633],{"class":632},[47,137976,216],{"class":61},[47,137978,137979,137981,137983,137985],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,137980,103],{"class":102},[47,137982,106],{"class":61},[47,137984,130326],{"class":92},[47,137986,216],{"class":61},[20,137988,219],{},[38,137990,137992],{"className":40,"code":137991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,137993,137994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137995,137996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137997,137991],{"class":53},[20,137999,118,138000,138003],{},[15,138001,138002],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[33,138005,128,138007,131],{"id":138006},"what-replace-does",[15,138008,124627],{},[20,138010,138011,138013],{},[15,138012,124627],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138015,13315],{},[138,138017,138018,138020,138022,138025],{},[141,138019,133704],{},[141,138021,136422],{},[141,138023,138024],{},"It works on exact matches",[141,138026,138027,138028],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138029,41525],{},[20,138031,125208,138032,89],{},[252,138033,125211],{"href":51245},[33,138035,5698],{"id":5697},[38,138037,138039],{"className":40,"code":138038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138040,138041,138061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138054,138056,138059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138044,61436],{"class":53},[47,138046,89],{"class":61},[47,138048,35264],{"class":92},[47,138050,106],{"class":61},[47,138052,138053],{"class":92},"old",[47,138055,69],{"class":61},[47,138057,138058],{"class":92}," new",[47,138060,216],{"class":61},[47,138062,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138064,61436],{"class":53},[47,138066,89],{"class":61},[47,138068,35264],{"class":92},[47,138070,106],{"class":61},[47,138072,138053],{"class":92},[47,138074,69],{"class":61},[47,138076,138058],{"class":92},[47,138078,69],{"class":61},[47,138080,49871],{"class":92},[47,138082,216],{"class":61},[1404,138084,17660],{"id":17659},[138,138086,138087,138092,138098],{},[141,138088,138089,138091],{},[15,138090,138053],{}," = the text to find",[141,138093,138094,138097],{},[15,138095,138096],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[141,138099,138100,138102],{},[15,138101,41525],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[33,138104,6053],{"id":6052},[20,138106,138107],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,138109,138111],{"className":40,"code":138110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138112,138113,138125,138155,138159,138169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138114,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138116,1600],{"class":53},[47,138118,58],{"class":57},[47,138120,644],{"class":632},[47,138122,137942],{"class":636},[47,138124,1609],{"class":632},[47,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138128,130295],{"class":53},[47,138130,58],{"class":57},[47,138132,43108],{"class":53},[47,138134,89],{"class":61},[47,138136,35264],{"class":92},[47,138138,106],{"class":61},[47,138140,633],{"class":632},[47,138142,137963],{"class":636},[47,138144,633],{"class":632},[47,138146,69],{"class":61},[47,138148,644],{"class":632},[47,138150,137972],{"class":636},[47,138152,633],{"class":632},[47,138154,216],{"class":61},[47,138156,138157],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138158,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138160,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138162,103],{"class":102},[47,138164,106],{"class":61},[47,138166,1614],{"class":92},[47,138168,216],{"class":61},[47,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,138172,103],{"class":102},[47,138174,106],{"class":61},[47,138176,130326],{"class":92},[47,138178,216],{"class":61},[20,138180,219],{},[38,138182,138184],{"className":40,"code":138183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138185,138186,138191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138187,138188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138189,138190],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,138192,138193],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138194,137991],{"class":53},[20,138196,138197],{},"Notice what happened:",[138,138199,138200,138205],{},[141,138201,138202,138204],{},[15,138203,1614],{}," did not change",[141,138206,138207,138209],{},[15,138208,130326],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138211,138212,138213,138215,138216,138218],{},"This happens because strings are ",[4015,138214,137091],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138217,124627],{}," return a new string instead.",[33,138220,138222],{"id":138221},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138224,89802,138225,138227],{},[15,138226,124627],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138229,138230,138231,36885],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138232,41525],{},[1404,138234,138236],{"id":138235},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,138238,138240],{"className":40,"code":138239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138241,138242,138255,138289,138293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138243,138244,138246,138248,138250,138253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138245,1600],{"class":53},[47,138247,58],{"class":57},[47,138249,644],{"class":632},[47,138251,138252],{"class":636},"cat cat cat",[47,138254,1609],{"class":632},[47,138256,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138258,1442],{"class":53},[47,138260,58],{"class":57},[47,138262,43108],{"class":53},[47,138264,89],{"class":61},[47,138266,35264],{"class":92},[47,138268,106],{"class":61},[47,138270,633],{"class":632},[47,138272,37311],{"class":636},[47,138274,633],{"class":632},[47,138276,69],{"class":61},[47,138278,644],{"class":632},[47,138280,58392],{"class":636},[47,138282,633],{"class":632},[47,138284,69],{"class":61},[47,138286,72],{"class":65},[47,138288,216],{"class":61},[47,138290,138291],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138292,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138294,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138296,103],{"class":102},[47,138298,106],{"class":61},[47,138300,1466],{"class":92},[47,138302,216],{"class":61},[20,138304,219],{},[38,138306,138308],{"className":40,"code":138307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138309,138310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138311,138312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138313,138307],{"class":53},[1404,138315,138317],{"id":138316},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,138319,138321],{"className":40,"code":138320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138322,138323,138335,138369,138373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138324,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138326,1600],{"class":53},[47,138328,58],{"class":57},[47,138330,644],{"class":632},[47,138332,138252],{"class":636},[47,138334,1609],{"class":632},[47,138336,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138338,1442],{"class":53},[47,138340,58],{"class":57},[47,138342,43108],{"class":53},[47,138344,89],{"class":61},[47,138346,35264],{"class":92},[47,138348,106],{"class":61},[47,138350,633],{"class":632},[47,138352,37311],{"class":636},[47,138354,633],{"class":632},[47,138356,69],{"class":61},[47,138358,644],{"class":632},[47,138360,58392],{"class":636},[47,138362,633],{"class":632},[47,138364,69],{"class":61},[47,138366,77],{"class":65},[47,138368,216],{"class":61},[47,138370,138371],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138372,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138374,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138376,103],{"class":102},[47,138378,106],{"class":61},[47,138380,1466],{"class":92},[47,138382,216],{"class":61},[20,138384,219],{},[38,138386,138388],{"className":40,"code":138387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138389,138390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138391,138392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138393,138387],{"class":53},[20,138395,138396],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138398,138399,138400,89],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[252,138401,128180],{"href":124624},[33,138403,138405],{"id":138404},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138407,138408,138410],{},[15,138409,124627],{}," can also change single characters.",[1404,138412,138414],{"id":138413},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,138416,138418],{"className":40,"code":138417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138419,138420,138432,138462,138466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138421,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138423,1600],{"class":53},[47,138425,58],{"class":57},[47,138427,644],{"class":632},[47,138429,637],{"class":636},[47,138431,1609],{"class":632},[47,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138435,1442],{"class":53},[47,138437,58],{"class":57},[47,138439,43108],{"class":53},[47,138441,89],{"class":61},[47,138443,35264],{"class":92},[47,138445,106],{"class":61},[47,138447,633],{"class":632},[47,138449,252],{"class":636},[47,138451,633],{"class":632},[47,138453,69],{"class":61},[47,138455,644],{"class":632},[47,138457,1713],{"class":636},[47,138459,633],{"class":632},[47,138461,216],{"class":61},[47,138463,138464],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138465,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138467,138468,138470,138472,138474],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138469,103],{"class":102},[47,138471,106],{"class":61},[47,138473,1466],{"class":92},[47,138475,216],{"class":61},[20,138477,219],{},[38,138479,138481],{"className":40,"code":138480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,138482,138483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138484,138485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138486,138480],{"class":53},[1404,138488,138490],{"id":138489},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138492,138493],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,138495,138497],{"className":40,"code":138496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138498,138499,138512,138536,138540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138500,138501,138503,138505,138507,138510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138502,1600],{"class":53},[47,138504,58],{"class":57},[47,138506,644],{"class":632},[47,138508,138509],{"class":636},"a b c",[47,138511,1609],{"class":632},[47,138513,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138515,1442],{"class":53},[47,138517,58],{"class":57},[47,138519,43108],{"class":53},[47,138521,89],{"class":61},[47,138523,35264],{"class":92},[47,138525,106],{"class":61},[47,138527,633],{"class":632},[47,138529,644],{"class":632},[47,138531,69],{"class":61},[47,138533,6390],{"class":632},[47,138535,216],{"class":61},[47,138537,138538],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138539,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138541,138542,138544,138546,138548],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138543,103],{"class":102},[47,138545,106],{"class":61},[47,138547,1466],{"class":92},[47,138549,216],{"class":61},[20,138551,219],{},[38,138553,138555],{"className":40,"code":138554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,138556,138557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138558,138559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138560,138554],{"class":53},[20,138562,138563],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138565,138566,138567,138571,138572,138576],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[252,138568,126456,138569,11006],{"href":129143},[15,138570,60795],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[252,138573,126456,138574,11006],{"href":137026},[15,138575,41919],{}," is often a better choice.",[33,138578,124103],{"id":124102},[20,138580,138581,123914],{},[15,138582,124627],{},[20,138584,127501,138585,1233,138587,127508],{},[15,138586,113140],{},[15,138588,138589],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,138591,138593],{"className":40,"code":138592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138594,138595,138608,138638,138642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138596,138597,138599,138601,138603,138606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138598,1600],{"class":53},[47,138600,58],{"class":57},[47,138602,644],{"class":632},[47,138604,138605],{"class":636},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138607,1609],{"class":632},[47,138609,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138611,1442],{"class":53},[47,138613,58],{"class":57},[47,138615,43108],{"class":53},[47,138617,89],{"class":61},[47,138619,35264],{"class":92},[47,138621,106],{"class":61},[47,138623,633],{"class":632},[47,138625,37311],{"class":636},[47,138627,633],{"class":632},[47,138629,69],{"class":61},[47,138631,644],{"class":632},[47,138633,58392],{"class":636},[47,138635,633],{"class":632},[47,138637,216],{"class":61},[47,138639,138640],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138641,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138643,138644,138646,138648,138650],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138645,103],{"class":102},[47,138647,106],{"class":61},[47,138649,1466],{"class":92},[47,138651,216],{"class":61},[20,138653,219],{},[38,138655,138657],{"className":40,"code":138656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138658,138659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138660,138661,138664],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138662,138663],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138665,138666],{"class":34720},"CAT\n",[20,138668,138669,138670,138672],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138671,113140],{}," was replaced.",[20,138674,138675],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138677,138678,138679,89],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[252,138680,126456,138681,11006],{"href":124183},[15,138682,124186],{},[33,138684,128,138686,11970],{"id":138685},"what-replace-returns",[15,138687,124627],{},[20,138689,138690,138692],{},[15,138691,124627],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138694,138695],{},"If no match is found:",[138,138697,138698,138701],{},[141,138699,138700],{},"no error happens",[141,138702,138703],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138705,318],{},[38,138707,138709],{"className":40,"code":138708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138710,138711,138723,138753,138757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138712,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138714,1600],{"class":53},[47,138716,58],{"class":57},[47,138718,644],{"class":632},[47,138720,4118],{"class":636},[47,138722,1609],{"class":632},[47,138724,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138726,1442],{"class":53},[47,138728,58],{"class":57},[47,138730,43108],{"class":53},[47,138732,89],{"class":61},[47,138734,35264],{"class":92},[47,138736,106],{"class":61},[47,138738,633],{"class":632},[47,138740,2456],{"class":636},[47,138742,633],{"class":632},[47,138744,69],{"class":61},[47,138746,644],{"class":632},[47,138748,1739],{"class":636},[47,138750,633],{"class":632},[47,138752,216],{"class":61},[47,138754,138755],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138756,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,138758,138759,138761,138763,138765],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,138760,103],{"class":102},[47,138762,106],{"class":61},[47,138764,1466],{"class":92},[47,138766,216],{"class":61},[20,138768,219],{},[38,138770,138772],{"className":40,"code":138771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,138773,138774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138775,138776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138777,138771],{"class":53},[20,138779,138780],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,138782,138784],{"className":40,"code":138783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138785,138786,138798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138787,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138789,1600],{"class":53},[47,138791,58],{"class":57},[47,138793,644],{"class":632},[47,138795,60672],{"class":636},[47,138797,1609],{"class":632},[47,138799,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138801,130295],{"class":53},[47,138803,58],{"class":57},[47,138805,43108],{"class":53},[47,138807,89],{"class":61},[47,138809,35264],{"class":92},[47,138811,106],{"class":61},[47,138813,633],{"class":632},[47,138815,60855],{"class":636},[47,138817,633],{"class":632},[47,138819,69],{"class":61},[47,138821,644],{"class":632},[47,138823,7561],{"class":636},[47,138825,633],{"class":632},[47,138827,216],{"class":61},[20,138829,138830],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,138832,138834],{"className":40,"code":138833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138835,138836,138848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138837,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138839,1600],{"class":53},[47,138841,58],{"class":57},[47,138843,644],{"class":632},[47,138845,60672],{"class":636},[47,138847,1609],{"class":632},[47,138849,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138851,1600],{"class":53},[47,138853,58],{"class":57},[47,138855,43108],{"class":53},[47,138857,89],{"class":61},[47,138859,35264],{"class":92},[47,138861,106],{"class":61},[47,138863,633],{"class":632},[47,138865,60855],{"class":636},[47,138867,633],{"class":632},[47,138869,69],{"class":61},[47,138871,644],{"class":632},[47,138873,7561],{"class":636},[47,138875,633],{"class":632},[47,138877,216],{"class":61},[33,138879,4784],{"id":4783},[20,138881,138882,138883,136],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138884,124627],{},[138,138886,138887,138890,138894,138897],{},[141,138888,138889],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[141,138891,8717,138892,131676],{},[15,138893,124627],{},[141,138895,138896],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[141,138898,37468,138899,138901],{},[15,138900,124627],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1404,138903,138905,138906,138908],{"id":138904},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138907,124627],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138910,138911,138912,136],{},"This does not update ",[15,138913,1614],{},[38,138915,138917],{"className":40,"code":138916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138918,138919,138931,138957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138920,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138922,1600],{"class":53},[47,138924,58],{"class":57},[47,138926,644],{"class":632},[47,138928,137942],{"class":636},[47,138930,1609],{"class":632},[47,138932,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138934,1614],{"class":53},[47,138936,89],{"class":61},[47,138938,35264],{"class":92},[47,138940,106],{"class":61},[47,138942,633],{"class":632},[47,138944,137963],{"class":636},[47,138946,633],{"class":632},[47,138948,69],{"class":61},[47,138950,644],{"class":632},[47,138952,137972],{"class":636},[47,138954,633],{"class":632},[47,138956,216],{"class":61},[47,138958,138959,138961,138963,138965],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,138960,103],{"class":102},[47,138962,106],{"class":61},[47,138964,1614],{"class":92},[47,138966,216],{"class":61},[20,138968,219],{},[38,138970,138971],{"className":40,"code":138190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138972,138973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138974,138975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138976,138190],{"class":53},[20,138978,11073],{},[38,138980,138982],{"className":40,"code":138981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138983,138984,138996,139026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138985,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138987,1600],{"class":53},[47,138989,58],{"class":57},[47,138991,644],{"class":632},[47,138993,137942],{"class":636},[47,138995,1609],{"class":632},[47,138997,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,138999,1600],{"class":53},[47,139001,58],{"class":57},[47,139003,43108],{"class":53},[47,139005,89],{"class":61},[47,139007,35264],{"class":92},[47,139009,106],{"class":61},[47,139011,633],{"class":632},[47,139013,137963],{"class":636},[47,139015,633],{"class":632},[47,139017,69],{"class":61},[47,139019,644],{"class":632},[47,139021,137972],{"class":636},[47,139023,633],{"class":632},[47,139025,216],{"class":61},[47,139027,139028,139030,139032,139034],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,139029,103],{"class":102},[47,139031,106],{"class":61},[47,139033,1614],{"class":92},[47,139035,216],{"class":61},[20,139037,219],{},[38,139039,139040],{"className":40,"code":137991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139041,139042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139043,139044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139045,137991],{"class":53},[1404,139047,139049],{"id":139048},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,139051,139053],{"className":40,"code":139052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139054,139055,139067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139056,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139058,1600],{"class":53},[47,139060,58],{"class":57},[47,139062,644],{"class":632},[47,139064,35132],{"class":636},[47,139066,1609],{"class":632},[47,139068,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139070,103],{"class":102},[47,139072,106],{"class":61},[47,139074,1614],{"class":92},[47,139076,89],{"class":61},[47,139078,35264],{"class":92},[47,139080,106],{"class":61},[47,139082,633],{"class":632},[47,139084,4118],{"class":636},[47,139086,633],{"class":632},[47,139088,69],{"class":61},[47,139090,644],{"class":632},[47,139092,90037],{"class":636},[47,139094,633],{"class":632},[47,139096,1978],{"class":61},[20,139098,219],{},[38,139100,139101],{"className":40,"code":89050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139102,139103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139104,139105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139106,89050],{"class":53},[20,139108,139109,139110,1233,139112,139114],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139111,64794],{},[15,139113,90519],{}," are not the same.",[1404,139116,139118],{"id":139117},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,139120,139122],{"className":40,"code":139121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139123,139124,139137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139127,1600],{"class":53},[47,139129,58],{"class":57},[47,139131,644],{"class":632},[47,139133,139134],{"class":636},"red red red",[47,139136,1609],{"class":632},[47,139138,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139140,103],{"class":102},[47,139142,106],{"class":61},[47,139144,1614],{"class":92},[47,139146,89],{"class":61},[47,139148,35264],{"class":92},[47,139150,106],{"class":61},[47,139152,633],{"class":632},[47,139154,13356],{"class":636},[47,139156,633],{"class":632},[47,139158,69],{"class":61},[47,139160,644],{"class":632},[47,139162,13373],{"class":636},[47,139164,633],{"class":632},[47,139166,1978],{"class":61},[20,139168,219],{},[38,139170,139172],{"className":40,"code":139171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139173,139174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139175,139176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139177,139171],{"class":53},[20,139179,139180,139181,136],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139182,41525],{},[38,139184,139186],{"className":40,"code":139185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139187,139188,139200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139189,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139191,1600],{"class":53},[47,139193,58],{"class":57},[47,139195,644],{"class":632},[47,139197,139134],{"class":636},[47,139199,1609],{"class":632},[47,139201,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139203,103],{"class":102},[47,139205,106],{"class":61},[47,139207,1614],{"class":92},[47,139209,89],{"class":61},[47,139211,35264],{"class":92},[47,139213,106],{"class":61},[47,139215,633],{"class":632},[47,139217,13356],{"class":636},[47,139219,633],{"class":632},[47,139221,69],{"class":61},[47,139223,644],{"class":632},[47,139225,13373],{"class":636},[47,139227,633],{"class":632},[47,139229,69],{"class":61},[47,139231,72],{"class":65},[47,139233,1978],{"class":61},[20,139235,219],{},[38,139237,139239],{"className":40,"code":139238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,139240,139241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139242,139243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139244,139238],{"class":53},[1404,139246,139248,139249,139251],{"id":139247},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139250,124627],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139253,139254],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[138,139256,139257,139264,139271],{},[141,139258,118,139259,139263],{},[252,139260,139261],{"href":129143},[15,139262,60795],{}," to break a string into a list",[141,139265,118,139266,139270],{},[252,139267,139268],{"href":137026},[15,139269,41919],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[141,139272,118,139273,139275],{},[15,139274,124627],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[33,139277,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,139279,2082,139281,124783],{"id":139280},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139282,124627],{},[20,139284,139285],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1404,139287,139289],{"id":139288},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139291,139292],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1404,139294,139296],{"id":139295},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139298,139299],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,139301,139303],{"className":40,"code":139302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139304,139305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139306,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139308,1614],{"class":53},[47,139310,89],{"class":61},[47,139312,35264],{"class":92},[47,139314,106],{"class":61},[47,139316,138053],{"class":92},[47,139318,69],{"class":61},[47,139320,138058],{"class":92},[47,139322,69],{"class":61},[47,139324,72],{"class":65},[47,139326,216],{"class":61},[1404,139328,5436,139330,139332],{"id":139329},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139331,124627],{}," remove text?",[20,139334,139335],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,139337,139339],{"className":40,"code":139338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139340,139341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139344,1614],{"class":53},[47,139346,89],{"class":61},[47,139348,35264],{"class":92},[47,139350,106],{"class":61},[47,139352,633],{"class":632},[47,139354,2456],{"class":636},[47,139356,633],{"class":632},[47,139358,69],{"class":61},[47,139360,6390],{"class":632},[47,139362,216],{"class":61},[1404,139364,15167,139366,124792],{"id":139365},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139367,124627],{},[20,139369,129985],{},[33,139371,2187],{"id":2186},[138,139373,139374,139378,139384,139390,139396],{},[141,139375,139376],{},[252,139377,124862],{"href":124624},[141,139379,139380],{},[252,139381,126456,139382,11006],{"href":129143},[15,139383,60795],{},[141,139385,139386],{},[252,139387,126456,139388,11006],{"href":137026},[15,139389,41919],{},[141,139391,139392],{},[252,139393,126456,139394,11006],{"href":124183},[15,139395,124186],{},[141,139397,139398],{},[252,139399,125211],{"href":51245},[2210,139401,139402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":139404},[139405,139406,139408,139411,139412,139416,139420,139421,139423,139431,139441],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":138006,"depth":83,"text":139407},"What replace() does",{"id":5697,"depth":83,"text":5698,"children":139409},[139410],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":6052,"depth":83,"text":6053},{"id":138221,"depth":83,"text":138222,"children":139413},[139414,139415],{"id":138235,"depth":99,"text":138236},{"id":138316,"depth":99,"text":138317},{"id":138404,"depth":83,"text":138405,"children":139417},[139418,139419],{"id":138413,"depth":99,"text":138414},{"id":138489,"depth":99,"text":138490},{"id":124102,"depth":83,"text":124103},{"id":138685,"depth":83,"text":139422},"What replace() returns",{"id":4783,"depth":83,"text":4784,"children":139424},[139425,139427,139428,139429],{"id":138904,"depth":99,"text":139426},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139048,"depth":99,"text":139049},{"id":139117,"depth":99,"text":139118},{"id":139247,"depth":99,"text":139430},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":139432},[139433,139435,139436,139437,139439],{"id":139280,"depth":99,"text":139434},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139288,"depth":99,"text":139289},{"id":139295,"depth":99,"text":139296},{"id":139329,"depth":99,"text":139438},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139365,"depth":99,"text":139440},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137891,"description":139442},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139449,"title":139450,"body":139451,"description":141470,"extension":2248,"meta":141471,"navigation":203,"path":141472,"seo":141473,"stem":141474,"__hash__":141475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139452,"toc":141434},[139453,139458,139463,139466,139477,139479,139534,139539,139544,139551,139553,139568,139570,139626,139628,139666,139671,139673,139697,139700,139713,139718,139720,139752,139754,139787,139793,139798,139801,139811,139814,139816,139872,139874,139924,139927,139935,139938,139994,139996,140069,140082,140090,140094,140105,140108,140111,140164,140166,140198,140201,140255,140257,140292,140295,140300,140305,140310,140313,140315,140373,140375,140409,140411,140426,140429,140431,140473,140475,140501,140506,140514,140517,140519,140601,140603,140654,140657,140668,140676,140678,140751,140753,140771,140775,140778,140782,140809,140811,140819,140823,140858,140860,140873,140877,140880,140919,140921,140938,140943,140948,140959,140962,140973,140975,140977,141003,141006,141055,141057,141074,141077,141079,141131,141133,141165,141168,141226,141231,141233,141238,141341,141343,141357,141359,141366,141371,141376,141381,141386,141391,141394,141398,141403,141405,141431],[10,139454,123456,139456,18],{"id":139455},"python-string-split-method",[15,139457,60795],{},[20,139459,123461,139460,139462],{},[15,139461,60795],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139464,139465],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[138,139467,139468,139471,139474],{},[141,139469,139470],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[141,139472,139473],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[141,139475,139476],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[33,139478,36],{"id":35},[38,139480,139482],{"className":40,"code":139481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139483,139484,139497,139519,139529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139487,1600],{"class":53},[47,139489,58],{"class":57},[47,139491,644],{"class":632},[47,139493,139494],{"class":636},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139496,1609],{"class":632},[47,139498,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139500,43103],{"class":53},[47,139502,58],{"class":57},[47,139504,43108],{"class":53},[47,139506,89],{"class":61},[47,139508,34736],{"class":92},[47,139510,106],{"class":61},[47,139512,633],{"class":632},[47,139514,69],{"class":636},[47,139516,633],{"class":632},[47,139518,216],{"class":61},[47,139520,139521,139523,139525,139527],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,139522,103],{"class":102},[47,139524,106],{"class":61},[47,139526,43135],{"class":92},[47,139528,216],{"class":61},[47,139530,139531],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,139532,139533],{"class":114},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139535,118,139536,139538],{},[15,139537,60795],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[33,139540,128,139542,131],{"id":139541},"what-split-does",[15,139543,60795],{},[20,139545,139546,132504,139548,89],{},[15,139547,60795],{},[4015,139549,139550],{},"string method",[20,139552,49196],{},[138,139554,139555,139558,139563],{},[141,139556,139557],{},"divides a string into parts",[141,139559,119758,139560],{},[4015,139561,139562],{},"new list of strings",[141,139564,119764,139565,139567],{},[4015,139566,4896],{}," change the original string",[20,139569,318],{},[38,139571,139573],{"className":40,"code":139572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139574,139575,139588,139602,139606,139616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139576,139577,139579,139581,139583,139586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139578,1600],{"class":53},[47,139580,58],{"class":57},[47,139582,644],{"class":632},[47,139584,139585],{"class":636},"red blue green",[47,139587,1609],{"class":632},[47,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139591,43103],{"class":53},[47,139593,58],{"class":57},[47,139595,43108],{"class":53},[47,139597,89],{"class":61},[47,139599,34736],{"class":92},[47,139601,96],{"class":61},[47,139603,139604],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,139605,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,139607,139608,139610,139612,139614],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,139609,103],{"class":102},[47,139611,106],{"class":61},[47,139613,1614],{"class":92},[47,139615,216],{"class":61},[47,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,139619,103],{"class":102},[47,139621,106],{"class":61},[47,139623,43135],{"class":92},[47,139625,216],{"class":61},[20,139627,219],{},[38,139629,139631],{"className":40,"code":139630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139632,139633,139638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139634,139635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139636,139637],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139641,229],{"class":61},[47,139643,699],{"class":632},[47,139645,13356],{"class":636},[47,139647,699],{"class":632},[47,139649,69],{"class":61},[47,139651,708],{"class":632},[47,139653,13373],{"class":636},[47,139655,699],{"class":632},[47,139657,69],{"class":61},[47,139659,708],{"class":632},[47,139661,17721],{"class":636},[47,139663,699],{"class":632},[47,139665,80],{"class":61},[20,139667,139668,139669,89],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[252,139670,125211],{"href":51245},[33,139672,259],{"id":258},[38,139674,139676],{"className":40,"code":139675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139677,139678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139679,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139681,61436],{"class":53},[47,139683,89],{"class":61},[47,139685,34736],{"class":92},[47,139687,106],{"class":61},[47,139689,133860],{"class":92},[47,139691,69],{"class":61},[47,139693,139694],{"class":92}," maxsplit",[47,139696,216],{"class":61},[20,139698,139699],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[138,139701,139702,139707],{},[141,139703,139704,139706],{},[15,139705,133860],{}," tells Python where to split",[141,139708,139709,139712],{},[15,139710,139711],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139714,9139,139715,139717],{},[15,139716,133860],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139719,318],{},[38,139721,139723],{"className":40,"code":139722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139724,139725,139738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733,139736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139728,1600],{"class":53},[47,139730,58],{"class":57},[47,139732,644],{"class":632},[47,139734,139735],{"class":636},"one two three",[47,139737,1609],{"class":632},[47,139739,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139741,103],{"class":102},[47,139743,106],{"class":61},[47,139745,1614],{"class":92},[47,139747,89],{"class":61},[47,139749,34736],{"class":92},[47,139751,1993],{"class":61},[20,139753,219],{},[38,139755,139757],{"className":40,"code":139756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139758,139759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139760,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139762,229],{"class":61},[47,139764,699],{"class":632},[47,139766,6850],{"class":636},[47,139768,699],{"class":632},[47,139770,69],{"class":61},[47,139772,708],{"class":632},[47,139774,1549],{"class":636},[47,139776,699],{"class":632},[47,139778,69],{"class":61},[47,139780,708],{"class":632},[47,139782,134342],{"class":636},[47,139784,699],{"class":632},[47,139786,80],{"class":61},[33,139788,8681,139790,139792],{"id":139789},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139791,60795],{}," with no separator",[20,139794,70433,139795,139797],{},[15,139796,60795],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139799,139800],{},"Whitespace includes:",[138,139802,139803,139805,139808],{},[141,139804,10717],{},[141,139806,139807],{},"tabs",[141,139809,139810],{},"new lines",[20,139812,139813],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139815,318],{},[38,139817,139819],{"className":40,"code":139818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139820,139821,139844,139858,139862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139822,139823,139825,139827,139829,139832,139835,139837,139839,139842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139824,1600],{"class":53},[47,139826,58],{"class":57},[47,139828,644],{"class":632},[47,139830,139831],{"class":636},"Python   is",[47,139833,139834],{"class":34720},"\\t",[47,139836,133596],{"class":636},[47,139838,87254],{"class":34720},[47,139840,139841],{"class":636},"and useful",[47,139843,1609],{"class":632},[47,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139847,43103],{"class":53},[47,139849,58],{"class":57},[47,139851,43108],{"class":53},[47,139853,89],{"class":61},[47,139855,34736],{"class":92},[47,139857,96],{"class":61},[47,139859,139860],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,139861,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,139865,103],{"class":102},[47,139867,106],{"class":61},[47,139869,43135],{"class":92},[47,139871,216],{"class":61},[20,139873,219],{},[38,139875,139877],{"className":40,"code":139876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139878,139879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139920,139922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139882,229],{"class":61},[47,139884,699],{"class":632},[47,139886,7561],{"class":636},[47,139888,699],{"class":632},[47,139890,69],{"class":61},[47,139892,708],{"class":632},[47,139894,12457],{"class":636},[47,139896,699],{"class":632},[47,139898,69],{"class":61},[47,139900,708],{"class":632},[47,139902,133596],{"class":636},[47,139904,699],{"class":632},[47,139906,69],{"class":61},[47,139908,708],{"class":632},[47,139910,130221],{"class":636},[47,139912,699],{"class":632},[47,139914,69],{"class":61},[47,139916,708],{"class":632},[47,139918,139919],{"class":636},"useful",[47,139921,699],{"class":632},[47,139923,80],{"class":61},[20,139925,139926],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1404,139928,139930,1225,139932],{"id":139929},"split-vs-split",[15,139931,60795],{},[15,139933,139934],{},"split(' ')",[20,139936,139937],{},"These are not the same.",[38,139939,139941],{"className":40,"code":139940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139942,139943,139956,139960,139974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139946,1600],{"class":53},[47,139948,58],{"class":57},[47,139950,644],{"class":632},[47,139952,139953],{"class":636},"a  b   c",[47,139955,1609],{"class":632},[47,139957,139958],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,139959,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,139961,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,139963,103],{"class":102},[47,139965,106],{"class":61},[47,139967,1614],{"class":92},[47,139969,89],{"class":61},[47,139971,34736],{"class":92},[47,139973,1993],{"class":61},[47,139975,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,139977,103],{"class":102},[47,139979,106],{"class":61},[47,139981,1614],{"class":92},[47,139983,89],{"class":61},[47,139985,34736],{"class":92},[47,139987,106],{"class":61},[47,139989,633],{"class":632},[47,139991,644],{"class":632},[47,139993,1978],{"class":61},[20,139995,219],{},[38,139997,139999],{"className":40,"code":139998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140000,140001,140029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140004,229],{"class":61},[47,140006,699],{"class":632},[47,140008,252],{"class":636},[47,140010,699],{"class":632},[47,140012,69],{"class":61},[47,140014,708],{"class":632},[47,140016,5026],{"class":636},[47,140018,699],{"class":632},[47,140020,69],{"class":61},[47,140022,708],{"class":632},[47,140024,10004],{"class":636},[47,140026,699],{"class":632},[47,140028,80],{"class":61},[47,140030,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140032,229],{"class":61},[47,140034,699],{"class":632},[47,140036,252],{"class":636},[47,140038,699],{"class":632},[47,140040,69],{"class":61},[47,140042,4111],{"class":632},[47,140044,69],{"class":61},[47,140046,708],{"class":632},[47,140048,5026],{"class":636},[47,140050,699],{"class":632},[47,140052,69],{"class":61},[47,140054,4111],{"class":632},[47,140056,69],{"class":61},[47,140058,4111],{"class":632},[47,140060,69],{"class":61},[47,140062,708],{"class":632},[47,140064,10004],{"class":636},[47,140066,699],{"class":632},[47,140068,80],{"class":61},[138,140070,140071,140076],{},[141,140072,140073,140075],{},[15,140074,60795],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[141,140077,140078,140081],{},[15,140079,140080],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140083,140084,140085,140089],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[252,140086,126456,140087,11006],{"href":137026},[15,140088,41919],{}," is often useful.",[33,140091,140093],{"id":140092},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140095,140096,140097,2472,140100,2476,140102,89],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140098,140099],{},"\",\"",[15,140101,133695],{},[15,140103,140104],{},"\"::\"",[20,140106,140107],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140109,140110],{},"Example with commas:",[38,140112,140114],{"className":40,"code":140113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140115,140116,140128,140150,140154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140117,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140119,1600],{"class":53},[47,140121,58],{"class":57},[47,140123,644],{"class":632},[47,140125,139494],{"class":636},[47,140127,1609],{"class":632},[47,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140131,43103],{"class":53},[47,140133,58],{"class":57},[47,140135,43108],{"class":53},[47,140137,89],{"class":61},[47,140139,34736],{"class":92},[47,140141,106],{"class":61},[47,140143,633],{"class":632},[47,140145,69],{"class":636},[47,140147,633],{"class":632},[47,140149,216],{"class":61},[47,140151,140152],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140153,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,140157,103],{"class":102},[47,140159,106],{"class":61},[47,140161,43135],{"class":92},[47,140163,216],{"class":61},[20,140165,219],{},[38,140167,140168],{"className":40,"code":690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140169,140170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140171,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140173,229],{"class":61},[47,140175,699],{"class":632},[47,140177,647],{"class":636},[47,140179,699],{"class":632},[47,140181,69],{"class":61},[47,140183,708],{"class":632},[47,140185,637],{"class":636},[47,140187,699],{"class":632},[47,140189,69],{"class":61},[47,140191,708],{"class":632},[47,140193,656],{"class":636},[47,140195,699],{"class":632},[47,140197,80],{"class":61},[20,140199,140200],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,140202,140204],{"className":40,"code":140203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140205,140206,140219,140241,140245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140209,1600],{"class":53},[47,140211,58],{"class":57},[47,140213,644],{"class":632},[47,140215,140216],{"class":636},"2024::10::31",[47,140218,1609],{"class":632},[47,140220,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140222,43103],{"class":53},[47,140224,58],{"class":57},[47,140226,43108],{"class":53},[47,140228,89],{"class":61},[47,140230,34736],{"class":92},[47,140232,106],{"class":61},[47,140234,633],{"class":632},[47,140236,76918],{"class":636},[47,140238,633],{"class":632},[47,140240,216],{"class":61},[47,140242,140243],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140244,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,140248,103],{"class":102},[47,140250,106],{"class":61},[47,140252,43135],{"class":92},[47,140254,216],{"class":61},[20,140256,219],{},[38,140258,140260],{"className":40,"code":140259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140261,140262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140263,140264,140266,140268,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140288,140290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140265,229],{"class":61},[47,140267,699],{"class":632},[47,140269,140270],{"class":636},"2024",[47,140272,699],{"class":632},[47,140274,69],{"class":61},[47,140276,708],{"class":632},[47,140278,437],{"class":636},[47,140280,699],{"class":632},[47,140282,69],{"class":61},[47,140284,708],{"class":632},[47,140286,140287],{"class":636},"31",[47,140289,699],{"class":632},[47,140291,80],{"class":61},[20,140293,140294],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140296,140297,140298,89],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[252,140299,129140],{"href":129139},[33,140301,8681,140303],{"id":140302},"using-maxsplit",[15,140304,139711],{},[20,140306,140307,140309],{},[15,140308,139711],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140311,140312],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140314,318],{},[38,140316,140318],{"className":40,"code":140317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140319,140320,140333,140359,140363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140323,1600],{"class":53},[47,140325,58],{"class":57},[47,140327,644],{"class":632},[47,140329,140330],{"class":636},"name:age:city:country",[47,140332,1609],{"class":632},[47,140334,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140336,43103],{"class":53},[47,140338,58],{"class":57},[47,140340,43108],{"class":53},[47,140342,89],{"class":61},[47,140344,34736],{"class":92},[47,140346,106],{"class":61},[47,140348,633],{"class":632},[47,140350,136],{"class":636},[47,140352,633],{"class":632},[47,140354,69],{"class":61},[47,140356,77],{"class":65},[47,140358,216],{"class":61},[47,140360,140361],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140362,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,140364,140365,140367,140369,140371],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,140366,103],{"class":102},[47,140368,106],{"class":61},[47,140370,43135],{"class":92},[47,140372,216],{"class":61},[20,140374,219],{},[38,140376,140378],{"className":40,"code":140377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140379,140380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140405,140407],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140383,229],{"class":61},[47,140385,699],{"class":632},[47,140387,7932],{"class":636},[47,140389,699],{"class":632},[47,140391,69],{"class":61},[47,140393,708],{"class":632},[47,140395,9563],{"class":636},[47,140397,699],{"class":632},[47,140399,69],{"class":61},[47,140401,708],{"class":632},[47,140403,140404],{"class":636},"city:country",[47,140406,699],{"class":632},[47,140408,80],{"class":61},[20,140410,2461],{},[138,140412,140413,140418,140423],{},[141,140414,140415,140416],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140417,136],{},[141,140419,140420,140421],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140422,136],{},[141,140424,140425],{},"then stops",[20,140427,140428],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140430,52349],{},[38,140432,140434],{"className":40,"code":140433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140435,140436,140449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140437,140438,140440,140442,140444,140447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140439,1600],{"class":53},[47,140441,58],{"class":57},[47,140443,644],{"class":632},[47,140445,140446],{"class":636},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140448,1609],{"class":632},[47,140450,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140452,103],{"class":102},[47,140454,106],{"class":61},[47,140456,1614],{"class":92},[47,140458,89],{"class":61},[47,140460,34736],{"class":92},[47,140462,106],{"class":61},[47,140464,633],{"class":632},[47,140466,644],{"class":632},[47,140468,69],{"class":61},[47,140470,72],{"class":65},[47,140472,1978],{"class":61},[20,140474,219],{},[38,140476,140478],{"className":40,"code":140477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140479,140480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140481,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140497,140499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140483,229],{"class":61},[47,140485,699],{"class":632},[47,140487,647],{"class":636},[47,140489,699],{"class":632},[47,140491,69],{"class":61},[47,140493,708],{"class":632},[47,140495,140496],{"class":636},"banana cherry grape",[47,140498,699],{"class":632},[47,140500,80],{"class":61},[33,140502,128,140504,11970],{"id":140503},"what-split-returns",[15,140505,60795],{},[20,140507,140508,140509,140511,140512,89],{},"The result of ",[15,140510,60795],{}," is always a ",[4015,140513,8358],{},[20,140515,140516],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140518,318],{},[38,140520,140522],{"className":40,"code":140521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140523,140524,140537,140559,140563,140573,140587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140525,140526,140528,140530,140532,140535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140527,1600],{"class":53},[47,140529,58],{"class":57},[47,140531,644],{"class":632},[47,140533,140534],{"class":636},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140536,1609],{"class":632},[47,140538,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140540,43103],{"class":53},[47,140542,58],{"class":57},[47,140544,43108],{"class":53},[47,140546,89],{"class":61},[47,140548,34736],{"class":92},[47,140550,106],{"class":61},[47,140552,633],{"class":632},[47,140554,69],{"class":636},[47,140556,633],{"class":632},[47,140558,216],{"class":61},[47,140560,140561],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140562,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,140564,140565,140567,140569,140571],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,140566,103],{"class":102},[47,140568,106],{"class":61},[47,140570,43135],{"class":92},[47,140572,216],{"class":61},[47,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,140576,103],{"class":102},[47,140578,106],{"class":61},[47,140580,1971],{"class":882},[47,140582,106],{"class":61},[47,140584,43135],{"class":92},[47,140586,1978],{"class":61},[47,140588,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,140590,103],{"class":102},[47,140592,106],{"class":61},[47,140594,43135],{"class":92},[47,140596,229],{"class":61},[47,140598,2403],{"class":65},[47,140600,2040],{"class":61},[20,140602,219],{},[38,140604,140606],{"className":40,"code":140605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140607,140608,140636,140650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140611,229],{"class":61},[47,140613,699],{"class":632},[47,140615,37311],{"class":636},[47,140617,699],{"class":632},[47,140619,69],{"class":61},[47,140621,708],{"class":632},[47,140623,58392],{"class":636},[47,140625,699],{"class":632},[47,140627,69],{"class":61},[47,140629,708],{"class":632},[47,140631,58409],{"class":636},[47,140633,699],{"class":632},[47,140635,80],{"class":61},[47,140637,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140639,3568],{"class":57},[47,140641,3571],{"class":2348},[47,140643,708],{"class":632},[47,140645,8358],{"class":636},[47,140647,699],{"class":632},[47,140649,3580],{"class":57},[47,140651,140652],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140653,85570],{"class":53},[20,140655,140656],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[138,140658,140659,140662,140665],{},[141,140660,140661],{},"loop over it",[141,140663,140664],{},"access items by index",[141,140666,140667],{},"combine items again later",[20,140669,140670,140671,89],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[252,140672,126456,140674,11006],{"href":140673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140675,133538],{},[20,140677,318],{},[38,140679,140681],{"className":40,"code":140680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140682,140683,140715,140737,140741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140684,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140686,43103],{"class":53},[47,140688,58],{"class":57},[47,140690,62],{"class":61},[47,140692,699],{"class":632},[47,140694,37311],{"class":636},[47,140696,699],{"class":632},[47,140698,69],{"class":61},[47,140700,708],{"class":632},[47,140702,58392],{"class":636},[47,140704,699],{"class":632},[47,140706,69],{"class":61},[47,140708,708],{"class":632},[47,140710,58409],{"class":636},[47,140712,699],{"class":632},[47,140714,80],{"class":61},[47,140716,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140718,1600],{"class":53},[47,140720,58],{"class":57},[47,140722,644],{"class":632},[47,140724,2306],{"class":636},[47,140726,633],{"class":632},[47,140728,89],{"class":61},[47,140730,133615],{"class":92},[47,140732,106],{"class":61},[47,140734,43135],{"class":92},[47,140736,216],{"class":61},[47,140738,140739],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,140740,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,140744,103],{"class":102},[47,140746,106],{"class":61},[47,140748,1614],{"class":92},[47,140750,216],{"class":61},[20,140752,219],{},[38,140754,140756],{"className":40,"code":140755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140757,140758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140759,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140761,37311],{"class":53},[47,140763,2306],{"class":57},[47,140765,58392],{"class":53},[47,140767,2306],{"class":57},[47,140769,140770],{"class":53},"bird\n",[33,140772,140774],{"id":140773},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140776,140777],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1404,140779,140781],{"id":140780},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,140783,140785],{"className":40,"code":140784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140786,140787,140795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140788,140789,140791,140793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140790,1600],{"class":53},[47,140792,58],{"class":57},[47,140794,8145],{"class":632},[47,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140798,103],{"class":102},[47,140800,106],{"class":61},[47,140802,1614],{"class":92},[47,140804,89],{"class":61},[47,140806,34736],{"class":92},[47,140808,1993],{"class":61},[20,140810,219],{},[38,140812,140813],{"className":40,"code":38562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140814,140815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140816,140817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140818,38562],{"class":61},[1404,140820,140822],{"id":140821},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,140824,140826],{"className":40,"code":140825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140827,140828,140836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140829,140830,140832,140834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140831,1600],{"class":53},[47,140833,58],{"class":57},[47,140835,8145],{"class":632},[47,140837,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140839,103],{"class":102},[47,140841,106],{"class":61},[47,140843,1614],{"class":92},[47,140845,89],{"class":61},[47,140847,34736],{"class":92},[47,140849,106],{"class":61},[47,140851,633],{"class":632},[47,140853,69],{"class":636},[47,140855,633],{"class":632},[47,140857,1978],{"class":61},[20,140859,219],{},[38,140861,140863],{"className":40,"code":140862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,140864,140865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140866,140867,140869,140871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140868,229],{"class":61},[47,140870,4046],{"class":632},[47,140872,80],{"class":61},[1404,140874,140876],{"id":140875},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140878,140879],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,140881,140883],{"className":40,"code":140882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140884,140885,140897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140886,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140888,1600],{"class":53},[47,140890,58],{"class":57},[47,140892,644],{"class":632},[47,140894,4118],{"class":636},[47,140896,1609],{"class":632},[47,140898,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,140900,103],{"class":102},[47,140902,106],{"class":61},[47,140904,1614],{"class":92},[47,140906,89],{"class":61},[47,140908,34736],{"class":92},[47,140910,106],{"class":61},[47,140912,633],{"class":632},[47,140914,69],{"class":636},[47,140916,633],{"class":632},[47,140918,1978],{"class":61},[20,140920,219],{},[38,140922,140924],{"className":40,"code":140923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,140925,140926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140927,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140929,229],{"class":61},[47,140931,699],{"class":632},[47,140933,4118],{"class":636},[47,140935,699],{"class":632},[47,140937,80],{"class":61},[33,140939,5227,140941],{"id":140940},"when-to-use-split",[15,140942,60795],{},[20,140944,118,140945,140947],{},[15,140946,60795],{}," when you need to:",[138,140949,140950,140953,140956],{},[141,140951,140952],{},"split a sentence into words",[141,140954,140955],{},"split comma-separated values",[141,140957,140958],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140960,140961],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[138,140963,140964,140967,140970],{},[141,140965,140966],{},"cleaning text",[141,140968,140969],{},"parsing user input",[141,140971,140972],{},"processing simple file content",[33,140974,1397],{"id":1396},[20,140976,84341],{},[138,140978,140979,140983,140989,140992,141000],{},[141,140980,50775,140981,131676],{},[15,140982,60795],{},[141,140984,140985,140986,140988],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140987,60795],{}," returns a list, not a string",[141,140990,140991],{},"using the wrong separator",[141,140993,140994,140995,140997,140998],{},"assuming ",[15,140996,139934],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140999,60795],{},[141,141001,141002],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141004,141005],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,141007,141009],{"className":40,"code":141008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141010,141011,141023,141041,141045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141012,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141014,1600],{"class":53},[47,141016,58],{"class":57},[47,141018,644],{"class":632},[47,141020,43096],{"class":636},[47,141022,1609],{"class":632},[47,141024,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141026,1614],{"class":53},[47,141028,89],{"class":61},[47,141030,34736],{"class":92},[47,141032,106],{"class":61},[47,141034,633],{"class":632},[47,141036,69],{"class":636},[47,141038,633],{"class":632},[47,141040,216],{"class":61},[47,141042,141043],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141044,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141046,141047,141049,141051,141053],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141048,103],{"class":102},[47,141050,106],{"class":61},[47,141052,1614],{"class":92},[47,141054,216],{"class":61},[20,141056,219],{},[38,141058,141060],{"className":40,"code":141059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,141061,141062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141065,252],{"class":53},[47,141067,69],{"class":61},[47,141069,5026],{"class":53},[47,141071,69],{"class":61},[47,141073,69505],{"class":53},[20,141075,141076],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141078,11073],{},[38,141080,141081],{"className":40,"code":43083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141082,141083,141095,141117,141121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141084,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141086,1600],{"class":53},[47,141088,58],{"class":57},[47,141090,644],{"class":632},[47,141092,43096],{"class":636},[47,141094,1609],{"class":632},[47,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141098,43103],{"class":53},[47,141100,58],{"class":57},[47,141102,43108],{"class":53},[47,141104,89],{"class":61},[47,141106,34736],{"class":92},[47,141108,106],{"class":61},[47,141110,633],{"class":632},[47,141112,69],{"class":636},[47,141114,633],{"class":632},[47,141116,216],{"class":61},[47,141118,141119],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141120,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141122,141123,141125,141127,141129],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141124,103],{"class":102},[47,141126,106],{"class":61},[47,141128,43135],{"class":92},[47,141130,216],{"class":61},[20,141132,219],{},[38,141134,141135],{"className":40,"code":43142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,141136,141137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141138,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141140,229],{"class":61},[47,141142,699],{"class":632},[47,141144,252],{"class":636},[47,141146,699],{"class":632},[47,141148,69],{"class":61},[47,141150,708],{"class":632},[47,141152,5026],{"class":636},[47,141154,699],{"class":632},[47,141156,69],{"class":61},[47,141158,708],{"class":632},[47,141160,10004],{"class":636},[47,141162,699],{"class":632},[47,141164,80],{"class":61},[20,141166,141167],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,141169,141171],{"className":40,"code":141170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141172,141173,141186,141208,141212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141174,141175,141177,141179,141181,141184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141176,1600],{"class":53},[47,141178,58],{"class":57},[47,141180,644],{"class":632},[47,141182,141183],{"class":636},"apple,banana",[47,141185,1609],{"class":632},[47,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141189,43103],{"class":53},[47,141191,58],{"class":57},[47,141193,43108],{"class":53},[47,141195,89],{"class":61},[47,141197,34736],{"class":92},[47,141199,106],{"class":61},[47,141201,633],{"class":632},[47,141203,69],{"class":636},[47,141205,633],{"class":632},[47,141207,216],{"class":61},[47,141209,141210],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141211,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141213,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141215,103],{"class":102},[47,141217,106],{"class":61},[47,141219,43135],{"class":92},[47,141221,229],{"class":61},[47,141223,2340],{"class":65},[47,141225,2040],{"class":61},[20,141227,141228,141229,89],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[252,141230,69518],{"href":69517},[1404,141232,1944],{"id":1943},[20,141234,9139,141235,141237],{},[15,141236,60795],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,141239,141241],{"className":40,"code":141240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141242,141243,141253,141267,141289,141315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141244,141245,141247,141249,141251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141246,103],{"class":102},[47,141248,106],{"class":61},[47,141250,1614],{"class":92},[47,141252,216],{"class":61},[47,141254,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141256,103],{"class":102},[47,141258,106],{"class":61},[47,141260,1614],{"class":92},[47,141262,89],{"class":61},[47,141264,34736],{"class":92},[47,141266,1993],{"class":61},[47,141268,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141270,103],{"class":102},[47,141272,106],{"class":61},[47,141274,1614],{"class":92},[47,141276,89],{"class":61},[47,141278,34736],{"class":92},[47,141280,106],{"class":61},[47,141282,699],{"class":632},[47,141284,69],{"class":636},[47,141286,699],{"class":632},[47,141288,1978],{"class":61},[47,141290,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141292,103],{"class":102},[47,141294,106],{"class":61},[47,141296,969],{"class":102},[47,141298,106],{"class":61},[47,141300,1614],{"class":92},[47,141302,89],{"class":61},[47,141304,34736],{"class":92},[47,141306,106],{"class":61},[47,141308,699],{"class":632},[47,141310,69],{"class":636},[47,141312,699],{"class":632},[47,141314,3192],{"class":61},[47,141316,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,141318,103],{"class":102},[47,141320,106],{"class":61},[47,141322,1971],{"class":882},[47,141324,106],{"class":61},[47,141326,1614],{"class":92},[47,141328,89],{"class":61},[47,141330,34736],{"class":92},[47,141332,106],{"class":61},[47,141334,699],{"class":632},[47,141336,69],{"class":636},[47,141338,699],{"class":632},[47,141340,3192],{"class":61},[20,141342,2043],{},[138,141344,141345,141348,141351,141354],{},[141,141346,141347],{},"what the original string looks like",[141,141349,141350],{},"which separator works",[141,141352,141353],{},"how many items were created",[141,141355,141356],{},"that the result is a list",[33,141358,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,141360,2094,141362,1233,141364,2099],{"id":141361},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141363,60795],{},[15,141365,139934],{},[20,141367,141368,141370],{},[15,141369,60795],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141372,141373,141375],{},[15,141374,139934],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1404,141377,2082,141379,124783],{"id":141378},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141380,60795],{},[20,141382,141383,141384,56744],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141385,60795],{},[1404,141387,5408,141389,40225],{"id":141388},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141390,139711],{},[20,141392,141393],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1404,141395,141397],{"id":141396},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141399,29326,141400,141402],{},[15,141401,60795],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[33,141404,2187],{"id":2186},[138,141406,141407,141411,141417,141423,141427],{},[141,141408,141409],{},[252,141410,130061],{"href":129139},[141,141412,141413],{},[252,141414,126456,141415,11006],{"href":140673},[15,141416,133538],{},[141,141418,141419],{},[252,141420,126456,141421,11006],{"href":137026},[15,141422,41919],{},[141,141424,141425],{},[252,141426,125211],{"href":51245},[141,141428,141429],{},[252,141430,69518],{"href":69517},[2210,141432,141433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":141435},[141436,141437,141439,141440,141445,141446,141448,141450,141455,141457,141460,141469],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":139541,"depth":83,"text":141438},"What split() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":139789,"depth":83,"text":141441,"children":141442},"Using split() with no separator",[141443],{"id":139929,"depth":99,"text":141444},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140092,"depth":83,"text":140093},{"id":140302,"depth":83,"text":141447},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140503,"depth":83,"text":141449},"What split() returns",{"id":140773,"depth":83,"text":140774,"children":141451},[141452,141453,141454],{"id":140780,"depth":99,"text":140781},{"id":140821,"depth":99,"text":140822},{"id":140875,"depth":99,"text":140876},{"id":140940,"depth":83,"text":141456},"When to use split()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":141458},[141459],{"id":1943,"depth":99,"text":1944},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":141461},[141462,141464,141466,141468],{"id":141361,"depth":99,"text":141463},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141378,"depth":99,"text":141465},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141388,"depth":99,"text":141467},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141396,"depth":99,"text":141397},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139450,"description":141470},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141477,"title":141478,"body":141479,"description":143422,"extension":2248,"meta":143423,"navigation":203,"path":143424,"seo":143425,"stem":143426,"__hash__":143427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141480,"toc":143381},[141481,141486,141491,141498,141571,141576,141581,141586,141602,141604,141674,141676,141678,141698,141700,141745,141750,141752,141850,141855,141859,141864,141868,141871,141913,141917,141920,141965,141969,141972,142022,142026,142031,142083,142085,142090,142101,142106,142186,142188,142200,142209,142216,142231,142233,142348,142354,142358,142361,142366,142508,142511,142518,142520,142524,142532,142601,142607,142656,142661,142666,142668,142688,142690,142756,142758,142762,142765,142769,142810,142812,142845,142850,142853,142880,142882,142925,142932,142937,142947,143013,143017,143025,143030,143081,143085,143088,143090,143099,143101,143151,143153,143260,143262,143267,143274,143280,143283,143314,143319,143321,143328,143336,143345,143348,143350,143378],[10,141482,123456,141484,18],{"id":141483},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141485,127824],{},[20,141487,123461,141488,141490],{},[15,141489,127824],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141492,126522,141493,3158,141495,141497],{},[15,141494,367],{},[15,141496,294],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,141499,141501],{"className":40,"code":141500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141502,141503,141516,141520,141545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141506,1600],{"class":53},[47,141508,58],{"class":57},[47,141510,644],{"class":632},[47,141512,141513],{"class":636},"Python Beginner Help",[47,141515,1609],{"class":632},[47,141517,141518],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141519,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141523,103],{"class":102},[47,141525,106],{"class":61},[47,141527,1614],{"class":92},[47,141529,89],{"class":61},[47,141531,141532],{"class":92},"startswith",[47,141534,106],{"class":61},[47,141536,633],{"class":632},[47,141538,7561],{"class":636},[47,141540,633],{"class":632},[47,141542,5628],{"class":61},[47,141544,44122],{"class":114},[47,141546,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141564,141566,141568],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141548,103],{"class":102},[47,141550,106],{"class":61},[47,141552,1614],{"class":92},[47,141554,89],{"class":61},[47,141556,141532],{"class":92},[47,141558,106],{"class":61},[47,141560,633],{"class":632},[47,141562,141563],{"class":636},"Beginner",[47,141565,633],{"class":632},[47,141567,5628],{"class":61},[47,141569,141570],{"class":114}," # False\n",[20,141572,118,141573,141575],{},[15,141574,127824],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[33,141577,128,141579,131],{"id":141578},"what-startswith-does",[15,141580,127824],{},[20,141582,141583,141585],{},[15,141584,127824],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[138,141587,141588,141591,141597,141599],{},[141,141589,141590],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[141,141592,5414,141593,3158,141595],{},[15,141594,367],{},[15,141596,294],{},[141,141598,123599],{},[141,141600,141601],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141603,318],{},[38,141605,141607],{"className":40,"code":141606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141608,141609,141621,141625,141650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141610,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141612,8140],{"class":53},[47,141614,58],{"class":57},[47,141616,644],{"class":632},[47,141618,7561],{"class":636},[47,141620,1609],{"class":632},[47,141622,141623],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141624,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141626,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141644,141646,141648],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141628,103],{"class":102},[47,141630,106],{"class":61},[47,141632,7932],{"class":92},[47,141634,89],{"class":61},[47,141636,141532],{"class":92},[47,141638,106],{"class":61},[47,141640,633],{"class":632},[47,141642,141643],{"class":636},"Py",[47,141645,633],{"class":632},[47,141647,5628],{"class":61},[47,141649,44122],{"class":114},[47,141651,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141653,103],{"class":102},[47,141655,106],{"class":61},[47,141657,7932],{"class":92},[47,141659,89],{"class":61},[47,141661,141532],{"class":92},[47,141663,106],{"class":61},[47,141665,633],{"class":632},[47,141667,128902],{"class":636},[47,141669,633],{"class":632},[47,141671,5628],{"class":61},[47,141673,44139],{"class":114},[33,141675,259],{"id":258},[20,141677,42651],{},[38,141679,141681],{"className":40,"code":141680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141682,141683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141686,61436],{"class":53},[47,141688,89],{"class":61},[47,141690,141532],{"class":92},[47,141692,106],{"class":61},[47,141694,141695],{"class":92},"prefix",[47,141697,216],{"class":61},[20,141699,31030],{},[38,141701,141703],{"className":40,"code":141702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141704,141705,141723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141706,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141708,61436],{"class":53},[47,141710,89],{"class":61},[47,141712,141532],{"class":92},[47,141714,106],{"class":61},[47,141716,141695],{"class":92},[47,141718,69],{"class":61},[47,141720,36318],{"class":92},[47,141722,216],{"class":61},[47,141724,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141726,61436],{"class":53},[47,141728,89],{"class":61},[47,141730,141532],{"class":92},[47,141732,106],{"class":61},[47,141734,141695],{"class":92},[47,141736,69],{"class":61},[47,141738,36318],{"class":92},[47,141740,69],{"class":61},[47,141742,65300],{"class":92},[47,141744,216],{"class":61},[20,141746,21036,141747,141749],{},[15,141748,141695],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141751,318],{},[38,141753,141755],{"className":40,"code":141754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141756,141757,141769,141773,141798,141822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141758,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141760,1600],{"class":53},[47,141762,58],{"class":57},[47,141764,644],{"class":632},[47,141766,60672],{"class":636},[47,141768,1609],{"class":632},[47,141770,141771],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141772,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,141774,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,141776,103],{"class":102},[47,141778,106],{"class":61},[47,141780,1614],{"class":92},[47,141782,89],{"class":61},[47,141784,141532],{"class":92},[47,141786,106],{"class":61},[47,141788,633],{"class":632},[47,141790,4118],{"class":636},[47,141792,633],{"class":632},[47,141794,5628],{"class":61},[47,141796,141797],{"class":114},"      # True\n",[47,141799,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,141801,103],{"class":102},[47,141803,106],{"class":61},[47,141805,1614],{"class":92},[47,141807,89],{"class":61},[47,141809,141532],{"class":92},[47,141811,106],{"class":61},[47,141813,633],{"class":632},[47,141815,60855],{"class":636},[47,141817,633],{"class":632},[47,141819,5628],{"class":61},[47,141821,21466],{"class":114},[47,141823,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,141825,103],{"class":102},[47,141827,106],{"class":61},[47,141829,1614],{"class":92},[47,141831,89],{"class":61},[47,141833,141532],{"class":92},[47,141835,106],{"class":61},[47,141837,633],{"class":632},[47,141839,60855],{"class":636},[47,141841,633],{"class":632},[47,141843,69],{"class":61},[47,141845,37908],{"class":65},[47,141847,5628],{"class":61},[47,141849,44122],{"class":114},[20,141851,141852,141853,89],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[252,141854,125211],{"href":51245},[33,141856,141858],{"id":141857},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141860,141861,141863],{},[15,141862,127824],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1404,141865,141866],{"id":141695},[15,141867,141695],{},[20,141869,141870],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,141872,141874],{"className":40,"code":141873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141875,141876,141888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141877,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141879,1600],{"class":53},[47,141881,58],{"class":57},[47,141883,644],{"class":632},[47,141885,637],{"class":636},[47,141887,1609],{"class":632},[47,141889,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141907,141909,141911],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141891,103],{"class":102},[47,141893,106],{"class":61},[47,141895,1614],{"class":92},[47,141897,89],{"class":61},[47,141899,141532],{"class":92},[47,141901,106],{"class":61},[47,141903,633],{"class":632},[47,141905,141906],{"class":636},"ban",[47,141908,633],{"class":632},[47,141910,5628],{"class":61},[47,141912,3937],{"class":114},[1404,141914,141915],{"id":36339},[15,141916,36339],{},[20,141918,141919],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,141921,141923],{"className":40,"code":141922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141924,141925,141937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141926,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141928,1600],{"class":53},[47,141930,58],{"class":57},[47,141932,644],{"class":632},[47,141934,60672],{"class":636},[47,141936,1609],{"class":632},[47,141938,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141940,103],{"class":102},[47,141942,106],{"class":61},[47,141944,1614],{"class":92},[47,141946,89],{"class":61},[47,141948,141532],{"class":92},[47,141950,106],{"class":61},[47,141952,633],{"class":632},[47,141954,60855],{"class":636},[47,141956,633],{"class":632},[47,141958,69],{"class":61},[47,141960,37908],{"class":65},[47,141962,5628],{"class":61},[47,141964,3937],{"class":114},[1404,141966,141967],{"id":52930},[15,141968,52930],{},[20,141970,141971],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,141973,141975],{"className":40,"code":141974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141976,141977,141989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141978,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141980,1600],{"class":53},[47,141982,58],{"class":57},[47,141984,644],{"class":632},[47,141986,60672],{"class":636},[47,141988,1609],{"class":632},[47,141990,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,141992,103],{"class":102},[47,141994,106],{"class":61},[47,141996,1614],{"class":92},[47,141998,89],{"class":61},[47,142000,141532],{"class":92},[47,142002,106],{"class":61},[47,142004,633],{"class":632},[47,142006,142007],{"class":636},"wor",[47,142009,633],{"class":632},[47,142011,69],{"class":61},[47,142013,37908],{"class":65},[47,142015,69],{"class":61},[47,142017,182],{"class":65},[47,142019,5628],{"class":61},[47,142021,3937],{"class":114},[1404,142023,142025],{"id":142024},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142027,142028,142030],{},[15,142029,141695],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,142032,142034],{"className":40,"code":142033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142035,142036,142049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142037,142038,142040,142042,142044,142047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142039,126539],{"class":53},[47,142041,58],{"class":57},[47,142043,644],{"class":632},[47,142045,142046],{"class":636},"img_001.png",[47,142048,1609],{"class":632},[47,142050,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142068,142070,142072,142074,142077,142079,142081],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142052,103],{"class":102},[47,142054,106],{"class":61},[47,142056,126557],{"class":92},[47,142058,89],{"class":61},[47,142060,141532],{"class":92},[47,142062,5777],{"class":61},[47,142064,633],{"class":632},[47,142066,142067],{"class":636},"img_",[47,142069,633],{"class":632},[47,142071,69],{"class":61},[47,142073,644],{"class":632},[47,142075,142076],{"class":636},"photo_",[47,142078,633],{"class":632},[47,142080,51360],{"class":61},[47,142082,3937],{"class":114},[33,142084,17684],{"id":17683},[20,142086,142087,142089],{},[15,142088,127824],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[138,142091,142092,142097],{},[141,142093,142094,142096],{},[15,142095,367],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[141,142098,142099,127141],{},[15,142100,294],{},[20,142102,142103,142104,7437],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142105,7262],{},[38,142107,142109],{"className":40,"code":142108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142110,142111,142125,142129,142150,142165,142171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142112,142113,142116,142118,142120,142123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142114,142115],{"class":53},"command ",[47,142117,58],{"class":57},[47,142119,644],{"class":632},[47,142121,142122],{"class":636},"\u002Fhelp",[47,142124,1609],{"class":632},[47,142126,142127],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142128,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142130,142131,142133,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142132,7262],{"class":2027},[47,142134,142135],{"class":53}," command",[47,142137,89],{"class":61},[47,142139,141532],{"class":92},[47,142141,106],{"class":61},[47,142143,633],{"class":632},[47,142145,127348],{"class":636},[47,142147,633],{"class":632},[47,142149,8606],{"class":61},[47,142151,142152,142154,142156,142158,142161,142163],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142153,8333],{"class":102},[47,142155,106],{"class":61},[47,142157,633],{"class":632},[47,142159,142160],{"class":636},"This looks like a command.",[47,142162,633],{"class":632},[47,142164,216],{"class":61},[47,142166,142167,142169],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,142168,27698],{"class":2027},[47,142170,6657],{"class":61},[47,142172,142173,142175,142177,142179,142182,142184],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,142174,8333],{"class":102},[47,142176,106],{"class":61},[47,142178,633],{"class":632},[47,142180,142181],{"class":636},"This is normal text.",[47,142183,633],{"class":632},[47,142185,216],{"class":61},[20,142187,219],{},[38,142189,142191],{"className":40,"code":142190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142192,142193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142194,142195,142198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142196,142197],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,142199,122488],{"class":61},[33,142201,8681,142203,8968,142205,1233,142207],{"id":142202},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142204,127824],{},[15,142206,36339],{},[15,142208,52930],{},[20,142210,956,142211,1233,142213,142215],{},[15,142212,36339],{},[15,142214,52930],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[138,142217,142218,142223,142228],{},[141,142219,142220,142222],{},[15,142221,36339],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[141,142224,142225,142227],{},[15,142226,52930],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[141,142229,142230],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142232,318],{},[38,142234,142236],{"className":40,"code":142235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142237,142238,142250,142254,142283,142316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142239,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142241,1600],{"class":53},[47,142243,58],{"class":57},[47,142245,644],{"class":632},[47,142247,139735],{"class":636},[47,142249,1609],{"class":632},[47,142251,142252],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142253,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142255,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142257,103],{"class":102},[47,142259,106],{"class":61},[47,142261,1614],{"class":92},[47,142263,89],{"class":61},[47,142265,141532],{"class":92},[47,142267,106],{"class":61},[47,142269,633],{"class":632},[47,142271,1549],{"class":636},[47,142273,633],{"class":632},[47,142275,69],{"class":61},[47,142277,402],{"class":65},[47,142279,5628],{"class":61},[47,142281,142282],{"class":114},"        # True\n",[47,142284,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142312,142314],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142286,103],{"class":102},[47,142288,106],{"class":61},[47,142290,1614],{"class":92},[47,142292,89],{"class":61},[47,142294,141532],{"class":92},[47,142296,106],{"class":61},[47,142298,633],{"class":632},[47,142300,134342],{"class":636},[47,142302,633],{"class":632},[47,142304,69],{"class":61},[47,142306,447],{"class":65},[47,142308,69],{"class":61},[47,142310,142311],{"class":65}," 13",[47,142313,5628],{"class":61},[47,142315,3937],{"class":114},[47,142317,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,142319,103],{"class":102},[47,142321,106],{"class":61},[47,142323,1614],{"class":92},[47,142325,89],{"class":61},[47,142327,141532],{"class":92},[47,142329,106],{"class":61},[47,142331,633],{"class":632},[47,142333,134342],{"class":636},[47,142335,633],{"class":632},[47,142337,69],{"class":61},[47,142339,447],{"class":65},[47,142341,69],{"class":61},[47,142343,31209],{"class":65},[47,142345,5628],{"class":61},[47,142347,5037],{"class":114},[20,142349,142350,142351,142353],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142352,52930],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[33,142355,142357],{"id":142356},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142359,142360],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142362,142363,142364,49617],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142365,41102],{},[38,142367,142369],{"className":40,"code":142368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142370,142371,142385,142399,142413,142417,142441,142445,142466,142487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142372,142373,142376,142378,142380,142383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142374,142375],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,142377,58],{"class":57},[47,142379,644],{"class":632},[47,142381,142382],{"class":636},"img_101.jpg",[47,142384,1609],{"class":632},[47,142386,142387,142390,142392,142394,142397],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142388,142389],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,142391,58],{"class":57},[47,142393,644],{"class":632},[47,142395,142396],{"class":636},"photo_202.jpg",[47,142398,1609],{"class":632},[47,142400,142401,142404,142406,142408,142411],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142402,142403],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,142405,58],{"class":57},[47,142407,644],{"class":632},[47,142409,142410],{"class":636},"doc_303.jpg",[47,142412,1609],{"class":632},[47,142414,142415],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142416,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142418,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,142420,127751],{"class":53},[47,142422,58],{"class":57},[47,142424,9500],{"class":61},[47,142426,633],{"class":632},[47,142428,142067],{"class":636},[47,142430,633],{"class":632},[47,142432,69],{"class":61},[47,142434,644],{"class":632},[47,142436,142076],{"class":636},[47,142438,633],{"class":632},[47,142440,216],{"class":61},[47,142442,142443],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,142444,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142446,142447,142449,142451,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,142448,103],{"class":102},[47,142450,106],{"class":61},[47,142452,142453],{"class":92},"filename1",[47,142455,89],{"class":61},[47,142457,141532],{"class":92},[47,142459,106],{"class":61},[47,142461,127803],{"class":92},[47,142463,5628],{"class":61},[47,142465,3937],{"class":114},[47,142467,142468,142470,142472,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,142469,103],{"class":102},[47,142471,106],{"class":61},[47,142473,142474],{"class":92},"filename2",[47,142476,89],{"class":61},[47,142478,141532],{"class":92},[47,142480,106],{"class":61},[47,142482,127803],{"class":92},[47,142484,5628],{"class":61},[47,142486,3937],{"class":114},[47,142488,142489,142491,142493,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,142490,103],{"class":102},[47,142492,106],{"class":61},[47,142494,142495],{"class":92},"filename3",[47,142497,89],{"class":61},[47,142499,141532],{"class":92},[47,142501,106],{"class":61},[47,142503,127803],{"class":92},[47,142505,5628],{"class":61},[47,142507,5037],{"class":114},[20,142509,142510],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142512,75024,142513,142517],{},[252,142514,126456,142515,11006],{"href":130050},[15,142516,126514],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[33,142519,124103],{"id":124102},[20,142521,142522,123914],{},[15,142523,127824],{},[20,142525,127501,142526,1233,142529,127508],{},[15,142527,142528],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142530,142531],{},"\"python\"",[38,142533,142535],{"className":40,"code":142534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142536,142537,142549,142553,142577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142538,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142540,1600],{"class":53},[47,142542,58],{"class":57},[47,142544,644],{"class":632},[47,142546,7561],{"class":636},[47,142548,1609],{"class":632},[47,142550,142551],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142552,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142554,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142556,103],{"class":102},[47,142558,106],{"class":61},[47,142560,1614],{"class":92},[47,142562,89],{"class":61},[47,142564,141532],{"class":92},[47,142566,106],{"class":61},[47,142568,633],{"class":632},[47,142570,141643],{"class":636},[47,142572,633],{"class":632},[47,142574,5628],{"class":61},[47,142576,3937],{"class":114},[47,142578,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142580,103],{"class":102},[47,142582,106],{"class":61},[47,142584,1614],{"class":92},[47,142586,89],{"class":61},[47,142588,141532],{"class":92},[47,142590,106],{"class":61},[47,142592,633],{"class":632},[47,142594,128902],{"class":636},[47,142596,633],{"class":632},[47,142598,5628],{"class":61},[47,142600,5037],{"class":114},[20,142602,127593,142603,89],{},[252,142604,142605],{"href":124183},[15,142606,124186],{},[38,142608,142610],{"className":40,"code":142609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142611,142612,142624,142628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142613,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142615,1600],{"class":53},[47,142617,58],{"class":57},[47,142619,644],{"class":632},[47,142621,7561],{"class":636},[47,142623,1609],{"class":632},[47,142625,142626],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142627,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142629,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142631,103],{"class":102},[47,142633,106],{"class":61},[47,142635,1614],{"class":92},[47,142637,89],{"class":61},[47,142639,889],{"class":92},[47,142641,8902],{"class":61},[47,142643,141532],{"class":92},[47,142645,106],{"class":61},[47,142647,633],{"class":632},[47,142649,128902],{"class":636},[47,142651,633],{"class":632},[47,142653,5628],{"class":61},[47,142655,3937],{"class":114},[33,142657,5227,142659],{"id":142658},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142660,127824],{},[20,142662,142663,142665],{},[15,142664,127824],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142667,9638],{},[138,142669,142670,142673,142676,142685],{},[141,142671,142672],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[141,142674,142675],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[141,142677,142678,142679,3158,142682],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142680,142681],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142683,142684],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[141,142686,142687],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142689,318],{},[38,142691,142693],{"className":40,"code":142692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142694,142695,142708,142712,142741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142696,142697,142699,142701,142703,142706],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142698,127319],{"class":53},[47,142700,58],{"class":57},[47,142702,644],{"class":632},[47,142704,142705],{"class":636},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,142707,1609],{"class":632},[47,142709,142710],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142711,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142713,142714,142716,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142715,7262],{"class":2027},[47,142717,142718],{"class":53}," url",[47,142720,89],{"class":61},[47,142722,141532],{"class":92},[47,142724,5777],{"class":61},[47,142726,633],{"class":632},[47,142728,142681],{"class":636},[47,142730,633],{"class":632},[47,142732,69],{"class":61},[47,142734,644],{"class":632},[47,142736,142684],{"class":636},[47,142738,633],{"class":632},[47,142740,69822],{"class":61},[47,142742,142743,142745,142747,142749,142752,142754],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142744,8333],{"class":102},[47,142746,106],{"class":61},[47,142748,633],{"class":632},[47,142750,142751],{"class":636},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,142753,633],{"class":632},[47,142755,216],{"class":61},[33,142757,1397],{"id":1396},[20,142759,23360,142760,89],{},[15,142761,127824],{},[1404,142763,138896],{"id":142764},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142766,142767,123914],{},[15,142768,127824],{},[38,142770,142772],{"className":40,"code":142771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142773,142774,142786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142775,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142777,1600],{"class":53},[47,142779,58],{"class":57},[47,142781,644],{"class":632},[47,142783,7561],{"class":636},[47,142785,1609],{"class":632},[47,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142789,103],{"class":102},[47,142791,106],{"class":61},[47,142793,1614],{"class":92},[47,142795,89],{"class":61},[47,142797,141532],{"class":92},[47,142799,106],{"class":61},[47,142801,633],{"class":632},[47,142803,42],{"class":636},[47,142805,633],{"class":632},[47,142807,5628],{"class":61},[47,142809,5037],{"class":114},[20,142811,39526],{},[38,142813,142815],{"className":40,"code":142814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142816,142817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142818,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142820,103],{"class":102},[47,142822,106],{"class":61},[47,142824,1614],{"class":92},[47,142826,89],{"class":61},[47,142828,889],{"class":92},[47,142830,8902],{"class":61},[47,142832,141532],{"class":92},[47,142834,106],{"class":61},[47,142836,633],{"class":632},[47,142838,42],{"class":636},[47,142840,633],{"class":632},[47,142842,5628],{"class":61},[47,142844,3937],{"class":114},[1404,142846,29915,142848,137378],{"id":142847},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142849,127824],{},[20,142851,142852],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,142854,142856],{"className":40,"code":142855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142857,142858,142866,142870,142875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142859,142860,142862,142864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142861,2728],{"class":53},[47,142863,58],{"class":57},[47,142865,125138],{"class":65},[47,142867,142868],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142869,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142871,142872],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142873,142874],{"class":114},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,142876,142877],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142878,142879],{"class":114},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142881,39526],{},[38,142883,142885],{"className":40,"code":142884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142886,142887,142901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142888,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142890,2728],{"class":53},[47,142892,58],{"class":57},[47,142894,49173],{"class":882},[47,142896,106],{"class":61},[47,142898,50515],{"class":65},[47,142900,216],{"class":61},[47,142902,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142904,103],{"class":102},[47,142906,106],{"class":61},[47,142908,2753],{"class":92},[47,142910,89],{"class":61},[47,142912,141532],{"class":92},[47,142914,106],{"class":61},[47,142916,633],{"class":632},[47,142918,232],{"class":636},[47,142920,633],{"class":632},[47,142922,5628],{"class":61},[47,142924,3937],{"class":114},[1404,142926,37468,142928,8968,142930],{"id":142927},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142929,127824],{},[15,142931,2034],{},[20,142933,142934,142936],{},[15,142935,127824],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142938,142939,142940,142942,142943,89],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142941,2034],{}," or methods like ",[252,142944,142945],{"href":124466},[15,142946,124451],{},[38,142948,142950],{"className":40,"code":142949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142951,142952,142964,142968,142992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142953,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142955,1600],{"class":53},[47,142957,58],{"class":57},[47,142959,644],{"class":632},[47,142961,60672],{"class":636},[47,142963,1609],{"class":632},[47,142965,142966],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,142967,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,142969,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,142971,103],{"class":102},[47,142973,106],{"class":61},[47,142975,1614],{"class":92},[47,142977,89],{"class":61},[47,142979,141532],{"class":92},[47,142981,106],{"class":61},[47,142983,633],{"class":632},[47,142985,60855],{"class":636},[47,142987,633],{"class":632},[47,142989,5628],{"class":61},[47,142991,5037],{"class":114},[47,142993,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006,143008,143010],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,142995,103],{"class":102},[47,142997,106],{"class":61},[47,142999,633],{"class":632},[47,143001,60855],{"class":636},[47,143003,633],{"class":632},[47,143005,21439],{"class":2027},[47,143007,43108],{"class":92},[47,143009,111],{"class":61},[47,143011,143012],{"class":114},"           # True\n",[20,143014,135930,143015,89],{},[252,143016,127492],{"href":123711},[1404,143018,1579,143020,1233,143022,143024],{"id":143019},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143021,36339],{},[15,143023,52930],{}," use index positions",[20,143026,143027,143028,89],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143029,2403],{},[38,143031,143033],{"className":40,"code":143032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143034,143035,143048,143052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143036,143037,143039,143041,143043,143046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143038,1600],{"class":53},[47,143040,58],{"class":57},[47,143042,644],{"class":632},[47,143044,143045],{"class":636},"abcdef",[47,143047,1609],{"class":632},[47,143049,143050],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143051,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,143053,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143055,103],{"class":102},[47,143057,106],{"class":61},[47,143059,1614],{"class":92},[47,143061,89],{"class":61},[47,143063,141532],{"class":92},[47,143065,106],{"class":61},[47,143067,633],{"class":632},[47,143069,143070],{"class":636},"cd",[47,143072,633],{"class":632},[47,143074,69],{"class":61},[47,143076,77],{"class":65},[47,143078,5628],{"class":61},[47,143080,3937],{"class":114},[1404,143082,143084],{"id":143083},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143086,143087],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143089,1590],{},[38,143091,143093],{"className":40,"code":143092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143094,143095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143096,143097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143098,143092],{"class":114},[20,143100,16920],{},[38,143102,143104],{"className":40,"code":143103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143105,143106,143118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143107,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143109,1600],{"class":53},[47,143111,58],{"class":57},[47,143113,644],{"class":632},[47,143115,7561],{"class":636},[47,143117,1609],{"class":632},[47,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143145,143147,143149],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143121,103],{"class":102},[47,143123,106],{"class":61},[47,143125,1614],{"class":92},[47,143127,89],{"class":61},[47,143129,141532],{"class":92},[47,143131,5777],{"class":61},[47,143133,633],{"class":632},[47,143135,141643],{"class":636},[47,143137,633],{"class":632},[47,143139,69],{"class":61},[47,143141,644],{"class":632},[47,143143,143144],{"class":636},"Ja",[47,143146,633],{"class":632},[47,143148,51360],{"class":61},[47,143150,3937],{"class":114},[20,143152,32349],{},[38,143154,143156],{"className":40,"code":143155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143157,143158,143168,143182,143204,143230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143159,143160,143162,143164,143166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143161,103],{"class":102},[47,143163,106],{"class":61},[47,143165,1614],{"class":92},[47,143167,216],{"class":61},[47,143169,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143171,103],{"class":102},[47,143173,106],{"class":61},[47,143175,1971],{"class":882},[47,143177,106],{"class":61},[47,143179,1614],{"class":92},[47,143181,1978],{"class":61},[47,143183,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143185,103],{"class":102},[47,143187,106],{"class":61},[47,143189,1614],{"class":92},[47,143191,89],{"class":61},[47,143193,141532],{"class":92},[47,143195,106],{"class":61},[47,143197,633],{"class":632},[47,143199,141643],{"class":636},[47,143201,633],{"class":632},[47,143203,1978],{"class":61},[47,143205,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,143207,103],{"class":102},[47,143209,106],{"class":61},[47,143211,1614],{"class":92},[47,143213,89],{"class":61},[47,143215,889],{"class":92},[47,143217,8902],{"class":61},[47,143219,141532],{"class":92},[47,143221,106],{"class":61},[47,143223,633],{"class":632},[47,143225,128902],{"class":636},[47,143227,633],{"class":632},[47,143229,1978],{"class":61},[47,143231,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,143233,103],{"class":102},[47,143235,106],{"class":61},[47,143237,1614],{"class":92},[47,143239,89],{"class":61},[47,143241,141532],{"class":92},[47,143243,5777],{"class":61},[47,143245,633],{"class":632},[47,143247,141643],{"class":636},[47,143249,633],{"class":632},[47,143251,69],{"class":61},[47,143253,644],{"class":632},[47,143255,143144],{"class":636},[47,143257,633],{"class":632},[47,143259,3192],{"class":61},[33,143261,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,143263,2082,143265,128302],{"id":143264},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143266,127824],{},[20,143268,143269,143270,3158,143272,89],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143271,367],{},[15,143273,294],{},[1404,143275,5436,143277,143279],{"id":143276},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143278,127824],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143281,143282],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,143284,143286],{"className":40,"code":143285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143287,143288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143289,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143291,1614],{"class":53},[47,143293,89],{"class":61},[47,143295,141532],{"class":92},[47,143297,5777],{"class":61},[47,143299,633],{"class":632},[47,143301,252],{"class":636},[47,143303,633],{"class":632},[47,143305,69],{"class":61},[47,143307,644],{"class":632},[47,143309,5026],{"class":636},[47,143311,633],{"class":632},[47,143313,1978],{"class":61},[1404,143315,15167,143317,124792],{"id":143316},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143318,127824],{},[20,143320,129985],{},[1404,143322,2094,143324,1233,143326,2099],{"id":143323},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143325,127824],{},[15,143327,2034],{},[20,143329,143330,143332,143333,143335],{},[15,143331,127824],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143334,2034],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1404,143337,28593,143339,1233,143341,8968,143343,2099],{"id":143338},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143340,36339],{},[15,143342,52930],{},[15,143344,127824],{},[20,143346,143347],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[33,143349,2187],{"id":2186},[138,143351,143352,143358,143364,143370,143374],{},[141,143353,143354],{},[252,143355,126456,143356,11006],{"href":130050},[15,143357,126514],{},[141,143359,143360],{},[252,143361,126456,143362,11006],{"href":124466},[15,143363,124451],{},[141,143365,143366],{},[252,143367,126456,143368,11006],{"href":124183},[15,143369,124186],{},[141,143371,143372],{},[252,143373,124855],{"href":123711},[141,143375,143376],{},[252,143377,125211],{"href":51245},[2210,143379,143380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":143382},[143383,143385,143386,143392,143393,143395,143396,143397,143399,143409,143421],{"id":141578,"depth":83,"text":143384},"What startswith() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":141857,"depth":83,"text":141858,"children":143387},[143388,143389,143390,143391],{"id":141695,"depth":99,"text":141695},{"id":36339,"depth":99,"text":36339},{"id":52930,"depth":99,"text":52930},{"id":142024,"depth":99,"text":142025},{"id":17683,"depth":83,"text":17684},{"id":142202,"depth":83,"text":143394},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142356,"depth":83,"text":142357},{"id":124102,"depth":83,"text":124103},{"id":142658,"depth":83,"text":143398},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":143400},[143401,143402,143404,143406,143408],{"id":142764,"depth":99,"text":138896},{"id":142847,"depth":99,"text":143403},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142927,"depth":99,"text":143405},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143019,"depth":99,"text":143407},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143083,"depth":99,"text":143084},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":143410},[143411,143413,143415,143417,143419],{"id":143264,"depth":99,"text":143412},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143276,"depth":99,"text":143414},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143316,"depth":99,"text":143416},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143323,"depth":99,"text":143418},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143338,"depth":99,"text":143420},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141478,"description":143422},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143429,"title":143430,"body":143431,"description":144885,"extension":2248,"meta":144886,"navigation":203,"path":144887,"seo":144888,"stem":144889,"__hash__":144890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143432,"toc":144855},[143433,143438,143443,143446,143448,143492,143494,143502,143507,143512,143517,143519,143537,143539,143585,143587,143601,143610,143614,143616,143618,143630,143635,143638,143670,143672,143681,143686,143689,143730,143732,143740,143742,143755,143761,143765,143768,143784,143786,143835,143837,143846,143849,143908,143910,143919,143926,143929,143982,143984,144008,144015,144021,144025,144031,144034,144045,144047,144087,144089,144097,144099,144139,144141,144150,144152,144170,144173,144180,144191,144194,144211,144213,144290,144292,144323,144326,144328,144331,144357,144359,144399,144401,144410,144420,144428,144436,144441,144446,144448,144462,144464,144515,144517,144526,144536,144538,144540,144562,144565,144644,144646,144682,144685,144760,144765,144767,144773,144778,144783,144786,144792,144795,144802,144810,144814,144822,144824,144852],[10,143434,123456,143436,18],{"id":143435},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143437,41919],{},[20,143439,32584,143440,143442],{},[15,143441,41919],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143444,143445],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[33,143447,3884],{"id":3883},[38,143449,143451],{"className":40,"code":143450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143452,143453,143466,143481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143454,143455,143457,143459,143461,143464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143456,1600],{"class":53},[47,143458,58],{"class":57},[47,143460,644],{"class":632},[47,143462,143463],{"class":636},"  hello  ",[47,143465,1609],{"class":632},[47,143467,143468,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143469,143470],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143472,58],{"class":57},[47,143474,43108],{"class":53},[47,143476,89],{"class":61},[47,143478,8899],{"class":92},[47,143480,96],{"class":61},[47,143482,143483,143485,143487,143490],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143484,103],{"class":102},[47,143486,106],{"class":61},[47,143488,143489],{"class":92},"clean_text",[47,143491,216],{"class":61},[20,143493,219],{},[38,143495,143496],{"className":40,"code":138771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143497,143498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143499,143500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143501,138771],{"class":53},[20,143503,118,143504,143506],{},[15,143505,41919],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[33,143508,128,143510,131],{"id":143509},"what-strip-does",[15,143511,41919],{},[20,143513,143514,143516],{},[15,143515,41919],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143518,13315],{},[138,143520,143521,143525,143528,143531,143534],{},[141,143522,143523,131806],{},[15,143524,41919],{},[141,143526,143527],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[141,143529,143530],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[141,143532,143533],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[141,143535,143536],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143538,318],{},[38,143540,143542],{"className":40,"code":143541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143543,143544,143557,143561,143575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143545,143546,143548,143550,143552,143555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143547,1600],{"class":53},[47,143549,58],{"class":57},[47,143551,644],{"class":632},[47,143553,143554],{"class":636},"  hello world  ",[47,143556,1609],{"class":632},[47,143558,143559],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143560,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,143562,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143564,103],{"class":102},[47,143566,106],{"class":61},[47,143568,1614],{"class":92},[47,143570,89],{"class":61},[47,143572,8899],{"class":92},[47,143574,1993],{"class":61},[47,143576,143577,143579,143581,143583],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,143578,103],{"class":102},[47,143580,106],{"class":61},[47,143582,1614],{"class":92},[47,143584,216],{"class":61},[20,143586,219],{},[38,143588,143590],{"className":40,"code":143589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143591,143592,143596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143593,143594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143595,134472],{"class":53},[47,143597,143598],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143599,143600],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,143602,143603,143604,143606,143607,143609],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143605,41919],{},", but the original ",[15,143608,1614],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143611,125208,143612,89],{},[252,143613,125211],{"href":51245},[33,143615,259],{"id":258},[20,143617,26751],{},[138,143619,143620,143625],{},[141,143621,143622],{},[15,143623,143624],{},"string.strip()",[141,143626,143627],{},[15,143628,143629],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1404,143631,143633],{"id":143632},"stringstrip",[15,143634,143624],{},[20,143636,143637],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,143639,143641],{"className":40,"code":143640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143642,143643,143656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143644,143645,143647,143649,143651,143654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143646,8140],{"class":53},[47,143648,58],{"class":57},[47,143650,644],{"class":632},[47,143652,143653],{"class":636},"  Alice  ",[47,143655,1609],{"class":632},[47,143657,143658,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143659,103],{"class":102},[47,143661,106],{"class":61},[47,143663,7932],{"class":92},[47,143665,89],{"class":61},[47,143667,8899],{"class":92},[47,143669,1993],{"class":61},[20,143671,219],{},[38,143673,143675],{"className":40,"code":143674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,143676,143677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143678,143679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143680,143674],{"class":53},[1404,143682,143684],{"id":143683},"stringstripchars",[15,143685,143629],{},[20,143687,143688],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,143690,143692],{"className":40,"code":143691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143693,143694,143707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143695,143696,143698,143700,143702,143705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143697,1600],{"class":53},[47,143699,58],{"class":57},[47,143701,644],{"class":632},[47,143703,143704],{"class":636},"!!hello??",[47,143706,1609],{"class":632},[47,143708,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143726,143728],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143710,103],{"class":102},[47,143712,106],{"class":61},[47,143714,1614],{"class":92},[47,143716,89],{"class":61},[47,143718,8899],{"class":92},[47,143720,106],{"class":61},[47,143722,633],{"class":632},[47,143724,143725],{"class":636},"!?",[47,143727,633],{"class":632},[47,143729,1978],{"class":61},[20,143731,219],{},[38,143733,143734],{"className":40,"code":138771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143735,143736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143737,143738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143739,138771],{"class":53},[20,143741,83922],{},[138,143743,143744,143749],{},[141,143745,143746,143748],{},[15,143747,134715],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[141,143750,143751,143752,143754],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143753,134715],{}," does not matter",[33,143756,143758,143759],{"id":143757},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143760,41919],{},[20,143762,31151,143763,89],{},[15,143764,41919],{},[20,143766,143767],{},"It is useful for:",[138,143769,143770,143775,143778,143781],{},[141,143771,143772,143773,4156],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143774,3238],{},[141,143776,143777],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[141,143779,143780],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[141,143782,143783],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143785,48630],{},[38,143787,143789],{"className":40,"code":143788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143790,143791,143804,143820,143824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143792,143793,143795,143797,143799,143802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143794,8225],{"class":53},[47,143796,58],{"class":57},[47,143798,644],{"class":632},[47,143800,143801],{"class":636},"  sam  ",[47,143803,1609],{"class":632},[47,143805,143806,143809,143811,143814,143816,143818],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143807,143808],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143810,58],{"class":57},[47,143812,143813],{"class":53}," username",[47,143815,89],{"class":61},[47,143817,8899],{"class":92},[47,143819,96],{"class":61},[47,143821,143822],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143823,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,143825,143826,143828,143830,143833],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,143827,103],{"class":102},[47,143829,106],{"class":61},[47,143831,143832],{"class":92},"clean_username",[47,143834,216],{"class":61},[20,143836,219],{},[38,143838,143840],{"className":40,"code":143839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,143841,143842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143843,143844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143845,143839],{"class":53},[20,143847,143848],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,143850,143852],{"className":40,"code":143851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143853,143854,143867,143871,143893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143855,143856,143858,143860,143862,143865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143857,136699],{"class":53},[47,143859,58],{"class":57},[47,143861,644],{"class":632},[47,143863,143864],{"class":636}," yes  ",[47,143866,1609],{"class":632},[47,143868,143869],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143870,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,143872,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143874,7262],{"class":2027},[47,143876,136719],{"class":53},[47,143878,89],{"class":61},[47,143880,8899],{"class":92},[47,143882,7629],{"class":61},[47,143884,6672],{"class":57},[47,143886,644],{"class":632},[47,143888,8921],{"class":636},[47,143890,633],{"class":632},[47,143892,6657],{"class":61},[47,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143904,143906],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,143896,8333],{"class":102},[47,143898,106],{"class":61},[47,143900,633],{"class":632},[47,143902,143903],{"class":636},"Matched",[47,143905,633],{"class":632},[47,143907,216],{"class":61},[20,143909,219],{},[38,143911,143913],{"className":40,"code":143912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,143914,143915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143916,143917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143918,143912],{"class":53},[20,143920,143921,143922,89],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[252,143923,143925],{"href":143924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143927,143928],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,143930,143932],{"className":40,"code":143931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143933,143934,143950,143964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143935,143936,143939,143941,143943,143946,143948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143937,143938],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143940,58],{"class":57},[47,143942,644],{"class":632},[47,143944,143945],{"class":636},"Python basics",[47,143947,87254],{"class":34720},[47,143949,1609],{"class":632},[47,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,143953,103],{"class":102},[47,143955,106],{"class":61},[47,143957,42045],{"class":102},[47,143959,106],{"class":61},[47,143961,49],{"class":92},[47,143963,1978],{"class":61},[47,143965,143966,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976,143978,143980],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,143967,103],{"class":102},[47,143969,106],{"class":61},[47,143971,42045],{"class":102},[47,143973,106],{"class":61},[47,143975,49],{"class":92},[47,143977,89],{"class":61},[47,143979,8899],{"class":92},[47,143981,6554],{"class":61},[20,143983,219],{},[38,143985,143987],{"className":40,"code":143986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143988,143989,144000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143990,143991,143993,143995,143998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143992,699],{"class":43595},[47,143994,143945],{"class":43599},[47,143996,87254],{"class":143997},"sfi6f",[47,143999,29965],{"class":43595},[47,144001,144002,144004,144006],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144003,699],{"class":43595},[47,144005,143945],{"class":43599},[47,144007,29965],{"class":43595},[20,144009,8681,144010,144012,144013,89],{},[15,144011,122670],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144014,87254],{},[20,144016,144017,144018,89],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[252,144019,144020],{"href":87907},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144022,144024],{"id":144023},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144026,144027,144028,89],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144029,144030],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144032,144033],{},"Python will:",[138,144035,144036,144039,144042],{},[141,144037,144038],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[141,144040,144041],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[141,144043,144044],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144046,318],{},[38,144048,144050],{"className":40,"code":144049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144051,144052,144065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144055,1600],{"class":53},[47,144057,58],{"class":57},[47,144059,644],{"class":632},[47,144061,144062],{"class":636},"??hello!!",[47,144064,1609],{"class":632},[47,144066,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144068,103],{"class":102},[47,144070,106],{"class":61},[47,144072,1614],{"class":92},[47,144074,89],{"class":61},[47,144076,8899],{"class":92},[47,144078,106],{"class":61},[47,144080,633],{"class":632},[47,144082,143725],{"class":636},[47,144084,633],{"class":632},[47,144086,1978],{"class":61},[20,144088,219],{},[38,144090,144091],{"className":40,"code":138771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,144092,144093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144094,144095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144096,138771],{"class":53},[20,144098,52349],{},[38,144100,144102],{"className":40,"code":144101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144103,144104,144117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144107,1600],{"class":53},[47,144109,58],{"class":57},[47,144111,644],{"class":632},[47,144113,144114],{"class":636},"abcHelloCba",[47,144116,1609],{"class":632},[47,144118,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144120,103],{"class":102},[47,144122,106],{"class":61},[47,144124,1614],{"class":92},[47,144126,89],{"class":61},[47,144128,8899],{"class":92},[47,144130,106],{"class":61},[47,144132,633],{"class":632},[47,144134,41826],{"class":636},[47,144136,633],{"class":632},[47,144138,1978],{"class":61},[20,144140,219],{},[38,144142,144144],{"className":40,"code":144143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,144145,144146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144147,144148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144149,144143],{"class":53},[20,144151,6499],{},[20,144153,144154,14318,144157,144159,144160,144162,144163,2472,144165,2476,144167,144169],{},[15,144155,144156],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[4015,144158,4896],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144161,41826],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144164,252],{},[15,144166,5026],{},[15,144168,10004],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144171,144172],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144174,144175,144176,1519],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[252,144177,144178],{"href":130037},[15,144179,124627],{},[33,144181,144183,1225,144185,1225,144188],{"id":144182},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144184,41919],{},[15,144186,144187],{},"lstrip()",[15,144189,144190],{},"rstrip()",[20,144192,144193],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[138,144195,144196,144201,144206],{},[141,144197,144198,144200],{},[15,144199,41919],{}," removes from both ends",[141,144202,144203,144205],{},[15,144204,144187],{}," removes from the left side only",[141,144207,144208,144210],{},[15,144209,144190],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144212,318],{},[38,144214,144216],{"className":40,"code":144215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144217,144218,144230,144234,144252,144271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144219,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144221,1600],{"class":53},[47,144223,58],{"class":57},[47,144225,644],{"class":632},[47,144227,143463],{"class":636},[47,144229,1609],{"class":632},[47,144231,144232],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144233,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,144235,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248,144250],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144237,103],{"class":102},[47,144239,106],{"class":61},[47,144241,42045],{"class":102},[47,144243,106],{"class":61},[47,144245,1614],{"class":92},[47,144247,89],{"class":61},[47,144249,8899],{"class":92},[47,144251,6554],{"class":61},[47,144253,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144269],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144255,103],{"class":102},[47,144257,106],{"class":61},[47,144259,42045],{"class":102},[47,144261,106],{"class":61},[47,144263,1614],{"class":92},[47,144265,89],{"class":61},[47,144267,144268],{"class":92},"lstrip",[47,144270,6554],{"class":61},[47,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144288],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,144274,103],{"class":102},[47,144276,106],{"class":61},[47,144278,42045],{"class":102},[47,144280,106],{"class":61},[47,144282,1614],{"class":92},[47,144284,89],{"class":61},[47,144286,144287],{"class":92},"rstrip",[47,144289,6554],{"class":61},[20,144291,219],{},[38,144293,144295],{"className":40,"code":144294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144296,144297,144305,144314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144298,144299,144301,144303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144300,699],{"class":43595},[47,144302,4118],{"class":43599},[47,144304,29965],{"class":43595},[47,144306,144307,144309,144312],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144308,699],{"class":43595},[47,144310,144311],{"class":43599},"hello  ",[47,144313,29965],{"class":43595},[47,144315,144316,144318,144321],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144317,699],{"class":43595},[47,144319,144320],{"class":43599},"  hello",[47,144322,29965],{"class":43595},[20,144324,144325],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[33,144327,108464],{"id":108463},[20,144329,144330],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[138,144332,144333,144341,144351,144354],{},[141,144334,144335,144337,144338,144340],{},[15,144336,144156],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144339,41795],{}," once",[141,144342,144343,144344,2472,144346,2476,144348,144350],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144345,252],{},[15,144347,5026],{},[15,144349,10004],{}," from both ends",[141,144352,144353],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[141,144355,144356],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144358,318],{},[38,144360,144362],{"className":40,"code":144361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144363,144364,144377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144365,144366,144368,144370,144372,144375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144367,126539],{"class":53},[47,144369,58],{"class":57},[47,144371,644],{"class":632},[47,144373,144374],{"class":636},"txt_report.txt",[47,144376,1609],{"class":632},[47,144378,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391,144393,144395,144397],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144380,103],{"class":102},[47,144382,106],{"class":61},[47,144384,126557],{"class":92},[47,144386,89],{"class":61},[47,144388,8899],{"class":92},[47,144390,106],{"class":61},[47,144392,633],{"class":632},[47,144394,126592],{"class":636},[47,144396,633],{"class":632},[47,144398,1978],{"class":61},[20,144400,219],{},[38,144402,144404],{"className":40,"code":144403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,144405,144406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144407,144408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144409,144403],{"class":53},[20,144411,144412,144413,2472,144415,2476,144417,144419],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144414,89],{},[15,144416,1730],{},[15,144418,2456],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144421,53923,144422,5049,144425,144427],{},[15,144423,144424],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[4015,144426,4896],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144429,144430,144431,144435],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[252,144432,144433],{"href":130037},[15,144434,124627],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[33,144437,5227,144439],{"id":144438},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144440,41919],{},[20,144442,118,144443,144445],{},[15,144444,41919],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144447,36691],{},[138,144449,144450,144454,144456,144459],{},[141,144451,143772,144452,4156],{},[15,144453,3238],{},[141,144455,143777],{},[141,144457,144458],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[141,144460,144461],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144463,318],{},[38,144465,144467],{"className":40,"code":144466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144468,144469,144483,144487,144500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144470,144471,144474,144476,144478,144481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144472,144473],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144475,58],{"class":57},[47,144477,644],{"class":632},[47,144479,144480],{"class":636},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144482,1609],{"class":632},[47,144484,144485],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144486,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,144488,144489,144491,144494,144496,144498],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144490,7262],{"class":2027},[47,144492,144493],{"class":53}," email",[47,144495,89],{"class":61},[47,144497,8899],{"class":92},[47,144499,21861],{"class":61},[47,144501,144502,144504,144506,144508,144511,144513],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144503,8333],{"class":102},[47,144505,106],{"class":61},[47,144507,633],{"class":632},[47,144509,144510],{"class":636},"Email was entered",[47,144512,633],{"class":632},[47,144514,216],{"class":61},[20,144516,219],{},[38,144518,144520],{"className":40,"code":144519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,144521,144522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144523,144524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144525,144519],{"class":53},[20,144527,144528,144529,144531,144532,89],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144530,41919],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[252,144533,144534],{"href":124183},[15,144535,124186],{},[33,144537,1397],{"id":1396},[20,144539,84341],{},[138,144541,144542,144546,144551,144556],{},[141,144543,8717,144544,131676],{},[15,144545,41919],{},[141,144547,8717,144548,144550],{},[15,144549,41919],{}," to remove text from the middle",[141,144552,8681,144553,144555],{},[15,144554,144424],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[141,144557,1579,144558,144561],{},[15,144559,144560],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144563,144564],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,144566,144568],{"className":40,"code":144567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144569,144570,144584,144588,144598,144612,144626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144573,1600],{"class":53},[47,144575,58],{"class":57},[47,144577,644],{"class":632},[47,144579,144320],{"class":636},[47,144581,87254],{"class":34720},[47,144583,1609],{"class":632},[47,144585,144586],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144587,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,144589,144590,144592,144594,144596],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144591,103],{"class":102},[47,144593,106],{"class":61},[47,144595,1614],{"class":92},[47,144597,216],{"class":61},[47,144599,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144601,103],{"class":102},[47,144603,106],{"class":61},[47,144605,42045],{"class":102},[47,144607,106],{"class":61},[47,144609,1614],{"class":92},[47,144611,1978],{"class":61},[47,144613,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,144615,103],{"class":102},[47,144617,106],{"class":61},[47,144619,1614],{"class":92},[47,144621,89],{"class":61},[47,144623,8899],{"class":92},[47,144625,1993],{"class":61},[47,144627,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638,144640,144642],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,144629,103],{"class":102},[47,144631,106],{"class":61},[47,144633,42045],{"class":102},[47,144635,106],{"class":61},[47,144637,1614],{"class":92},[47,144639,89],{"class":61},[47,144641,8899],{"class":92},[47,144643,6554],{"class":61},[20,144645,219],{},[38,144647,144649],{"className":40,"code":144648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144650,144651,144656,144660,144670,144674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144652,144653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144654,144655],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144657,144658],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144659,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,144661,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144663,699],{"class":43595},[47,144665,144320],{"class":43599},[47,144667,87254],{"class":143997},[47,144669,29965],{"class":43595},[47,144671,144672],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144673,138771],{"class":53},[47,144675,144676,144678,144680],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,144677,699],{"class":43595},[47,144679,4118],{"class":43599},[47,144681,29965],{"class":43595},[20,144683,144684],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,144686,144688],{"className":40,"code":144687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144689,144690,144700,144714,144728,144746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144693,103],{"class":102},[47,144695,106],{"class":61},[47,144697,1614],{"class":92},[47,144699,216],{"class":61},[47,144701,144702,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144703,103],{"class":102},[47,144705,106],{"class":61},[47,144707,42045],{"class":102},[47,144709,106],{"class":61},[47,144711,1614],{"class":92},[47,144713,1978],{"class":61},[47,144715,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144717,103],{"class":102},[47,144719,106],{"class":61},[47,144721,1614],{"class":92},[47,144723,89],{"class":61},[47,144725,8899],{"class":92},[47,144727,1993],{"class":61},[47,144729,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144731,103],{"class":102},[47,144733,106],{"class":61},[47,144735,42045],{"class":102},[47,144737,106],{"class":61},[47,144739,1614],{"class":92},[47,144741,89],{"class":61},[47,144743,8899],{"class":92},[47,144745,6554],{"class":61},[47,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,144749,32419],{"class":102},[47,144751,106],{"class":61},[47,144753,883],{"class":882},[47,144755,89],{"class":61},[47,144757,8899],{"class":888},[47,144759,216],{"class":61},[20,144761,144762,144764],{},[15,144763,122670],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[33,144766,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,144768,2082,144770,144772],{"id":144769},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144771,41919],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144774,46633,144775,144777],{},[15,144776,41919],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1404,144779,2082,144781,124783],{"id":144780},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144782,41919],{},[20,144784,144785],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1404,144787,5408,144789,144791],{"id":144788},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144790,41919],{}," remove by default?",[20,144793,144794],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1404,144796,34472,144798,34475,144800,2099],{"id":144797},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144799,41919],{},[15,144801,124627],{},[20,144803,144804,144806,144807,144809],{},[15,144805,41919],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144808,124627],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1404,144811,144813],{"id":144812},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144815,128329,144816,144818,144819,144821],{},[15,144817,144187],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144820,144190],{}," for the right side.",[33,144823,2187],{"id":2186},[138,144825,144826,144832,144838,144843,144848],{},[141,144827,144828],{},[252,144829,126456,144830,11006],{"href":124183},[15,144831,124186],{},[141,144833,144834],{},[252,144835,126456,144836,11006],{"href":130037},[15,144837,124627],{},[141,144839,144840],{},[252,144841,144842],{"href":143924},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[141,144844,144845],{},[252,144846,144847],{"href":87907},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[141,144849,144850],{},[252,144851,125211],{"href":51245},[2210,144853,144854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":144856},[144857,144858,144860,144864,144866,144867,144869,144870,144872,144873,144884],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":143509,"depth":83,"text":144859},"What strip() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":144861},[144862,144863],{"id":143632,"depth":99,"text":143624},{"id":143683,"depth":99,"text":143629},{"id":143757,"depth":83,"text":144865},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144023,"depth":83,"text":144024},{"id":144182,"depth":83,"text":144868},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108463,"depth":83,"text":108464},{"id":144438,"depth":83,"text":144871},"When to use strip()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":144874},[144875,144877,144879,144881,144883],{"id":144769,"depth":99,"text":144876},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144780,"depth":99,"text":144878},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144788,"depth":99,"text":144880},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144797,"depth":99,"text":144882},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144812,"depth":99,"text":144813},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143430,"description":144885},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144892,"title":144893,"body":144894,"description":146074,"extension":2248,"meta":146075,"navigation":203,"path":146076,"seo":146077,"stem":146078,"__hash__":146079},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144895,"toc":146044},[144896,144901,144906,144911,144913,144959,144967,144972,144986,144992,144994,144996,145011,145013,145023,145026,145057,145060,145083,145085,145088,145145,145147,145161,145163,145177,145183,145188,145191,145232,145234,145243,145251,145254,145299,145301,145310,145313,145317,145322,145336,145338,145370,145372,145392,145395,145400,145405,145407,145418,145421,145478,145480,145488,145497,145499,145501,145507,145509,145546,145548,145556,145558,145599,145601,145610,145615,145620,145622,145649,145656,145659,145690,145692,145701,145707,145716,145747,145749,145761,145774,145778,145783,145813,145815,145882,145884,145894,145896,145901,145904,145909,145914,145918,145924,145930,145933,145935,145993,145995,146003,146005,146041],[10,144897,123456,144899,18],{"id":144898},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144900,128334],{},[20,144902,123461,144903,144905],{},[15,144904,128334],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144907,84718,144908,144910],{},[15,144909,128334],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[33,144912,36],{"id":35},[38,144914,144916],{"className":40,"code":144915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144917,144918,144930,144944,144954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144921,1600],{"class":53},[47,144923,58],{"class":57},[47,144925,644],{"class":632},[47,144927,129175],{"class":636},[47,144929,1609],{"class":632},[47,144931,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940,144942],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,144933,1442],{"class":53},[47,144935,58],{"class":57},[47,144937,43108],{"class":53},[47,144939,89],{"class":61},[47,144941,34745],{"class":92},[47,144943,96],{"class":61},[47,144945,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,144947,103],{"class":102},[47,144949,106],{"class":61},[47,144951,1466],{"class":92},[47,144953,216],{"class":61},[47,144955,144956],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,144957,144958],{"class":114},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144960,144961,144963,144964,144966],{},[15,144962,128334],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[4015,144965,4896],{}," change the original string in place.",[33,144968,128,144970,131],{"id":144969},"what-upper-does",[15,144971,128334],{},[138,144973,144974,144979,144982,144984],{},[141,144975,144976,144978],{},[15,144977,128334],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[141,144980,144981],{},"It works on string values only",[141,144983,133704],{},[141,144985,136422],{},[20,144987,125208,144988,3158,144990,89],{},[252,144989,136428],{"href":136427},[252,144991,125211],{"href":51245},[33,144993,259],{"id":258},[20,144995,2442],{},[38,144997,144999],{"className":40,"code":144998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,145000,145001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145002,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145004,61436],{"class":53},[47,145006,89],{"class":61},[47,145008,34745],{"class":92},[47,145010,96],{"class":61},[20,145012,11722],{},[138,145014,145015,145017,145020],{},[141,145016,97629],{},[141,145018,145019],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[141,145021,145022],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145024,145025],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,145027,145029],{"className":40,"code":145028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145030,145031,145043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145032,145033,145035,145037,145039,145041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145034,8140],{"class":53},[47,145036,58],{"class":57},[47,145038,644],{"class":632},[47,145040,42],{"class":636},[47,145042,1609],{"class":632},[47,145044,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053,145055],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145046,103],{"class":102},[47,145048,106],{"class":61},[47,145050,7932],{"class":92},[47,145052,89],{"class":61},[47,145054,34745],{"class":92},[47,145056,1993],{"class":61},[20,145058,145059],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,145061,145063],{"className":40,"code":145062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145064,145065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145066,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077,145079,145081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145068,103],{"class":102},[47,145070,106],{"class":61},[47,145072,633],{"class":632},[47,145074,4118],{"class":636},[47,145076,633],{"class":632},[47,145078,89],{"class":61},[47,145080,34745],{"class":92},[47,145082,1993],{"class":61},[33,145084,11739],{"id":11738},[20,145086,145087],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,145089,145091],{"className":40,"code":145090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145092,145093,145105,145120,145124,145134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145094,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145096,6418],{"class":53},[47,145098,58],{"class":57},[47,145100,644],{"class":632},[47,145102,637],{"class":636},[47,145104,1609],{"class":632},[47,145106,145107,145110,145112,145114,145116,145118],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145108,145109],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,145111,58],{"class":57},[47,145113,38645],{"class":53},[47,145115,89],{"class":61},[47,145117,34745],{"class":92},[47,145119,96],{"class":61},[47,145121,145122],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145123,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145125,145126,145128,145130,145132],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145127,103],{"class":102},[47,145129,106],{"class":61},[47,145131,38655],{"class":92},[47,145133,216],{"class":61},[47,145135,145136,145138,145140,145143],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,145137,103],{"class":102},[47,145139,106],{"class":61},[47,145141,145142],{"class":92},"uppercase_word",[47,145144,216],{"class":61},[20,145146,219],{},[38,145148,145150],{"className":40,"code":145149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145151,145152,145156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145153,145154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145155,70665],{"class":53},[47,145157,145158],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145159,145160],{"class":34720},"BANANA\n",[20,145162,112570],{},[138,145164,145165,145170],{},[141,145166,145167,145169],{},[15,145168,38655],{}," keeps its original value",[141,145171,145172,145174,145175],{},[15,145173,145142],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145176,128334],{},[33,145178,145180,145182],{"id":145179},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145181,128334],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145184,137088,145185,145187],{},[4015,145186,137091],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145189,145190],{},"So this method:",[38,145192,145194],{"className":40,"code":145193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145195,145196,145208,145218,145222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145197,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145199,8140],{"class":53},[47,145201,58],{"class":57},[47,145203,644],{"class":632},[47,145205,1130],{"class":636},[47,145207,1609],{"class":632},[47,145209,145210,145212,145214,145216],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145211,7932],{"class":53},[47,145213,89],{"class":61},[47,145215,34745],{"class":92},[47,145217,96],{"class":61},[47,145219,145220],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145221,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145225,103],{"class":102},[47,145227,106],{"class":61},[47,145229,7932],{"class":92},[47,145231,216],{"class":61},[20,145233,219],{},[38,145235,145237],{"className":40,"code":145236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,145238,145239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145240,145241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145242,145236],{"class":53},[20,145244,21243,145245,145247,145248,145250],{},[15,145246,128334],{}," was called, ",[15,145249,7932],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145252,145253],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,145255,145257],{"className":40,"code":145256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145258,145259,145271,145285,145289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145262,8140],{"class":53},[47,145264,58],{"class":57},[47,145266,644],{"class":632},[47,145268,1130],{"class":636},[47,145270,1609],{"class":632},[47,145272,145273,145275,145277,145279,145281,145283],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145274,8140],{"class":53},[47,145276,58],{"class":57},[47,145278,36258],{"class":53},[47,145280,89],{"class":61},[47,145282,34745],{"class":92},[47,145284,96],{"class":61},[47,145286,145287],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145288,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145290,145291,145293,145295,145297],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145292,103],{"class":102},[47,145294,106],{"class":61},[47,145296,7932],{"class":92},[47,145298,216],{"class":61},[20,145300,219],{},[38,145302,145304],{"className":40,"code":145303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,145305,145306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145307,145308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145309,145303],{"class":34720},[20,145311,145312],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[33,145314,145316],{"id":145315},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145318,145319,145321],{},[15,145320,128334],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[138,145323,145324,145327,145330,145333],{},[141,145325,145326],{},"Numbers stay the same",[141,145328,145329],{},"Spaces stay the same",[141,145331,145332],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[141,145334,145335],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145337,318],{},[38,145339,145341],{"className":40,"code":145340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145342,145343,145356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145344,145345,145347,145349,145351,145354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145346,1600],{"class":53},[47,145348,58],{"class":57},[47,145350,644],{"class":632},[47,145352,145353],{"class":636},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145355,1609],{"class":632},[47,145357,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145359,103],{"class":102},[47,145361,106],{"class":61},[47,145363,1614],{"class":92},[47,145365,89],{"class":61},[47,145367,34745],{"class":92},[47,145369,1993],{"class":61},[20,145371,219],{},[38,145373,145375],{"className":40,"code":145374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145376,145377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145378,145379,145382,145384,145386,145389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145380,145381],{"class":34720},"ROOM",[47,145383,343],{"class":65},[47,145385,69],{"class":61},[47,145387,145388],{"class":34720}," TABLE",[47,145390,145391],{"class":114}," #3!\n",[20,145393,145394],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[33,145396,5227,145398],{"id":145397},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145399,128334],{},[20,145401,145402,145404],{},[15,145403,128334],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145406,48608],{},[138,145408,145409,145412,145415],{},[141,145410,145411],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[141,145413,145414],{},"Format labels or headings",[141,145416,145417],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145419,145420],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,145422,145424],{"className":40,"code":145423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145425,145426,145438,145442,145464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145427,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145429,136699],{"class":53},[47,145431,58],{"class":57},[47,145433,644],{"class":632},[47,145435,8921],{"class":636},[47,145437,1609],{"class":632},[47,145439,145440],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145441,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145443,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145445,7262],{"class":2027},[47,145447,136719],{"class":53},[47,145449,89],{"class":61},[47,145451,34745],{"class":92},[47,145453,7629],{"class":61},[47,145455,6672],{"class":57},[47,145457,644],{"class":632},[47,145459,136706],{"class":636},[47,145461,633],{"class":632},[47,145463,6657],{"class":61},[47,145465,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474,145476],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145467,8333],{"class":102},[47,145469,106],{"class":61},[47,145471,633],{"class":632},[47,145473,143903],{"class":636},[47,145475,633],{"class":632},[47,145477,216],{"class":61},[20,145479,219],{},[38,145481,145482],{"className":40,"code":143912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145483,145484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145485,145486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145487,143912],{"class":53},[20,145489,145490,145491,2472,145493,2476,145495,89],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145492,8921],{},[15,145494,137492],{},[15,145496,136706],{},[33,145498,1397],{"id":1396},[1404,145500,95990],{"id":95989},[20,145502,8381,145503,145506],{},[15,145504,145505],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145508,1590],{},[38,145510,145512],{"className":40,"code":145511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145513,145514,145526,145536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145515,145516,145518,145520,145522,145524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145517,1600],{"class":53},[47,145519,58],{"class":57},[47,145521,644],{"class":632},[47,145523,4118],{"class":636},[47,145525,1609],{"class":632},[47,145527,145528,145530,145532,145534],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145529,1614],{"class":53},[47,145531,89],{"class":61},[47,145533,34745],{"class":92},[47,145535,96],{"class":61},[47,145537,145538,145540,145542,145544],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145539,103],{"class":102},[47,145541,106],{"class":61},[47,145543,1614],{"class":92},[47,145545,216],{"class":61},[20,145547,219],{},[38,145549,145550],{"className":40,"code":138771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145551,145552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145553,145554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145555,138771],{"class":53},[20,145557,16920],{},[38,145559,145561],{"className":40,"code":145560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145562,145563,145575,145589],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145564,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145566,1600],{"class":53},[47,145568,58],{"class":57},[47,145570,644],{"class":632},[47,145572,4118],{"class":636},[47,145574,1609],{"class":632},[47,145576,145577,145579,145581,145583,145585,145587],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145578,1600],{"class":53},[47,145580,58],{"class":57},[47,145582,43108],{"class":53},[47,145584,89],{"class":61},[47,145586,34745],{"class":92},[47,145588,96],{"class":61},[47,145590,145591,145593,145595,145597],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145592,103],{"class":102},[47,145594,106],{"class":61},[47,145596,1614],{"class":92},[47,145598,216],{"class":61},[20,145600,219],{},[38,145602,145604],{"className":40,"code":145603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,145605,145606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145607,145608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145609,145603],{"class":34720},[1404,145611,19172,145613,137378],{"id":145612},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145614,128334],{},[20,145616,145617,145619],{},[15,145618,128334],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145621,318],{},[38,145623,145625],{"className":40,"code":145624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145626,145627,145635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145628,145629,145631,145633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145630,2500],{"class":53},[47,145632,58],{"class":57},[47,145634,125138],{"class":65},[47,145636,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645,145647],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145638,103],{"class":102},[47,145640,106],{"class":61},[47,145642,2522],{"class":92},[47,145644,89],{"class":61},[47,145646,34745],{"class":92},[47,145648,1993],{"class":61},[20,145650,39918,145651,145653,145654,1626],{},[15,145652,2471],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145655,128334],{},[20,145657,145658],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,145660,145662],{"className":40,"code":145661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145663,145664,145672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145665,145666,145668,145670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145667,2500],{"class":53},[47,145669,58],{"class":57},[47,145671,125138],{"class":65},[47,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684,145686,145688],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145675,103],{"class":102},[47,145677,106],{"class":61},[47,145679,883],{"class":882},[47,145681,106],{"class":61},[47,145683,2522],{"class":92},[47,145685,8896],{"class":61},[47,145687,34745],{"class":92},[47,145689,1993],{"class":61},[20,145691,219],{},[38,145693,145695],{"className":40,"code":145694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,145696,145697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145698,145699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145700,145694],{"class":65},[1404,145702,37468,145704,145706],{"id":145703},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145705,128334],{}," with title case",[20,145708,145709,145711,145712,145715],{},[15,145710,128334],{}," makes ",[4015,145713,145714],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,145717,145719],{"className":40,"code":145718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145720,145721,145733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145722,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145724,1600],{"class":53},[47,145726,58],{"class":57},[47,145728,644],{"class":632},[47,145730,60672],{"class":636},[47,145732,1609],{"class":632},[47,145734,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145736,103],{"class":102},[47,145738,106],{"class":61},[47,145740,1614],{"class":92},[47,145742,89],{"class":61},[47,145744,34745],{"class":92},[47,145746,1993],{"class":61},[20,145748,219],{},[38,145750,145752],{"className":40,"code":145751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145753,145754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145755,145756,145758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145757,136480],{"class":34720},[47,145759,145760],{"class":34720}," WORLD\n",[20,145762,145763,145764,145768,145769,145773],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[252,145765,145766],{"href":124183},[15,145767,124186],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[252,145770,145771],{"href":130037},[15,145772,124627],{}," changes parts of a string.",[33,145775,145777],{"id":145776},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145779,145780,145781,136],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145782,128334],{},[138,145784,145785,145792,145799,145806],{},[141,145786,145787,145791],{},[252,145788,145789],{"href":124183},[15,145790,124186],{}," for lowercase text",[141,145793,145794,145798],{},[252,145795,145796],{"href":137026},[15,145797,41919],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[141,145800,145801,145805],{},[252,145802,145803],{"href":130037},[15,145804,124627],{}," for changing parts of a string",[141,145807,145808,1233,145810,145812],{},[15,145809,127824],{},[15,145811,126514],{}," for checks",[20,145814,318],{},[38,145816,145818],{"className":40,"code":145817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145819,145820,145832,145836,145851,145867,145871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145821,145822,145824,145826,145828,145830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145823,1600],{"class":53},[47,145825,58],{"class":57},[47,145827,644],{"class":632},[47,145829,143554],{"class":636},[47,145831,1609],{"class":632},[47,145833,145834],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145835,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145837,145838,145841,145843,145845,145847,145849],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145839,145840],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,145842,58],{"class":57},[47,145844,43108],{"class":53},[47,145846,89],{"class":61},[47,145848,8899],{"class":92},[47,145850,96],{"class":61},[47,145852,145853,145856,145858,145861,145863,145865],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145854,145855],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,145857,58],{"class":57},[47,145859,145860],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,145862,89],{"class":61},[47,145864,34745],{"class":92},[47,145866,96],{"class":61},[47,145868,145869],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,145870,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145872,145873,145875,145877,145880],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,145874,103],{"class":102},[47,145876,106],{"class":61},[47,145878,145879],{"class":92},"loud",[47,145881,216],{"class":61},[20,145883,219],{},[38,145885,145886],{"className":40,"code":145751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145887,145888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145889,145890,145892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145891,136480],{"class":34720},[47,145893,145760],{"class":34720},[33,145895,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,145897,2082,145899,124783],{"id":145898},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145900,128334],{},[20,145902,145903],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1404,145905,2082,145907,137760],{"id":145906},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145908,128334],{},[20,145910,145911,145912,89],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145913,145505],{},[1404,145915,145917],{"id":145916},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145919,145920,145921,145923],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145922,128334],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1404,145925,28593,145927,145929],{"id":145926},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145928,128334],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145931,145932],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145934,318],{},[38,145936,145938],{"className":40,"code":145937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145939,145940,145952,145965,145969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145941,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145943,2834],{"class":53},[47,145945,58],{"class":57},[47,145947,644],{"class":632},[47,145949,42],{"class":636},[47,145951,1609],{"class":632},[47,145953,145954,145956,145958,145960,145963],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,145955,2862],{"class":53},[47,145957,58],{"class":57},[47,145959,644],{"class":632},[47,145961,145962],{"class":636},"PYTHON",[47,145964,1609],{"class":632},[47,145966,145967],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,145968,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,145970,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987,145989,145991],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,145972,103],{"class":102},[47,145974,106],{"class":61},[47,145976,252],{"class":92},[47,145978,89],{"class":61},[47,145980,34745],{"class":92},[47,145982,7629],{"class":61},[47,145984,6672],{"class":57},[47,145986,2839],{"class":92},[47,145988,89],{"class":61},[47,145990,34745],{"class":92},[47,145992,1993],{"class":61},[20,145994,219],{},[38,145996,145997],{"className":40,"code":4249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145998,145999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146000,146001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146002,4249],{"class":284},[33,146004,2187],{"id":2186},[138,146006,146007,146011,146017,146023,146029,146033,146037],{},[141,146008,146009],{},[252,146010,125211],{"href":51245},[141,146012,146013],{},[252,146014,126456,146015,11006],{"href":124183},[15,146016,124186],{},[141,146018,146019],{},[252,146020,126456,146021,11006],{"href":137026},[15,146022,41919],{},[141,146024,146025],{},[252,146026,126456,146027,11006],{"href":130037},[15,146028,124627],{},[141,146030,146031],{},[252,146032,90784],{"href":89793},[141,146034,146035],{},[252,146036,124855],{"href":123711},[141,146038,146039],{},[252,146040,137846],{"href":136427},[2210,146042,146043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":146045},[146046,146047,146049,146050,146051,146053,146054,146056,146063,146064,146073],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":144969,"depth":83,"text":146048},"What upper() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":145179,"depth":83,"text":146052},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145315,"depth":83,"text":145316},{"id":145397,"depth":83,"text":146055},"When to use upper()",{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":146057},[146058,146059,146061],{"id":95989,"depth":99,"text":95990},{"id":145612,"depth":99,"text":146060},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145703,"depth":99,"text":146062},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145776,"depth":83,"text":145777},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":146065},[146066,146068,146070,146071],{"id":145898,"depth":99,"text":146067},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145906,"depth":99,"text":146069},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145916,"depth":99,"text":145917},{"id":145926,"depth":99,"text":146072},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144893,"description":146074},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146081,"title":146082,"body":146083,"description":147960,"extension":2248,"meta":147961,"navigation":203,"path":147962,"seo":147963,"stem":147964,"__hash__":147965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146084,"toc":147910},[146085,146091,146098,146104,146106,146162,146167,146172,146177,146180,146199,146202,146204,146228,146246,146257,146259,146262,146315,146317,146325,146327,146345,146350,146353,146410,146412,146421,146424,146444,146447,146453,146458,146460,146503,146505,146513,146516,146557,146559,146568,146574,146580,146607,146609,146617,146622,146626,146638,146681,146683,146691,146696,146702,146707,146711,146713,146756,146759,146806,146808,146817,146824,146828,146831,146877,146882,146886,146888,146931,146934,146942,146944,146949,146951,146953,146972,146975,146987,146989,147008,147010,147018,147022,147024,147075,147078,147153,147155,147163,147166,147170,147172,147219,147222,147293,147295,147303,147309,147311,147386,147390,147469,147471,147479,147485,147491,147496,147501,147550,147554,147625,147628,147633,147644,147647,147658,147668,147670,147675,147700,147705,147786,147788,147813,147815,147820,147823,147829,147838,147844,147847,147853,147859,147866,147869,147871,147907],[10,146086,1386,146088,3855],{"id":146087},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146089,146090],{},"sum()",[20,146092,9387,146093,146095,146096,25028],{},[15,146094,146090],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146097,60264],{},[20,146099,146100,146101,146103],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146102,36339],{}," value and a few important limits.",[33,146105,36],{"id":35},[38,146107,146109],{"className":40,"code":146108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146110,146111,146135,146150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146112,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146114,54],{"class":53},[47,146116,58],{"class":57},[47,146118,62],{"class":61},[47,146120,232],{"class":65},[47,146122,69],{"class":61},[47,146124,77],{"class":65},[47,146126,69],{"class":61},[47,146128,442],{"class":65},[47,146130,69],{"class":61},[47,146132,402],{"class":65},[47,146134,80],{"class":61},[47,146136,146137,146139,146141,146144,146146,146148],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146138,41448],{"class":53},[47,146140,58],{"class":57},[47,146142,146143],{"class":102}," sum",[47,146145,106],{"class":61},[47,146147,86],{"class":92},[47,146149,216],{"class":61},[47,146151,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,146153,103],{"class":102},[47,146155,106],{"class":61},[47,146157,41477],{"class":92},[47,146159,111],{"class":61},[47,146161,27059],{"class":114},[20,146163,118,146164,146166],{},[15,146165,146090],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[33,146168,128,146170,131],{"id":146169},"what-sum-does",[15,146171,146090],{},[20,146173,146174,146176],{},[15,146175,146090],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146178,146179],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[138,146181,146182,146185,146188,146193],{},[141,146183,146184],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[141,146186,146187],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[141,146189,146190,146191],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146192,36463],{},[141,146194,146195,146196,146198],{},"Counting ",[15,146197,367],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146200,146201],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[33,146203,259],{"id":258},[38,146205,146207],{"className":40,"code":146206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146208,146209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146210,146211,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146212,146213],{"class":102},"sum",[47,146215,106],{"class":61},[47,146217,3992],{"class":92},[47,146219,69],{"class":61},[47,146221,36318],{"class":278},[47,146223,58],{"class":57},[47,146225,2403],{"class":65},[47,146227,216],{"class":61},[138,146229,146230,146235,146240],{},[141,146231,146232,146234],{},[15,146233,3992],{}," is the group of values to add",[141,146236,146237,146239],{},[15,146238,36339],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[141,146241,146242,146243],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146244,146245],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146247,146248,146249,146252,146253,89],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146250,146251,3992],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[252,146254,146255,24882],{"href":36460},[15,146256,36463],{},[33,146258,11739],{"id":11738},[20,146260,146261],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,146263,146265],{"className":40,"code":146264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146266,146267,146287,146301,146305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146268,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146270,54],{"class":53},[47,146272,58],{"class":57},[47,146274,62],{"class":61},[47,146276,173],{"class":65},[47,146278,69],{"class":61},[47,146280,503],{"class":65},[47,146282,69],{"class":61},[47,146284,38201],{"class":65},[47,146286,80],{"class":61},[47,146288,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146290,41448],{"class":53},[47,146292,58],{"class":57},[47,146294,146143],{"class":102},[47,146296,106],{"class":61},[47,146298,86],{"class":92},[47,146300,216],{"class":61},[47,146302,146303],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,146304,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,146306,146307,146309,146311,146313],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,146308,103],{"class":102},[47,146310,106],{"class":61},[47,146312,41477],{"class":92},[47,146314,216],{"class":61},[20,146316,219],{},[38,146318,146319],{"className":40,"code":70099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146320,146321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146322,146323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146324,70099],{"class":65},[20,146326,11948],{},[138,146328,146329,146334,146340],{},[141,146330,146331,146333],{},[15,146332,86],{}," contains three integers",[141,146335,146336,146339],{},[15,146337,146338],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[141,146341,146342,146343],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146344,41477],{},[33,146346,950,146348,8697],{"id":146347},"using-the-start-value",[15,146349,36339],{},[20,146351,146352],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,146354,146356],{"className":40,"code":146355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146357,146358,146378,146396,146400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146359,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146361,54],{"class":53},[47,146363,58],{"class":57},[47,146365,62],{"class":61},[47,146367,232],{"class":65},[47,146369,69],{"class":61},[47,146371,77],{"class":65},[47,146373,69],{"class":61},[47,146375,442],{"class":65},[47,146377,80],{"class":61},[47,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146381,41448],{"class":53},[47,146383,58],{"class":57},[47,146385,146143],{"class":102},[47,146387,106],{"class":61},[47,146389,86],{"class":92},[47,146391,69],{"class":61},[47,146393,503],{"class":65},[47,146395,216],{"class":61},[47,146397,146398],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,146399,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,146403,103],{"class":102},[47,146405,106],{"class":61},[47,146407,41477],{"class":92},[47,146409,216],{"class":61},[20,146411,219],{},[38,146413,146415],{"className":40,"code":146414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,146416,146417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146418,146419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146420,146414],{"class":65},[20,146422,146423],{},"This works like:",[138,146425,146426,146431,146436,146440],{},[141,146427,146428,146429],{},"Start at ",[15,146430,437],{},[141,146432,146433,146434],{},"Add ",[15,146435,232],{},[141,146437,146433,146438],{},[15,146439,2340],{},[141,146441,146433,146442],{},[15,146443,66],{},[20,146445,146446],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[33,146448,128,146450,146452],{"id":146449},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146451,146090],{}," can work with",[20,146454,146455,146457],{},[15,146456,146090],{}," works with numeric values.",[1404,146459,40690],{"id":40689},[38,146461,146463],{"className":40,"code":146462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146464,146465,146489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146466,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146468,4095],{"class":53},[47,146470,58],{"class":57},[47,146472,62],{"class":61},[47,146474,232],{"class":65},[47,146476,69],{"class":61},[47,146478,77],{"class":65},[47,146480,69],{"class":61},[47,146482,442],{"class":65},[47,146484,69],{"class":61},[47,146486,402],{"class":65},[47,146488,80],{"class":61},[47,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146492,103],{"class":102},[47,146494,106],{"class":61},[47,146496,146213],{"class":102},[47,146498,106],{"class":61},[47,146500,5625],{"class":92},[47,146502,1978],{"class":61},[20,146504,219],{},[38,146506,146507],{"className":40,"code":2658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146508,146509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146510,146511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146512,2658],{"class":65},[1404,146514,146515],{"id":52315},"Floats",[38,146517,146519],{"className":40,"code":146518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146520,146521,146543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146522,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146536,146538,146541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146524,83149],{"class":53},[47,146526,58],{"class":57},[47,146528,62],{"class":61},[47,146530,41424],{"class":65},[47,146532,69],{"class":61},[47,146534,146535],{"class":65}," 3.75",[47,146537,69],{"class":61},[47,146539,146540],{"class":65}," 1.25",[47,146542,80],{"class":61},[47,146544,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146546,103],{"class":102},[47,146548,106],{"class":61},[47,146550,146213],{"class":102},[47,146552,106],{"class":61},[47,146554,83185],{"class":92},[47,146556,1978],{"class":61},[20,146558,219],{},[38,146560,146562],{"className":40,"code":146561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,146563,146564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146565,146566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146567,146561],{"class":65},[20,146569,146570,146571,89],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[252,146572,146573],{"href":2700},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1404,146575,146577,146578],{"id":146576},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146579,36463],{},[38,146581,146583],{"className":40,"code":146582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146584,146585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146586,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146588,103],{"class":102},[47,146590,106],{"class":61},[47,146592,146213],{"class":102},[47,146594,106],{"class":61},[47,146596,60264],{"class":102},[47,146598,106],{"class":61},[47,146600,232],{"class":65},[47,146602,69],{"class":61},[47,146604,37908],{"class":65},[47,146606,3192],{"class":61},[20,146608,219],{},[38,146610,146611],{"className":40,"code":47309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146612,146613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146614,146615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146616,47309],{"class":65},[20,146618,113660,146619,89],{},[15,146620,146621],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1404,146623,146625],{"id":146624},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146627,146628,146629,146631,146632,1233,146634,146631,146636,89],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146630,367],{}," acts like ",[15,146633,232],{},[15,146635,294],{},[15,146637,2403],{},[38,146639,146641],{"className":40,"code":146640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146642,146643,146667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146646,52235],{"class":53},[47,146648,58],{"class":57},[47,146650,62],{"class":61},[47,146652,367],{"class":284},[47,146654,69],{"class":61},[47,146656,4176],{"class":284},[47,146658,69],{"class":61},[47,146660,4185],{"class":284},[47,146662,69],{"class":61},[47,146664,4185],{"class":284},[47,146666,80],{"class":61},[47,146668,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146670,103],{"class":102},[47,146672,106],{"class":61},[47,146674,146213],{"class":102},[47,146676,106],{"class":61},[47,146678,52288],{"class":92},[47,146680,1978],{"class":61},[20,146682,219],{},[38,146684,146685],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146686,146687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146688,146689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146690,46885],{"class":65},[20,146692,146693,146694,89],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146695,367],{},[33,146697,128,146699,146701],{"id":146698},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146700,146090],{}," does not work with",[20,146703,146704,146706],{},[15,146705,146090],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1404,146708,146710],{"id":146709},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146712,3116],{},[38,146714,146716],{"className":40,"code":146715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146717,146718,146742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146719,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146721,625],{"class":53},[47,146723,58],{"class":57},[47,146725,62],{"class":61},[47,146727,633],{"class":632},[47,146729,4118],{"class":636},[47,146731,633],{"class":632},[47,146733,69],{"class":61},[47,146735,644],{"class":632},[47,146737,60855],{"class":636},[47,146739,633],{"class":632},[47,146741,80],{"class":61},[47,146743,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146745,103],{"class":102},[47,146747,106],{"class":61},[47,146749,146213],{"class":102},[47,146751,106],{"class":61},[47,146753,665],{"class":92},[47,146755,1978],{"class":61},[20,146757,146758],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,146760,146762],{"className":40,"code":146761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146763,146764,146788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146765,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146767,625],{"class":53},[47,146769,58],{"class":57},[47,146771,62],{"class":61},[47,146773,633],{"class":632},[47,146775,4118],{"class":636},[47,146777,633],{"class":632},[47,146779,69],{"class":61},[47,146781,644],{"class":632},[47,146783,60855],{"class":636},[47,146785,633],{"class":632},[47,146787,80],{"class":61},[47,146789,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146791,103],{"class":102},[47,146793,106],{"class":61},[47,146795,6536],{"class":632},[47,146797,89],{"class":61},[47,146799,133615],{"class":92},[47,146801,106],{"class":61},[47,146803,665],{"class":92},[47,146805,1978],{"class":61},[20,146807,219],{},[38,146809,146811],{"className":40,"code":146810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,146812,146813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146814,146815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146816,146810],{"class":53},[20,146818,146819,146820,89],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[252,146821,146822,1389],{"href":42441},[15,146823,47952],{},[1404,146825,146827],{"id":146826},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146829,146830],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,146832,146834],{"className":40,"code":146833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146835,146836,146863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146837,146838,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146839,146840],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,146842,58],{"class":57},[47,146844,56559],{"class":61},[47,146846,232],{"class":65},[47,146848,69],{"class":61},[47,146850,77],{"class":65},[47,146852,18327],{"class":61},[47,146854,62],{"class":61},[47,146856,66],{"class":65},[47,146858,69],{"class":61},[47,146860,402],{"class":65},[47,146862,53512],{"class":61},[47,146864,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146866,103],{"class":102},[47,146868,106],{"class":61},[47,146870,146213],{"class":102},[47,146872,106],{"class":61},[47,146874,5566],{"class":92},[47,146876,1978],{"class":61},[20,146878,146879,146881],{},[15,146880,146090],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1404,146883,146885],{"id":146884},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146887,5739],{},[38,146889,146891],{"className":40,"code":146890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146892,146893,146917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146896,4095],{"class":53},[47,146898,58],{"class":57},[47,146900,62],{"class":61},[47,146902,232],{"class":65},[47,146904,69],{"class":61},[47,146906,77],{"class":65},[47,146908,69],{"class":61},[47,146910,644],{"class":632},[47,146912,66],{"class":636},[47,146914,633],{"class":632},[47,146916,80],{"class":61},[47,146918,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,146920,103],{"class":102},[47,146922,106],{"class":61},[47,146924,146213],{"class":102},[47,146926,106],{"class":61},[47,146928,5625],{"class":92},[47,146930,1978],{"class":61},[20,146932,146933],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146935,146936,146937,146939,146940,89],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146938,66205],{},", convert them first. See ",[252,146941,3243],{"href":3242},[33,146943,41770],{"id":41769},[20,146945,146946,146947,89],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146948,146090],{},[1404,146950,6789],{"id":6788},[20,146952,4791],{},[38,146954,146956],{"className":40,"code":146955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146959,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146961,103],{"class":102},[47,146963,106],{"class":61},[47,146965,146213],{"class":102},[47,146967,106],{"class":61},[47,146969,173],{"class":65},[47,146971,1978],{"class":61},[20,146973,146974],{},"Why it fails:",[138,146976,146977,146982],{},[141,146978,146979,146981],{},[15,146980,173],{}," is a single integer",[141,146983,146984,146986],{},[15,146985,146090],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146988,6819],{},[38,146990,146992],{"className":40,"code":146991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146993,146994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146995,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146997,103],{"class":102},[47,146999,106],{"class":61},[47,147001,146213],{"class":102},[47,147003,2015],{"class":61},[47,147005,173],{"class":65},[47,147007,3278],{"class":61},[20,147009,219],{},[38,147011,147012],{"className":40,"code":3227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147013,147014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147015,147016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147017,3227],{"class":65},[1404,147019,147021],{"id":147020},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147023,4791],{},[38,147025,147027],{"className":40,"code":147026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147028,147029,147061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147030,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147032,4095],{"class":53},[47,147034,58],{"class":57},[47,147036,62],{"class":61},[47,147038,633],{"class":632},[47,147040,232],{"class":636},[47,147042,633],{"class":632},[47,147044,69],{"class":61},[47,147046,644],{"class":632},[47,147048,2340],{"class":636},[47,147050,633],{"class":632},[47,147052,69],{"class":61},[47,147054,644],{"class":632},[47,147056,66],{"class":636},[47,147058,633],{"class":632},[47,147060,80],{"class":61},[47,147062,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147064,103],{"class":102},[47,147066,106],{"class":61},[47,147068,146213],{"class":102},[47,147070,106],{"class":61},[47,147072,5625],{"class":92},[47,147074,1978],{"class":61},[20,147076,147077],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,147079,147081],{"className":40,"code":147080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147082,147083,147115,147143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147084,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147086,4095],{"class":53},[47,147088,58],{"class":57},[47,147090,62],{"class":61},[47,147092,633],{"class":632},[47,147094,232],{"class":636},[47,147096,633],{"class":632},[47,147098,69],{"class":61},[47,147100,644],{"class":632},[47,147102,2340],{"class":636},[47,147104,633],{"class":632},[47,147106,69],{"class":61},[47,147108,644],{"class":632},[47,147110,66],{"class":636},[47,147112,633],{"class":632},[47,147114,80],{"class":61},[47,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147118,41448],{"class":53},[47,147120,58],{"class":57},[47,147122,146143],{"class":102},[47,147124,106],{"class":61},[47,147126,2471],{"class":882},[47,147128,106],{"class":61},[47,147130,2456],{"class":92},[47,147132,111],{"class":61},[47,147134,2028],{"class":2027},[47,147136,4151],{"class":92},[47,147138,2034],{"class":2027},[47,147140,4156],{"class":92},[47,147142,216],{"class":61},[47,147144,147145,147147,147149,147151],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,147146,103],{"class":102},[47,147148,106],{"class":61},[47,147150,41477],{"class":92},[47,147152,216],{"class":61},[20,147154,219],{},[38,147156,147157],{"className":40,"code":2935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147158,147159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147160,147161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147162,2935],{"class":65},[20,147164,147165],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1404,147167,147169],{"id":147168},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147171,4791],{},[38,147173,147175],{"className":40,"code":147174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147176,147177,147205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147178,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147180,4095],{"class":53},[47,147182,58],{"class":57},[47,147184,62],{"class":61},[47,147186,232],{"class":65},[47,147188,69],{"class":61},[47,147190,77],{"class":65},[47,147192,69],{"class":61},[47,147194,644],{"class":632},[47,147196,66],{"class":636},[47,147198,633],{"class":632},[47,147200,69],{"class":61},[47,147202,402],{"class":65},[47,147204,80],{"class":61},[47,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147208,103],{"class":102},[47,147210,106],{"class":61},[47,147212,146213],{"class":102},[47,147214,106],{"class":61},[47,147216,5625],{"class":92},[47,147218,1978],{"class":61},[20,147220,147221],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,147223,147225],{"className":40,"code":147224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147226,147227,147255,147283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147228,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147230,4095],{"class":53},[47,147232,58],{"class":57},[47,147234,62],{"class":61},[47,147236,232],{"class":65},[47,147238,69],{"class":61},[47,147240,77],{"class":65},[47,147242,69],{"class":61},[47,147244,644],{"class":632},[47,147246,66],{"class":636},[47,147248,633],{"class":632},[47,147250,69],{"class":61},[47,147252,402],{"class":65},[47,147254,80],{"class":61},[47,147256,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147258,41448],{"class":53},[47,147260,58],{"class":57},[47,147262,146143],{"class":102},[47,147264,106],{"class":61},[47,147266,2471],{"class":882},[47,147268,106],{"class":61},[47,147270,2456],{"class":92},[47,147272,111],{"class":61},[47,147274,2028],{"class":2027},[47,147276,4151],{"class":92},[47,147278,2034],{"class":2027},[47,147280,4156],{"class":92},[47,147282,216],{"class":61},[47,147284,147285,147287,147289,147291],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,147286,103],{"class":102},[47,147288,106],{"class":61},[47,147290,41477],{"class":92},[47,147292,216],{"class":61},[20,147294,219],{},[38,147296,147297],{"className":40,"code":2658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147298,147299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147300,147301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147302,2658],{"class":65},[1404,147304,8681,147306,147308],{"id":147305},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147307,146090],{}," to join text",[20,147310,4791],{},[38,147312,147314],{"className":40,"code":147313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147315,147316,147372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147319,1639],{"class":53},[47,147321,58],{"class":57},[47,147323,62],{"class":61},[47,147325,633],{"class":632},[47,147327,134214],{"class":636},[47,147329,633],{"class":632},[47,147331,69],{"class":61},[47,147333,644],{"class":632},[47,147335,1739],{"class":636},[47,147337,633],{"class":632},[47,147339,69],{"class":61},[47,147341,644],{"class":632},[47,147343,1730],{"class":636},[47,147345,633],{"class":632},[47,147347,69],{"class":61},[47,147349,644],{"class":632},[47,147351,1695],{"class":636},[47,147353,633],{"class":632},[47,147355,69],{"class":61},[47,147357,644],{"class":632},[47,147359,1713],{"class":636},[47,147361,633],{"class":632},[47,147363,69],{"class":61},[47,147365,644],{"class":632},[47,147367,1704],{"class":636},[47,147369,633],{"class":632},[47,147371,80],{"class":61},[47,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147375,103],{"class":102},[47,147377,106],{"class":61},[47,147379,146213],{"class":102},[47,147381,106],{"class":61},[47,147383,1659],{"class":92},[47,147385,1978],{"class":61},[20,147387,118,147388,60796],{},[15,147389,133538],{},[38,147391,147393],{"className":40,"code":147392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147394,147395,147451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147396,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147398,1639],{"class":53},[47,147400,58],{"class":57},[47,147402,62],{"class":61},[47,147404,633],{"class":632},[47,147406,134214],{"class":636},[47,147408,633],{"class":632},[47,147410,69],{"class":61},[47,147412,644],{"class":632},[47,147414,1739],{"class":636},[47,147416,633],{"class":632},[47,147418,69],{"class":61},[47,147420,644],{"class":632},[47,147422,1730],{"class":636},[47,147424,633],{"class":632},[47,147426,69],{"class":61},[47,147428,644],{"class":632},[47,147430,1695],{"class":636},[47,147432,633],{"class":632},[47,147434,69],{"class":61},[47,147436,644],{"class":632},[47,147438,1713],{"class":636},[47,147440,633],{"class":632},[47,147442,69],{"class":61},[47,147444,644],{"class":632},[47,147446,1704],{"class":636},[47,147448,633],{"class":632},[47,147450,80],{"class":61},[47,147452,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147454,103],{"class":102},[47,147456,106],{"class":61},[47,147458,6536],{"class":632},[47,147460,89],{"class":61},[47,147462,133615],{"class":92},[47,147464,106],{"class":61},[47,147466,1659],{"class":92},[47,147468,1978],{"class":61},[20,147470,219],{},[38,147472,147473],{"className":40,"code":134295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147474,147475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147476,147477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147478,134295],{"class":53},[20,147480,147481,147482,89],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[252,147483,147484],{"href":135376},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[33,147486,147488,147490],{"id":147487},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147489,146090],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147492,147493,147495],{},[15,147494,146090],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1404,147497,8681,147499],{"id":147498},"using-sum",[15,147500,146090],{},[38,147502,147504],{"className":40,"code":147503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147505,147506,147526,147540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147507,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522,147524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147509,54],{"class":53},[47,147511,58],{"class":57},[47,147513,62],{"class":61},[47,147515,334],{"class":65},[47,147517,69],{"class":61},[47,147519,343],{"class":65},[47,147521,69],{"class":61},[47,147523,182],{"class":65},[47,147525,80],{"class":61},[47,147527,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147529,41448],{"class":53},[47,147531,58],{"class":57},[47,147533,146143],{"class":102},[47,147535,106],{"class":61},[47,147537,86],{"class":92},[47,147539,216],{"class":61},[47,147541,147542,147544,147546,147548],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,147543,103],{"class":102},[47,147545,106],{"class":61},[47,147547,41477],{"class":92},[47,147549,216],{"class":61},[1404,147551,147553],{"id":147552},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,147555,147557],{"className":40,"code":147556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147558,147559,147579,147587,147591,147603,147611,147615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147560,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147562,54],{"class":53},[47,147564,58],{"class":57},[47,147566,62],{"class":61},[47,147568,334],{"class":65},[47,147570,69],{"class":61},[47,147572,343],{"class":65},[47,147574,69],{"class":61},[47,147576,182],{"class":65},[47,147578,80],{"class":61},[47,147580,147581,147583,147585],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147582,41448],{"class":53},[47,147584,58],{"class":57},[47,147586,38777],{"class":65},[47,147588,147589],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,147590,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,147594,6224],{"class":2027},[47,147596,6650],{"class":53},[47,147598,2034],{"class":2027},[47,147600,1447],{"class":53},[47,147602,6657],{"class":61},[47,147604,147605,147607,147609],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,147606,90208],{"class":53},[47,147608,90211],{"class":57},[47,147610,90214],{"class":53},[47,147612,147613],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,147614,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,147618,103],{"class":102},[47,147620,106],{"class":61},[47,147622,41477],{"class":92},[47,147624,216],{"class":61},[20,147626,147627],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147629,2769,147630,147632],{},[15,147631,146090],{}," is often better:",[138,147634,147635,147638,147641],{},[141,147636,147637],{},"Shorter code",[141,147639,147640],{},"Easier to read",[141,147642,147643],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147645,147646],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[138,147648,147649,147652,147655],{},[141,147650,147651],{},"You need to skip some values",[141,147653,147654],{},"You need extra checks",[141,147656,147657],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147659,147660,147661,147664,147665,147667],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[252,147662,147663],{"href":40273},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147666,146090],{}," on the filtered result.",[33,147669,1397],{"id":1396},[20,147671,147672,147673,136],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147674,146090],{},[138,147676,147677,147683,147690,147697],{},[141,147678,147679,147680],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147681,147682],{},"sum(5)",[141,147684,147685,147686,147689],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147687,147688],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[141,147691,8681,147692,147694,147695],{},[15,147693,146090],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147696,133538],{},[141,147698,147699],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147701,9139,147702,147704],{},[15,147703,146090],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,147706,147708],{"className":40,"code":147707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147709,147710,147720,147734,147758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147711,147712,147714,147716,147718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147713,103],{"class":102},[47,147715,106],{"class":61},[47,147717,5625],{"class":92},[47,147719,216],{"class":61},[47,147721,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,147723,103],{"class":102},[47,147725,106],{"class":61},[47,147727,1971],{"class":882},[47,147729,106],{"class":61},[47,147731,5625],{"class":92},[47,147733,1978],{"class":61},[47,147735,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,147737,103],{"class":102},[47,147739,2015],{"class":61},[47,147741,1971],{"class":882},[47,147743,106],{"class":61},[47,147745,2456],{"class":92},[47,147747,111],{"class":61},[47,147749,2028],{"class":2027},[47,147751,4151],{"class":92},[47,147753,2034],{"class":2027},[47,147755,4156],{"class":92},[47,147757,2040],{"class":61},[47,147759,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,147761,103],{"class":102},[47,147763,106],{"class":61},[47,147765,146213],{"class":102},[47,147767,2015],{"class":61},[47,147769,2471],{"class":882},[47,147771,106],{"class":61},[47,147773,2456],{"class":92},[47,147775,111],{"class":61},[47,147777,2028],{"class":2027},[47,147779,4151],{"class":92},[47,147781,2034],{"class":2027},[47,147783,4156],{"class":92},[47,147785,3278],{"class":61},[20,147787,136109],{},[138,147789,147790,147796,147802,147807],{},[141,147791,147792,147795],{},[15,147793,147794],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[141,147797,147798,147801],{},[15,147799,147800],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[141,147803,147804,136131],{},[15,147805,147806],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[141,147808,147809,147812],{},[15,147810,147811],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[33,147814,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,147816,5408,147818,5411],{"id":147817},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147819,146090],{},[20,147821,147822],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1404,147824,5436,147826,147828],{"id":147825},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147827,146090],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147830,30536,147831,3158,147834,147837],{},[15,147832,147833],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147835,147836],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1404,147839,5436,147841,147843],{"id":147840},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147842,146090],{}," work with floats?",[20,147845,147846],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1404,147848,147850,147851,2099],{"id":147849},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147852,146090],{},[20,147854,147855,147856,147858],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147857,36339],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1404,147860,5424,147862,119494,147864,2099],{"id":147861},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147863,146090],{},[15,147865,1574],{},[20,147867,147868],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[33,147870,2187],{"id":2186},[138,147872,147873,147877,147883,147889,147895,147899,147903],{},[141,147874,147875],{},[252,147876,146573],{"href":2700},[141,147878,147879],{},[252,147880,1386,147881,3785],{"href":36460},[15,147882,36463],{},[141,147884,147885],{},[252,147886,1386,147887,3785],{"href":42624},[15,147888,42627],{},[141,147890,147891],{},[252,147892,1386,147893,3785],{"href":42441},[15,147894,47952],{},[141,147896,147897],{},[252,147898,5487],{"href":40273},[141,147900,147901],{},[252,147902,3802],{"href":3242},[141,147904,147905],{},[252,147906,147484],{"href":135376},[2210,147908,147909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":147911},[147912,147913,147915,147916,147917,147919,147927,147933,147940,147946,147947,147959],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":146169,"depth":83,"text":147914},"What sum() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":146347,"depth":83,"text":147918},"Using the start value",{"id":146449,"depth":83,"text":147920,"children":147921},"What sum() can work with",[147922,147923,147924,147926],{"id":40689,"depth":99,"text":40690},{"id":52315,"depth":99,"text":146515},{"id":146576,"depth":99,"text":147925},"Values from range()",{"id":146624,"depth":99,"text":146625},{"id":146698,"depth":83,"text":147928,"children":147929},"What sum() does not work with",[147930,147931,147932],{"id":146709,"depth":99,"text":146710},{"id":146826,"depth":99,"text":146827},{"id":146884,"depth":99,"text":146885},{"id":41769,"depth":83,"text":41770,"children":147934},[147935,147936,147937,147938],{"id":6788,"depth":99,"text":6789},{"id":147020,"depth":99,"text":147021},{"id":147168,"depth":99,"text":147169},{"id":147305,"depth":99,"text":147939},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147487,"depth":83,"text":147941,"children":147942},"sum() vs manual loop",[147943,147945],{"id":147498,"depth":99,"text":147944},"Using sum()",{"id":147552,"depth":99,"text":147553},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":147948},[147949,147951,147953,147955,147957],{"id":147817,"depth":99,"text":147950},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147825,"depth":99,"text":147952},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147840,"depth":99,"text":147954},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147849,"depth":99,"text":147956},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147861,"depth":99,"text":147958},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146082,"description":147960},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147967,"title":147968,"body":147969,"description":149371,"extension":2248,"meta":149372,"navigation":203,"path":149373,"seo":149374,"stem":149375,"__hash__":149376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147970,"toc":149339},[147971,147977,147983,147986,148049,148055,148060,148064,148081,148095,148099,148119,148133,148135,148228,148230,148244,148246,148249,148338,148340,148348,148357,148359,148363,148384,148386,148478,148480,148501,148503,148507,148521,148523,148597,148599,148618,148622,148625,148648,148650,148761,148768,148776,148778,148784,148787,148830,148833,148856,148864,148868,148943,148949,148974,148981,148984,148987,148991,148996,149084,149092,149096,149099,149124,149128,149189,149193,149242,149252,149254,149259,149262,149268,149271,149275,149279,149285,149288,149296,149304,149306,149336],[10,147972,147974,147975,18],{"id":147973},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147976,57556],{},[20,147978,147979,147982],{},[15,147980,147981],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147984,147985],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,147987,147989],{"className":40,"code":147988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147990,147991,148019,148037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147992,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147994,54],{"class":53},[47,147996,58],{"class":57},[47,147998,9500],{"class":61},[47,148000,232],{"class":65},[47,148002,69],{"class":61},[47,148004,77],{"class":65},[47,148006,69],{"class":61},[47,148008,77],{"class":65},[47,148010,69],{"class":61},[47,148012,442],{"class":65},[47,148014,69],{"class":61},[47,148016,77],{"class":65},[47,148018,216],{"class":61},[47,148020,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148022,1442],{"class":53},[47,148024,58],{"class":57},[47,148026,1447],{"class":53},[47,148028,89],{"class":61},[47,148030,41525],{"class":92},[47,148032,106],{"class":61},[47,148034,2340],{"class":65},[47,148036,216],{"class":61},[47,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148040,103],{"class":102},[47,148042,106],{"class":61},[47,148044,1466],{"class":92},[47,148046,111],{"class":61},[47,148048,51040],{"class":114},[20,148050,118,148051,148054],{},[15,148052,148053],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[33,148056,128,148058,131],{"id":148057},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148059,147981],{},[20,148061,148062,136],{},[15,148063,148053],{},[138,148065,148066,148072,148075,148078],{},[141,148067,148068,148069,148071],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148070,2753],{}," appears in the tuple",[141,148073,148074],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[141,148076,148077],{},"Returns an integer",[141,148079,148080],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148082,148083,148084,148086,148087,3158,148091,89],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148085,57556],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[252,148088,148090],{"href":148089},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[252,148092,148094],{"href":148093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[33,148096,148098],{"id":148097},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,148100,148102],{"className":40,"code":148101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148103,148104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148105,148106,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148107,148108],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,148110,89],{"class":61},[47,148112,41525],{"class":92},[47,148114,106],{"class":61},[47,148116,2753],{"class":92},[47,148118,216],{"class":61},[138,148120,148121,148125,148128],{},[141,148122,148123,57721],{},[15,148124,2753],{},[141,148126,148127],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[141,148129,148130,148131],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148132,2403],{},[1404,148134,103209],{"id":103208},[38,148136,148138],{"className":40,"code":148137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148139,148140,148180,148204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148141,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148143,13339],{"class":53},[47,148145,58],{"class":57},[47,148147,9500],{"class":61},[47,148149,633],{"class":632},[47,148151,13356],{"class":636},[47,148153,633],{"class":632},[47,148155,69],{"class":61},[47,148157,644],{"class":632},[47,148159,13373],{"class":636},[47,148161,633],{"class":632},[47,148163,69],{"class":61},[47,148165,644],{"class":632},[47,148167,13356],{"class":636},[47,148169,633],{"class":632},[47,148171,69],{"class":61},[47,148173,644],{"class":632},[47,148175,17721],{"class":636},[47,148177,633],{"class":632},[47,148179,216],{"class":61},[47,148181,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148183,103],{"class":102},[47,148185,106],{"class":61},[47,148187,17768],{"class":92},[47,148189,89],{"class":61},[47,148191,41525],{"class":92},[47,148193,106],{"class":61},[47,148195,633],{"class":632},[47,148197,13356],{"class":636},[47,148199,633],{"class":632},[47,148201,5628],{"class":61},[47,148203,57911],{"class":114},[47,148205,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148207,103],{"class":102},[47,148209,106],{"class":61},[47,148211,17768],{"class":92},[47,148213,89],{"class":61},[47,148215,41525],{"class":92},[47,148217,106],{"class":61},[47,148219,633],{"class":632},[47,148221,22790],{"class":636},[47,148223,633],{"class":632},[47,148225,5628],{"class":61},[47,148227,51516],{"class":114},[20,148229,20222],{},[138,148231,148232,148237],{},[141,148233,148234,148236],{},[15,148235,65652],{}," appears 2 times",[141,148238,148239,148241,148242],{},[15,148240,109905],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148243,2403],{},[33,148245,11739],{"id":11738},[20,148247,148248],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,148250,148252],{"className":40,"code":148251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148253,148254,148302,148306,148328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148255,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148257,36504],{"class":53},[47,148259,58],{"class":57},[47,148261,9500],{"class":61},[47,148263,633],{"class":632},[47,148265,647],{"class":636},[47,148267,633],{"class":632},[47,148269,69],{"class":61},[47,148271,644],{"class":632},[47,148273,637],{"class":636},[47,148275,633],{"class":632},[47,148277,69],{"class":61},[47,148279,644],{"class":632},[47,148281,647],{"class":636},[47,148283,633],{"class":632},[47,148285,69],{"class":61},[47,148287,644],{"class":632},[47,148289,33488],{"class":636},[47,148291,633],{"class":632},[47,148293,69],{"class":61},[47,148295,644],{"class":632},[47,148297,647],{"class":636},[47,148299,633],{"class":632},[47,148301,216],{"class":61},[47,148303,148304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148305,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,148307,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148309,1442],{"class":53},[47,148311,58],{"class":57},[47,148313,53121],{"class":53},[47,148315,89],{"class":61},[47,148317,41525],{"class":92},[47,148319,106],{"class":61},[47,148321,633],{"class":632},[47,148323,647],{"class":636},[47,148325,633],{"class":632},[47,148327,216],{"class":61},[47,148329,148330,148332,148334,148336],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,148331,103],{"class":102},[47,148333,106],{"class":61},[47,148335,1466],{"class":92},[47,148337,216],{"class":61},[20,148339,219],{},[38,148341,148342],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,148343,148344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148345,148346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148347,46885],{"class":65},[20,148349,148350,148352,148353,2057,148355,89],{},[15,148351,58098],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148354,57556],{},[15,148356,66],{},[33,148358,38285],{"id":38284},[20,148360,57810,148361,128844],{},[15,148362,57556],{},[138,148364,148365,148370,148375,148378],{},[141,148366,149,148367,148369],{},[15,148368,2403],{}," when the value does not exist",[141,148371,149,148372,148374],{},[15,148373,232],{}," when the value appears once",[141,148376,148377],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[141,148379,148380,148381,148383],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148382,7262],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148385,318],{},[38,148387,148389],{"className":40,"code":148388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148390,148391,148432,148436,148463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148392,148393,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148394,148395],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148397,58],{"class":57},[47,148399,9500],{"class":61},[47,148401,633],{"class":632},[47,148403,8921],{"class":636},[47,148405,633],{"class":632},[47,148407,69],{"class":61},[47,148409,644],{"class":632},[47,148411,8862],{"class":636},[47,148413,633],{"class":632},[47,148415,69],{"class":61},[47,148417,644],{"class":632},[47,148419,8921],{"class":636},[47,148421,633],{"class":632},[47,148423,69],{"class":61},[47,148425,644],{"class":632},[47,148427,8921],{"class":636},[47,148429,633],{"class":632},[47,148431,216],{"class":61},[47,148433,148434],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148435,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,148437,148438,148440,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148439,7262],{"class":2027},[47,148441,148442],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148444,89],{"class":61},[47,148446,41525],{"class":92},[47,148448,106],{"class":61},[47,148450,633],{"class":632},[47,148452,8921],{"class":636},[47,148454,633],{"class":632},[47,148456,111],{"class":61},[47,148458,38660],{"class":57},[47,148460,72],{"class":65},[47,148462,6657],{"class":61},[47,148464,148465,148467,148469,148471,148474,148476],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,148466,8333],{"class":102},[47,148468,106],{"class":61},[47,148470,633],{"class":632},[47,148472,148473],{"class":636},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148475,633],{"class":632},[47,148477,216],{"class":61},[20,148479,219],{},[38,148481,148483],{"className":40,"code":148482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148486,148487,148490,148492,148494,148496,148499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148488,148489],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148491,699],{"class":632},[47,148493,8921],{"class":636},[47,148495,699],{"class":632},[47,148497,148498],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148500,122488],{"class":61},[33,148502,41311],{"id":41310},[20,148504,35671,148505,104672],{},[15,148506,147981],{},[138,148508,148509,148512,148515,148518],{},[141,148510,148511],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[141,148513,148514],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[141,148516,148517],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[141,148519,148520],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148522,318],{},[38,148524,148526],{"className":40,"code":148525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148527,148528,148556,148560,148582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148529,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148531,5329],{"class":53},[47,148533,58],{"class":57},[47,148535,9500],{"class":61},[47,148537,437],{"class":65},[47,148539,69],{"class":61},[47,148541,8054],{"class":65},[47,148543,69],{"class":61},[47,148545,503],{"class":65},[47,148547,69],{"class":61},[47,148549,8059],{"class":65},[47,148551,69],{"class":61},[47,148553,503],{"class":65},[47,148555,216],{"class":61},[47,148557,148558],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148559,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,148561,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148563,7262],{"class":2027},[47,148565,5376],{"class":53},[47,148567,89],{"class":61},[47,148569,41525],{"class":92},[47,148571,106],{"class":61},[47,148573,437],{"class":65},[47,148575,111],{"class":61},[47,148577,51557],{"class":57},[47,148579,77],{"class":65},[47,148581,6657],{"class":61},[47,148583,148584,148586,148588,148590,148593,148595],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,148585,8333],{"class":102},[47,148587,106],{"class":61},[47,148589,633],{"class":632},[47,148591,148592],{"class":636},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148594,633],{"class":632},[47,148596,216],{"class":61},[20,148598,219],{},[38,148600,148602],{"className":40,"code":148601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148603,148604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148605,148606,148609,148611,148613,148616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148607,148608],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148610,437],{"class":65},[47,148612,8361],{"class":57},[47,148614,148615],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148617,122488],{"class":61},[33,148619,148621],{"id":148620},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148623,148624],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[138,148626,148627,148633,148638,148641],{},[141,148628,148629,148630,148632],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148631,57556],{}," still works because it only reads data",[141,148634,148635,148637],{},[15,148636,57556],{}," counts exact matches",[141,148639,148640],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[141,148642,148643,1233,148645,148647],{},[15,148644,232],{},[15,148646,42424],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148649,318],{},[38,148651,148653],{"className":40,"code":148652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148654,148655,148689,148693,148713,148737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148656,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148670,148672,148674,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148658,4095],{"class":53},[47,148660,58],{"class":57},[47,148662,9500],{"class":61},[47,148664,232],{"class":65},[47,148666,69],{"class":61},[47,148668,148669],{"class":65}," 1.0",[47,148671,69],{"class":61},[47,148673,644],{"class":632},[47,148675,148676],{"class":636},"Cat",[47,148678,633],{"class":632},[47,148680,69],{"class":61},[47,148682,644],{"class":632},[47,148684,37311],{"class":636},[47,148686,633],{"class":632},[47,148688,216],{"class":61},[47,148690,148691],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148692,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,148694,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148696,103],{"class":102},[47,148698,106],{"class":61},[47,148700,5625],{"class":92},[47,148702,89],{"class":61},[47,148704,41525],{"class":92},[47,148706,106],{"class":61},[47,148708,232],{"class":65},[47,148710,5628],{"class":61},[47,148712,51363],{"class":114},[47,148714,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,148716,103],{"class":102},[47,148718,106],{"class":61},[47,148720,5625],{"class":92},[47,148722,89],{"class":61},[47,148724,41525],{"class":92},[47,148726,106],{"class":61},[47,148728,633],{"class":632},[47,148730,148676],{"class":636},[47,148732,633],{"class":632},[47,148734,5628],{"class":61},[47,148736,28044],{"class":114},[47,148738,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,148740,103],{"class":102},[47,148742,106],{"class":61},[47,148744,5625],{"class":92},[47,148746,89],{"class":61},[47,148748,41525],{"class":92},[47,148750,106],{"class":61},[47,148752,633],{"class":632},[47,148754,37311],{"class":636},[47,148756,633],{"class":632},[47,148758,5628],{"class":61},[47,148760,28044],{"class":114},[20,148762,5424,148763,5427,148766,2099],{},[15,148764,148765],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148767,2340],{},[20,148769,9049,148770,5049,148773,148775],{},[15,148771,148772],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148774,367],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[33,148777,1397],{"id":1396},[1404,148779,8681,148781,148783],{"id":148780},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148782,41525],{}," without parentheses",[20,148785,148786],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,148788,148790],{"className":40,"code":148789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148791,148792,148816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148793,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148795,54],{"class":53},[47,148797,58],{"class":57},[47,148799,9500],{"class":61},[47,148801,232],{"class":65},[47,148803,69],{"class":61},[47,148805,77],{"class":65},[47,148807,69],{"class":61},[47,148809,77],{"class":65},[47,148811,69],{"class":61},[47,148813,442],{"class":65},[47,148815,216],{"class":61},[47,148817,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148819,103],{"class":102},[47,148821,106],{"class":61},[47,148823,86],{"class":92},[47,148825,89],{"class":61},[47,148827,41525],{"class":888},[47,148829,216],{"class":61},[20,148831,148832],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,148834,148836],{"className":40,"code":148835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148837,148838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148841,103],{"class":102},[47,148843,106],{"class":61},[47,148845,86],{"class":92},[47,148847,89],{"class":61},[47,148849,41525],{"class":92},[47,148851,106],{"class":61},[47,148853,2340],{"class":65},[47,148855,1978],{"class":61},[1404,148857,8717,148858,8720,148860,3158,148862],{"id":58858},[15,148859,57556],{},[15,148861,367],{},[15,148863,294],{},[20,148865,148866,58869],{},[15,148867,57556],{},[38,148869,148871],{"className":40,"code":148870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148872,148873,148905,148927,148931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148874,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148876,1639],{"class":53},[47,148878,58],{"class":57},[47,148880,9500],{"class":61},[47,148882,633],{"class":632},[47,148884,252],{"class":636},[47,148886,633],{"class":632},[47,148888,69],{"class":61},[47,148890,644],{"class":632},[47,148892,5026],{"class":636},[47,148894,633],{"class":632},[47,148896,69],{"class":61},[47,148898,644],{"class":632},[47,148900,252],{"class":636},[47,148902,633],{"class":632},[47,148904,216],{"class":61},[47,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,148908,1442],{"class":53},[47,148910,58],{"class":57},[47,148912,70355],{"class":53},[47,148914,89],{"class":61},[47,148916,41525],{"class":92},[47,148918,106],{"class":61},[47,148920,633],{"class":632},[47,148922,252],{"class":636},[47,148924,633],{"class":632},[47,148926,216],{"class":61},[47,148928,148929],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,148930,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,148932,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,148934,103],{"class":102},[47,148936,106],{"class":61},[47,148938,1466],{"class":92},[47,148940,111],{"class":61},[47,148942,51684],{"class":114},[20,148944,148945,148946,148948],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148947,2034],{}," is often simpler:",[38,148950,148952],{"className":40,"code":148951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148953,148954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148955,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148957,103],{"class":102},[47,148959,106],{"class":61},[47,148961,633],{"class":632},[47,148963,252],{"class":636},[47,148965,633],{"class":632},[47,148967,21439],{"class":2027},[47,148969,70355],{"class":92},[47,148971,111],{"class":61},[47,148973,3937],{"class":114},[1404,148975,37468,148977,8968,148979],{"id":148976},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148978,147981],{},[15,148980,57561],{},[20,148982,148983],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148985,148986],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1404,148988,148990],{"id":148989},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148992,148993,148995],{},[15,148994,57556],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,148997,148999],{"className":40,"code":148998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149000,149001,149034,149060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149002,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149004,625],{"class":53},[47,149006,58],{"class":57},[47,149008,9500],{"class":61},[47,149010,633],{"class":632},[47,149012,647],{"class":636},[47,149014,633],{"class":632},[47,149016,69],{"class":61},[47,149018,644],{"class":632},[47,149020,149021],{"class":636},"pineapple",[47,149023,633],{"class":632},[47,149025,69],{"class":61},[47,149027,644],{"class":632},[47,149029,647],{"class":636},[47,149031,633],{"class":632},[47,149033,216],{"class":61},[47,149035,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149053,149055,149057],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149037,103],{"class":102},[47,149039,106],{"class":61},[47,149041,665],{"class":92},[47,149043,89],{"class":61},[47,149045,41525],{"class":92},[47,149047,106],{"class":61},[47,149049,633],{"class":632},[47,149051,149052],{"class":636},"app",[47,149054,633],{"class":632},[47,149056,5628],{"class":61},[47,149058,149059],{"class":114},"    # 0\n",[47,149061,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149063,103],{"class":102},[47,149065,106],{"class":61},[47,149067,665],{"class":92},[47,149069,89],{"class":61},[47,149071,41525],{"class":92},[47,149073,106],{"class":61},[47,149075,633],{"class":632},[47,149077,647],{"class":636},[47,149079,633],{"class":632},[47,149081,5628],{"class":61},[47,149083,51684],{"class":114},[20,149085,149086,149089,149090,89],{},[15,149087,149088],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149091,2403],{},[33,149093,149095],{"id":149094},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149097,149098],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[138,149100,149101,149106,149115,149121],{},[141,149102,118,149103,149105],{},[15,149104,2034],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[141,149107,118,149108,149114],{},[252,149109,149111,149112],{"href":149110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149113,59233],{}," to find the position of a value",[141,149116,118,149117,149120],{},[15,149118,149119],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[141,149122,149123],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149125,46308,149126,136],{},[15,149127,2034],{},[38,149129,149131],{"className":40,"code":149130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149132,149133,149153,149157,149173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149136,54],{"class":53},[47,149138,58],{"class":57},[47,149140,9500],{"class":61},[47,149142,334],{"class":65},[47,149144,69],{"class":61},[47,149146,343],{"class":65},[47,149148,69],{"class":61},[47,149150,182],{"class":65},[47,149152,216],{"class":61},[47,149154,149155],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149156,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,149158,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149160,103],{"class":102},[47,149162,106],{"class":61},[47,149164,397],{"class":65},[47,149166,21439],{"class":2027},[47,149168,1447],{"class":92},[47,149170,111],{"class":61},[47,149172,44122],{"class":114},[47,149174,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,149176,103],{"class":102},[47,149178,106],{"class":61},[47,149180,173],{"class":65},[47,149182,21439],{"class":2027},[47,149184,1447],{"class":92},[47,149186,111],{"class":61},[47,149188,44139],{"class":114},[20,149190,46308,149191,136],{},[15,149192,59233],{},[38,149194,149196],{"className":40,"code":149195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149197,149198,149222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149199,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149201,54],{"class":53},[47,149203,58],{"class":57},[47,149205,9500],{"class":61},[47,149207,334],{"class":65},[47,149209,69],{"class":61},[47,149211,343],{"class":65},[47,149213,69],{"class":61},[47,149215,182],{"class":65},[47,149217,69],{"class":61},[47,149219,343],{"class":65},[47,149221,216],{"class":61},[47,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149225,103],{"class":102},[47,149227,106],{"class":61},[47,149229,86],{"class":92},[47,149231,89],{"class":61},[47,149233,36112],{"class":92},[47,149235,106],{"class":61},[47,149237,397],{"class":65},[47,149239,5628],{"class":61},[47,149241,28044],{"class":114},[20,149243,149244,149246,149247,149249,149251],{},[15,149245,57556],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10111,149248],{},[15,149250,59233],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[33,149253,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,149255,5408,149257,5411],{"id":149256},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149258,147981],{},[20,149260,149261],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1404,149263,2082,149265,149267],{"id":149264},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149266,147981],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149269,149270],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1404,149272,149274],{"id":149273},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149276,12174,149277,89],{},[15,149278,2403],{},[1404,149280,5436,149282,149284],{"id":149281},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149283,147981],{}," count strings?",[20,149286,149287],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1404,149289,2094,149291,1233,149293,2099],{"id":149290},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149292,147981],{},[15,149294,149295],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149297,149298,149300,149301,149303],{},[15,149299,57556],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149302,59233],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[33,149305,2187],{"id":2186},[138,149307,149308,149312,149317,149324,149332],{},[141,149309,149310],{},[252,149311,148090],{"href":148089},[141,149313,149314],{},[252,149315,149316],{"href":148093},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[141,149318,149319],{},[252,149320,149321,149322,11006],{"href":149110},"Python tuple ",[15,149323,59233],{},[141,149325,149326],{},[252,149327,149329,149330],{"href":149328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149331,42627],{},[141,149333,149334],{},[252,149335,59221],{"href":59220},[2210,149337,149338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":149340},[149341,149343,149346,149347,149348,149349,149350,149358,149359,149370],{"id":148057,"depth":83,"text":149342},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148097,"depth":83,"text":148098,"children":149344},[149345],{"id":103208,"depth":99,"text":103209},{"id":11738,"depth":83,"text":11739},{"id":38284,"depth":83,"text":38285},{"id":41310,"depth":83,"text":41311},{"id":148620,"depth":83,"text":148621},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":149351},[149352,149354,149355,149357],{"id":148780,"depth":99,"text":149353},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58858,"depth":99,"text":59274},{"id":148976,"depth":99,"text":149356},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148989,"depth":99,"text":148990},{"id":149094,"depth":83,"text":149095},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":149360},[149361,149363,149365,149366,149368],{"id":149256,"depth":99,"text":149362},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149264,"depth":99,"text":149364},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149273,"depth":99,"text":149274},{"id":149281,"depth":99,"text":149367},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149290,"depth":99,"text":149369},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147968,"description":149371},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149378,"title":149379,"body":149380,"description":151067,"extension":2248,"meta":151068,"navigation":203,"path":151069,"seo":151070,"stem":151071,"__hash__":151072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149381,"toc":151030},[149382,149385,149388,149397,149399,149529,149531,149592,149598,149600,149620,149624,149627,149630,149665,149667,149688,149691,149730,149732,149757,149764,149768,149771,149808,149810,149833,149836,149839,149851,149857,149861,149864,149870,149911,149913,149936,149939,149980,149982,150009,150011,150028,150030,150047,150050,150054,150057,150059,150093,150095,150142,150146,150185,150189,150192,150249,150251,150292,150298,150304,150309,150311,150348,150350,150370,150372,150405,150407,150440,150443,150447,150480,150482,150507,150510,150512,150526,150533,150535,150538,150542,150545,150580,150583,150618,150622,150625,150664,150667,150706,150710,150712,150742,150745,150752,150754,150786,150789,150821,150824,150855,150857,150874,150878,150881,150945,150947,150951,150958,150962,150965,150969,150972,150976,150979,150984,150990,150992,151027],[10,149383,149379],{"id":149384},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149386,149387],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149389,149390,149391,3158,149395,89],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[252,149392,149394],{"href":149393},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[252,149396,148090],{"href":148089},[33,149398,36],{"id":35},[38,149400,149402],{"className":40,"code":149401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149403,149404,149424,149433,149447,149483,149487,149497,149507,149518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149405,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149407,54],{"class":53},[47,149409,58],{"class":57},[47,149411,9500],{"class":61},[47,149413,232],{"class":65},[47,149415,69],{"class":61},[47,149417,77],{"class":65},[47,149419,69],{"class":61},[47,149421,442],{"class":65},[47,149423,216],{"class":61},[47,149425,149426,149428,149430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149427,124954],{"class":53},[47,149429,58],{"class":57},[47,149431,149432],{"class":61}," ()\n",[47,149434,149435,149438,149440,149442,149444],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149436,149437],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,149439,58],{"class":57},[47,149441,9500],{"class":61},[47,149443,173],{"class":65},[47,149445,149446],{"class":61},",)\n",[47,149448,149449,149452,149454,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,149450,149451],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,149453,58],{"class":57},[47,149455,149456],{"class":882}," tuple",[47,149458,2015],{"class":61},[47,149460,633],{"class":632},[47,149462,252],{"class":636},[47,149464,633],{"class":632},[47,149466,69],{"class":61},[47,149468,644],{"class":632},[47,149470,5026],{"class":636},[47,149472,633],{"class":632},[47,149474,69],{"class":61},[47,149476,644],{"class":632},[47,149478,10004],{"class":636},[47,149480,633],{"class":632},[47,149482,2040],{"class":61},[47,149484,149485],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,149486,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,149488,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,149490,103],{"class":102},[47,149492,106],{"class":61},[47,149494,86],{"class":92},[47,149496,216],{"class":61},[47,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,149500,103],{"class":102},[47,149502,106],{"class":61},[47,149504,125005],{"class":92},[47,149506,216],{"class":61},[47,149508,149509,149511,149513,149516],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,149510,103],{"class":102},[47,149512,106],{"class":61},[47,149514,149515],{"class":92},"one_item",[47,149517,216],{"class":61},[47,149519,149520,149522,149524,149527],{"class":49,"line":6696},[47,149521,103],{"class":102},[47,149523,106],{"class":61},[47,149525,149526],{"class":92},"from_list",[47,149528,216],{"class":61},[20,149530,219],{},[38,149532,149534],{"className":40,"code":149533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149535,149536,149552,149556,149564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149539,106],{"class":61},[47,149541,232],{"class":65},[47,149543,69],{"class":61},[47,149545,77],{"class":65},[47,149547,69],{"class":61},[47,149549,442],{"class":65},[47,149551,216],{"class":61},[47,149553,149554],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149555,96],{"class":61},[47,149557,149558,149560,149562],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149559,106],{"class":61},[47,149561,173],{"class":65},[47,149563,149446],{"class":61},[47,149565,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,149567,106],{"class":61},[47,149569,699],{"class":632},[47,149571,252],{"class":636},[47,149573,699],{"class":632},[47,149575,69],{"class":61},[47,149577,708],{"class":632},[47,149579,5026],{"class":636},[47,149581,699],{"class":632},[47,149583,69],{"class":61},[47,149585,708],{"class":632},[47,149587,10004],{"class":636},[47,149589,699],{"class":632},[47,149591,216],{"class":61},[20,149593,149594,149595,89],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149596,149597],{},"(5,)",[33,149599,15427],{"id":15426},[138,149601,149602,149605,149608,149611,149614,149617],{},[141,149603,149604],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[141,149606,149607],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[141,149609,149610],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[141,149612,149613],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[141,149615,149616],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[141,149618,149619],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[33,149621,149623],{"id":149622},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149625,149626],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149628,149629],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,149631,149633],{"className":40,"code":149632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149634,149635,149655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149638,54],{"class":53},[47,149640,58],{"class":57},[47,149642,9500],{"class":61},[47,149644,232],{"class":65},[47,149646,69],{"class":61},[47,149648,77],{"class":65},[47,149650,69],{"class":61},[47,149652,442],{"class":65},[47,149654,216],{"class":61},[47,149656,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149658,103],{"class":102},[47,149660,106],{"class":61},[47,149662,86],{"class":92},[47,149664,216],{"class":61},[20,149666,219],{},[38,149668,149670],{"className":40,"code":149669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149671,149672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149675,106],{"class":61},[47,149677,232],{"class":65},[47,149679,69],{"class":61},[47,149681,77],{"class":65},[47,149683,69],{"class":61},[47,149685,442],{"class":65},[47,149687,216],{"class":61},[20,149689,149690],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,149692,149694],{"className":40,"code":149693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149695,149696,149720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149697,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149699,9430],{"class":53},[47,149701,58],{"class":57},[47,149703,9500],{"class":61},[47,149705,232],{"class":65},[47,149707,69],{"class":61},[47,149709,644],{"class":632},[47,149711,647],{"class":636},[47,149713,633],{"class":632},[47,149715,69],{"class":61},[47,149717,4185],{"class":284},[47,149719,216],{"class":61},[47,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149723,103],{"class":102},[47,149725,106],{"class":61},[47,149727,9468],{"class":92},[47,149729,216],{"class":61},[20,149731,219],{},[38,149733,149735],{"className":40,"code":149734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149736,149737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149740,106],{"class":61},[47,149742,232],{"class":65},[47,149744,69],{"class":61},[47,149746,708],{"class":632},[47,149748,647],{"class":636},[47,149750,699],{"class":632},[47,149752,69],{"class":61},[47,149754,4185],{"class":284},[47,149756,216],{"class":61},[20,149758,149759,149760,89],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[252,149761,149763],{"href":149762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[33,149765,149767],{"id":149766},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149769,149770],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,149772,149774],{"className":40,"code":149773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149775,149776,149784,149794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149777,149778,149780,149782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149779,124954],{"class":53},[47,149781,58],{"class":57},[47,149783,149432],{"class":61},[47,149785,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149787,103],{"class":102},[47,149789,106],{"class":61},[47,149791,125005],{"class":92},[47,149793,216],{"class":61},[47,149795,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149797,103],{"class":102},[47,149799,106],{"class":61},[47,149801,1971],{"class":882},[47,149803,106],{"class":61},[47,149805,125005],{"class":92},[47,149807,1978],{"class":61},[20,149809,219],{},[38,149811,149813],{"className":40,"code":149812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149814,149815,149819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149816,149817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149818,96],{"class":61},[47,149820,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149822,3568],{"class":57},[47,149824,3571],{"class":2348},[47,149826,708],{"class":632},[47,149828,49222],{"class":636},[47,149830,699],{"class":632},[47,149832,3580],{"class":57},[20,149834,149835],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149837,149838],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[138,149840,149841,149846],{},[141,149842,149843,149844],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149845,7629],{},[141,149847,149848,149849],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149850,4059],{},[20,149852,149853,149854,89],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[252,149855,149856],{"href":57419},"Python list: creating a list",[33,149858,149860],{"id":149859},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149862,149863],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149865,149866,149867,149869],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[4015,149868,4896],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,149871,149873],{"className":40,"code":149872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149874,149875,149887,149897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149878,2728],{"class":53},[47,149880,58],{"class":57},[47,149882,9500],{"class":61},[47,149884,173],{"class":65},[47,149886,216],{"class":61},[47,149888,149889,149891,149893,149895],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149890,103],{"class":102},[47,149892,106],{"class":61},[47,149894,2753],{"class":92},[47,149896,216],{"class":61},[47,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149900,103],{"class":102},[47,149902,106],{"class":61},[47,149904,1971],{"class":882},[47,149906,106],{"class":61},[47,149908,2753],{"class":92},[47,149910,1978],{"class":61},[20,149912,219],{},[38,149914,149916],{"className":40,"code":149915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149917,149918,149922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149919,149920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149921,3227],{"class":65},[47,149923,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149925,3568],{"class":57},[47,149927,3571],{"class":2348},[47,149929,708],{"class":632},[47,149931,2471],{"class":636},[47,149933,699],{"class":632},[47,149935,3580],{"class":57},[20,149937,149938],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,149940,149942],{"className":40,"code":149941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149943,149944,149956,149966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149945,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149947,149437],{"class":53},[47,149949,58],{"class":57},[47,149951,9500],{"class":61},[47,149953,173],{"class":65},[47,149955,149446],{"class":61},[47,149957,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149959,103],{"class":102},[47,149961,106],{"class":61},[47,149963,149515],{"class":92},[47,149965,216],{"class":61},[47,149967,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,149969,103],{"class":102},[47,149971,106],{"class":61},[47,149973,1971],{"class":882},[47,149975,106],{"class":61},[47,149977,149515],{"class":92},[47,149979,1978],{"class":61},[20,149981,219],{},[38,149983,149985],{"className":40,"code":149984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149986,149987,149995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149988,149989,149991,149993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149990,106],{"class":61},[47,149992,173],{"class":65},[47,149994,149446],{"class":61},[47,149996,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,149998,3568],{"class":57},[47,150000,3571],{"class":2348},[47,150002,708],{"class":632},[47,150004,49222],{"class":636},[47,150006,699],{"class":632},[47,150008,3580],{"class":57},[20,150010,16920],{},[38,150012,150014],{"className":40,"code":150013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150015,150016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150019,106],{"class":61},[47,150021,633],{"class":632},[47,150023,647],{"class":636},[47,150025,633],{"class":632},[47,150027,149446],{"class":61},[20,150029,1590],{},[38,150031,150033],{"className":40,"code":150032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150034,150035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150036,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150038,106],{"class":61},[47,150040,633],{"class":632},[47,150042,647],{"class":636},[47,150044,633],{"class":632},[47,150046,216],{"class":61},[20,150048,150049],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[33,150051,150053],{"id":150052},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150055,150056],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1404,150058,56727],{"id":86},[38,150060,150061],{"className":40,"code":149632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150062,150063,150083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150066,54],{"class":53},[47,150068,58],{"class":57},[47,150070,9500],{"class":61},[47,150072,232],{"class":65},[47,150074,69],{"class":61},[47,150076,77],{"class":65},[47,150078,69],{"class":61},[47,150080,442],{"class":65},[47,150082,216],{"class":61},[47,150084,150085,150087,150089,150091],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150086,103],{"class":102},[47,150088,106],{"class":61},[47,150090,86],{"class":92},[47,150092,216],{"class":61},[1404,150094,56730],{"id":5575},[38,150096,150098],{"className":40,"code":150097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150099,150100,150132],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150101,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150103,13339],{"class":53},[47,150105,58],{"class":57},[47,150107,9500],{"class":61},[47,150109,633],{"class":632},[47,150111,13356],{"class":636},[47,150113,633],{"class":632},[47,150115,69],{"class":61},[47,150117,644],{"class":632},[47,150119,17721],{"class":636},[47,150121,633],{"class":632},[47,150123,69],{"class":61},[47,150125,644],{"class":632},[47,150127,13373],{"class":636},[47,150129,633],{"class":632},[47,150131,216],{"class":61},[47,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150135,103],{"class":102},[47,150137,106],{"class":61},[47,150139,17768],{"class":92},[47,150141,216],{"class":61},[1404,150143,150145],{"id":150144},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,150147,150149],{"className":40,"code":150148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150150,150151,150175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150152,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150154,59738],{"class":53},[47,150156,58],{"class":57},[47,150158,9500],{"class":61},[47,150160,232],{"class":65},[47,150162,69],{"class":61},[47,150164,644],{"class":632},[47,150166,647],{"class":636},[47,150168,633],{"class":632},[47,150170,69],{"class":61},[47,150172,4185],{"class":284},[47,150174,216],{"class":61},[47,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150178,103],{"class":102},[47,150180,106],{"class":61},[47,150182,59791],{"class":92},[47,150184,216],{"class":61},[1404,150186,150188],{"id":150187},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150190,150191],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,150193,150195],{"className":40,"code":150194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150196,150197,150238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150198,150199,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150200,150201],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,150203,58],{"class":57},[47,150205,9500],{"class":61},[47,150207,232],{"class":65},[47,150209,69],{"class":61},[47,150211,9500],{"class":61},[47,150213,633],{"class":632},[47,150215,252],{"class":636},[47,150217,633],{"class":632},[47,150219,69],{"class":61},[47,150221,644],{"class":632},[47,150223,5026],{"class":636},[47,150225,633],{"class":632},[47,150227,9497],{"class":61},[47,150229,62],{"class":61},[47,150231,437],{"class":65},[47,150233,69],{"class":61},[47,150235,8054],{"class":65},[47,150237,2040],{"class":61},[47,150239,150240,150242,150244,150247],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150241,103],{"class":102},[47,150243,106],{"class":61},[47,150245,150246],{"class":92},"nested",[47,150248,216],{"class":61},[20,150250,219],{},[38,150252,150254],{"className":40,"code":150253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150255,150256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150259,106],{"class":61},[47,150261,232],{"class":65},[47,150263,69],{"class":61},[47,150265,9500],{"class":61},[47,150267,699],{"class":632},[47,150269,252],{"class":636},[47,150271,699],{"class":632},[47,150273,69],{"class":61},[47,150275,708],{"class":632},[47,150277,5026],{"class":636},[47,150279,699],{"class":632},[47,150281,9497],{"class":61},[47,150283,62],{"class":61},[47,150285,437],{"class":65},[47,150287,69],{"class":61},[47,150289,8054],{"class":65},[47,150291,2040],{"class":61},[33,150293,150295,150296],{"id":150294},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150297,38311],{},[20,150299,150300,150301,150303],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150302,38311],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150305,150306,150307,89],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[252,150308,63479],{"href":63478},[1404,150310,105349],{"id":105348},[38,150312,150314],{"className":40,"code":150313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150315,150316,150338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150319,54],{"class":53},[47,150321,58],{"class":57},[47,150323,149456],{"class":882},[47,150325,2015],{"class":61},[47,150327,232],{"class":65},[47,150329,69],{"class":61},[47,150331,77],{"class":65},[47,150333,69],{"class":61},[47,150335,442],{"class":65},[47,150337,2040],{"class":61},[47,150339,150340,150342,150344,150346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150341,103],{"class":102},[47,150343,106],{"class":61},[47,150345,86],{"class":92},[47,150347,216],{"class":61},[20,150349,219],{},[38,150351,150352],{"className":40,"code":149669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150353,150354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150355,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150357,106],{"class":61},[47,150359,232],{"class":65},[47,150361,69],{"class":61},[47,150363,77],{"class":65},[47,150365,69],{"class":61},[47,150367,442],{"class":65},[47,150369,216],{"class":61},[1404,150371,105535],{"id":105534},[38,150373,150375],{"className":40,"code":150374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150376,150377,150395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150380,1639],{"class":53},[47,150382,58],{"class":57},[47,150384,149456],{"class":882},[47,150386,106],{"class":61},[47,150388,633],{"class":632},[47,150390,41826],{"class":636},[47,150392,633],{"class":632},[47,150394,216],{"class":61},[47,150396,150397,150399,150401,150403],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150398,103],{"class":102},[47,150400,106],{"class":61},[47,150402,1659],{"class":92},[47,150404,216],{"class":61},[20,150406,219],{},[38,150408,150410],{"className":40,"code":150409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150411,150412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150415,106],{"class":61},[47,150417,699],{"class":632},[47,150419,252],{"class":636},[47,150421,699],{"class":632},[47,150423,69],{"class":61},[47,150425,708],{"class":632},[47,150427,5026],{"class":636},[47,150429,699],{"class":632},[47,150431,69],{"class":61},[47,150433,708],{"class":632},[47,150435,10004],{"class":636},[47,150437,699],{"class":632},[47,150439,216],{"class":61},[20,150441,150442],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1404,150444,150446],{"id":150445},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,150448,150450],{"className":40,"code":150449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150451,150452,150470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150455,4095],{"class":53},[47,150457,58],{"class":57},[47,150459,149456],{"class":882},[47,150461,106],{"class":61},[47,150463,60264],{"class":102},[47,150465,106],{"class":61},[47,150467,334],{"class":65},[47,150469,1978],{"class":61},[47,150471,150472,150474,150476,150478],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150473,103],{"class":102},[47,150475,106],{"class":61},[47,150477,5625],{"class":92},[47,150479,216],{"class":61},[20,150481,219],{},[38,150483,150485],{"className":40,"code":150484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150486,150487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150490,106],{"class":61},[47,150492,2403],{"class":65},[47,150494,69],{"class":61},[47,150496,72],{"class":65},[47,150498,69],{"class":61},[47,150500,77],{"class":65},[47,150502,69],{"class":61},[47,150504,442],{"class":65},[47,150506,216],{"class":61},[20,150508,150509],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[33,150511,21066],{"id":21065},[138,150513,150514,150517,150520,150523],{},[141,150515,150516],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[141,150518,150519],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[141,150521,150522],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[141,150524,150525],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150527,150528,150529,89],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[252,150530,150532],{"href":150531},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[33,150534,1397],{"id":1396},[20,150536,150537],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1404,150539,150541],{"id":150540},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150543,150544],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,150546,150548],{"className":40,"code":150547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150549,150550,150566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150551,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150553,28803],{"class":53},[47,150555,58],{"class":57},[47,150557,9500],{"class":61},[47,150559,633],{"class":632},[47,150561,647],{"class":636},[47,150563,633],{"class":632},[47,150565,216],{"class":61},[47,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150569,103],{"class":102},[47,150571,106],{"class":61},[47,150573,1971],{"class":882},[47,150575,106],{"class":61},[47,150577,2022],{"class":92},[47,150579,1978],{"class":61},[20,150581,150582],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,150584,150586],{"className":40,"code":150585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150587,150588,150604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150589,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150591,28803],{"class":53},[47,150593,58],{"class":57},[47,150595,9500],{"class":61},[47,150597,633],{"class":632},[47,150599,647],{"class":636},[47,150601,633],{"class":632},[47,150603,149446],{"class":61},[47,150605,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150607,103],{"class":102},[47,150609,106],{"class":61},[47,150611,1971],{"class":882},[47,150613,106],{"class":61},[47,150615,2022],{"class":92},[47,150617,1978],{"class":61},[1404,150619,150621],{"id":150620},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150623,150624],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,150626,150628],{"className":40,"code":150627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150629,150630,150650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150631,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150633,4095],{"class":53},[47,150635,58],{"class":57},[47,150637,62],{"class":61},[47,150639,232],{"class":65},[47,150641,69],{"class":61},[47,150643,77],{"class":65},[47,150645,69],{"class":61},[47,150647,442],{"class":65},[47,150649,80],{"class":61},[47,150651,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150653,103],{"class":102},[47,150655,106],{"class":61},[47,150657,1971],{"class":882},[47,150659,106],{"class":61},[47,150661,5625],{"class":92},[47,150663,1978],{"class":61},[20,150665,150666],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,150668,150670],{"className":40,"code":150669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150671,150672,150692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150673,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150675,4095],{"class":53},[47,150677,58],{"class":57},[47,150679,9500],{"class":61},[47,150681,232],{"class":65},[47,150683,69],{"class":61},[47,150685,77],{"class":65},[47,150687,69],{"class":61},[47,150689,442],{"class":65},[47,150691,216],{"class":61},[47,150693,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150695,103],{"class":102},[47,150697,106],{"class":61},[47,150699,1971],{"class":882},[47,150701,106],{"class":61},[47,150703,5625],{"class":92},[47,150705,1978],{"class":61},[1404,150707,150709],{"id":150708},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150711,150522],{},[38,150713,150715],{"className":40,"code":150714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150716,150717,150737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150718,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150720,54],{"class":53},[47,150722,58],{"class":57},[47,150724,9500],{"class":61},[47,150726,232],{"class":65},[47,150728,69],{"class":61},[47,150730,77],{"class":65},[47,150732,69],{"class":61},[47,150734,442],{"class":65},[47,150736,216],{"class":61},[47,150738,150739],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150740,150741],{"class":114},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150743,150744],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1404,150746,37468,150748,150751],{"id":150747},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150749,150750],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150753,64903],{},[38,150755,150756],{"className":40,"code":150374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150757,150758,150776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150759,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150761,1639],{"class":53},[47,150763,58],{"class":57},[47,150765,149456],{"class":882},[47,150767,106],{"class":61},[47,150769,633],{"class":632},[47,150771,41826],{"class":636},[47,150773,633],{"class":632},[47,150775,216],{"class":61},[47,150777,150778,150780,150782,150784],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150779,103],{"class":102},[47,150781,106],{"class":61},[47,150783,1659],{"class":92},[47,150785,216],{"class":61},[20,150787,150788],{},"gives:",[38,150790,150791],{"className":40,"code":150409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150792,150793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150794,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150796,106],{"class":61},[47,150798,699],{"class":632},[47,150800,252],{"class":636},[47,150802,699],{"class":632},[47,150804,69],{"class":61},[47,150806,708],{"class":632},[47,150808,5026],{"class":636},[47,150810,699],{"class":632},[47,150812,69],{"class":61},[47,150814,708],{"class":632},[47,150816,10004],{"class":636},[47,150818,699],{"class":632},[47,150820,216],{"class":61},[20,150822,150823],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,150825,150827],{"className":40,"code":150826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150828,150829,150845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150830,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150832,6418],{"class":53},[47,150834,58],{"class":57},[47,150836,9500],{"class":61},[47,150838,633],{"class":632},[47,150840,41826],{"class":636},[47,150842,633],{"class":632},[47,150844,149446],{"class":61},[47,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150848,103],{"class":102},[47,150850,106],{"class":61},[47,150852,38655],{"class":92},[47,150854,216],{"class":61},[20,150856,219],{},[38,150858,150860],{"className":40,"code":150859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,150861,150862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150863,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150865,106],{"class":61},[47,150867,699],{"class":632},[47,150869,41826],{"class":636},[47,150871,699],{"class":632},[47,150873,149446],{"class":61},[1404,150875,150877],{"id":150876},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150879,150880],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,150882,150884],{"className":40,"code":150883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150885,150886,150903,150907,150917,150931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150887,150888,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150889,150890],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,150892,58],{"class":57},[47,150894,9500],{"class":61},[47,150896,633],{"class":632},[47,150898,647],{"class":636},[47,150900,633],{"class":632},[47,150902,149446],{"class":61},[47,150904,150905],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,150906,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,150908,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,150910,103],{"class":102},[47,150912,106],{"class":61},[47,150914,148108],{"class":92},[47,150916,216],{"class":61},[47,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,150920,103],{"class":102},[47,150922,106],{"class":61},[47,150924,1971],{"class":882},[47,150926,106],{"class":61},[47,150928,148108],{"class":92},[47,150930,1978],{"class":61},[47,150932,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,150934,103],{"class":102},[47,150936,106],{"class":61},[47,150938,969],{"class":102},[47,150940,106],{"class":61},[47,150942,148108],{"class":92},[47,150944,1978],{"class":61},[33,150946,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,150948,150950],{"id":150949},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150952,150953,150954,150957],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150955,150956],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1404,150959,150961],{"id":150960},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150963,150964],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1404,150966,150968],{"id":150967},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150970,150971],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1404,150973,150975],{"id":150974},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150977,150978],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1404,150980,5408,150982,12978],{"id":150981},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150983,150750],{},[20,150985,5414,150986,150989],{},[15,150987,150988],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[33,150991,2187],{"id":2186},[138,150993,150994,150998,151002,151008,151013,151018,151022],{},[141,150995,150996],{},[252,150997,148090],{"href":148089},[141,150999,151000],{},[252,151001,149763],{"href":149762},[141,151003,151004],{},[252,151005,151007],{"href":151006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[141,151009,151010],{},[252,151011,151012],{"href":149328},"Python tuple length with len()",[141,151014,151015],{},[252,151016,151017],{"href":149393},"What is a tuple in Python?",[141,151019,151020],{},[252,151021,63479],{"href":63478},[141,151023,151024],{},[252,151025,151026],{"href":150531},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2210,151028,151029],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":151031},[151032,151033,151034,151035,151036,151037,151043,151049,151050,151058,151066],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":149622,"depth":83,"text":149623},{"id":149766,"depth":83,"text":149767},{"id":149859,"depth":83,"text":149860},{"id":150052,"depth":83,"text":150053,"children":151038},[151039,151040,151041,151042],{"id":86,"depth":99,"text":56727},{"id":5575,"depth":99,"text":56730},{"id":150144,"depth":99,"text":150145},{"id":150187,"depth":99,"text":150188},{"id":150294,"depth":83,"text":151044,"children":151045},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151046,151047,151048],{"id":105348,"depth":99,"text":105349},{"id":105534,"depth":99,"text":105535},{"id":150445,"depth":99,"text":150446},{"id":21065,"depth":83,"text":21066},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":151051},[151052,151053,151054,151055,151057],{"id":150540,"depth":99,"text":150541},{"id":150620,"depth":99,"text":150621},{"id":150708,"depth":99,"text":150709},{"id":150747,"depth":99,"text":151056},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150876,"depth":99,"text":150877},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":151059},[151060,151061,151062,151063,151064],{"id":150949,"depth":99,"text":150950},{"id":150960,"depth":99,"text":150961},{"id":150967,"depth":99,"text":150968},{"id":150974,"depth":99,"text":150975},{"id":150981,"depth":99,"text":151065},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149379,"description":151067},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151074,"title":151075,"body":151076,"description":152621,"extension":2248,"meta":152622,"navigation":203,"path":152623,"seo":152624,"stem":152625,"__hash__":152626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151077,"toc":152591},[151078,151081,151086,151088,151101,151107,151109,151176,151178,151213,151218,151222,151226,151228,151239,151247,151249,151251,151272,151274,151294,151297,151299,151304,151347,151349,151371,151374,151387,151391,151395,151398,151451,151453,151474,151479,151483,151486,151531,151533,151566,151578,151582,151590,151627,151629,151658,151662,151665,151718,151720,151740,151747,151751,151756,151825,151827,151852,151856,151859,151865,151942,151944,152003,152005,152017,152022,152026,152030,152044,152046,152081,152083,152100,152103,152116,152120,152124,152135,152140,152155,152158,152161,152163,152166,152170,152172,152186,152188,152212,152217,152221,152224,152243,152246,152295,152300,152317,152320,152353,152357,152359,152410,152413,152438,152441,152464,152468,152474,152476,152511,152514,152519,152521,152525,152528,152532,152537,152541,152544,152548,152551,152555,152560,152562,152588],[10,151079,151075],{"id":151080},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151082,9387,151083,151085],{},[15,151084,38311],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151087,82690],{},[138,151089,151090,151095],{},[141,151091,151092,151094],{},[15,151093,38311],{}," creates an empty tuple",[141,151096,151097,151100],{},[15,151098,151099],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151102,151103,151104,151106],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151105,38311],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[33,151108,36],{"id":35},[38,151110,151112],{"className":40,"code":151111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151113,151114,151134,151148,151152,151162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151115,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151117,54],{"class":53},[47,151119,58],{"class":57},[47,151121,62],{"class":61},[47,151123,232],{"class":65},[47,151125,69],{"class":61},[47,151127,77],{"class":65},[47,151129,69],{"class":61},[47,151131,442],{"class":65},[47,151133,80],{"class":61},[47,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151137,1442],{"class":53},[47,151139,58],{"class":57},[47,151141,149456],{"class":882},[47,151143,106],{"class":61},[47,151145,86],{"class":92},[47,151147,216],{"class":61},[47,151149,151150],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151151,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151155,103],{"class":102},[47,151157,106],{"class":61},[47,151159,1466],{"class":92},[47,151161,216],{"class":61},[47,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,151165,103],{"class":102},[47,151167,106],{"class":61},[47,151169,1971],{"class":882},[47,151171,106],{"class":61},[47,151173,1466],{"class":92},[47,151175,1978],{"class":61},[20,151177,219],{},[38,151179,151181],{"className":40,"code":151180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151182,151183,151199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151186,106],{"class":61},[47,151188,232],{"class":65},[47,151190,69],{"class":61},[47,151192,77],{"class":65},[47,151194,69],{"class":61},[47,151196,442],{"class":65},[47,151198,216],{"class":61},[47,151200,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151202,3568],{"class":57},[47,151204,3571],{"class":2348},[47,151206,708],{"class":632},[47,151208,49222],{"class":636},[47,151210,699],{"class":632},[47,151212,3580],{"class":57},[20,151214,118,151215,151217],{},[15,151216,151099],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[33,151219,151221],{"id":151220},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151223,151224,63187],{},[15,151225,38311],{},[20,151227,49196],{},[138,151229,151230,151233,151236],{},[141,151231,151232],{},"creates a tuple object",[141,151234,151235],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[141,151237,151238],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151240,151241,151242,151244,151245,89],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[252,151243,149394],{"href":149393}," or the full guide to ",[252,151246,148090],{"href":148089},[33,151248,259],{"id":258},[20,151250,26751],{},[38,151252,151254],{"className":40,"code":151253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151255,151256,151262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151257,151258,151260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151259,49222],{"class":882},[47,151261,96],{"class":61},[47,151263,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151265,49222],{"class":882},[47,151267,106],{"class":61},[47,151269,3992],{"class":92},[47,151271,216],{"class":61},[20,151273,11722],{},[138,151275,151276,151279],{},[141,151277,151278],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[141,151280,151281,151282],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[138,151283,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292],{},[141,151285,5566],{},[141,151287,5575],{},[141,151289,63258],{},[141,151291,5572],{},[141,151293,7515],{},[20,151295,151296],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[33,151298,149767],{"id":149766},[20,151300,29915,151301,151303],{},[15,151302,38311],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,151305,151307],{"className":40,"code":151306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151308,151309,151319,151323,151333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151312,124954],{"class":53},[47,151314,58],{"class":57},[47,151316,149456],{"class":882},[47,151318,96],{"class":61},[47,151320,151321],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151322,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151324,151325,151327,151329,151331],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151326,103],{"class":102},[47,151328,106],{"class":61},[47,151330,125005],{"class":92},[47,151332,216],{"class":61},[47,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151336,103],{"class":102},[47,151338,106],{"class":61},[47,151340,1971],{"class":882},[47,151342,106],{"class":61},[47,151344,125005],{"class":92},[47,151346,1978],{"class":61},[20,151348,219],{},[38,151350,151351],{"className":40,"code":149812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151352,151353,151357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151354,151355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151356,96],{"class":61},[47,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151360,3568],{"class":57},[47,151362,3571],{"class":2348},[47,151364,708],{"class":632},[47,151366,49222],{"class":636},[47,151368,699],{"class":632},[47,151370,3580],{"class":57},[20,151372,151373],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,151375,151377],{"className":40,"code":151376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,151378,151379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151380,151381,151383,151385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151382,124954],{"class":53},[47,151384,58],{"class":57},[47,151386,149432],{"class":61},[33,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1404,151392,151394],{"id":151393},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151396,151397],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,151399,151401],{"className":40,"code":151400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151402,151403,151423,151437,151441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151404,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151406,54],{"class":53},[47,151408,58],{"class":57},[47,151410,62],{"class":61},[47,151412,437],{"class":65},[47,151414,69],{"class":61},[47,151416,8054],{"class":65},[47,151418,69],{"class":61},[47,151420,8059],{"class":65},[47,151422,80],{"class":61},[47,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151426,1442],{"class":53},[47,151428,58],{"class":57},[47,151430,149456],{"class":882},[47,151432,106],{"class":61},[47,151434,86],{"class":92},[47,151436,216],{"class":61},[47,151438,151439],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151440,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151444,103],{"class":102},[47,151446,106],{"class":61},[47,151448,1466],{"class":92},[47,151450,216],{"class":61},[20,151452,219],{},[38,151454,151456],{"className":40,"code":151455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151457,151458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151459,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151461,106],{"class":61},[47,151463,437],{"class":65},[47,151465,69],{"class":61},[47,151467,8054],{"class":65},[47,151469,69],{"class":61},[47,151471,8059],{"class":65},[47,151473,216],{"class":61},[20,151475,151476,151477,89],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[252,151478,105154],{"href":60321},[1404,151480,151482],{"id":151481},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151484,151485],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,151487,151489],{"className":40,"code":151488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151490,151491,151503,151517,151521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151494,1600],{"class":53},[47,151496,58],{"class":57},[47,151498,644],{"class":632},[47,151500,37311],{"class":636},[47,151502,1609],{"class":632},[47,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151506,1442],{"class":53},[47,151508,58],{"class":57},[47,151510,149456],{"class":882},[47,151512,106],{"class":61},[47,151514,1614],{"class":92},[47,151516,216],{"class":61},[47,151518,151519],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151520,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151522,151523,151525,151527,151529],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151524,103],{"class":102},[47,151526,106],{"class":61},[47,151528,1466],{"class":92},[47,151530,216],{"class":61},[20,151532,219],{},[38,151534,151536],{"className":40,"code":151535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151537,151538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151539,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151541,106],{"class":61},[47,151543,699],{"class":632},[47,151545,10004],{"class":636},[47,151547,699],{"class":632},[47,151549,69],{"class":61},[47,151551,708],{"class":632},[47,151553,252],{"class":636},[47,151555,699],{"class":632},[47,151557,69],{"class":61},[47,151559,708],{"class":632},[47,151561,1730],{"class":636},[47,151563,699],{"class":632},[47,151565,216],{"class":61},[20,151567,151568,151569,14318,151572,151574,151575,89],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151570,151571],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[4015,151573,4896],{}," create ",[15,151576,151577],{},"('cat',)",[1404,151579,151581],{"id":151580},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151583,151584,151586,151587,151589],{},[15,151585,36463],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151588,38311],{}," collects them all.",[38,151591,151593],{"className":40,"code":151592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151594,151595,151613,151617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151598,1442],{"class":53},[47,151600,58],{"class":57},[47,151602,149456],{"class":882},[47,151604,106],{"class":61},[47,151606,60264],{"class":102},[47,151608,106],{"class":61},[47,151610,173],{"class":65},[47,151612,1978],{"class":61},[47,151614,151615],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151616,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151618,151619,151621,151623,151625],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151620,103],{"class":102},[47,151622,106],{"class":61},[47,151624,1466],{"class":92},[47,151626,216],{"class":61},[20,151628,219],{},[38,151630,151632],{"className":40,"code":151631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151633,151634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151637,106],{"class":61},[47,151639,2403],{"class":65},[47,151641,69],{"class":61},[47,151643,72],{"class":65},[47,151645,69],{"class":61},[47,151647,77],{"class":65},[47,151649,69],{"class":61},[47,151651,442],{"class":65},[47,151653,69],{"class":61},[47,151655,402],{"class":65},[47,151657,216],{"class":61},[1404,151659,151661],{"id":151660},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151663,151664],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,151666,151668],{"className":40,"code":151667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151669,151670,151690,151704,151708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151673,4095],{"class":53},[47,151675,58],{"class":57},[47,151677,10756],{"class":61},[47,151679,232],{"class":65},[47,151681,69],{"class":61},[47,151683,77],{"class":65},[47,151685,69],{"class":61},[47,151687,442],{"class":65},[47,151689,9573],{"class":61},[47,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151693,1442],{"class":53},[47,151695,58],{"class":57},[47,151697,149456],{"class":882},[47,151699,106],{"class":61},[47,151701,5625],{"class":92},[47,151703,216],{"class":61},[47,151705,151706],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151707,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151709,151710,151712,151714,151716],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151711,103],{"class":102},[47,151713,106],{"class":61},[47,151715,1466],{"class":92},[47,151717,216],{"class":61},[20,151719,219],{},[38,151721,151722],{"className":40,"code":149669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151723,151724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151725,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151727,106],{"class":61},[47,151729,232],{"class":65},[47,151731,69],{"class":61},[47,151733,77],{"class":65},[47,151735,69],{"class":61},[47,151737,442],{"class":65},[47,151739,216],{"class":61},[20,151741,151742,151743,89],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[252,151744,151746],{"href":151745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1404,151748,151750],{"id":151749},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151752,63800,151753,151755],{},[15,151754,38311],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,151757,151759],{"className":40,"code":151758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151760,151761,151797,151811,151815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151764,13468],{"class":53},[47,151766,58],{"class":57},[47,151768,10756],{"class":61},[47,151770,633],{"class":632},[47,151772,7932],{"class":636},[47,151774,633],{"class":632},[47,151776,136],{"class":61},[47,151778,644],{"class":632},[47,151780,13143],{"class":636},[47,151782,633],{"class":632},[47,151784,69],{"class":61},[47,151786,644],{"class":632},[47,151788,9563],{"class":636},[47,151790,633],{"class":632},[47,151792,136],{"class":61},[47,151794,9570],{"class":65},[47,151796,9573],{"class":61},[47,151798,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151800,1442],{"class":53},[47,151802,58],{"class":57},[47,151804,149456],{"class":882},[47,151806,106],{"class":61},[47,151808,17572],{"class":92},[47,151810,216],{"class":61},[47,151812,151813],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151814,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151816,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151818,103],{"class":102},[47,151820,106],{"class":61},[47,151822,1466],{"class":92},[47,151824,216],{"class":61},[20,151826,30295],{},[38,151828,151830],{"className":40,"code":151829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151831,151832],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151833,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151835,106],{"class":61},[47,151837,699],{"class":632},[47,151839,7932],{"class":636},[47,151841,699],{"class":632},[47,151843,69],{"class":61},[47,151845,708],{"class":632},[47,151847,9563],{"class":636},[47,151849,699],{"class":632},[47,151851,216],{"class":61},[33,151853,151855],{"id":151854},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151857,151858],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151860,151861,151864],{},[15,151862,151863],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,151866,151868],{"className":40,"code":151867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151869,151870,151906,151910,151924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151871,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151873,13468],{"class":53},[47,151875,58],{"class":57},[47,151877,10756],{"class":61},[47,151879,633],{"class":632},[47,151881,7932],{"class":636},[47,151883,633],{"class":632},[47,151885,136],{"class":61},[47,151887,644],{"class":632},[47,151889,13143],{"class":636},[47,151891,633],{"class":632},[47,151893,69],{"class":61},[47,151895,644],{"class":632},[47,151897,9563],{"class":636},[47,151899,633],{"class":632},[47,151901,136],{"class":61},[47,151903,9570],{"class":65},[47,151905,9573],{"class":61},[47,151907,151908],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151909,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,151911,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,151913,103],{"class":102},[47,151915,106],{"class":61},[47,151917,49222],{"class":882},[47,151919,106],{"class":61},[47,151921,17572],{"class":92},[47,151923,1978],{"class":61},[47,151925,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,151927,103],{"class":102},[47,151929,106],{"class":61},[47,151931,49222],{"class":882},[47,151933,106],{"class":61},[47,151935,17572],{"class":92},[47,151937,89],{"class":61},[47,151939,1562],{"class":92},[47,151941,6554],{"class":61},[20,151943,219],{},[38,151945,151947],{"className":40,"code":151946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151948,151949,151969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151950,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151952,106],{"class":61},[47,151954,699],{"class":632},[47,151956,7932],{"class":636},[47,151958,699],{"class":632},[47,151960,69],{"class":61},[47,151962,708],{"class":632},[47,151964,9563],{"class":636},[47,151966,699],{"class":632},[47,151968,216],{"class":61},[47,151970,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,151972,5777],{"class":61},[47,151974,699],{"class":632},[47,151976,7932],{"class":636},[47,151978,699],{"class":632},[47,151980,69],{"class":61},[47,151982,708],{"class":632},[47,151984,13143],{"class":636},[47,151986,699],{"class":632},[47,151988,9497],{"class":61},[47,151990,9500],{"class":61},[47,151992,699],{"class":632},[47,151994,9563],{"class":636},[47,151996,699],{"class":632},[47,151998,69],{"class":61},[47,152000,9570],{"class":65},[47,152002,1978],{"class":61},[20,152004,2114],{},[138,152006,152007,152012],{},[141,152008,152009,152011],{},[15,152010,151863],{}," for keys",[141,152013,152014,32824],{},[15,152015,152016],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152018,152019,152020,89],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[252,152021,63810],{"href":63809},[33,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152027,152028,18584],{},[15,152029,38311],{},[138,152031,152032,152035,152038,152041],{},[141,152033,152034],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[141,152036,152037],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[141,152039,152040],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[141,152042,152043],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152045,318],{},[38,152047,152049],{"className":40,"code":152048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152050,152051,152070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152052,152053,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152054,152055],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,152057,58],{"class":57},[47,152059,149456],{"class":882},[47,152061,2015],{"class":61},[47,152063,334],{"class":65},[47,152065,69],{"class":61},[47,152067,343],{"class":65},[47,152069,2040],{"class":61},[47,152071,152072,152074,152076,152079],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152073,103],{"class":102},[47,152075,106],{"class":61},[47,152077,152078],{"class":92},"coordinates",[47,152080,216],{"class":61},[20,152082,219],{},[38,152084,152086],{"className":40,"code":152085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152087,152088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152089,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152091,106],{"class":61},[47,152093,334],{"class":65},[47,152095,69],{"class":61},[47,152097,343],{"class":65},[47,152099,216],{"class":61},[20,152101,152102],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[138,152104,152105,152107,152110,152113],{},[141,152106,152078],{},[141,152108,152109],{},"RGB colors",[141,152111,152112],{},"dates",[141,152114,152115],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[33,152117,152119],{"id":152118},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152121,44696,152122,10866],{},[15,152123,38311],{},[138,152125,152126,152129,152132],{},[141,152127,152128],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[141,152130,152131],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[141,152133,152134],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152136,116581,152137,152139],{},[4015,152138,4896],{}," work:",[38,152141,152143],{"className":40,"code":152142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152144,152145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152146,152147,152149,152151,152153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152148,49222],{"class":882},[47,152150,106],{"class":61},[47,152152,173],{"class":65},[47,152154,216],{"class":61},[20,152156,152157],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152159,152160],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[33,152162,115419],{"id":115418},[20,152164,152165],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1404,152167,152169],{"id":152168},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152171,3116],{},[38,152173,152174],{"className":40,"code":152142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152175,152176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152177,152178,152180,152182,152184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152179,49222],{"class":882},[47,152181,106],{"class":61},[47,152183,173],{"class":65},[47,152185,216],{"class":61},[20,152187,29946],{},[38,152189,152190],{"className":40,"code":63914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152191,152192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152193,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152195,1574],{"class":882},[47,152197,136],{"class":61},[47,152199,708],{"class":632},[47,152201,2471],{"class":636},[47,152203,699],{"class":632},[47,152205,24882],{"class":882},[47,152207,8361],{"class":57},[47,152209,8364],{"class":57},[47,152211,63937],{"class":53},[20,152213,152214,152215,89],{},"If you see this, read ",[252,152216,62553],{"href":52869},[1404,152218,152220],{"id":152219},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152222,152223],{},"This code:",[38,152225,152227],{"className":40,"code":152226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152232,49222],{"class":882},[47,152234,106],{"class":61},[47,152236,633],{"class":632},[47,152238,4118],{"class":636},[47,152240,633],{"class":632},[47,152242,216],{"class":61},[20,152244,152245],{},"returns:",[38,152247,152249],{"className":40,"code":152248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152250,152251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152252,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152254,106],{"class":61},[47,152256,699],{"class":632},[47,152258,1695],{"class":636},[47,152260,699],{"class":632},[47,152262,69],{"class":61},[47,152264,708],{"class":632},[47,152266,60712],{"class":636},[47,152268,699],{"class":632},[47,152270,69],{"class":61},[47,152272,708],{"class":632},[47,152274,60721],{"class":636},[47,152276,699],{"class":632},[47,152278,69],{"class":61},[47,152280,708],{"class":632},[47,152282,60721],{"class":636},[47,152284,699],{"class":632},[47,152286,69],{"class":61},[47,152288,708],{"class":632},[47,152290,1713],{"class":636},[47,152292,699],{"class":632},[47,152294,216],{"class":61},[20,152296,41171,152297,152299],{},[4015,152298,4896],{}," return:",[38,152301,152303],{"className":40,"code":152302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,152304,152305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152306,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152308,106],{"class":61},[47,152310,699],{"class":632},[47,152312,4118],{"class":636},[47,152314,699],{"class":632},[47,152316,149446],{"class":61},[20,152318,152319],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,152321,152323],{"className":40,"code":152322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152324,152325,152342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152326,152327,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152328,152329],{"class":53},"single ",[47,152331,58],{"class":57},[47,152333,9500],{"class":61},[47,152335,633],{"class":632},[47,152337,4118],{"class":636},[47,152339,633],{"class":632},[47,152341,149446],{"class":61},[47,152343,152344,152346,152348,152351],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152345,103],{"class":102},[47,152347,106],{"class":61},[47,152349,152350],{"class":92},"single",[47,152352,216],{"class":61},[1404,152354,152356],{"id":152355},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152358,152223],{},[38,152360,152362],{"className":40,"code":152361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152363,152364,152396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152365,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152367,9430],{"class":53},[47,152369,58],{"class":57},[47,152371,10756],{"class":61},[47,152373,633],{"class":632},[47,152375,252],{"class":636},[47,152377,633],{"class":632},[47,152379,136],{"class":61},[47,152381,72],{"class":65},[47,152383,69],{"class":61},[47,152385,644],{"class":632},[47,152387,5026],{"class":636},[47,152389,633],{"class":632},[47,152391,136],{"class":61},[47,152393,77],{"class":65},[47,152395,9573],{"class":61},[47,152397,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152399,103],{"class":102},[47,152401,106],{"class":61},[47,152403,49222],{"class":882},[47,152405,106],{"class":61},[47,152407,9468],{"class":92},[47,152409,1978],{"class":61},[20,152411,152412],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,152414,152416],{"className":40,"code":152415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152417,152418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152419,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152421,106],{"class":61},[47,152423,699],{"class":632},[47,152425,252],{"class":636},[47,152427,699],{"class":632},[47,152429,69],{"class":61},[47,152431,708],{"class":632},[47,152433,5026],{"class":636},[47,152435,699],{"class":632},[47,152437,216],{"class":61},[20,152439,152440],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,152442,152444],{"className":40,"code":152443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152445,152446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152449,103],{"class":102},[47,152451,106],{"class":61},[47,152453,49222],{"class":882},[47,152455,106],{"class":61},[47,152457,9468],{"class":92},[47,152459,89],{"class":61},[47,152461,1562],{"class":92},[47,152463,6554],{"class":61},[1404,152465,152467],{"id":152466},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152469,152470,152471,152473],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152472,38311],{}," conversion.",[20,152475,5739],{},[38,152477,152479],{"className":40,"code":152478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152480,152481,152501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152482,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152484,2728],{"class":53},[47,152486,58],{"class":57},[47,152488,9500],{"class":61},[47,152490,232],{"class":65},[47,152492,69],{"class":61},[47,152494,77],{"class":65},[47,152496,69],{"class":61},[47,152498,442],{"class":65},[47,152500,216],{"class":61},[47,152502,152503,152505,152507,152509],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152504,103],{"class":102},[47,152506,106],{"class":61},[47,152508,2753],{"class":92},[47,152510,216],{"class":61},[20,152512,152513],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152515,25770,152516,152518],{},[15,152517,38311],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[33,152520,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,152522,152524],{"id":152523},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152526,152527],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1404,152529,152531],{"id":152530},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152533,152534,152535,89],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152536,7629],{},[1404,152538,152540],{"id":152539},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152542,152543],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1404,152545,152547],{"id":152546},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152549,152550],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1404,152552,152554],{"id":152553},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152556,152557,152558,89],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152559,1574],{},[33,152561,2187],{"id":2186},[138,152563,152564,152568,152572,152576,152580,152584],{},[141,152565,152566],{},[252,152567,148090],{"href":148089},[141,152569,152570],{},[252,152571,151017],{"href":149393},[141,152573,152574],{},[252,152575,105154],{"href":60321},[141,152577,152578],{},[252,152579,151746],{"href":151745},[141,152581,152582],{},[252,152583,63810],{"href":63809},[141,152585,152586],{},[252,152587,62553],{"href":52869},[2210,152589,152590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":152592},[152593,152594,152595,152596,152597,152604,152605,152606,152607,152613,152620],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":151220,"depth":83,"text":151221},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":149766,"depth":83,"text":149767},{"id":151389,"depth":83,"text":151390,"children":152598},[152599,152600,152601,152602,152603],{"id":151393,"depth":99,"text":151394},{"id":151481,"depth":99,"text":151482},{"id":151580,"depth":99,"text":151581},{"id":151660,"depth":99,"text":151661},{"id":151749,"depth":99,"text":151750},{"id":151854,"depth":83,"text":151855},{"id":152024,"depth":83,"text":152025},{"id":152118,"depth":83,"text":152119},{"id":115418,"depth":83,"text":115419,"children":152608},[152609,152610,152611,152612],{"id":152168,"depth":99,"text":152169},{"id":152219,"depth":99,"text":152220},{"id":152355,"depth":99,"text":152356},{"id":152466,"depth":99,"text":152467},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":152614},[152615,152616,152617,152618,152619],{"id":152523,"depth":99,"text":152524},{"id":152530,"depth":99,"text":152531},{"id":152539,"depth":99,"text":152540},{"id":152546,"depth":99,"text":152547},{"id":152553,"depth":99,"text":152554},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151075,"description":152621},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152628,"title":152629,"body":152630,"description":154043,"extension":2248,"meta":154044,"navigation":203,"path":154045,"seo":154046,"stem":154047,"__hash__":154048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152631,"toc":154015},[152632,152637,152642,152645,152647,152726,152732,152737,152741,152756,152758,152805,152807,152815,152823,152829,152831,152836,152856,152859,152886,152888,152912,152914,153056,153058,153062,153070,153073,153075,153152,153154,153162,153166,153170,153180,153190,153192,153197,153199,153258,153263,153265,153365,153367,153381,153386,153392,153399,153402,153404,153514,153518,153535,153537,153600,153602,153610,153622,153626,153631,153659,153662,153744,153746,153757,153759,153763,153790,153792,153794,153874,153882,153884,153939,153941,153946,153949,153953,153957,153959,153963,153967,153975,153982,153985,153987,154012],[10,152633,147974,152635,18],{"id":152634},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152636,59233],{},[20,152638,152639,152641],{},[15,152640,149295],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152643,152644],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[33,152646,36],{"id":35},[38,152648,152650],{"className":40,"code":152649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152651,152652,152692,152714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152653,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152655,13339],{"class":53},[47,152657,58],{"class":57},[47,152659,9500],{"class":61},[47,152661,633],{"class":632},[47,152663,13356],{"class":636},[47,152665,633],{"class":632},[47,152667,69],{"class":61},[47,152669,644],{"class":632},[47,152671,13373],{"class":636},[47,152673,633],{"class":632},[47,152675,69],{"class":61},[47,152677,644],{"class":632},[47,152679,17721],{"class":636},[47,152681,633],{"class":632},[47,152683,69],{"class":61},[47,152685,644],{"class":632},[47,152687,13373],{"class":636},[47,152689,633],{"class":632},[47,152691,216],{"class":61},[47,152693,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152695,65179],{"class":53},[47,152697,58],{"class":57},[47,152699,13387],{"class":53},[47,152701,89],{"class":61},[47,152703,36112],{"class":92},[47,152705,106],{"class":61},[47,152707,633],{"class":632},[47,152709,13373],{"class":636},[47,152711,633],{"class":632},[47,152713,216],{"class":61},[47,152715,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,152717,103],{"class":102},[47,152719,106],{"class":61},[47,152721,65206],{"class":92},[47,152723,111],{"class":61},[47,152725,28044],{"class":114},[20,152727,152728,152731],{},[15,152729,152730],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[33,152733,128,152735,131],{"id":152734},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152736,149295],{},[20,152738,956,152739,11677],{},[15,152740,59233],{},[138,152742,152743,152746,152748,152751],{},[141,152744,152745],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[141,152747,128572],{},[141,152749,152750],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[141,152752,152753,152754],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152755,2403],{},[20,152757,318],{},[38,152759,152761],{"className":40,"code":152760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152762,152763,152787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152764,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152766,54],{"class":53},[47,152768,58],{"class":57},[47,152770,9500],{"class":61},[47,152772,437],{"class":65},[47,152774,69],{"class":61},[47,152776,8054],{"class":65},[47,152778,69],{"class":61},[47,152780,8059],{"class":65},[47,152782,69],{"class":61},[47,152784,8054],{"class":65},[47,152786,216],{"class":61},[47,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152790,103],{"class":102},[47,152792,106],{"class":61},[47,152794,86],{"class":92},[47,152796,89],{"class":61},[47,152798,36112],{"class":92},[47,152800,106],{"class":61},[47,152802,16019],{"class":65},[47,152804,1978],{"class":61},[20,152806,219],{},[38,152808,152809],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152810,152811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152812,152813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152814,47185],{"class":65},[20,152816,21243,152817,152819,152820,152822],{},[15,152818,16019],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152821,59233],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152824,151241,152825,89],{},[252,152826,152828],{"href":152827},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[33,152830,259],{"id":258},[20,152832,8027,152833,152835],{},[15,152834,59233],{}," in two ways:",[38,152837,152839],{"className":40,"code":152838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152840,152841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152842,152843,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152844,152845],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,152847,89],{"class":61},[47,152849,36112],{"class":92},[47,152851,106],{"class":61},[47,152853,2753],{"class":92},[47,152855,216],{"class":61},[20,152857,152858],{},"or:",[38,152860,152862],{"className":40,"code":152861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152863,152864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152865,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152867,152845],{"class":53},[47,152869,89],{"class":61},[47,152871,36112],{"class":92},[47,152873,106],{"class":61},[47,152875,2753],{"class":92},[47,152877,69],{"class":61},[47,152879,36318],{"class":92},[47,152881,69],{"class":61},[47,152883,65300],{"class":92},[47,152885,216],{"class":61},[1404,152887,17660],{"id":17659},[138,152889,152890,152895,152900,152905],{},[141,152891,152892,152894],{},[15,152893,2753],{}," — the item to search for",[141,152896,152897,152899],{},[15,152898,36339],{}," — optional starting position",[141,152901,152902,152904],{},[15,152903,52930],{}," — optional ending position",[141,152906,152907,5049,152909,152911],{},[15,152908,52930],{},[4015,152910,65329],{}," in the search",[20,152913,318],{},[38,152915,152917],{"className":40,"code":152916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152918,152919,152967,152971,152996,153024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152920,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152922,1639],{"class":53},[47,152924,58],{"class":57},[47,152926,9500],{"class":61},[47,152928,633],{"class":632},[47,152930,252],{"class":636},[47,152932,633],{"class":632},[47,152934,69],{"class":61},[47,152936,644],{"class":632},[47,152938,5026],{"class":636},[47,152940,633],{"class":632},[47,152942,69],{"class":61},[47,152944,644],{"class":632},[47,152946,10004],{"class":636},[47,152948,633],{"class":632},[47,152950,69],{"class":61},[47,152952,644],{"class":632},[47,152954,5026],{"class":636},[47,152956,633],{"class":632},[47,152958,69],{"class":61},[47,152960,644],{"class":632},[47,152962,19032],{"class":636},[47,152964,633],{"class":632},[47,152966,216],{"class":61},[47,152968,152969],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,152970,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,152972,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,152974,103],{"class":102},[47,152976,106],{"class":61},[47,152978,1659],{"class":92},[47,152980,89],{"class":61},[47,152982,36112],{"class":92},[47,152984,106],{"class":61},[47,152986,633],{"class":632},[47,152988,5026],{"class":636},[47,152990,633],{"class":632},[47,152992,5628],{"class":61},[47,152994,152995],{"class":114},"        # 1\n",[47,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,152999,103],{"class":102},[47,153001,106],{"class":61},[47,153003,1659],{"class":92},[47,153005,89],{"class":61},[47,153007,36112],{"class":92},[47,153009,106],{"class":61},[47,153011,633],{"class":632},[47,153013,5026],{"class":636},[47,153015,633],{"class":632},[47,153017,69],{"class":61},[47,153019,77],{"class":65},[47,153021,5628],{"class":61},[47,153023,51188],{"class":114},[47,153025,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,153027,103],{"class":102},[47,153029,106],{"class":61},[47,153031,1659],{"class":92},[47,153033,89],{"class":61},[47,153035,36112],{"class":92},[47,153037,106],{"class":61},[47,153039,633],{"class":632},[47,153041,5026],{"class":636},[47,153043,633],{"class":632},[47,153045,69],{"class":61},[47,153047,72],{"class":65},[47,153049,69],{"class":61},[47,153051,442],{"class":65},[47,153053,5628],{"class":61},[47,153055,28044],{"class":114},[33,153057,103481],{"id":103480},[20,153059,153060,25773],{},[15,153061,149295],{},[138,153063,153064,153067],{},[141,153065,153066],{},"An integer",[141,153068,153069],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153071,153072],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153074,318],{},[38,153076,153078],{"className":40,"code":153077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153079,153080,153120,153142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153081,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153083,108580],{"class":53},[47,153085,58],{"class":57},[47,153087,9500],{"class":61},[47,153089,633],{"class":632},[47,153091,37311],{"class":636},[47,153093,633],{"class":632},[47,153095,69],{"class":61},[47,153097,644],{"class":632},[47,153099,58392],{"class":636},[47,153101,633],{"class":632},[47,153103,69],{"class":61},[47,153105,644],{"class":632},[47,153107,58409],{"class":636},[47,153109,633],{"class":632},[47,153111,69],{"class":61},[47,153113,644],{"class":632},[47,153115,58392],{"class":636},[47,153117,633],{"class":632},[47,153119,216],{"class":61},[47,153121,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153123,1442],{"class":53},[47,153125,58],{"class":57},[47,153127,108623],{"class":53},[47,153129,89],{"class":61},[47,153131,36112],{"class":92},[47,153133,106],{"class":61},[47,153135,633],{"class":632},[47,153137,58392],{"class":636},[47,153139,633],{"class":632},[47,153141,216],{"class":61},[47,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153145,103],{"class":102},[47,153147,106],{"class":61},[47,153149,1466],{"class":92},[47,153151,216],{"class":61},[20,153153,219],{},[38,153155,153156],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153157,153158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153159,153160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153161,47185],{"class":65},[33,153163,153165],{"id":153164},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153167,118,153168,10866],{},[15,153169,149295],{},[138,153171,153172,153174,153177],{},[141,153173,66358],{},[141,153175,153176],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[141,153178,153179],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153181,153182,153183,153186,153187,89],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153184,153185],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[252,153188,149763],{"href":153189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[33,153191,65890],{"id":65889},[20,153193,153194,153195,89],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153196,40969],{},[20,153198,318],{},[38,153200,153202],{"className":40,"code":153201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153203,153204,153236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153205,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153207,13339],{"class":53},[47,153209,58],{"class":57},[47,153211,9500],{"class":61},[47,153213,633],{"class":632},[47,153215,13356],{"class":636},[47,153217,633],{"class":632},[47,153219,69],{"class":61},[47,153221,644],{"class":632},[47,153223,13373],{"class":636},[47,153225,633],{"class":632},[47,153227,69],{"class":61},[47,153229,644],{"class":632},[47,153231,17721],{"class":636},[47,153233,633],{"class":632},[47,153235,216],{"class":61},[47,153237,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153239,103],{"class":102},[47,153241,106],{"class":61},[47,153243,17768],{"class":92},[47,153245,89],{"class":61},[47,153247,36112],{"class":92},[47,153249,106],{"class":61},[47,153251,633],{"class":632},[47,153253,22790],{"class":636},[47,153255,633],{"class":632},[47,153257,1978],{"class":61},[20,153259,39918,153260,153262],{},[15,153261,109905],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153264,65965],{},[38,153266,153268],{"className":40,"code":153267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153269,153270,153302,153306,153322,153344,153350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153271,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153273,13339],{"class":53},[47,153275,58],{"class":57},[47,153277,9500],{"class":61},[47,153279,633],{"class":632},[47,153281,13356],{"class":636},[47,153283,633],{"class":632},[47,153285,69],{"class":61},[47,153287,644],{"class":632},[47,153289,13373],{"class":636},[47,153291,633],{"class":632},[47,153293,69],{"class":61},[47,153295,644],{"class":632},[47,153297,17721],{"class":636},[47,153299,633],{"class":632},[47,153301,216],{"class":61},[47,153303,153304],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153305,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,153307,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153309,7262],{"class":2027},[47,153311,644],{"class":632},[47,153313,22790],{"class":636},[47,153315,633],{"class":632},[47,153317,21439],{"class":57},[47,153319,13387],{"class":53},[47,153321,6657],{"class":61},[47,153323,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,153325,8333],{"class":102},[47,153327,106],{"class":61},[47,153329,17768],{"class":92},[47,153331,89],{"class":61},[47,153333,36112],{"class":92},[47,153335,106],{"class":61},[47,153337,633],{"class":632},[47,153339,22790],{"class":636},[47,153341,633],{"class":632},[47,153343,1978],{"class":61},[47,153345,153346,153348],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,153347,27698],{"class":2027},[47,153349,6657],{"class":61},[47,153351,153352,153354,153356,153358,153361,153363],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,153353,8333],{"class":102},[47,153355,106],{"class":61},[47,153357,633],{"class":632},[47,153359,153360],{"class":636},"Value not found",[47,153362,633],{"class":632},[47,153364,216],{"class":61},[20,153366,219],{},[38,153368,153370],{"className":40,"code":153369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,153371,153372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153373,153374,153377,153379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153375,153376],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,153378,4896],{"class":57},[47,153380,66089],{"class":53},[20,153382,153383,153384,89],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[252,153385,66099],{"href":66098},[33,153387,8681,153388,1233,153390],{"id":65666},[15,153389,36339],{},[15,153391,52930],{},[20,153393,956,153394,1233,153396,153398],{},[15,153395,36339],{},[15,153397,52930],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153400,153401],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153403,318],{},[38,153405,153407],{"className":40,"code":153406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153408,153409,153437,153441,153462,153486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153410,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153412,4095],{"class":53},[47,153414,58],{"class":57},[47,153416,9500],{"class":61},[47,153418,173],{"class":65},[47,153420,69],{"class":61},[47,153422,503],{"class":65},[47,153424,69],{"class":61},[47,153426,241],{"class":65},[47,153428,69],{"class":61},[47,153430,8054],{"class":65},[47,153432,69],{"class":61},[47,153434,241],{"class":65},[47,153436,216],{"class":61},[47,153438,153439],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153440,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,153442,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153444,103],{"class":102},[47,153446,106],{"class":61},[47,153448,5625],{"class":92},[47,153450,89],{"class":61},[47,153452,36112],{"class":92},[47,153454,106],{"class":61},[47,153456,173],{"class":65},[47,153458,5628],{"class":61},[47,153460,153461],{"class":114},"        # 0\n",[47,153463,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,153465,103],{"class":102},[47,153467,106],{"class":61},[47,153469,5625],{"class":92},[47,153471,89],{"class":61},[47,153473,36112],{"class":92},[47,153475,106],{"class":61},[47,153477,173],{"class":65},[47,153479,69],{"class":61},[47,153481,72],{"class":65},[47,153483,5628],{"class":61},[47,153485,51222],{"class":114},[47,153487,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,153489,103],{"class":102},[47,153491,106],{"class":61},[47,153493,5625],{"class":92},[47,153495,89],{"class":61},[47,153497,36112],{"class":92},[47,153499,106],{"class":61},[47,153501,173],{"class":65},[47,153503,69],{"class":61},[47,153505,442],{"class":65},[47,153507,69],{"class":61},[47,153509,241],{"class":65},[47,153511,5628],{"class":61},[47,153513,51205],{"class":114},[1404,153515,153517],{"id":153516},"how-it-works","How it works",[138,153519,153520,153525,153530],{},[141,153521,153522,153524],{},[15,153523,36339],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[141,153526,153527,153529],{},[15,153528,52930],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[141,153531,956,153532,153534],{},[15,153533,52930],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153536,318],{},[38,153538,153540],{"className":40,"code":153539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153541,153542,153570,153574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153543,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153545,4095],{"class":53},[47,153547,58],{"class":57},[47,153549,9500],{"class":61},[47,153551,173],{"class":65},[47,153553,69],{"class":61},[47,153555,503],{"class":65},[47,153557,69],{"class":61},[47,153559,241],{"class":65},[47,153561,69],{"class":61},[47,153563,8054],{"class":65},[47,153565,69],{"class":61},[47,153567,241],{"class":65},[47,153569,216],{"class":61},[47,153571,153572],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153573,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,153575,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153577,103],{"class":102},[47,153579,106],{"class":61},[47,153581,5625],{"class":92},[47,153583,89],{"class":61},[47,153585,36112],{"class":92},[47,153587,106],{"class":61},[47,153589,173],{"class":65},[47,153591,69],{"class":61},[47,153593,72],{"class":65},[47,153595,69],{"class":61},[47,153597,402],{"class":65},[47,153599,1978],{"class":61},[20,153601,219],{},[38,153603,153604],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153605,153606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153607,153608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153609,17321],{"class":65},[20,153611,153612,153613,2472,153615,17337,153617,153619,153620,89],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153614,232],{},[15,153616,2340],{},[15,153618,66],{},", but not ",[15,153621,334],{},[33,153623,153625],{"id":153624},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153627,153628,153629,136],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153630,149295],{},[138,153632,153633,153641,153646,153653],{},[141,153634,153635,153636,153638,153639],{},"Do not confuse the ",[4015,153637,2753],{}," with the ",[4015,153640,36112],{},[141,153642,153643,153644],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153645,2403],{},[141,153647,118,153648,153652],{},[252,153649,149321,153650,11006],{"href":149373},[15,153651,57556],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[141,153654,153655,153656,153658],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153657,153185],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153660,153661],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,153663,153665],{"className":40,"code":153664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153666,153667,153699,153703,153727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153670,36504],{"class":53},[47,153672,58],{"class":57},[47,153674,9500],{"class":61},[47,153676,633],{"class":632},[47,153678,647],{"class":636},[47,153680,633],{"class":632},[47,153682,69],{"class":61},[47,153684,644],{"class":632},[47,153686,637],{"class":636},[47,153688,633],{"class":632},[47,153690,69],{"class":61},[47,153692,644],{"class":632},[47,153694,33488],{"class":636},[47,153696,633],{"class":632},[47,153698,216],{"class":61},[47,153700,153701],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153702,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153706,103],{"class":102},[47,153708,106],{"class":61},[47,153710,36556],{"class":92},[47,153712,89],{"class":61},[47,153714,36112],{"class":92},[47,153716,106],{"class":61},[47,153718,633],{"class":632},[47,153720,637],{"class":636},[47,153722,633],{"class":632},[47,153724,5628],{"class":61},[47,153726,28044],{"class":114},[47,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,153730,103],{"class":102},[47,153732,106],{"class":61},[47,153734,36556],{"class":92},[47,153736,229],{"class":61},[47,153738,232],{"class":65},[47,153740,20711],{"class":61},[47,153742,153743],{"class":114},"               # banana\n",[20,153745,2461],{},[138,153747,153748,153752],{},[141,153749,153750,15511],{},[15,153751,65534],{},[141,153753,153754,153756],{},[15,153755,232],{}," is the index",[33,153758,1397],{"id":1396},[20,153760,106219,153761,136],{},[15,153762,149295],{},[138,153764,153765,153768,153773,153778,153785],{},[141,153766,153767],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[141,153769,8717,153770,153772],{},[15,153771,59233],{}," to return all matching positions",[141,153774,153775,153776],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153777,2403],{},[141,153779,153780,153781,1233,153783],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153782,36339],{},[15,153784,52930],{},[141,153786,37468,153787,153789],{},[15,153788,149295],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1404,153791,1944],{"id":1943},[20,153793,94481],{},[38,153795,153797],{"className":40,"code":153796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153798,153799,153809,153823,153838,153856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153800,153801,153803,153805,153807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153802,103],{"class":102},[47,153804,106],{"class":61},[47,153806,148108],{"class":92},[47,153808,216],{"class":61},[47,153810,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153812,103],{"class":102},[47,153814,106],{"class":61},[47,153816,969],{"class":102},[47,153818,106],{"class":61},[47,153820,148108],{"class":92},[47,153822,1978],{"class":61},[47,153824,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153836],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153826,103],{"class":102},[47,153828,106],{"class":61},[47,153830,2728],{"class":92},[47,153832,2034],{"class":2027},[47,153834,153835],{"class":92}," my_tuple",[47,153837,216],{"class":61},[47,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,153841,103],{"class":102},[47,153843,106],{"class":61},[47,153845,148108],{"class":92},[47,153847,89],{"class":61},[47,153849,41525],{"class":92},[47,153851,106],{"class":61},[47,153853,2753],{"class":92},[47,153855,1978],{"class":61},[47,153857,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,153859,103],{"class":102},[47,153861,106],{"class":61},[47,153863,148108],{"class":92},[47,153865,89],{"class":61},[47,153867,36112],{"class":92},[47,153869,106],{"class":61},[47,153871,2753],{"class":92},[47,153873,1978],{"class":61},[20,153875,153876,153877,84498,153879,153881],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153878,40969],{},[15,153880,2753],{}," is missing.",[20,153883,129725],{},[38,153885,153887],{"className":40,"code":153886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153888,153889,153901,153919,153925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153890,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153892,7262],{"class":2027},[47,153894,21850],{"class":53},[47,153896,2034],{"class":57},[47,153898,153835],{"class":53},[47,153900,6657],{"class":61},[47,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,153904,8333],{"class":102},[47,153906,106],{"class":61},[47,153908,148108],{"class":92},[47,153910,89],{"class":61},[47,153912,36112],{"class":92},[47,153914,106],{"class":61},[47,153916,2753],{"class":92},[47,153918,1978],{"class":61},[47,153920,153921,153923],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,153922,27698],{"class":2027},[47,153924,6657],{"class":61},[47,153926,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,153928,8333],{"class":102},[47,153930,106],{"class":61},[47,153932,633],{"class":632},[47,153934,153360],{"class":636},[47,153936,633],{"class":632},[47,153938,216],{"class":61},[33,153940,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,153942,5408,153944,12978],{"id":153943},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153945,149295],{},[20,153947,153948],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1404,153950,153952],{"id":153951},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153954,153955,152822],{},[15,153956,149295],{},[1404,153958,149274],{"id":149273},[20,153960,77109,153961,89],{},[15,153962,40969],{},[1404,153964,153966],{"id":153965},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153968,153969,153970,1233,153972,153974],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153971,36339],{},[15,153973,52930],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1404,153976,15167,153978,57471,153980,2099],{"id":153977},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153979,149295],{},[15,153981,65125],{},[20,153983,153984],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[33,153986,2187],{"id":2186},[138,153988,153989,153995,153999,154004,154008],{},[141,153990,153991],{},[252,153992,149321,153993,11006],{"href":149373},[15,153994,57556],{},[141,153996,153997],{},[252,153998,149763],{"href":153189},[141,154000,154001],{},[252,154002,154003],{"href":151069},"Creating a tuple in Python",[141,154005,154006],{},[252,154007,66099],{"href":66098},[141,154009,154010],{},[252,154011,151017],{"href":152827},[2210,154013,154014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":154016},[154017,154018,154020,154023,154024,154025,154026,154029,154030,154033,154042],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":152734,"depth":83,"text":154019},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259,"children":154021},[154022],{"id":17659,"depth":99,"text":17660},{"id":103480,"depth":83,"text":103481},{"id":153164,"depth":83,"text":153165},{"id":65889,"depth":83,"text":65890},{"id":65666,"depth":83,"text":66449,"children":154027},[154028],{"id":153516,"depth":99,"text":153517},{"id":153624,"depth":83,"text":153625},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397,"children":154031},[154032],{"id":1943,"depth":99,"text":1944},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":154034},[154035,154037,154038,154039,154040],{"id":153943,"depth":99,"text":154036},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153951,"depth":99,"text":153952},{"id":149273,"depth":99,"text":149274},{"id":153965,"depth":99,"text":153966},{"id":153977,"depth":99,"text":154041},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152629,"description":154043},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154050,"title":154051,"body":154052,"description":155447,"extension":2248,"meta":155448,"navigation":203,"path":153189,"seo":155449,"stem":155450,"__hash__":155451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154053,"toc":155429},[154054,154057,154060,154063,154077,154079,154082,154176,154186,154192,154196,154199,154202,154204,154222,154224,154295,154297,154314,154318,154322,154325,154342,154345,154360,154362,154453,154456,154460,154463,154480,154482,154577,154580,154583,154587,154590,154684,154686,154705,154708,154712,154715,154717,154772,154774,154809,154812,154826,154834,154927,154936,154940,154943,154950,154953,155000,155002,155010,155013,155064,155066,155083,155088,155092,155095,155098,155100,155151,155154,155209,155212,155215,155217,155220,155240,155242,155315,155318,155331,155333,155337,155342,155346,155351,155368,155372,155375,155392,155396,155399,155401,155426],[10,154055,154051],{"id":154056},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154058,154059],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154061,154062],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[138,154064,154065,154068,154071,154074],{},[141,154066,154067],{},"positive indexes",[141,154069,154070],{},"negative indexes",[141,154072,154073],{},"common indexing mistakes",[141,154075,154076],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[33,154078,3884],{"id":3883},[20,154080,154081],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,154083,154085],{"className":40,"code":154084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154086,154087,154119,154123,154140,154157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154090,13339],{"class":53},[47,154092,58],{"class":57},[47,154094,9500],{"class":61},[47,154096,633],{"class":632},[47,154098,13356],{"class":636},[47,154100,633],{"class":632},[47,154102,69],{"class":61},[47,154104,644],{"class":632},[47,154106,17721],{"class":636},[47,154108,633],{"class":632},[47,154110,69],{"class":61},[47,154112,644],{"class":632},[47,154114,13373],{"class":636},[47,154116,633],{"class":632},[47,154118,216],{"class":61},[47,154120,154121],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154122,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154126,103],{"class":102},[47,154128,106],{"class":61},[47,154130,17768],{"class":92},[47,154132,229],{"class":61},[47,154134,2403],{"class":65},[47,154136,20711],{"class":61},[47,154138,154139],{"class":114},"   # red\n",[47,154141,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154143,103],{"class":102},[47,154145,106],{"class":61},[47,154147,17768],{"class":92},[47,154149,229],{"class":61},[47,154151,232],{"class":65},[47,154153,20711],{"class":61},[47,154155,154156],{"class":114},"   # green\n",[47,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154160,103],{"class":102},[47,154162,106],{"class":61},[47,154164,17768],{"class":92},[47,154166,229],{"class":61},[47,154168,2306],{"class":57},[47,154170,232],{"class":65},[47,154172,20711],{"class":61},[47,154174,154175],{"class":114},"  # blue\n",[138,154177,154178,154183],{},[141,154179,132514,154180,154182],{},[15,154181,2403],{}," is the first item.",[141,154184,154185],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154187,154188,154189,89],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[252,154190,154191],{"href":148093},"how to create a tuple in Python",[33,154193,154195],{"id":154194},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154197,154198],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154200,154201],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154203,11722],{},[138,154205,154206,154209,154216,154219],{},[141,154207,154208],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[141,154210,154211,154212,19228,154214],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154213,2403],{},[15,154215,232],{},[141,154217,154218],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[141,154220,154221],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154223,318],{},[38,154225,154227],{"className":40,"code":154226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154228,154229,154249,154253,154267,154281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154230,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154232,54],{"class":53},[47,154234,58],{"class":57},[47,154236,9500],{"class":61},[47,154238,437],{"class":65},[47,154240,69],{"class":61},[47,154242,8054],{"class":65},[47,154244,69],{"class":61},[47,154246,8059],{"class":65},[47,154248,216],{"class":61},[47,154250,154251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154252,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154254,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154256,103],{"class":102},[47,154258,106],{"class":61},[47,154260,86],{"class":92},[47,154262,229],{"class":61},[47,154264,2403],{"class":65},[47,154266,2040],{"class":61},[47,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154270,103],{"class":102},[47,154272,106],{"class":61},[47,154274,86],{"class":92},[47,154276,229],{"class":61},[47,154278,232],{"class":65},[47,154280,2040],{"class":61},[47,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154284,103],{"class":102},[47,154286,106],{"class":61},[47,154288,86],{"class":92},[47,154290,229],{"class":61},[47,154292,2340],{"class":65},[47,154294,2040],{"class":61},[20,154296,219],{},[38,154298,154300],{"className":40,"code":154299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154301,154302,154306,154310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154303,154304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154305,2658],{"class":65},[47,154307,154308],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154309,71483],{"class":65},[47,154311,154312],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154313,70099],{"class":65},[20,154315,59658,154316,89],{},[252,154317,148090],{"href":148089},[33,154319,154321],{"id":154320},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154323,154324],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[138,154326,154327,154332,154337],{},[141,154328,154329,154331],{},[15,154330,2403],{}," = first item",[141,154333,154334,154336],{},[15,154335,232],{}," = second item",[141,154338,154339,154341],{},[15,154340,2340],{}," = third item",[20,154343,154344],{},"Pattern:",[38,154346,154348],{"className":40,"code":154347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154349,154350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154351,154352,154354,154356,154358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154353,152845],{"class":53},[47,154355,229],{"class":61},[47,154357,36112],{"class":53},[47,154359,80],{"class":61},[20,154361,318],{},[38,154363,154365],{"className":40,"code":154364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154366,154367,154399,154403,154420,154436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154370,36504],{"class":53},[47,154372,58],{"class":57},[47,154374,9500],{"class":61},[47,154376,633],{"class":632},[47,154378,647],{"class":636},[47,154380,633],{"class":632},[47,154382,69],{"class":61},[47,154384,644],{"class":632},[47,154386,637],{"class":636},[47,154388,633],{"class":632},[47,154390,69],{"class":61},[47,154392,644],{"class":632},[47,154394,656],{"class":636},[47,154396,633],{"class":632},[47,154398,216],{"class":61},[47,154400,154401],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154402,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154404,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154406,103],{"class":102},[47,154408,106],{"class":61},[47,154410,36556],{"class":92},[47,154412,229],{"class":61},[47,154414,2403],{"class":65},[47,154416,20711],{"class":61},[47,154418,154419],{"class":114},"  # apple\n",[47,154421,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154423,103],{"class":102},[47,154425,106],{"class":61},[47,154427,36556],{"class":92},[47,154429,229],{"class":61},[47,154431,232],{"class":65},[47,154433,20711],{"class":61},[47,154435,51755],{"class":114},[47,154437,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154439,103],{"class":102},[47,154441,106],{"class":61},[47,154443,36556],{"class":92},[47,154445,229],{"class":61},[47,154447,2340],{"class":65},[47,154449,20711],{"class":61},[47,154451,154452],{"class":114},"  # cherry\n",[20,154454,154455],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[33,154457,154459],{"id":154458},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154461,154462],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[138,154464,154465,154470,154475],{},[141,154466,154467,154469],{},[15,154468,66114],{}," = last item",[141,154471,154472,154474],{},[15,154473,95511],{}," = second-to-last item",[141,154476,154477,154479],{},[15,154478,47939],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154481,318],{},[38,154483,154485],{"className":40,"code":154484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154486,154487,154519,154523,154541,154559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154488,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154490,36504],{"class":53},[47,154492,58],{"class":57},[47,154494,9500],{"class":61},[47,154496,633],{"class":632},[47,154498,647],{"class":636},[47,154500,633],{"class":632},[47,154502,69],{"class":61},[47,154504,644],{"class":632},[47,154506,637],{"class":636},[47,154508,633],{"class":632},[47,154510,69],{"class":61},[47,154512,644],{"class":632},[47,154514,656],{"class":636},[47,154516,633],{"class":632},[47,154518,216],{"class":61},[47,154520,154521],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154522,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154526,103],{"class":102},[47,154528,106],{"class":61},[47,154530,36556],{"class":92},[47,154532,229],{"class":61},[47,154534,2306],{"class":57},[47,154536,232],{"class":65},[47,154538,20711],{"class":61},[47,154540,154452],{"class":114},[47,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154544,103],{"class":102},[47,154546,106],{"class":61},[47,154548,36556],{"class":92},[47,154550,229],{"class":61},[47,154552,2306],{"class":57},[47,154554,2340],{"class":65},[47,154556,20711],{"class":61},[47,154558,51755],{"class":114},[47,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154562,103],{"class":102},[47,154564,106],{"class":61},[47,154566,36556],{"class":92},[47,154568,229],{"class":61},[47,154570,2306],{"class":57},[47,154572,66],{"class":65},[47,154574,20711],{"class":61},[47,154576,154419],{"class":114},[20,154578,154579],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154581,154582],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[33,154584,154586],{"id":154585},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154588,154589],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,154591,154593],{"className":40,"code":154592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154594,154595,154627,154631,154648,154665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154598,5261],{"class":53},[47,154600,58],{"class":57},[47,154602,9500],{"class":61},[47,154604,633],{"class":632},[47,154606,13143],{"class":636},[47,154608,633],{"class":632},[47,154610,69],{"class":61},[47,154612,644],{"class":632},[47,154614,36207],{"class":636},[47,154616,633],{"class":632},[47,154618,69],{"class":61},[47,154620,644],{"class":632},[47,154622,36216],{"class":636},[47,154624,633],{"class":632},[47,154626,216],{"class":61},[47,154628,154629],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154630,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154632,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154634,103],{"class":102},[47,154636,106],{"class":61},[47,154638,5304],{"class":92},[47,154640,229],{"class":61},[47,154642,2403],{"class":65},[47,154644,20711],{"class":61},[47,154646,154647],{"class":114},"   # first item\n",[47,154649,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154651,103],{"class":102},[47,154653,106],{"class":61},[47,154655,5304],{"class":92},[47,154657,229],{"class":61},[47,154659,232],{"class":65},[47,154661,20711],{"class":61},[47,154663,154664],{"class":114},"   # middle item\n",[47,154666,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154668,103],{"class":102},[47,154670,106],{"class":61},[47,154672,5304],{"class":92},[47,154674,229],{"class":61},[47,154676,2306],{"class":57},[47,154678,232],{"class":65},[47,154680,20711],{"class":61},[47,154682,154683],{"class":114},"  # last item\n",[20,154685,219],{},[38,154687,154689],{"className":40,"code":154688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154690,154691,154695,154700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154692,154693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154694,50309],{"class":53},[47,154696,154697],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154698,154699],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,154701,154702],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154703,154704],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,154706,154707],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[33,154709,154711],{"id":154710},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154713,154714],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154716,318],{},[38,154718,154720],{"className":40,"code":154719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154721,154722,154754,154758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154723,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154725,1639],{"class":53},[47,154727,58],{"class":57},[47,154729,9500],{"class":61},[47,154731,633],{"class":632},[47,154733,252],{"class":636},[47,154735,633],{"class":632},[47,154737,69],{"class":61},[47,154739,644],{"class":632},[47,154741,5026],{"class":636},[47,154743,633],{"class":632},[47,154745,69],{"class":61},[47,154747,644],{"class":632},[47,154749,10004],{"class":636},[47,154751,633],{"class":632},[47,154753,216],{"class":61},[47,154755,154756],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154757,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154759,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154761,103],{"class":102},[47,154763,106],{"class":61},[47,154765,1659],{"class":92},[47,154767,229],{"class":61},[47,154769,173],{"class":65},[47,154771,2040],{"class":61},[20,154773,219],{},[38,154775,154777],{"className":40,"code":154776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154778,154779,154791,154796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154780,154781,154784,154786,154789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154782,154783],{"class":92},"Traceback ",[47,154785,106],{"class":61},[47,154787,154788],{"class":92},"most recent call last",[47,154790,8606],{"class":61},[47,154792,154793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154794,154795],{"class":34720},"  ...\n",[47,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154807],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154799,70990],{"class":882},[47,154801,136],{"class":61},[47,154803,149456],{"class":882},[47,154805,154806],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,154808,71182],{"class":102},[20,154810,154811],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[138,154813,154814,154818,154822],{},[141,154815,154816],{},[15,154817,2403],{},[141,154819,154820],{},[15,154821,232],{},[141,154823,154824],{},[15,154825,2340],{},[20,154827,154828,154829,89],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[252,154830,154831,154833],{"href":149328},[15,154832,42627],{}," on a tuple",[38,154835,154837],{"className":40,"code":154836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154838,154839,154871,154875,154891,154895,154913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154842,1639],{"class":53},[47,154844,58],{"class":57},[47,154846,9500],{"class":61},[47,154848,633],{"class":632},[47,154850,252],{"class":636},[47,154852,633],{"class":632},[47,154854,69],{"class":61},[47,154856,644],{"class":632},[47,154858,5026],{"class":636},[47,154860,633],{"class":632},[47,154862,69],{"class":61},[47,154864,644],{"class":632},[47,154866,10004],{"class":636},[47,154868,633],{"class":632},[47,154870,216],{"class":61},[47,154872,154873],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154874,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154876,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154878,103],{"class":102},[47,154880,106],{"class":61},[47,154882,969],{"class":102},[47,154884,106],{"class":61},[47,154886,1659],{"class":92},[47,154888,5628],{"class":61},[47,154890,51040],{"class":114},[47,154892,154893],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,154894,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154896,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,154898,7262],{"class":2027},[47,154900,38650],{"class":102},[47,154902,106],{"class":61},[47,154904,1659],{"class":92},[47,154906,111],{"class":61},[47,154908,38660],{"class":57},[47,154910,77],{"class":65},[47,154912,6657],{"class":61},[47,154914,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,154916,8333],{"class":102},[47,154918,106],{"class":61},[47,154920,1659],{"class":92},[47,154922,229],{"class":61},[47,154924,2340],{"class":65},[47,154926,2040],{"class":61},[20,154928,154929,154930,89],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[252,154931,25944,154933],{"href":154932},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154934,154935],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[33,154937,154939],{"id":154938},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154941,154942],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[138,154944,154945,154947],{},[141,154946,77126],{},[141,154948,154949],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154951,154952],{},"Indexing example:",[38,154954,154956],{"className":40,"code":154955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154957,154958,154982,154986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154961,54],{"class":53},[47,154963,58],{"class":57},[47,154965,9500],{"class":61},[47,154967,437],{"class":65},[47,154969,69],{"class":61},[47,154971,8054],{"class":65},[47,154973,69],{"class":61},[47,154975,8059],{"class":65},[47,154977,69],{"class":61},[47,154979,51113],{"class":65},[47,154981,216],{"class":61},[47,154983,154984],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,154985,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,154989,103],{"class":102},[47,154991,106],{"class":61},[47,154993,86],{"class":92},[47,154995,229],{"class":61},[47,154997,232],{"class":65},[47,154999,2040],{"class":61},[20,155001,219],{},[38,155003,155004],{"className":40,"code":71483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155005,155006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155007,155008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155009,71483],{"class":65},[20,155011,155012],{},"Slicing example:",[38,155014,155016],{"className":40,"code":155015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155017,155018,155042,155046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155019,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155021,54],{"class":53},[47,155023,58],{"class":57},[47,155025,9500],{"class":61},[47,155027,437],{"class":65},[47,155029,69],{"class":61},[47,155031,8054],{"class":65},[47,155033,69],{"class":61},[47,155035,8059],{"class":65},[47,155037,69],{"class":61},[47,155039,51113],{"class":65},[47,155041,216],{"class":61},[47,155043,155044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155045,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,155049,103],{"class":102},[47,155051,106],{"class":61},[47,155053,86],{"class":92},[47,155055,229],{"class":61},[47,155057,232],{"class":65},[47,155059,136],{"class":61},[47,155061,66],{"class":65},[47,155063,2040],{"class":61},[20,155065,219],{},[38,155067,155069],{"className":40,"code":155068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155070,155071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155072,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155074,106],{"class":61},[47,155076,16019],{"class":65},[47,155078,69],{"class":61},[47,155080,8059],{"class":65},[47,155082,216],{"class":61},[20,155084,155085,155086,89],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[252,155087,151007],{"href":151006},[33,155089,155091],{"id":155090},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155093,155094],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155096,155097],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155099,6952],{},[38,155101,155103],{"className":40,"code":155102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155104,155105,155137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155106,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155108,13339],{"class":53},[47,155110,58],{"class":57},[47,155112,9500],{"class":61},[47,155114,633],{"class":632},[47,155116,13356],{"class":636},[47,155118,633],{"class":632},[47,155120,69],{"class":61},[47,155122,644],{"class":632},[47,155124,17721],{"class":636},[47,155126,633],{"class":632},[47,155128,69],{"class":61},[47,155130,644],{"class":632},[47,155132,13373],{"class":636},[47,155134,633],{"class":632},[47,155136,216],{"class":61},[47,155138,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155140,103],{"class":102},[47,155142,106],{"class":61},[47,155144,17768],{"class":92},[47,155146,229],{"class":61},[47,155148,232],{"class":65},[47,155150,2040],{"class":61},[20,155152,155153],{},"But this does not work:",[38,155155,155157],{"className":40,"code":155156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155158,155159,155191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155160,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155162,13339],{"class":53},[47,155164,58],{"class":57},[47,155166,9500],{"class":61},[47,155168,633],{"class":632},[47,155170,13356],{"class":636},[47,155172,633],{"class":632},[47,155174,69],{"class":61},[47,155176,644],{"class":632},[47,155178,17721],{"class":636},[47,155180,633],{"class":632},[47,155182,69],{"class":61},[47,155184,644],{"class":632},[47,155186,13373],{"class":636},[47,155188,633],{"class":632},[47,155190,216],{"class":61},[47,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155194,17768],{"class":53},[47,155196,229],{"class":61},[47,155198,232],{"class":65},[47,155200,13537],{"class":61},[47,155202,13540],{"class":57},[47,155204,644],{"class":632},[47,155206,22790],{"class":636},[47,155208,1609],{"class":632},[20,155210,155211],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155213,155214],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[33,155216,1397],{"id":1396},[20,155218,155219],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[138,155221,155222,155228,155231,155234],{},[141,155223,132818,155224,11358,155226],{},[15,155225,232],{},[15,155227,2403],{},[141,155229,155230],{},"Using an index that is too large",[141,155232,155233],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[141,155235,155236,155237],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155238,155239],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155241,62557],{},[38,155243,155245],{"className":40,"code":155244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155246,155247,155257,155271,155285,155301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155250,103],{"class":102},[47,155252,106],{"class":61},[47,155254,148108],{"class":92},[47,155256,216],{"class":61},[47,155258,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155260,103],{"class":102},[47,155262,106],{"class":61},[47,155264,969],{"class":102},[47,155266,106],{"class":61},[47,155268,148108],{"class":92},[47,155270,1978],{"class":61},[47,155272,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,155274,103],{"class":102},[47,155276,106],{"class":61},[47,155278,148108],{"class":92},[47,155280,229],{"class":61},[47,155282,2403],{"class":65},[47,155284,2040],{"class":61},[47,155286,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,155288,103],{"class":102},[47,155290,106],{"class":61},[47,155292,148108],{"class":92},[47,155294,229],{"class":61},[47,155296,2306],{"class":57},[47,155298,232],{"class":65},[47,155300,2040],{"class":61},[47,155302,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,155304,103],{"class":102},[47,155306,106],{"class":61},[47,155308,1971],{"class":882},[47,155310,106],{"class":61},[47,155312,148108],{"class":92},[47,155314,1978],{"class":61},[20,155316,155317],{},"These can help you confirm:",[138,155319,155320,155323,155325,155328],{},[141,155321,155322],{},"what the tuple contains",[141,155324,61046],{},[141,155326,155327],{},"what the first and last items are",[141,155329,155330],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[33,155332,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,155334,155336],{"id":155335},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155338,155339,155340,89],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155341,2403],{},[1404,155343,155345],{"id":155344},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155347,118,155348,155350],{},[15,155349,66114],{}," as the index:",[38,155352,155354],{"className":40,"code":155353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155355,155356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155357,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155359,148108],{"class":53},[47,155361,229],{"class":61},[47,155363,2306],{"class":57},[47,155365,232],{"class":65},[47,155367,80],{"class":61},[1404,155369,155371],{"id":155370},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155373,155374],{},"Python raises:",[38,155376,155378],{"className":40,"code":155377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155379,155380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155381,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155383,70990],{"class":882},[47,155385,136],{"class":61},[47,155387,149456],{"class":882},[47,155389,154806],{"class":53},[47,155391,71182],{"class":102},[1404,155393,155395],{"id":155394},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155397,155398],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[33,155400,2187],{"id":2186},[138,155402,155403,155408,155412,155416,155422],{},[141,155404,155405],{},[252,155406,155407],{"href":148093},"How to create a tuple in Python",[141,155409,155410],{},[252,155411,151007],{"href":151006},[141,155413,155414],{},[252,155415,151012],{"href":149328},[141,155417,155418],{},[252,155419,26386,155420],{"href":154932},[15,155421,154935],{},[141,155423,155424],{},[252,155425,148090],{"href":148089},[2210,155427,155428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":155430},[155431,155432,155433,155434,155435,155436,155437,155438,155439,155440,155446],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":154194,"depth":83,"text":154195},{"id":154320,"depth":83,"text":154321},{"id":154458,"depth":83,"text":154459},{"id":154585,"depth":83,"text":154586},{"id":154710,"depth":83,"text":154711},{"id":154938,"depth":83,"text":154939},{"id":155090,"depth":83,"text":155091},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":155441},[155442,155443,155444,155445],{"id":155335,"depth":99,"text":155336},{"id":155344,"depth":99,"text":155345},{"id":155370,"depth":99,"text":155371},{"id":155394,"depth":99,"text":155395},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154051,"description":155447},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155453,"title":155454,"body":155455,"description":157344,"extension":2248,"meta":157345,"navigation":203,"path":157346,"seo":157347,"stem":157348,"__hash__":157349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155456,"toc":157301},[155457,155463,155468,155519,155523,155531,155537,155539,155555,155557,155560,155575,155577,155590,155592,155649,155653,155661,155668,155674,155680,155684,155735,155739,155747,155751,155780,155784,155792,155796,155829,155833,155841,155845,155848,155899,155903,155911,155913,155930,155934,155938,155997,156001,156009,156012,156039,156043,156051,156055,156061,156136,156140,156177,156185,156189,156252,156256,156264,156269,156273,156279,156322,156326,156334,156340,156343,156390,156394,156402,156411,156417,156472,156476,156484,156487,156491,156493,156524,156528,156547,156550,156595,156599,156622,156628,156633,156635,156682,156687,156690,156738,156742,156750,156754,156759,156763,156813,156817,156832,156836,156894,156898,156913,156917,156988,156992,157001,157005,157084,157088,157110,157118,157120,157123,157148,157150,157203,157205,157222,157224,157228,157234,157239,157244,157248,157253,157257,157262,157268,157271,157273,157298],[10,155458,155460,155461,111],{"id":155459},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155462,969],{},[20,155464,118,155465,155467],{},[15,155466,42627],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,155469,155471],{"className":40,"code":155470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155472,155473,155505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155476,13339],{"class":53},[47,155478,58],{"class":57},[47,155480,9500],{"class":61},[47,155482,633],{"class":632},[47,155484,13356],{"class":636},[47,155486,633],{"class":632},[47,155488,69],{"class":61},[47,155490,644],{"class":632},[47,155492,17721],{"class":636},[47,155494,633],{"class":632},[47,155496,69],{"class":61},[47,155498,644],{"class":632},[47,155500,13373],{"class":636},[47,155502,633],{"class":632},[47,155504,216],{"class":61},[47,155506,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155508,103],{"class":102},[47,155510,106],{"class":61},[47,155512,969],{"class":102},[47,155514,106],{"class":61},[47,155516,17768],{"class":92},[47,155518,1978],{"class":61},[20,155520,155521],{},[4015,155522,219],{},[38,155524,155525],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155526,155527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155528,155529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155530,46885],{"class":65},[20,155532,118,155533,155536],{},[15,155534,155535],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[33,155538,15427],{"id":15426},[138,155540,155541,155546,155550,155553],{},[141,155542,4464,155543,155545],{},[15,155544,42627],{}," works with tuples",[141,155547,68517,155548,11970],{},[15,155549,42627],{},[141,155551,155552],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[141,155554,4784],{},[33,155556,259],{"id":258},[20,155558,155559],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,155561,155563],{"className":40,"code":155562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155564,155565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155566,155567,155569,155571,155573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155568,969],{"class":102},[47,155570,106],{"class":61},[47,155572,148108],{"class":92},[47,155574,216],{"class":61},[20,155576,11722],{},[138,155578,155579,155582,155585],{},[141,155580,155581],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[141,155583,155584],{},"The result is an integer",[141,155586,155587,155589],{},[15,155588,42627],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155591,318],{},[38,155593,155595],{"className":40,"code":155594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155596,155597,155621,155635,155639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155600,54],{"class":53},[47,155602,58],{"class":57},[47,155604,9500],{"class":61},[47,155606,437],{"class":65},[47,155608,69],{"class":61},[47,155610,8054],{"class":65},[47,155612,69],{"class":61},[47,155614,8059],{"class":65},[47,155616,69],{"class":61},[47,155618,51113],{"class":65},[47,155620,216],{"class":61},[47,155622,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155624,41507],{"class":53},[47,155626,58],{"class":57},[47,155628,38650],{"class":102},[47,155630,106],{"class":61},[47,155632,86],{"class":92},[47,155634,216],{"class":61},[47,155636,155637],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,155638,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,155640,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,155642,103],{"class":102},[47,155644,106],{"class":61},[47,155646,41525],{"class":92},[47,155648,216],{"class":61},[20,155650,155651],{},[4015,155652,219],{},[38,155654,155655],{"className":40,"code":48919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155656,155657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155658,155659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155660,48919],{"class":65},[20,155662,155663,155664,89],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[252,155665,1386,155666,3785],{"href":42624},[15,155667,42627],{},[33,155669,128,155671,155673],{"id":155670},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155672,42627],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155675,155676,155677,155679],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155678,42627],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1404,155681,155683],{"id":155682},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,155685,155687],{"className":40,"code":155686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155688,155689,155721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155690,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155692,36504],{"class":53},[47,155694,58],{"class":57},[47,155696,9500],{"class":61},[47,155698,633],{"class":632},[47,155700,647],{"class":636},[47,155702,633],{"class":632},[47,155704,69],{"class":61},[47,155706,644],{"class":632},[47,155708,637],{"class":636},[47,155710,633],{"class":632},[47,155712,69],{"class":61},[47,155714,644],{"class":632},[47,155716,33488],{"class":636},[47,155718,633],{"class":632},[47,155720,216],{"class":61},[47,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155724,103],{"class":102},[47,155726,106],{"class":61},[47,155728,969],{"class":102},[47,155730,106],{"class":61},[47,155732,36556],{"class":92},[47,155734,1978],{"class":61},[20,155736,155737],{},[4015,155738,219],{},[38,155740,155741],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155742,155743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155744,155745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155746,46885],{"class":65},[1404,155748,155750],{"id":155749},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,155752,155754],{"className":40,"code":155753,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155755,155756,155765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155757,155758,155761,155763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155759,155760],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,155762,58],{"class":57},[47,155764,149432],{"class":61},[47,155766,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155778],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155768,103],{"class":102},[47,155770,106],{"class":61},[47,155772,969],{"class":102},[47,155774,106],{"class":61},[47,155776,155777],{"class":92},"empty_tuple",[47,155779,1978],{"class":61},[20,155781,155782],{},[4015,155783,219],{},[38,155785,155786],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155787,155788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155789,155790],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155791,47520],{"class":65},[1404,155793,155795],{"id":155794},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,155797,155799],{"className":40,"code":155798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155800,155801,155814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155802,155803,155806,155808,155810,155812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155804,155805],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,155807,58],{"class":57},[47,155809,9500],{"class":61},[47,155811,173],{"class":65},[47,155813,149446],{"class":61},[47,155815,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155827],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155817,103],{"class":102},[47,155819,106],{"class":61},[47,155821,969],{"class":102},[47,155823,106],{"class":61},[47,155825,155826],{"class":92},"single_value",[47,155828,1978],{"class":61},[20,155830,155831],{},[4015,155832,219],{},[38,155834,155835],{"className":40,"code":47185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155836,155837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155838,155839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155840,47185],{"class":65},[1404,155842,155844],{"id":155843},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155846,155847],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,155849,155851],{"className":40,"code":155850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155852,155853,155885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155856,9430],{"class":53},[47,155858,58],{"class":57},[47,155860,9500],{"class":61},[47,155862,232],{"class":65},[47,155864,69],{"class":61},[47,155866,9500],{"class":61},[47,155868,2340],{"class":65},[47,155870,69],{"class":61},[47,155872,442],{"class":65},[47,155874,9497],{"class":61},[47,155876,62],{"class":61},[47,155878,334],{"class":65},[47,155880,69],{"class":61},[47,155882,241],{"class":65},[47,155884,2040],{"class":61},[47,155886,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155888,103],{"class":102},[47,155890,106],{"class":61},[47,155892,969],{"class":102},[47,155894,106],{"class":61},[47,155896,9468],{"class":92},[47,155898,1978],{"class":61},[20,155900,155901],{},[4015,155902,219],{},[38,155904,155905],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155906,155907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155908,155909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155910,46885],{"class":65},[20,155912,20222],{},[138,155914,155915,155920,155925],{},[141,155916,155917,155919],{},[15,155918,232],{}," is one item",[141,155921,155922,155919],{},[15,155923,155924],{},"(2, 3)",[141,155926,155927,155919],{},[15,155928,155929],{},"[4, 5]",[33,155931,155933],{"id":155932},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1404,155935,155937],{"id":155936},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,155939,155941],{"className":40,"code":155940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155942,155943,155983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155946,13339],{"class":53},[47,155948,58],{"class":57},[47,155950,9500],{"class":61},[47,155952,633],{"class":632},[47,155954,13356],{"class":636},[47,155956,633],{"class":632},[47,155958,69],{"class":61},[47,155960,644],{"class":632},[47,155962,17721],{"class":636},[47,155964,633],{"class":632},[47,155966,69],{"class":61},[47,155968,644],{"class":632},[47,155970,13373],{"class":636},[47,155972,633],{"class":632},[47,155974,69],{"class":61},[47,155976,644],{"class":632},[47,155978,22790],{"class":636},[47,155980,633],{"class":632},[47,155982,216],{"class":61},[47,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,155986,103],{"class":102},[47,155988,106],{"class":61},[47,155990,969],{"class":102},[47,155992,106],{"class":61},[47,155994,17768],{"class":92},[47,155996,1978],{"class":61},[20,155998,155999],{},[4015,156000,219],{},[38,156002,156003],{"className":40,"code":48919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156004,156005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156006,156007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156008,48919],{"class":65},[1404,156010,155750],{"id":156011},"empty-tuple-1",[38,156013,156015],{"className":40,"code":156014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156016,156017,156025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156018,156019,156021,156023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156020,1536],{"class":53},[47,156022,58],{"class":57},[47,156024,149432],{"class":61},[47,156026,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156028,103],{"class":102},[47,156030,106],{"class":61},[47,156032,969],{"class":102},[47,156034,106],{"class":61},[47,156036,1562],{"class":92},[47,156038,1978],{"class":61},[20,156040,156041],{},[4015,156042,219],{},[38,156044,156045],{"className":40,"code":47520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156046,156047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156048,156049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156050,47520],{"class":65},[1404,156052,156054],{"id":156053},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156056,156057,156058,156060],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[4015,156059,4896],{}," always a tuple.",[38,156062,156064],{"className":40,"code":156063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156065,156066,156078,156090,156094,156108,156122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156069,2834],{"class":53},[47,156071,58],{"class":57},[47,156073,9500],{"class":61},[47,156075,173],{"class":65},[47,156077,216],{"class":61},[47,156079,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156081,2862],{"class":53},[47,156083,58],{"class":57},[47,156085,9500],{"class":61},[47,156087,173],{"class":65},[47,156089,149446],{"class":61},[47,156091,156092],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156093,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,156097,103],{"class":102},[47,156099,106],{"class":61},[47,156101,1971],{"class":882},[47,156103,106],{"class":61},[47,156105,252],{"class":92},[47,156107,1978],{"class":61},[47,156109,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,156111,103],{"class":102},[47,156113,106],{"class":61},[47,156115,1971],{"class":882},[47,156117,106],{"class":61},[47,156119,5026],{"class":92},[47,156121,1978],{"class":61},[47,156123,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,156125,103],{"class":102},[47,156127,106],{"class":61},[47,156129,969],{"class":102},[47,156131,106],{"class":61},[47,156133,5026],{"class":92},[47,156135,1978],{"class":61},[20,156137,156138],{},[4015,156139,219],{},[38,156141,156143],{"className":40,"code":156142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156144,156145,156159,156173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156148,3568],{"class":57},[47,156150,3571],{"class":2348},[47,156152,708],{"class":632},[47,156154,2471],{"class":636},[47,156156,699],{"class":632},[47,156158,3580],{"class":57},[47,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156162,3568],{"class":57},[47,156164,3571],{"class":2348},[47,156166,708],{"class":632},[47,156168,49222],{"class":636},[47,156170,699],{"class":632},[47,156172,3580],{"class":57},[47,156174,156175],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156176,47185],{"class":65},[20,156178,156179,156180,1233,156183,89],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[252,156181,156182],{"href":148093},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[252,156184,149394],{"href":149393},[1404,156186,156188],{"id":156187},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,156190,156192],{"className":40,"code":156191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156193,156194,156238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156197,59738],{"class":53},[47,156199,58],{"class":57},[47,156201,9500],{"class":61},[47,156203,633],{"class":632},[47,156205,647],{"class":636},[47,156207,633],{"class":632},[47,156209,69],{"class":61},[47,156211,62],{"class":61},[47,156213,232],{"class":65},[47,156215,69],{"class":61},[47,156217,77],{"class":65},[47,156219,18327],{"class":61},[47,156221,9500],{"class":61},[47,156223,633],{"class":632},[47,156225,2456],{"class":636},[47,156227,633],{"class":632},[47,156229,69],{"class":61},[47,156231,644],{"class":632},[47,156233,1739],{"class":636},[47,156235,633],{"class":632},[47,156237,1978],{"class":61},[47,156239,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156241,103],{"class":102},[47,156243,106],{"class":61},[47,156245,969],{"class":102},[47,156247,106],{"class":61},[47,156249,59791],{"class":92},[47,156251,1978],{"class":61},[20,156253,156254],{},[4015,156255,219],{},[38,156257,156258],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156259,156260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156261,156262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156263,46885],{"class":65},[20,156265,156266,156268],{},[15,156267,42627],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[33,156270,156272],{"id":156271},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1404,156274,156276,156278],{"id":156275},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156277,42627],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,156280,156282],{"className":40,"code":156281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156283,156284,156308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156285,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156287,625],{"class":53},[47,156289,58],{"class":57},[47,156291,9500],{"class":61},[47,156293,633],{"class":632},[47,156295,63856],{"class":636},[47,156297,633],{"class":632},[47,156299,69],{"class":61},[47,156301,644],{"class":632},[47,156303,42],{"class":636},[47,156305,633],{"class":632},[47,156307,216],{"class":61},[47,156309,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156311,103],{"class":102},[47,156313,106],{"class":61},[47,156315,969],{"class":102},[47,156317,106],{"class":61},[47,156319,665],{"class":92},[47,156321,1978],{"class":61},[20,156323,156324],{},[4015,156325,219],{},[38,156327,156328],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156329,156330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156331,156332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156333,17321],{"class":65},[20,156335,156336,156337,156339],{},"This result is ",[15,156338,2340],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156341,156342],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,156344,156346],{"className":40,"code":156345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156347,156348,156372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156351,625],{"class":53},[47,156353,58],{"class":57},[47,156355,9500],{"class":61},[47,156357,633],{"class":632},[47,156359,63856],{"class":636},[47,156361,633],{"class":632},[47,156363,69],{"class":61},[47,156365,644],{"class":632},[47,156367,42],{"class":636},[47,156369,633],{"class":632},[47,156371,216],{"class":61},[47,156373,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156375,103],{"class":102},[47,156377,106],{"class":61},[47,156379,969],{"class":102},[47,156381,106],{"class":61},[47,156383,665],{"class":92},[47,156385,229],{"class":61},[47,156387,2403],{"class":65},[47,156389,3278],{"class":61},[20,156391,156392],{},[4015,156393,219],{},[38,156395,156396],{"className":40,"code":17321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156397,156398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156399,156400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156401,17321],{"class":65},[20,156403,21036,156404,156407,156408,89],{},[15,156405,156406],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156409,156410],{},"\"hi\"",[1404,156412,156414,156416],{"id":156413},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156415,42627],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,156418,156420],{"className":40,"code":156419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156421,156422,156458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156425,4095],{"class":53},[47,156427,58],{"class":57},[47,156429,10260],{"class":61},[47,156431,232],{"class":65},[47,156433,69],{"class":61},[47,156435,77],{"class":65},[47,156437,9497],{"class":61},[47,156439,9500],{"class":61},[47,156441,66],{"class":65},[47,156443,69],{"class":61},[47,156445,402],{"class":65},[47,156447,9497],{"class":61},[47,156449,9500],{"class":61},[47,156451,173],{"class":65},[47,156453,69],{"class":61},[47,156455,37908],{"class":65},[47,156457,1978],{"class":61},[47,156459,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156461,103],{"class":102},[47,156463,106],{"class":61},[47,156465,969],{"class":102},[47,156467,106],{"class":61},[47,156469,5625],{"class":92},[47,156471,1978],{"class":61},[20,156473,156474],{},[4015,156475,219],{},[38,156477,156478],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156479,156480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156481,156482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156483,46885],{"class":65},[20,156485,156486],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1404,156488,156490],{"id":156489},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156492,1412],{},[38,156494,156496],{"className":40,"code":156495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156497,156498,156510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156499,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156501,2728],{"class":53},[47,156503,58],{"class":57},[47,156505,9500],{"class":61},[47,156507,437],{"class":65},[47,156509,216],{"class":61},[47,156511,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156513,103],{"class":102},[47,156515,106],{"class":61},[47,156517,1971],{"class":882},[47,156519,106],{"class":61},[47,156521,2753],{"class":92},[47,156523,1978],{"class":61},[20,156525,156526],{},[4015,156527,219],{},[38,156529,156531],{"className":40,"code":156530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156532,156533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156534,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156536,3568],{"class":57},[47,156538,3571],{"class":2348},[47,156540,708],{"class":632},[47,156542,2471],{"class":636},[47,156544,699],{"class":632},[47,156546,3580],{"class":57},[20,156548,156549],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,156551,156553],{"className":40,"code":156552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156554,156555,156567,156581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156556,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156558,2728],{"class":53},[47,156560,58],{"class":57},[47,156562,9500],{"class":61},[47,156564,437],{"class":65},[47,156566,149446],{"class":61},[47,156568,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156570,103],{"class":102},[47,156572,106],{"class":61},[47,156574,1971],{"class":882},[47,156576,106],{"class":61},[47,156578,2753],{"class":92},[47,156580,1978],{"class":61},[47,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156584,103],{"class":102},[47,156586,106],{"class":61},[47,156588,969],{"class":102},[47,156590,106],{"class":61},[47,156592,2753],{"class":92},[47,156594,1978],{"class":61},[20,156596,156597],{},[4015,156598,219],{},[38,156600,156602],{"className":40,"code":156601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156603,156604,156618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156605,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156607,3568],{"class":57},[47,156609,3571],{"class":2348},[47,156611,708],{"class":632},[47,156613,49222],{"class":636},[47,156615,699],{"class":632},[47,156617,3580],{"class":57},[47,156619,156620],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156621,47185],{"class":65},[1404,156623,156625,156627],{"id":156624},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156626,969],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156629,44696,156630,156632],{},[15,156631,969],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156634,44727],{},[38,156636,156638],{"className":40,"code":156637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156639,156640,156648,156668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156641,156642,156644,156646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156643,969],{"class":102},[47,156645,13540],{"class":57},[47,156647,2867],{"class":65},[47,156649,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156651,54],{"class":53},[47,156653,58],{"class":57},[47,156655,9500],{"class":61},[47,156657,232],{"class":65},[47,156659,69],{"class":61},[47,156661,77],{"class":65},[47,156663,69],{"class":61},[47,156665,442],{"class":65},[47,156667,216],{"class":61},[47,156669,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156671,103],{"class":102},[47,156673,106],{"class":61},[47,156675,969],{"class":102},[47,156677,106],{"class":61},[47,156679,86],{"class":92},[47,156681,1978],{"class":61},[20,156683,39918,156684,156686],{},[15,156685,969],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156688,156689],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,156691,156693],{"className":40,"code":156692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156694,156695,156704,156724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156696,156697,156700,156702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156698,156699],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,156701,58],{"class":57},[47,156703,2867],{"class":65},[47,156705,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156707,54],{"class":53},[47,156709,58],{"class":57},[47,156711,9500],{"class":61},[47,156713,232],{"class":65},[47,156715,69],{"class":61},[47,156717,77],{"class":65},[47,156719,69],{"class":61},[47,156721,442],{"class":65},[47,156723,216],{"class":61},[47,156725,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156727,103],{"class":102},[47,156729,106],{"class":61},[47,156731,969],{"class":102},[47,156733,106],{"class":61},[47,156735,86],{"class":92},[47,156737,1978],{"class":61},[20,156739,156740],{},[4015,156741,219],{},[38,156743,156744],{"className":40,"code":46885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156745,156746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156747,156748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156749,46885],{"class":65},[33,156751,156753],{"id":156752},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156755,156756,156758],{},[15,156757,42627],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1404,156760,156762],{"id":156761},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,156764,156766],{"className":40,"code":156765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156767,156768,156776,156780,156798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156769,156770,156772,156774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156771,1536],{"class":53},[47,156773,58],{"class":57},[47,156775,149432],{"class":61},[47,156777,156778],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156779,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156783,7262],{"class":2027},[47,156785,38650],{"class":102},[47,156787,106],{"class":61},[47,156789,1562],{"class":92},[47,156791,111],{"class":61},[47,156793,6672],{"class":57},[47,156795,4106],{"class":65},[47,156797,6657],{"class":61},[47,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156809,156811],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,156801,8333],{"class":102},[47,156803,106],{"class":61},[47,156805,633],{"class":632},[47,156807,156808],{"class":636},"The tuple is empty",[47,156810,633],{"class":632},[47,156812,216],{"class":61},[20,156814,156815],{},[4015,156816,219],{},[38,156818,156820],{"className":40,"code":156819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156821,156822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156823,156824,156826,156828,156830],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156825,956],{"class":53},[47,156827,49222],{"class":882},[47,156829,8361],{"class":57},[47,156831,8367],{"class":53},[1404,156833,156835],{"id":156834},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,156837,156839],{"className":40,"code":156838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156840,156841,156857,156861,156879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156842,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156844,51654],{"class":53},[47,156846,58],{"class":57},[47,156848,9500],{"class":61},[47,156850,334],{"class":65},[47,156852,69],{"class":61},[47,156854,343],{"class":65},[47,156856,216],{"class":61},[47,156858,156859],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156860,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,156862,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156864,7262],{"class":2027},[47,156866,38650],{"class":102},[47,156868,106],{"class":61},[47,156870,51679],{"class":92},[47,156872,111],{"class":61},[47,156874,6672],{"class":57},[47,156876,77],{"class":65},[47,156878,6657],{"class":61},[47,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156890,156892],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,156882,8333],{"class":102},[47,156884,106],{"class":61},[47,156886,633],{"class":632},[47,156888,156889],{"class":636},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156891,633],{"class":632},[47,156893,216],{"class":61},[20,156895,156896],{},[4015,156897,219],{},[38,156899,156901],{"className":40,"code":156900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156902,156903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156904,156905,156908,156910],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156906,156907],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156909,69],{"class":61},[47,156911,156912],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[1404,156914,156916],{"id":156915},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,156918,156920],{"className":40,"code":156919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156921,156922,156951,156955,156973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156923,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156947,156949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156925,11752],{"class":53},[47,156927,58],{"class":57},[47,156929,9500],{"class":61},[47,156931,633],{"class":632},[47,156933,13143],{"class":636},[47,156935,633],{"class":632},[47,156937,69],{"class":61},[47,156939,9570],{"class":65},[47,156941,69],{"class":61},[47,156943,644],{"class":632},[47,156945,156946],{"class":636},"Canada",[47,156948,633],{"class":632},[47,156950,216],{"class":61},[47,156952,156953],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,156954,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,156958,7262],{"class":2027},[47,156960,38650],{"class":102},[47,156962,106],{"class":61},[47,156964,11846],{"class":92},[47,156966,111],{"class":61},[47,156968,6672],{"class":57},[47,156970,442],{"class":65},[47,156972,6657],{"class":61},[47,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981,156984,156986],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,156976,8333],{"class":102},[47,156978,106],{"class":61},[47,156980,633],{"class":632},[47,156982,156983],{"class":636},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156985,633],{"class":632},[47,156987,216],{"class":61},[20,156989,156990],{},[4015,156991,219],{},[38,156993,156995],{"className":40,"code":156994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156996,156997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156998,156999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157000,156994],{"class":53},[1404,157002,157004],{"id":157003},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,157006,157008],{"className":40,"code":157007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157009,157010,157042,157046,157066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157011,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157013,1639],{"class":53},[47,157015,58],{"class":57},[47,157017,9500],{"class":61},[47,157019,633],{"class":632},[47,157021,252],{"class":636},[47,157023,633],{"class":632},[47,157025,69],{"class":61},[47,157027,644],{"class":632},[47,157029,5026],{"class":636},[47,157031,633],{"class":632},[47,157033,69],{"class":61},[47,157035,644],{"class":632},[47,157037,10004],{"class":636},[47,157039,633],{"class":632},[47,157041,216],{"class":61},[47,157043,157044],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157045,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157049,6224],{"class":2027},[47,157051,69807],{"class":53},[47,157053,2034],{"class":2027},[47,157055,54340],{"class":102},[47,157057,106],{"class":61},[47,157059,969],{"class":102},[47,157061,106],{"class":61},[47,157063,1659],{"class":92},[47,157065,69822],{"class":61},[47,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,157069,8333],{"class":102},[47,157071,106],{"class":61},[47,157073,36419],{"class":92},[47,157075,69],{"class":61},[47,157077,70355],{"class":92},[47,157079,229],{"class":61},[47,157081,36419],{"class":92},[47,157083,2040],{"class":61},[20,157085,157086],{},[4015,157087,219],{},[38,157089,157090],{"className":40,"code":36431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157091,157092,157098,157104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157093,157094,157096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157095,2403],{"class":65},[47,157097,36440],{"class":53},[47,157099,157100,157102],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157101,232],{"class":65},[47,157103,36447],{"class":53},[47,157105,157106,157108],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157107,2340],{"class":65},[47,157109,36454],{"class":53},[20,157111,157112,157113,157115,157116,89],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[252,157114,149763],{"href":149762},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[252,157117,151007],{"href":151006},[33,157119,1397],{"id":1396},[20,157121,157122],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[138,157124,157125,157133,157140,157145],{},[141,157126,157127,157128,11358,157131],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157129,157130],{},"(5)",[15,157132,149597],{},[141,157134,8681,157135,157137,157138],{},[15,157136,969],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157139,42627],{},[141,157141,8717,157142,157144],{},[15,157143,42627],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[141,157146,157147],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157149,32349],{},[38,157151,157153],{"className":40,"code":157152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157154,157155,157165,157179,157193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157156,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157158,103],{"class":102},[47,157160,106],{"class":61},[47,157162,148108],{"class":92},[47,157164,216],{"class":61},[47,157166,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157168,103],{"class":102},[47,157170,106],{"class":61},[47,157172,1971],{"class":882},[47,157174,106],{"class":61},[47,157176,148108],{"class":92},[47,157178,1978],{"class":61},[47,157180,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157182,103],{"class":102},[47,157184,106],{"class":61},[47,157186,969],{"class":102},[47,157188,106],{"class":61},[47,157190,148108],{"class":92},[47,157192,1978],{"class":61},[47,157194,157195,157197,157199,157201],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,157196,32419],{"class":102},[47,157198,106],{"class":61},[47,157200,969],{"class":102},[47,157202,216],{"class":61},[20,157204,155317],{},[138,157206,157207,157210,157213,157217],{},[141,157208,157209],{},"what value you are using",[141,157211,157212],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[141,157214,26283,157215,11970],{},[15,157216,42627],{},[141,157218,123481,157219,157221],{},[15,157220,42627],{}," is documented in Python",[33,157223,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,157225,157227],{"id":157226},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157229,118,157230,157233],{},[15,157231,157232],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1404,157235,2082,157237,149267],{"id":157236},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157238,42627],{},[20,157240,46633,157241,157243],{},[15,157242,42627],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1404,157245,157247],{"id":157246},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157249,157250,157251,89],{},"The length is ",[15,157252,2403],{},[1404,157254,157256],{"id":157255},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157258,150953,157259,157261],{},[15,157260,150956],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1404,157263,2082,157265,157267],{"id":157264},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157266,42627],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157269,157270],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[33,157272,2187],{"id":2186},[138,157274,157275,157281,157285,157289,157293],{},[141,157276,157277],{},[252,157278,1386,157279,3785],{"href":42624},[15,157280,42627],{},[141,157282,157283],{},[252,157284,156182],{"href":148093},[141,157286,157287],{},[252,157288,149763],{"href":149762},[141,157290,157291],{},[252,157292,151007],{"href":151006},[141,157294,157295],{},[252,157296,157297],{"href":149393},"What is a tuple in Python",[2210,157299,157300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":157302},[157303,157304,157305,157312,157318,157327,157333,157334,157343],{"id":15426,"depth":83,"text":15427},{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":155670,"depth":83,"text":157306,"children":157307},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157308,157309,157310,157311],{"id":155682,"depth":99,"text":155683},{"id":155749,"depth":99,"text":155750},{"id":155794,"depth":99,"text":155795},{"id":155843,"depth":99,"text":155844},{"id":155932,"depth":83,"text":155933,"children":157313},[157314,157315,157316,157317],{"id":155936,"depth":99,"text":155937},{"id":156011,"depth":99,"text":155750},{"id":156053,"depth":99,"text":156054},{"id":156187,"depth":99,"text":156188},{"id":156271,"depth":83,"text":156272,"children":157319},[157320,157322,157324,157325],{"id":156275,"depth":99,"text":157321},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156413,"depth":99,"text":157323},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156489,"depth":99,"text":156490},{"id":156624,"depth":99,"text":157326},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156752,"depth":83,"text":156753,"children":157328},[157329,157330,157331,157332],{"id":156761,"depth":99,"text":156762},{"id":156834,"depth":99,"text":156835},{"id":156915,"depth":99,"text":156916},{"id":157003,"depth":99,"text":157004},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":157335},[157336,157337,157339,157340,157341],{"id":157226,"depth":99,"text":157227},{"id":157236,"depth":99,"text":157338},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157246,"depth":99,"text":157247},{"id":157255,"depth":99,"text":157256},{"id":157264,"depth":99,"text":157342},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155454,"description":157344},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157351,"title":157352,"body":157353,"description":159738,"extension":2248,"meta":159739,"navigation":203,"path":159740,"seo":159741,"stem":159742,"__hash__":159743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157354,"toc":159699},[157355,157358,157361,157364,157387,157393,157395,157506,157510,157513,157523,157525,157624,157626,157703,157709,157713,157716,157739,157742,157759,157762,157764,157827,157829,157846,157857,157862,157864,157867,157873,157924,157926,157946,157950,158001,158003,158024,158028,158083,158085,158106,158110,158165,158167,158188,158192,158245,158247,158276,158278,158280,158283,158287,158344,158346,158367,158371,158424,158426,158451,158456,158460,158465,158483,158486,158549,158551,158572,158575,158636,158638,158659,158662,158705,158708,158712,158717,158721,158800,158802,158833,158837,158912,158914,158941,158945,158992,158994,159002,159007,159011,159014,159029,159031,159119,159121,159146,159149,159192,159201,159203,159206,159221,159224,159228,159282,159284,159304,159309,159313,159315,159353,159356,159406,159410,159483,159485,159522,159525,159527,159530,159550,159553,159622,159624,159637,159639,159643,159646,159650,159653,159658,159661,159667,159672,159674,159696],[10,157356,157352],{"id":157357},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157359,157360],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157362,157363],{},"Use this format:",[38,157365,157367],{"className":40,"code":157366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157368,157369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157370,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157372,49222],{"class":53},[47,157374,229],{"class":61},[47,157376,36339],{"class":53},[47,157378,136],{"class":61},[47,157380,75678],{"class":53},[47,157382,136],{"class":61},[47,157384,75681],{"class":53},[47,157386,80],{"class":61},[20,157388,956,157389,75714,157391,89],{},[15,157390,75678],{},[4015,157392,65329],{},[33,157394,36],{"id":35},[38,157396,157398],{"className":40,"code":157397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157399,157400,157428,157432,157453,157470,157487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157401,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157403,54],{"class":53},[47,157405,58],{"class":57},[47,157407,9500],{"class":61},[47,157409,437],{"class":65},[47,157411,69],{"class":61},[47,157413,8054],{"class":65},[47,157415,69],{"class":61},[47,157417,8059],{"class":65},[47,157419,69],{"class":61},[47,157421,51113],{"class":65},[47,157423,69],{"class":61},[47,157425,5346],{"class":65},[47,157427,216],{"class":61},[47,157429,157430],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157431,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157433,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157435,103],{"class":102},[47,157437,106],{"class":61},[47,157439,86],{"class":92},[47,157441,229],{"class":61},[47,157443,232],{"class":65},[47,157445,136],{"class":61},[47,157447,334],{"class":65},[47,157449,20711],{"class":61},[47,157451,157452],{"class":114},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157454,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,157456,103],{"class":102},[47,157458,106],{"class":61},[47,157460,86],{"class":92},[47,157462,75787],{"class":61},[47,157464,66],{"class":65},[47,157466,20711],{"class":61},[47,157468,157469],{"class":114},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157471,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,157473,103],{"class":102},[47,157475,106],{"class":61},[47,157477,86],{"class":92},[47,157479,74380],{"class":61},[47,157481,2340],{"class":65},[47,157483,20711],{"class":61},[47,157485,157486],{"class":114},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,157490,103],{"class":102},[47,157492,106],{"class":61},[47,157494,86],{"class":92},[47,157496,74380],{"class":61},[47,157498,2306],{"class":57},[47,157500,232],{"class":65},[47,157502,20711],{"class":61},[47,157504,157505],{"class":114},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157507,157509],{"id":157508},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157511,157512],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[138,157514,157515,157517,157520],{},[141,157516,75981],{},[141,157518,157519],{},"The result is a new tuple",[141,157521,157522],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157524,318],{},[38,157526,157528],{"className":40,"code":157527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157529,157530,157578,157582,157600,157604,157614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157531,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157533,1639],{"class":53},[47,157535,58],{"class":57},[47,157537,9500],{"class":61},[47,157539,633],{"class":632},[47,157541,252],{"class":636},[47,157543,633],{"class":632},[47,157545,69],{"class":61},[47,157547,644],{"class":632},[47,157549,5026],{"class":636},[47,157551,633],{"class":632},[47,157553,69],{"class":61},[47,157555,644],{"class":632},[47,157557,10004],{"class":636},[47,157559,633],{"class":632},[47,157561,69],{"class":61},[47,157563,644],{"class":632},[47,157565,19032],{"class":636},[47,157567,633],{"class":632},[47,157569,69],{"class":61},[47,157571,644],{"class":632},[47,157573,60712],{"class":636},[47,157575,633],{"class":632},[47,157577,216],{"class":61},[47,157579,157580],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157581,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157583,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157585,75911],{"class":53},[47,157587,58],{"class":57},[47,157589,70355],{"class":53},[47,157591,229],{"class":61},[47,157593,232],{"class":65},[47,157595,136],{"class":61},[47,157597,334],{"class":65},[47,157599,80],{"class":61},[47,157601,157602],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,157603,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157605,157606,157608,157610,157612],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,157607,103],{"class":102},[47,157609,106],{"class":61},[47,157611,75934],{"class":92},[47,157613,216],{"class":61},[47,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,157617,103],{"class":102},[47,157619,106],{"class":61},[47,157621,1659],{"class":92},[47,157623,216],{"class":61},[20,157625,219],{},[38,157627,157629],{"className":40,"code":157628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157630,157631,157659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157634,106],{"class":61},[47,157636,699],{"class":632},[47,157638,5026],{"class":636},[47,157640,699],{"class":632},[47,157642,69],{"class":61},[47,157644,708],{"class":632},[47,157646,10004],{"class":636},[47,157648,699],{"class":632},[47,157650,69],{"class":61},[47,157652,708],{"class":632},[47,157654,19032],{"class":636},[47,157656,699],{"class":632},[47,157658,216],{"class":61},[47,157660,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157662,106],{"class":61},[47,157664,699],{"class":632},[47,157666,252],{"class":636},[47,157668,699],{"class":632},[47,157670,69],{"class":61},[47,157672,708],{"class":632},[47,157674,5026],{"class":636},[47,157676,699],{"class":632},[47,157678,69],{"class":61},[47,157680,708],{"class":632},[47,157682,10004],{"class":636},[47,157684,699],{"class":632},[47,157686,69],{"class":61},[47,157688,708],{"class":632},[47,157690,19032],{"class":636},[47,157692,699],{"class":632},[47,157694,69],{"class":61},[47,157696,708],{"class":632},[47,157698,60712],{"class":636},[47,157700,699],{"class":632},[47,157702,216],{"class":61},[20,157704,157705,157706,89],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[252,157707,148090],{"href":157708},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[33,157710,157712],{"id":157711},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157714,157715],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,157717,157719],{"className":40,"code":157718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157720,157721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157722,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157724,148108],{"class":53},[47,157726,229],{"class":61},[47,157728,36339],{"class":53},[47,157730,136],{"class":61},[47,157732,75678],{"class":53},[47,157734,136],{"class":61},[47,157736,75681],{"class":53},[47,157738,80],{"class":61},[20,157740,157741],{},"Each part has a job:",[138,157743,157744,157749,157754],{},[141,157745,157746,157748],{},[15,157747,36339],{},": where slicing begins",[141,157750,157751,157753],{},[15,157752,75678],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[141,157755,157756,157758],{},[15,157757,75681],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157760,157761],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157763,318],{},[38,157765,157767],{"className":40,"code":157766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157768,157769,157801,157805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157770,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157772,54],{"class":53},[47,157774,58],{"class":57},[47,157776,9500],{"class":61},[47,157778,437],{"class":65},[47,157780,69],{"class":61},[47,157782,8054],{"class":65},[47,157784,69],{"class":61},[47,157786,8059],{"class":65},[47,157788,69],{"class":61},[47,157790,51113],{"class":65},[47,157792,69],{"class":61},[47,157794,5346],{"class":65},[47,157796,69],{"class":61},[47,157798,76351],{"class":65},[47,157800,216],{"class":61},[47,157802,157803],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157804,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157806,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157808,103],{"class":102},[47,157810,106],{"class":61},[47,157812,86],{"class":92},[47,157814,229],{"class":61},[47,157816,232],{"class":65},[47,157818,136],{"class":61},[47,157820,173],{"class":65},[47,157822,136],{"class":61},[47,157824,2340],{"class":65},[47,157826,2040],{"class":61},[20,157828,219],{},[38,157830,157832],{"className":40,"code":157831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157833,157834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157835,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157837,106],{"class":61},[47,157839,16019],{"class":65},[47,157841,69],{"class":61},[47,157843,51113],{"class":65},[47,157845,216],{"class":61},[20,157847,157848,157849,157851,157852,157854,157855,89],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157850,232],{},", stops before index ",[15,157853,173],{},", and moves by ",[15,157856,2340],{},[20,157858,157859,157860,89],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[252,157861,149763],{"href":153189},[33,157863,76268],{"id":76267},[20,157865,157866],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1404,157868,157870,157871,6231],{"id":157869},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157872,1704],{},[38,157874,157876],{"className":40,"code":157875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157877,157878,157906,157910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157879,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157881,54],{"class":53},[47,157883,58],{"class":57},[47,157885,9500],{"class":61},[47,157887,437],{"class":65},[47,157889,69],{"class":61},[47,157891,8054],{"class":65},[47,157893,69],{"class":61},[47,157895,8059],{"class":65},[47,157897,69],{"class":61},[47,157899,51113],{"class":65},[47,157901,69],{"class":61},[47,157903,5346],{"class":65},[47,157905,216],{"class":61},[47,157907,157908],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157909,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157911,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157913,103],{"class":102},[47,157915,106],{"class":61},[47,157917,86],{"class":92},[47,157919,75787],{"class":61},[47,157921,66],{"class":65},[47,157923,2040],{"class":61},[20,157925,219],{},[38,157927,157928],{"className":40,"code":151455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157929,157930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157931,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157933,106],{"class":61},[47,157935,437],{"class":65},[47,157937,69],{"class":61},[47,157939,8054],{"class":65},[47,157941,69],{"class":61},[47,157943,8059],{"class":65},[47,157945,216],{"class":61},[1404,157947,157949],{"id":157948},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,157951,157953],{"className":40,"code":157952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157954,157955,157983,157987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157956,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157958,54],{"class":53},[47,157960,58],{"class":57},[47,157962,9500],{"class":61},[47,157964,437],{"class":65},[47,157966,69],{"class":61},[47,157968,8054],{"class":65},[47,157970,69],{"class":61},[47,157972,8059],{"class":65},[47,157974,69],{"class":61},[47,157976,51113],{"class":65},[47,157978,69],{"class":61},[47,157980,5346],{"class":65},[47,157982,216],{"class":61},[47,157984,157985],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,157986,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,157988,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,157990,103],{"class":102},[47,157992,106],{"class":61},[47,157994,86],{"class":92},[47,157996,229],{"class":61},[47,157998,2340],{"class":65},[47,158000,77967],{"class":61},[20,158002,219],{},[38,158004,158006],{"className":40,"code":158005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158007,158008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158011,106],{"class":61},[47,158013,37105],{"class":65},[47,158015,69],{"class":61},[47,158017,51113],{"class":65},[47,158019,69],{"class":61},[47,158021,5346],{"class":65},[47,158023,216],{"class":61},[1404,158025,158027],{"id":158026},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,158029,158031],{"className":40,"code":158030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158032,158033,158061,158065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158034,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158036,54],{"class":53},[47,158038,58],{"class":57},[47,158040,9500],{"class":61},[47,158042,437],{"class":65},[47,158044,69],{"class":61},[47,158046,8054],{"class":65},[47,158048,69],{"class":61},[47,158050,8059],{"class":65},[47,158052,69],{"class":61},[47,158054,51113],{"class":65},[47,158056,69],{"class":61},[47,158058,5346],{"class":65},[47,158060,216],{"class":61},[47,158062,158063],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158064,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158066,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158068,103],{"class":102},[47,158070,106],{"class":61},[47,158072,86],{"class":92},[47,158074,229],{"class":61},[47,158076,232],{"class":65},[47,158078,136],{"class":61},[47,158080,334],{"class":65},[47,158082,2040],{"class":61},[20,158084,219],{},[38,158086,158088],{"className":40,"code":158087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158089,158090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158093,106],{"class":61},[47,158095,16019],{"class":65},[47,158097,69],{"class":61},[47,158099,8059],{"class":65},[47,158101,69],{"class":61},[47,158103,51113],{"class":65},[47,158105,216],{"class":61},[1404,158107,158109],{"id":158108},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,158111,158113],{"className":40,"code":158112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158114,158115,158147,158151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158116,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158118,54],{"class":53},[47,158120,58],{"class":57},[47,158122,9500],{"class":61},[47,158124,437],{"class":65},[47,158126,69],{"class":61},[47,158128,8054],{"class":65},[47,158130,69],{"class":61},[47,158132,8059],{"class":65},[47,158134,69],{"class":61},[47,158136,51113],{"class":65},[47,158138,69],{"class":61},[47,158140,5346],{"class":65},[47,158142,69],{"class":61},[47,158144,76351],{"class":65},[47,158146,216],{"class":61},[47,158148,158149],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158150,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158154,103],{"class":102},[47,158156,106],{"class":61},[47,158158,86],{"class":92},[47,158160,74380],{"class":61},[47,158162,2340],{"class":65},[47,158164,2040],{"class":61},[20,158166,219],{},[38,158168,158170],{"className":40,"code":158169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158171,158172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158175,106],{"class":61},[47,158177,437],{"class":65},[47,158179,69],{"class":61},[47,158181,8059],{"class":65},[47,158183,69],{"class":61},[47,158185,5346],{"class":65},[47,158187,216],{"class":61},[1404,158189,158191],{"id":158190},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,158193,158195],{"className":40,"code":158194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158196,158197,158225,158229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158198,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158200,54],{"class":53},[47,158202,58],{"class":57},[47,158204,9500],{"class":61},[47,158206,437],{"class":65},[47,158208,69],{"class":61},[47,158210,8054],{"class":65},[47,158212,69],{"class":61},[47,158214,8059],{"class":65},[47,158216,69],{"class":61},[47,158218,51113],{"class":65},[47,158220,69],{"class":61},[47,158222,5346],{"class":65},[47,158224,216],{"class":61},[47,158226,158227],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158228,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158230,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158232,103],{"class":102},[47,158234,106],{"class":61},[47,158236,86],{"class":92},[47,158238,74380],{"class":61},[47,158240,2306],{"class":57},[47,158242,232],{"class":65},[47,158244,2040],{"class":61},[20,158246,219],{},[38,158248,158250],{"className":40,"code":158249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158251,158252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158255,106],{"class":61},[47,158257,77045],{"class":65},[47,158259,69],{"class":61},[47,158261,51113],{"class":65},[47,158263,69],{"class":61},[47,158265,8059],{"class":65},[47,158267,69],{"class":61},[47,158269,8054],{"class":65},[47,158271,69],{"class":61},[47,158273,503],{"class":65},[47,158275,216],{"class":61},[33,158277,76561],{"id":76560},[20,158279,154462],{},[20,158281,158282],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1404,158284,158286],{"id":158285},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,158288,158290],{"className":40,"code":158289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158291,158292,158324,158328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158295,54],{"class":53},[47,158297,58],{"class":57},[47,158299,9500],{"class":61},[47,158301,437],{"class":65},[47,158303,69],{"class":61},[47,158305,8054],{"class":65},[47,158307,69],{"class":61},[47,158309,8059],{"class":65},[47,158311,69],{"class":61},[47,158313,51113],{"class":65},[47,158315,69],{"class":61},[47,158317,5346],{"class":65},[47,158319,69],{"class":61},[47,158321,76351],{"class":65},[47,158323,216],{"class":61},[47,158325,158326],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158327,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158329,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158331,103],{"class":102},[47,158333,106],{"class":61},[47,158335,86],{"class":92},[47,158337,229],{"class":61},[47,158339,2306],{"class":57},[47,158341,66],{"class":65},[47,158343,77967],{"class":61},[20,158345,219],{},[38,158347,158349],{"className":40,"code":158348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158350,158351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158352,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158354,106],{"class":61},[47,158356,56958],{"class":65},[47,158358,69],{"class":61},[47,158360,5346],{"class":65},[47,158362,69],{"class":61},[47,158364,76351],{"class":65},[47,158366,216],{"class":61},[1404,158368,158370],{"id":158369},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,158372,158374],{"className":40,"code":158373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158375,158376,158404,158408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158377,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158379,54],{"class":53},[47,158381,58],{"class":57},[47,158383,9500],{"class":61},[47,158385,437],{"class":65},[47,158387,69],{"class":61},[47,158389,8054],{"class":65},[47,158391,69],{"class":61},[47,158393,8059],{"class":65},[47,158395,69],{"class":61},[47,158397,51113],{"class":65},[47,158399,69],{"class":61},[47,158401,5346],{"class":65},[47,158403,216],{"class":61},[47,158405,158406],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158407,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158411,103],{"class":102},[47,158413,106],{"class":61},[47,158415,86],{"class":92},[47,158417,75787],{"class":61},[47,158419,2306],{"class":57},[47,158421,232],{"class":65},[47,158423,2040],{"class":61},[20,158425,219],{},[38,158427,158429],{"className":40,"code":158428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158430,158431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158434,106],{"class":61},[47,158436,437],{"class":65},[47,158438,69],{"class":61},[47,158440,8054],{"class":65},[47,158442,69],{"class":61},[47,158444,8059],{"class":65},[47,158446,69],{"class":61},[47,158448,51113],{"class":65},[47,158450,216],{"class":61},[20,158452,158453,158454,89],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[252,158455,151012],{"href":157346},[33,158457,158459],{"id":158458},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158461,956,158462,158464],{},[15,158463,75681],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[138,158466,158467,158469,158471,158477],{},[141,158468,76817],{},[141,158470,76820],{},[141,158472,158473,158476],{},[15,158474,158475],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[141,158478,158479,158480,158482],{},"A step of ",[15,158481,2403],{}," is not allowed",[20,158484,158485],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,158487,158489],{"className":40,"code":158488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158490,158491,158523,158527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158492,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158494,54],{"class":53},[47,158496,58],{"class":57},[47,158498,9500],{"class":61},[47,158500,437],{"class":65},[47,158502,69],{"class":61},[47,158504,8054],{"class":65},[47,158506,69],{"class":61},[47,158508,8059],{"class":65},[47,158510,69],{"class":61},[47,158512,51113],{"class":65},[47,158514,69],{"class":61},[47,158516,5346],{"class":65},[47,158518,69],{"class":61},[47,158520,76351],{"class":65},[47,158522,216],{"class":61},[47,158524,158525],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158526,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158528,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158530,103],{"class":102},[47,158532,106],{"class":61},[47,158534,86],{"class":92},[47,158536,229],{"class":61},[47,158538,232],{"class":65},[47,158540,136],{"class":61},[47,158542,80695],{"class":65},[47,158544,136],{"class":61},[47,158546,2340],{"class":65},[47,158548,2040],{"class":61},[20,158550,219],{},[38,158552,158554],{"className":40,"code":158553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158555,158556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158557,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158559,106],{"class":61},[47,158561,16019],{"class":65},[47,158563,69],{"class":61},[47,158565,51113],{"class":65},[47,158567,69],{"class":61},[47,158569,76351],{"class":65},[47,158571,216],{"class":61},[20,158573,158574],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,158576,158578],{"className":40,"code":158577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158579,158580,158608,158612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158581,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158583,54],{"class":53},[47,158585,58],{"class":57},[47,158587,9500],{"class":61},[47,158589,437],{"class":65},[47,158591,69],{"class":61},[47,158593,8054],{"class":65},[47,158595,69],{"class":61},[47,158597,8059],{"class":65},[47,158599,69],{"class":61},[47,158601,51113],{"class":65},[47,158603,69],{"class":61},[47,158605,5346],{"class":65},[47,158607,216],{"class":61},[47,158609,158610],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158611,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158615,103],{"class":102},[47,158617,106],{"class":61},[47,158619,86],{"class":92},[47,158621,229],{"class":61},[47,158623,334],{"class":65},[47,158625,136],{"class":61},[47,158627,232],{"class":65},[47,158629,136],{"class":61},[47,158631,2306],{"class":57},[47,158633,232],{"class":65},[47,158635,2040],{"class":61},[20,158637,219],{},[38,158639,158641],{"className":40,"code":158640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158642,158643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158644,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158646,106],{"class":61},[47,158648,77045],{"class":65},[47,158650,69],{"class":61},[47,158652,51113],{"class":65},[47,158654,69],{"class":61},[47,158656,8059],{"class":65},[47,158658,216],{"class":61},[20,158660,158661],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,158663,158665],{"className":40,"code":158664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158666,158667,158687,158691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158668,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158670,54],{"class":53},[47,158672,58],{"class":57},[47,158674,9500],{"class":61},[47,158676,437],{"class":65},[47,158678,69],{"class":61},[47,158680,8054],{"class":65},[47,158682,69],{"class":61},[47,158684,8059],{"class":65},[47,158686,216],{"class":61},[47,158688,158689],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158690,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158692,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158694,103],{"class":102},[47,158696,106],{"class":61},[47,158698,86],{"class":92},[47,158700,74380],{"class":61},[47,158702,2403],{"class":65},[47,158704,2040],{"class":61},[20,158706,158707],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[33,158709,158711],{"id":158710},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158713,158714,158715,34008],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[4015,158716,49222],{},[1404,158718,158720],{"id":158719},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,158722,158724],{"className":40,"code":158723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158725,158726,158750,158754,158772,158776,158786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158727,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158729,54],{"class":53},[47,158731,58],{"class":57},[47,158733,9500],{"class":61},[47,158735,437],{"class":65},[47,158737,69],{"class":61},[47,158739,8054],{"class":65},[47,158741,69],{"class":61},[47,158743,8059],{"class":65},[47,158745,69],{"class":61},[47,158747,51113],{"class":65},[47,158749,216],{"class":61},[47,158751,158752],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158753,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158757,1442],{"class":53},[47,158759,58],{"class":57},[47,158761,1447],{"class":53},[47,158763,229],{"class":61},[47,158765,232],{"class":65},[47,158767,136],{"class":61},[47,158769,66],{"class":65},[47,158771,80],{"class":61},[47,158773,158774],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,158775,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,158779,103],{"class":102},[47,158781,106],{"class":61},[47,158783,1466],{"class":92},[47,158785,216],{"class":61},[47,158787,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,158789,103],{"class":102},[47,158791,106],{"class":61},[47,158793,1971],{"class":882},[47,158795,106],{"class":61},[47,158797,1466],{"class":92},[47,158799,1978],{"class":61},[20,158801,219],{},[38,158803,158805],{"className":40,"code":158804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158806,158807,158819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158810,106],{"class":61},[47,158812,16019],{"class":65},[47,158814,69],{"class":61},[47,158816,8059],{"class":65},[47,158818,216],{"class":61},[47,158820,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158822,3568],{"class":57},[47,158824,3571],{"class":2348},[47,158826,708],{"class":632},[47,158828,49222],{"class":636},[47,158830,699],{"class":632},[47,158832,3580],{"class":57},[1404,158834,158836],{"id":158835},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,158838,158840],{"className":40,"code":158839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158841,158842,158862,158866,158884,158888,158898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158843,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158845,54],{"class":53},[47,158847,58],{"class":57},[47,158849,9500],{"class":61},[47,158851,437],{"class":65},[47,158853,69],{"class":61},[47,158855,8054],{"class":65},[47,158857,69],{"class":61},[47,158859,8059],{"class":65},[47,158861,216],{"class":61},[47,158863,158864],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158865,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158867,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158869,1442],{"class":53},[47,158871,58],{"class":57},[47,158873,1447],{"class":53},[47,158875,229],{"class":61},[47,158877,232],{"class":65},[47,158879,136],{"class":61},[47,158881,2340],{"class":65},[47,158883,80],{"class":61},[47,158885,158886],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,158887,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158889,158890,158892,158894,158896],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,158891,103],{"class":102},[47,158893,106],{"class":61},[47,158895,1466],{"class":92},[47,158897,216],{"class":61},[47,158899,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,158901,103],{"class":102},[47,158903,106],{"class":61},[47,158905,1971],{"class":882},[47,158907,106],{"class":61},[47,158909,1466],{"class":92},[47,158911,1978],{"class":61},[20,158913,219],{},[38,158915,158917],{"className":40,"code":158916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158918,158919,158927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158920,158921,158923,158925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158922,106],{"class":61},[47,158924,16019],{"class":65},[47,158926,149446],{"class":61},[47,158928,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158930,3568],{"class":57},[47,158932,3571],{"class":2348},[47,158934,708],{"class":632},[47,158936,49222],{"class":636},[47,158938,699],{"class":632},[47,158940,3580],{"class":57},[1404,158942,158944],{"id":158943},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,158946,158948],{"className":40,"code":158947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158949,158950,158970,158974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158953,54],{"class":53},[47,158955,58],{"class":57},[47,158957,9500],{"class":61},[47,158959,437],{"class":65},[47,158961,69],{"class":61},[47,158963,8054],{"class":65},[47,158965,69],{"class":61},[47,158967,8059],{"class":65},[47,158969,216],{"class":61},[47,158971,158972],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,158973,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,158975,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,158977,103],{"class":102},[47,158979,106],{"class":61},[47,158981,86],{"class":92},[47,158983,229],{"class":61},[47,158985,173],{"class":65},[47,158987,136],{"class":61},[47,158989,2627],{"class":65},[47,158991,2040],{"class":61},[20,158993,219],{},[38,158995,158996],{"className":40,"code":96,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158997,158998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158999,159000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159001,96],{"class":61},[20,159003,159004,159005,89],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[252,159006,156182],{"href":151069},[33,159008,159010],{"id":159009},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159012,159013],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[138,159015,159016,159018,159021,159026],{},[141,159017,77126],{},[141,159019,159020],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[141,159022,159023,159024],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159025,70990],{},[141,159027,159028],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159030,318],{},[38,159032,159034],{"className":40,"code":159033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159035,159036,159056,159060,159077,159098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159037,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159039,54],{"class":53},[47,159041,58],{"class":57},[47,159043,9500],{"class":61},[47,159045,437],{"class":65},[47,159047,69],{"class":61},[47,159049,8054],{"class":65},[47,159051,69],{"class":61},[47,159053,8059],{"class":65},[47,159055,216],{"class":61},[47,159057,159058],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159059,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159061,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159063,103],{"class":102},[47,159065,106],{"class":61},[47,159067,86],{"class":92},[47,159069,229],{"class":61},[47,159071,232],{"class":65},[47,159073,20711],{"class":61},[47,159075,159076],{"class":114},"    # one item\n",[47,159078,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,159080,103],{"class":102},[47,159082,106],{"class":61},[47,159084,86],{"class":92},[47,159086,229],{"class":61},[47,159088,232],{"class":65},[47,159090,136],{"class":61},[47,159092,173],{"class":65},[47,159094,20711],{"class":61},[47,159096,159097],{"class":114},"  # slice\n",[47,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,159101,103],{"class":102},[47,159103,106],{"class":61},[47,159105,86],{"class":92},[47,159107,229],{"class":61},[47,159109,173],{"class":65},[47,159111,136],{"class":61},[47,159113,2627],{"class":65},[47,159115,20711],{"class":61},[47,159117,159118],{"class":114},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159120,219],{},[38,159122,159124],{"className":40,"code":159123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159125,159126,159130,159142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159127,159128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159129,71483],{"class":65},[47,159131,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159133,106],{"class":61},[47,159135,16019],{"class":65},[47,159137,69],{"class":61},[47,159139,8059],{"class":65},[47,159141,216],{"class":61},[47,159143,159144],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159145,96],{"class":61},[20,159147,159148],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,159150,159152],{"className":40,"code":159151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159153,159154,159174,159178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159157,54],{"class":53},[47,159159,58],{"class":57},[47,159161,9500],{"class":61},[47,159163,437],{"class":65},[47,159165,69],{"class":61},[47,159167,8054],{"class":65},[47,159169,69],{"class":61},[47,159171,8059],{"class":65},[47,159173,216],{"class":61},[47,159175,159176],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159177,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159179,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159181,103],{"class":102},[47,159183,106],{"class":61},[47,159185,86],{"class":92},[47,159187,229],{"class":61},[47,159189,173],{"class":65},[47,159191,2040],{"class":61},[20,159193,159194,159195,159197,159198,89],{},"This raises an ",[15,159196,70990],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[252,159199,154935],{"href":159200},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[33,159202,15441],{"id":77393},[20,159204,159205],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[138,159207,159208,159211,159213,159216],{},[141,159209,159210],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[141,159212,60956],{},[141,159214,159215],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[141,159217,159218,159219],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159220,2403],{},[20,159222,159223],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1404,159225,159227],{"id":159226},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,159229,159230],{"className":40,"code":158030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159231,159232,159260,159264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159235,54],{"class":53},[47,159237,58],{"class":57},[47,159239,9500],{"class":61},[47,159241,437],{"class":65},[47,159243,69],{"class":61},[47,159245,8054],{"class":65},[47,159247,69],{"class":61},[47,159249,8059],{"class":65},[47,159251,69],{"class":61},[47,159253,51113],{"class":65},[47,159255,69],{"class":61},[47,159257,5346],{"class":65},[47,159259,216],{"class":61},[47,159261,159262],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159263,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159265,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159267,103],{"class":102},[47,159269,106],{"class":61},[47,159271,86],{"class":92},[47,159273,229],{"class":61},[47,159275,232],{"class":65},[47,159277,136],{"class":61},[47,159279,334],{"class":65},[47,159281,2040],{"class":61},[20,159283,219],{},[38,159285,159286],{"className":40,"code":158087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159287,159288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159291,106],{"class":61},[47,159293,16019],{"class":65},[47,159295,69],{"class":61},[47,159297,8059],{"class":65},[47,159299,69],{"class":61},[47,159301,51113],{"class":65},[47,159303,216],{"class":61},[20,159305,132514,159306,159308],{},[15,159307,334],{}," is not included.",[1404,159310,159312],{"id":159311},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159314,4791],{},[38,159316,159318],{"className":40,"code":159317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159319,159320,159344,159348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159321,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159323,54],{"class":53},[47,159325,58],{"class":57},[47,159327,9500],{"class":61},[47,159329,437],{"class":65},[47,159331,69],{"class":61},[47,159333,8054],{"class":65},[47,159335,69],{"class":61},[47,159337,8059],{"class":65},[47,159339,69],{"class":61},[47,159341,51113],{"class":65},[47,159343,216],{"class":61},[47,159345,159346],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159347,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159349,159350],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159351,159352],{"class":114},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159354,159355],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,159357,159358],{"className":40,"code":155015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159359,159360,159384,159388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159361,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159363,54],{"class":53},[47,159365,58],{"class":57},[47,159367,9500],{"class":61},[47,159369,437],{"class":65},[47,159371,69],{"class":61},[47,159373,8054],{"class":65},[47,159375,69],{"class":61},[47,159377,8059],{"class":65},[47,159379,69],{"class":61},[47,159381,51113],{"class":65},[47,159383,216],{"class":61},[47,159385,159386],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159387,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159389,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402,159404],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159391,103],{"class":102},[47,159393,106],{"class":61},[47,159395,86],{"class":92},[47,159397,229],{"class":61},[47,159399,232],{"class":65},[47,159401,136],{"class":61},[47,159403,66],{"class":65},[47,159405,2040],{"class":61},[1404,159407,159409],{"id":159408},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,159411,159413],{"className":40,"code":159412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159414,159415,159439,159443,159458,159462,159473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159418,54],{"class":53},[47,159420,58],{"class":57},[47,159422,9500],{"class":61},[47,159424,437],{"class":65},[47,159426,69],{"class":61},[47,159428,8054],{"class":65},[47,159430,69],{"class":61},[47,159432,8059],{"class":65},[47,159434,69],{"class":61},[47,159436,51113],{"class":65},[47,159438,216],{"class":61},[47,159440,159441],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159442,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159444,159445,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159446,159447],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159449,58],{"class":57},[47,159451,1447],{"class":53},[47,159453,75787],{"class":61},[47,159455,2340],{"class":65},[47,159457,80],{"class":61},[47,159459,159460],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,159461,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159463,159464,159466,159468,159471],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,159465,103],{"class":102},[47,159467,106],{"class":61},[47,159469,159470],{"class":92},"slice_result",[47,159472,216],{"class":61},[47,159474,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,159476,103],{"class":102},[47,159478,106],{"class":61},[47,159480,86],{"class":92},[47,159482,216],{"class":61},[20,159484,219],{},[38,159486,159488],{"className":40,"code":159487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159489,159490,159502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159491,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159493,106],{"class":61},[47,159495,437],{"class":65},[47,159497,69],{"class":61},[47,159499,8054],{"class":65},[47,159501,216],{"class":61},[47,159503,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159505,106],{"class":61},[47,159507,437],{"class":65},[47,159509,69],{"class":61},[47,159511,8054],{"class":65},[47,159513,69],{"class":61},[47,159515,8059],{"class":65},[47,159517,69],{"class":61},[47,159519,51113],{"class":65},[47,159521,216],{"class":61},[20,159523,159524],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[33,159526,113828],{"id":113827},[20,159528,159529],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[138,159531,159532,159535,159538,159544,159547],{},[141,159533,159534],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[141,159536,159537],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[141,159539,159540,159541],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159542,159543],{},"tuple[::0]",[141,159545,159546],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[141,159548,159549],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159551,159552],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,159554,159556],{"className":40,"code":159555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159557,159558,159568,159586,159608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159559,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159561,103],{"class":102},[47,159563,106],{"class":61},[47,159565,148108],{"class":92},[47,159567,216],{"class":61},[47,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159571,103],{"class":102},[47,159573,106],{"class":61},[47,159575,148108],{"class":92},[47,159577,229],{"class":61},[47,159579,232],{"class":65},[47,159581,136],{"class":61},[47,159583,334],{"class":65},[47,159585,2040],{"class":61},[47,159587,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159589,103],{"class":102},[47,159591,106],{"class":61},[47,159593,1971],{"class":882},[47,159595,106],{"class":61},[47,159597,148108],{"class":92},[47,159599,229],{"class":61},[47,159601,232],{"class":65},[47,159603,136],{"class":61},[47,159605,334],{"class":65},[47,159607,3278],{"class":61},[47,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,159611,103],{"class":102},[47,159613,106],{"class":61},[47,159615,969],{"class":102},[47,159617,106],{"class":61},[47,159619,148108],{"class":92},[47,159621,1978],{"class":61},[20,159623,2043],{},[138,159625,159626,159628,159631,159634],{},[141,159627,155322],{},[141,159629,159630],{},"what the slice actually returns",[141,159632,159633],{},"that the result is a tuple",[141,159635,159636],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[33,159638,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,159640,159642],{"id":159641},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159644,159645],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1404,159647,159649],{"id":159648},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159651,159652],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1404,159654,5408,159656,40225],{"id":159655},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159657,158475],{},[20,159659,159660],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1404,159662,159664,159665,2099],{"id":159663},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159666,70990],{},[20,159668,159669,159670,89],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159671,70990],{},[33,159673,2187],{"id":2186},[138,159675,159676,159680,159684,159688,159692],{},[141,159677,159678],{},[252,159679,156182],{"href":151069},[141,159681,159682],{},[252,159683,149763],{"href":153189},[141,159685,159686],{},[252,159687,151012],{"href":157346},[141,159689,159690],{},[252,159691,148090],{"href":157708},[141,159693,159694],{},[252,159695,154935],{"href":159200},[2210,159697,159698],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":159700},[159701,159702,159703,159704,159712,159716,159717,159722,159723,159728,159729,159737],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":157508,"depth":83,"text":157509},{"id":157711,"depth":83,"text":157712},{"id":76267,"depth":83,"text":76268,"children":159705},[159706,159708,159709,159710,159711],{"id":157869,"depth":99,"text":159707},"Get the first n items",{"id":157948,"depth":99,"text":157949},{"id":158026,"depth":99,"text":158027},{"id":158108,"depth":99,"text":158109},{"id":158190,"depth":99,"text":158191},{"id":76560,"depth":83,"text":76561,"children":159713},[159714,159715],{"id":158285,"depth":99,"text":158286},{"id":158369,"depth":99,"text":158370},{"id":158458,"depth":83,"text":158459},{"id":158710,"depth":83,"text":158711,"children":159718},[159719,159720,159721],{"id":158719,"depth":99,"text":158720},{"id":158835,"depth":99,"text":158836},{"id":158943,"depth":99,"text":158944},{"id":159009,"depth":83,"text":159010},{"id":77393,"depth":83,"text":15441,"children":159724},[159725,159726,159727],{"id":159226,"depth":99,"text":159227},{"id":159311,"depth":99,"text":159312},{"id":159408,"depth":99,"text":159409},{"id":113827,"depth":83,"text":113828},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":159730},[159731,159732,159733,159735],{"id":159641,"depth":99,"text":159642},{"id":159648,"depth":99,"text":159649},{"id":159655,"depth":99,"text":159734},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159663,"depth":99,"text":159736},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157352,"description":159738},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159745,"title":159746,"body":159747,"description":161570,"extension":2248,"meta":161571,"navigation":203,"path":35073,"seo":161572,"stem":161573,"__hash__":161574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159748,"toc":161536},[159749,159754,159759,159763,159781,159784,159799,159805,159807,159864,159866,159898,159910,159916,159921,159924,159959,159965,159967,159970,159984,159987,159989,160012,160014,160032,160035,160051,160053,160056,160169,160171,160260,160263,160268,160274,160277,160280,160379,160381,160440,160445,160448,160517,160521,160553,160569,160574,160581,160588,160600,160602,160651,160653,160676,160682,160730,160735,160742,160750,160756,160759,160783,160786,160788,160864,160866,160891,160897,160900,160905,160909,160923,160925,160988,160990,161022,161025,161041,161043,161049,161056,161058,161077,161079,161097,161104,161109,161116,161118,161155,161158,161165,161169,161172,161230,161233,161236,161291,161293,161305,161311,161313,161317,161350,161357,161359,161422,161425,161427,161432,161446,161453,161461,161470,161479,161485,161491,161493,161533],[10,159750,1386,159752,3855],{"id":159751},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159753,2584],{},[20,159755,32584,159756,159758],{},[15,159757,2584],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159760,63028,159761,104672],{},[15,159762,2584],{},[138,159764,159765,159768,159771,159774],{},[141,159766,159767],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[141,159769,159770],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[141,159772,159773],{},"debug confusing code",[141,159775,159776,159777],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[252,159778,159779],{"href":8484},[15,159780,3238],{},[20,159782,159783],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,159785,159787],{"className":40,"code":159786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,159788,159789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159792,1971],{"class":882},[47,159794,106],{"class":61},[47,159796,42665],{"class":882},[47,159798,216],{"class":61},[20,159800,159801,159802,159804],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159803,2584],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[33,159806,3884],{"id":3883},[38,159808,159810],{"className":40,"code":159809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159811,159812,159824,159838,159842,159850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159815,8140],{"class":53},[47,159817,58],{"class":57},[47,159819,644],{"class":632},[47,159821,5270],{"class":636},[47,159823,1609],{"class":632},[47,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159827,103],{"class":102},[47,159829,106],{"class":61},[47,159831,1971],{"class":882},[47,159833,106],{"class":61},[47,159835,7932],{"class":92},[47,159837,1978],{"class":61},[47,159839,159840],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,159841,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,159843,159844,159846,159848],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,159845,2500],{"class":53},[47,159847,58],{"class":57},[47,159849,2867],{"class":65},[47,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,159853,103],{"class":102},[47,159855,106],{"class":61},[47,159857,1971],{"class":882},[47,159859,106],{"class":61},[47,159861,2522],{"class":92},[47,159863,1978],{"class":61},[20,159865,219],{},[38,159867,159868],{"className":40,"code":125175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159869,159870,159884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159871,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159873,3568],{"class":57},[47,159875,3571],{"class":2348},[47,159877,708],{"class":632},[47,159879,883],{"class":636},[47,159881,699],{"class":632},[47,159883,3580],{"class":57},[47,159885,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,159887,3568],{"class":57},[47,159889,3571],{"class":2348},[47,159891,708],{"class":632},[47,159893,2471],{"class":636},[47,159895,699],{"class":632},[47,159897,3580],{"class":57},[20,159899,118,159900,159903,159904,1233,159907,89],{},[15,159901,159902],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159905,159906],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159908,159909],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[33,159911,13259,159913,159915],{"id":159912},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159914,2584],{}," function does",[20,159917,159918,159920],{},[15,159919,2584],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159922,159923],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[138,159925,159926,159931,159936,159941,159946,159951],{},[141,159927,159928,159930],{},[15,159929,883],{}," for text",[141,159932,159933,159935],{},[15,159934,2471],{}," for whole numbers",[141,159937,159938,159940],{},[15,159939,2475],{}," for decimal numbers",[141,159942,159943,159945],{},[15,159944,8358],{}," for lists",[141,159947,159948,159950],{},[15,159949,9085],{}," for dictionaries",[141,159952,159953,69354,159955,1233,159957],{},[15,159954,4140],{},[15,159956,367],{},[15,159958,294],{},[20,159960,159961,159962,159964],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159963,2584],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[33,159966,259],{"id":258},[20,159968,159969],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,159971,159972],{"className":40,"code":159786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159973,159974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159977,1971],{"class":882},[47,159979,106],{"class":61},[47,159981,42665],{"class":882},[47,159983,216],{"class":61},[20,159985,159986],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159988,318],{},[38,159990,159992],{"className":40,"code":159991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159993,159994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159995,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159997,103],{"class":102},[47,159999,106],{"class":61},[47,160001,1971],{"class":882},[47,160003,106],{"class":61},[47,160005,633],{"class":632},[47,160007,4118],{"class":636},[47,160009,633],{"class":632},[47,160011,1978],{"class":61},[20,160013,219],{},[38,160015,160016],{"className":40,"code":46038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160017,160018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160019,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160021,3568],{"class":57},[47,160023,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160025,708],{"class":632},[47,160027,883],{"class":636},[47,160029,699],{"class":632},[47,160031,3580],{"class":57},[20,160033,160034],{},"You can pass either:",[138,160036,160037,160044],{},[141,160038,160039,160040,3158,160042],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160041,64794],{},[15,160043,46794],{},[141,160045,160046,160047,3158,160049],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160048,7932],{},[15,160050,9563],{},[33,160052,121987],{"id":121986},[20,160054,160055],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,160057,160059],{"className":40,"code":160058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160060,160061,160079,160093,160107,160129,160155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160064,103],{"class":102},[47,160066,106],{"class":61},[47,160068,1971],{"class":882},[47,160070,106],{"class":61},[47,160072,633],{"class":632},[47,160074,4118],{"class":636},[47,160076,633],{"class":632},[47,160078,1978],{"class":61},[47,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160082,103],{"class":102},[47,160084,106],{"class":61},[47,160086,1971],{"class":882},[47,160088,106],{"class":61},[47,160090,437],{"class":65},[47,160092,1978],{"class":61},[47,160094,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160096,103],{"class":102},[47,160098,106],{"class":61},[47,160100,1971],{"class":882},[47,160102,106],{"class":61},[47,160104,40408],{"class":65},[47,160106,1978],{"class":61},[47,160108,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160110,103],{"class":102},[47,160112,106],{"class":61},[47,160114,1971],{"class":882},[47,160116,2015],{"class":61},[47,160118,232],{"class":65},[47,160120,69],{"class":61},[47,160122,77],{"class":65},[47,160124,69],{"class":61},[47,160126,442],{"class":65},[47,160128,3278],{"class":61},[47,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,160132,103],{"class":102},[47,160134,106],{"class":61},[47,160136,1971],{"class":882},[47,160138,5796],{"class":61},[47,160140,633],{"class":632},[47,160142,7932],{"class":636},[47,160144,633],{"class":632},[47,160146,136],{"class":61},[47,160148,644],{"class":632},[47,160150,5270],{"class":636},[47,160152,633],{"class":632},[47,160154,5805],{"class":61},[47,160156,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,160158,103],{"class":102},[47,160160,106],{"class":61},[47,160162,1971],{"class":882},[47,160164,106],{"class":61},[47,160166,367],{"class":284},[47,160168,1978],{"class":61},[20,160170,219],{},[38,160172,160174],{"className":40,"code":160173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160175,160176,160190,160204,160218,160232,160246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160177,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160179,3568],{"class":57},[47,160181,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160183,708],{"class":632},[47,160185,883],{"class":636},[47,160187,699],{"class":632},[47,160189,3580],{"class":57},[47,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160193,3568],{"class":57},[47,160195,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160197,708],{"class":632},[47,160199,2471],{"class":636},[47,160201,699],{"class":632},[47,160203,3580],{"class":57},[47,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160207,3568],{"class":57},[47,160209,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160211,708],{"class":632},[47,160213,2475],{"class":636},[47,160215,699],{"class":632},[47,160217,3580],{"class":57},[47,160219,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160221,3568],{"class":57},[47,160223,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160225,708],{"class":632},[47,160227,8358],{"class":636},[47,160229,699],{"class":632},[47,160231,3580],{"class":57},[47,160233,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,160235,3568],{"class":57},[47,160237,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160239,708],{"class":632},[47,160241,9085],{"class":636},[47,160243,699],{"class":632},[47,160245,3580],{"class":57},[47,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,160249,3568],{"class":57},[47,160251,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160253,708],{"class":632},[47,160255,4140],{"class":636},[47,160257,699],{"class":632},[47,160259,3580],{"class":57},[20,160261,160262],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160264,160265,160266,89],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[252,160267,45065],{"href":49247},[33,160269,8681,160271,160273],{"id":160270},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160272,2584],{}," with variables",[20,160275,160276],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160278,160279],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,160281,160283],{"className":40,"code":160282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160284,160285,160293,160311,160315,160327,160345,160349,160361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160286,160287,160289,160291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160288,2728],{"class":53},[47,160290,58],{"class":57},[47,160292,2867],{"class":65},[47,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160296,103],{"class":102},[47,160298,106],{"class":61},[47,160300,2753],{"class":92},[47,160302,69],{"class":61},[47,160304,49659],{"class":882},[47,160306,106],{"class":61},[47,160308,2753],{"class":92},[47,160310,1978],{"class":61},[47,160312,160313],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160314,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160316,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160318,2728],{"class":53},[47,160320,58],{"class":57},[47,160322,644],{"class":632},[47,160324,46175],{"class":636},[47,160326,1609],{"class":632},[47,160328,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,160330,103],{"class":102},[47,160332,106],{"class":61},[47,160334,2753],{"class":92},[47,160336,69],{"class":61},[47,160338,49659],{"class":882},[47,160340,106],{"class":61},[47,160342,2753],{"class":92},[47,160344,1978],{"class":61},[47,160346,160347],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,160348,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160350,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,160352,2728],{"class":53},[47,160354,58],{"class":57},[47,160356,62],{"class":61},[47,160358,437],{"class":65},[47,160360,80],{"class":61},[47,160362,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":49,"line":6690},[47,160364,103],{"class":102},[47,160366,106],{"class":61},[47,160368,2753],{"class":92},[47,160370,69],{"class":61},[47,160372,49659],{"class":882},[47,160374,106],{"class":61},[47,160376,2753],{"class":92},[47,160378,1978],{"class":61},[20,160380,219],{},[38,160382,160384],{"className":40,"code":160383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160385,160386,160403,160420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160387,160388,160390,160393,160395,160397,160399,160401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160389,437],{"class":65},[47,160391,160392],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160394,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160396,708],{"class":632},[47,160398,2471],{"class":636},[47,160400,699],{"class":632},[47,160402,3580],{"class":57},[47,160404,160405,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160406,160407],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160409,3568],{"class":57},[47,160411,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160413,708],{"class":632},[47,160415,883],{"class":636},[47,160417,699],{"class":632},[47,160419,3580],{"class":57},[47,160421,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160423,229],{"class":61},[47,160425,437],{"class":65},[47,160427,13537],{"class":61},[47,160429,160392],{"class":57},[47,160431,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160433,708],{"class":632},[47,160435,8358],{"class":636},[47,160437,699],{"class":632},[47,160439,3580],{"class":57},[20,160441,160442,160444],{},[15,160443,2584],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160446,160447],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,160449,160451],{"className":40,"code":160450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160452,160453,160471,160485,160489,160503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160456,3668],{"class":53},[47,160458,58],{"class":57},[47,160460,8507],{"class":102},[47,160462,106],{"class":61},[47,160464,633],{"class":632},[47,160466,42137],{"class":636},[47,160468,633],{"class":632},[47,160470,216],{"class":61},[47,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160474,103],{"class":102},[47,160476,106],{"class":61},[47,160478,1971],{"class":882},[47,160480,106],{"class":61},[47,160482,3694],{"class":92},[47,160484,1978],{"class":61},[47,160486,160487],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160488,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160492,123099],{"class":53},[47,160494,58],{"class":57},[47,160496,45544],{"class":882},[47,160498,106],{"class":61},[47,160500,3694],{"class":92},[47,160502,216],{"class":61},[47,160504,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160515],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,160506,103],{"class":102},[47,160508,106],{"class":61},[47,160510,1971],{"class":882},[47,160512,106],{"class":61},[47,160514,123122],{"class":92},[47,160516,1978],{"class":61},[20,160518,41386,160519,41390],{},[15,160520,9457],{},[38,160522,160523],{"className":40,"code":125175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160524,160525,160539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160526,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160528,3568],{"class":57},[47,160530,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160532,708],{"class":632},[47,160534,883],{"class":636},[47,160536,699],{"class":632},[47,160538,3580],{"class":57},[47,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160542,3568],{"class":57},[47,160544,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160546,708],{"class":632},[47,160548,2471],{"class":636},[47,160550,699],{"class":632},[47,160552,3580],{"class":57},[20,160554,45971,160555,160559,160560,3158,160564,160568],{},[252,160556,160557],{"href":8484},[15,160558,3238],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[252,160561,160562],{"href":3154},[15,160563,3157],{},[252,160565,160566],{"href":3161},[15,160567,3164],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160570,160571,160572,89],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[252,160573,9245],{"href":9244},[33,160575,160577,1225,160579],{"id":160576},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160578,2584],{},[15,160580,45073],{},[20,160582,160583,1233,160585,160587],{},[15,160584,2584],{},[15,160586,45073],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[138,160589,160590,160595],{},[141,160591,160592,160594],{},[15,160593,2584],{}," tells you the exact type",[141,160596,160597,160599],{},[15,160598,45073],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160601,318],{},[38,160603,160605],{"className":40,"code":160604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160606,160607,160615,160619,160633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160608,160609,160611,160613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160610,2728],{"class":53},[47,160612,58],{"class":57},[47,160614,35107],{"class":65},[47,160616,160617],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160618,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160620,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160622,103],{"class":102},[47,160624,106],{"class":61},[47,160626,1971],{"class":882},[47,160628,106],{"class":61},[47,160630,2753],{"class":92},[47,160632,1978],{"class":61},[47,160634,160635,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160636,103],{"class":102},[47,160638,106],{"class":61},[47,160640,49144],{"class":102},[47,160642,106],{"class":61},[47,160644,2753],{"class":92},[47,160646,69],{"class":61},[47,160648,45544],{"class":882},[47,160650,1978],{"class":61},[20,160652,219],{},[38,160654,160656],{"className":40,"code":160655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160657,160658,160672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160659,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160661,3568],{"class":57},[47,160663,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160665,708],{"class":632},[47,160667,2471],{"class":636},[47,160669,699],{"class":632},[47,160671,3580],{"class":57},[47,160673,160674],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160675,4249],{"class":284},[20,160677,160678,160679,160681],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160680,45073],{}," is more practical.",[38,160683,160685],{"className":40,"code":160684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160686,160687,160695,160699,160715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160688,160689,160691,160693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160690,2728],{"class":53},[47,160692,58],{"class":57},[47,160694,35107],{"class":65},[47,160696,160697],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160698,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160700,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160702,7262],{"class":2027},[47,160704,49882],{"class":102},[47,160706,106],{"class":61},[47,160708,2753],{"class":92},[47,160710,69],{"class":61},[47,160712,45544],{"class":882},[47,160714,8606],{"class":61},[47,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160726,160728],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160718,8333],{"class":102},[47,160720,106],{"class":61},[47,160722,633],{"class":632},[47,160724,160725],{"class":636},"This is an integer",[47,160727,633],{"class":632},[47,160729,216],{"class":61},[20,160731,118,160732,160734],{},[15,160733,2584],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160736,118,160737,160739,160740,7437],{},[15,160738,45073],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160741,7262],{},[20,160743,160744,160745,89],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[252,160746,1386,160748,3785],{"href":160747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160749,45073],{},[33,160751,160753,160754],{"id":160752},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160755,2584],{},[20,160757,160758],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,160760,160762],{"className":40,"code":160761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160763,160764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160765,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160777,160779,160781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160767,1971],{"class":882},[47,160769,106],{"class":61},[47,160771,7932],{"class":92},[47,160773,69],{"class":61},[47,160775,160776],{"class":92}," bases",[47,160778,69],{"class":61},[47,160780,9435],{"class":882},[47,160782,216],{"class":61},[20,160784,160785],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160787,318],{},[38,160789,160791],{"className":40,"code":160790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160792,160793,160836,160840,160850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160794,160795,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806,160809,160811,160813,160816,160818,160820,160823,160825,160827,160829,160832,160834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160796,160797],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,160799,58],{"class":57},[47,160801,49659],{"class":882},[47,160803,106],{"class":61},[47,160805,633],{"class":632},[47,160807,160808],{"class":636},"Person",[47,160810,633],{"class":632},[47,160812,69],{"class":61},[47,160814,160815],{"class":61}," (),",[47,160817,10756],{"class":61},[47,160819,633],{"class":632},[47,160821,160822],{"class":636},"species",[47,160824,633],{"class":632},[47,160826,136],{"class":61},[47,160828,644],{"class":632},[47,160830,160831],{"class":636},"human",[47,160833,633],{"class":632},[47,160835,30762],{"class":61},[47,160837,160838],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160839,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160843,103],{"class":102},[47,160845,106],{"class":61},[47,160847,160808],{"class":92},[47,160849,216],{"class":61},[47,160851,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160853,103],{"class":102},[47,160855,106],{"class":61},[47,160857,160808],{"class":92},[47,160859,89],{"class":61},[47,160861,160822],{"class":888},[47,160863,216],{"class":61},[20,160865,219],{},[38,160867,160869],{"className":40,"code":160868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160870,160871,160886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160872,160873,160875,160877,160879,160882,160884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160874,3568],{"class":57},[47,160876,3571],{"class":2348},[47,160878,708],{"class":632},[47,160880,160881],{"class":636},"__main__.Person",[47,160883,699],{"class":632},[47,160885,3580],{"class":57},[47,160887,160888],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160889,160890],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,160892,160893,160894,160896],{},"Most beginners do ",[4015,160895,4896],{}," need this form.",[20,160898,160899],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[33,160901,5227,160903],{"id":160902},"when-to-use-type",[15,160904,2584],{},[20,160906,160907,12708],{},[15,160908,2584],{},[138,160910,160911,160914,160917,160920],{},[141,160912,160913],{},"debug unexpected values",[141,160915,160916],{},"check what a conversion produced",[141,160918,160919],{},"learn Python data types",[141,160921,160922],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160924,5739],{},[38,160926,160928],{"className":40,"code":160927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160929,160930,160942,160956,160960,160974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160931,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160933,1600],{"class":53},[47,160935,58],{"class":57},[47,160937,644],{"class":632},[47,160939,50515],{"class":636},[47,160941,1609],{"class":632},[47,160943,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,160945,2500],{"class":53},[47,160947,58],{"class":57},[47,160949,45544],{"class":882},[47,160951,106],{"class":61},[47,160953,1614],{"class":92},[47,160955,216],{"class":61},[47,160957,160958],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,160959,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,160963,103],{"class":102},[47,160965,106],{"class":61},[47,160967,1971],{"class":882},[47,160969,106],{"class":61},[47,160971,1614],{"class":92},[47,160973,1978],{"class":61},[47,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,160977,103],{"class":102},[47,160979,106],{"class":61},[47,160981,1971],{"class":882},[47,160983,106],{"class":61},[47,160985,2522],{"class":92},[47,160987,1978],{"class":61},[20,160989,219],{},[38,160991,160992],{"className":40,"code":125175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160993,160994,161008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160995,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160997,3568],{"class":57},[47,160999,3571],{"class":2348},[47,161001,708],{"class":632},[47,161003,883],{"class":636},[47,161005,699],{"class":632},[47,161007,3580],{"class":57},[47,161009,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161011,3568],{"class":57},[47,161013,3571],{"class":2348},[47,161015,708],{"class":632},[47,161017,2471],{"class":636},[47,161019,699],{"class":632},[47,161021,3580],{"class":57},[20,161023,161024],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161026,161027,161028,2472,161032,17337,161036,161040],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[252,161029,161030],{"href":42441},[15,161031,47952],{},[252,161033,161034],{"href":3154},[15,161035,3157],{},[252,161037,161038],{"href":3161},[15,161039,3164],{}," are often the next step.",[33,161042,25622],{"id":25621},[20,161044,161045,161046,161048],{},"A few things about ",[15,161047,2584],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1404,161050,161052,161055],{"id":161051},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161053,161054],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161057,64903],{},[38,161059,161061],{"className":40,"code":161060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161062,161063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161064,161065,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161066,103],{"class":102},[47,161068,106],{"class":61},[47,161070,1971],{"class":882},[47,161072,106],{"class":61},[47,161074,173],{"class":65},[47,161076,1978],{"class":61},[20,161078,123018],{},[38,161080,161081],{"className":40,"code":156530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161082,161083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161086,3568],{"class":57},[47,161088,3571],{"class":2348},[47,161090,708],{"class":632},[47,161092,2471],{"class":636},[47,161094,699],{"class":632},[47,161096,3580],{"class":57},[20,161098,41171,161099,161101,161102,89],{},[4015,161100,4896],{}," print just ",[15,161103,2471],{},[20,161105,6941,161106,161108],{},[15,161107,2584],{}," returns a class object.",[1404,161110,161112,2057,161114],{"id":161111},"input-returns-str",[15,161113,3238],{},[15,161115,883],{},[20,161117,1837],{},[38,161119,161121],{"className":40,"code":161120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161122,161123,161141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161124,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161126,2728],{"class":53},[47,161128,58],{"class":57},[47,161130,8507],{"class":102},[47,161132,106],{"class":61},[47,161134,633],{"class":632},[47,161136,46578],{"class":636},[47,161138,633],{"class":632},[47,161140,216],{"class":61},[47,161142,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161144,103],{"class":102},[47,161146,106],{"class":61},[47,161148,1971],{"class":882},[47,161150,106],{"class":61},[47,161152,2753],{"class":92},[47,161154,1978],{"class":61},[20,161156,161157],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161159,161160,161161,3158,161163,89],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161162,3157],{},[15,161164,3164],{},[1404,161166,161168],{"id":161167},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161170,161171],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,161173,161175],{"className":40,"code":161174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161176,161177,161185,161189,161215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161178,161179,161181,161183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161180,2728],{"class":53},[47,161182,58],{"class":57},[47,161184,35107],{"class":65},[47,161186,161187],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161188,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,161190,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161192,7262],{"class":2027},[47,161194,49173],{"class":882},[47,161196,106],{"class":61},[47,161198,1971],{"class":882},[47,161200,106],{"class":61},[47,161202,2753],{"class":92},[47,161204,5628],{"class":61},[47,161206,6672],{"class":57},[47,161208,644],{"class":632},[47,161210,159909],{"class":636},[47,161212,633],{"class":632},[47,161214,6657],{"class":61},[47,161216,161217,161219,161221,161223,161226,161228],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,161218,8333],{"class":102},[47,161220,106],{"class":61},[47,161222,633],{"class":632},[47,161224,161225],{"class":636},"It is an int",[47,161227,633],{"class":632},[47,161229,216],{"class":61},[20,161231,161232],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161234,161235],{},"Better options:",[38,161237,161239],{"className":40,"code":161238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161240,161241,161249,161253,161273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161242,161243,161245,161247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161244,2728],{"class":53},[47,161246,58],{"class":57},[47,161248,35107],{"class":65},[47,161250,161251],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161252,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,161254,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161256,103],{"class":102},[47,161258,106],{"class":61},[47,161260,1971],{"class":882},[47,161262,106],{"class":61},[47,161264,2753],{"class":92},[47,161266,111],{"class":61},[47,161268,6672],{"class":57},[47,161270,45544],{"class":882},[47,161272,216],{"class":61},[47,161274,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,161276,103],{"class":102},[47,161278,106],{"class":61},[47,161280,49144],{"class":102},[47,161282,106],{"class":61},[47,161284,2753],{"class":92},[47,161286,69],{"class":61},[47,161288,45544],{"class":882},[47,161290,1978],{"class":61},[20,161292,219],{},[38,161294,161295],{"className":40,"code":4770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161296,161297,161301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161298,161299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161300,4249],{"class":284},[47,161302,161303],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161304,4249],{"class":284},[20,161306,161307,161308,161310],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161309,45073],{}," is the more useful check.",[33,161312,1397],{"id":1396},[20,161314,14998,161315,136],{},[15,161316,2584],{},[138,161318,161319,161329,161338,161347],{},[141,161320,8681,161321,161323,161324,161328],{},[15,161322,2584],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[252,161325,161326],{"href":8484},[15,161327,3238],{}," always returns a string",[141,161330,8717,161331,161333,161334,11358,161336],{},[15,161332,2584],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161335,2471],{},[15,161337,159909],{},[141,161339,8681,161340,44897,161343,161346],{},[15,161341,161342],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161344,161345],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[141,161348,161349],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161351,161352,161353,89],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[252,161354,161356],{"href":161355},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161358,144684],{},[38,161360,161362],{"className":40,"code":161361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161363,161364,161378,161388,161402,161412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161365,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161367,103],{"class":102},[47,161369,106],{"class":61},[47,161371,1971],{"class":882},[47,161373,106],{"class":61},[47,161375,2753],{"class":92},[47,161377,1978],{"class":61},[47,161379,161380,161382,161384,161386],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161381,103],{"class":102},[47,161383,106],{"class":61},[47,161385,2753],{"class":92},[47,161387,216],{"class":61},[47,161389,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161391,103],{"class":102},[47,161393,106],{"class":61},[47,161395,42045],{"class":102},[47,161397,106],{"class":61},[47,161399,2753],{"class":92},[47,161401,1978],{"class":61},[47,161403,161404,161406,161408,161410],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,161405,32419],{"class":102},[47,161407,106],{"class":61},[47,161409,1971],{"class":882},[47,161411,216],{"class":61},[47,161413,161414,161416,161418,161420],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,161415,34639],{"class":102},[47,161417,106],{"class":61},[47,161419,2753],{"class":92},[47,161421,216],{"class":61},[20,161423,161424],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[33,161426,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,161428,5408,161430,5411],{"id":161429},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161431,2584],{},[20,161433,161434,161435,2472,161437,2472,161439,2476,161441,161443,161444,89],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161436,883],{},[15,161438,2471],{},[15,161440,8358],{},[15,161442,9085],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161445,159906],{},[1404,161447,15167,161449,57471,161451,2099],{"id":161448},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161450,2584],{},[15,161452,45073],{},[20,161454,46633,161455,161457,161458,161460],{},[15,161456,2584],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161459,45073],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1404,161462,5424,161464,161467,161468,2099],{"id":161463},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161465,161466],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161469,883],{},[20,161471,29326,161472,161474,161475,3158,161477,160568],{},[15,161473,3238],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161476,3157],{},[15,161478,3164],{},[1404,161480,5436,161482,161484],{"id":161481},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161483,2584],{}," create classes?",[20,161486,161487,161488,89],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161489,161490],{},"type(object)",[33,161492,2187],{"id":2186},[138,161494,161495,161499,161505,161511,161515,161521,161527],{},[141,161496,161497],{},[252,161498,45065],{"href":49247},[141,161500,161501],{},[252,161502,1386,161503,3785],{"href":160747},[15,161504,45073],{},[141,161506,161507],{},[252,161508,1386,161509,3785],{"href":8484},[15,161510,3238],{},[141,161512,161513],{},[252,161514,9322],{"href":9244},[141,161516,161517],{},[252,161518,1386,161519,3785],{"href":3154},[15,161520,3157],{},[141,161522,161523],{},[252,161524,1386,161525,3785],{"href":3161},[15,161526,3164],{},[141,161528,161529],{},[252,161530,1386,161531,3785],{"href":42441},[15,161532,47952],{},[2210,161534,161535],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":161537},[161538,161539,161541,161542,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161558,161559,161569],{"id":3883,"depth":83,"text":3884},{"id":159912,"depth":83,"text":161540},"What the type() function does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":121986,"depth":83,"text":121987},{"id":160270,"depth":83,"text":161544},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160576,"depth":83,"text":161546},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160752,"depth":83,"text":161548},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160902,"depth":83,"text":161550},"When to use type()",{"id":25621,"depth":83,"text":25622,"children":161552},[161553,161555,161557],{"id":161051,"depth":99,"text":161554},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161111,"depth":99,"text":161556},"input() returns str",{"id":161167,"depth":99,"text":161168},{"id":1396,"depth":83,"text":1397},{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":161560},[161561,161563,161565,161567],{"id":161429,"depth":99,"text":161562},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161448,"depth":99,"text":161564},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161463,"depth":99,"text":161566},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161481,"depth":99,"text":161568},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159746,"description":161570},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161576,"title":161577,"body":161578,"description":164057,"extension":2248,"meta":164058,"navigation":203,"path":164059,"seo":164060,"stem":164061,"__hash__":164062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161579,"toc":164014},[161580,161585,161590,161599,161601,161701,161703,161728,161733,161738,161754,161757,161759,161761,161786,161789,161792,161875,161877,161926,161929,162051,162053,162126,162130,162133,162247,162249,162275,162277,162298,162303,162307,162312,162315,162419,162421,162438,162447,162450,162537,162539,162550,162555,162561,162566,162572,162575,162668,162670,162719,162725,162728,162829,162831,162884,162889,162893,162896,162995,162997,163036,163039,163044,163046,163051,163055,163168,163172,163269,163273,163361,163363,163380,163384,163507,163513,163519,163525,163530,163533,163560,163564,163566,163660,163663,163667,163670,163757,163760,163795,163797,163834,163837,163845,163850,163855,163929,163936,163938,163943,163946,163952,163955,163961,163966,163972,163977,163981,163984,163986,164011],[10,161581,1386,161583,3855],{"id":161582},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161584,64579],{},[20,161586,161587,161589],{},[15,161588,64579],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161591,161592,161593,161595,161596,161598],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161594,64579],{}," inside a ",[15,161597,6224],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[33,161600,36],{"id":35},[38,161602,161604],{"className":40,"code":161603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161605,161606,161638,161658,161662,161687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161607,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161609,5261],{"class":53},[47,161611,58],{"class":57},[47,161613,62],{"class":61},[47,161615,633],{"class":632},[47,161617,13143],{"class":636},[47,161619,633],{"class":632},[47,161621,69],{"class":61},[47,161623,644],{"class":632},[47,161625,36207],{"class":636},[47,161627,633],{"class":632},[47,161629,69],{"class":61},[47,161631,644],{"class":632},[47,161633,36216],{"class":636},[47,161635,633],{"class":632},[47,161637,80],{"class":61},[47,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161641,5329],{"class":53},[47,161643,58],{"class":57},[47,161645,62],{"class":61},[47,161647,13766],{"class":65},[47,161649,69],{"class":61},[47,161651,13771],{"class":65},[47,161653,69],{"class":61},[47,161655,29185],{"class":65},[47,161657,80],{"class":61},[47,161659,161660],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161661,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,161663,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,161665,6224],{"class":2027},[47,161667,36258],{"class":53},[47,161669,69],{"class":61},[47,161671,5371],{"class":53},[47,161673,2034],{"class":2027},[47,161675,161676],{"class":102}," zip",[47,161678,106],{"class":61},[47,161680,5304],{"class":92},[47,161682,69],{"class":61},[47,161684,5376],{"class":92},[47,161686,8606],{"class":61},[47,161688,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,161690,8333],{"class":102},[47,161692,106],{"class":61},[47,161694,7932],{"class":92},[47,161696,69],{"class":61},[47,161698,130964],{"class":92},[47,161700,216],{"class":61},[20,161702,219],{},[38,161704,161706],{"className":40,"code":161705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161707,161708,161714,161721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161709,161710,161712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161711,133983],{"class":53},[47,161713,33403],{"class":65},[47,161715,161716,161719],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161717,161718],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,161720,33408],{"class":65},[47,161722,161723,161726],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161724,161725],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,161727,33413],{"class":65},[20,161729,118,161730,161732],{},[15,161731,64579],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[33,161734,128,161736,131],{"id":161735},"what-zip-does",[15,161737,64579],{},[138,161739,161740,161745,161748,161751],{},[141,161741,161742,161744],{},[15,161743,64579],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[141,161746,161747],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[141,161749,161750],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[141,161752,161753],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161755,161756],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[33,161758,259],{"id":258},[20,161760,7482],{},[38,161762,161764],{"className":40,"code":161763,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161765,161766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161767,161768,161770,161772,161775,161777,161780,161782,161784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161769,64649],{"class":102},[47,161771,106],{"class":61},[47,161773,161774],{"class":92},"iterable1",[47,161776,69],{"class":61},[47,161778,161779],{"class":92}," iterable2",[47,161781,69],{"class":61},[47,161783,34721],{"class":102},[47,161785,216],{"class":61},[20,161787,161788],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161790,161791],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,161793,161795],{"className":40,"code":161794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161796,161797,161817,161849,161853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161800,54],{"class":53},[47,161802,58],{"class":57},[47,161804,62],{"class":61},[47,161806,232],{"class":65},[47,161808,69],{"class":61},[47,161810,77],{"class":65},[47,161812,69],{"class":61},[47,161814,442],{"class":65},[47,161816,80],{"class":61},[47,161818,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161820,1639],{"class":53},[47,161822,58],{"class":57},[47,161824,62],{"class":61},[47,161826,633],{"class":632},[47,161828,252],{"class":636},[47,161830,633],{"class":632},[47,161832,69],{"class":61},[47,161834,644],{"class":632},[47,161836,5026],{"class":636},[47,161838,633],{"class":632},[47,161840,69],{"class":61},[47,161842,644],{"class":632},[47,161844,10004],{"class":636},[47,161846,633],{"class":632},[47,161848,80],{"class":61},[47,161850,161851],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161852,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,161854,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,161856,103],{"class":102},[47,161858,106],{"class":61},[47,161860,8358],{"class":882},[47,161862,106],{"class":61},[47,161864,64649],{"class":102},[47,161866,106],{"class":61},[47,161868,86],{"class":92},[47,161870,69],{"class":61},[47,161872,70355],{"class":92},[47,161874,3192],{"class":61},[20,161876,219],{},[38,161878,161880],{"className":40,"code":161879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161881,161882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161883,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161885,22006],{"class":61},[47,161887,232],{"class":65},[47,161889,69],{"class":61},[47,161891,708],{"class":632},[47,161893,252],{"class":636},[47,161895,699],{"class":632},[47,161897,9497],{"class":61},[47,161899,9500],{"class":61},[47,161901,2340],{"class":65},[47,161903,69],{"class":61},[47,161905,708],{"class":632},[47,161907,5026],{"class":636},[47,161909,699],{"class":632},[47,161911,9497],{"class":61},[47,161913,9500],{"class":61},[47,161915,66],{"class":65},[47,161917,69],{"class":61},[47,161919,708],{"class":632},[47,161921,10004],{"class":636},[47,161923,699],{"class":632},[47,161925,9513],{"class":61},[20,161927,161928],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,161930,161932],{"className":40,"code":161931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161933,161934,161966,161986,162020,162024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161935,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161937,5261],{"class":53},[47,161939,58],{"class":57},[47,161941,62],{"class":61},[47,161943,633],{"class":632},[47,161945,13143],{"class":636},[47,161947,633],{"class":632},[47,161949,69],{"class":61},[47,161951,644],{"class":632},[47,161953,36207],{"class":636},[47,161955,633],{"class":632},[47,161957,69],{"class":61},[47,161959,644],{"class":632},[47,161961,36216],{"class":636},[47,161963,633],{"class":632},[47,161965,80],{"class":61},[47,161967,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,161969,5329],{"class":53},[47,161971,58],{"class":57},[47,161973,62],{"class":61},[47,161975,13766],{"class":65},[47,161977,69],{"class":61},[47,161979,13771],{"class":65},[47,161981,69],{"class":61},[47,161983,29185],{"class":65},[47,161985,80],{"class":61},[47,161987,161988,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162016,162018],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,161989,161990],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161992,58],{"class":57},[47,161994,62],{"class":61},[47,161996,633],{"class":632},[47,161998,22511],{"class":636},[47,162000,633],{"class":632},[47,162002,69],{"class":61},[47,162004,644],{"class":632},[47,162006,30866],{"class":636},[47,162008,633],{"class":632},[47,162010,69],{"class":61},[47,162012,644],{"class":632},[47,162014,162015],{"class":636},"B+",[47,162017,633],{"class":632},[47,162019,80],{"class":61},[47,162021,162022],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162023,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162025,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162049],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162027,103],{"class":102},[47,162029,106],{"class":61},[47,162031,8358],{"class":882},[47,162033,106],{"class":61},[47,162035,64649],{"class":102},[47,162037,106],{"class":61},[47,162039,5304],{"class":92},[47,162041,69],{"class":61},[47,162043,5376],{"class":92},[47,162045,69],{"class":61},[47,162047,162048],{"class":92}," grades",[47,162050,3192],{"class":61},[20,162052,219],{},[38,162054,162056],{"className":40,"code":162055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162057,162058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162059,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162061,22006],{"class":61},[47,162063,699],{"class":632},[47,162065,13143],{"class":636},[47,162067,699],{"class":632},[47,162069,69],{"class":61},[47,162071,20163],{"class":65},[47,162073,69],{"class":61},[47,162075,708],{"class":632},[47,162077,22511],{"class":636},[47,162079,699],{"class":632},[47,162081,9497],{"class":61},[47,162083,9500],{"class":61},[47,162085,699],{"class":632},[47,162087,36207],{"class":636},[47,162089,699],{"class":632},[47,162091,69],{"class":61},[47,162093,13771],{"class":65},[47,162095,69],{"class":61},[47,162097,708],{"class":632},[47,162099,30866],{"class":636},[47,162101,699],{"class":632},[47,162103,9497],{"class":61},[47,162105,9500],{"class":61},[47,162107,699],{"class":632},[47,162109,36216],{"class":636},[47,162111,699],{"class":632},[47,162113,69],{"class":61},[47,162115,29185],{"class":65},[47,162117,69],{"class":61},[47,162119,708],{"class":632},[47,162121,162015],{"class":636},[47,162123,699],{"class":632},[47,162125,9513],{"class":61},[33,162127,162129],{"id":162128},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162131,162132],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,162134,162136],{"className":40,"code":162135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162137,162138,162170,162190,162194,162218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162139,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162141,5261],{"class":53},[47,162143,58],{"class":57},[47,162145,62],{"class":61},[47,162147,633],{"class":632},[47,162149,13143],{"class":636},[47,162151,633],{"class":632},[47,162153,69],{"class":61},[47,162155,644],{"class":632},[47,162157,36207],{"class":636},[47,162159,633],{"class":632},[47,162161,69],{"class":61},[47,162163,644],{"class":632},[47,162165,36216],{"class":636},[47,162167,633],{"class":632},[47,162169,80],{"class":61},[47,162171,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162173,5329],{"class":53},[47,162175,58],{"class":57},[47,162177,62],{"class":61},[47,162179,13766],{"class":65},[47,162181,69],{"class":61},[47,162183,13771],{"class":65},[47,162185,69],{"class":61},[47,162187,29185],{"class":65},[47,162189,80],{"class":61},[47,162191,162192],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162193,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162197,6224],{"class":2027},[47,162199,36258],{"class":53},[47,162201,69],{"class":61},[47,162203,5371],{"class":53},[47,162205,2034],{"class":2027},[47,162207,161676],{"class":102},[47,162209,106],{"class":61},[47,162211,5304],{"class":92},[47,162213,69],{"class":61},[47,162215,5376],{"class":92},[47,162217,8606],{"class":61},[47,162219,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162221,8333],{"class":102},[47,162223,106],{"class":61},[47,162225,22560],{"class":2348},[47,162227,633],{"class":636},[47,162229,9542],{"class":65},[47,162231,7932],{"class":92},[47,162233,22569],{"class":65},[47,162235,162236],{"class":636}," scored ",[47,162238,9542],{"class":65},[47,162240,85621],{"class":92},[47,162242,22569],{"class":65},[47,162244,633],{"class":636},[47,162246,216],{"class":61},[20,162248,219],{},[38,162250,162252],{"className":40,"code":162251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162253,162254,162261,162268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162255,162256,162259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162257,162258],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,162260,33403],{"class":65},[47,162262,162263,162266],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162264,162265],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,162267,33408],{"class":65},[47,162269,162270,162273],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162271,162272],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,162274,33413],{"class":65},[20,162276,45198],{},[138,162278,162279,162288,162291],{},[141,162280,162281,162284,162285],{},[15,162282,162283],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162286,162287],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[141,162289,162290],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[141,162292,162293,1233,162295,162297],{},[15,162294,7932],{},[15,162296,85621],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162299,162300,162301,89],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[252,162302,69872],{"href":69871},[33,162304,162306],{"id":162305},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162308,162309,162311],{},[15,162310,64579],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162313,162314],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,162316,162318],{"className":40,"code":162317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162319,162320,162361,162377,162381,162405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162321,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162357,162359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162323,5261],{"class":53},[47,162325,58],{"class":57},[47,162327,62],{"class":61},[47,162329,633],{"class":632},[47,162331,13143],{"class":636},[47,162333,633],{"class":632},[47,162335,69],{"class":61},[47,162337,644],{"class":632},[47,162339,36207],{"class":636},[47,162341,633],{"class":632},[47,162343,69],{"class":61},[47,162345,644],{"class":632},[47,162347,36216],{"class":636},[47,162349,633],{"class":632},[47,162351,69],{"class":61},[47,162353,644],{"class":632},[47,162355,162356],{"class":636},"Dan",[47,162358,633],{"class":632},[47,162360,80],{"class":61},[47,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162364,5329],{"class":53},[47,162366,58],{"class":57},[47,162368,62],{"class":61},[47,162370,13766],{"class":65},[47,162372,69],{"class":61},[47,162374,13771],{"class":65},[47,162376,80],{"class":61},[47,162378,162379],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162380,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162382,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162384,6224],{"class":2027},[47,162386,36258],{"class":53},[47,162388,69],{"class":61},[47,162390,5371],{"class":53},[47,162392,2034],{"class":2027},[47,162394,161676],{"class":102},[47,162396,106],{"class":61},[47,162398,5304],{"class":92},[47,162400,69],{"class":61},[47,162402,5376],{"class":92},[47,162404,8606],{"class":61},[47,162406,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162408,8333],{"class":102},[47,162410,106],{"class":61},[47,162412,7932],{"class":92},[47,162414,69],{"class":61},[47,162416,130964],{"class":92},[47,162418,216],{"class":61},[20,162420,219],{},[38,162422,162424],{"className":40,"code":162423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162425,162426,162432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162427,162428,162430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162429,133983],{"class":53},[47,162431,33403],{"class":65},[47,162433,162434,162436],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162435,161718],{"class":53},[47,162437,33408],{"class":65},[20,162439,2568,162440,1233,162443,162446],{},[15,162441,162442],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162444,162445],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162448,162449],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,162451,162453],{"className":40,"code":162452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162454,162455,162495,162511,162515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162458,5261],{"class":53},[47,162460,58],{"class":57},[47,162462,62],{"class":61},[47,162464,633],{"class":632},[47,162466,13143],{"class":636},[47,162468,633],{"class":632},[47,162470,69],{"class":61},[47,162472,644],{"class":632},[47,162474,36207],{"class":636},[47,162476,633],{"class":632},[47,162478,69],{"class":61},[47,162480,644],{"class":632},[47,162482,36216],{"class":636},[47,162484,633],{"class":632},[47,162486,69],{"class":61},[47,162488,644],{"class":632},[47,162490,162356],{"class":636},[47,162492,633],{"class":632},[47,162494,80],{"class":61},[47,162496,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162498,5329],{"class":53},[47,162500,58],{"class":57},[47,162502,62],{"class":61},[47,162504,13766],{"class":65},[47,162506,69],{"class":61},[47,162508,13771],{"class":65},[47,162510,80],{"class":61},[47,162512,162513],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162514,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162518,103],{"class":102},[47,162520,106],{"class":61},[47,162522,969],{"class":102},[47,162524,106],{"class":61},[47,162526,5304],{"class":92},[47,162528,9497],{"class":61},[47,162530,38650],{"class":102},[47,162532,106],{"class":61},[47,162534,16654],{"class":92},[47,162536,1978],{"class":61},[20,162538,219],{},[38,162540,162542],{"className":40,"code":162541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,162543,162544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162545,162546,162548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162547,334],{"class":65},[47,162549,45857],{"class":65},[20,162551,162552,162553,89],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162554,64579],{},[33,162556,92212,162558,162560],{"id":162557},"converting-zip-output",[15,162559,64579],{}," output",[20,162562,29326,162563,162565],{},[15,162564,64579],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1404,162567,118,162569],{"id":162568},"use-listzip",[15,162570,162571],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162573,162574],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,162576,162578],{"className":40,"code":162577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162579,162580,162612,162632,162636,162658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162581,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162583,5261],{"class":53},[47,162585,58],{"class":57},[47,162587,62],{"class":61},[47,162589,633],{"class":632},[47,162591,13143],{"class":636},[47,162593,633],{"class":632},[47,162595,69],{"class":61},[47,162597,644],{"class":632},[47,162599,36207],{"class":636},[47,162601,633],{"class":632},[47,162603,69],{"class":61},[47,162605,644],{"class":632},[47,162607,36216],{"class":636},[47,162609,633],{"class":632},[47,162611,80],{"class":61},[47,162613,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162615,5329],{"class":53},[47,162617,58],{"class":57},[47,162619,62],{"class":61},[47,162621,13766],{"class":65},[47,162623,69],{"class":61},[47,162625,13771],{"class":65},[47,162627,69],{"class":61},[47,162629,29185],{"class":65},[47,162631,80],{"class":61},[47,162633,162634],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162635,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162637,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162639,9479],{"class":53},[47,162641,58],{"class":57},[47,162643,1644],{"class":882},[47,162645,106],{"class":61},[47,162647,64649],{"class":102},[47,162649,106],{"class":61},[47,162651,5304],{"class":92},[47,162653,69],{"class":61},[47,162655,5376],{"class":92},[47,162657,1978],{"class":61},[47,162659,162660,162662,162664,162666],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162661,103],{"class":102},[47,162663,106],{"class":61},[47,162665,9526],{"class":92},[47,162667,216],{"class":61},[20,162669,219],{},[38,162671,162673],{"className":40,"code":162672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162674,162675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162676,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162678,22006],{"class":61},[47,162680,699],{"class":632},[47,162682,13143],{"class":636},[47,162684,699],{"class":632},[47,162686,69],{"class":61},[47,162688,20163],{"class":65},[47,162690,9497],{"class":61},[47,162692,9500],{"class":61},[47,162694,699],{"class":632},[47,162696,36207],{"class":636},[47,162698,699],{"class":632},[47,162700,69],{"class":61},[47,162702,13771],{"class":65},[47,162704,9497],{"class":61},[47,162706,9500],{"class":61},[47,162708,699],{"class":632},[47,162710,36216],{"class":636},[47,162712,699],{"class":632},[47,162714,69],{"class":61},[47,162716,29185],{"class":65},[47,162718,9513],{"class":61},[1404,162720,118,162722],{"id":162721},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162723,162724],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162726,162727],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,162729,162731],{"className":40,"code":162730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162732,162733,162765,162793,162797,162819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162734,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162736,17507],{"class":53},[47,162738,58],{"class":57},[47,162740,62],{"class":61},[47,162742,633],{"class":632},[47,162744,7932],{"class":636},[47,162746,633],{"class":632},[47,162748,69],{"class":61},[47,162750,644],{"class":632},[47,162752,9563],{"class":636},[47,162754,633],{"class":632},[47,162756,69],{"class":61},[47,162758,644],{"class":632},[47,162760,10674],{"class":636},[47,162762,633],{"class":632},[47,162764,80],{"class":61},[47,162766,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162768,4095],{"class":53},[47,162770,58],{"class":57},[47,162772,62],{"class":61},[47,162774,633],{"class":632},[47,162776,13143],{"class":636},[47,162778,633],{"class":632},[47,162780,69],{"class":61},[47,162782,9570],{"class":65},[47,162784,69],{"class":61},[47,162786,644],{"class":632},[47,162788,16296],{"class":636},[47,162790,633],{"class":632},[47,162792,80],{"class":61},[47,162794,162795],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162796,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162798,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162800,13468],{"class":53},[47,162802,58],{"class":57},[47,162804,9435],{"class":882},[47,162806,106],{"class":61},[47,162808,64649],{"class":102},[47,162810,106],{"class":61},[47,162812,17188],{"class":92},[47,162814,69],{"class":61},[47,162816,4156],{"class":92},[47,162818,1978],{"class":61},[47,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162822,103],{"class":102},[47,162824,106],{"class":61},[47,162826,17572],{"class":92},[47,162828,216],{"class":61},[20,162830,219],{},[38,162832,162834],{"className":40,"code":162833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162835,162836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162837,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162839,9542],{"class":61},[47,162841,699],{"class":632},[47,162843,7932],{"class":636},[47,162845,699],{"class":632},[47,162847,136],{"class":61},[47,162849,708],{"class":632},[47,162851,13143],{"class":636},[47,162853,699],{"class":632},[47,162855,69],{"class":61},[47,162857,708],{"class":632},[47,162859,9563],{"class":636},[47,162861,699],{"class":632},[47,162863,136],{"class":61},[47,162865,9570],{"class":65},[47,162867,69],{"class":61},[47,162869,708],{"class":632},[47,162871,10674],{"class":636},[47,162873,699],{"class":632},[47,162875,136],{"class":61},[47,162877,708],{"class":632},[47,162879,16296],{"class":636},[47,162881,699],{"class":632},[47,162883,9573],{"class":61},[20,162885,162886,162887,89],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[252,162888,31353],{"href":31352},[1404,162890,162892],{"id":162891},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162894,162895],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,162897,162899],{"className":40,"code":162898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162900,162901,162925,162941,162945,162963,162967,162981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162902,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162904,5261],{"class":53},[47,162906,58],{"class":57},[47,162908,62],{"class":61},[47,162910,633],{"class":632},[47,162912,13143],{"class":636},[47,162914,633],{"class":632},[47,162916,69],{"class":61},[47,162918,644],{"class":632},[47,162920,36207],{"class":636},[47,162922,633],{"class":632},[47,162924,80],{"class":61},[47,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,162928,5329],{"class":53},[47,162930,58],{"class":57},[47,162932,62],{"class":61},[47,162934,13766],{"class":65},[47,162936,69],{"class":61},[47,162938,13771],{"class":65},[47,162940,80],{"class":61},[47,162942,162943],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,162944,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162946,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,162948,9479],{"class":53},[47,162950,58],{"class":57},[47,162952,161676],{"class":102},[47,162954,106],{"class":61},[47,162956,5304],{"class":92},[47,162958,69],{"class":61},[47,162960,5376],{"class":92},[47,162962,216],{"class":61},[47,162964,162965],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,162966,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,162968,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,162970,103],{"class":102},[47,162972,106],{"class":61},[47,162974,8358],{"class":882},[47,162976,106],{"class":61},[47,162978,9526],{"class":92},[47,162980,1978],{"class":61},[47,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,162984,103],{"class":102},[47,162986,106],{"class":61},[47,162988,8358],{"class":882},[47,162990,106],{"class":61},[47,162992,9526],{"class":92},[47,162994,1978],{"class":61},[20,162996,219],{},[38,162998,163000],{"className":40,"code":162999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163001,163002,163032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163003,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163005,22006],{"class":61},[47,163007,699],{"class":632},[47,163009,13143],{"class":636},[47,163011,699],{"class":632},[47,163013,69],{"class":61},[47,163015,20163],{"class":65},[47,163017,9497],{"class":61},[47,163019,9500],{"class":61},[47,163021,699],{"class":632},[47,163023,36207],{"class":636},[47,163025,699],{"class":632},[47,163027,69],{"class":61},[47,163029,13771],{"class":65},[47,163031,9513],{"class":61},[47,163033,163034],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163035,38562],{"class":61},[20,163037,163038],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163040,163041,163042,89],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[252,163043,5402],{"href":5853},[33,163045,41311],{"id":41310},[20,163047,163048,163049,89],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163050,64579],{},[1404,163052,163054],{"id":163053},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,163056,163058],{"className":40,"code":163057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163059,163060,163092,163112,163116,163140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163061,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163063,5261],{"class":53},[47,163065,58],{"class":57},[47,163067,62],{"class":61},[47,163069,633],{"class":632},[47,163071,13143],{"class":636},[47,163073,633],{"class":632},[47,163075,69],{"class":61},[47,163077,644],{"class":632},[47,163079,36207],{"class":636},[47,163081,633],{"class":632},[47,163083,69],{"class":61},[47,163085,644],{"class":632},[47,163087,36216],{"class":636},[47,163089,633],{"class":632},[47,163091,80],{"class":61},[47,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163095,5329],{"class":53},[47,163097,58],{"class":57},[47,163099,62],{"class":61},[47,163101,13766],{"class":65},[47,163103,69],{"class":61},[47,163105,13771],{"class":65},[47,163107,69],{"class":61},[47,163109,29185],{"class":65},[47,163111,80],{"class":61},[47,163113,163114],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163115,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163119,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163121,36258],{"class":53},[47,163123,69],{"class":61},[47,163125,5371],{"class":53},[47,163127,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163129,161676],{"class":102},[47,163131,106],{"class":61},[47,163133,5304],{"class":92},[47,163135,69],{"class":61},[47,163137,5376],{"class":92},[47,163139,8606],{"class":61},[47,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163143,8333],{"class":102},[47,163145,106],{"class":61},[47,163147,22560],{"class":2348},[47,163149,633],{"class":636},[47,163151,9542],{"class":65},[47,163153,7932],{"class":92},[47,163155,22569],{"class":65},[47,163157,22572],{"class":636},[47,163159,9542],{"class":65},[47,163161,85621],{"class":92},[47,163163,22569],{"class":65},[47,163165,633],{"class":636},[47,163167,216],{"class":61},[1404,163169,163171],{"id":163170},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,163173,163175],{"className":40,"code":163174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163176,163177,163209,163233,163237,163259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163178,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163180,17507],{"class":53},[47,163182,58],{"class":57},[47,163184,62],{"class":61},[47,163186,633],{"class":632},[47,163188,12912],{"class":636},[47,163190,633],{"class":632},[47,163192,69],{"class":61},[47,163194,644],{"class":632},[47,163196,7932],{"class":636},[47,163198,633],{"class":632},[47,163200,69],{"class":61},[47,163202,644],{"class":632},[47,163204,16086],{"class":636},[47,163206,633],{"class":632},[47,163208,80],{"class":61},[47,163210,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163212,4095],{"class":53},[47,163214,58],{"class":57},[47,163216,62],{"class":61},[47,163218,46860],{"class":65},[47,163220,69],{"class":61},[47,163222,644],{"class":632},[47,163224,13143],{"class":636},[47,163226,633],{"class":632},[47,163228,69],{"class":61},[47,163230,4185],{"class":284},[47,163232,80],{"class":61},[47,163234,163235],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163236,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163238,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163240,9430],{"class":53},[47,163242,58],{"class":57},[47,163244,9435],{"class":882},[47,163246,106],{"class":61},[47,163248,64649],{"class":102},[47,163250,106],{"class":61},[47,163252,17188],{"class":92},[47,163254,69],{"class":61},[47,163256,4156],{"class":92},[47,163258,1978],{"class":61},[47,163260,163261,163263,163265,163267],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163262,103],{"class":102},[47,163264,106],{"class":61},[47,163266,9468],{"class":92},[47,163268,216],{"class":61},[1404,163270,163272],{"id":163271},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,163274,163276],{"className":40,"code":163275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163277,163278,163298,163318,163322,163347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163279,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163281,80759],{"class":53},[47,163283,58],{"class":57},[47,163285,62],{"class":61},[47,163287,437],{"class":65},[47,163289,69],{"class":61},[47,163291,8054],{"class":65},[47,163293,69],{"class":61},[47,163295,8059],{"class":65},[47,163297,80],{"class":61},[47,163299,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163301,80780],{"class":53},[47,163303,58],{"class":57},[47,163305,62],{"class":61},[47,163307,437],{"class":65},[47,163309,69],{"class":61},[47,163311,9570],{"class":65},[47,163313,69],{"class":61},[47,163315,8059],{"class":65},[47,163317,80],{"class":61},[47,163319,163320],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163321,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163323,163324,163326,163328,163330,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163325,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163327,57153],{"class":53},[47,163329,69],{"class":61},[47,163331,163332],{"class":53}," b ",[47,163334,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163336,161676],{"class":102},[47,163338,106],{"class":61},[47,163340,111851],{"class":92},[47,163342,69],{"class":61},[47,163344,80823],{"class":92},[47,163346,8606],{"class":61},[47,163348,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163350,8333],{"class":102},[47,163352,106],{"class":61},[47,163354,2834],{"class":92},[47,163356,4954],{"class":57},[47,163358,2839],{"class":92},[47,163360,216],{"class":61},[20,163362,219],{},[38,163364,163366],{"className":40,"code":163365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163367,163368,163372,163376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163369,163370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163371,4249],{"class":284},[47,163373,163374],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163375,4310],{"class":284},[47,163377,163378],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163379,4249],{"class":284},[1404,163381,163383],{"id":163382},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,163385,163387],{"className":40,"code":163386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163388,163389,163424,163447,163451,163478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163390,163391,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163411,163413,163415,163417,163420,163422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163392,163393],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163395,58],{"class":57},[47,163397,62],{"class":61},[47,163399,633],{"class":632},[47,163401,25405],{"class":636},[47,163403,633],{"class":632},[47,163405,69],{"class":61},[47,163407,644],{"class":632},[47,163409,163410],{"class":636},"Pen",[47,163412,633],{"class":632},[47,163414,69],{"class":61},[47,163416,644],{"class":632},[47,163418,163419],{"class":636},"Bag",[47,163421,633],{"class":632},[47,163423,80],{"class":61},[47,163425,163426,163428,163430,163432,163435,163437,163440,163442,163445],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163427,83149],{"class":53},[47,163429,58],{"class":57},[47,163431,62],{"class":61},[47,163433,163434],{"class":65},"12.5",[47,163436,69],{"class":61},[47,163438,163439],{"class":65}," 1.2",[47,163441,69],{"class":61},[47,163443,163444],{"class":65}," 25.0",[47,163446,80],{"class":61},[47,163448,163449],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163450,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163452,163453,163455,163457,163459,163462,163464,163466,163468,163471,163473,163476],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163454,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163456,25466],{"class":53},[47,163458,69],{"class":61},[47,163460,163461],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163463,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163465,161676],{"class":102},[47,163467,106],{"class":61},[47,163469,163470],{"class":92},"products",[47,163472,69],{"class":61},[47,163474,163475],{"class":92}," prices",[47,163477,8606],{"class":61},[47,163479,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163481,8333],{"class":102},[47,163483,106],{"class":61},[47,163485,22560],{"class":2348},[47,163487,633],{"class":636},[47,163489,9542],{"class":65},[47,163491,27273],{"class":92},[47,163493,22569],{"class":65},[47,163495,163496],{"class":636}," costs $",[47,163498,9542],{"class":65},[47,163500,25414],{"class":92},[47,163502,22569],{"class":65},[47,163504,633],{"class":636},[47,163506,216],{"class":61},[20,163508,36867,163509,89],{},[252,163510,163512],{"href":163511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[33,163514,163516,163517],{"id":163515},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163518,64579],{},[1404,163520,8717,163522,163524],{"id":163521},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163523,64579],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163526,163527,163529],{},[15,163528,64579],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163531,163532],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,163534,163536],{"className":40,"code":163535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163537,163538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163539,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163541,103],{"class":102},[47,163543,106],{"class":61},[47,163545,969],{"class":102},[47,163547,106],{"class":61},[47,163549,111851],{"class":92},[47,163551,9497],{"class":61},[47,163553,38650],{"class":102},[47,163555,106],{"class":61},[47,163557,81046],{"class":92},[47,163559,1978],{"class":61},[1404,163561,163563],{"id":163562},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163565,69095],{},[38,163567,163569],{"className":40,"code":163568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163570,163571,163607,163611,163624,163634,163638,163650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163572,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163574,9479],{"class":53},[47,163576,58],{"class":57},[47,163578,161676],{"class":102},[47,163580,2015],{"class":61},[47,163582,232],{"class":65},[47,163584,69],{"class":61},[47,163586,77],{"class":65},[47,163588,18327],{"class":61},[47,163590,62],{"class":61},[47,163592,633],{"class":632},[47,163594,252],{"class":636},[47,163596,633],{"class":632},[47,163598,69],{"class":61},[47,163600,644],{"class":632},[47,163602,5026],{"class":636},[47,163604,633],{"class":632},[47,163606,2040],{"class":61},[47,163608,163609],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163610,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163612,163613,163615,163617,163619,163622],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163614,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163616,2031],{"class":53},[47,163618,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163620,163621],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163623,6657],{"class":61},[47,163625,163626,163628,163630,163632],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163627,8333],{"class":102},[47,163629,106],{"class":61},[47,163631,2022],{"class":92},[47,163633,216],{"class":61},[47,163635,163636],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163637,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163639,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648],{"class":49,"line":1326},[47,163641,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163643,2031],{"class":53},[47,163645,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163647,163621],{"class":53},[47,163649,6657],{"class":61},[47,163651,163652,163654,163656,163658],{"class":49,"line":6679},[47,163653,8333],{"class":102},[47,163655,106],{"class":61},[47,163657,2022],{"class":92},[47,163659,216],{"class":61},[20,163661,163662],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1404,163664,163666],{"id":163665},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163668,163669],{},"This is correct:",[38,163671,163673],{"className":40,"code":163672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163674,163675,163699,163715,163719,163743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163678,5261],{"class":53},[47,163680,58],{"class":57},[47,163682,62],{"class":61},[47,163684,633],{"class":632},[47,163686,13143],{"class":636},[47,163688,633],{"class":632},[47,163690,69],{"class":61},[47,163692,644],{"class":632},[47,163694,36207],{"class":636},[47,163696,633],{"class":632},[47,163698,80],{"class":61},[47,163700,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163702,5329],{"class":53},[47,163704,58],{"class":57},[47,163706,62],{"class":61},[47,163708,13766],{"class":65},[47,163710,69],{"class":61},[47,163712,13771],{"class":65},[47,163714,80],{"class":61},[47,163716,163717],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163718,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163720,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163722,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163724,36258],{"class":53},[47,163726,69],{"class":61},[47,163728,5371],{"class":53},[47,163730,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163732,161676],{"class":102},[47,163734,106],{"class":61},[47,163736,5304],{"class":92},[47,163738,69],{"class":61},[47,163740,5376],{"class":92},[47,163742,8606],{"class":61},[47,163744,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755],{"class":49,"line":1315},[47,163746,8333],{"class":102},[47,163748,106],{"class":61},[47,163750,7932],{"class":92},[47,163752,69],{"class":61},[47,163754,130964],{"class":92},[47,163756,216],{"class":61},[20,163758,163759],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,163761,163763],{"className":40,"code":163762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163764,163765,163785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163766,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163768,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163770,2031],{"class":53},[47,163772,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163774,161676],{"class":102},[47,163776,106],{"class":61},[47,163778,5304],{"class":92},[47,163780,69],{"class":61},[47,163782,5376],{"class":92},[47,163784,8606],{"class":61},[47,163786,163787,163789,163791,163793],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163788,8333],{"class":102},[47,163790,106],{"class":61},[47,163792,2022],{"class":92},[47,163794,216],{"class":61},[20,163796,219],{},[38,163798,163800],{"className":40,"code":163799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163801,163802,163818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163803,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812,163814,163816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163805,106],{"class":61},[47,163807,699],{"class":632},[47,163809,13143],{"class":636},[47,163811,699],{"class":632},[47,163813,69],{"class":61},[47,163815,20163],{"class":65},[47,163817,216],{"class":61},[47,163819,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828,163830,163832],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163821,106],{"class":61},[47,163823,699],{"class":632},[47,163825,36207],{"class":636},[47,163827,699],{"class":632},[47,163829,69],{"class":61},[47,163831,13771],{"class":65},[47,163833,216],{"class":61},[20,163835,163836],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1404,163838,8681,163840,163842,163843],{"id":163839},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163841,64579],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163844,36015],{},[20,163846,118,163847,163849],{},[15,163848,64579],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163851,118,163852,163854],{},[15,163853,36015],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,163856,163857],{"className":40,"code":36184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,163858,163859,163891,163895,163915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163860,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885,163887,163889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163862,5261],{"class":53},[47,163864,58],{"class":57},[47,163866,62],{"class":61},[47,163868,633],{"class":632},[47,163870,13143],{"class":636},[47,163872,633],{"class":632},[47,163874,69],{"class":61},[47,163876,644],{"class":632},[47,163878,36207],{"class":636},[47,163880,633],{"class":632},[47,163882,69],{"class":61},[47,163884,644],{"class":632},[47,163886,36216],{"class":636},[47,163888,633],{"class":632},[47,163890,80],{"class":61},[47,163892,163893],{"class":49,"line":83},[47,163894,204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":203},[47,163896,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909,163911,163913],{"class":49,"line":99},[47,163898,6224],{"class":2027},[47,163900,36087],{"class":53},[47,163902,69],{"class":61},[47,163904,36235],{"class":53},[47,163906,2034],{"class":2027},[47,163908,36097],{"class":102},[47,163910,106],{"class":61},[47,163912,5304],{"class":92},[47,163914,8606],{"class":61},[47,163916,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927],{"class":49,"line":207},[47,163918,8333],{"class":102},[47,163920,106],{"class":61},[47,163922,36112],{"class":92},[47,163924,69],{"class":61},[47,163926,36258],{"class":92},[47,163928,216],{"class":61},[20,163930,163931,163932,89],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[252,163933,1386,163934,3785],{"href":92124},[15,163935,36015],{},[33,163937,2078],{"id":2077},[1404,163939,5408,163941,5411],{"id":163940},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163942,64579],{},[20,163944,163945],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1404,163947,2082,163949,163951],{"id":163948},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163950,64579],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163953,163954],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1404,163956,163958,163959,2099],{"id":163957},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163960,64579],{},[20,163962,163963,163964,89],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163965,162571],{},[1404,163967,163969,163970,2099],{"id":163968},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163971,64579],{},[20,163973,128329,163974,163976],{},[15,163975,162724],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1404,163978,163980],{"id":163979},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163982,163983],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[33,163985,2187],{"id":2186},[138,163987,163988,163993,163999,164003,164007],{},[141,163989,163990],{},[252,163991,163992],{"href":163511},"How to use zip in Python",[141,163994,163995],{},[252,163996,1386,163997,3785],{"href":92124},[15,163998,36015],{},[141,164000,164001],{},[252,164002,5482],{"href":5853},[141,164004,164005],{},[252,164006,69948],{"href":69871},[141,164008,164009],{},[252,164010,32527],{"href":31352},[2210,164012,164013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":164015},[164016,164017,164019,164020,164021,164022,164030,164036,164045,164056],{"id":35,"depth":83,"text":36},{"id":161735,"depth":83,"text":164018},"What zip() does",{"id":258,"depth":83,"text":259},{"id":162128,"depth":83,"text":162129},{"id":162305,"depth":83,"text":162306},{"id":162557,"depth":83,"text":164023,"children":164024},"Converting zip() output",[164025,164027,164029],{"id":162568,"depth":99,"text":164026},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162721,"depth":99,"text":164028},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162891,"depth":99,"text":162892},{"id":41310,"depth":83,"text":41311,"children":164031},[164032,164033,164034,164035],{"id":163053,"depth":99,"text":163054},{"id":163170,"depth":99,"text":163171},{"id":163271,"depth":99,"text":163272},{"id":163382,"depth":99,"text":163383},{"id":163515,"depth":83,"text":164037,"children":164038},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164039,164041,164042,164043],{"id":163521,"depth":99,"text":164040},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163562,"depth":99,"text":163563},{"id":163665,"depth":99,"text":163666},{"id":163839,"depth":99,"text":164044},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2077,"depth":83,"text":2078,"children":164046},[164047,164049,164051,164053,164055],{"id":163940,"depth":99,"text":164048},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163948,"depth":99,"text":164050},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163957,"depth":99,"text":164052},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163968,"depth":99,"text":164054},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163979,"depth":99,"text":163980},{"id":2186,"depth":83,"text":2187},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161577,"description":164057},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945025239]