[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164560},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2836},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2829,"extension":2830,"meta":2831,"navigation":472,"path":2832,"seo":2833,"stem":2834,"__hash__":2835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2788},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,42,45,69,74,170,173,222,232,239,244,251,265,268,290,293,299,308,312,317,331,334,352,355,376,379,385,409,415,419,422,489,491,526,529,571,580,592,599,605,712,714,741,744,762,765,798,804,809,812,815,946,948,972,975,994,1001,1007,1126,1128,1145,1152,1158,1164,1171,1179,1182,1239,1242,1271,1274,1277,1338,1340,1373,1377,1453,1455,1475,1479,1482,1557,1559,1597,1600,1603,1675,1677,1738,1744,1749,1752,1766,1768,1842,1844,1865,1868,1871,1928,1993,1996,2028,2031,2048,2055,2059,2065,2068,2124,2127,2130,2149,2153,2156,2200,2209,2212,2272,2276,2279,2281,2374,2376,2491,2495,2497,2571,2574,2577,2581,2587,2653,2656,2681,2691,2695,2702,2712,2722,2731,2738,2741,2745,2748,2752,2784],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-map-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"map()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"Python’s ",[15,24,17],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,27,28],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,31,32,36,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,37,38],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,40,41],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,43,44],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,46,47,57,63],{},[33,48,49,51,52,56],{},[15,50,17],{}," does ",[53,54,55],"strong",{},"not"," return a list in Python 3",[33,58,59,60],{},"it returns a ",[53,61,62],{},"map object",[33,64,65,66],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,67,68],{},"list()",[70,71,73],"h2",{"id":72},"quick-example","Quick example",[75,76,81],"pre",{"className":77,"code":78,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n","python","",[15,82,83,123,151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85,88,92,96,100,104,107,110,112,115,117,120],"span",{"class":86,"line":87},"line",1,[84,89,91],{"class":90},"su5hD","numbers ",[84,93,95],{"class":94},"smGrS","=",[84,97,99],{"class":98},"sP7_E"," [",[84,101,103],{"class":102},"srdBf","1",[84,105,106],{"class":98},",",[84,108,109],{"class":102}," 2",[84,111,106],{"class":98},[84,113,114],{"class":102}," 3",[84,116,106],{"class":98},[84,118,119],{"class":102}," 4",[84,121,122],{"class":98},"]\n",[84,124,126,129,131,135,138,142,144,148],{"class":86,"line":125},2,[84,127,128],{"class":90},"result ",[84,130,95],{"class":94},[84,132,134],{"class":133},"sptTA"," map",[84,136,137],{"class":98},"(",[84,139,141],{"class":140},"sZMiF","str",[84,143,106],{"class":98},[84,145,147],{"class":146},"slqww"," numbers",[84,149,150],{"class":98},")\n",[84,152,154,157,159,162,164,167],{"class":86,"line":153},3,[84,155,156],{"class":133},"print",[84,158,137],{"class":98},[84,160,161],{"class":140},"list",[84,163,137],{"class":98},[84,165,166],{"class":146},"result",[84,168,169],{"class":98},"))\n",[20,171,172],{},"Output:",[75,174,176],{"className":77,"code":175,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,177,178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,179,180,183,187,190,192,194,197,200,202,204,206,209,211,213,215,218,220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,181,182],{"class":98},"[",[84,184,186],{"class":185},"sjJ54","'",[84,188,103],{"class":189},"s_sjI",[84,191,186],{"class":185},[84,193,106],{"class":98},[84,195,196],{"class":185}," '",[84,198,199],{"class":189},"2",[84,201,186],{"class":185},[84,203,106],{"class":98},[84,205,196],{"class":185},[84,207,208],{"class":189},"3",[84,210,186],{"class":185},[84,212,106],{"class":98},[84,214,196],{"class":185},[84,216,217],{"class":189},"4",[84,219,186],{"class":185},[84,221,122],{"class":98},[20,223,224,225,228,229,231],{},"Use ",[15,226,227],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,230,68],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[70,233,235,236,238],{"id":234},"what-map-does","What ",[15,237,17],{}," does",[20,240,241,243],{},[15,242,17],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,245,246,247,250],{},"An ",[53,248,249],{},"iterable"," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,252,253,256,259,262],{},[33,254,255],{},"a list",[33,257,258],{},"a tuple",[33,260,261],{},"a string",[33,263,264],{},"a range object",[20,266,267],{},"The basic form is:",[75,269,271],{"className":77,"code":270,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,272,273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,274,275,278,280,283,285,288],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,276,277],{"class":133},"map",[84,279,137],{"class":98},[84,281,282],{"class":146},"function",[84,284,106],{"class":98},[84,286,287],{"class":146}," iterable",[84,289,150],{"class":98},[20,291,292],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,294,295,296,298],{},"Important: the result is a ",[53,297,62],{},", not a list.",[20,300,301,302,307],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[303,304,306],"a",{"href":305},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",".",[70,309,311],{"id":310},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,313,314,316],{},[15,315,17],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,318,319,325],{},[33,320,321,324],{},[53,322,323],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,326,327,330],{},[53,328,329],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,332,333],{},"Basic syntax:",[75,335,336],{"className":77,"code":270,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,337,338],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,339,340,342,344,346,348,350],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,341,277],{"class":133},[84,343,137],{"class":98},[84,345,282],{"class":146},[84,347,106],{"class":98},[84,349,287],{"class":146},[84,351,150],{"class":98},[20,353,354],{},"You can pass:",[30,356,357,370,373],{},[33,358,359,360,362,363,366,367],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,361,141],{},", ",[15,364,365],{},"int",", or ",[15,368,369],{},"abs",[33,371,372],{},"your own custom function",[33,374,375],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,377,378],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,380,381,382,384],{},"You will often see ",[15,383,17],{}," used like this:",[75,386,388],{"className":77,"code":387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,389,390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,391,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,393,161],{"class":140},[84,395,137],{"class":98},[84,397,277],{"class":133},[84,399,137],{"class":98},[84,401,282],{"class":146},[84,403,106],{"class":98},[84,405,406],{"class":146}," values",[84,408,169],{"class":98},[20,410,411,412,414],{},"That is because ",[15,413,68],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[70,416,418],{"id":417},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,420,421],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[75,423,425],{"className":77,"code":424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,426,427,450,468,474],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,428,429,431,433,435,438,440,443,445,448],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,430,91],{"class":90},[84,432,95],{"class":94},[84,434,99],{"class":98},[84,436,437],{"class":102},"10",[84,439,106],{"class":98},[84,441,442],{"class":102}," 20",[84,444,106],{"class":98},[84,446,447],{"class":102}," 30",[84,449,122],{"class":98},[84,451,452,454,456,458,460,462,464,466],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,453,128],{"class":90},[84,455,95],{"class":94},[84,457,134],{"class":133},[84,459,137],{"class":98},[84,461,141],{"class":140},[84,463,106],{"class":98},[84,465,147],{"class":146},[84,467,150],{"class":98},[84,469,470],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,471,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},true,"\n",[84,475,477,479,481,483,485,487],{"class":86,"line":476},4,[84,478,156],{"class":133},[84,480,137],{"class":98},[84,482,161],{"class":140},[84,484,137],{"class":98},[84,486,166],{"class":146},[84,488,169],{"class":98},[20,490,172],{},[75,492,494],{"className":77,"code":493,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,495,496],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,497,498,500,502,504,506,508,510,513,515,517,519,522,524],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,499,182],{"class":98},[84,501,186],{"class":185},[84,503,437],{"class":189},[84,505,186],{"class":185},[84,507,106],{"class":98},[84,509,196],{"class":185},[84,511,512],{"class":189},"20",[84,514,186],{"class":185},[84,516,106],{"class":98},[84,518,196],{"class":185},[84,520,521],{"class":189},"30",[84,523,186],{"class":185},[84,525,122],{"class":98},[20,527,528],{},"What happens here:",[30,530,531,537,546,555,563],{},[33,532,533,536],{},[15,534,535],{},"numbers"," contains integers",[33,538,539,542,543],{},[15,540,541],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,544,545],{},"str()",[33,547,548,551,552],{},[15,549,550],{},"str(10)"," becomes ",[15,553,554],{},"'10'",[33,556,557,551,560],{},[15,558,559],{},"str(20)",[15,561,562],{},"'20'",[33,564,565,551,568],{},[15,566,567],{},"str(30)",[15,569,570],{},"'30'",[20,572,573,574,576,577,579],{},"So ",[15,575,17],{}," applies ",[15,578,545],{}," one item at a time.",[20,581,582,583,585,586,307],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,584,68],{}," better, see ",[303,587,13,589,591],{"href":588},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",[15,590,68],{}," function explained",[70,593,595,596,598],{"id":594},"using-map-with-your-own-function","Using ",[15,597,17],{}," with your own function",[20,600,601,602,604],{},"You can also use ",[15,603,17],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[75,606,608],{"className":77,"code":607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,609,610,629,644,648,672,692,697],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,611,612,616,620,622,626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,613,615],{"class":614},"sbsja","def",[84,617,619],{"class":618},"sGLFI"," double",[84,621,137],{"class":98},[84,623,625],{"class":624},"sFwrP","x",[84,627,628],{"class":98},"):\n",[84,630,631,635,638,641],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,632,634],{"class":633},"sVHd0","    return",[84,636,637],{"class":90}," x ",[84,639,640],{"class":94},"*",[84,642,643],{"class":102}," 2\n",[84,645,646],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,647,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,649,650,652,654,656,658,660,662,664,666,668,670],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,651,91],{"class":90},[84,653,95],{"class":94},[84,655,99],{"class":98},[84,657,103],{"class":102},[84,659,106],{"class":98},[84,661,109],{"class":102},[84,663,106],{"class":98},[84,665,114],{"class":102},[84,667,106],{"class":98},[84,669,119],{"class":102},[84,671,122],{"class":98},[84,673,675,677,679,681,683,686,688,690],{"class":86,"line":674},5,[84,676,128],{"class":90},[84,678,95],{"class":94},[84,680,134],{"class":133},[84,682,137],{"class":98},[84,684,685],{"class":146},"double",[84,687,106],{"class":98},[84,689,147],{"class":146},[84,691,150],{"class":98},[84,693,695],{"class":86,"line":694},6,[84,696,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,698,700,702,704,706,708,710],{"class":86,"line":699},7,[84,701,156],{"class":133},[84,703,137],{"class":98},[84,705,161],{"class":140},[84,707,137],{"class":98},[84,709,166],{"class":146},[84,711,169],{"class":98},[20,713,172],{},[75,715,717],{"className":77,"code":716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,718,719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,720,721,723,725,727,729,731,734,736,739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,722,182],{"class":98},[84,724,199],{"class":102},[84,726,106],{"class":98},[84,728,119],{"class":102},[84,730,106],{"class":98},[84,732,733],{"class":102}," 6",[84,735,106],{"class":98},[84,737,738],{"class":102}," 8",[84,740,122],{"class":98},[20,742,743],{},"How this works:",[30,745,746,753,759],{},[33,747,748,750,751],{},[15,749,17],{}," takes the function ",[15,752,685],{},[33,754,755,756,758],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,757,535],{}," into that function",[33,760,761],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,763,764],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,766,767,775,782,790],{},[33,768,769,772,773],{},[15,770,771],{},"double(1)"," → ",[15,774,199],{},[33,776,777,772,780],{},[15,778,779],{},"double(2)",[15,781,217],{},[33,783,784,772,787],{},[15,785,786],{},"double(3)",[15,788,789],{},"6",[33,791,792,772,795],{},[15,793,794],{},"double(4)",[15,796,797],{},"8",[70,799,595,801,803],{"id":800},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,802,17],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,805,806,808],{},[15,807,17],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,810,811],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,813,814],{},"Example:",[75,816,818],{"className":77,"code":817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,819,820,838,851,855,876,897,901,926,931],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,821,822,824,827,829,831,833,836],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,823,615],{"class":614},[84,825,826],{"class":618}," add_numbers",[84,828,137],{"class":98},[84,830,303],{"class":624},[84,832,106],{"class":98},[84,834,835],{"class":624}," b",[84,837,628],{"class":98},[84,839,840,842,845,848],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,841,634],{"class":633},[84,843,844],{"class":90}," a ",[84,846,847],{"class":94},"+",[84,849,850],{"class":90}," b\n",[84,852,853],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,854,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,856,857,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,858,859],{"class":90},"list1 ",[84,861,95],{"class":94},[84,863,99],{"class":98},[84,865,103],{"class":102},[84,867,106],{"class":98},[84,869,109],{"class":102},[84,871,106],{"class":98},[84,873,114],{"class":102},[84,875,122],{"class":98},[84,877,878,881,883,885,887,889,891,893,895],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,879,880],{"class":90},"list2 ",[84,882,95],{"class":94},[84,884,99],{"class":98},[84,886,437],{"class":102},[84,888,106],{"class":98},[84,890,442],{"class":102},[84,892,106],{"class":98},[84,894,447],{"class":102},[84,896,122],{"class":98},[84,898,899],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,900,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,902,903,905,907,909,911,914,916,919,921,924],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,904,128],{"class":90},[84,906,95],{"class":94},[84,908,134],{"class":133},[84,910,137],{"class":98},[84,912,913],{"class":146},"add_numbers",[84,915,106],{"class":98},[84,917,918],{"class":146}," list1",[84,920,106],{"class":98},[84,922,923],{"class":146}," list2",[84,925,150],{"class":98},[84,927,929],{"class":86,"line":928},8,[84,930,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,932,934,936,938,940,942,944],{"class":86,"line":933},9,[84,935,156],{"class":133},[84,937,137],{"class":98},[84,939,161],{"class":140},[84,941,137],{"class":98},[84,943,166],{"class":146},[84,945,169],{"class":98},[20,947,172],{},[75,949,951],{"className":77,"code":950,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,952,953],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,954,955,957,960,962,965,967,970],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,956,182],{"class":98},[84,958,959],{"class":102},"11",[84,961,106],{"class":98},[84,963,964],{"class":102}," 22",[84,966,106],{"class":98},[84,968,969],{"class":102}," 33",[84,971,122],{"class":98},[20,973,974],{},"Here:",[30,976,977,983,989],{},[33,978,979,980],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,981,982],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,984,985,986],{},"then ",[15,987,988],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,990,985,991],{},[15,992,993],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[995,996,998,1000],"h3",{"id":997},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,999,17],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,1002,1003,1004,1006],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,1005,17],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[75,1008,1010],{"className":77,"code":1009,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1011,1012,1028,1038,1042,1066,1082,1086,1108,1112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1013,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1015,615],{"class":614},[84,1017,826],{"class":618},[84,1019,137],{"class":98},[84,1021,303],{"class":624},[84,1023,106],{"class":98},[84,1025,835],{"class":624},[84,1027,628],{"class":98},[84,1029,1030,1032,1034,1036],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1031,634],{"class":633},[84,1033,844],{"class":90},[84,1035,847],{"class":94},[84,1037,850],{"class":90},[84,1039,1040],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1041,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1043,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1045,859],{"class":90},[84,1047,95],{"class":94},[84,1049,99],{"class":98},[84,1051,103],{"class":102},[84,1053,106],{"class":98},[84,1055,109],{"class":102},[84,1057,106],{"class":98},[84,1059,114],{"class":102},[84,1061,106],{"class":98},[84,1063,119],{"class":102},[84,1065,122],{"class":98},[84,1067,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,1069,880],{"class":90},[84,1071,95],{"class":94},[84,1073,99],{"class":98},[84,1075,437],{"class":102},[84,1077,106],{"class":98},[84,1079,442],{"class":102},[84,1081,122],{"class":98},[84,1083,1084],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,1085,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1087,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,1089,128],{"class":90},[84,1091,95],{"class":94},[84,1093,134],{"class":133},[84,1095,137],{"class":98},[84,1097,913],{"class":146},[84,1099,106],{"class":98},[84,1101,918],{"class":146},[84,1103,106],{"class":98},[84,1105,923],{"class":146},[84,1107,150],{"class":98},[84,1109,1110],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,1111,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1113,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,1115,156],{"class":133},[84,1117,137],{"class":98},[84,1119,161],{"class":140},[84,1121,137],{"class":98},[84,1123,166],{"class":146},[84,1125,169],{"class":98},[20,1127,172],{},[75,1129,1131],{"className":77,"code":1130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[11, 22]\n",[15,1132,1133],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1134,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1136,182],{"class":98},[84,1138,959],{"class":102},[84,1140,106],{"class":98},[84,1142,964],{"class":102},[84,1144,122],{"class":98},[20,1146,1147,1148,1151],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,1149,1150],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[70,1153,1155,1157],{"id":1154},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,1156,17],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,1159,1160,1161,1163],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,1162,17],{}," returns a map object.",[20,1165,1166,1167,1170],{},"This object is ",[53,1168,1169],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[995,1172,1174,1175,1178],{"id":1173},"why-printresult-looks-strange","Why ",[15,1176,1177],{},"print(result)"," looks strange",[20,1180,1181],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[75,1183,1185],{"className":77,"code":1184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1186,1187,1207,1225,1229],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1188,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1190,91],{"class":90},[84,1192,95],{"class":94},[84,1194,99],{"class":98},[84,1196,103],{"class":102},[84,1198,106],{"class":98},[84,1200,109],{"class":102},[84,1202,106],{"class":98},[84,1204,114],{"class":102},[84,1206,122],{"class":98},[84,1208,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1210,128],{"class":90},[84,1212,95],{"class":94},[84,1214,134],{"class":133},[84,1216,137],{"class":98},[84,1218,141],{"class":140},[84,1220,106],{"class":98},[84,1222,147],{"class":146},[84,1224,150],{"class":98},[84,1226,1227],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1228,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1230,1231,1233,1235,1237],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1232,156],{"class":133},[84,1234,137],{"class":98},[84,1236,166],{"class":146},[84,1238,150],{"class":98},[20,1240,1241],{},"Output will look something like this:",[75,1243,1245],{"className":77,"code":1244,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,1246,1247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1248,1249,1252,1254,1257,1260,1264,1268],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1250,1251],{"class":94},"\u003C",[84,1253,277],{"class":133},[84,1255,1256],{"class":140}," object",[84,1258,1259],{"class":90}," at ",[84,1261,1263],{"class":1262},"srjyR","0x",[84,1265,1267],{"class":1266},"s_hVV","...",[84,1269,1270],{"class":94},">\n",[20,1272,1273],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,1275,1276],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[75,1278,1280],{"className":77,"code":1279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1281,1282,1302,1320,1324],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1283,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298,1300],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1285,91],{"class":90},[84,1287,95],{"class":94},[84,1289,99],{"class":98},[84,1291,103],{"class":102},[84,1293,106],{"class":98},[84,1295,109],{"class":102},[84,1297,106],{"class":98},[84,1299,114],{"class":102},[84,1301,122],{"class":98},[84,1303,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1305,128],{"class":90},[84,1307,95],{"class":94},[84,1309,134],{"class":133},[84,1311,137],{"class":98},[84,1313,141],{"class":140},[84,1315,106],{"class":98},[84,1317,147],{"class":146},[84,1319,150],{"class":98},[84,1321,1322],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1323,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1325,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1327,156],{"class":133},[84,1329,137],{"class":98},[84,1331,161],{"class":140},[84,1333,137],{"class":98},[84,1335,166],{"class":146},[84,1337,169],{"class":98},[20,1339,172],{},[75,1341,1343],{"className":77,"code":1342,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,1344,1345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1346,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1348,182],{"class":98},[84,1350,186],{"class":185},[84,1352,103],{"class":189},[84,1354,186],{"class":185},[84,1356,106],{"class":98},[84,1358,196],{"class":185},[84,1360,199],{"class":189},[84,1362,186],{"class":185},[84,1364,106],{"class":98},[84,1366,196],{"class":185},[84,1368,208],{"class":189},[84,1370,186],{"class":185},[84,1372,122],{"class":98},[995,1374,1376],{"id":1375},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[75,1378,1380],{"className":77,"code":1379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,1381,1382,1402,1420,1424,1441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1385,91],{"class":90},[84,1387,95],{"class":94},[84,1389,99],{"class":98},[84,1391,103],{"class":102},[84,1393,106],{"class":98},[84,1395,109],{"class":102},[84,1397,106],{"class":98},[84,1399,114],{"class":102},[84,1401,122],{"class":98},[84,1403,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1405,128],{"class":90},[84,1407,95],{"class":94},[84,1409,134],{"class":133},[84,1411,137],{"class":98},[84,1413,141],{"class":140},[84,1415,106],{"class":98},[84,1417,147],{"class":146},[84,1419,150],{"class":98},[84,1421,1422],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1423,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1425,1426,1429,1432,1435,1438],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1427,1428],{"class":633},"for",[84,1430,1431],{"class":90}," item ",[84,1433,1434],{"class":633},"in",[84,1436,1437],{"class":90}," result",[84,1439,1440],{"class":98},":\n",[84,1442,1443,1446,1448,1451],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,1444,1445],{"class":133},"    print",[84,1447,137],{"class":98},[84,1449,1450],{"class":146},"item",[84,1452,150],{"class":98},[20,1454,172],{},[75,1456,1458],{"className":77,"code":1457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,1459,1460,1465,1470],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1461,1462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1463,1464],{"class":102},"1\n",[84,1466,1467],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1468,1469],{"class":102},"2\n",[84,1471,1472],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1473,1474],{"class":102},"3\n",[995,1476,1478],{"id":1477},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,1480,1481],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[75,1483,1485],{"className":77,"code":1484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,1486,1487,1507,1525,1529,1543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1488,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1490,91],{"class":90},[84,1492,95],{"class":94},[84,1494,99],{"class":98},[84,1496,103],{"class":102},[84,1498,106],{"class":98},[84,1500,109],{"class":102},[84,1502,106],{"class":98},[84,1504,114],{"class":102},[84,1506,122],{"class":98},[84,1508,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1510,128],{"class":90},[84,1512,95],{"class":94},[84,1514,134],{"class":133},[84,1516,137],{"class":98},[84,1518,141],{"class":140},[84,1520,106],{"class":98},[84,1522,147],{"class":146},[84,1524,150],{"class":98},[84,1526,1527],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1528,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1530,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1532,156],{"class":133},[84,1534,137],{"class":98},[84,1536,161],{"class":140},[84,1538,137],{"class":98},[84,1540,166],{"class":146},[84,1542,169],{"class":98},[84,1544,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,1546,156],{"class":133},[84,1548,137],{"class":98},[84,1550,161],{"class":140},[84,1552,137],{"class":98},[84,1554,166],{"class":146},[84,1556,169],{"class":98},[20,1558,172],{},[75,1560,1562],{"className":77,"code":1561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,1563,1564,1592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1565,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1567,182],{"class":98},[84,1569,186],{"class":185},[84,1571,103],{"class":189},[84,1573,186],{"class":185},[84,1575,106],{"class":98},[84,1577,196],{"class":185},[84,1579,199],{"class":189},[84,1581,186],{"class":185},[84,1583,106],{"class":98},[84,1585,196],{"class":185},[84,1587,208],{"class":189},[84,1589,186],{"class":185},[84,1591,122],{"class":98},[84,1593,1594],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1595,1596],{"class":98},"[]\n",[20,1598,1599],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,1601,1602],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[75,1604,1606],{"className":77,"code":1605,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1607,1608,1628,1651,1655,1665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1611,91],{"class":90},[84,1613,95],{"class":94},[84,1615,99],{"class":98},[84,1617,103],{"class":102},[84,1619,106],{"class":98},[84,1621,109],{"class":102},[84,1623,106],{"class":98},[84,1625,114],{"class":102},[84,1627,122],{"class":98},[84,1629,1630,1632,1634,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1631,128],{"class":90},[84,1633,95],{"class":94},[84,1635,1636],{"class":140}," list",[84,1638,137],{"class":98},[84,1640,277],{"class":133},[84,1642,137],{"class":98},[84,1644,141],{"class":140},[84,1646,106],{"class":98},[84,1648,147],{"class":146},[84,1650,169],{"class":98},[84,1652,1653],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1654,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1656,1657,1659,1661,1663],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1658,156],{"class":133},[84,1660,137],{"class":98},[84,1662,166],{"class":146},[84,1664,150],{"class":98},[84,1666,1667,1669,1671,1673],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,1668,156],{"class":133},[84,1670,137],{"class":98},[84,1672,166],{"class":146},[84,1674,150],{"class":98},[20,1676,172],{},[75,1678,1680],{"className":77,"code":1679,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,1681,1682,1710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1683,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1685,182],{"class":98},[84,1687,186],{"class":185},[84,1689,103],{"class":189},[84,1691,186],{"class":185},[84,1693,106],{"class":98},[84,1695,196],{"class":185},[84,1697,199],{"class":189},[84,1699,186],{"class":185},[84,1701,106],{"class":98},[84,1703,196],{"class":185},[84,1705,208],{"class":189},[84,1707,186],{"class":185},[84,1709,122],{"class":98},[84,1711,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1713,182],{"class":98},[84,1715,186],{"class":185},[84,1717,103],{"class":189},[84,1719,186],{"class":185},[84,1721,106],{"class":98},[84,1723,196],{"class":185},[84,1725,199],{"class":189},[84,1727,186],{"class":185},[84,1729,106],{"class":98},[84,1731,196],{"class":185},[84,1733,208],{"class":189},[84,1735,186],{"class":185},[84,1737,122],{"class":98},[70,1739,1741,1742],{"id":1740},"when-to-use-map","When to use ",[15,1743,17],{},[20,1745,1746,1748],{},[15,1747,17],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,1750,1751],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,1753,1754,1758,1762],{},[33,1755,1756],{},[15,1757,141],{},[33,1759,1760],{},[15,1761,365],{},[33,1763,1764],{},[15,1765,369],{},[20,1767,814],{},[75,1769,1771],{"className":77,"code":1770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1772,1773,1806,1828,1832],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1774,1775,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1776,1777],{"class":90},"values ",[84,1779,95],{"class":94},[84,1781,99],{"class":98},[84,1783,186],{"class":185},[84,1785,103],{"class":189},[84,1787,186],{"class":185},[84,1789,106],{"class":98},[84,1791,196],{"class":185},[84,1793,199],{"class":189},[84,1795,186],{"class":185},[84,1797,106],{"class":98},[84,1799,196],{"class":185},[84,1801,208],{"class":189},[84,1803,186],{"class":185},[84,1805,122],{"class":98},[84,1807,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1809,91],{"class":90},[84,1811,95],{"class":94},[84,1813,1636],{"class":140},[84,1815,137],{"class":98},[84,1817,277],{"class":133},[84,1819,137],{"class":98},[84,1821,365],{"class":140},[84,1823,106],{"class":98},[84,1825,406],{"class":146},[84,1827,169],{"class":98},[84,1829,1830],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1831,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,1833,1834,1836,1838,1840],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,1835,156],{"class":133},[84,1837,137],{"class":98},[84,1839,535],{"class":146},[84,1841,150],{"class":98},[20,1843,172],{},[75,1845,1847],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1848,1849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1850,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1852,182],{"class":98},[84,1854,103],{"class":102},[84,1856,106],{"class":98},[84,1858,109],{"class":102},[84,1860,106],{"class":98},[84,1862,114],{"class":102},[84,1864,122],{"class":98},[20,1866,1867],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,1869,1870],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[75,1872,1874],{"className":77,"code":1873,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,1875,1876,1896,1918],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1877,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1879,91],{"class":90},[84,1881,95],{"class":94},[84,1883,99],{"class":98},[84,1885,103],{"class":102},[84,1887,106],{"class":98},[84,1889,109],{"class":102},[84,1891,106],{"class":98},[84,1893,114],{"class":102},[84,1895,122],{"class":98},[84,1897,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1899,128],{"class":90},[84,1901,95],{"class":94},[84,1903,1636],{"class":140},[84,1905,137],{"class":98},[84,1907,277],{"class":133},[84,1909,137],{"class":98},[84,1911,141],{"class":140},[84,1913,106],{"class":98},[84,1915,147],{"class":146},[84,1917,169],{"class":98},[84,1919,1920,1922,1924,1926],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1921,156],{"class":133},[84,1923,137],{"class":98},[84,1925,166],{"class":146},[84,1927,150],{"class":98},[75,1929,1931],{"className":77,"code":1930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,1932,1933,1953,1983],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,1934,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,1936,91],{"class":90},[84,1938,95],{"class":94},[84,1940,99],{"class":98},[84,1942,103],{"class":102},[84,1944,106],{"class":98},[84,1946,109],{"class":102},[84,1948,106],{"class":98},[84,1950,114],{"class":102},[84,1952,122],{"class":98},[84,1954,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965,1968,1971,1974,1977,1979,1981],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,1956,128],{"class":90},[84,1958,95],{"class":94},[84,1960,99],{"class":98},[84,1962,141],{"class":140},[84,1964,137],{"class":98},[84,1966,1967],{"class":146},"n",[84,1969,1970],{"class":98},")",[84,1972,1973],{"class":633}," for",[84,1975,1976],{"class":90}," n ",[84,1978,1434],{"class":633},[84,1980,147],{"class":90},[84,1982,122],{"class":98},[84,1984,1985,1987,1989,1991],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,1986,156],{"class":133},[84,1988,137],{"class":98},[84,1990,166],{"class":146},[84,1992,150],{"class":98},[20,1994,1995],{},"Both produce:",[75,1997,1998],{"className":77,"code":1342,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,1999,2000],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2001,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2003,182],{"class":98},[84,2005,186],{"class":185},[84,2007,103],{"class":189},[84,2009,186],{"class":185},[84,2011,106],{"class":98},[84,2013,196],{"class":185},[84,2015,199],{"class":189},[84,2017,186],{"class":185},[84,2019,106],{"class":98},[84,2021,196],{"class":185},[84,2023,208],{"class":189},[84,2025,186],{"class":185},[84,2027,122],{"class":98},[20,2029,2030],{},"A simple rule:",[30,2032,2033,2039,2045],{},[33,2034,2035,2036,2038],{},"use ",[15,2037,17],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,2040,2041,2042,2044],{},"use a ",[15,2043,1428],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,2046,2047],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,2049,2050,2051,307],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[303,2052,2054],{"href":2053},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[70,2056,2058],{"id":2057},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[995,2060,2062,2063],{"id":2061},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,2064,68],{},[20,2066,2067],{},"This is very common:",[75,2069,2070],{"className":77,"code":1184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2071,2072,2092,2110,2114],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2073,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2075,91],{"class":90},[84,2077,95],{"class":94},[84,2079,99],{"class":98},[84,2081,103],{"class":102},[84,2083,106],{"class":98},[84,2085,109],{"class":102},[84,2087,106],{"class":98},[84,2089,114],{"class":102},[84,2091,122],{"class":98},[84,2093,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2095,128],{"class":90},[84,2097,95],{"class":94},[84,2099,134],{"class":133},[84,2101,137],{"class":98},[84,2103,141],{"class":140},[84,2105,106],{"class":98},[84,2107,147],{"class":146},[84,2109,150],{"class":98},[84,2111,2112],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2113,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2115,2116,2118,2120,2122],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2117,156],{"class":133},[84,2119,137],{"class":98},[84,2121,166],{"class":146},[84,2123,150],{"class":98},[20,2125,2126],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,2128,2129],{},"Fix:",[75,2131,2133],{"className":77,"code":2132,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(result))\n",[15,2134,2135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2136,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2138,156],{"class":133},[84,2140,137],{"class":98},[84,2142,161],{"class":140},[84,2144,137],{"class":98},[84,2146,166],{"class":146},[84,2148,169],{"class":98},[995,2150,2152],{"id":2151},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,2154,2155],{},"Wrong:",[75,2157,2159],{"className":77,"code":2158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,2160,2161,2181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2162,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2164,91],{"class":90},[84,2166,95],{"class":94},[84,2168,99],{"class":98},[84,2170,103],{"class":102},[84,2172,106],{"class":98},[84,2174,109],{"class":102},[84,2176,106],{"class":98},[84,2178,114],{"class":102},[84,2180,122],{"class":98},[84,2182,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2196,2198],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2184,128],{"class":90},[84,2186,95],{"class":94},[84,2188,134],{"class":133},[84,2190,137],{"class":98},[84,2192,141],{"class":140},[84,2194,2195],{"class":98},"(),",[84,2197,147],{"class":146},[84,2199,150],{"class":98},[20,2201,2202,2203,2205,2206,2208],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,2204,545],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,2207,17],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,2210,2211],{},"Correct:",[75,2213,2214],{"className":77,"code":1279,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2215,2216,2236,2254,2258],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2217,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232,2234],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2219,91],{"class":90},[84,2221,95],{"class":94},[84,2223,99],{"class":98},[84,2225,103],{"class":102},[84,2227,106],{"class":98},[84,2229,109],{"class":102},[84,2231,106],{"class":98},[84,2233,114],{"class":102},[84,2235,122],{"class":98},[84,2237,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2239,128],{"class":90},[84,2241,95],{"class":94},[84,2243,134],{"class":133},[84,2245,137],{"class":98},[84,2247,141],{"class":140},[84,2249,106],{"class":98},[84,2251,147],{"class":146},[84,2253,150],{"class":98},[84,2255,2256],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2257,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2259,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2261,156],{"class":133},[84,2263,137],{"class":98},[84,2265,161],{"class":140},[84,2267,137],{"class":98},[84,2269,166],{"class":146},[84,2271,169],{"class":98},[995,2273,2275],{"id":2274},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,2277,2278],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,2280,2155],{},[75,2282,2284],{"className":77,"code":2283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,2285,2286,2303,2313,2317,2337,2356,2360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2287,2288,2290,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2289,615],{"class":614},[84,2291,2292],{"class":618}," add",[84,2294,137],{"class":98},[84,2296,303],{"class":624},[84,2298,106],{"class":98},[84,2300,835],{"class":624},[84,2302,628],{"class":98},[84,2304,2305,2307,2309,2311],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2306,634],{"class":633},[84,2308,844],{"class":90},[84,2310,847],{"class":94},[84,2312,850],{"class":90},[84,2314,2315],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2316,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2318,2319,2321,2323,2325,2327,2329,2331,2333,2335],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2320,91],{"class":90},[84,2322,95],{"class":94},[84,2324,99],{"class":98},[84,2326,103],{"class":102},[84,2328,106],{"class":98},[84,2330,109],{"class":102},[84,2332,106],{"class":98},[84,2334,114],{"class":102},[84,2336,122],{"class":98},[84,2338,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2350,2352,2354],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,2340,128],{"class":90},[84,2342,95],{"class":94},[84,2344,134],{"class":133},[84,2346,137],{"class":98},[84,2348,2349],{"class":146},"add",[84,2351,106],{"class":98},[84,2353,147],{"class":146},[84,2355,150],{"class":98},[84,2357,2358],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,2359,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2361,2362,2364,2366,2368,2370,2372],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,2363,156],{"class":133},[84,2365,137],{"class":98},[84,2367,161],{"class":140},[84,2369,137],{"class":98},[84,2371,166],{"class":146},[84,2373,169],{"class":98},[20,2375,2211],{},[75,2377,2379],{"className":77,"code":2378,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,2380,2381,2397,2407,2411,2431,2451,2473,2477],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2382,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2384,615],{"class":614},[84,2386,2292],{"class":618},[84,2388,137],{"class":98},[84,2390,303],{"class":624},[84,2392,106],{"class":98},[84,2394,835],{"class":624},[84,2396,628],{"class":98},[84,2398,2399,2401,2403,2405],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2400,634],{"class":633},[84,2402,844],{"class":90},[84,2404,847],{"class":94},[84,2406,850],{"class":90},[84,2408,2409],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2410,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2412,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2414,859],{"class":90},[84,2416,95],{"class":94},[84,2418,99],{"class":98},[84,2420,103],{"class":102},[84,2422,106],{"class":98},[84,2424,109],{"class":102},[84,2426,106],{"class":98},[84,2428,114],{"class":102},[84,2430,122],{"class":98},[84,2432,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,2434,880],{"class":90},[84,2436,95],{"class":94},[84,2438,99],{"class":98},[84,2440,437],{"class":102},[84,2442,106],{"class":98},[84,2444,442],{"class":102},[84,2446,106],{"class":98},[84,2448,447],{"class":102},[84,2450,122],{"class":98},[84,2452,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467,2469,2471],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,2454,128],{"class":90},[84,2456,95],{"class":94},[84,2458,134],{"class":133},[84,2460,137],{"class":98},[84,2462,2349],{"class":146},[84,2464,106],{"class":98},[84,2466,918],{"class":146},[84,2468,106],{"class":98},[84,2470,923],{"class":146},[84,2472,150],{"class":98},[84,2474,2475],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,2476,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2478,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,2480,156],{"class":133},[84,2482,137],{"class":98},[84,2484,161],{"class":140},[84,2486,137],{"class":98},[84,2488,166],{"class":146},[84,2490,169],{"class":98},[995,2492,2494],{"id":2493},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,2496,2155],{},[75,2498,2499],{"className":77,"code":1484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,2500,2501,2521,2539,2543,2557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2502,2503,2505,2507,2509,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2504,91],{"class":90},[84,2506,95],{"class":94},[84,2508,99],{"class":98},[84,2510,103],{"class":102},[84,2512,106],{"class":98},[84,2514,109],{"class":102},[84,2516,106],{"class":98},[84,2518,114],{"class":102},[84,2520,122],{"class":98},[84,2522,2523,2525,2527,2529,2531,2533,2535,2537],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2524,128],{"class":90},[84,2526,95],{"class":94},[84,2528,134],{"class":133},[84,2530,137],{"class":98},[84,2532,141],{"class":140},[84,2534,106],{"class":98},[84,2536,147],{"class":146},[84,2538,150],{"class":98},[84,2540,2541],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2542,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,2544,2545,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2546,156],{"class":133},[84,2548,137],{"class":98},[84,2550,161],{"class":140},[84,2552,137],{"class":98},[84,2554,166],{"class":146},[84,2556,169],{"class":98},[84,2558,2559,2561,2563,2565,2567,2569],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,2560,156],{"class":133},[84,2562,137],{"class":98},[84,2564,161],{"class":140},[84,2566,137],{"class":98},[84,2568,166],{"class":146},[84,2570,169],{"class":98},[20,2572,2573],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,2575,2576],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[70,2578,2580],{"id":2579},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,2582,2583,2584,2586],{},"If ",[15,2585,17],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,2588,2590],{"className":77,"code":2589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,2591,2592,2602,2616,2631,2643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2593,2594,2596,2598,2600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2595,156],{"class":133},[84,2597,137],{"class":98},[84,2599,166],{"class":146},[84,2601,150],{"class":98},[84,2603,2604,2606,2608,2610,2612,2614],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2605,156],{"class":133},[84,2607,137],{"class":98},[84,2609,161],{"class":140},[84,2611,137],{"class":98},[84,2613,166],{"class":146},[84,2615,169],{"class":98},[84,2617,2618,2620,2622,2625,2627,2629],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2619,156],{"class":133},[84,2621,137],{"class":98},[84,2623,2624],{"class":140},"type",[84,2626,137],{"class":98},[84,2628,166],{"class":146},[84,2630,169],{"class":98},[84,2632,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,2634,1428],{"class":633},[84,2636,1431],{"class":90},[84,2638,1434],{"class":633},[84,2640,1437],{"class":90},[84,2642,1440],{"class":98},[84,2644,2645,2647,2649,2651],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,2646,1445],{"class":133},[84,2648,137],{"class":98},[84,2650,1450],{"class":146},[84,2652,150],{"class":98},[20,2654,2655],{},"What these show:",[30,2657,2658,2663,2669,2675],{},[33,2659,2660,2662],{},[15,2661,1177],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,2664,2665,2668],{},[15,2666,2667],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the actual mapped values",[33,2670,2671,2674],{},[15,2672,2673],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,2676,2677,2678,2680],{},"looping over ",[15,2679,166],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,2682,2683,2684,2687,2688,2690],{},"Be careful: ",[15,2685,2686],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,2689,1428],{}," loop consume the map object.",[70,2692,2694],{"id":2693},"faq","FAQ",[995,2696,2698,2699,2701],{"id":2697},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python","Does ",[15,2700,17],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,2703,2704,2705,2707,2708,2711],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,2706,17],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,2709,2710],{},"list(map(...))"," if you need a list.",[995,2713,2715,2716,2718,2719,2721],{"id":2714},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop","Is ",[15,2717,17],{}," better than a ",[15,2720,1428],{}," loop?",[20,2723,2724,2725,2727,2728,2730],{},"Not always. ",[15,2726,17],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,2729,1428],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[995,2732,2734,2735,2737],{"id":2733},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list","Can ",[15,2736,17],{}," use more than one list?",[20,2739,2740],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[995,2742,2744],{"id":2743},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,2746,2747],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[70,2749,2751],{"id":2750},"see-also","See also",[30,2753,2754,2762,2768,2774,2779],{},[33,2755,2756],{},[303,2757,13,2759,591],{"href":2758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",[15,2760,2761],{},"filter()",[33,2763,2764],{},[303,2765,13,2766,591],{"href":588},[15,2767,68],{},[33,2769,2770],{},[303,2771,2773],{"href":2772},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","How to filter a list in Python",[33,2775,2776],{},[303,2777,2778],{"href":2053},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,2780,2781],{},[303,2782,2783],{"href":305},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[2785,2786,2787],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":2789},[2790,2791,2793,2794,2795,2797,2802,2809,2811,2818,2819,2828],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":234,"depth":125,"text":2792},"What map() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":594,"depth":125,"text":2796},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":800,"depth":125,"text":2798,"children":2799},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[2800],{"id":997,"depth":153,"text":2801},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":1154,"depth":125,"text":2803,"children":2804},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[2805,2807,2808],{"id":1173,"depth":153,"text":2806},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":1375,"depth":153,"text":1376},{"id":1477,"depth":153,"text":1478},{"id":1740,"depth":125,"text":2810},"When to use map()",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":2812},[2813,2815,2816,2817],{"id":2061,"depth":153,"text":2814},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":2151,"depth":153,"text":2152},{"id":2274,"depth":153,"text":2275},{"id":2493,"depth":153,"text":2494},{"id":2579,"depth":125,"text":2580},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":2820},[2821,2823,2825,2827],{"id":2697,"depth":153,"text":2822},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":2714,"depth":153,"text":2824},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":2733,"depth":153,"text":2826},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":2743,"depth":153,"text":2744},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2829},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",[2837,4425,6119,7811,9949,12154,13670,15846,18048,20508,22347,24910,27007,29289,31237,33147,35140,36576,38399,40906,43067,44296,45666,47313,49631,51475,53457,55150,56402,58096,59847,61819,63569,65668,67027,68976,70539,72530,74325,76225,78666,80744,83169,85198,87161,89349,91353,93666,95348,96793,97987,99165,101005,103445,105149,107164,108688,109933,111096,112478,114549,116446,118220,120086,122205,123945,125407,127001,128924,130601,132536,134025,136809,138386,139945,141973,143925,145388,146577,148463,149874,151570,153124,154546,155949,157847,160241,162072],{"id":2838,"title":2839,"body":2840,"description":4419,"extension":2830,"meta":4420,"navigation":472,"path":4421,"seo":4422,"stem":4423,"__hash__":4424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2841,"toc":4391},[2842,2845,2852,2855,2866,2869,2871,2932,2934,2954,2959,2963,2968,2971,2987,2990,3016,3019,3021,3024,3039,3041,3065,3067,3125,3127,3142,3152,3163,3167,3170,3222,3224,3244,3247,3271,3278,3282,3287,3293,3295,3332,3334,3343,3349,3366,3369,3381,3385,3390,3394,3397,3417,3419,3477,3479,3487,3490,3494,3526,3528,3536,3539,3543,3548,3596,3598,3606,3610,3670,3672,3680,3683,3687,3691,3694,3718,3727,3744,3795,3797,3812,3823,3827,3830,3859,3866,3870,3875,3916,3918,3929,3932,3975,3977,3985,3989,3994,4016,4018,4027,4036,4040,4045,4067,4069,4139,4141,4189,4192,4195,4198,4279,4281,4311,4313,4317,4320,4324,4327,4331,4334,4338,4350,4354,4357,4359,4388],[10,2843,2839],{"id":2844},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2846,2847,2848,2851],{},"The ",[15,2849,2850],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2853,2854],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,2856,2857,2860,2863],{},[33,2858,2859],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,2861,2862],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,2864,2865],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2867,2868],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[70,2870,73],{"id":72},[75,2872,2874],{"className":77,"code":2873,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2875,2876,2894,2909],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2877,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886,2889,2892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2879,156],{"class":133},[84,2881,137],{"class":98},[84,2883,369],{"class":133},[84,2885,137],{"class":98},[84,2887,2888],{"class":94},"-",[84,2890,2891],{"class":102},"7",[84,2893,169],{"class":98},[84,2895,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904,2907],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2897,156],{"class":133},[84,2899,137],{"class":98},[84,2901,369],{"class":133},[84,2903,137],{"class":98},[84,2905,2906],{"class":102},"3.5",[84,2908,169],{"class":98},[84,2910,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2930],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2912,156],{"class":133},[84,2914,137],{"class":98},[84,2916,369],{"class":133},[84,2918,137],{"class":98},[84,2920,2888],{"class":94},[84,2922,199],{"class":102},[84,2924,847],{"class":94},[84,2926,208],{"class":102},[84,2928,2929],{"class":614},"j",[84,2931,169],{"class":98},[20,2933,172],{},[75,2935,2937],{"className":77,"code":2936,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2938,2939,2944,2949],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,2940,2941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,2942,2943],{"class":102},"7\n",[84,2945,2946],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,2947,2948],{"class":102},"3.5\n",[84,2950,2951],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,2952,2953],{"class":102},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2955,224,2956,2958],{},[15,2957,2850],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[70,2960,2962],{"id":2961},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2964,2965,2967],{},[15,2966,2850],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2969,2970],{},"That means:",[30,2972,2973,2976,2979],{},[33,2974,2975],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2977,2978],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2980,2981,2984,2985],{},[15,2982,2983],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2986,2983],{},[20,2988,2989],{},"Examples:",[30,2991,2992,3001,3009],{},[33,2993,2994,2997,2998],{},[15,2995,2996],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2999,3000],{},"5",[33,3002,3003,2997,3006],{},[15,3004,3005],{},"abs(9)",[15,3007,3008],{},"9",[33,3010,3011,2997,3014],{},[15,3012,3013],{},"abs(0)",[15,3015,2983],{},[20,3017,3018],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[70,3020,311],{"id":310},[20,3022,3023],{},"The syntax is:",[75,3025,3027],{"className":77,"code":3026,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abs(x)\n",[15,3028,3029],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3030,3031,3033,3035,3037],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3032,369],{"class":133},[84,3034,137],{"class":98},[84,3036,625],{"class":146},[84,3038,150],{"class":98},[20,3040,974],{},[30,3042,3043,3057,3062],{},[33,3044,3045,3047,3048,362,3050,366,3053,3056],{},[15,3046,625],{}," is usually an ",[15,3049,365],{},[15,3051,3052],{},"float",[15,3054,3055],{},"complex"," number",[33,3058,3059,3061],{},[15,3060,2850],{}," returns a new value",[33,3063,3064],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,3066,814],{},[75,3068,3070],{"className":77,"code":3069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,3071,3072,3085,3101,3105,3115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3073,3074,3077,3079,3082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3075,3076],{"class":90},"number ",[84,3078,95],{"class":94},[84,3080,3081],{"class":94}," -",[84,3083,3084],{"class":102},"12\n",[84,3086,3087,3089,3091,3094,3096,3099],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3088,128],{"class":90},[84,3090,95],{"class":94},[84,3092,3093],{"class":133}," abs",[84,3095,137],{"class":98},[84,3097,3098],{"class":146},"number",[84,3100,150],{"class":98},[84,3102,3103],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3104,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3106,3107,3109,3111,3113],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3108,156],{"class":133},[84,3110,137],{"class":98},[84,3112,3098],{"class":146},[84,3114,150],{"class":98},[84,3116,3117,3119,3121,3123],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,3118,156],{"class":133},[84,3120,137],{"class":98},[84,3122,166],{"class":146},[84,3124,150],{"class":98},[20,3126,172],{},[75,3128,3130],{"className":77,"code":3129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-12\n12\n",[15,3131,3132,3138],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3133,3134,3136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3135,2888],{"class":94},[84,3137,3084],{"class":102},[84,3139,3140],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3141,3084],{"class":102},[20,3143,3144,3145,3147,3148,3151],{},"Notice that ",[15,3146,3098],{}," is still ",[15,3149,3150],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,3153,3154,3155,3162],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[303,3156,3158,3161],{"href":3157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,3159,3160],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[70,3164,3166],{"id":3165},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,3168,3169],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[75,3171,3173],{"className":77,"code":3172,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,3174,3175,3191,3205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3176,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3178,156],{"class":133},[84,3180,137],{"class":98},[84,3182,369],{"class":133},[84,3184,137],{"class":98},[84,3186,2888],{"class":94},[84,3188,437],{"class":102},[84,3190,169],{"class":98},[84,3192,3193,3195,3197,3199,3201,3203],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3194,156],{"class":133},[84,3196,137],{"class":98},[84,3198,369],{"class":133},[84,3200,137],{"class":98},[84,3202,797],{"class":102},[84,3204,169],{"class":98},[84,3206,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217,3220],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3208,156],{"class":133},[84,3210,137],{"class":98},[84,3212,369],{"class":133},[84,3214,137],{"class":98},[84,3216,2888],{"class":94},[84,3218,3219],{"class":102},"4.2",[84,3221,169],{"class":98},[20,3223,172],{},[75,3225,3227],{"className":77,"code":3226,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3228,3229,3234,3239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3230,3231],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3232,3233],{"class":102},"10\n",[84,3235,3236],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3237,3238],{"class":102},"8\n",[84,3240,3241],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3242,3243],{"class":102},"4.2\n",[20,3245,3246],{},"What each line does:",[30,3248,3249,3257,3264],{},[33,3250,3251,3254,3255],{},[15,3252,3253],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3256,437],{},[33,3258,3259,3254,3262],{},[15,3260,3261],{},"abs(8)",[15,3263,797],{},[33,3265,3266,3254,3269],{},[15,3267,3268],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3270,3219],{},[20,3272,3273,3274,307],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[303,3275,3277],{"href":3276},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[70,3279,3281],{"id":3280},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3283,3284,3286],{},[15,3285,2850],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3288,3289,3290,3292],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3291,2983],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3294,814],{},[75,3296,3298],{"className":77,"code":3297,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3299,3300,3317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3301,3302,3305,3307,3309,3312,3314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3303,3304],{"class":90},"value ",[84,3306,95],{"class":94},[84,3308,114],{"class":102},[84,3310,3311],{"class":94}," +",[84,3313,119],{"class":102},[84,3315,3316],{"class":614},"j\n",[84,3318,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3330],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3320,156],{"class":133},[84,3322,137],{"class":98},[84,3324,369],{"class":133},[84,3326,137],{"class":98},[84,3328,3329],{"class":146},"value",[84,3331,169],{"class":98},[20,3333,172],{},[75,3335,3337],{"className":77,"code":3336,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n",[15,3338,3339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3340,3341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3342,3336],{"class":102},[20,3344,1174,3345,3348],{},[15,3346,3347],{},"5.0","?",[30,3350,3351,3356,3361],{},[33,3352,3353,3354],{},"the real part is ",[15,3355,208],{},[33,3357,3358,3359],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3360,217],{},[33,3362,3363,3364],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3365,3347],{},[20,3367,3368],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,3370,3371,3378],{},[33,3372,3373,3375,3376],{},[15,3374,2850],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3377,3052],{},[33,3379,3380],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[70,3382,3384],{"id":3383},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3386,3387,3388,307],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3389,2850],{},[995,3391,3393],{"id":3392},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3395,3396],{},"A very common pattern is:",[75,3398,3400],{"className":77,"code":3399,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3401,3402],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3403,3404,3406,3408,3411,3413,3415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3405,369],{"class":133},[84,3407,137],{"class":98},[84,3409,3410],{"class":146},"a ",[84,3412,2888],{"class":94},[84,3414,835],{"class":146},[84,3416,150],{"class":98},[20,3418,814],{},[75,3420,3422],{"className":77,"code":3421,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3423,3424,3433,3443,3447,3466],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3425,3426,3428,3430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3427,3410],{"class":90},[84,3429,95],{"class":94},[84,3431,3432],{"class":102}," 3\n",[84,3434,3435,3438,3440],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3436,3437],{"class":90},"b ",[84,3439,95],{"class":94},[84,3441,3442],{"class":102}," 10\n",[84,3444,3445],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3446,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3448,3449,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3450,3451],{"class":90},"distance ",[84,3453,95],{"class":94},[84,3455,3093],{"class":133},[84,3457,137],{"class":98},[84,3459,3410],{"class":146},[84,3461,2888],{"class":94},[84,3463,835],{"class":146},[84,3465,150],{"class":98},[84,3467,3468,3470,3472,3475],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,3469,156],{"class":133},[84,3471,137],{"class":98},[84,3473,3474],{"class":146},"distance",[84,3476,150],{"class":98},[20,3478,172],{},[75,3480,3481],{"className":77,"code":2943,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3482,3483],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3484,3485],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3486,2943],{"class":102},[20,3488,3489],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[995,3491,3493],{"id":3492},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[75,3495,3497],{"className":77,"code":3496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3498,3499,3511],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3500,3501,3504,3506,3508],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3502,3503],{"class":90},"temperature_change ",[84,3505,95],{"class":94},[84,3507,3081],{"class":94},[84,3509,3510],{"class":102},"6\n",[84,3512,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3524],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3514,156],{"class":133},[84,3516,137],{"class":98},[84,3518,369],{"class":133},[84,3520,137],{"class":98},[84,3522,3523],{"class":146},"temperature_change",[84,3525,169],{"class":98},[20,3527,172],{},[75,3529,3530],{"className":77,"code":3510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3531,3532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3533,3534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3535,3510],{"class":102},[20,3537,3538],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[995,3540,3542],{"id":3541},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3544,3545,3546,3162],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3547,2850],{},[75,3549,3551],{"className":77,"code":3550,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3552,3553,3565,3581,3585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3554,3555,3558,3560,3562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3556,3557],{"class":90},"balance_change ",[84,3559,95],{"class":94},[84,3561,3081],{"class":94},[84,3563,3564],{"class":102},"25\n",[84,3566,3567,3570,3572,3574,3576,3579],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3568,3569],{"class":90},"safe_value ",[84,3571,95],{"class":94},[84,3573,3093],{"class":133},[84,3575,137],{"class":98},[84,3577,3578],{"class":146},"balance_change",[84,3580,150],{"class":98},[84,3582,3583],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3584,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3586,3587,3589,3591,3594],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3588,156],{"class":133},[84,3590,137],{"class":98},[84,3592,3593],{"class":146},"safe_value",[84,3595,150],{"class":98},[20,3597,172],{},[75,3599,3600],{"className":77,"code":3564,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3601,3602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3603,3604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3605,3564],{"class":102},[995,3607,3609],{"id":3608},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[75,3611,3613],{"className":77,"code":3612,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3614,3615,3625,3635,3639,3659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3616,3617,3620,3622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3618,3619],{"class":90},"guess ",[84,3621,95],{"class":94},[84,3623,3624],{"class":102}," 42\n",[84,3626,3627,3630,3632],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3628,3629],{"class":90},"target ",[84,3631,95],{"class":94},[84,3633,3634],{"class":102}," 50\n",[84,3636,3637],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3638,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3640,3641,3644,3646,3648,3650,3652,3654,3657],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3642,3643],{"class":90},"difference ",[84,3645,95],{"class":94},[84,3647,3093],{"class":133},[84,3649,137],{"class":98},[84,3651,3619],{"class":146},[84,3653,2888],{"class":94},[84,3655,3656],{"class":146}," target",[84,3658,150],{"class":98},[84,3660,3661,3663,3665,3668],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,3662,156],{"class":133},[84,3664,137],{"class":98},[84,3666,3667],{"class":146},"difference",[84,3669,150],{"class":98},[20,3671,172],{},[75,3673,3674],{"className":77,"code":3238,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3675,3676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3677,3678],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3679,3238],{"class":102},[20,3681,3682],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[70,3684,3686],{"id":3685},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[995,3688,3690],{"id":3689},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3692,3693],{},"This causes an error:",[75,3695,3697],{"className":77,"code":3696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3698,3699],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3700,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709,3712,3714,3716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3702,156],{"class":133},[84,3704,137],{"class":98},[84,3706,369],{"class":133},[84,3708,137],{"class":98},[84,3710,3711],{"class":185},"\"",[84,3713,3000],{"class":189},[84,3715,3711],{"class":185},[84,3717,169],{"class":98},[20,3719,3720,3723,3724,3726],{},[15,3721,3722],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3725,2850],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3728,3729,3730,3736,3737,3743],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[303,3731,3733],{"href":3732},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3734,3735],{},"int()"," or ",[303,3738,3740],{"href":3739},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3741,3742],{},"float()",":",[75,3745,3747],{"className":77,"code":3746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3748,3749,3772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3750,3751,3753,3755,3757,3759,3761,3763,3765,3767,3769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3752,156],{"class":133},[84,3754,137],{"class":98},[84,3756,369],{"class":133},[84,3758,137],{"class":98},[84,3760,365],{"class":140},[84,3762,137],{"class":98},[84,3764,3711],{"class":185},[84,3766,3000],{"class":189},[84,3768,3711],{"class":185},[84,3770,3771],{"class":98},")))\n",[84,3773,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786,3788,3791,3793],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3775,156],{"class":133},[84,3777,137],{"class":98},[84,3779,369],{"class":133},[84,3781,137],{"class":98},[84,3783,3052],{"class":140},[84,3785,137],{"class":98},[84,3787,3711],{"class":185},[84,3789,3790],{"class":189},"-3.2",[84,3792,3711],{"class":185},[84,3794,3771],{"class":98},[20,3796,172],{},[75,3798,3800],{"className":77,"code":3799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3801,3802,3807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3803,3804],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3805,3806],{"class":102},"5\n",[84,3808,3809],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3810,3811],{"class":102},"3.2\n",[20,3813,3814,3815,3818,3819,307],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3816,3817],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[303,3820,3822],{"href":3821},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[995,3824,3826],{"id":3825},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3828,3829],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[75,3831,3833],{"className":77,"code":3832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3834,3835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3836,3837,3839,3841,3843,3846,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3838,156],{"class":133},[84,3840,137],{"class":98},[84,3842,369],{"class":133},[84,3844,3845],{"class":98},"([",[84,3847,103],{"class":102},[84,3849,106],{"class":98},[84,3851,109],{"class":102},[84,3853,106],{"class":98},[84,3855,114],{"class":102},[84,3857,3858],{"class":98},"]))\n",[20,3860,3861,3862,3865],{},"This raises a ",[15,3863,3864],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[995,3867,3869],{"id":3868},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3871,3872,3874],{},[15,3873,2850],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[75,3876,3878],{"className":77,"code":3877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3879,3880,3892,3902,3906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3881,3882,3885,3887,3889],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3883,3884],{"class":90},"x ",[84,3886,95],{"class":94},[84,3888,3081],{"class":94},[84,3890,3891],{"class":102},"9\n",[84,3893,3894,3896,3898,3900],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3895,369],{"class":133},[84,3897,137],{"class":98},[84,3899,625],{"class":146},[84,3901,150],{"class":98},[84,3903,3904],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3905,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3907,3908,3910,3912,3914],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3909,156],{"class":133},[84,3911,137],{"class":98},[84,3913,625],{"class":146},[84,3915,150],{"class":98},[20,3917,172],{},[75,3919,3921],{"className":77,"code":3920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-9\n",[15,3922,3923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3924,3925,3927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3926,2888],{"class":94},[84,3928,3891],{"class":102},[20,3930,3931],{},"If you want to store the result:",[75,3933,3935],{"className":77,"code":3934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3936,3937,3947,3961,3965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3938,3939,3941,3943,3945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3940,3884],{"class":90},[84,3942,95],{"class":94},[84,3944,3081],{"class":94},[84,3946,3891],{"class":102},[84,3948,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,3950,3884],{"class":90},[84,3952,95],{"class":94},[84,3954,3093],{"class":133},[84,3956,137],{"class":98},[84,3958,625],{"class":146},[84,3960,150],{"class":98},[84,3962,3963],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,3964,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,3966,3967,3969,3971,3973],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,3968,156],{"class":133},[84,3970,137],{"class":98},[84,3972,625],{"class":146},[84,3974,150],{"class":98},[20,3976,172],{},[75,3978,3979],{"className":77,"code":3891,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,3980,3981],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,3982,3983],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,3984,3891],{"class":102},[995,3986,3988],{"id":3987},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3990,3991,3993],{},[15,3992,2850],{}," does not round numbers.",[75,3995,3997],{"className":77,"code":3996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3998,3999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4000,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4002,156],{"class":133},[84,4004,137],{"class":98},[84,4006,369],{"class":133},[84,4008,137],{"class":98},[84,4010,2888],{"class":94},[84,4012,4013],{"class":102},"4.7",[84,4015,169],{"class":98},[20,4017,172],{},[75,4019,4021],{"className":77,"code":4020,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4.7\n",[15,4022,4023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4024,4025],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4026,4020],{"class":102},[20,4028,4029,4030,4032,4033,4035],{},"If you expected ",[15,4031,3000],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,4034,2850],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[70,4037,4039],{"id":4038},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,4041,4042,4044],{},[15,4043,2850],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,4046,4047,4054,4061],{},[33,4048,4049,4051,4052],{},[15,4050,365],{}," input → returns an ",[15,4053,365],{},[33,4055,4056,4058,4059],{},[15,4057,3052],{}," input → returns a ",[15,4060,3052],{},[33,4062,4063,4058,4065],{},[15,4064,3055],{},[15,4066,3052],{},[20,4068,814],{},[75,4070,4072],{"className":77,"code":4071,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,4073,4074,4094,4115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4075,4076,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4077,156],{"class":133},[84,4079,137],{"class":98},[84,4081,2624],{"class":140},[84,4083,137],{"class":98},[84,4085,369],{"class":133},[84,4087,137],{"class":98},[84,4089,2888],{"class":94},[84,4091,3000],{"class":102},[84,4093,3771],{"class":98},[84,4095,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110,4113],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4097,156],{"class":133},[84,4099,137],{"class":98},[84,4101,2624],{"class":140},[84,4103,137],{"class":98},[84,4105,369],{"class":133},[84,4107,137],{"class":98},[84,4109,2888],{"class":94},[84,4111,4112],{"class":102},"3.2",[84,4114,3771],{"class":98},[84,4116,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4118,156],{"class":133},[84,4120,137],{"class":98},[84,4122,2624],{"class":140},[84,4124,137],{"class":98},[84,4126,369],{"class":133},[84,4128,137],{"class":98},[84,4130,208],{"class":102},[84,4132,3311],{"class":94},[84,4134,119],{"class":102},[84,4136,2929],{"class":614},[84,4138,3771],{"class":98},[20,4140,172],{},[75,4142,4144],{"className":77,"code":4143,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,4145,4146,4161,4175],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4147,4148,4150,4153,4155,4157,4159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4149,1251],{"class":94},[84,4151,4152],{"class":614},"class",[84,4154,196],{"class":185},[84,4156,365],{"class":189},[84,4158,186],{"class":185},[84,4160,1270],{"class":94},[84,4162,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171,4173],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4164,1251],{"class":94},[84,4166,4152],{"class":614},[84,4168,196],{"class":185},[84,4170,3052],{"class":189},[84,4172,186],{"class":185},[84,4174,1270],{"class":94},[84,4176,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4178,1251],{"class":94},[84,4180,4152],{"class":614},[84,4182,196],{"class":185},[84,4184,3052],{"class":189},[84,4186,186],{"class":185},[84,4188,1270],{"class":94},[20,4190,4191],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,4193,4194],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,4196,4197],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[75,4199,4201],{"className":77,"code":4200,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,4202,4203,4218,4228,4242,4246,4260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4204,4205,4207,4209,4212,4215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4206,3304],{"class":90},[84,4208,95],{"class":94},[84,4210,4211],{"class":185}," \"",[84,4213,4214],{"class":189},"-5",[84,4216,4217],{"class":185},"\"\n",[84,4219,4220,4222,4224,4226],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4221,156],{"class":133},[84,4223,137],{"class":98},[84,4225,3329],{"class":146},[84,4227,150],{"class":98},[84,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4231,156],{"class":133},[84,4233,137],{"class":98},[84,4235,2624],{"class":140},[84,4237,137],{"class":98},[84,4239,3329],{"class":146},[84,4241,169],{"class":98},[84,4243,4244],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,4245,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,4247,4248,4251,4253,4255,4258],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,4249,4250],{"class":90},"user_input ",[84,4252,95],{"class":94},[84,4254,4211],{"class":185},[84,4256,4257],{"class":189},"-3.7",[84,4259,4217],{"class":185},[84,4261,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4277],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,4263,156],{"class":133},[84,4265,137],{"class":98},[84,4267,369],{"class":133},[84,4269,137],{"class":98},[84,4271,3052],{"class":140},[84,4273,137],{"class":98},[84,4275,4276],{"class":146},"user_input",[84,4278,3771],{"class":98},[20,4280,172],{},[75,4282,4284],{"className":77,"code":4283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4285,4286,4292,4306],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4287,4288,4290],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4289,2888],{"class":94},[84,4291,3806],{"class":102},[84,4293,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4295,1251],{"class":94},[84,4297,4152],{"class":614},[84,4299,196],{"class":185},[84,4301,141],{"class":189},[84,4303,186],{"class":185},[84,4305,1270],{"class":94},[84,4307,4308],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4309,4310],{"class":102},"3.7\n",[70,4312,2694],{"id":2693},[995,4314,4316],{"id":4315},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4318,4319],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[995,4321,4323],{"id":4322},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4325,4326],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[995,4328,4330],{"id":4329},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4332,4333],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[995,4335,4337],{"id":4336},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4339,4340,4342,4343,3736,4345,4347,4348,307],{},[15,4341,3817],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4344,3735],{},[15,4346,3742],{}," before using ",[15,4349,2850],{},[995,4351,4353],{"id":4352},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4355,4356],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[70,4358,2751],{"id":2750},[30,4360,4361,4367,4373,4379,4384],{},[33,4362,4363],{},[303,4364,4365,591],{"href":3732},[15,4366,3735],{},[33,4368,4369],{},[303,4370,4371,591],{"href":3739},[15,4372,3742],{},[33,4374,4375],{},[303,4376,4377,591],{"href":3157},[15,4378,3160],{},[33,4380,4381],{},[303,4382,4383],{"href":3821},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,4385,4386],{},[303,4387,3277],{"href":3276},[2785,4389,4390],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":4392},[4393,4394,4395,4396,4397,4398,4404,4410,4411,4418],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":2961,"depth":125,"text":2962},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":3165,"depth":125,"text":3166},{"id":3280,"depth":125,"text":3281},{"id":3383,"depth":125,"text":3384,"children":4399},[4400,4401,4402,4403],{"id":3392,"depth":153,"text":3393},{"id":3492,"depth":153,"text":3493},{"id":3541,"depth":153,"text":3542},{"id":3608,"depth":153,"text":3609},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":4405},[4406,4407,4408,4409],{"id":3689,"depth":153,"text":3690},{"id":3825,"depth":153,"text":3826},{"id":3868,"depth":153,"text":3869},{"id":3987,"depth":153,"text":3988},{"id":4038,"depth":125,"text":4039},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":4412},[4413,4414,4415,4416,4417],{"id":4315,"depth":153,"text":4316},{"id":4322,"depth":153,"text":4323},{"id":4329,"depth":153,"text":4330},{"id":4336,"depth":153,"text":4337},{"id":4352,"depth":153,"text":4353},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2839,"description":4419},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4426,"title":4427,"body":4428,"description":6113,"extension":2830,"meta":6114,"navigation":472,"path":6115,"seo":6116,"stem":6117,"__hash__":6118},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4429,"toc":6077},[4430,4436,4441,4444,4461,4465,4519,4529,4534,4538,4557,4559,4575,4578,4582,4590,4607,4610,4650,4653,4660,4666,4738,4740,4771,4777,4781,4785,4824,4826,4835,4842,4846,4885,4887,4896,4906,4910,4966,4968,4976,4979,4982,5029,5031,5039,5045,5052,5057,5060,5063,5129,5131,5139,5142,5209,5211,5219,5233,5236,5246,5250,5256,5259,5261,5277,5279,5287,5290,5293,5296,5313,5316,5319,5349,5351,5364,5366,5370,5373,5388,5393,5396,5423,5430,5433,5473,5479,5485,5493,5496,5548,5555,5620,5625,5634,5637,5655,5661,5664,5806,5811,5816,5819,5830,5833,5889,5891,5899,5902,5961,5963,5971,5974,5982,5984,5991,6000,6009,6012,6018,6021,6030,6043,6045,6074],[10,4431,13,4433,18],{"id":4432},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4434,4435],{},"all()",[20,4437,22,4438,4440],{},[15,4439,4435],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4442,4443],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,4445,4446,4449,4452],{},[33,4447,4448],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,4450,4451],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,4453,4454,3254,4457,4460],{},[15,4455,4456],{},"all([])",[15,4458,4459],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[70,4462,4464],{"id":4463},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[75,4466,4468],{"className":77,"code":4467,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4469,4470,4490,4505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4471,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4473,91],{"class":90},[84,4475,95],{"class":94},[84,4477,99],{"class":98},[84,4479,103],{"class":102},[84,4481,106],{"class":98},[84,4483,109],{"class":102},[84,4485,106],{"class":98},[84,4487,114],{"class":102},[84,4489,122],{"class":98},[84,4491,4492,4494,4496,4499,4501,4503],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4493,128],{"class":90},[84,4495,95],{"class":94},[84,4497,4498],{"class":133}," all",[84,4500,137],{"class":98},[84,4502,535],{"class":146},[84,4504,150],{"class":98},[84,4506,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4508,156],{"class":133},[84,4510,137],{"class":98},[84,4512,166],{"class":146},[84,4514,1970],{"class":98},[84,4516,4518],{"class":4517},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,4520,4521,3254,4523,4525,4526,307],{},[15,4522,4435],{},[15,4524,4459],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4527,4528],{},"False",[70,4530,235,4532,238],{"id":4531},"what-all-does",[15,4533,4435],{},[20,4535,4536,3743],{},[15,4537,4435],{},[30,4539,4540,4543,4549,4554],{},[33,4541,4542],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,4544,4545,4546,4548],{},"returns ",[15,4547,4459],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,4550,4545,4551,4553],{},[15,4552,4528],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,4555,4556],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4558,333],{},[75,4560,4562],{"className":77,"code":4561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4563,4564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4565,4566,4569,4571,4573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4567,4568],{"class":133},"all",[84,4570,137],{"class":98},[84,4572,249],{"class":146},[84,4574,150],{"class":98},[20,4576,4577],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[70,4579,4581],{"id":4580},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4583,4584,4585,3736,4587,4589],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4586,4459],{},[15,4588,4528],{}," in conditions.",[30,4591,4592,4600],{},[33,4593,4594,4597,4598],{},[53,4595,4596],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4599,4459],{},[33,4601,4602,4597,4605],{},[53,4603,4604],{},"Falsy",[15,4606,4528],{},[20,4608,4609],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,4611,4612,4616,4621,4626,4631,4635,4640,4645],{},[33,4613,4614],{},[15,4615,2983],{},[33,4617,4618],{},[15,4619,4620],{},"0.0",[33,4622,4623],{},[15,4624,4625],{},"''",[33,4627,4628],{},[15,4629,4630],{},"None",[33,4632,4633],{},[15,4634,4528],{},[33,4636,4637],{},[15,4638,4639],{},"[]",[33,4641,4642],{},[15,4643,4644],{},"{}",[33,4646,4647],{},[15,4648,4649],{},"set()",[20,4651,4652],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4654,4655,4656,307],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[303,4657,4659],{"href":4658},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4661,4662,4663,3743],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4664,4665],{},"bool()",[75,4667,4669],{"className":77,"code":4668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4670,4671,4708,4712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4672,4673,4675,4677,4679,4681,4683,4686,4688,4691,4693,4695,4698,4700,4702,4706],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4674,1777],{"class":90},[84,4676,95],{"class":94},[84,4678,99],{"class":98},[84,4680,103],{"class":102},[84,4682,106],{"class":98},[84,4684,4685],{"class":102}," 0",[84,4687,106],{"class":98},[84,4689,4690],{"class":185}," ''",[84,4692,106],{"class":98},[84,4694,196],{"class":185},[84,4696,4697],{"class":189},"hello",[84,4699,186],{"class":185},[84,4701,106],{"class":98},[84,4703,4705],{"class":4704},"s39Yj"," None",[84,4707,122],{"class":98},[84,4709,4710],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4711,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,4713,4714,4716,4718,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,4715,156],{"class":133},[84,4717,3845],{"class":98},[84,4719,4720],{"class":140},"bool",[84,4722,137],{"class":98},[84,4724,625],{"class":146},[84,4726,1970],{"class":98},[84,4728,1973],{"class":633},[84,4730,637],{"class":146},[84,4732,1434],{"class":633},[84,4734,406],{"class":146},[84,4736,4737],{"class":98},"])\n",[20,4739,172],{},[75,4741,4743],{"className":77,"code":4742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4744,4745],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4746,4747,4749,4751,4753,4756,4758,4760,4762,4765,4767,4769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4748,182],{"class":98},[84,4750,4459],{"class":4704},[84,4752,106],{"class":98},[84,4754,4755],{"class":4704}," False",[84,4757,106],{"class":98},[84,4759,4755],{"class":4704},[84,4761,106],{"class":98},[84,4763,4764],{"class":4704}," True",[84,4766,106],{"class":98},[84,4768,4755],{"class":4704},[84,4770,122],{"class":98},[20,4772,4773,4774,4776],{},"This matters because ",[15,4775,4435],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[70,4778,4780],{"id":4779},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[995,4782,4784],{"id":4783},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[75,4786,4788],{"className":77,"code":4787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4789,4790,4810],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4791,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4793,91],{"class":90},[84,4795,95],{"class":94},[84,4797,99],{"class":98},[84,4799,103],{"class":102},[84,4801,106],{"class":98},[84,4803,109],{"class":102},[84,4805,106],{"class":98},[84,4807,114],{"class":102},[84,4809,122],{"class":98},[84,4811,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4813,156],{"class":133},[84,4815,137],{"class":98},[84,4817,4568],{"class":133},[84,4819,137],{"class":98},[84,4821,535],{"class":146},[84,4823,169],{"class":98},[20,4825,172],{},[75,4827,4829],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\n",[15,4830,4831],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4832,4833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4834,4828],{"class":4704},[20,4836,4837,4838,3254,4840,307],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4839,4435],{},[15,4841,4459],{},[995,4843,4845],{"id":4844},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[75,4847,4849],{"className":77,"code":4848,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4850,4851,4871],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4852,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4854,91],{"class":90},[84,4856,95],{"class":94},[84,4858,99],{"class":98},[84,4860,103],{"class":102},[84,4862,106],{"class":98},[84,4864,4685],{"class":102},[84,4866,106],{"class":98},[84,4868,114],{"class":102},[84,4870,122],{"class":98},[84,4872,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4874,156],{"class":133},[84,4876,137],{"class":98},[84,4878,4568],{"class":133},[84,4880,137],{"class":98},[84,4882,535],{"class":146},[84,4884,169],{"class":98},[20,4886,172],{},[75,4888,4890],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\n",[15,4891,4892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4893,4894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4895,4889],{"class":4704},[20,4897,4898,4899,4901,4902,3254,4904,307],{},"The value ",[15,4900,2983],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4903,4435],{},[15,4905,4528],{},[995,4907,4909],{"id":4908},"example-strings","Example: strings",[75,4911,4913],{"className":77,"code":4912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4914,4915,4951],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4916,4917,4920,4922,4924,4926,4929,4931,4933,4935,4938,4940,4942,4944,4947,4949],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4918,4919],{"class":90},"words ",[84,4921,95],{"class":94},[84,4923,99],{"class":98},[84,4925,186],{"class":185},[84,4927,4928],{"class":189},"apple",[84,4930,186],{"class":185},[84,4932,106],{"class":98},[84,4934,196],{"class":185},[84,4936,4937],{"class":189},"banana",[84,4939,186],{"class":185},[84,4941,106],{"class":98},[84,4943,196],{"class":185},[84,4945,4946],{"class":189},"cherry",[84,4948,186],{"class":185},[84,4950,122],{"class":98},[84,4952,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4964],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,4954,156],{"class":133},[84,4956,137],{"class":98},[84,4958,4568],{"class":133},[84,4960,137],{"class":98},[84,4962,4963],{"class":146},"words",[84,4965,169],{"class":98},[20,4967,172],{},[75,4969,4970],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,4971,4972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4973,4974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4975,4828],{"class":4704},[20,4977,4978],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4980,4981],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[75,4983,4985],{"className":77,"code":4984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4986,4987,5015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,4988,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,4990,4919],{"class":90},[84,4992,95],{"class":94},[84,4994,99],{"class":98},[84,4996,186],{"class":185},[84,4998,4928],{"class":189},[84,5000,186],{"class":185},[84,5002,106],{"class":98},[84,5004,4690],{"class":185},[84,5006,106],{"class":98},[84,5008,196],{"class":185},[84,5010,4946],{"class":189},[84,5012,186],{"class":185},[84,5014,122],{"class":98},[84,5016,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5018,156],{"class":133},[84,5020,137],{"class":98},[84,5022,4568],{"class":133},[84,5024,137],{"class":98},[84,5026,4963],{"class":146},[84,5028,169],{"class":98},[20,5030,172],{},[75,5032,5033],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5034,5035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5036,5037],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5038,4889],{"class":4704},[20,5040,5041,5042,5044],{},"The empty string ",[15,5043,4625],{}," is falsy.",[70,5046,5048,5049,5051],{"id":5047},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,5050,4435],{}," works with conditions",[20,5053,5054,5056],{},[15,5055,4435],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,5058,5059],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,5061,5062],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[75,5064,5066],{"className":77,"code":5065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5067,5068,5088,5115,5119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5069,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5071,91],{"class":90},[84,5073,95],{"class":94},[84,5075,99],{"class":98},[84,5077,103],{"class":102},[84,5079,106],{"class":98},[84,5081,109],{"class":102},[84,5083,106],{"class":98},[84,5085,114],{"class":102},[84,5087,122],{"class":98},[84,5089,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5091,128],{"class":90},[84,5093,95],{"class":94},[84,5095,4498],{"class":133},[84,5097,137],{"class":98},[84,5099,3884],{"class":146},[84,5101,5102],{"class":94},">",[84,5104,4685],{"class":102},[84,5106,1973],{"class":633},[84,5108,637],{"class":146},[84,5110,1434],{"class":633},[84,5112,147],{"class":146},[84,5114,150],{"class":98},[84,5116,5117],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,5118,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,5120,5121,5123,5125,5127],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,5122,156],{"class":133},[84,5124,137],{"class":98},[84,5126,166],{"class":146},[84,5128,150],{"class":98},[20,5130,172],{},[75,5132,5133],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5134,5135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5136,5137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5138,4828],{"class":4704},[20,5140,5141],{},"Here is one that fails:",[75,5143,5145],{"className":77,"code":5144,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5146,5147,5169,5195,5199],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5148,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5150,91],{"class":90},[84,5152,95],{"class":94},[84,5154,99],{"class":98},[84,5156,103],{"class":102},[84,5158,106],{"class":98},[84,5160,3081],{"class":94},[84,5162,199],{"class":102},[84,5164,106],{"class":98},[84,5166,114],{"class":102},[84,5168,122],{"class":98},[84,5170,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5172,128],{"class":90},[84,5174,95],{"class":94},[84,5176,4498],{"class":133},[84,5178,137],{"class":98},[84,5180,3884],{"class":146},[84,5182,5102],{"class":94},[84,5184,4685],{"class":102},[84,5186,1973],{"class":633},[84,5188,637],{"class":146},[84,5190,1434],{"class":633},[84,5192,147],{"class":146},[84,5194,150],{"class":98},[84,5196,5197],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,5198,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,5200,5201,5203,5205,5207],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,5202,156],{"class":133},[84,5204,137],{"class":98},[84,5206,166],{"class":146},[84,5208,150],{"class":98},[20,5210,172],{},[75,5212,5213],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5214,5215],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5216,5217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5218,4889],{"class":4704},[20,5220,5221,5222,5225,5226,5228,5229,3254,5231,307],{},"The expression ",[15,5223,5224],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5227,4459],{},", then ",[15,5230,4435],{},[15,5232,4459],{},[20,5234,5235],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5237,5238,5239,5241,5242,307],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[303,5240,2054],{"href":2053}," and ",[303,5243,5245],{"href":5244},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[70,5247,5249],{"id":5248},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5251,5252,3254,5254,307],{},[15,5253,4456],{},[15,5255,4459],{},[20,5257,5258],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5260,814],{},[75,5262,5264],{"className":77,"code":5263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5265,5266],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5267,5268,5270,5272,5274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5269,156],{"class":133},[84,5271,137],{"class":98},[84,5273,4568],{"class":133},[84,5275,5276],{"class":98},"([]))\n",[20,5278,172],{},[75,5280,5281],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5282,5283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5284,5285],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5286,4828],{"class":4704},[20,5288,5289],{},"Why?",[20,5291,5292],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5294,5295],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,5297,5298,5305,5308],{},[33,5299,5300,3254,5302,5304],{},[15,5301,4435],{},[15,5303,4528],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,5306,5307],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,5309,5310,5311],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5312,4528],{},[20,5314,5315],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5317,5318],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[75,5320,5322],{"className":77,"code":5321,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5323,5324,5335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5325,5326,5328,5330,5332],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5327,156],{"class":133},[84,5329,137],{"class":98},[84,5331,4568],{"class":133},[84,5333,5334],{"class":98},"(()))\n",[84,5336,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5338,156],{"class":133},[84,5340,137],{"class":98},[84,5342,4568],{"class":133},[84,5344,137],{"class":98},[84,5346,4625],{"class":185},[84,5348,169],{"class":98},[20,5350,172],{},[75,5352,5354],{"className":77,"code":5353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5355,5356,5360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5357,5358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5359,4828],{"class":4704},[84,5361,5362],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5363,4828],{"class":4704},[70,5365,2058],{"id":2057},[995,5367,5369],{"id":5368},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5371,5372],{},"This is wrong:",[75,5374,5376],{"className":77,"code":5375,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5377,5378,5383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5379,5380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5381,5382],{"class":4517},"# Wrong\n",[84,5384,5385],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5386,5387],{"class":4517},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5389,5390,5392],{},[15,5391,4435],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5394,5395],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[75,5397,5399],{"className":77,"code":5398,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5400,5401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5402,5403,5405,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5404,156],{"class":133},[84,5406,137],{"class":98},[84,5408,4568],{"class":133},[84,5410,3845],{"class":98},[84,5412,103],{"class":102},[84,5414,106],{"class":98},[84,5416,109],{"class":102},[84,5418,106],{"class":98},[84,5420,114],{"class":102},[84,5422,3858],{"class":98},[995,5424,5426,5427,5429],{"id":5425},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5428,4435],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5431,5432],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[75,5434,5436],{"className":77,"code":5435,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5437,5438,5459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5439,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5450,5453,5455,5457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5441,91],{"class":90},[84,5443,95],{"class":94},[84,5445,99],{"class":98},[84,5447,3000],{"class":102},[84,5449,106],{"class":98},[84,5451,5452],{"class":102}," 5",[84,5454,106],{"class":98},[84,5456,5452],{"class":102},[84,5458,122],{"class":98},[84,5460,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5462,156],{"class":133},[84,5464,137],{"class":98},[84,5466,4568],{"class":133},[84,5468,137],{"class":98},[84,5470,535],{"class":146},[84,5472,169],{"class":98},[20,5474,5475,5476,5478],{},"This does ",[53,5477,55],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5480,5481,5482,5484],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5483,3000],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[75,5486,5487],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5488,5489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5490,5491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5492,4828],{"class":4704},[20,5494,5495],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[75,5497,5499],{"className":77,"code":5498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5500,5501,5521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5502,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5504,91],{"class":90},[84,5506,95],{"class":94},[84,5508,99],{"class":98},[84,5510,3000],{"class":102},[84,5512,106],{"class":98},[84,5514,5452],{"class":102},[84,5516,106],{"class":98},[84,5518,5452],{"class":102},[84,5520,122],{"class":98},[84,5522,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5536,5538,5540,5542,5544,5546],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5524,156],{"class":133},[84,5526,137],{"class":98},[84,5528,4568],{"class":133},[84,5530,137],{"class":98},[84,5532,3884],{"class":146},[84,5534,5535],{"class":94},"==",[84,5537,5452],{"class":102},[84,5539,1973],{"class":633},[84,5541,637],{"class":146},[84,5543,1434],{"class":633},[84,5545,147],{"class":146},[84,5547,169],{"class":98},[995,5549,5551,5552,5554],{"id":5550},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5553,2983],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[75,5556,5558],{"className":77,"code":5557,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5559,5560,5586],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5561,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5583],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5563,156],{"class":133},[84,5565,137],{"class":98},[84,5567,4568],{"class":133},[84,5569,3845],{"class":98},[84,5571,103],{"class":102},[84,5573,106],{"class":98},[84,5575,109],{"class":102},[84,5577,106],{"class":98},[84,5579,4685],{"class":102},[84,5581,5582],{"class":98},"]))",[84,5584,5585],{"class":4517},"       # False\n",[84,5587,5588,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5589,156],{"class":133},[84,5591,137],{"class":98},[84,5593,4568],{"class":133},[84,5595,3845],{"class":98},[84,5597,186],{"class":185},[84,5599,303],{"class":189},[84,5601,186],{"class":185},[84,5603,106],{"class":98},[84,5605,196],{"class":185},[84,5607,5608],{"class":189},"b",[84,5610,186],{"class":185},[84,5612,106],{"class":98},[84,5614,4690],{"class":185},[84,5616,5582],{"class":98},[84,5618,5619],{"class":4517},"  # False\n",[20,5621,5622,5623,307],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5624,4528],{},[995,5626,5628,5629,5631,5632],{"id":5627},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5630,4456],{}," is ",[15,5633,4459],{},[20,5635,5636],{},"This is expected behavior:",[75,5638,5640],{"className":77,"code":5639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5641,5642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5643,5644,5646,5648,5650,5653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5645,156],{"class":133},[84,5647,137],{"class":98},[84,5649,4568],{"class":133},[84,5651,5652],{"class":98},"([]))",[84,5654,4518],{"class":4517},[20,5656,5657,5658,5660],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5659,4459],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5662,5663],{},"Useful quick tests:",[75,5665,5667],{"className":77,"code":5666,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5668,5669,5691,5713,5760,5796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5670,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5672,156],{"class":133},[84,5674,137],{"class":98},[84,5676,4568],{"class":133},[84,5678,3845],{"class":98},[84,5680,103],{"class":102},[84,5682,106],{"class":98},[84,5684,109],{"class":102},[84,5686,106],{"class":98},[84,5688,114],{"class":102},[84,5690,3858],{"class":98},[84,5692,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5694,156],{"class":133},[84,5696,137],{"class":98},[84,5698,4568],{"class":133},[84,5700,3845],{"class":98},[84,5702,103],{"class":102},[84,5704,106],{"class":98},[84,5706,4685],{"class":102},[84,5708,106],{"class":98},[84,5710,114],{"class":102},[84,5712,3858],{"class":98},[84,5714,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,5716,156],{"class":133},[84,5718,3845],{"class":98},[84,5720,4720],{"class":140},[84,5722,137],{"class":98},[84,5724,625],{"class":146},[84,5726,1970],{"class":98},[84,5728,1973],{"class":633},[84,5730,637],{"class":146},[84,5732,1434],{"class":633},[84,5734,99],{"class":98},[84,5736,103],{"class":102},[84,5738,106],{"class":98},[84,5740,4685],{"class":102},[84,5742,106],{"class":98},[84,5744,4690],{"class":185},[84,5746,106],{"class":98},[84,5748,196],{"class":185},[84,5750,4697],{"class":189},[84,5752,186],{"class":185},[84,5754,106],{"class":98},[84,5756,4705],{"class":4704},[84,5758,5759],{"class":98},"]])\n",[84,5761,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,5763,156],{"class":133},[84,5765,137],{"class":98},[84,5767,4568],{"class":133},[84,5769,137],{"class":98},[84,5771,3884],{"class":146},[84,5773,5102],{"class":94},[84,5775,4685],{"class":102},[84,5777,1973],{"class":633},[84,5779,637],{"class":146},[84,5781,1434],{"class":633},[84,5783,99],{"class":98},[84,5785,103],{"class":102},[84,5787,106],{"class":98},[84,5789,109],{"class":102},[84,5791,106],{"class":98},[84,5793,114],{"class":102},[84,5795,3858],{"class":98},[84,5797,5798,5800,5802,5804],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,5799,156],{"class":133},[84,5801,137],{"class":98},[84,5803,4568],{"class":133},[84,5805,5276],{"class":98},[70,5807,1741,5809],{"id":5808},"when-to-use-all",[15,5810,4435],{},[20,5812,5813,5815],{},[15,5814,4435],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5817,5818],{},"Common use cases:",[30,5820,5821,5824,5827],{},[33,5822,5823],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,5825,5826],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,5828,5829],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5831,5832],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[75,5834,5836],{"className":77,"code":5835,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5837,5838,5874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5839,5840,5843,5845,5847,5849,5852,5854,5856,5858,5861,5863,5865,5867,5870,5872],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5841,5842],{"class":90},"names ",[84,5844,95],{"class":94},[84,5846,99],{"class":98},[84,5848,186],{"class":185},[84,5850,5851],{"class":189},"Alice",[84,5853,186],{"class":185},[84,5855,106],{"class":98},[84,5857,196],{"class":185},[84,5859,5860],{"class":189},"Bob",[84,5862,186],{"class":185},[84,5864,106],{"class":98},[84,5866,196],{"class":185},[84,5868,5869],{"class":189},"Charlie",[84,5871,186],{"class":185},[84,5873,122],{"class":98},[84,5875,5876,5878,5880,5882,5884,5887],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5877,156],{"class":133},[84,5879,137],{"class":98},[84,5881,4568],{"class":133},[84,5883,137],{"class":98},[84,5885,5886],{"class":146},"names",[84,5888,169],{"class":98},[20,5890,172],{},[75,5892,5893],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5894,5895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5896,5897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5898,4828],{"class":4704},[20,5900,5901],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[75,5903,5905],{"className":77,"code":5904,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5906,5907,5931],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5908,5909,5912,5914,5916,5919,5921,5924,5926,5929],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5910,5911],{"class":90},"scores ",[84,5913,95],{"class":94},[84,5915,99],{"class":98},[84,5917,5918],{"class":102},"75",[84,5920,106],{"class":98},[84,5922,5923],{"class":102}," 80",[84,5925,106],{"class":98},[84,5927,5928],{"class":102}," 50",[84,5930,122],{"class":98},[84,5932,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5944,5947,5949,5951,5954,5956,5959],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,5934,156],{"class":133},[84,5936,137],{"class":98},[84,5938,4568],{"class":133},[84,5940,137],{"class":98},[84,5942,5943],{"class":146},"score ",[84,5945,5946],{"class":94},">=",[84,5948,5928],{"class":102},[84,5950,1973],{"class":633},[84,5952,5953],{"class":146}," score ",[84,5955,1434],{"class":633},[84,5957,5958],{"class":146}," scores",[84,5960,169],{"class":98},[20,5962,172],{},[75,5964,5965],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,5966,5967],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,5968,5969],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,5970,4828],{"class":4704},[20,5972,5973],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5975,5976,5977,5241,5980,307],{},"For related tasks, see ",[303,5978,5979],{"href":2772},"how to filter a list in Python",[303,5981,306],{"href":305},[70,5983,2694],{"id":2693},[995,5985,5987,5988,5990],{"id":5986},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5989,4435],{}," return in Python?",[20,5992,5993,5994,5996,5997,5999],{},"It returns ",[15,5995,4459],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5998,4528],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[995,6001,6003,6004,6006,6007,3348],{"id":6002},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,6005,4456],{}," return ",[15,6008,4459],{},[20,6010,6011],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[995,6013,2734,6015,6017],{"id":6014},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,6016,4435],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,6019,6020],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[995,6022,6024,6025,5241,6027,3348],{"id":6023},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,6026,4435],{},[15,6028,6029],{},"any()",[20,6031,6032,6034,6035,6037,6038,307],{},[15,6033,4435],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,6036,6029],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[303,6039,13,6041,591],{"href":6040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,6042,6029],{},[70,6044,2751],{"id":2750},[30,6046,6047,6053,6057,6061,6065,6069],{},[33,6048,6049],{},[303,6050,13,6051,591],{"href":6040},[15,6052,6029],{},[33,6054,6055],{},[303,6056,4659],{"href":4658},[33,6058,6059],{},[303,6060,2783],{"href":305},[33,6062,6063],{},[303,6064,2773],{"href":2772},[33,6066,6067],{},[303,6068,2778],{"href":2053},[33,6070,6071],{},[303,6072,6073],{"href":5244},"What is an iterable in Python",[2785,6075,6076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":6078},[6079,6080,6082,6083,6088,6090,6091,6100,6102,6112],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":4531,"depth":125,"text":6081},"What all() does",{"id":4580,"depth":125,"text":4581},{"id":4779,"depth":125,"text":4780,"children":6084},[6085,6086,6087],{"id":4783,"depth":153,"text":4784},{"id":4844,"depth":153,"text":4845},{"id":4908,"depth":153,"text":4909},{"id":5047,"depth":125,"text":6089},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5248,"depth":125,"text":5249},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":6092},[6093,6094,6096,6098],{"id":5368,"depth":153,"text":5369},{"id":5425,"depth":153,"text":6095},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5550,"depth":153,"text":6097},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5627,"depth":153,"text":6099},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5808,"depth":125,"text":6101},"When to use all()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":6103},[6104,6106,6108,6110],{"id":5986,"depth":153,"text":6105},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":6002,"depth":153,"text":6107},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":6014,"depth":153,"text":6109},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":6023,"depth":153,"text":6111},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4427,"description":6113},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":6120,"title":6121,"body":6122,"description":7806,"extension":2830,"meta":7807,"navigation":472,"path":6040,"seo":7808,"stem":7809,"__hash__":7810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6123,"toc":7784},[6124,6127,6135,6138,6155,6163,6207,6216,6220,6225,6228,6245,6248,6259,6271,6275,6278,6293,6298,6301,6313,6316,6401,6404,6425,6431,6433,6441,6455,6457,6491,6493,6496,6557,6559,6576,6579,6606,6608,6616,6628,6632,6635,6674,6676,6684,6686,6702,6710,6713,6756,6758,6766,6771,6775,6783,6786,6811,6814,6817,6891,6893,6901,6908,6931,6942,6945,7024,7026,7034,7041,7045,7050,7065,7067,7075,7078,7084,7087,7133,7135,7152,7156,7161,7172,7175,7285,7288,7347,7353,7355,7360,7364,7366,7385,7391,7394,7413,7417,7426,7453,7455,7463,7471,7475,7481,7504,7506,7514,7520,7524,7527,7578,7581,7632,7635,7637,7641,7648,7652,7659,7663,7671,7675,7678,7700,7702,7752,7754,7781],[10,6125,6121],{"id":6126},"python-any-function-explained",[20,6128,6129,6131,6132,307],{},[15,6130,6029],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[53,6133,6134],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,6136,6137],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,6139,6140,6143,6146,6149,6152],{},[33,6141,6142],{},"lists",[33,6144,6145],{},"tuples",[33,6147,6148],{},"sets",[33,6150,6151],{},"strings",[33,6153,6154],{},"generator expressions",[20,6156,6157,6158,3736,6160,6162],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,6159,4459],{},[15,6161,4528],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[75,6164,6166],{"className":77,"code":6165,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,6167,6168,6188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6169,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6171,1777],{"class":90},[84,6173,95],{"class":94},[84,6175,99],{"class":98},[84,6177,2983],{"class":102},[84,6179,106],{"class":98},[84,6181,4690],{"class":185},[84,6183,106],{"class":98},[84,6185,5452],{"class":102},[84,6187,122],{"class":98},[84,6189,6190,6192,6194,6197,6199,6202,6205],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6191,156],{"class":133},[84,6193,137],{"class":98},[84,6195,6196],{"class":133},"any",[84,6198,137],{"class":98},[84,6200,6201],{"class":146},"values",[84,6203,6204],{"class":98},"))",[84,6206,4518],{"class":4517},[20,6208,224,6209,6212,6213,6215],{},[15,6210,6211],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6214,4459],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[70,6217,6219],{"id":6218},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6221,6222,6224],{},[15,6223,6029],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6226,6227],{},"It returns:",[30,6229,6230,6235,6240],{},[33,6231,6232,6234],{},[15,6233,4459],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,6236,6237,6239],{},[15,6238,4528],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,6241,6242,6244],{},[15,6243,4528],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6246,6247],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,6249,6250,6253,6256],{},[33,6251,6252],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,6254,6255],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,6257,6258],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6260,6261,6262,6265,6266,307],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[53,6263,6264],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[303,6267,6269],{"href":6268},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6270,4435],{},[70,6272,6274],{"id":6273},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6276,6277],{},"The syntax is simple:",[75,6279,6281],{"className":77,"code":6280,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6282,6283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6284,6285,6287,6289,6291],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6286,6196],{"class":133},[84,6288,137],{"class":98},[84,6290,249],{"class":146},[84,6292,150],{"class":98},[20,6294,6295,6296,307],{},"The argument must be an ",[53,6297,249],{},[20,6299,6300],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,6302,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311],{},[33,6304,6142],{},[33,6306,6145],{},[33,6308,6148],{},[33,6310,6151],{},[33,6312,6154],{},[20,6314,6315],{},"For example:",[75,6317,6319],{"className":77,"code":6318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6320,6321,6344,6363,6383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6322,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6324,156],{"class":133},[84,6326,137],{"class":98},[84,6328,6196],{"class":133},[84,6330,3845],{"class":98},[84,6332,2983],{"class":102},[84,6334,106],{"class":98},[84,6336,4685],{"class":102},[84,6338,106],{"class":98},[84,6340,6341],{"class":102}," 1",[84,6343,3858],{"class":98},[84,6345,6346,6348,6350,6352,6355,6357,6359,6361],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6347,156],{"class":133},[84,6349,137],{"class":98},[84,6351,6196],{"class":133},[84,6353,6354],{"class":98},"((",[84,6356,4528],{"class":4704},[84,6358,106],{"class":98},[84,6360,4755],{"class":4704},[84,6362,3771],{"class":98},[84,6364,6365,6367,6369,6371,6374,6376,6378,6380],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6366,156],{"class":133},[84,6368,137],{"class":98},[84,6370,6196],{"class":133},[84,6372,6373],{"class":98},"({",[84,6375,2983],{"class":102},[84,6377,106],{"class":98},[84,6379,109],{"class":102},[84,6381,6382],{"class":98},"}))\n",[84,6384,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,6386,156],{"class":133},[84,6388,137],{"class":98},[84,6390,6196],{"class":133},[84,6392,137],{"class":98},[84,6394,3711],{"class":185},[84,6396,4697],{"class":189},[84,6398,3711],{"class":185},[84,6400,169],{"class":98},[20,6402,6403],{},"Expected output:",[75,6405,6407],{"className":77,"code":6406,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6408,6409,6413,6417,6421],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6410,6411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6412,4828],{"class":4704},[84,6414,6415],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6416,4889],{"class":4704},[84,6418,6419],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6420,4828],{"class":4704},[84,6422,6423],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,6424,4828],{"class":4704},[20,6426,6427,6428,307],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[303,6429,306],{"href":6430},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[70,6432,4581],{"id":4580},[20,6434,4584,6435,3736,6438,4589],{},[53,6436,6437],{},"truthy",[53,6439,6440],{},"falsy",[30,6442,6443,6449],{},[33,6444,6445,4597,6447],{},[53,6446,4596],{},[15,6448,4459],{},[33,6450,6451,4597,6453],{},[53,6452,4604],{},[15,6454,4528],{},[20,6456,4609],{},[30,6458,6459,6463,6467,6471,6475,6479,6483,6487],{},[33,6460,6461],{},[15,6462,4528],{},[33,6464,6465],{},[15,6466,2983],{},[33,6468,6469],{},[15,6470,4620],{},[33,6472,6473],{},[15,6474,4625],{},[33,6476,6477],{},[15,6478,4639],{},[33,6480,6481],{},[15,6482,4644],{},[33,6484,6485],{},[15,6486,4649],{},[33,6488,6489],{},[15,6490,4630],{},[20,6492,4652],{},[20,6494,6495],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[75,6497,6499],{"className":77,"code":6498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6500,6501,6515,6533],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6502,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6504,156],{"class":133},[84,6506,137],{"class":98},[84,6508,6196],{"class":133},[84,6510,3845],{"class":98},[84,6512,103],{"class":102},[84,6514,3858],{"class":98},[84,6516,6517,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6518,156],{"class":133},[84,6520,137],{"class":98},[84,6522,6196],{"class":133},[84,6524,3845],{"class":98},[84,6526,186],{"class":185},[84,6528,4697],{"class":189},[84,6530,186],{"class":185},[84,6532,3858],{"class":98},[84,6534,6535,6537,6539,6541,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6536,156],{"class":133},[84,6538,137],{"class":98},[84,6540,6196],{"class":133},[84,6542,6543],{"class":98},"([[",[84,6545,103],{"class":102},[84,6547,106],{"class":98},[84,6549,109],{"class":102},[84,6551,106],{"class":98},[84,6553,114],{"class":102},[84,6555,6556],{"class":98},"]]))\n",[20,6558,6403],{},[75,6560,6562],{"className":77,"code":6561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6563,6564,6568,6572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6565,6566],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6567,4828],{"class":4704},[84,6569,6570],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6571,4828],{"class":4704},[84,6573,6574],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6575,4828],{"class":4704},[20,6577,6578],{},"And these are all falsy:",[75,6580,6582],{"className":77,"code":6581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6583,6584],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6585,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6587,156],{"class":133},[84,6589,137],{"class":98},[84,6591,6196],{"class":133},[84,6593,3845],{"class":98},[84,6595,2983],{"class":102},[84,6597,106],{"class":98},[84,6599,4690],{"class":185},[84,6601,106],{"class":98},[84,6603,4705],{"class":4704},[84,6605,3858],{"class":98},[20,6607,6403],{},[75,6609,6610],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6611,6612],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6613,6614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6615,4889],{"class":4704},[20,6617,6618,6619,5241,6622,307],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[303,6620,4659],{"href":6621},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[303,6623,6625,6627],{"href":6624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6626,4665],{}," explained",[70,6629,6631],{"id":6630},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6633,6634],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[75,6636,6638],{"className":77,"code":6637,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6639,6640,6660],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6641,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6643,1777],{"class":90},[84,6645,95],{"class":94},[84,6647,99],{"class":98},[84,6649,2983],{"class":102},[84,6651,106],{"class":98},[84,6653,4690],{"class":185},[84,6655,106],{"class":98},[84,6657,5452],{"class":102},[84,6659,122],{"class":98},[84,6661,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6663,156],{"class":133},[84,6665,137],{"class":98},[84,6667,6196],{"class":133},[84,6669,137],{"class":98},[84,6671,6201],{"class":146},[84,6673,169],{"class":98},[20,6675,172],{},[75,6677,6678],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6679,6680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6681,6682],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6683,4828],{"class":4704},[20,6685,5289],{},[30,6687,6688,6693,6697],{},[33,6689,6690,6692],{},[15,6691,2983],{}," is falsy",[33,6694,6695,6692],{},[15,6696,4625],{},[33,6698,6699,6701],{},[15,6700,3000],{}," is truthy",[20,6703,6704,6705,3254,6708,307],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6706,6707],{},"any(values)",[15,6709,4459],{},[20,6711,6712],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[75,6714,6716],{"className":77,"code":6715,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6717,6718,6742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6719,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6721,1777],{"class":90},[84,6723,95],{"class":94},[84,6725,99],{"class":98},[84,6727,2983],{"class":102},[84,6729,106],{"class":98},[84,6731,4690],{"class":185},[84,6733,106],{"class":98},[84,6735,4705],{"class":4704},[84,6737,106],{"class":98},[84,6739,4755],{"class":4704},[84,6741,122],{"class":98},[84,6743,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752,6754],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6745,156],{"class":133},[84,6747,137],{"class":98},[84,6749,6196],{"class":133},[84,6751,137],{"class":98},[84,6753,6201],{"class":146},[84,6755,169],{"class":98},[20,6757,172],{},[75,6759,6760],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6761,6762],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6763,6764],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6765,4889],{"class":4704},[20,6767,6768,6769,307],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6770,4528],{},[70,6772,6774],{"id":6773},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6776,6777,6779,6780,307],{},[15,6778,6029],{}," is often used with a ",[53,6781,6782],{},"generator expression",[20,6784,6785],{},"This is a common pattern:",[75,6787,6789],{"className":77,"code":6788,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6790,6791],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6792,6793,6795,6797,6800,6802,6804,6806,6809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6794,6196],{"class":133},[84,6796,137],{"class":98},[84,6798,6799],{"class":146},"condition ",[84,6801,1428],{"class":633},[84,6803,1431],{"class":146},[84,6805,1434],{"class":633},[84,6807,6808],{"class":146}," items",[84,6810,150],{"class":98},[20,6812,6813],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6815,6816],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[75,6818,6820],{"className":77,"code":6819,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6821,6822,6850,6854,6881],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6823,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6848],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6825,91],{"class":90},[84,6827,95],{"class":94},[84,6829,99],{"class":98},[84,6831,217],{"class":102},[84,6833,106],{"class":98},[84,6835,6836],{"class":102}," 7",[84,6838,106],{"class":98},[84,6840,3081],{"class":94},[84,6842,199],{"class":102},[84,6844,106],{"class":98},[84,6846,6847],{"class":102}," 10",[84,6849,122],{"class":98},[84,6851,6852],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6853,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,6855,6856,6858,6860,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6857,128],{"class":90},[84,6859,95],{"class":94},[84,6861,6862],{"class":133}," any",[84,6864,137],{"class":98},[84,6866,3884],{"class":146},[84,6868,1251],{"class":94},[84,6870,4685],{"class":102},[84,6872,1973],{"class":633},[84,6874,637],{"class":146},[84,6876,1434],{"class":633},[84,6878,147],{"class":146},[84,6880,150],{"class":98},[84,6882,6883,6885,6887,6889],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,6884,156],{"class":133},[84,6886,137],{"class":98},[84,6888,166],{"class":146},[84,6890,150],{"class":98},[20,6892,172],{},[75,6894,6895],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,6896,6897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6898,6899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6900,4828],{"class":4704},[20,6902,6903,6904,6907],{},"This works because ",[15,6905,6906],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6909,6910,6917,6924],{},[33,6911,6912,772,6915],{},[15,6913,6914],{},"4 \u003C 0",[15,6916,4528],{},[33,6918,6919,772,6922],{},[15,6920,6921],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6923,4528],{},[33,6925,6926,772,6929],{},[15,6927,6928],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6930,4459],{},[20,6932,6933,6934,6936,6937,6939,6940,307],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6935,4459],{}," result, ",[15,6938,6029],{}," can return ",[15,6941,4459],{},[20,6943,6944],{},"Here is another example:",[75,6946,6948],{"className":77,"code":6947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6949,6950,6979,6983,7013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,6951,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,6953,4919],{"class":90},[84,6955,95],{"class":94},[84,6957,99],{"class":98},[84,6959,3711],{"class":185},[84,6961,4928],{"class":189},[84,6963,3711],{"class":185},[84,6965,106],{"class":98},[84,6967,6968],{"class":185}," \"\"",[84,6970,106],{"class":98},[84,6972,4211],{"class":185},[84,6974,4937],{"class":189},[84,6976,3711],{"class":185},[84,6978,122],{"class":98},[84,6980,6981],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,6982,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,6984,6985,6988,6990,6992,6994,6997,6999,7001,7003,7006,7008,7011],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,6986,6987],{"class":90},"has_empty_string ",[84,6989,95],{"class":94},[84,6991,6862],{"class":133},[84,6993,137],{"class":98},[84,6995,6996],{"class":146},"word ",[84,6998,5535],{"class":94},[84,7000,6968],{"class":185},[84,7002,1973],{"class":633},[84,7004,7005],{"class":146}," word ",[84,7007,1434],{"class":633},[84,7009,7010],{"class":146}," words",[84,7012,150],{"class":98},[84,7014,7015,7017,7019,7022],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,7016,156],{"class":133},[84,7018,137],{"class":98},[84,7020,7021],{"class":146},"has_empty_string",[84,7023,150],{"class":98},[20,7025,172],{},[75,7027,7028],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7029,7030],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7031,7032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7033,4828],{"class":4704},[20,7035,7036,7037,307],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[303,7038,7040],{"href":7039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[70,7042,7044],{"id":7043},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,7046,7047,7048,3743],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,7049,4528],{},[75,7051,7053],{"className":77,"code":7052,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([]))\n",[15,7054,7055],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7056,7057,7059,7061,7063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7058,156],{"class":133},[84,7060,137],{"class":98},[84,7062,6196],{"class":133},[84,7064,5276],{"class":98},[20,7066,172],{},[75,7068,7069],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7070,7071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7072,7073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7074,4889],{"class":4704},[20,7076,7077],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,7079,7080,7081,7083],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,7082,6029],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,7085,7086],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[75,7088,7090],{"className":77,"code":7089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,7091,7092,7102,7117],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7093,7094,7096,7098,7100],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7095,156],{"class":133},[84,7097,137],{"class":98},[84,7099,6196],{"class":133},[84,7101,5334],{"class":98},[84,7103,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7115],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7105,156],{"class":133},[84,7107,137],{"class":98},[84,7109,6196],{"class":133},[84,7111,137],{"class":98},[84,7113,7114],{"class":185},"\"\"",[84,7116,169],{"class":98},[84,7118,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7130],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,7120,156],{"class":133},[84,7122,137],{"class":98},[84,7124,6196],{"class":133},[84,7126,137],{"class":98},[84,7128,7129],{"class":140},"set",[84,7131,7132],{"class":98},"()))\n",[20,7134,172],{},[75,7136,7138],{"className":77,"code":7137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7139,7140,7144,7148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7141,7142],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7143,4889],{"class":4704},[84,7145,7146],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7147,4889],{"class":4704},[84,7149,7150],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,7151,4889],{"class":4704},[70,7153,7155],{"id":7154},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,7157,224,7158,7160],{},[15,7159,6029],{}," when you want to:",[30,7162,7163,7166,7169],{},[33,7164,7165],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,7167,7168],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,7170,7171],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,7173,7174],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[75,7176,7178],{"className":77,"code":7177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,7179,7180,7204,7208,7218,7222,7235,7254,7264,7269,7273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7181,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200,7202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7183,91],{"class":90},[84,7185,95],{"class":94},[84,7187,99],{"class":98},[84,7189,103],{"class":102},[84,7191,106],{"class":98},[84,7193,114],{"class":102},[84,7195,106],{"class":98},[84,7197,5452],{"class":102},[84,7199,106],{"class":98},[84,7201,738],{"class":102},[84,7203,122],{"class":98},[84,7205,7206],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7207,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,7209,7210,7213,7215],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,7211,7212],{"class":90},"found_even ",[84,7214,95],{"class":94},[84,7216,7217],{"class":4704}," False\n",[84,7219,7220],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,7221,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,7223,7224,7226,7229,7231,7233],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,7225,1428],{"class":633},[84,7227,7228],{"class":90}," number ",[84,7230,1434],{"class":633},[84,7232,147],{"class":90},[84,7234,1440],{"class":98},[84,7236,7237,7240,7242,7245,7247,7250,7252],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,7238,7239],{"class":633},"    if",[84,7241,7228],{"class":90},[84,7243,7244],{"class":94},"%",[84,7246,109],{"class":102},[84,7248,7249],{"class":94}," ==",[84,7251,4685],{"class":102},[84,7253,1440],{"class":98},[84,7255,7256,7259,7261],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,7257,7258],{"class":90},"        found_even ",[84,7260,95],{"class":94},[84,7262,7263],{"class":4704}," True\n",[84,7265,7266],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,7267,7268],{"class":633},"        break\n",[84,7270,7271],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,7272,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,7274,7276,7278,7280,7283],{"class":86,"line":7275},10,[84,7277,156],{"class":133},[84,7279,137],{"class":98},[84,7281,7282],{"class":146},"found_even",[84,7284,150],{"class":98},[20,7286,7287],{},"You can write:",[75,7289,7291],{"className":77,"code":7290,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7292,7293,7317],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7294,7295,7297,7299,7301,7303,7305,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7296,91],{"class":90},[84,7298,95],{"class":94},[84,7300,99],{"class":98},[84,7302,103],{"class":102},[84,7304,106],{"class":98},[84,7306,114],{"class":102},[84,7308,106],{"class":98},[84,7310,5452],{"class":102},[84,7312,106],{"class":98},[84,7314,738],{"class":102},[84,7316,122],{"class":98},[84,7318,7319,7321,7323,7325,7327,7329,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343,7345],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7320,156],{"class":133},[84,7322,137],{"class":98},[84,7324,6196],{"class":133},[84,7326,137],{"class":98},[84,7328,3076],{"class":146},[84,7330,7244],{"class":94},[84,7332,109],{"class":102},[84,7334,7249],{"class":94},[84,7336,4685],{"class":102},[84,7338,1973],{"class":633},[84,7340,7228],{"class":146},[84,7342,1434],{"class":633},[84,7344,147],{"class":146},[84,7346,169],{"class":98},[20,7348,7349,7350,7352],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7351,6029],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[70,7354,2058],{"id":2057},[20,7356,7357,7358,307],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7359,6029],{},[995,7361,7363],{"id":7362},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7365,5372],{},[75,7367,7369],{"className":77,"code":7368,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7370,7371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7372,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7374,156],{"class":133},[84,7376,137],{"class":98},[84,7378,6196],{"class":133},[84,7380,137],{"class":98},[84,7382,3000],{"class":102},[84,7384,169],{"class":98},[20,7386,7387,7388,7390],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7389,3000],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7392,7393],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[75,7395,7397],{"className":77,"code":7396,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7398,7399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7400,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7402,156],{"class":133},[84,7404,137],{"class":98},[84,7406,6196],{"class":133},[84,7408,3845],{"class":98},[84,7410,3000],{"class":102},[84,7412,3858],{"class":98},[995,7414,7416],{"id":7415},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7418,7419,7421,7422,7425],{},[15,7420,6029],{}," needs only ",[53,7423,7424],{},"one"," truthy item.",[75,7427,7429],{"className":77,"code":7428,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7430,7431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7432,7433,7435,7437,7439,7441,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7434,156],{"class":133},[84,7436,137],{"class":98},[84,7438,6196],{"class":133},[84,7440,3845],{"class":98},[84,7442,4528],{"class":4704},[84,7444,106],{"class":98},[84,7446,4755],{"class":4704},[84,7448,106],{"class":98},[84,7450,4764],{"class":4704},[84,7452,3858],{"class":98},[20,7454,172],{},[75,7456,7457],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7458,7459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7460,7461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7462,4828],{"class":4704},[20,7464,7465,7466,7470],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[303,7467,7468],{"href":6268},[15,7469,4435],{}," instead.",[995,7472,7474],{"id":7473},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7476,7477,7478,307],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7479,7480],{},"\"True\"",[75,7482,7484],{"className":77,"code":7483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7485,7486],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7487,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7489,156],{"class":133},[84,7491,137],{"class":98},[84,7493,6196],{"class":133},[84,7495,3845],{"class":98},[84,7497,3711],{"class":185},[84,7499,4528],{"class":189},[84,7501,3711],{"class":185},[84,7503,3858],{"class":98},[20,7505,172],{},[75,7507,7508],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7509,7510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7511,7512],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7513,4828],{"class":4704},[20,7515,411,7516,7519],{},[15,7517,7518],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[995,7521,7523],{"id":7522},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7525,7526],{},"This works:",[75,7528,7530],{"className":77,"code":7529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7531,7532,7552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7535,91],{"class":90},[84,7537,95],{"class":94},[84,7539,99],{"class":98},[84,7541,103],{"class":102},[84,7543,106],{"class":98},[84,7545,109],{"class":102},[84,7547,106],{"class":98},[84,7549,114],{"class":102},[84,7551,122],{"class":98},[84,7553,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574,7576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7555,156],{"class":133},[84,7557,137],{"class":98},[84,7559,6196],{"class":133},[84,7561,3845],{"class":98},[84,7563,3884],{"class":146},[84,7565,5102],{"class":94},[84,7567,109],{"class":102},[84,7569,1973],{"class":633},[84,7571,637],{"class":146},[84,7573,1434],{"class":633},[84,7575,147],{"class":146},[84,7577,3858],{"class":98},[20,7579,7580],{},"But this is usually better:",[75,7582,7584],{"className":77,"code":7583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7585,7586,7606],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7589,91],{"class":90},[84,7591,95],{"class":94},[84,7593,99],{"class":98},[84,7595,103],{"class":102},[84,7597,106],{"class":98},[84,7599,109],{"class":102},[84,7601,106],{"class":98},[84,7603,114],{"class":102},[84,7605,122],{"class":98},[84,7607,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628,7630],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7609,156],{"class":133},[84,7611,137],{"class":98},[84,7613,6196],{"class":133},[84,7615,137],{"class":98},[84,7617,3884],{"class":146},[84,7619,5102],{"class":94},[84,7621,109],{"class":102},[84,7623,1973],{"class":633},[84,7625,637],{"class":146},[84,7627,1434],{"class":633},[84,7629,147],{"class":146},[84,7631,169],{"class":98},[20,7633,7634],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[70,7636,2694],{"id":2693},[995,7638,7640],{"id":7639},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7642,5993,7643,7645,7646,307],{},[15,7644,4459],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7647,4528],{},[995,7649,7651],{"id":7650},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7653,7654,3254,7656,7658],{},[15,7655,6029],{},[15,7657,4528],{}," for an empty iterable.",[995,7660,7662],{"id":7661},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7664,7665,7667,7668,7670],{},[15,7666,6029],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7669,4435],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[995,7672,7674],{"id":7673},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7676,7677],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[75,7679,7680],{"className":77,"code":6788,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7681,7682],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7683,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7685,6196],{"class":133},[84,7687,137],{"class":98},[84,7689,6799],{"class":146},[84,7691,1428],{"class":633},[84,7693,1431],{"class":146},[84,7695,1434],{"class":633},[84,7697,6808],{"class":146},[84,7699,150],{"class":98},[20,7701,6315],{},[75,7703,7704],{"className":77,"code":7583,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,7705,7706,7726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7709,91],{"class":90},[84,7711,95],{"class":94},[84,7713,99],{"class":98},[84,7715,103],{"class":102},[84,7717,106],{"class":98},[84,7719,109],{"class":102},[84,7721,106],{"class":98},[84,7723,114],{"class":102},[84,7725,122],{"class":98},[84,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7729,156],{"class":133},[84,7731,137],{"class":98},[84,7733,6196],{"class":133},[84,7735,137],{"class":98},[84,7737,3884],{"class":146},[84,7739,5102],{"class":94},[84,7741,109],{"class":102},[84,7743,1973],{"class":633},[84,7745,637],{"class":146},[84,7747,1434],{"class":633},[84,7749,147],{"class":146},[84,7751,169],{"class":98},[70,7753,2751],{"id":2750},[30,7755,7756,7762,7766,7770,7775],{},[33,7757,7758],{},[303,7759,7760,591],{"href":6268},[15,7761,4435],{},[33,7763,7764],{},[303,7765,4659],{"href":6621},[33,7767,7768],{},[303,7769,2783],{"href":6430},[33,7771,7772],{},[303,7773,7774],{"href":7039},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,7776,7777],{},[303,7778,7779,591],{"href":6624},[15,7780,4665],{},[2785,7782,7783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":7785},[7786,7787,7788,7789,7790,7791,7792,7793,7799,7805],{"id":6218,"depth":125,"text":6219},{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274},{"id":4580,"depth":125,"text":4581},{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":6773,"depth":125,"text":6774},{"id":7043,"depth":125,"text":7044},{"id":7154,"depth":125,"text":7155},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":7794},[7795,7796,7797,7798],{"id":7362,"depth":153,"text":7363},{"id":7415,"depth":153,"text":7416},{"id":7473,"depth":153,"text":7474},{"id":7522,"depth":153,"text":7523},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":7800},[7801,7802,7803,7804],{"id":7639,"depth":153,"text":7640},{"id":7650,"depth":153,"text":7651},{"id":7661,"depth":153,"text":7662},{"id":7673,"depth":153,"text":7674},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":6121,"description":7806},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7812,"title":7813,"body":7814,"description":9943,"extension":2830,"meta":9944,"navigation":472,"path":9945,"seo":9946,"stem":9947,"__hash__":9948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7815,"toc":9906},[7816,7819,7828,7838,7840,7937,7939,7968,7984,7988,7993,7996,8006,8012,8018,8034,8036,8044,8051,8055,8058,8073,8078,8096,8101,8103,8151,8153,8170,8174,8180,8183,8218,8220,8326,8328,8365,8369,8377,8379,8399,8401,8522,8524,8553,8556,8579,8581,8589,8597,8601,8607,8611,8652,8654,8662,8665,8693,8695,8703,8707,8736,8738,8746,8778,8780,8788,8792,8843,8845,8853,8861,8865,8868,8920,8922,8942,8949,8953,8959,8962,8970,8992,8994,9002,9010,9033,9035,9043,9048,9053,9065,9067,9108,9119,9123,9132,9135,9138,9196,9199,9251,9254,9259,9275,9281,9283,9288,9297,9300,9322,9324,9332,9337,9340,9375,9377,9385,9389,9394,9432,9444,9447,9502,9510,9514,9517,9539,9548,9551,9592,9594,9617,9623,9629,9644,9646,9666,9669,9688,9690,9709,9713,9718,9797,9800,9814,9821,9823,9827,9834,9838,9842,9846,9851,9855,9860,9864,9871,9873,9903],[10,7817,7813],{"id":7818},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7820,2847,7821,7823,7824,3736,7826,307],{},[15,7822,4665],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7825,4459],{},[15,7827,4528],{},[20,7829,7830,7831,7833,7834,7837],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7832,4665],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7835,7836],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[70,7839,4464],{"id":4463},[75,7841,7843],{"className":77,"code":7842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7844,7845,7859,7873,7887,7905,7915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7846,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855,7857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7848,156],{"class":133},[84,7850,137],{"class":98},[84,7852,4720],{"class":140},[84,7854,137],{"class":98},[84,7856,2983],{"class":102},[84,7858,169],{"class":98},[84,7860,7861,7863,7865,7867,7869,7871],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7862,156],{"class":133},[84,7864,137],{"class":98},[84,7866,4720],{"class":140},[84,7868,137],{"class":98},[84,7870,103],{"class":102},[84,7872,169],{"class":98},[84,7874,7875,7877,7879,7881,7883,7885],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,7876,156],{"class":133},[84,7878,137],{"class":98},[84,7880,4720],{"class":140},[84,7882,137],{"class":98},[84,7884,7114],{"class":185},[84,7886,169],{"class":98},[84,7888,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,7890,156],{"class":133},[84,7892,137],{"class":98},[84,7894,4720],{"class":140},[84,7896,137],{"class":98},[84,7898,3711],{"class":185},[84,7900,4697],{"class":189},[84,7902,3711],{"class":185},[84,7904,169],{"class":98},[84,7906,7907,7909,7911,7913],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,7908,156],{"class":133},[84,7910,137],{"class":98},[84,7912,4720],{"class":140},[84,7914,5276],{"class":98},[84,7916,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933,7935],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,7918,156],{"class":133},[84,7920,137],{"class":98},[84,7922,4720],{"class":140},[84,7924,3845],{"class":98},[84,7926,103],{"class":102},[84,7928,106],{"class":98},[84,7930,109],{"class":102},[84,7932,106],{"class":98},[84,7934,114],{"class":102},[84,7936,3858],{"class":98},[20,7938,6403],{},[75,7940,7942],{"className":77,"code":7941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7943,7944,7948,7952,7956,7960,7964],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,7945,7946],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,7947,4889],{"class":4704},[84,7949,7950],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,7951,4828],{"class":4704},[84,7953,7954],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,7955,4889],{"class":4704},[84,7957,7958],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,7959,4828],{"class":4704},[84,7961,7962],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,7963,4889],{"class":4704},[84,7965,7966],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,7967,4828],{"class":4704},[20,7969,224,7970,7973,7974,3736,7976,7978,7979,7981,7982,307],{},[15,7971,7972],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7975,4459],{},[15,7977,4528],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7980,4528],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7983,4459],{},[70,7985,7987],{"id":7986},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7989,7990,7992],{},[15,7991,4665],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7994,7995],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7997,7998,8002],{},[33,7999,8000],{},[15,8001,4459],{},[33,8003,8004],{},[15,8005,4528],{},[20,8007,8008,8009,8011],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,8010,7836],{}," statements.",[20,8013,8014,8015,8017],{},"You can also call ",[15,8016,4665],{}," with no argument:",[75,8019,8021],{"className":77,"code":8020,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool())\n",[15,8022,8023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8024,8025,8027,8029,8031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8026,156],{"class":133},[84,8028,137],{"class":98},[84,8030,4720],{"class":140},[84,8032,8033],{"class":98},"())\n",[20,8035,172],{},[75,8037,8038],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8039,8040],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8041,8042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8043,4889],{"class":4704},[20,8045,8046,8047,307],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[303,8048,8050],{"href":8049},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[70,8052,8054],{"id":8053},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,8056,8057],{},"The basic syntax is:",[75,8059,8061],{"className":77,"code":8060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bool(value)\n",[15,8062,8063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8064,8065,8067,8069,8071],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8066,4720],{"class":140},[84,8068,137],{"class":98},[84,8070,3329],{"class":146},[84,8072,150],{"class":98},[20,8074,2847,8075,8077],{},[15,8076,3329],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,8079,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8091,8093],{},[33,8081,535],{},[33,8083,6151],{},[33,8085,6142],{},[33,8087,6145],{},[33,8089,8090],{},"dictionaries",[33,8092,6148],{},[33,8094,8095],{},"other objects",[20,8097,8098,8099,307],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,8100,4528],{},[20,8102,814],{},[75,8104,8106],{"className":77,"code":8105,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,8107,8108,8122,8141],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8109,8110,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8111,156],{"class":133},[84,8113,137],{"class":98},[84,8115,4720],{"class":140},[84,8117,137],{"class":98},[84,8119,437],{"class":102},[84,8121,169],{"class":98},[84,8123,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8137,8139],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8125,156],{"class":133},[84,8127,137],{"class":98},[84,8129,4720],{"class":140},[84,8131,137],{"class":98},[84,8133,3711],{"class":185},[84,8135,8136],{"class":189},"Python",[84,8138,3711],{"class":185},[84,8140,169],{"class":98},[84,8142,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8144,156],{"class":133},[84,8146,137],{"class":98},[84,8148,4720],{"class":140},[84,8150,8033],{"class":98},[20,8152,172],{},[75,8154,8156],{"className":77,"code":8155,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,8157,8158,8162,8166],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8159,8160],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8161,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8163,8164],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8165,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8167,8168],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8169,4889],{"class":4704},[70,8171,8173],{"id":8172},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,8175,8176,8177,8179],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[53,8178,6440],{}," values.",[20,8181,8182],{},"Common examples:",[30,8184,8185,8189,8193,8197,8201,8206,8210,8214],{},[33,8186,8187],{},[15,8188,2983],{},[33,8190,8191],{},[15,8192,4620],{},[33,8194,8195],{},[15,8196,7114],{},[33,8198,8199],{},[15,8200,4639],{},[33,8202,8203],{},[15,8204,8205],{},"()",[33,8207,8208],{},[15,8209,4644],{},[33,8211,8212],{},[15,8213,4649],{},[33,8215,8216],{},[15,8217,4630],{},[20,8219,814],{},[75,8221,8223],{"className":77,"code":8222,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8224,8225,8239,8253,8267,8277,8287,8298,8312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8226,8227,8229,8231,8233,8235,8237],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8228,156],{"class":133},[84,8230,137],{"class":98},[84,8232,4720],{"class":140},[84,8234,137],{"class":98},[84,8236,2983],{"class":102},[84,8238,169],{"class":98},[84,8240,8241,8243,8245,8247,8249,8251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8242,156],{"class":133},[84,8244,137],{"class":98},[84,8246,4720],{"class":140},[84,8248,137],{"class":98},[84,8250,4620],{"class":102},[84,8252,169],{"class":98},[84,8254,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8256,156],{"class":133},[84,8258,137],{"class":98},[84,8260,4720],{"class":140},[84,8262,137],{"class":98},[84,8264,7114],{"class":185},[84,8266,169],{"class":98},[84,8268,8269,8271,8273,8275],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8270,156],{"class":133},[84,8272,137],{"class":98},[84,8274,4720],{"class":140},[84,8276,5276],{"class":98},[84,8278,8279,8281,8283,8285],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,8280,156],{"class":133},[84,8282,137],{"class":98},[84,8284,4720],{"class":140},[84,8286,5334],{"class":98},[84,8288,8289,8291,8293,8295],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,8290,156],{"class":133},[84,8292,137],{"class":98},[84,8294,4720],{"class":140},[84,8296,8297],{"class":98},"({}))\n",[84,8299,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,8301,156],{"class":133},[84,8303,137],{"class":98},[84,8305,4720],{"class":140},[84,8307,137],{"class":98},[84,8309,7129],{"class":140},[84,8311,7132],{"class":98},[84,8313,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,8315,156],{"class":133},[84,8317,137],{"class":98},[84,8319,4720],{"class":140},[84,8321,137],{"class":98},[84,8323,4630],{"class":4704},[84,8325,169],{"class":98},[20,8327,172],{},[75,8329,8331],{"className":77,"code":8330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8332,8333,8337,8341,8345,8349,8353,8357,8361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8334,8335],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8336,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8338,8339],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8340,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8342,8343],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8344,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8346,8347],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8348,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8350,8351],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,8352,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8354,8355],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,8356,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8358,8359],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,8360,4889],{"class":4704},[84,8362,8363],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,8364,4889],{"class":4704},[70,8366,8368],{"id":8367},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8370,8371,8372,8374,8375,8179],{},"Many values become ",[15,8373,4459],{},". These are often called ",[53,8376,6437],{},[20,8378,8182],{},[30,8380,8381,8384,8387,8390,8393,8396],{},[33,8382,8383],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,8385,8386],{},"non-empty strings",[33,8388,8389],{},"non-empty lists",[33,8391,8392],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,8394,8395],{},"non-empty sets",[33,8397,8398],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8400,814],{},[75,8402,8404],{"className":77,"code":8403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8405,8406,8420,8436,8454,8476,8494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8407,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8409,156],{"class":133},[84,8411,137],{"class":98},[84,8413,4720],{"class":140},[84,8415,137],{"class":98},[84,8417,3000],{"class":102},[84,8419,169],{"class":98},[84,8421,8422,8424,8426,8428,8430,8432,8434],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8423,156],{"class":133},[84,8425,137],{"class":98},[84,8427,4720],{"class":140},[84,8429,137],{"class":98},[84,8431,2888],{"class":94},[84,8433,199],{"class":102},[84,8435,169],{"class":98},[84,8437,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8439,156],{"class":133},[84,8441,137],{"class":98},[84,8443,4720],{"class":140},[84,8445,137],{"class":98},[84,8447,3711],{"class":185},[84,8449,4697],{"class":189},[84,8451,3711],{"class":185},[84,8453,169],{"class":98},[84,8455,8456,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8457,156],{"class":133},[84,8459,137],{"class":98},[84,8461,4720],{"class":140},[84,8463,3845],{"class":98},[84,8465,103],{"class":102},[84,8467,106],{"class":98},[84,8469,109],{"class":102},[84,8471,106],{"class":98},[84,8473,114],{"class":102},[84,8475,3858],{"class":98},[84,8477,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488,8490,8492],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,8479,156],{"class":133},[84,8481,137],{"class":98},[84,8483,4720],{"class":140},[84,8485,6354],{"class":98},[84,8487,103],{"class":102},[84,8489,106],{"class":98},[84,8491,109],{"class":102},[84,8493,3771],{"class":98},[84,8495,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506,8509,8511,8513,8515,8518,8520],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,8497,156],{"class":133},[84,8499,137],{"class":98},[84,8501,4720],{"class":140},[84,8503,6373],{"class":98},[84,8505,3711],{"class":185},[84,8507,8508],{"class":189},"name",[84,8510,3711],{"class":185},[84,8512,3743],{"class":98},[84,8514,4211],{"class":185},[84,8516,8517],{"class":189},"Sam",[84,8519,3711],{"class":185},[84,8521,6382],{"class":98},[20,8523,172],{},[75,8525,8527],{"className":77,"code":8526,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8528,8529,8533,8537,8541,8545,8549],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8530,8531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8532,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8534,8535],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8536,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8538,8539],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8540,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8542,8543],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8544,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8546,8547],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,8548,4828],{"class":4704},[84,8550,8551],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,8552,4828],{"class":4704},[20,8554,8555],{},"One important example is this:",[75,8557,8559],{"className":77,"code":8558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8560,8561],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8562,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571,8573,8575,8577],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8564,156],{"class":133},[84,8566,137],{"class":98},[84,8568,4720],{"class":140},[84,8570,137],{"class":98},[84,8572,3711],{"class":185},[84,8574,4528],{"class":189},[84,8576,3711],{"class":185},[84,8578,169],{"class":98},[20,8580,172],{},[75,8582,8583],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8584,8585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8586,8587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8588,4828],{"class":4704},[20,8590,8591,8592,8594,8595,307],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8593,7518],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8596,4459],{},[70,8598,8600],{"id":8599},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8602,8603,8604,8606],{},"You can use ",[15,8605,4665],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[995,8608,8610],{"id":8609},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[75,8612,8614],{"className":77,"code":8613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8615,8616,8637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8617,8618,8621,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631,8633,8635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8619,8620],{"class":90},"items ",[84,8622,95],{"class":94},[84,8624,99],{"class":98},[84,8626,437],{"class":102},[84,8628,106],{"class":98},[84,8630,442],{"class":102},[84,8632,106],{"class":98},[84,8634,447],{"class":102},[84,8636,122],{"class":98},[84,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8640,156],{"class":133},[84,8642,137],{"class":98},[84,8644,4720],{"class":140},[84,8646,137],{"class":98},[84,8648,8649],{"class":146},"items",[84,8651,169],{"class":98},[20,8653,172],{},[75,8655,8656],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8657,8658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8659,8660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8661,4828],{"class":4704},[20,8663,8664],{},"With an empty list:",[75,8666,8668],{"className":77,"code":8667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8669,8670,8679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8671,8672,8674,8676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8673,8620],{"class":90},[84,8675,95],{"class":94},[84,8677,8678],{"class":98}," []\n",[84,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8682,156],{"class":133},[84,8684,137],{"class":98},[84,8686,4720],{"class":140},[84,8688,137],{"class":98},[84,8690,8649],{"class":146},[84,8692,169],{"class":98},[20,8694,172],{},[75,8696,8697],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8698,8699],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8700,8701],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8702,4889],{"class":4704},[995,8704,8706],{"id":8705},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[75,8708,8710],{"className":77,"code":8709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8711,8712,8722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8713,8714,8717,8719],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8715,8716],{"class":90},"name ",[84,8718,95],{"class":94},[84,8720,8721],{"class":185}," \"\"\n",[84,8723,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8725,156],{"class":133},[84,8727,137],{"class":98},[84,8729,4720],{"class":140},[84,8731,137],{"class":98},[84,8733,8508],{"class":146},[84,8735,169],{"class":98},[20,8737,172],{},[75,8739,8740],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8741,8742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8743,8744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8745,4889],{"class":4704},[75,8747,8749],{"className":77,"code":8748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8750,8751,8764],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8752,8753,8755,8757,8759,8762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8754,8716],{"class":90},[84,8756,95],{"class":94},[84,8758,4211],{"class":185},[84,8760,8761],{"class":189},"Mia",[84,8763,4217],{"class":185},[84,8765,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8767,156],{"class":133},[84,8769,137],{"class":98},[84,8771,4720],{"class":140},[84,8773,137],{"class":98},[84,8775,8508],{"class":146},[84,8777,169],{"class":98},[20,8779,172],{},[75,8781,8782],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8783,8784],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8785,8786],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8787,4828],{"class":4704},[995,8789,8791],{"id":8790},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[75,8793,8795],{"className":77,"code":8794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8796,8797,8811,8828,8832],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8798,8799,8802,8804,8806,8809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8800,8801],{"class":90},"username ",[84,8803,95],{"class":94},[84,8805,4211],{"class":185},[84,8807,8808],{"class":189},"alex",[84,8810,4217],{"class":185},[84,8812,8813,8816,8818,8821,8823,8826],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8814,8815],{"class":90},"has_name ",[84,8817,95],{"class":94},[84,8819,8820],{"class":140}," bool",[84,8822,137],{"class":98},[84,8824,8825],{"class":146},"username",[84,8827,150],{"class":98},[84,8829,8830],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8831,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,8833,8834,8836,8838,8841],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8835,156],{"class":133},[84,8837,137],{"class":98},[84,8839,8840],{"class":146},"has_name",[84,8842,150],{"class":98},[20,8844,172],{},[75,8846,8847],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8848,8849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8850,8851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8852,4828],{"class":4704},[20,8854,8855,8856,3736,8858,8860],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8857,4459],{},[15,8859,4528],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[995,8862,8864],{"id":8863},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8866,8867],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[75,8869,8871],{"className":77,"code":8870,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8872,8873,8893,8897,8905],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8874,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8876,91],{"class":90},[84,8878,95],{"class":94},[84,8880,99],{"class":98},[84,8882,103],{"class":102},[84,8884,106],{"class":98},[84,8886,109],{"class":102},[84,8888,106],{"class":98},[84,8890,114],{"class":102},[84,8892,122],{"class":98},[84,8894,8895],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,8896,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,8898,8899,8901,8903],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,8900,7836],{"class":633},[84,8902,147],{"class":90},[84,8904,1440],{"class":98},[84,8906,8907,8909,8911,8913,8916,8918],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,8908,1445],{"class":133},[84,8910,137],{"class":98},[84,8912,3711],{"class":185},[84,8914,8915],{"class":189},"The list is not empty",[84,8917,3711],{"class":185},[84,8919,150],{"class":98},[20,8921,172],{},[75,8923,8925],{"className":77,"code":8924,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8926,8927],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8928,8929,8931,8933,8936,8939],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8930,2847],{"class":90},[84,8932,161],{"class":140},[84,8934,8935],{"class":94}," is",[84,8937,8938],{"class":94}," not",[84,8940,8941],{"class":90}," empty\n",[20,8943,8944,8945,307],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[303,8946,8948],{"href":8947},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[70,8950,8952],{"id":8951},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8954,8955,8956,8958],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8957,4665],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8960,8961],{},"It does not do that.",[995,8963,8965,3254,8968],{"id":8964},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8966,8967],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8969,4459],{},[75,8971,8972],{"className":77,"code":8558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8973,8974],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,8977,156],{"class":133},[84,8979,137],{"class":98},[84,8981,4720],{"class":140},[84,8983,137],{"class":98},[84,8985,3711],{"class":185},[84,8987,4528],{"class":189},[84,8989,3711],{"class":185},[84,8991,169],{"class":98},[20,8993,172],{},[75,8995,8996],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,8997,8998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,8999,9000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9001,4828],{"class":4704},[995,9003,9005,3254,9008],{"id":9004},"bool0-returns-true",[15,9006,9007],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,9009,4459],{},[75,9011,9013],{"className":77,"code":9012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,9014,9015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9016,9017,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9018,156],{"class":133},[84,9020,137],{"class":98},[84,9022,4720],{"class":140},[84,9024,137],{"class":98},[84,9026,3711],{"class":185},[84,9028,2983],{"class":189},[84,9030,3711],{"class":185},[84,9032,169],{"class":98},[20,9034,172],{},[75,9036,9037],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9038,9039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9040,9041],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9042,4828],{"class":4704},[20,9044,9045,9046,307],{},"This happens because both values are ",[53,9047,8386],{},[20,9049,9050,9052],{},[15,9051,4665],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,9054,9055,9056,9061,9062,9064],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[303,9057,9059],{"href":9058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,9060,3817],{},", because ",[15,9063,3817],{}," always returns a string.",[20,9066,814],{},[75,9068,9070],{"className":77,"code":9069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,9071,9072,9093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9073,9074,9077,9079,9082,9084,9086,9089,9091],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9075,9076],{"class":90},"user_value ",[84,9078,95],{"class":94},[84,9080,9081],{"class":133}," input",[84,9083,137],{"class":98},[84,9085,3711],{"class":185},[84,9087,9088],{"class":189},"Enter True or False: ",[84,9090,3711],{"class":185},[84,9092,150],{"class":98},[84,9094,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9106],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9096,156],{"class":133},[84,9098,137],{"class":98},[84,9100,4720],{"class":140},[84,9102,137],{"class":98},[84,9104,9105],{"class":146},"user_value",[84,9107,169],{"class":98},[20,9109,9110,9111,9113,9114,9061,9116,9118],{},"If the user types ",[15,9112,4528],{},", the result will still be ",[15,9115,4459],{},[15,9117,7518],{}," is not empty.",[70,9120,9122],{"id":9121},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,9124,9125,9126,9128,9129,9131],{},"In many ",[15,9127,7836],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,9130,4665],{}," yourself.",[20,9133,9134],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,9136,9137],{},"Instead of this:",[75,9139,9141],{"className":77,"code":9140,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9142,9143,9164,9168,9181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9144,9145,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9146,9147],{"class":90},"my_list ",[84,9149,95],{"class":94},[84,9151,99],{"class":98},[84,9153,103],{"class":102},[84,9155,106],{"class":98},[84,9157,109],{"class":102},[84,9159,106],{"class":98},[84,9161,114],{"class":102},[84,9163,122],{"class":98},[84,9165,9166],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9167,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,9169,9170,9172,9174,9176,9179],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,9171,7836],{"class":633},[84,9173,8820],{"class":140},[84,9175,137],{"class":98},[84,9177,9178],{"class":146},"my_list",[84,9180,628],{"class":98},[84,9182,9183,9185,9187,9189,9192,9194],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,9184,1445],{"class":133},[84,9186,137],{"class":98},[84,9188,3711],{"class":185},[84,9190,9191],{"class":189},"List has items",[84,9193,3711],{"class":185},[84,9195,150],{"class":98},[20,9197,9198],{},"You can simply write:",[75,9200,9202],{"className":77,"code":9201,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9203,9204,9224,9228,9237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9205,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9207,9147],{"class":90},[84,9209,95],{"class":94},[84,9211,99],{"class":98},[84,9213,103],{"class":102},[84,9215,106],{"class":98},[84,9217,109],{"class":102},[84,9219,106],{"class":98},[84,9221,114],{"class":102},[84,9223,122],{"class":98},[84,9225,9226],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9227,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,9229,9230,9232,9235],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,9231,7836],{"class":633},[84,9233,9234],{"class":90}," my_list",[84,9236,1440],{"class":98},[84,9238,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,9240,1445],{"class":133},[84,9242,137],{"class":98},[84,9244,3711],{"class":185},[84,9246,9191],{"class":189},[84,9248,3711],{"class":185},[84,9250,150],{"class":98},[20,9252,9253],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9255,595,9256,9258],{},[15,9257,4665],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,9260,9261,9264,9272],{},[33,9262,9263],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,9265,9266,9267,3736,9269,9271],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9268,4459],{},[15,9270,4528],{}," value",[33,9273,9274],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9276,9277,9278,307],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[303,9279,9280],{"href":3157},"Python type() function explained",[70,9282,3686],{"id":3685},[20,9284,9285,9286,307],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9287,4665],{},[995,9289,9291,9292,9294,9295],{"id":9290},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,9293,8967],{}," to return ",[15,9296,4528],{},[20,9298,9299],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[75,9301,9302],{"className":77,"code":8558,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9303,9304],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9305,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9307,156],{"class":133},[84,9309,137],{"class":98},[84,9311,4720],{"class":140},[84,9313,137],{"class":98},[84,9315,3711],{"class":185},[84,9317,4528],{"class":189},[84,9319,3711],{"class":185},[84,9321,169],{"class":98},[20,9323,172],{},[75,9325,9326],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9327,9328],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9329,9330],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9331,4828],{"class":4704},[20,9333,9334,9335,7519],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9336,7518],{},[20,9338,9339],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[75,9341,9343],{"className":77,"code":9342,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9344,9345,9357],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9346,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9348,3304],{"class":90},[84,9350,95],{"class":94},[84,9352,4211],{"class":185},[84,9354,4528],{"class":189},[84,9356,4217],{"class":185},[84,9358,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9360,156],{"class":133},[84,9362,137],{"class":98},[84,9364,3304],{"class":146},[84,9366,5535],{"class":94},[84,9368,4211],{"class":185},[84,9370,4459],{"class":189},[84,9372,3711],{"class":185},[84,9374,150],{"class":98},[20,9376,172],{},[75,9378,9379],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,9380,9381],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9382,9383],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9384,4889],{"class":4704},[995,9386,9388],{"id":9387},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9390,9391,9393],{},[15,9392,3817],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[75,9395,9397],{"className":77,"code":9396,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9398,9399,9418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9400,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9414,9416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9402,3304],{"class":90},[84,9404,95],{"class":94},[84,9406,9081],{"class":133},[84,9408,137],{"class":98},[84,9410,3711],{"class":185},[84,9412,9413],{"class":189},"Enter yes or no: ",[84,9415,3711],{"class":185},[84,9417,150],{"class":98},[84,9419,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9421,156],{"class":133},[84,9423,137],{"class":98},[84,9425,4720],{"class":140},[84,9427,137],{"class":98},[84,9429,3329],{"class":146},[84,9431,169],{"class":98},[20,9433,9110,9434,9437,9438,9440,9441,9118],{},[15,9435,9436],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9439,4459],{}," because ",[15,9442,9443],{},"\"no\"",[20,9445,9446],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[75,9448,9450],{"className":77,"code":9449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9451,9452,9483],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9453,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9471,9474,9477,9480],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9455,3304],{"class":90},[84,9457,95],{"class":94},[84,9459,9081],{"class":133},[84,9461,137],{"class":98},[84,9463,3711],{"class":185},[84,9465,9413],{"class":189},[84,9467,3711],{"class":185},[84,9469,9470],{"class":98},").",[84,9472,9473],{"class":146},"strip",[84,9475,9476],{"class":98},"().",[84,9478,9479],{"class":146},"lower",[84,9481,9482],{"class":98},"()\n",[84,9484,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9498,9500],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9486,156],{"class":133},[84,9488,137],{"class":98},[84,9490,3304],{"class":146},[84,9492,5535],{"class":94},[84,9494,4211],{"class":185},[84,9496,9497],{"class":189},"yes",[84,9499,3711],{"class":185},[84,9501,150],{"class":98},[20,9503,9504,9505,9507,9508,307],{},"This gives ",[15,9506,4459],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9509,9497],{},[995,9511,9513],{"id":9512},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9515,9516],{},"These are different:",[30,9518,9519,9523,9527,9531,9535],{},[33,9520,9521],{},[15,9522,4528],{},[33,9524,9525],{},[15,9526,2983],{},[33,9528,9529],{},[15,9530,7114],{},[33,9532,9533],{},[15,9534,4639],{},[33,9536,9537],{},[15,9538,4630],{},[20,9540,9541,9542,9544,9545,9547],{},"They all become ",[15,9543,4528],{}," with ",[15,9546,4665],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9549,9550],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[75,9552,9554],{"className":77,"code":9553,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9555,9556,9564,9578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9557,9558,9560,9562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9559,3304],{"class":90},[84,9561,95],{"class":94},[84,9563,8678],{"class":98},[84,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9567,156],{"class":133},[84,9569,137],{"class":98},[84,9571,2624],{"class":140},[84,9573,137],{"class":98},[84,9575,3329],{"class":146},[84,9577,169],{"class":98},[84,9579,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,9581,156],{"class":133},[84,9583,137],{"class":98},[84,9585,4720],{"class":140},[84,9587,137],{"class":98},[84,9589,3329],{"class":146},[84,9591,169],{"class":98},[20,9593,172],{},[75,9595,9597],{"className":77,"code":9596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9598,9599,9613],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9600,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9602,1251],{"class":94},[84,9604,4152],{"class":614},[84,9606,196],{"class":185},[84,9608,161],{"class":189},[84,9610,186],{"class":185},[84,9612,1270],{"class":94},[84,9614,9615],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9616,4889],{"class":4704},[995,9618,595,9620,9622],{"id":9619},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9621,4644],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9624,9625,9626,9628],{},"In Python, ",[15,9627,4644],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[75,9630,9632],{"className":77,"code":9631,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9633,9634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9635,9636,9638,9640,9642],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9637,156],{"class":133},[84,9639,137],{"class":98},[84,9641,2624],{"class":140},[84,9643,8297],{"class":98},[20,9645,172],{},[75,9647,9649],{"className":77,"code":9648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9650,9651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9652,9653,9655,9657,9659,9662,9664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9654,1251],{"class":94},[84,9656,4152],{"class":614},[84,9658,196],{"class":185},[84,9660,9661],{"class":189},"dict",[84,9663,186],{"class":185},[84,9665,1270],{"class":94},[20,9667,9668],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[75,9670,9672],{"className":77,"code":9671,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9673,9674],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9675,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9677,156],{"class":133},[84,9679,137],{"class":98},[84,9681,2624],{"class":140},[84,9683,137],{"class":98},[84,9685,7129],{"class":140},[84,9687,7132],{"class":98},[20,9689,172],{},[75,9691,9693],{"className":77,"code":9692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9694,9695],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9696,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9698,1251],{"class":94},[84,9700,4152],{"class":614},[84,9702,196],{"class":185},[84,9704,7129],{"class":189},[84,9706,186],{"class":185},[84,9708,1270],{"class":94},[70,9710,9712],{"id":9711},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9714,2583,9715,9717],{},[15,9716,4665],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[75,9719,9721],{"className":77,"code":9720,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9722,9723,9737,9751,9761,9779],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,9724,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,9726,156],{"class":133},[84,9728,137],{"class":98},[84,9730,4720],{"class":140},[84,9732,137],{"class":98},[84,9734,3329],{"class":146},[84,9736,169],{"class":98},[84,9738,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,9740,156],{"class":133},[84,9742,137],{"class":98},[84,9744,2624],{"class":140},[84,9746,137],{"class":98},[84,9748,3329],{"class":146},[84,9750,169],{"class":98},[84,9752,9753,9755,9757,9759],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,9754,156],{"class":133},[84,9756,137],{"class":98},[84,9758,3329],{"class":146},[84,9760,150],{"class":98},[84,9762,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,9764,156],{"class":133},[84,9766,137],{"class":98},[84,9768,3304],{"class":146},[84,9770,5535],{"class":94},[84,9772,4211],{"class":185},[84,9774,4459],{"class":189},[84,9776,3711],{"class":185},[84,9778,150],{"class":98},[84,9780,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,9782,156],{"class":133},[84,9784,137],{"class":98},[84,9786,3329],{"class":146},[84,9788,307],{"class":98},[84,9790,9473],{"class":146},[84,9792,9476],{"class":98},[84,9794,9479],{"class":146},[84,9796,8033],{"class":98},[20,9798,9799],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,9801,9802,9805,9808,9811],{},[33,9803,9804],{},"what the value really is",[33,9806,9807],{},"whether it is a string",[33,9809,9810],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,9812,9813],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9815,9816,9817,307],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[303,9818,9820],{"href":9819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[70,9822,2694],{"id":2693},[995,9824,9826],{"id":9825},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9828,9829,9830,3736,9832,307],{},"It returns either ",[15,9831,4459],{},[15,9833,4528],{},[995,9835,9837],{"id":9836},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9839,5993,9840,307],{},[15,9841,4528],{},[995,9843,9845],{"id":9844},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9847,9848,9849,307],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9850,4459],{},[995,9852,9854],{"id":9853},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9856,9857,9858,307],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9859,4528],{},[995,9861,9863],{"id":9862},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9865,9866,9867,3736,9869,4589],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9868,4459],{},[15,9870,4528],{},[70,9872,2751],{"id":2750},[30,9874,9875,9880,9884,9889,9893,9898],{},[33,9876,9877],{},[303,9878,9879],{"href":6621},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,9881,9882],{},[303,9883,8948],{"href":8947},[33,9885,9886],{},[303,9887,9888],{"href":9058},"Python input() function explained",[33,9890,9891],{},[303,9892,9280],{"href":3157},[33,9894,9895],{},[303,9896,9897],{"href":9819},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9899,9900],{},[303,9901,9902],{"href":8049},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2785,9904,9905],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":9907},[9908,9909,9910,9911,9912,9913,9919,9925,9926,9934,9935,9942],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":7986,"depth":125,"text":7987},{"id":8053,"depth":125,"text":8054},{"id":8172,"depth":125,"text":8173},{"id":8367,"depth":125,"text":8368},{"id":8599,"depth":125,"text":8600,"children":9914},[9915,9916,9917,9918],{"id":8609,"depth":153,"text":8610},{"id":8705,"depth":153,"text":8706},{"id":8790,"depth":153,"text":8791},{"id":8863,"depth":153,"text":8864},{"id":8951,"depth":125,"text":8952,"children":9920},[9921,9923],{"id":8964,"depth":153,"text":9922},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":9004,"depth":153,"text":9924},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":9121,"depth":125,"text":9122},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":9927},[9928,9930,9931,9932],{"id":9290,"depth":153,"text":9929},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9387,"depth":153,"text":9388},{"id":9512,"depth":153,"text":9513},{"id":9619,"depth":153,"text":9933},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9711,"depth":125,"text":9712},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":9936},[9937,9938,9939,9940,9941],{"id":9825,"depth":153,"text":9826},{"id":9836,"depth":153,"text":9837},{"id":9844,"depth":153,"text":9845},{"id":9853,"depth":153,"text":9854},{"id":9862,"depth":153,"text":9863},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7813,"description":9943},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9950,"title":9951,"body":9952,"description":12148,"extension":2830,"meta":12149,"navigation":472,"path":12150,"seo":12151,"stem":12152,"__hash__":12153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9953,"toc":12110},[9954,9960,9966,9973,9978,9989,9996,10105,10109,10178,10183,10188,10193,10196,10207,10212,10215,10226,10233,10235,10240,10244,10269,10273,10282,10286,10349,10353,10386,10390,10435,10439,10476,10480,10483,10539,10543,10589,10592,10597,10636,10640,10663,10666,10680,10693,10697,10702,10769,10773,10809,10812,10820,10823,10887,10891,10923,10929,10931,10991,10998,11001,11079,11083,11116,11120,11123,11167,11171,11207,11210,11227,11230,11233,11286,11289,11300,11307,11316,11319,11377,11381,11422,11430,11438,11444,11452,11464,11469,11480,11553,11556,11568,11584,11588,11593,11597,11599,11642,11648,11651,11714,11718,11721,11730,11735,11772,11776,11779,11787,11790,11829,11833,11836,11887,11891,11912,11919,11921,11927,11954,11957,12012,12015,12026,12028,12035,12043,12049,12054,12061,12064,12071,12078,12080,12107],[10,9955,13,9957,18],{"id":9956},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9958,9959],{},"dict()",[20,9961,9962,9963,9965],{},"The built-in ",[15,9964,9959],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9967,9968,9969,9972],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[53,9970,9971],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9974,9975,9977],{},[15,9976,9959],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9979,9980,9983,9986],{},[33,9981,9982],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9984,9985],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9987,9988],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9990,9991,9992,307],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[303,9993,9995],{"href":9994},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[75,9997,9999],{"className":77,"code":9998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,10000,10001,10036,10047,10051,10090],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10002,10003,10006,10008,10011,10013,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10029,10031,10034],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10004,10005],{"class":90},"data ",[84,10007,95],{"class":94},[84,10009,10010],{"class":140}," dict",[84,10012,137],{"class":98},[84,10014,8508],{"class":10015},"s99_P",[84,10017,95],{"class":94},[84,10019,186],{"class":185},[84,10021,5851],{"class":189},[84,10023,186],{"class":185},[84,10025,106],{"class":98},[84,10027,10028],{"class":10015}," age",[84,10030,95],{"class":94},[84,10032,10033],{"class":102},"25",[84,10035,150],{"class":98},[84,10037,10038,10040,10042,10045],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10039,156],{"class":133},[84,10041,137],{"class":98},[84,10043,10044],{"class":146},"data",[84,10046,150],{"class":98},[84,10048,10049],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,10050,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,10052,10053,10056,10058,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10074,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,10054,10055],{"class":90},"pairs ",[84,10057,95],{"class":94},[84,10059,10060],{"class":98}," [(",[84,10062,186],{"class":185},[84,10064,303],{"class":189},[84,10066,186],{"class":185},[84,10068,106],{"class":98},[84,10070,6341],{"class":102},[84,10072,10073],{"class":98},"),",[84,10075,10076],{"class":98}," (",[84,10078,186],{"class":185},[84,10080,5608],{"class":189},[84,10082,186],{"class":185},[84,10084,106],{"class":98},[84,10086,109],{"class":102},[84,10088,10089],{"class":98},")]\n",[84,10091,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10103],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,10093,156],{"class":133},[84,10095,137],{"class":98},[84,10097,9661],{"class":140},[84,10099,137],{"class":98},[84,10101,10102],{"class":146},"pairs",[84,10104,169],{"class":98},[20,10106,10107],{},[53,10108,172],{},[75,10110,10112],{"className":77,"code":10111,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10113,10114,10150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10115,10116,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10140,10142,10144,10147],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10117,10118],{"class":98},"{",[84,10120,186],{"class":185},[84,10122,8508],{"class":189},[84,10124,186],{"class":185},[84,10126,3743],{"class":98},[84,10128,196],{"class":185},[84,10130,5851],{"class":189},[84,10132,186],{"class":185},[84,10134,106],{"class":98},[84,10136,196],{"class":185},[84,10138,10139],{"class":189},"age",[84,10141,186],{"class":185},[84,10143,3743],{"class":98},[84,10145,10146],{"class":102}," 25",[84,10148,10149],{"class":98},"}\n",[84,10151,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10153,10118],{"class":98},[84,10155,186],{"class":185},[84,10157,303],{"class":189},[84,10159,186],{"class":185},[84,10161,3743],{"class":98},[84,10163,6341],{"class":102},[84,10165,106],{"class":98},[84,10167,196],{"class":185},[84,10169,5608],{"class":189},[84,10171,186],{"class":185},[84,10173,3743],{"class":98},[84,10175,109],{"class":102},[84,10177,10149],{"class":98},[20,10179,224,10180,10182],{},[15,10181,9959],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[70,10184,235,10186,238],{"id":10185},"what-dict-does",[15,10187,9959],{},[20,10189,10190,10192],{},[15,10191,9959],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,10194,10195],{},"A dictionary:",[30,10197,10198,10201,10204],{},[33,10199,10200],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,10202,10203],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,10205,10206],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10208,10209,10211],{},[15,10210,9959],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10213,10214],{},"Common uses include:",[30,10216,10217,10220,10223],{},[33,10218,10219],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,10221,10222],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,10224,10225],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10227,10228,10229,307],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[303,10230,10232],{"href":10231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[70,10234,311],{"id":310},[20,10236,10237,10239],{},[15,10238,9959],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[995,10241,10243],{"id":10242},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[75,10245,10247],{"className":77,"code":10246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10248,10249,10259],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10250,10251,10253,10255,10257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10252,10005],{"class":90},[84,10254,95],{"class":94},[84,10256,10010],{"class":140},[84,10258,9482],{"class":98},[84,10260,10261,10263,10265,10267],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10262,156],{"class":133},[84,10264,137],{"class":98},[84,10266,10044],{"class":146},[84,10268,150],{"class":98},[20,10270,10271],{},[53,10272,172],{},[75,10274,10276],{"className":77,"code":10275,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{}\n",[15,10277,10278],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10279,10280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10281,10275],{"class":98},[995,10283,10285],{"id":10284},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[75,10287,10289],{"className":77,"code":10288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10290,10291,10325,10339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10292,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10294,10055],{"class":90},[84,10296,95],{"class":94},[84,10298,10060],{"class":98},[84,10300,186],{"class":185},[84,10302,303],{"class":189},[84,10304,186],{"class":185},[84,10306,106],{"class":98},[84,10308,6341],{"class":102},[84,10310,10073],{"class":98},[84,10312,10076],{"class":98},[84,10314,186],{"class":185},[84,10316,5608],{"class":189},[84,10318,186],{"class":185},[84,10320,106],{"class":98},[84,10322,109],{"class":102},[84,10324,10089],{"class":98},[84,10326,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10328,10005],{"class":90},[84,10330,95],{"class":94},[84,10332,10010],{"class":140},[84,10334,137],{"class":98},[84,10336,10102],{"class":146},[84,10338,150],{"class":98},[84,10340,10341,10343,10345,10347],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,10342,156],{"class":133},[84,10344,137],{"class":98},[84,10346,10044],{"class":146},[84,10348,150],{"class":98},[20,10350,10351],{},[53,10352,172],{},[75,10354,10356],{"className":77,"code":10355,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10357,10358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10359,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10361,10118],{"class":98},[84,10363,186],{"class":185},[84,10365,303],{"class":189},[84,10367,186],{"class":185},[84,10369,3743],{"class":98},[84,10371,6341],{"class":102},[84,10373,106],{"class":98},[84,10375,196],{"class":185},[84,10377,5608],{"class":189},[84,10379,186],{"class":185},[84,10381,3743],{"class":98},[84,10383,109],{"class":102},[84,10385,10149],{"class":98},[995,10387,10389],{"id":10388},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[75,10391,10393],{"className":77,"code":10392,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10394,10395,10425],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10396,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10398,10005],{"class":90},[84,10400,95],{"class":94},[84,10402,10010],{"class":140},[84,10404,137],{"class":98},[84,10406,8508],{"class":10015},[84,10408,95],{"class":94},[84,10410,186],{"class":185},[84,10412,5851],{"class":189},[84,10414,186],{"class":185},[84,10416,106],{"class":98},[84,10418,10028],{"class":10015},[84,10420,95],{"class":94},[84,10422,10033],{"class":102},[84,10424,150],{"class":98},[84,10426,10427,10429,10431,10433],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10428,156],{"class":133},[84,10430,137],{"class":98},[84,10432,10044],{"class":146},[84,10434,150],{"class":98},[20,10436,10437],{},[53,10438,172],{},[75,10440,10442],{"className":77,"code":10441,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10443,10444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10445,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10447,10118],{"class":98},[84,10449,186],{"class":185},[84,10451,8508],{"class":189},[84,10453,186],{"class":185},[84,10455,3743],{"class":98},[84,10457,196],{"class":185},[84,10459,5851],{"class":189},[84,10461,186],{"class":185},[84,10463,106],{"class":98},[84,10465,196],{"class":185},[84,10467,10139],{"class":189},[84,10469,186],{"class":185},[84,10471,3743],{"class":98},[84,10473,10146],{"class":102},[84,10475,10149],{"class":98},[995,10477,10479],{"id":10478},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10481,10482],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[75,10484,10486],{"className":77,"code":10485,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10487,10488,10529],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10489,10490,10492,10494,10496,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10523,10525,10527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10491,10005],{"class":90},[84,10493,95],{"class":94},[84,10495,10010],{"class":140},[84,10497,10498],{"class":98},"([(",[84,10500,186],{"class":185},[84,10502,303],{"class":189},[84,10504,186],{"class":185},[84,10506,106],{"class":98},[84,10508,6341],{"class":102},[84,10510,10511],{"class":98},")],",[84,10513,835],{"class":10015},[84,10515,95],{"class":94},[84,10517,199],{"class":102},[84,10519,106],{"class":98},[84,10521,10522],{"class":10015}," c",[84,10524,95],{"class":94},[84,10526,208],{"class":102},[84,10528,150],{"class":98},[84,10530,10531,10533,10535,10537],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10532,156],{"class":133},[84,10534,137],{"class":98},[84,10536,10044],{"class":146},[84,10538,150],{"class":98},[20,10540,10541],{},[53,10542,172],{},[75,10544,10546],{"className":77,"code":10545,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10547,10548],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10549,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10581,10583,10585,10587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10551,10118],{"class":98},[84,10553,186],{"class":185},[84,10555,303],{"class":189},[84,10557,186],{"class":185},[84,10559,3743],{"class":98},[84,10561,6341],{"class":102},[84,10563,106],{"class":98},[84,10565,196],{"class":185},[84,10567,5608],{"class":189},[84,10569,186],{"class":185},[84,10571,3743],{"class":98},[84,10573,109],{"class":102},[84,10575,106],{"class":98},[84,10577,196],{"class":185},[84,10579,10580],{"class":189},"c",[84,10582,186],{"class":185},[84,10584,3743],{"class":98},[84,10586,114],{"class":102},[84,10588,10149],{"class":98},[70,10590,10243],{"id":10591},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10593,224,10594,10596],{},[15,10595,9959],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[75,10598,10600],{"className":77,"code":10599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10601,10602,10612,10626],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10603,10604,10606,10608,10610],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10605,10005],{"class":90},[84,10607,95],{"class":94},[84,10609,10010],{"class":140},[84,10611,9482],{"class":98},[84,10613,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10615,156],{"class":133},[84,10617,137],{"class":98},[84,10619,2624],{"class":140},[84,10621,137],{"class":98},[84,10623,10044],{"class":146},[84,10625,169],{"class":98},[84,10627,10628,10630,10632,10634],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,10629,156],{"class":133},[84,10631,137],{"class":98},[84,10633,10044],{"class":146},[84,10635,150],{"class":98},[20,10637,10638],{},[53,10639,172],{},[75,10641,10643],{"className":77,"code":10642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10644,10645,10659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10646,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10648,1251],{"class":94},[84,10650,4152],{"class":614},[84,10652,196],{"class":185},[84,10654,9661],{"class":189},[84,10656,186],{"class":185},[84,10658,1270],{"class":94},[84,10660,10661],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10662,10275],{"class":98},[20,10664,10665],{},"This gives the same result as:",[75,10667,10669],{"className":77,"code":10668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n",[15,10670,10671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10672,10673,10675,10677],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10674,10005],{"class":90},[84,10676,95],{"class":94},[84,10678,10679],{"class":98}," {}\n",[20,10681,10682,10683,10685,10686,10689,10690,10692],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10684,4644],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10687,10688],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10691,9959],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[70,10694,10696],{"id":10695},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10698,10699,10700,307],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10701,9959],{},[75,10703,10705],{"className":77,"code":10704,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10706,10707,10745,10759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10708,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10710,10055],{"class":90},[84,10712,95],{"class":94},[84,10714,10060],{"class":98},[84,10716,186],{"class":185},[84,10718,8508],{"class":189},[84,10720,186],{"class":185},[84,10722,106],{"class":98},[84,10724,196],{"class":185},[84,10726,5851],{"class":189},[84,10728,186],{"class":185},[84,10730,10073],{"class":98},[84,10732,10076],{"class":98},[84,10734,186],{"class":185},[84,10736,10139],{"class":189},[84,10738,186],{"class":185},[84,10740,106],{"class":98},[84,10742,10146],{"class":102},[84,10744,10089],{"class":98},[84,10746,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10748,10005],{"class":90},[84,10750,95],{"class":94},[84,10752,10010],{"class":140},[84,10754,137],{"class":98},[84,10756,10102],{"class":146},[84,10758,150],{"class":98},[84,10760,10761,10763,10765,10767],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,10762,156],{"class":133},[84,10764,137],{"class":98},[84,10766,10044],{"class":146},[84,10768,150],{"class":98},[20,10770,10771],{},[53,10772,172],{},[75,10774,10775],{"className":77,"code":10441,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10776,10777],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10778,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10780,10118],{"class":98},[84,10782,186],{"class":185},[84,10784,8508],{"class":189},[84,10786,186],{"class":185},[84,10788,3743],{"class":98},[84,10790,196],{"class":185},[84,10792,5851],{"class":189},[84,10794,186],{"class":185},[84,10796,106],{"class":98},[84,10798,196],{"class":185},[84,10800,10139],{"class":189},[84,10802,186],{"class":185},[84,10804,3743],{"class":98},[84,10806,10146],{"class":102},[84,10808,10149],{"class":98},[20,10810,10811],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,10813,10814,10817],{},[33,10815,10816],{},"the first item as the key",[33,10818,10819],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10821,10822],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[75,10824,10826],{"className":77,"code":10825,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10827,10828,10863,10877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10829,10830,10832,10834,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10831,10055],{"class":90},[84,10833,95],{"class":94},[84,10835,10836],{"class":98}," ((",[84,10838,186],{"class":185},[84,10840,303],{"class":189},[84,10842,186],{"class":185},[84,10844,106],{"class":98},[84,10846,6341],{"class":102},[84,10848,10073],{"class":98},[84,10850,10076],{"class":98},[84,10852,186],{"class":185},[84,10854,5608],{"class":189},[84,10856,186],{"class":185},[84,10858,106],{"class":98},[84,10860,109],{"class":102},[84,10862,169],{"class":98},[84,10864,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10866,10005],{"class":90},[84,10868,95],{"class":94},[84,10870,10010],{"class":140},[84,10872,137],{"class":98},[84,10874,10102],{"class":146},[84,10876,150],{"class":98},[84,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,10880,156],{"class":133},[84,10882,137],{"class":98},[84,10884,10044],{"class":146},[84,10886,150],{"class":98},[20,10888,10889],{},[53,10890,172],{},[75,10892,10893],{"className":77,"code":10355,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,10894,10895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10896,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10898,10118],{"class":98},[84,10900,186],{"class":185},[84,10902,303],{"class":189},[84,10904,186],{"class":185},[84,10906,3743],{"class":98},[84,10908,6341],{"class":102},[84,10910,106],{"class":98},[84,10912,196],{"class":185},[84,10914,5608],{"class":189},[84,10916,186],{"class":185},[84,10918,3743],{"class":98},[84,10920,109],{"class":102},[84,10922,10149],{"class":98},[20,10924,10925,10926,307],{},"Each item must contain ",[53,10927,10928],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10930,3693],{},[75,10932,10934],{"className":77,"code":10933,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10935,10936,10976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,10937,10938,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,10939,10940],{"class":90},"bad_data ",[84,10942,95],{"class":94},[84,10944,10060],{"class":98},[84,10946,186],{"class":185},[84,10948,303],{"class":189},[84,10950,186],{"class":185},[84,10952,106],{"class":98},[84,10954,6341],{"class":102},[84,10956,106],{"class":98},[84,10958,10959],{"class":102}," 100",[84,10961,10073],{"class":98},[84,10963,10076],{"class":98},[84,10965,186],{"class":185},[84,10967,5608],{"class":189},[84,10969,186],{"class":185},[84,10971,106],{"class":98},[84,10973,109],{"class":102},[84,10975,10089],{"class":98},[84,10977,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10989],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,10979,128],{"class":90},[84,10981,95],{"class":94},[84,10983,10010],{"class":140},[84,10985,137],{"class":98},[84,10987,10988],{"class":146},"bad_data",[84,10990,150],{"class":98},[20,10992,10993,10994,10997],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10995,10996],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10999,11000],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[75,11002,11004],{"className":77,"code":11003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11005,11006,11055,11069],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11009,10055],{"class":90},[84,11011,95],{"class":94},[84,11013,10060],{"class":98},[84,11015,186],{"class":185},[84,11017,303],{"class":189},[84,11019,186],{"class":185},[84,11021,106],{"class":98},[84,11023,6341],{"class":102},[84,11025,10073],{"class":98},[84,11027,10076],{"class":98},[84,11029,186],{"class":185},[84,11031,303],{"class":189},[84,11033,186],{"class":185},[84,11035,106],{"class":98},[84,11037,11038],{"class":102}," 99",[84,11040,10073],{"class":98},[84,11042,10076],{"class":98},[84,11044,186],{"class":185},[84,11046,5608],{"class":189},[84,11048,186],{"class":185},[84,11050,106],{"class":98},[84,11052,109],{"class":102},[84,11054,10089],{"class":98},[84,11056,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11058,10005],{"class":90},[84,11060,95],{"class":94},[84,11062,10010],{"class":140},[84,11064,137],{"class":98},[84,11066,10102],{"class":146},[84,11068,150],{"class":98},[84,11070,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,11072,156],{"class":133},[84,11074,137],{"class":98},[84,11076,10044],{"class":146},[84,11078,150],{"class":98},[20,11080,11081],{},[53,11082,172],{},[75,11084,11086],{"className":77,"code":11085,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,11087,11088],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11089,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11091,10118],{"class":98},[84,11093,186],{"class":185},[84,11095,303],{"class":189},[84,11097,186],{"class":185},[84,11099,3743],{"class":98},[84,11101,11038],{"class":102},[84,11103,106],{"class":98},[84,11105,196],{"class":185},[84,11107,5608],{"class":189},[84,11109,186],{"class":185},[84,11111,3743],{"class":98},[84,11113,109],{"class":102},[84,11115,10149],{"class":98},[70,11117,11119],{"id":11118},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,11121,11122],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[75,11124,11125],{"className":77,"code":10392,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11126,11127,11157],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11130,10005],{"class":90},[84,11132,95],{"class":94},[84,11134,10010],{"class":140},[84,11136,137],{"class":98},[84,11138,8508],{"class":10015},[84,11140,95],{"class":94},[84,11142,186],{"class":185},[84,11144,5851],{"class":189},[84,11146,186],{"class":185},[84,11148,106],{"class":98},[84,11150,10028],{"class":10015},[84,11152,95],{"class":94},[84,11154,10033],{"class":102},[84,11156,150],{"class":98},[84,11158,11159,11161,11163,11165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11160,156],{"class":133},[84,11162,137],{"class":98},[84,11164,10044],{"class":146},[84,11166,150],{"class":98},[20,11168,11169],{},[53,11170,172],{},[75,11172,11173],{"className":77,"code":10441,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11174,11175],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11176,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11178,10118],{"class":98},[84,11180,186],{"class":185},[84,11182,8508],{"class":189},[84,11184,186],{"class":185},[84,11186,3743],{"class":98},[84,11188,196],{"class":185},[84,11190,5851],{"class":189},[84,11192,186],{"class":185},[84,11194,106],{"class":98},[84,11196,196],{"class":185},[84,11198,10139],{"class":189},[84,11200,186],{"class":185},[84,11202,3743],{"class":98},[84,11204,10146],{"class":102},[84,11206,10149],{"class":98},[20,11208,11209],{},"In this form:",[30,11211,11212,11220],{},[33,11213,11214,11216,11217],{},[15,11215,8508],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11218,11219],{},"'name'",[33,11221,11222,11216,11224],{},[15,11223,10139],{},[15,11225,11226],{},"'age'",[20,11228,11229],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11231,11232],{},"Valid examples:",[75,11234,11236],{"className":77,"code":11235,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11237,11238,11276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11239,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11251,11253,11255,11258,11260,11262,11265,11267,11269,11272,11274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11241,10005],{"class":90},[84,11243,95],{"class":94},[84,11245,10010],{"class":140},[84,11247,137],{"class":98},[84,11249,11250],{"class":10015},"city",[84,11252,95],{"class":94},[84,11254,186],{"class":185},[84,11256,11257],{"class":189},"Paris",[84,11259,186],{"class":185},[84,11261,106],{"class":98},[84,11263,11264],{"class":10015}," country",[84,11266,95],{"class":94},[84,11268,186],{"class":185},[84,11270,11271],{"class":189},"France",[84,11273,186],{"class":185},[84,11275,150],{"class":98},[84,11277,11278,11280,11282,11284],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11279,156],{"class":133},[84,11281,137],{"class":98},[84,11283,10044],{"class":146},[84,11285,150],{"class":98},[20,11287,11288],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,11290,11291,11294,11297],{},[33,11292,11293],{},"spaces",[33,11295,11296],{},"hyphens",[33,11298,11299],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11301,11302,11303,11306],{},"For example, this is ",[53,11304,11305],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[75,11308,11310],{"className":77,"code":11309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11311,11312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11313,11314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11315,11309],{"class":4517},[20,11317,11318],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[75,11320,11322],{"className":77,"code":11321,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11323,11324,11367],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11325,11326,11328,11330,11333,11335,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11327,10005],{"class":90},[84,11329,95],{"class":94},[84,11331,11332],{"class":98}," {",[84,11334,186],{"class":185},[84,11336,11337],{"class":189},"first-name",[84,11339,186],{"class":185},[84,11341,3743],{"class":98},[84,11343,196],{"class":185},[84,11345,8517],{"class":189},[84,11347,186],{"class":185},[84,11349,106],{"class":98},[84,11351,196],{"class":185},[84,11353,11354],{"class":189},"first name",[84,11356,186],{"class":185},[84,11358,3743],{"class":98},[84,11360,196],{"class":185},[84,11362,8517],{"class":189},[84,11364,186],{"class":185},[84,11366,10149],{"class":98},[84,11368,11369,11371,11373,11375],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11370,156],{"class":133},[84,11372,137],{"class":98},[84,11374,10044],{"class":146},[84,11376,150],{"class":98},[20,11378,11379],{},[53,11380,172],{},[75,11382,11384],{"className":77,"code":11383,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11385,11386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11387,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11389,10118],{"class":98},[84,11391,186],{"class":185},[84,11393,11337],{"class":189},[84,11395,186],{"class":185},[84,11397,3743],{"class":98},[84,11399,196],{"class":185},[84,11401,8517],{"class":189},[84,11403,186],{"class":185},[84,11405,106],{"class":98},[84,11407,196],{"class":185},[84,11409,11354],{"class":189},[84,11411,186],{"class":185},[84,11413,3743],{"class":98},[84,11415,196],{"class":185},[84,11417,8517],{"class":189},[84,11419,186],{"class":185},[84,11421,10149],{"class":98},[70,11423,11425,11427,11428],{"id":11424},"dict-vs",[15,11426,9959],{}," vs ",[15,11429,4644],{},[20,11431,11432,11433,5241,11435,11437],{},"Both ",[15,11434,9959],{},[15,11436,4644],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[995,11439,224,11441,11443],{"id":11440},"use-when",[15,11442,4644],{}," when:",[30,11445,11446,11449],{},[33,11447,11448],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,11450,11451],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[75,11453,11454],{"className":77,"code":10668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11455,11456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11457,11458,11460,11462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11459,10005],{"class":90},[84,11461,95],{"class":94},[84,11463,10679],{"class":98},[995,11465,224,11467,11443],{"id":11466},"use-dict-when",[15,11468,9959],{},[30,11470,11471,11474,11477],{},[33,11472,11473],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,11475,11476],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,11478,11479],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[75,11481,11483],{"className":77,"code":11482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11484,11485,11522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11486,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11488,10005],{"class":90},[84,11490,95],{"class":94},[84,11492,10010],{"class":140},[84,11494,10498],{"class":98},[84,11496,186],{"class":185},[84,11498,303],{"class":189},[84,11500,186],{"class":185},[84,11502,106],{"class":98},[84,11504,6341],{"class":102},[84,11506,10073],{"class":98},[84,11508,10076],{"class":98},[84,11510,186],{"class":185},[84,11512,5608],{"class":189},[84,11514,186],{"class":185},[84,11516,106],{"class":98},[84,11518,109],{"class":102},[84,11520,11521],{"class":98},")])\n",[84,11523,11524,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11525,11526],{"class":90},"info ",[84,11528,95],{"class":94},[84,11530,10010],{"class":140},[84,11532,137],{"class":98},[84,11534,8508],{"class":10015},[84,11536,95],{"class":94},[84,11538,186],{"class":185},[84,11540,5851],{"class":189},[84,11542,186],{"class":185},[84,11544,106],{"class":98},[84,11546,10028],{"class":10015},[84,11548,95],{"class":94},[84,11550,10033],{"class":102},[84,11552,150],{"class":98},[20,11554,11555],{},"So:",[30,11557,11558,11563],{},[33,11559,11560,11562],{},[15,11561,4644],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,11564,11565,11567],{},[15,11566,9959],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11569,11570,11571,11575,11576,307],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[303,11572,11574],{"href":11573},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[303,11577,11579,11580,11583],{"href":11578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11581,11582],{},"get()"," method",[70,11585,11587],{"id":11586},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11589,11590,11591,307],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11592,9959],{},[995,11594,11596],{"id":11595},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11598,5372],{},[75,11600,11602],{"className":77,"code":11601,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11603,11604,11628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11605,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11607,8620],{"class":90},[84,11609,95],{"class":94},[84,11611,99],{"class":98},[84,11613,186],{"class":185},[84,11615,303],{"class":189},[84,11617,186],{"class":185},[84,11619,106],{"class":98},[84,11621,196],{"class":185},[84,11623,5608],{"class":189},[84,11625,186],{"class":185},[84,11627,122],{"class":98},[84,11629,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11631,10005],{"class":90},[84,11633,95],{"class":94},[84,11635,10010],{"class":140},[84,11637,137],{"class":98},[84,11639,8649],{"class":146},[84,11641,150],{"class":98},[20,11643,11644,11645,307],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11646,11647],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11649,11650],{},"Correct version:",[75,11652,11654],{"className":77,"code":11653,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11655,11656,11690,11704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11657,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11659,8620],{"class":90},[84,11661,95],{"class":94},[84,11663,10060],{"class":98},[84,11665,186],{"class":185},[84,11667,303],{"class":189},[84,11669,186],{"class":185},[84,11671,106],{"class":98},[84,11673,6341],{"class":102},[84,11675,10073],{"class":98},[84,11677,10076],{"class":98},[84,11679,186],{"class":185},[84,11681,5608],{"class":189},[84,11683,186],{"class":185},[84,11685,106],{"class":98},[84,11687,109],{"class":102},[84,11689,10089],{"class":98},[84,11691,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11693,10005],{"class":90},[84,11695,95],{"class":94},[84,11697,10010],{"class":140},[84,11699,137],{"class":98},[84,11701,8649],{"class":146},[84,11703,150],{"class":98},[84,11705,11706,11708,11710,11712],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,11707,156],{"class":133},[84,11709,137],{"class":98},[84,11711,10044],{"class":146},[84,11713,150],{"class":98},[995,11715,11717],{"id":11716},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11719,11720],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[75,11722,11724],{"className":77,"code":11723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11725,11726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11727,11728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11729,11723],{"class":4517},[20,11731,11732,11733,3743],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11734,95],{},[75,11736,11738],{"className":77,"code":11737,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11739,11740,11762],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11741,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11743,10005],{"class":90},[84,11745,95],{"class":94},[84,11747,10010],{"class":140},[84,11749,137],{"class":98},[84,11751,8508],{"class":10015},[84,11753,95],{"class":94},[84,11755,186],{"class":185},[84,11757,5851],{"class":189},[84,11759,186],{"class":185},[84,11761,150],{"class":98},[84,11763,11764,11766,11768,11770],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11765,156],{"class":133},[84,11767,137],{"class":98},[84,11769,10044],{"class":146},[84,11771,150],{"class":98},[995,11773,11775],{"id":11774},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11777,11778],{},"This will not work:",[75,11780,11781],{"className":77,"code":11309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,11782,11783],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11784,11785],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11786,11309],{"class":4517},[20,11788,11789],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[75,11791,11793],{"className":77,"code":11792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11794,11795,11819],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11796,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11798,10005],{"class":90},[84,11800,95],{"class":94},[84,11802,11332],{"class":98},[84,11804,186],{"class":185},[84,11806,11337],{"class":189},[84,11808,186],{"class":185},[84,11810,3743],{"class":98},[84,11812,196],{"class":185},[84,11814,8517],{"class":189},[84,11816,186],{"class":185},[84,11818,10149],{"class":98},[84,11820,11821,11823,11825,11827],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11822,156],{"class":133},[84,11824,137],{"class":98},[84,11826,10044],{"class":146},[84,11828,150],{"class":98},[995,11830,11832],{"id":11831},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11834,11835],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[75,11837,11839],{"className":77,"code":11838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11840,11841,11877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11842,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11844,10005],{"class":90},[84,11846,95],{"class":94},[84,11848,10010],{"class":140},[84,11850,10498],{"class":98},[84,11852,186],{"class":185},[84,11854,625],{"class":189},[84,11856,186],{"class":185},[84,11858,106],{"class":98},[84,11860,6341],{"class":102},[84,11862,10073],{"class":98},[84,11864,10076],{"class":98},[84,11866,186],{"class":185},[84,11868,625],{"class":189},[84,11870,186],{"class":185},[84,11872,106],{"class":98},[84,11874,109],{"class":102},[84,11876,11521],{"class":98},[84,11878,11879,11881,11883,11885],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11880,156],{"class":133},[84,11882,137],{"class":98},[84,11884,10044],{"class":146},[84,11886,150],{"class":98},[20,11888,11889],{},[53,11890,172],{},[75,11892,11894],{"className":77,"code":11893,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11895,11896],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11897,11898,11900,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11899,10118],{"class":98},[84,11901,186],{"class":185},[84,11903,625],{"class":189},[84,11905,186],{"class":185},[84,11907,3743],{"class":98},[84,11909,109],{"class":102},[84,11911,10149],{"class":98},[20,11913,11914,11915,307],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[303,11916,11918],{"href":11917},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[70,11920,3686],{"id":3685},[20,11922,11923,11924,11926],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11925,9959],{}," include:",[30,11928,11929,11939,11945,11948],{},[33,11930,11931,11932,11935,11936],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11933,11934],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11937,11938],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11940,11941,11942],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11943,11944],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11946,11947],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11949,11950,11951,11953],{},"confusing ",[15,11952,9959],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11955,11956],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[75,11958,11960],{"className":77,"code":11959,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11961,11962,11976,11986,11997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,11963,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,11965,156],{"class":133},[84,11967,137],{"class":98},[84,11969,2624],{"class":140},[84,11971,137],{"class":98},[84,11973,10044],{"class":146},[84,11975,169],{"class":98},[84,11977,11978,11980,11982,11984],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,11979,156],{"class":133},[84,11981,137],{"class":98},[84,11983,10044],{"class":146},[84,11985,150],{"class":98},[84,11987,11988,11990,11992,11995],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,11989,156],{"class":133},[84,11991,137],{"class":98},[84,11993,11994],{"class":146},"list_of_pairs",[84,11996,150],{"class":98},[84,11998,11999,12001,12003,12006,12008,12010],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12000,156],{"class":133},[84,12002,137],{"class":98},[84,12004,12005],{"class":133},"len",[84,12007,137],{"class":98},[84,12009,11994],{"class":146},[84,12011,169],{"class":98},[20,12013,12014],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,12016,12017,12020,12023],{},[33,12018,12019],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,12021,12022],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,12024,12025],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[70,12027,2694],{"id":2693},[995,12029,6024,12031,5241,12033,3348],{"id":12030},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,12032,9959],{},[15,12034,4644],{},[20,12036,12037,12039,12040,12042],{},[15,12038,4644],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,12041,9959],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[995,12044,2734,12046,12048],{"id":12045},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,12047,9959],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,12050,12051,12052,307],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,12053,11938],{},[995,12055,6003,12057,12060],{"id":12056},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,12058,12059],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,12062,12063],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[995,12065,12067,12068,12070],{"id":12066},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,12069,9959],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,12072,12073,12074,12077],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,12075,12076],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[70,12079,2751],{"id":2750},[30,12081,12082,12087,12091,12096,12102],{},[33,12083,12084],{},[303,12085,12086],{"href":10231},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,12088,12089],{},[303,12090,9995],{"href":9994},[33,12092,12093],{},[303,12094,12095],{"href":11573},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,12097,12098],{},[303,12099,11579,12100,11583],{"href":11578},[15,12101,11582],{},[33,12103,12104],{},[303,12105,12106],{"href":11917},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2785,12108,12109],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":12111},[12112,12114,12120,12121,12122,12123,12130,12136,12137,12147],{"id":10185,"depth":125,"text":12113},"What dict() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":12115},[12116,12117,12118,12119],{"id":10242,"depth":153,"text":10243},{"id":10284,"depth":153,"text":10285},{"id":10388,"depth":153,"text":10389},{"id":10478,"depth":153,"text":10479},{"id":10591,"depth":125,"text":10243},{"id":10695,"depth":125,"text":10696},{"id":11118,"depth":125,"text":11119},{"id":11424,"depth":125,"text":12124,"children":12125},"dict() vs {}",[12126,12128],{"id":11440,"depth":153,"text":12127},"Use {} when:",{"id":11466,"depth":153,"text":12129},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11586,"depth":125,"text":11587,"children":12131},[12132,12133,12134,12135],{"id":11595,"depth":153,"text":11596},{"id":11716,"depth":153,"text":11717},{"id":11774,"depth":153,"text":11775},{"id":11831,"depth":153,"text":11832},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":12138},[12139,12141,12143,12145],{"id":12030,"depth":153,"text":12140},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":12045,"depth":153,"text":12142},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":12056,"depth":153,"text":12144},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":12066,"depth":153,"text":12146},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9951,"description":12148},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":12155,"title":12156,"body":12157,"description":13664,"extension":2830,"meta":13665,"navigation":472,"path":13666,"seo":13667,"stem":13668,"__hash__":13669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":12158,"toc":13633},[12159,12167,12173,12180,12182,12243,12248,12253,12258,12276,12279,12283,12285,12301,12304,12317,12319,12322,12456,12458,12525,12527,12543,12549,12555,12558,12640,12642,12656,12660,12666,12731,12733,12741,12744,12767,12773,12836,12842,12845,12859,12872,12876,12887,12892,12903,12910,12914,12920,13042,13044,13070,13073,13090,13093,13204,13206,13255,13257,13270,13279,13284,13289,13300,13302,13405,13428,13430,13434,13453,13456,13514,13516,13542,13544,13550,13553,13559,13563,13570,13578,13584,13587,13589,13630],[10,12160,12162,12163,12166],{"id":12161},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,12164,12165],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,12168,12169,12172],{},[15,12170,12171],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,12174,12175,12176,12179],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[53,12177,12178],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[70,12181,73],{"id":72},[75,12183,12185],{"className":77,"code":12184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,12186,12187,12219,12230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12188,12189,12191,12193,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12190,10005],{"class":90},[84,12192,95],{"class":94},[84,12194,11332],{"class":98},[84,12196,3711],{"class":185},[84,12198,303],{"class":189},[84,12200,3711],{"class":185},[84,12202,3743],{"class":98},[84,12204,6341],{"class":102},[84,12206,106],{"class":98},[84,12208,4211],{"class":185},[84,12210,5608],{"class":189},[84,12212,3711],{"class":185},[84,12214,3743],{"class":98},[84,12216,109],{"class":102},[84,12218,10149],{"class":98},[84,12220,12221,12223,12225,12228],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12222,10044],{"class":90},[84,12224,307],{"class":98},[84,12226,12227],{"class":146},"clear",[84,12229,9482],{"class":98},[84,12231,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12233,156],{"class":133},[84,12235,137],{"class":98},[84,12237,10044],{"class":146},[84,12239,1970],{"class":98},[84,12241,12242],{"class":4517},"  # {}\n",[20,12244,12245,12247],{},[15,12246,12165],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[70,12249,235,12251,238],{"id":12250},"what-clear-does",[15,12252,12165],{},[20,12254,2847,12255,12257],{},[15,12256,12165],{}," method:",[30,12259,12260,12263,12266,12271],{},[33,12261,12262],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,12264,12265],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,12267,12268,12269],{},"Returns ",[15,12270,4630],{},[33,12272,12273,12274],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12275,4644],{},[20,12277,12278],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12280,9991,12281,307],{},[303,12282,9995],{"href":9994},[70,12284,311],{"id":310},[75,12286,12288],{"className":77,"code":12287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12289,12290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12291,12292,12295,12297,12299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12293,12294],{"class":90},"my_dict",[84,12296,307],{"class":98},[84,12298,12227],{"class":146},[84,12300,9482],{"class":98},[20,12302,12303],{},"Important points:",[30,12305,12306,12311,12314],{},[33,12307,12308,12310],{},[15,12309,12165],{}," takes no arguments",[33,12312,12313],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,12315,12316],{},"It empties that dictionary",[70,12318,418],{"id":417},[20,12320,12321],{},"Here is a basic example:",[75,12323,12325],{"className":77,"code":12324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12326,12327,12337,12358,12372,12389,12393,12397,12417,12421,12432,12436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12328,12329,12332,12334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12330,12331],{"class":90},"user ",[84,12333,95],{"class":94},[84,12335,12336],{"class":98}," {\n",[84,12338,12339,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12353,12355],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12340,12341],{"class":185},"    \"",[84,12343,8508],{"class":189},[84,12345,3711],{"class":185},[84,12347,3743],{"class":98},[84,12349,4211],{"class":185},[84,12351,12352],{"class":189},"Maya",[84,12354,3711],{"class":185},[84,12356,12357],{"class":98},",\n",[84,12359,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12361,12341],{"class":185},[84,12363,10139],{"class":189},[84,12365,3711],{"class":185},[84,12367,3743],{"class":98},[84,12369,10146],{"class":102},[84,12371,12357],{"class":98},[84,12373,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12387],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12375,12341],{"class":185},[84,12377,11250],{"class":189},[84,12379,3711],{"class":185},[84,12381,3743],{"class":98},[84,12383,4211],{"class":185},[84,12385,12386],{"class":189},"Berlin",[84,12388,4217],{"class":185},[84,12390,12391],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,12392,10149],{"class":98},[84,12394,12395],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,12396,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12398,12399,12401,12403,12405,12408,12410,12412,12415],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,12400,156],{"class":133},[84,12402,137],{"class":98},[84,12404,3711],{"class":185},[84,12406,12407],{"class":189},"Before:",[84,12409,3711],{"class":185},[84,12411,106],{"class":98},[84,12413,12414],{"class":146}," user",[84,12416,150],{"class":98},[84,12418,12419],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,12420,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12422,12423,12426,12428,12430],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,12424,12425],{"class":90},"user",[84,12427,307],{"class":98},[84,12429,12227],{"class":146},[84,12431,9482],{"class":98},[84,12433,12434],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,12435,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12448,12450,12452,12454],{"class":86,"line":12438},11,[84,12440,156],{"class":133},[84,12442,137],{"class":98},[84,12444,3711],{"class":185},[84,12446,12447],{"class":189},"After:",[84,12449,3711],{"class":185},[84,12451,106],{"class":98},[84,12453,12414],{"class":146},[84,12455,150],{"class":98},[20,12457,6403],{},[75,12459,12461],{"className":77,"code":12460,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12462,12463,12516],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12464,12465,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12466,12467],{"class":90},"Before",[84,12469,3743],{"class":98},[84,12471,11332],{"class":98},[84,12473,186],{"class":185},[84,12475,8508],{"class":189},[84,12477,186],{"class":185},[84,12479,3743],{"class":98},[84,12481,196],{"class":185},[84,12483,12352],{"class":189},[84,12485,186],{"class":185},[84,12487,106],{"class":98},[84,12489,196],{"class":185},[84,12491,10139],{"class":189},[84,12493,186],{"class":185},[84,12495,3743],{"class":98},[84,12497,10146],{"class":102},[84,12499,106],{"class":98},[84,12501,196],{"class":185},[84,12503,11250],{"class":189},[84,12505,186],{"class":185},[84,12507,3743],{"class":98},[84,12509,196],{"class":185},[84,12511,12386],{"class":189},[84,12513,186],{"class":185},[84,12515,10149],{"class":98},[84,12517,12518,12521,12523],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12519,12520],{"class":90},"After",[84,12522,3743],{"class":98},[84,12524,10679],{"class":98},[20,12526,528],{},[30,12528,12529,12534,12540],{},[33,12530,12531,12533],{},[15,12532,12425],{}," starts with three items",[33,12535,12536,12539],{},[15,12537,12538],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,12541,12542],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[70,12544,235,12546,12548],{"id":12545},"what-clear-returns",[15,12547,12165],{}," returns",[20,12550,12551,3254,12553,307],{},[15,12552,12165],{},[15,12554,4630],{},[20,12556,12557],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[75,12559,12561],{"className":77,"code":12560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12562,12563,12597,12601,12616,12620,12630],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12564,12565,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12589,12591,12593,12595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12566,12567],{"class":90},"my_dict ",[84,12569,95],{"class":94},[84,12571,11332],{"class":98},[84,12573,3711],{"class":185},[84,12575,625],{"class":189},[84,12577,3711],{"class":185},[84,12579,3743],{"class":98},[84,12581,6341],{"class":102},[84,12583,106],{"class":98},[84,12585,4211],{"class":185},[84,12587,12588],{"class":189},"y",[84,12590,3711],{"class":185},[84,12592,3743],{"class":98},[84,12594,109],{"class":102},[84,12596,10149],{"class":98},[84,12598,12599],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12600,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12602,12603,12605,12607,12610,12612,12614],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12604,128],{"class":90},[84,12606,95],{"class":94},[84,12608,12609],{"class":90}," my_dict",[84,12611,307],{"class":98},[84,12613,12227],{"class":146},[84,12615,9482],{"class":98},[84,12617,12618],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12619,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12621,12622,12624,12626,12628],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,12623,156],{"class":133},[84,12625,137],{"class":98},[84,12627,166],{"class":146},[84,12629,150],{"class":98},[84,12631,12632,12634,12636,12638],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,12633,156],{"class":133},[84,12635,137],{"class":98},[84,12637,12294],{"class":146},[84,12639,150],{"class":98},[20,12641,172],{},[75,12643,12645],{"className":77,"code":12644,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n{}\n",[15,12646,12647,12652],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12648,12649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12650,12651],{"class":4704},"None\n",[84,12653,12654],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12655,10275],{"class":98},[995,12657,12659],{"id":12658},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12661,12662,12663,12665],{},"Do ",[53,12664,55],{}," do this:",[75,12667,12669],{"className":77,"code":12668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12670,12671,12703,12717,12721],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12672,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687,12689,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12674,12567],{"class":90},[84,12676,95],{"class":94},[84,12678,11332],{"class":98},[84,12680,3711],{"class":185},[84,12682,625],{"class":189},[84,12684,3711],{"class":185},[84,12686,3743],{"class":98},[84,12688,6341],{"class":102},[84,12690,106],{"class":98},[84,12692,4211],{"class":185},[84,12694,12588],{"class":189},[84,12696,3711],{"class":185},[84,12698,3743],{"class":98},[84,12700,109],{"class":102},[84,12702,10149],{"class":98},[84,12704,12705,12707,12709,12711,12713,12715],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12706,12567],{"class":90},[84,12708,95],{"class":94},[84,12710,12609],{"class":90},[84,12712,307],{"class":98},[84,12714,12227],{"class":146},[84,12716,9482],{"class":98},[84,12718,12719],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12720,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12722,12723,12725,12727,12729],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12724,156],{"class":133},[84,12726,137],{"class":98},[84,12728,12294],{"class":146},[84,12730,150],{"class":98},[20,12732,172],{},[75,12734,12735],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,12736,12737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12738,12739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12740,12651],{"class":4704},[20,12742,12743],{},"Why this happens:",[30,12745,12746,12752,12757],{},[33,12747,12748,12751],{},[15,12749,12750],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,12753,12754,12755],{},"The method returns ",[15,12756,4630],{},[33,12758,12759,12760,12763,12764,12766],{},"Then ",[15,12761,12762],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12765,4630],{}," in the variable",[20,12768,12769,12770,12772],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12771,12165],{}," by itself:",[75,12774,12776],{"className":77,"code":12775,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12777,12778,12810,12820,12824],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12779,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12781,12567],{"class":90},[84,12783,95],{"class":94},[84,12785,11332],{"class":98},[84,12787,3711],{"class":185},[84,12789,625],{"class":189},[84,12791,3711],{"class":185},[84,12793,3743],{"class":98},[84,12795,6341],{"class":102},[84,12797,106],{"class":98},[84,12799,4211],{"class":185},[84,12801,12588],{"class":189},[84,12803,3711],{"class":185},[84,12805,3743],{"class":98},[84,12807,109],{"class":102},[84,12809,10149],{"class":98},[84,12811,12812,12814,12816,12818],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12813,12294],{"class":90},[84,12815,307],{"class":98},[84,12817,12227],{"class":146},[84,12819,9482],{"class":98},[84,12821,12822],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12823,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12825,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12827,156],{"class":133},[84,12829,137],{"class":98},[84,12831,12294],{"class":146},[84,12833,1970],{"class":98},[84,12835,12242],{"class":4517},[70,12837,12839,12841],{"id":12838},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12840,12165],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12843,12844],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[75,12846,12847],{"className":77,"code":12287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,12848,12849],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12850,12851,12853,12855,12857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12852,12294],{"class":90},[84,12854,307],{"class":98},[84,12856,12227],{"class":146},[84,12858,9482],{"class":98},[75,12860,12862],{"className":77,"code":12861,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12863,12864],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12865,12866,12868,12870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12867,12567],{"class":90},[84,12869,95],{"class":94},[84,12871,10679],{"class":98},[995,12873,12874],{"id":12227},[15,12875,12165],{},[30,12877,12878,12881,12884],{},[33,12879,12880],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,12882,12883],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,12885,12886],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[995,12888,12889],{"id":12294},[15,12890,12891],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,12893,12894,12897,12900],{},[33,12895,12896],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,12898,12899],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,12901,12902],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12904,12905,12906,307],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[303,12907,12909],{"href":12908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[70,12911,12913],{"id":12912},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12915,12916,12917,12919],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12918,12165],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[75,12921,12923],{"className":77,"code":12922,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12924,12925,12958,12968,12972,12983,12987,13007,13027],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,12926,12927,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,12928,12929],{"class":90},"original ",[84,12931,95],{"class":94},[84,12933,11332],{"class":98},[84,12935,3711],{"class":185},[84,12937,303],{"class":189},[84,12939,3711],{"class":185},[84,12941,3743],{"class":98},[84,12943,6341],{"class":102},[84,12945,106],{"class":98},[84,12947,4211],{"class":185},[84,12949,5608],{"class":189},[84,12951,3711],{"class":185},[84,12953,3743],{"class":98},[84,12955,109],{"class":102},[84,12957,10149],{"class":98},[84,12959,12960,12963,12965],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,12961,12962],{"class":90},"other_ref ",[84,12964,95],{"class":94},[84,12966,12967],{"class":90}," original\n",[84,12969,12970],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,12971,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12973,12974,12977,12979,12981],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,12975,12976],{"class":90},"original",[84,12978,307],{"class":98},[84,12980,12227],{"class":146},[84,12982,9482],{"class":98},[84,12984,12985],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,12986,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,12988,12989,12991,12993,12995,12998,13000,13002,13005],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,12990,156],{"class":133},[84,12992,137],{"class":98},[84,12994,3711],{"class":185},[84,12996,12997],{"class":189},"original:",[84,12999,3711],{"class":185},[84,13001,106],{"class":98},[84,13003,13004],{"class":146}," original",[84,13006,150],{"class":98},[84,13008,13009,13011,13013,13015,13018,13020,13022,13025],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,13010,156],{"class":133},[84,13012,137],{"class":98},[84,13014,3711],{"class":185},[84,13016,13017],{"class":189},"other_ref:",[84,13019,3711],{"class":185},[84,13021,106],{"class":98},[84,13023,13024],{"class":146}," other_ref",[84,13026,150],{"class":98},[84,13028,13029,13031,13033,13035,13038,13040],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,13030,156],{"class":133},[84,13032,137],{"class":98},[84,13034,12929],{"class":146},[84,13036,13037],{"class":633},"is",[84,13039,13024],{"class":146},[84,13041,150],{"class":98},[20,13043,172],{},[75,13045,13047],{"className":77,"code":13046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,13048,13049,13057,13066],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13050,13051,13053,13055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13052,12976],{"class":90},[84,13054,3743],{"class":98},[84,13056,10679],{"class":98},[84,13058,13059,13062,13064],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13060,13061],{"class":90},"other_ref",[84,13063,3743],{"class":98},[84,13065,10679],{"class":98},[84,13067,13068],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13069,4828],{"class":4704},[20,13071,13072],{},"This shows:",[30,13074,13075,13082,13087],{},[33,13076,13077,5241,13079,13081],{},[15,13078,12976],{},[15,13080,13061],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,13083,13084,13086],{},[15,13085,12165],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,13088,13089],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,13091,13092],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[75,13094,13096],{"className":77,"code":13095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,13097,13098,13130,13138,13142,13150,13154,13172,13190],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13099,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13101,12929],{"class":90},[84,13103,95],{"class":94},[84,13105,11332],{"class":98},[84,13107,3711],{"class":185},[84,13109,303],{"class":189},[84,13111,3711],{"class":185},[84,13113,3743],{"class":98},[84,13115,6341],{"class":102},[84,13117,106],{"class":98},[84,13119,4211],{"class":185},[84,13121,5608],{"class":189},[84,13123,3711],{"class":185},[84,13125,3743],{"class":98},[84,13127,109],{"class":102},[84,13129,10149],{"class":98},[84,13131,13132,13134,13136],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13133,12962],{"class":90},[84,13135,95],{"class":94},[84,13137,12967],{"class":90},[84,13139,13140],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13141,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13143,13144,13146,13148],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,13145,12929],{"class":90},[84,13147,95],{"class":94},[84,13149,10679],{"class":98},[84,13151,13152],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,13153,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13155,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,13157,156],{"class":133},[84,13159,137],{"class":98},[84,13161,3711],{"class":185},[84,13163,12997],{"class":189},[84,13165,3711],{"class":185},[84,13167,106],{"class":98},[84,13169,13004],{"class":146},[84,13171,150],{"class":98},[84,13173,13174,13176,13178,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,13175,156],{"class":133},[84,13177,137],{"class":98},[84,13179,3711],{"class":185},[84,13181,13017],{"class":189},[84,13183,3711],{"class":185},[84,13185,106],{"class":98},[84,13187,13024],{"class":146},[84,13189,150],{"class":98},[84,13191,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,13193,156],{"class":133},[84,13195,137],{"class":98},[84,13197,12929],{"class":146},[84,13199,13037],{"class":633},[84,13201,13024],{"class":146},[84,13203,150],{"class":98},[20,13205,172],{},[75,13207,13209],{"className":77,"code":13208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13210,13211,13219,13251],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13212,13213,13215,13217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13214,12976],{"class":90},[84,13216,3743],{"class":98},[84,13218,10679],{"class":98},[84,13220,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13222,13061],{"class":90},[84,13224,3743],{"class":98},[84,13226,11332],{"class":98},[84,13228,186],{"class":185},[84,13230,303],{"class":189},[84,13232,186],{"class":185},[84,13234,3743],{"class":98},[84,13236,6341],{"class":102},[84,13238,106],{"class":98},[84,13240,196],{"class":185},[84,13242,5608],{"class":189},[84,13244,186],{"class":185},[84,13246,3743],{"class":98},[84,13248,109],{"class":102},[84,13250,10149],{"class":98},[84,13252,13253],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13254,4889],{"class":4704},[20,13256,974],{},[30,13258,13259,13265],{},[33,13260,13261,13264],{},[15,13262,13263],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,13266,13267,13269],{},[15,13268,13061],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13271,13272,13273,307],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[303,13274,13276],{"href":13275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13277,13278],{},"dict.copy()",[70,13280,1741,13282],{"id":13281},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13283,12165],{},[20,13285,13286,13288],{},[15,13287,12165],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,13290,13291,13294,13297],{},[33,13292,13293],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,13295,13296],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,13298,13299],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13301,814],{},[75,13303,13305],{"className":77,"code":13304,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13306,13307,13316,13332,13352,13365,13369,13373,13378,13389,13393],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13308,13309,13312,13314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13310,13311],{"class":90},"session_data ",[84,13313,95],{"class":94},[84,13315,12336],{"class":98},[84,13317,13318,13320,13323,13325,13327,13330],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13319,12341],{"class":185},[84,13321,13322],{"class":189},"user_id",[84,13324,3711],{"class":185},[84,13326,3743],{"class":98},[84,13328,13329],{"class":102}," 101",[84,13331,12357],{"class":98},[84,13333,13334,13336,13339,13341,13343,13345,13348,13350],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13335,12341],{"class":185},[84,13337,13338],{"class":189},"theme",[84,13340,3711],{"class":185},[84,13342,3743],{"class":98},[84,13344,4211],{"class":185},[84,13346,13347],{"class":189},"dark",[84,13349,3711],{"class":185},[84,13351,12357],{"class":98},[84,13353,13354,13356,13359,13361,13363],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,13355,12341],{"class":185},[84,13357,13358],{"class":189},"logged_in",[84,13360,3711],{"class":185},[84,13362,3743],{"class":98},[84,13364,7263],{"class":4704},[84,13366,13367],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,13368,10149],{"class":98},[84,13370,13371],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,13372,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13374,13375],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,13376,13377],{"class":4517},"# Reset for a new session\n",[84,13379,13380,13383,13385,13387],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,13381,13382],{"class":90},"session_data",[84,13384,307],{"class":98},[84,13386,12227],{"class":146},[84,13388,9482],{"class":98},[84,13390,13391],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,13392,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13394,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,13396,156],{"class":133},[84,13398,137],{"class":98},[84,13400,13382],{"class":146},[84,13402,1970],{"class":98},[84,13404,12242],{"class":4517},[20,13406,13407,13408,13414,13415,307,13419,13421,13422,307],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[303,13409,13411],{"href":13410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13412,13413],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[303,13416,13418],{"href":13417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10687,13420],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[303,13423,13425],{"href":13424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13426,13427],{},"dict.popitem()",[70,13429,3686],{"id":3685},[20,13431,11590,13432,3743],{},[15,13433,12165],{},[30,13435,13436,13442,13447,13450],{},[33,13437,13438,13439,13441],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13440,12165],{}," to a variable",[33,13443,9291,13444,13446],{},[15,13445,12165],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,13448,13449],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,13451,13452],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13454,13455],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[75,13457,13459],{"className":77,"code":13458,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13460,13461,13471,13485,13500],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13462,13463,13465,13467,13469],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13464,156],{"class":133},[84,13466,137],{"class":98},[84,13468,12294],{"class":146},[84,13470,150],{"class":98},[84,13472,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13474,156],{"class":133},[84,13476,137],{"class":98},[84,13478,2624],{"class":140},[84,13480,137],{"class":98},[84,13482,12294],{"class":146},[84,13484,169],{"class":98},[84,13486,13487,13489,13491,13494,13496,13498],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13488,156],{"class":133},[84,13490,137],{"class":98},[84,13492,13493],{"class":133},"id",[84,13495,137],{"class":98},[84,13497,12294],{"class":146},[84,13499,169],{"class":98},[84,13501,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,13503,156],{"class":133},[84,13505,137],{"class":98},[84,13507,12962],{"class":146},[84,13509,13037],{"class":633},[84,13511,12609],{"class":146},[84,13513,150],{"class":98},[20,13515,2655],{},[30,13517,13518,13524,13530,13536],{},[33,13519,13520,13523],{},[15,13521,13522],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,13525,13526,13529],{},[15,13527,13528],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,13531,13532,13535],{},[15,13533,13534],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,13537,13538,13541],{},[15,13539,13540],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[70,13543,2694],{"id":2693},[995,13545,2698,13547,13549],{"id":13546},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13548,12165],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13551,13552],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[995,13554,5987,13556,13558],{"id":13555},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13557,12171],{}," return?",[20,13560,5993,13561,307],{},[15,13562,4630],{},[995,13564,6024,13566,5241,13568,3348],{"id":13565},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13567,12165],{},[15,13569,4644],{},[20,13571,13572,13574,13575,13577],{},[15,13573,12165],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13576,4644],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[995,13579,2698,13581,13583],{"id":13580},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13582,12165],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13585,13586],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[70,13588,2751],{"id":2750},[30,13590,13591,13595,13599,13606,13613,13620,13625],{},[33,13592,13593],{},[303,13594,9995],{"href":9994},[33,13596,13597],{},[303,13598,12086],{"href":10231},[33,13600,13601],{},[303,13602,11579,13603,11583],{"href":13410},[15,13604,13605],{},"pop()",[33,13607,13608],{},[303,13609,11579,13610,11583],{"href":13424},[15,13611,13612],{},"popitem()",[33,13614,13615],{},[303,13616,11579,13617,11583],{"href":13275},[15,13618,13619],{},"copy()",[33,13621,13622],{},[303,13623,13624],{"href":12908},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,13626,13627],{},[303,13628,13629],{"href":13417},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2785,13631,13632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":13634},[13635,13636,13638,13639,13640,13644,13649,13650,13652,13653,13663],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":12250,"depth":125,"text":13637},"What clear() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":12545,"depth":125,"text":13641,"children":13642},"What clear() returns",[13643],{"id":12658,"depth":153,"text":12659},{"id":12838,"depth":125,"text":13645,"children":13646},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13647,13648],{"id":12227,"depth":153,"text":12165},{"id":12294,"depth":153,"text":12891},{"id":12912,"depth":125,"text":12913},{"id":13281,"depth":125,"text":13651},"When to use clear()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":13654},[13655,13657,13659,13661],{"id":13546,"depth":153,"text":13656},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13555,"depth":153,"text":13658},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13565,"depth":153,"text":13660},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13580,"depth":153,"text":13662},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":12156,"description":13664},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13671,"title":13672,"body":13673,"description":15840,"extension":2830,"meta":15841,"navigation":472,"path":15842,"seo":15843,"stem":15844,"__hash__":15845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13674,"toc":15812},[13675,13680,13685,13695,13697,13786,13790,13831,13836,13843,13861,13870,13872,13893,13896,13908,13910,13989,13993,14034,14036,14039,14167,14171,14251,14254,14272,14275,14279,14285,14287,14298,14300,14495,14499,14605,14608,14626,14629,14636,14641,14645,14659,14661,14788,14792,14872,14885,14891,14894,14901,14905,15031,15035,15109,15114,15245,15249,15323,15326,15340,15344,15348,15362,15364,15500,15504,15573,15575,15580,15602,15605,15712,15715,15726,15733,15735,15741,15744,15750,15753,15760,15768,15772,15775,15777,15809],[10,13676,12162,13678,12166],{"id":13677},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13679,13619],{},[20,13681,13682,13684],{},[15,13683,13278],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13686,13687,13688,13690,13691,13694],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13689,13619],{}," makes a ",[53,13692,13693],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[70,13696,73],{"id":72},[75,13698,13700],{"className":77,"code":13699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13701,13702,13740,13757,13761,13772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13703,13704,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13705,13706],{"class":90},"student ",[84,13708,95],{"class":94},[84,13710,11332],{"class":98},[84,13712,3711],{"class":185},[84,13714,8508],{"class":189},[84,13716,3711],{"class":185},[84,13718,3743],{"class":98},[84,13720,4211],{"class":185},[84,13722,13723],{"class":189},"Ana",[84,13725,3711],{"class":185},[84,13727,106],{"class":98},[84,13729,4211],{"class":185},[84,13731,10139],{"class":189},[84,13733,3711],{"class":185},[84,13735,3743],{"class":98},[84,13737,442],{"class":102},[84,13739,10149],{"class":98},[84,13741,13742,13745,13747,13750,13752,13755],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13743,13744],{"class":90},"student_copy ",[84,13746,95],{"class":94},[84,13748,13749],{"class":90}," student",[84,13751,307],{"class":98},[84,13753,13754],{"class":146},"copy",[84,13756,9482],{"class":98},[84,13758,13759],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13760,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13762,13763,13765,13767,13770],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,13764,156],{"class":133},[84,13766,137],{"class":98},[84,13768,13769],{"class":146},"student_copy",[84,13771,150],{"class":98},[84,13773,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,13775,156],{"class":133},[84,13777,137],{"class":98},[84,13779,13744],{"class":146},[84,13781,13037],{"class":633},[84,13783,13749],{"class":146},[84,13785,150],{"class":98},[20,13787,13788],{},[53,13789,172],{},[75,13791,13793],{"className":77,"code":13792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13794,13795,13827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13796,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13798,10118],{"class":98},[84,13800,186],{"class":185},[84,13802,8508],{"class":189},[84,13804,186],{"class":185},[84,13806,3743],{"class":98},[84,13808,196],{"class":185},[84,13810,13723],{"class":189},[84,13812,186],{"class":185},[84,13814,106],{"class":98},[84,13816,196],{"class":185},[84,13818,10139],{"class":189},[84,13820,186],{"class":185},[84,13822,3743],{"class":98},[84,13824,442],{"class":102},[84,13826,10149],{"class":98},[84,13828,13829],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13830,4889],{"class":4704},[20,13832,224,13833,13835],{},[15,13834,13619],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[70,13837,13839,13840,13842],{"id":13838},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13841,13619],{}," method does",[30,13844,13845,13850,13853,13858],{},[33,13846,13847,13849],{},[15,13848,13278],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,13851,13852],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,13854,13855,13856],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13857,13619],{},[33,13859,13860],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13862,13863,13864,3736,13867,307],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[303,13865,9995],{"href":13866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[303,13868,10232],{"href":13869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[70,13871,311],{"id":310},[75,13873,13875],{"className":77,"code":13874,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13876,13877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13878,13879,13882,13884,13887,13889,13891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13880,13881],{"class":90},"new_dict ",[84,13883,95],{"class":94},[84,13885,13886],{"class":90}," old_dict",[84,13888,307],{"class":98},[84,13890,13754],{"class":146},[84,13892,9482],{"class":98},[20,13894,13895],{},"Key points:",[30,13897,13898,13902,13905],{},[33,13899,13900,12310],{},[15,13901,13619],{},[33,13903,13904],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13906,13907],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13909,814],{},[75,13911,13913],{"className":77,"code":13912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13914,13915,13958,13974,13978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13916,13917,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13954,13956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,13918,13919],{"class":90},"colors ",[84,13921,95],{"class":94},[84,13923,11332],{"class":98},[84,13925,3711],{"class":185},[84,13927,303],{"class":189},[84,13929,3711],{"class":185},[84,13931,3743],{"class":98},[84,13933,4211],{"class":185},[84,13935,13936],{"class":189},"red",[84,13938,3711],{"class":185},[84,13940,106],{"class":98},[84,13942,4211],{"class":185},[84,13944,5608],{"class":189},[84,13946,3711],{"class":185},[84,13948,3743],{"class":98},[84,13950,4211],{"class":185},[84,13952,13953],{"class":189},"blue",[84,13955,3711],{"class":185},[84,13957,10149],{"class":98},[84,13959,13960,13963,13965,13968,13970,13972],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,13961,13962],{"class":90},"new_colors ",[84,13964,95],{"class":94},[84,13966,13967],{"class":90}," colors",[84,13969,307],{"class":98},[84,13971,13754],{"class":146},[84,13973,9482],{"class":98},[84,13975,13976],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,13977,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,13979,13980,13982,13984,13987],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,13981,156],{"class":133},[84,13983,137],{"class":98},[84,13985,13986],{"class":146},"new_colors",[84,13988,150],{"class":98},[20,13990,13991],{},[53,13992,172],{},[75,13994,13996],{"className":77,"code":13995,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13997,13998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,13999,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028,14030,14032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14001,10118],{"class":98},[84,14003,186],{"class":185},[84,14005,303],{"class":189},[84,14007,186],{"class":185},[84,14009,3743],{"class":98},[84,14011,196],{"class":185},[84,14013,13936],{"class":189},[84,14015,186],{"class":185},[84,14017,106],{"class":98},[84,14019,196],{"class":185},[84,14021,5608],{"class":189},[84,14023,186],{"class":185},[84,14025,3743],{"class":98},[84,14027,196],{"class":185},[84,14029,13953],{"class":189},[84,14031,186],{"class":185},[84,14033,10149],{"class":98},[70,14035,418],{"id":417},[20,14037,14038],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[75,14040,14042],{"className":77,"code":14041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,14043,14044,14082,14098,14102,14124,14128,14147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14045,14046,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14047,14048],{"class":90},"person ",[84,14050,95],{"class":94},[84,14052,11332],{"class":98},[84,14054,3711],{"class":185},[84,14056,8508],{"class":189},[84,14058,3711],{"class":185},[84,14060,3743],{"class":98},[84,14062,4211],{"class":185},[84,14064,14065],{"class":189},"Liam",[84,14067,3711],{"class":185},[84,14069,106],{"class":98},[84,14071,4211],{"class":185},[84,14073,10139],{"class":189},[84,14075,3711],{"class":185},[84,14077,3743],{"class":98},[84,14079,10146],{"class":102},[84,14081,10149],{"class":98},[84,14083,14084,14087,14089,14092,14094,14096],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14085,14086],{"class":90},"person_copy ",[84,14088,95],{"class":94},[84,14090,14091],{"class":90}," person",[84,14093,307],{"class":98},[84,14095,13754],{"class":146},[84,14097,9482],{"class":98},[84,14099,14100],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,14101,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14103,14104,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14118,14121],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,14105,14106],{"class":90},"person_copy",[84,14108,182],{"class":98},[84,14110,3711],{"class":185},[84,14112,10139],{"class":189},[84,14114,3711],{"class":185},[84,14116,14117],{"class":98},"]",[84,14119,14120],{"class":94}," =",[84,14122,14123],{"class":102}," 26\n",[84,14125,14126],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,14127,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14129,14130,14132,14134,14136,14139,14141,14143,14145],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,14131,156],{"class":133},[84,14133,137],{"class":98},[84,14135,3711],{"class":185},[84,14137,14138],{"class":189},"Original:",[84,14140,3711],{"class":185},[84,14142,106],{"class":98},[84,14144,14091],{"class":146},[84,14146,150],{"class":98},[84,14148,14149,14151,14153,14155,14158,14160,14162,14165],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,14150,156],{"class":133},[84,14152,137],{"class":98},[84,14154,3711],{"class":185},[84,14156,14157],{"class":189},"Copy:",[84,14159,3711],{"class":185},[84,14161,106],{"class":98},[84,14163,14164],{"class":146}," person_copy",[84,14166,150],{"class":98},[20,14168,14169],{},[53,14170,172],{},[75,14172,14174],{"className":77,"code":14173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,14175,14176,14213],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14177,14178,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14179,14180],{"class":90},"Original",[84,14182,3743],{"class":98},[84,14184,11332],{"class":98},[84,14186,186],{"class":185},[84,14188,8508],{"class":189},[84,14190,186],{"class":185},[84,14192,3743],{"class":98},[84,14194,196],{"class":185},[84,14196,14065],{"class":189},[84,14198,186],{"class":185},[84,14200,106],{"class":98},[84,14202,196],{"class":185},[84,14204,10139],{"class":189},[84,14206,186],{"class":185},[84,14208,3743],{"class":98},[84,14210,10146],{"class":102},[84,14212,10149],{"class":98},[84,14214,14215,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14249],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14216,14217],{"class":90},"Copy",[84,14219,3743],{"class":98},[84,14221,11332],{"class":98},[84,14223,186],{"class":185},[84,14225,8508],{"class":189},[84,14227,186],{"class":185},[84,14229,3743],{"class":98},[84,14231,196],{"class":185},[84,14233,14065],{"class":189},[84,14235,186],{"class":185},[84,14237,106],{"class":98},[84,14239,196],{"class":185},[84,14241,10139],{"class":189},[84,14243,186],{"class":185},[84,14245,3743],{"class":98},[84,14247,14248],{"class":102}," 26",[84,14250,10149],{"class":98},[20,14252,14253],{},"What happened here:",[30,14255,14256,14262,14269],{},[33,14257,14258,14261],{},[15,14259,14260],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,14263,14264,14265,14268],{},"Changing ",[15,14266,14267],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,14270,14271],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14273,14274],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[70,14276,14278],{"id":14277},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14280,14281,13690,14283,307],{},[15,14282,13619],{},[53,14284,13693],{},[20,14286,2970],{},[30,14288,14289,14292,14295],{},[33,14290,14291],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,14293,14294],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,14296,14297],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14299,814],{},[75,14301,14303],{"className":77,"code":14302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14304,14305,14313,14331,14354,14358,14362,14376,14380,14405,14409,14427,14446,14461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14306,14307,14309,14311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14308,13706],{"class":90},[84,14310,95],{"class":94},[84,14312,12336],{"class":98},[84,14314,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14316,12341],{"class":185},[84,14318,8508],{"class":189},[84,14320,3711],{"class":185},[84,14322,3743],{"class":98},[84,14324,4211],{"class":185},[84,14326,13723],{"class":189},[84,14328,3711],{"class":185},[84,14330,12357],{"class":98},[84,14332,14333,14335,14338,14340,14342,14344,14347,14349,14352],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,14334,12341],{"class":185},[84,14336,14337],{"class":189},"grades",[84,14339,3711],{"class":185},[84,14341,3743],{"class":98},[84,14343,99],{"class":98},[84,14345,14346],{"class":102},"90",[84,14348,106],{"class":98},[84,14350,14351],{"class":102}," 85",[84,14353,122],{"class":98},[84,14355,14356],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,14357,10149],{"class":98},[84,14359,14360],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,14361,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14363,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,14365,13744],{"class":90},[84,14367,95],{"class":94},[84,14369,13749],{"class":90},[84,14371,307],{"class":98},[84,14373,13754],{"class":146},[84,14375,9482],{"class":98},[84,14377,14378],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,14379,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14381,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14395,14398,14400,14403],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,14383,13769],{"class":90},[84,14385,182],{"class":98},[84,14387,3711],{"class":185},[84,14389,14337],{"class":189},[84,14391,3711],{"class":185},[84,14393,14394],{"class":98},"].",[84,14396,14397],{"class":146},"append",[84,14399,137],{"class":98},[84,14401,14402],{"class":102},"100",[84,14404,150],{"class":98},[84,14406,14407],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,14408,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14410,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,14412,156],{"class":133},[84,14414,137],{"class":98},[84,14416,3711],{"class":185},[84,14418,14138],{"class":189},[84,14420,3711],{"class":185},[84,14422,106],{"class":98},[84,14424,13749],{"class":146},[84,14426,150],{"class":98},[84,14428,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14444],{"class":86,"line":12438},[84,14430,156],{"class":133},[84,14432,137],{"class":98},[84,14434,3711],{"class":185},[84,14436,14157],{"class":189},[84,14438,3711],{"class":185},[84,14440,106],{"class":98},[84,14442,14443],{"class":146}," student_copy",[84,14445,150],{"class":98},[84,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459],{"class":86,"line":14448},12,[84,14450,156],{"class":133},[84,14452,137],{"class":98},[84,14454,13706],{"class":146},[84,14456,13037],{"class":633},[84,14458,14443],{"class":146},[84,14460,150],{"class":98},[84,14462,14464,14466,14468,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493],{"class":86,"line":14463},13,[84,14465,156],{"class":133},[84,14467,137],{"class":98},[84,14469,14470],{"class":146},"student",[84,14472,182],{"class":98},[84,14474,3711],{"class":185},[84,14476,14337],{"class":189},[84,14478,3711],{"class":185},[84,14480,14117],{"class":98},[84,14482,8935],{"class":633},[84,14484,14443],{"class":146},[84,14486,182],{"class":98},[84,14488,3711],{"class":185},[84,14490,14337],{"class":189},[84,14492,3711],{"class":185},[84,14494,4737],{"class":98},[20,14496,14497],{},[53,14498,172],{},[75,14500,14502],{"className":77,"code":14501,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14503,14504,14551,14597,14601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14505,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14507,14180],{"class":90},[84,14509,3743],{"class":98},[84,14511,11332],{"class":98},[84,14513,186],{"class":185},[84,14515,8508],{"class":189},[84,14517,186],{"class":185},[84,14519,3743],{"class":98},[84,14521,196],{"class":185},[84,14523,13723],{"class":189},[84,14525,186],{"class":185},[84,14527,106],{"class":98},[84,14529,196],{"class":185},[84,14531,14337],{"class":189},[84,14533,186],{"class":185},[84,14535,3743],{"class":98},[84,14537,99],{"class":98},[84,14539,14346],{"class":102},[84,14541,106],{"class":98},[84,14543,14351],{"class":102},[84,14545,106],{"class":98},[84,14547,10959],{"class":102},[84,14549,14550],{"class":98},"]}\n",[84,14552,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14554,14217],{"class":90},[84,14556,3743],{"class":98},[84,14558,11332],{"class":98},[84,14560,186],{"class":185},[84,14562,8508],{"class":189},[84,14564,186],{"class":185},[84,14566,3743],{"class":98},[84,14568,196],{"class":185},[84,14570,13723],{"class":189},[84,14572,186],{"class":185},[84,14574,106],{"class":98},[84,14576,196],{"class":185},[84,14578,14337],{"class":189},[84,14580,186],{"class":185},[84,14582,3743],{"class":98},[84,14584,99],{"class":98},[84,14586,14346],{"class":102},[84,14588,106],{"class":98},[84,14590,14351],{"class":102},[84,14592,106],{"class":98},[84,14594,10959],{"class":102},[84,14596,14550],{"class":98},[84,14598,14599],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,14600,4889],{"class":4704},[84,14602,14603],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,14604,4828],{"class":4704},[20,14606,14607],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,14609,14610,14618],{},[33,14611,14612,5631,14615,14617],{},[15,14613,14614],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14616,4528],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,14619,14620,5631,14623,14625],{},[15,14621,14622],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14624,4459],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14627,14628],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14630,14631,14632,307],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[303,14633,14635],{"href":14634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[70,14637,1741,14639],{"id":14638},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14640,13619],{},[20,14642,224,14643,11443],{},[15,14644,13619],{},[30,14646,14647,14650,14653,14656],{},[33,14648,14649],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,14651,14652],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,14654,14655],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,14657,14658],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14660,814],{},[75,14662,14664],{"className":77,"code":14663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14665,14666,14705,14721,14725,14745,14749,14768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14667,14668,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14696,14698,14700,14703],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14669,14670],{"class":90},"settings ",[84,14672,95],{"class":94},[84,14674,11332],{"class":98},[84,14676,3711],{"class":185},[84,14678,13338],{"class":189},[84,14680,3711],{"class":185},[84,14682,3743],{"class":98},[84,14684,4211],{"class":185},[84,14686,13347],{"class":189},[84,14688,3711],{"class":185},[84,14690,106],{"class":98},[84,14692,4211],{"class":185},[84,14694,14695],{"class":189},"font_size",[84,14697,3711],{"class":185},[84,14699,3743],{"class":98},[84,14701,14702],{"class":102}," 14",[84,14704,10149],{"class":98},[84,14706,14707,14710,14712,14715,14717,14719],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14708,14709],{"class":90},"settings_backup ",[84,14711,95],{"class":94},[84,14713,14714],{"class":90}," settings",[84,14716,307],{"class":98},[84,14718,13754],{"class":146},[84,14720,9482],{"class":98},[84,14722,14723],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,14724,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14726,14727,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,14728,14729],{"class":90},"settings",[84,14731,182],{"class":98},[84,14733,3711],{"class":185},[84,14735,14695],{"class":189},[84,14737,3711],{"class":185},[84,14739,14117],{"class":98},[84,14741,14120],{"class":94},[84,14743,14744],{"class":102}," 16\n",[84,14746,14747],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,14748,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14750,14751,14753,14755,14757,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,14752,156],{"class":133},[84,14754,137],{"class":98},[84,14756,3711],{"class":185},[84,14758,14759],{"class":189},"Current:",[84,14761,3711],{"class":185},[84,14763,106],{"class":98},[84,14765,14714],{"class":146},[84,14767,150],{"class":98},[84,14769,14770,14772,14774,14776,14779,14781,14783,14786],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,14771,156],{"class":133},[84,14773,137],{"class":98},[84,14775,3711],{"class":185},[84,14777,14778],{"class":189},"Backup:",[84,14780,3711],{"class":185},[84,14782,106],{"class":98},[84,14784,14785],{"class":146}," settings_backup",[84,14787,150],{"class":98},[20,14789,14790],{},[53,14791,172],{},[75,14793,14795],{"className":77,"code":14794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14796,14797,14835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14798,14799,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14800,14801],{"class":90},"Current",[84,14803,3743],{"class":98},[84,14805,11332],{"class":98},[84,14807,186],{"class":185},[84,14809,13338],{"class":189},[84,14811,186],{"class":185},[84,14813,3743],{"class":98},[84,14815,196],{"class":185},[84,14817,13347],{"class":189},[84,14819,186],{"class":185},[84,14821,106],{"class":98},[84,14823,196],{"class":185},[84,14825,14695],{"class":189},[84,14827,186],{"class":185},[84,14829,3743],{"class":98},[84,14831,14832],{"class":102}," 16",[84,14834,10149],{"class":98},[84,14836,14837,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14838,14839],{"class":90},"Backup",[84,14841,3743],{"class":98},[84,14843,11332],{"class":98},[84,14845,186],{"class":185},[84,14847,13338],{"class":189},[84,14849,186],{"class":185},[84,14851,3743],{"class":98},[84,14853,196],{"class":185},[84,14855,13347],{"class":189},[84,14857,186],{"class":185},[84,14859,106],{"class":98},[84,14861,196],{"class":185},[84,14863,14695],{"class":189},[84,14865,186],{"class":185},[84,14867,3743],{"class":98},[84,14869,14702],{"class":102},[84,14871,10149],{"class":98},[20,14873,14874,14875,3736,14881,307],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[303,14876,14878],{"href":14877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14879,14880],{},"dict.update()",[303,14882,14883],{"href":13666},[15,14884,12171],{},[70,14886,14888,14890],{"id":14887},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14889,13619],{}," vs assignment",[20,14892,14893],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14895,595,14896,51,14898,14900],{},[15,14897,95],{},[53,14899,55],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[995,14902,14904],{"id":14903},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[75,14906,14908],{"className":77,"code":14907,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14909,14910,14942,14951,14955,14975,14979,14997,15017],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,14911,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,14913,12929],{"class":90},[84,14915,95],{"class":94},[84,14917,11332],{"class":98},[84,14919,3711],{"class":185},[84,14921,625],{"class":189},[84,14923,3711],{"class":185},[84,14925,3743],{"class":98},[84,14927,6341],{"class":102},[84,14929,106],{"class":98},[84,14931,4211],{"class":185},[84,14933,12588],{"class":189},[84,14935,3711],{"class":185},[84,14937,3743],{"class":98},[84,14939,109],{"class":102},[84,14941,10149],{"class":98},[84,14943,14944,14947,14949],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,14945,14946],{"class":90},"assigned ",[84,14948,95],{"class":94},[84,14950,12967],{"class":90},[84,14952,14953],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,14954,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14956,14957,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,14958,14959],{"class":90},"assigned",[84,14961,182],{"class":98},[84,14963,3711],{"class":185},[84,14965,625],{"class":189},[84,14967,3711],{"class":185},[84,14969,14117],{"class":98},[84,14971,14120],{"class":94},[84,14973,14974],{"class":102}," 99\n",[84,14976,14977],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,14978,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,14980,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,14982,156],{"class":133},[84,14984,137],{"class":98},[84,14986,3711],{"class":185},[84,14988,14138],{"class":189},[84,14990,3711],{"class":185},[84,14992,106],{"class":98},[84,14994,13004],{"class":146},[84,14996,150],{"class":98},[84,14998,14999,15001,15003,15005,15008,15010,15012,15015],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,15000,156],{"class":133},[84,15002,137],{"class":98},[84,15004,3711],{"class":185},[84,15006,15007],{"class":189},"Assigned:",[84,15009,3711],{"class":185},[84,15011,106],{"class":98},[84,15013,15014],{"class":146}," assigned",[84,15016,150],{"class":98},[84,15018,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,15020,156],{"class":133},[84,15022,137],{"class":98},[84,15024,12929],{"class":146},[84,15026,13037],{"class":633},[84,15028,15014],{"class":146},[84,15030,150],{"class":98},[20,15032,15033],{},[53,15034,172],{},[75,15036,15038],{"className":77,"code":15037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,15039,15040,15072,15105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15041,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15043,14180],{"class":90},[84,15045,3743],{"class":98},[84,15047,11332],{"class":98},[84,15049,186],{"class":185},[84,15051,625],{"class":189},[84,15053,186],{"class":185},[84,15055,3743],{"class":98},[84,15057,11038],{"class":102},[84,15059,106],{"class":98},[84,15061,196],{"class":185},[84,15063,12588],{"class":189},[84,15065,186],{"class":185},[84,15067,3743],{"class":98},[84,15069,109],{"class":102},[84,15071,10149],{"class":98},[84,15073,15074,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15075,15076],{"class":90},"Assigned",[84,15078,3743],{"class":98},[84,15080,11332],{"class":98},[84,15082,186],{"class":185},[84,15084,625],{"class":189},[84,15086,186],{"class":185},[84,15088,3743],{"class":98},[84,15090,11038],{"class":102},[84,15092,106],{"class":98},[84,15094,196],{"class":185},[84,15096,12588],{"class":189},[84,15098,186],{"class":185},[84,15100,3743],{"class":98},[84,15102,109],{"class":102},[84,15104,10149],{"class":98},[84,15106,15107],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15108,4828],{"class":4704},[995,15110,595,15112],{"id":15111},"using-copy",[15,15113,13619],{},[75,15115,15117],{"className":77,"code":15116,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,15118,15119,15151,15166,15170,15189,15193,15211,15231],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15120,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15122,12929],{"class":90},[84,15124,95],{"class":94},[84,15126,11332],{"class":98},[84,15128,3711],{"class":185},[84,15130,625],{"class":189},[84,15132,3711],{"class":185},[84,15134,3743],{"class":98},[84,15136,6341],{"class":102},[84,15138,106],{"class":98},[84,15140,4211],{"class":185},[84,15142,12588],{"class":189},[84,15144,3711],{"class":185},[84,15146,3743],{"class":98},[84,15148,109],{"class":102},[84,15150,10149],{"class":98},[84,15152,15153,15156,15158,15160,15162,15164],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15154,15155],{"class":90},"copied ",[84,15157,95],{"class":94},[84,15159,13004],{"class":90},[84,15161,307],{"class":98},[84,15163,13754],{"class":146},[84,15165,9482],{"class":98},[84,15167,15168],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15169,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,15171,15172,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,15173,15174],{"class":90},"copied",[84,15176,182],{"class":98},[84,15178,3711],{"class":185},[84,15180,625],{"class":189},[84,15182,3711],{"class":185},[84,15184,14117],{"class":98},[84,15186,14120],{"class":94},[84,15188,14974],{"class":102},[84,15190,15191],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,15192,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,15194,15195,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205,15207,15209],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,15196,156],{"class":133},[84,15198,137],{"class":98},[84,15200,3711],{"class":185},[84,15202,14138],{"class":189},[84,15204,3711],{"class":185},[84,15206,106],{"class":98},[84,15208,13004],{"class":146},[84,15210,150],{"class":98},[84,15212,15213,15215,15217,15219,15222,15224,15226,15229],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,15214,156],{"class":133},[84,15216,137],{"class":98},[84,15218,3711],{"class":185},[84,15220,15221],{"class":189},"Copied:",[84,15223,3711],{"class":185},[84,15225,106],{"class":98},[84,15227,15228],{"class":146}," copied",[84,15230,150],{"class":98},[84,15232,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,15234,156],{"class":133},[84,15236,137],{"class":98},[84,15238,12929],{"class":146},[84,15240,13037],{"class":633},[84,15242,15228],{"class":146},[84,15244,150],{"class":98},[20,15246,15247],{},[53,15248,172],{},[75,15250,15252],{"className":77,"code":15251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15253,15254,15286,15319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15255,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15257,14180],{"class":90},[84,15259,3743],{"class":98},[84,15261,11332],{"class":98},[84,15263,186],{"class":185},[84,15265,625],{"class":189},[84,15267,186],{"class":185},[84,15269,3743],{"class":98},[84,15271,6341],{"class":102},[84,15273,106],{"class":98},[84,15275,196],{"class":185},[84,15277,12588],{"class":189},[84,15279,186],{"class":185},[84,15281,3743],{"class":98},[84,15283,109],{"class":102},[84,15285,10149],{"class":98},[84,15287,15288,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15289,15290],{"class":90},"Copied",[84,15292,3743],{"class":98},[84,15294,11332],{"class":98},[84,15296,186],{"class":185},[84,15298,625],{"class":189},[84,15300,186],{"class":185},[84,15302,3743],{"class":98},[84,15304,11038],{"class":102},[84,15306,106],{"class":98},[84,15308,196],{"class":185},[84,15310,12588],{"class":189},[84,15312,186],{"class":185},[84,15314,3743],{"class":98},[84,15316,109],{"class":102},[84,15318,10149],{"class":98},[84,15320,15321],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15322,4889],{"class":4704},[20,15324,15325],{},"Summary:",[30,15327,15328,15334],{},[33,15329,15330,15333],{},[15,15331,15332],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,15335,15336,15339],{},[15,15337,15338],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[70,15341,15343],{"id":15342},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15345,15346,3743],{},[15,15347,13619],{},[30,15349,15350,15353,15356,15359],{},[33,15351,15352],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,15354,15355],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,15357,15358],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,15360,15361],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15363,814],{},[75,15365,15367],{"className":77,"code":15366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15368,15369,15401,15417,15421,15439,15459,15463,15481],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15370,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15372,10005],{"class":90},[84,15374,95],{"class":94},[84,15376,11332],{"class":98},[84,15378,3711],{"class":185},[84,15380,303],{"class":189},[84,15382,3711],{"class":185},[84,15384,3743],{"class":98},[84,15386,6341],{"class":102},[84,15388,106],{"class":98},[84,15390,4211],{"class":185},[84,15392,5608],{"class":189},[84,15394,3711],{"class":185},[84,15396,3743],{"class":98},[84,15398,109],{"class":102},[84,15400,10149],{"class":98},[84,15402,15403,15406,15408,15411,15413,15415],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15404,15405],{"class":90},"data_copy ",[84,15407,95],{"class":94},[84,15409,15410],{"class":90}," data",[84,15412,307],{"class":98},[84,15414,13754],{"class":146},[84,15416,9482],{"class":98},[84,15418,15419],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15420,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,15424,10044],{"class":90},[84,15426,182],{"class":98},[84,15428,3711],{"class":185},[84,15430,303],{"class":189},[84,15432,3711],{"class":185},[84,15434,14117],{"class":98},[84,15436,14120],{"class":94},[84,15438,3442],{"class":102},[84,15440,15441,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,15442,15443],{"class":90},"data_copy",[84,15445,182],{"class":98},[84,15447,3711],{"class":185},[84,15449,5608],{"class":189},[84,15451,3711],{"class":185},[84,15453,14117],{"class":98},[84,15455,14120],{"class":94},[84,15457,15458],{"class":102}," 20\n",[84,15460,15461],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,15462,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,15464,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,15466,156],{"class":133},[84,15468,137],{"class":98},[84,15470,3711],{"class":185},[84,15472,14138],{"class":189},[84,15474,3711],{"class":185},[84,15476,106],{"class":98},[84,15478,15410],{"class":146},[84,15480,150],{"class":98},[84,15482,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15498],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,15484,156],{"class":133},[84,15486,137],{"class":98},[84,15488,3711],{"class":185},[84,15490,14157],{"class":189},[84,15492,3711],{"class":185},[84,15494,106],{"class":98},[84,15496,15497],{"class":146}," data_copy",[84,15499,150],{"class":98},[20,15501,15502],{},[53,15503,172],{},[75,15505,15507],{"className":77,"code":15506,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15508,15509,15541],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15510,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15512,14180],{"class":90},[84,15514,3743],{"class":98},[84,15516,11332],{"class":98},[84,15518,186],{"class":185},[84,15520,303],{"class":189},[84,15522,186],{"class":185},[84,15524,3743],{"class":98},[84,15526,6847],{"class":102},[84,15528,106],{"class":98},[84,15530,196],{"class":185},[84,15532,5608],{"class":189},[84,15534,186],{"class":185},[84,15536,3743],{"class":98},[84,15538,109],{"class":102},[84,15540,10149],{"class":98},[84,15542,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15544,14217],{"class":90},[84,15546,3743],{"class":98},[84,15548,11332],{"class":98},[84,15550,186],{"class":185},[84,15552,303],{"class":189},[84,15554,186],{"class":185},[84,15556,3743],{"class":98},[84,15558,6341],{"class":102},[84,15560,106],{"class":98},[84,15562,196],{"class":185},[84,15564,5608],{"class":189},[84,15566,186],{"class":185},[84,15568,3743],{"class":98},[84,15570,442],{"class":102},[84,15572,10149],{"class":98},[70,15574,3686],{"id":3685},[20,15576,15577,15578,3743],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15579,13278],{},[30,15581,15582,15589,15594,15599],{},[33,15583,595,15584,11935,15586,15588],{},[15,15585,95],{},[15,15587,13619],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,15590,5426,15591,15593],{},[15,15592,13619],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,15595,15596,15597],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15598,13619],{},[33,15600,15601],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15603,15604],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[75,15606,15608],{"className":77,"code":15607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15609,15610,15620,15630,15644,15667,15690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15611,15612,15614,15616,15618],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15613,156],{"class":133},[84,15615,137],{"class":98},[84,15617,12976],{"class":146},[84,15619,150],{"class":98},[84,15621,15622,15624,15626,15628],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15623,156],{"class":133},[84,15625,137],{"class":98},[84,15627,15174],{"class":146},[84,15629,150],{"class":98},[84,15631,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15633,156],{"class":133},[84,15635,137],{"class":98},[84,15637,12929],{"class":146},[84,15639,13037],{"class":633},[84,15641,15228],{"class":146},[84,15643,150],{"class":98},[84,15645,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15661,15663,15665],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,15647,156],{"class":133},[84,15649,137],{"class":98},[84,15651,13493],{"class":133},[84,15653,137],{"class":98},[84,15655,12976],{"class":146},[84,15657,10073],{"class":98},[84,15659,15660],{"class":133}," id",[84,15662,137],{"class":98},[84,15664,15174],{"class":146},[84,15666,169],{"class":98},[84,15668,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15686,15688],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,15670,156],{"class":133},[84,15672,137],{"class":98},[84,15674,13493],{"class":133},[84,15676,137],{"class":98},[84,15678,12976],{"class":146},[84,15680,182],{"class":98},[84,15682,3711],{"class":185},[84,15684,15685],{"class":189},"key",[84,15687,3711],{"class":185},[84,15689,3858],{"class":98},[84,15691,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,15693,156],{"class":133},[84,15695,137],{"class":98},[84,15697,13493],{"class":133},[84,15699,137],{"class":98},[84,15701,15174],{"class":146},[84,15703,182],{"class":98},[84,15705,3711],{"class":185},[84,15707,15685],{"class":189},[84,15709,3711],{"class":185},[84,15711,3858],{"class":98},[20,15713,15714],{},"What these help you check:",[30,15716,15717,15720,15723],{},[33,15718,15719],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,15721,15722],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,15724,15725],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15727,15728,15729,307],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[303,15730,15732],{"href":15731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[70,15734,2694],{"id":2693},[995,15736,2698,15738,15740],{"id":15737},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15739,13278],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15742,15743],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[995,15745,2715,15747,15749],{"id":15746},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15748,13278],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15751,15752],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[995,15754,6024,15756,5241,15758,3348],{"id":15755},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15757,13619],{},[15,15759,95],{},[20,15761,15762,15764,15765,15767],{},[15,15763,13619],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15766,95],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[995,15769,15771],{"id":15770},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15773,15774],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[70,15776,2751],{"id":2750},[30,15778,15779,15783,15787,15791,15798,15804],{},[33,15780,15781],{},[303,15782,12086],{"href":13869},[33,15784,15785],{},[303,15786,9995],{"href":13866},[33,15788,15789],{},[303,15790,14635],{"href":14634},[33,15792,15793],{},[303,15794,11579,15795,11583],{"href":14877},[15,15796,15797],{},"update()",[33,15799,15800],{},[303,15801,11579,15802,11583],{"href":13666},[15,15803,12165],{},[33,15805,15806],{},[303,15807,15808],{"href":15731},"How to copy a list in Python",[2785,15810,15811],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":15813},[15814,15815,15817,15818,15819,15820,15822,15828,15829,15830,15839],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":13838,"depth":125,"text":15816},"What the copy() method does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":14277,"depth":125,"text":14278},{"id":14638,"depth":125,"text":15821},"When to use copy()",{"id":14887,"depth":125,"text":15823,"children":15824},"copy() vs assignment",[15825,15826],{"id":14903,"depth":153,"text":14904},{"id":15111,"depth":153,"text":15827},"Using copy()",{"id":15342,"depth":125,"text":15343},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":15831},[15832,15834,15836,15838],{"id":15737,"depth":153,"text":15833},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15746,"depth":153,"text":15835},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15755,"depth":153,"text":15837},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15770,"depth":153,"text":15771},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13672,"description":15840},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15847,"title":15848,"body":15849,"description":18043,"extension":2830,"meta":18044,"navigation":472,"path":13869,"seo":18045,"stem":18046,"__hash__":18047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15850,"toc":18005},[15851,15854,15860,15869,15871,15947,15951,16000,16003,16007,16021,16024,16028,16041,16044,16077,16091,16094,16106,16110,16113,16121,16201,16205,16258,16262,16280,16282,16364,16367,16369,16372,16375,16398,16422,16426,16434,16437,16441,16450,16455,16513,16517,16550,16556,16561,16564,16618,16622,16672,16675,16681,16684,16692,16694,16739,16744,16753,16756,16759,16806,16808,16813,16816,16910,16914,16967,16970,17026,17029,17033,17036,17050,17054,17120,17124,17149,17152,17156,17234,17238,17241,17244,17264,17267,17320,17324,17327,17330,17343,17345,17434,17441,17444,17455,17457,17460,17480,17484,17486,17495,17497,17536,17540,17542,17551,17560,17562,17600,17604,17651,17655,17676,17680,17683,17795,17800,17897,17919,17921,17925,17932,17936,17942,17946,17949,17953,17956,17963,17971,17973,17999,18002],[10,15852,15848],{"id":15853},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15855,15856,15857,15859],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[53,15858,9971],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15861,15862,15863,3736,15865,307],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[303,15864,9995],{"href":9994},[303,15866,15868],{"href":15867},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[70,15870,73],{"id":72},[75,15872,15874],{"className":77,"code":15873,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15875,15876,15884,15902,15916,15929,15933,15937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15877,15878,15880,15882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15879,13706],{"class":90},[84,15881,95],{"class":94},[84,15883,12336],{"class":98},[84,15885,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,15887,12341],{"class":185},[84,15889,8508],{"class":189},[84,15891,3711],{"class":185},[84,15893,3743],{"class":98},[84,15895,4211],{"class":185},[84,15897,13723],{"class":189},[84,15899,3711],{"class":185},[84,15901,12357],{"class":98},[84,15903,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,15905,12341],{"class":185},[84,15907,10139],{"class":189},[84,15909,3711],{"class":185},[84,15911,3743],{"class":98},[84,15913,442],{"class":102},[84,15915,12357],{"class":98},[84,15917,15918,15920,15923,15925,15927],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,15919,12341],{"class":185},[84,15921,15922],{"class":189},"is_active",[84,15924,3711],{"class":185},[84,15926,3743],{"class":98},[84,15928,7263],{"class":4704},[84,15930,15931],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,15932,10149],{"class":98},[84,15934,15935],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,15936,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,15938,15939,15941,15943,15945],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,15940,156],{"class":133},[84,15942,137],{"class":98},[84,15944,14470],{"class":146},[84,15946,150],{"class":98},[20,15948,15949],{},[53,15950,172],{},[75,15952,15954],{"className":77,"code":15953,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15955,15956],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,15957,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,15959,10118],{"class":98},[84,15961,186],{"class":185},[84,15963,8508],{"class":189},[84,15965,186],{"class":185},[84,15967,3743],{"class":98},[84,15969,196],{"class":185},[84,15971,13723],{"class":189},[84,15973,186],{"class":185},[84,15975,106],{"class":98},[84,15977,196],{"class":185},[84,15979,10139],{"class":189},[84,15981,186],{"class":185},[84,15983,3743],{"class":98},[84,15985,442],{"class":102},[84,15987,106],{"class":98},[84,15989,196],{"class":185},[84,15991,15922],{"class":189},[84,15993,186],{"class":185},[84,15995,3743],{"class":98},[84,15997,4764],{"class":4704},[84,15999,10149],{"class":98},[20,16001,16002],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[70,16004,16006],{"id":16005},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,16008,16009,16012,16015,16018],{},[33,16010,16011],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,16013,16014],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,16016,16017],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,16019,16020],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[70,16022,16011],{"id":16023},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,16025,9968,16026,307],{},[53,16027,9971],{},[30,16029,16030,16036],{},[33,16031,16032,16033,16035],{},"A ",[53,16034,15685],{}," is the label",[33,16037,16032,16038,16040],{},[53,16039,3329],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,16042,16043],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[75,16045,16047],{"className":77,"code":16046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,16048,16049,16057,16073],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16050,16051,16053,16055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16052,13706],{"class":90},[84,16054,95],{"class":94},[84,16056,12336],{"class":98},[84,16058,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16060,12341],{"class":185},[84,16062,8508],{"class":189},[84,16064,3711],{"class":185},[84,16066,3743],{"class":98},[84,16068,4211],{"class":185},[84,16070,13723],{"class":189},[84,16072,4217],{"class":185},[84,16074,16075],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16076,10149],{"class":98},[30,16078,16079,16085],{},[33,16080,16081,16084],{},[15,16082,16083],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,16086,16087,16090],{},[15,16088,16089],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,16092,16093],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,16095,16096,16098,16100,16103],{},[33,16097,8508],{},[33,16099,10139],{},[33,16101,16102],{},"email",[33,16104,16105],{},"country",[70,16107,16109],{"id":16108},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,16111,16112],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,16114,224,16115,16117,16118,307],{},[15,16116,4644],{}," and write each item as ",[15,16119,16120],{},"key: value",[75,16122,16124],{"className":77,"code":16123,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16125,16126,16134,16152,16166,16183,16187,16191],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16127,16128,16130,16132],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16129,13706],{"class":90},[84,16131,95],{"class":94},[84,16133,12336],{"class":98},[84,16135,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16137,12341],{"class":185},[84,16139,8508],{"class":189},[84,16141,3711],{"class":185},[84,16143,3743],{"class":98},[84,16145,4211],{"class":185},[84,16147,13723],{"class":189},[84,16149,3711],{"class":185},[84,16151,12357],{"class":98},[84,16153,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16155,12341],{"class":185},[84,16157,10139],{"class":189},[84,16159,3711],{"class":185},[84,16161,3743],{"class":98},[84,16163,442],{"class":102},[84,16165,12357],{"class":98},[84,16167,16168,16170,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,16169,12341],{"class":185},[84,16171,16172],{"class":189},"course",[84,16174,3711],{"class":185},[84,16176,3743],{"class":98},[84,16178,4211],{"class":185},[84,16180,8136],{"class":189},[84,16182,4217],{"class":185},[84,16184,16185],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,16186,10149],{"class":98},[84,16188,16189],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,16190,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16192,16193,16195,16197,16199],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,16194,156],{"class":133},[84,16196,137],{"class":98},[84,16198,14470],{"class":146},[84,16200,150],{"class":98},[20,16202,16203],{},[53,16204,172],{},[75,16206,16208],{"className":77,"code":16207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,16209,16210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16211,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16213,10118],{"class":98},[84,16215,186],{"class":185},[84,16217,8508],{"class":189},[84,16219,186],{"class":185},[84,16221,3743],{"class":98},[84,16223,196],{"class":185},[84,16225,13723],{"class":189},[84,16227,186],{"class":185},[84,16229,106],{"class":98},[84,16231,196],{"class":185},[84,16233,10139],{"class":189},[84,16235,186],{"class":185},[84,16237,3743],{"class":98},[84,16239,442],{"class":102},[84,16241,106],{"class":98},[84,16243,196],{"class":185},[84,16245,16172],{"class":189},[84,16247,186],{"class":185},[84,16249,3743],{"class":98},[84,16251,196],{"class":185},[84,16253,8136],{"class":189},[84,16255,186],{"class":185},[84,16257,10149],{"class":98},[995,16259,16261],{"id":16260},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,16263,16264,16269,16274,16277],{},[33,16265,224,16266,16268],{},[15,16267,4644],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,16270,16271,16272],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16273,16120],{},[33,16275,16276],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,16278,16279],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16281,814],{},[75,16283,16285],{"className":77,"code":16284,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16286,16287,16296,16316,16332,16345,16349,16353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16288,16289,16292,16294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16290,16291],{"class":90},"book ",[84,16293,95],{"class":94},[84,16295,12336],{"class":98},[84,16297,16298,16300,16303,16305,16307,16309,16312,16314],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16299,12341],{"class":185},[84,16301,16302],{"class":189},"title",[84,16304,3711],{"class":185},[84,16306,3743],{"class":98},[84,16308,4211],{"class":185},[84,16310,16311],{"class":189},"Python Basics",[84,16313,3711],{"class":185},[84,16315,12357],{"class":98},[84,16317,16318,16320,16323,16325,16327,16330],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16319,12341],{"class":185},[84,16321,16322],{"class":189},"pages",[84,16324,3711],{"class":185},[84,16326,3743],{"class":98},[84,16328,16329],{"class":102}," 150",[84,16331,12357],{"class":98},[84,16333,16334,16336,16339,16341,16343],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,16335,12341],{"class":185},[84,16337,16338],{"class":189},"available",[84,16340,3711],{"class":185},[84,16342,3743],{"class":98},[84,16344,7263],{"class":4704},[84,16346,16347],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,16348,10149],{"class":98},[84,16350,16351],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,16352,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16354,16355,16357,16359,16362],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,16356,156],{"class":133},[84,16358,137],{"class":98},[84,16360,16361],{"class":146},"book",[84,16363,150],{"class":98},[20,16365,16366],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[70,16368,10243],{"id":10242},[20,16370,16371],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16373,16374],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[75,16376,16378],{"className":77,"code":16377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16379,16380,16388],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16381,16382,16384,16386],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16383,10005],{"class":90},[84,16385,95],{"class":94},[84,16387,10679],{"class":98},[84,16389,16390,16392,16394,16396],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16391,156],{"class":133},[84,16393,137],{"class":98},[84,16395,10044],{"class":146},[84,16397,150],{"class":98},[75,16399,16400],{"className":77,"code":10246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,16401,16402,16412],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16403,16404,16406,16408,16410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16405,10005],{"class":90},[84,16407,95],{"class":94},[84,16409,10010],{"class":140},[84,16411,9482],{"class":98},[84,16413,16414,16416,16418,16420],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16415,156],{"class":133},[84,16417,137],{"class":98},[84,16419,10044],{"class":146},[84,16421,150],{"class":98},[20,16423,16424],{},[53,16425,172],{},[75,16427,16428],{"className":77,"code":10275,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,16429,16430],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16431,16432],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16433,10275],{"class":98},[20,16435,16436],{},"Both are correct.",[995,16438,16440],{"id":16439},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16442,16443,16445,16446,16449],{},[15,16444,4644],{}," creates an empty ",[53,16447,16448],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16451,16452,16453,307],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16454,4649],{},[75,16456,16458],{"className":77,"code":16457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16459,16460,16468,16480,16484,16498],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16461,16462,16464,16466],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16463,12567],{"class":90},[84,16465,95],{"class":94},[84,16467,10679],{"class":98},[84,16469,16470,16473,16475,16478],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16471,16472],{"class":90},"my_set ",[84,16474,95],{"class":94},[84,16476,16477],{"class":140}," set",[84,16479,9482],{"class":98},[84,16481,16482],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16483,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16485,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,16487,156],{"class":133},[84,16489,137],{"class":98},[84,16491,2624],{"class":140},[84,16493,137],{"class":98},[84,16495,12294],{"class":146},[84,16497,169],{"class":98},[84,16499,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508,16511],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,16501,156],{"class":133},[84,16503,137],{"class":98},[84,16505,2624],{"class":140},[84,16507,137],{"class":98},[84,16509,16510],{"class":146},"my_set",[84,16512,169],{"class":98},[20,16514,16515],{},[53,16516,172],{},[75,16518,16520],{"className":77,"code":16519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16521,16522,16536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16523,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16525,1251],{"class":94},[84,16527,4152],{"class":614},[84,16529,196],{"class":185},[84,16531,9661],{"class":189},[84,16533,186],{"class":185},[84,16535,1270],{"class":94},[84,16537,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16539,1251],{"class":94},[84,16541,4152],{"class":614},[84,16543,196],{"class":185},[84,16545,7129],{"class":189},[84,16547,186],{"class":185},[84,16549,1270],{"class":94},[70,16551,16553,16554],{"id":16552},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16555,9959],{},[20,16557,601,16558,16560],{},[15,16559,9959],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16562,16563],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[75,16565,16567],{"className":77,"code":16566,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16568,16569,16608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16570,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16602,16604,16606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16572,13706],{"class":90},[84,16574,95],{"class":94},[84,16576,10010],{"class":140},[84,16578,137],{"class":98},[84,16580,8508],{"class":10015},[84,16582,95],{"class":94},[84,16584,3711],{"class":185},[84,16586,13723],{"class":189},[84,16588,3711],{"class":185},[84,16590,106],{"class":98},[84,16592,10028],{"class":10015},[84,16594,95],{"class":94},[84,16596,512],{"class":102},[84,16598,106],{"class":98},[84,16600,16601],{"class":10015}," active",[84,16603,95],{"class":94},[84,16605,4459],{"class":4704},[84,16607,150],{"class":98},[84,16609,16610,16612,16614,16616],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16611,156],{"class":133},[84,16613,137],{"class":98},[84,16615,14470],{"class":146},[84,16617,150],{"class":98},[20,16619,16620],{},[53,16621,172],{},[75,16623,16625],{"className":77,"code":16624,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16626,16627],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16628,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16664,16666,16668,16670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16630,10118],{"class":98},[84,16632,186],{"class":185},[84,16634,8508],{"class":189},[84,16636,186],{"class":185},[84,16638,3743],{"class":98},[84,16640,196],{"class":185},[84,16642,13723],{"class":189},[84,16644,186],{"class":185},[84,16646,106],{"class":98},[84,16648,196],{"class":185},[84,16650,10139],{"class":189},[84,16652,186],{"class":185},[84,16654,3743],{"class":98},[84,16656,442],{"class":102},[84,16658,106],{"class":98},[84,16660,196],{"class":185},[84,16662,16663],{"class":189},"active",[84,16665,186],{"class":185},[84,16667,3743],{"class":98},[84,16669,4764],{"class":4704},[84,16671,10149],{"class":98},[20,16673,16674],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[995,16676,16678,16679],{"id":16677},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16680,9959],{},[20,16682,16683],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,16685,16686,16689],{},[33,16687,16688],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,16690,16691],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16693,7526],{},[75,16695,16697],{"className":77,"code":16696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16698,16699,16729],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16700,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16702,12331],{"class":90},[84,16704,95],{"class":94},[84,16706,10010],{"class":140},[84,16708,137],{"class":98},[84,16710,8508],{"class":10015},[84,16712,95],{"class":94},[84,16714,3711],{"class":185},[84,16716,8517],{"class":189},[84,16718,3711],{"class":185},[84,16720,106],{"class":98},[84,16722,10028],{"class":10015},[84,16724,95],{"class":94},[84,16726,10033],{"class":102},[84,16728,150],{"class":98},[84,16730,16731,16733,16735,16737],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16732,156],{"class":133},[84,16734,137],{"class":98},[84,16736,12425],{"class":146},[84,16738,150],{"class":98},[20,16740,5475,16741,16743],{},[53,16742,55],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[75,16745,16747],{"className":77,"code":16746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16748,16749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16750,16751],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16752,16746],{"class":4517},[20,16754,16755],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16757,16758],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[75,16760,16762],{"className":77,"code":16761,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16763,16764,16772,16788,16792,16796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16765,16766,16768,16770],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16767,12331],{"class":90},[84,16769,95],{"class":94},[84,16771,12336],{"class":98},[84,16773,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16775,12341],{"class":185},[84,16777,11337],{"class":189},[84,16779,3711],{"class":185},[84,16781,3743],{"class":98},[84,16783,4211],{"class":185},[84,16785,8517],{"class":189},[84,16787,4217],{"class":185},[84,16789,16790],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16791,10149],{"class":98},[84,16793,16794],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,16795,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16797,16798,16800,16802,16804],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,16799,156],{"class":133},[84,16801,137],{"class":98},[84,16803,12425],{"class":146},[84,16805,150],{"class":98},[70,16807,10285],{"id":10284},[20,16809,16810,16812],{},[15,16811,9959],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16814,16815],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[75,16817,16819],{"className":77,"code":16818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16820,16821,16878,16882,16896,16900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16822,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16874,16876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16824,10055],{"class":90},[84,16826,95],{"class":94},[84,16828,10060],{"class":98},[84,16830,3711],{"class":185},[84,16832,8508],{"class":189},[84,16834,3711],{"class":185},[84,16836,106],{"class":98},[84,16838,4211],{"class":185},[84,16840,13723],{"class":189},[84,16842,3711],{"class":185},[84,16844,10073],{"class":98},[84,16846,10076],{"class":98},[84,16848,3711],{"class":185},[84,16850,10139],{"class":189},[84,16852,3711],{"class":185},[84,16854,106],{"class":98},[84,16856,442],{"class":102},[84,16858,10073],{"class":98},[84,16860,10076],{"class":98},[84,16862,3711],{"class":185},[84,16864,11250],{"class":189},[84,16866,3711],{"class":185},[84,16868,106],{"class":98},[84,16870,4211],{"class":185},[84,16872,16873],{"class":189},"Lima",[84,16875,3711],{"class":185},[84,16877,10089],{"class":98},[84,16879,16880],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,16881,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16883,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,16885,13706],{"class":90},[84,16887,95],{"class":94},[84,16889,10010],{"class":140},[84,16891,137],{"class":98},[84,16893,10102],{"class":146},[84,16895,150],{"class":98},[84,16897,16898],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,16899,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,16901,16902,16904,16906,16908],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,16903,156],{"class":133},[84,16905,137],{"class":98},[84,16907,14470],{"class":146},[84,16909,150],{"class":98},[20,16911,16912],{},[53,16913,172],{},[75,16915,16917],{"className":77,"code":16916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16918,16919],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16920,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16922,10118],{"class":98},[84,16924,186],{"class":185},[84,16926,8508],{"class":189},[84,16928,186],{"class":185},[84,16930,3743],{"class":98},[84,16932,196],{"class":185},[84,16934,13723],{"class":189},[84,16936,186],{"class":185},[84,16938,106],{"class":98},[84,16940,196],{"class":185},[84,16942,10139],{"class":189},[84,16944,186],{"class":185},[84,16946,3743],{"class":98},[84,16948,442],{"class":102},[84,16950,106],{"class":98},[84,16952,196],{"class":185},[84,16954,11250],{"class":189},[84,16956,186],{"class":185},[84,16958,3743],{"class":98},[84,16960,196],{"class":185},[84,16962,16873],{"class":189},[84,16964,186],{"class":185},[84,16966,10149],{"class":98},[20,16968,16969],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[75,16971,16973],{"className":77,"code":16972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16974,16975,17016],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,16976,16977,16979,16981,16983,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,16978,13706],{"class":90},[84,16980,95],{"class":94},[84,16982,10010],{"class":140},[84,16984,16985],{"class":98},"(((",[84,16987,3711],{"class":185},[84,16989,8508],{"class":189},[84,16991,3711],{"class":185},[84,16993,106],{"class":98},[84,16995,4211],{"class":185},[84,16997,13723],{"class":189},[84,16999,3711],{"class":185},[84,17001,10073],{"class":98},[84,17003,10076],{"class":98},[84,17005,3711],{"class":185},[84,17007,10139],{"class":189},[84,17009,3711],{"class":185},[84,17011,106],{"class":98},[84,17013,442],{"class":102},[84,17015,3771],{"class":98},[84,17017,17018,17020,17022,17024],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17019,156],{"class":133},[84,17021,137],{"class":98},[84,17023,14470],{"class":146},[84,17025,150],{"class":98},[20,17027,17028],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[70,17030,17032],{"id":17031},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,17034,17035],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,17037,17038,17041,17044,17047],{},[33,17039,17040],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,17042,17043],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,17045,17046],{},"Values can repeat",[33,17048,17049],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[995,17051,17053],{"id":17052},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[75,17055,17057],{"className":77,"code":17056,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17058,17059,17067,17085,17102,17106,17110],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17060,17061,17063,17065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17062,10005],{"class":90},[84,17064,95],{"class":94},[84,17066,12336],{"class":98},[84,17068,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17070,12341],{"class":185},[84,17072,8508],{"class":189},[84,17074,3711],{"class":185},[84,17076,3743],{"class":98},[84,17078,4211],{"class":185},[84,17080,13723],{"class":189},[84,17082,3711],{"class":185},[84,17084,12357],{"class":98},[84,17086,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17100],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17088,12341],{"class":185},[84,17090,8508],{"class":189},[84,17092,3711],{"class":185},[84,17094,3743],{"class":98},[84,17096,4211],{"class":185},[84,17098,17099],{"class":189},"Maria",[84,17101,4217],{"class":185},[84,17103,17104],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17105,10149],{"class":98},[84,17107,17108],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17109,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,17111,17112,17114,17116,17118],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,17113,156],{"class":133},[84,17115,137],{"class":98},[84,17117,10044],{"class":146},[84,17119,150],{"class":98},[20,17121,17122],{},[53,17123,172],{},[75,17125,17127],{"className":77,"code":17126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,17128,17129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17130,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17132,10118],{"class":98},[84,17134,186],{"class":185},[84,17136,8508],{"class":189},[84,17138,186],{"class":185},[84,17140,3743],{"class":98},[84,17142,196],{"class":185},[84,17144,17099],{"class":189},[84,17146,186],{"class":185},[84,17148,10149],{"class":98},[20,17150,17151],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[995,17153,17155],{"id":17154},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[75,17157,17159],{"className":77,"code":17158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17160,17161,17169,17185,17201,17215,17219,17223],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17162,17163,17165,17167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17164,5911],{"class":90},[84,17166,95],{"class":94},[84,17168,12336],{"class":98},[84,17170,17171,17174,17176,17178,17181,17183],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17172,17173],{"class":102},"    1",[84,17175,3743],{"class":98},[84,17177,4211],{"class":185},[84,17179,17180],{"class":189},"low",[84,17182,3711],{"class":185},[84,17184,12357],{"class":98},[84,17186,17187,17190,17192,17194,17197,17199],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17188,17189],{"class":102},"    2",[84,17191,3743],{"class":98},[84,17193,4211],{"class":185},[84,17195,17196],{"class":189},"medium",[84,17198,3711],{"class":185},[84,17200,12357],{"class":98},[84,17202,17203,17206,17208,17210,17213],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17204,17205],{"class":102},"    3",[84,17207,3743],{"class":98},[84,17209,4211],{"class":185},[84,17211,17212],{"class":189},"high",[84,17214,4217],{"class":185},[84,17216,17217],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17218,10149],{"class":98},[84,17220,17221],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,17222,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,17224,17225,17227,17229,17232],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,17226,156],{"class":133},[84,17228,137],{"class":98},[84,17230,17231],{"class":146},"scores",[84,17233,150],{"class":98},[995,17235,17237],{"id":17236},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17239,17240],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17242,17243],{},"This will cause an error:",[75,17245,17247],{"className":77,"code":17246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17248,17249,17254,17259],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17250,17251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17252,17253],{"class":4517},"# bad = {\n",[84,17255,17256],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17257,17258],{"class":4517},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[84,17260,17261],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17262,17263],{"class":4517},"# }\n",[20,17265,17266],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[75,17268,17270],{"className":77,"code":17269,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17271,17272,17281,17301,17305,17309],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17273,17274,17277,17279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17275,17276],{"class":90},"good ",[84,17278,95],{"class":94},[84,17280,12336],{"class":98},[84,17282,17283,17286,17288,17290,17292,17295,17297,17299],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17284,17285],{"class":98},"    (",[84,17287,103],{"class":102},[84,17289,106],{"class":98},[84,17291,109],{"class":102},[84,17293,17294],{"class":98},"):",[84,17296,4211],{"class":185},[84,17298,535],{"class":189},[84,17300,4217],{"class":185},[84,17302,17303],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17304,10149],{"class":98},[84,17306,17307],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17308,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,17310,17311,17313,17315,17318],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17312,156],{"class":133},[84,17314,137],{"class":98},[84,17316,17317],{"class":146},"good",[84,17319,150],{"class":98},[70,17321,17323],{"id":17322},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17325,17326],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17328,17329],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,17331,17332,17335,17337,17340],{},[33,17333,17334],{},"user data",[33,17336,14729],{},[33,17338,17339],{},"counters",[33,17341,17342],{},"lookups",[20,17344,814],{},[75,17346,17348],{"className":77,"code":17347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17349,17350,17358,17377,17396,17408,17412,17416],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17351,17352,17354,17356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17353,12331],{"class":90},[84,17355,95],{"class":94},[84,17357,12336],{"class":98},[84,17359,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17373,17375],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17361,12341],{"class":185},[84,17363,8825],{"class":189},[84,17365,3711],{"class":185},[84,17367,3743],{"class":98},[84,17369,4211],{"class":185},[84,17371,17372],{"class":189},"ana123",[84,17374,3711],{"class":185},[84,17376,12357],{"class":98},[84,17378,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17392,17394],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17380,12341],{"class":185},[84,17382,16102],{"class":189},[84,17384,3711],{"class":185},[84,17386,3743],{"class":98},[84,17388,4211],{"class":185},[84,17390,17391],{"class":189},"ana@example.com",[84,17393,3711],{"class":185},[84,17395,12357],{"class":98},[84,17397,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17399,12341],{"class":185},[84,17401,13358],{"class":189},[84,17403,3711],{"class":185},[84,17405,3743],{"class":98},[84,17407,7263],{"class":4704},[84,17409,17410],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17411,10149],{"class":98},[84,17413,17414],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,17415,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,17417,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,17419,156],{"class":133},[84,17421,137],{"class":98},[84,17423,12425],{"class":146},[84,17425,182],{"class":98},[84,17427,3711],{"class":185},[84,17429,16102],{"class":189},[84,17431,3711],{"class":185},[84,17433,4737],{"class":98},[20,17435,17436,17437,307],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[303,17438,17440],{"href":17439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17442,17443],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,17445,17446,17449,17452],{},[33,17447,17448],{},"labels are not needed",[33,17450,17451],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,17453,17454],{},"order matters more than named fields",[70,17456,3686],{"id":3685},[20,17458,17459],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,17461,17462,17465,17468,17471,17474],{},[33,17463,17464],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,17466,17467],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,17469,17470],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,17472,17473],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,17475,17476,17477,17479],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17478,4644],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[995,17481,17483],{"id":17482},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17485,2155],{},[75,17487,17489],{"className":77,"code":17488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17490,17491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17492,17493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17494,17488],{"class":4517},[20,17496,2211],{},[75,17498,17500],{"className":77,"code":17499,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17501,17502,17526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17503,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17505,13706],{"class":90},[84,17507,95],{"class":94},[84,17509,11332],{"class":98},[84,17511,3711],{"class":185},[84,17513,8508],{"class":189},[84,17515,3711],{"class":185},[84,17517,3743],{"class":98},[84,17519,4211],{"class":185},[84,17521,13723],{"class":189},[84,17523,3711],{"class":185},[84,17525,10149],{"class":98},[84,17527,17528,17530,17532,17534],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17529,156],{"class":133},[84,17531,137],{"class":98},[84,17533,14470],{"class":146},[84,17535,150],{"class":98},[995,17537,17539],{"id":17538},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17541,2155],{},[75,17543,17545],{"className":77,"code":17544,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17546,17547],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17548,17549],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17550,17544],{"class":4517},[20,17552,17553,17554,17556,17557,17559],{},"This only works if ",[15,17555,8508],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17558,16083],{},", use quotes.",[20,17561,2211],{},[75,17563,17564],{"className":77,"code":17499,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,17565,17566,17590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17567,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17569,13706],{"class":90},[84,17571,95],{"class":94},[84,17573,11332],{"class":98},[84,17575,3711],{"class":185},[84,17577,8508],{"class":189},[84,17579,3711],{"class":185},[84,17581,3743],{"class":98},[84,17583,4211],{"class":185},[84,17585,13723],{"class":189},[84,17587,3711],{"class":185},[84,17589,10149],{"class":98},[84,17591,17592,17594,17596,17598],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17593,156],{"class":133},[84,17595,137],{"class":98},[84,17597,14470],{"class":146},[84,17599,150],{"class":98},[995,17601,17603],{"id":17602},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[75,17605,17607],{"className":77,"code":17606,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17608,17609,17641],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17610,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17612,10005],{"class":90},[84,17614,95],{"class":94},[84,17616,11332],{"class":98},[84,17618,3711],{"class":185},[84,17620,10139],{"class":189},[84,17622,3711],{"class":185},[84,17624,3743],{"class":98},[84,17626,442],{"class":102},[84,17628,106],{"class":98},[84,17630,4211],{"class":185},[84,17632,10139],{"class":189},[84,17634,3711],{"class":185},[84,17636,3743],{"class":98},[84,17638,447],{"class":102},[84,17640,10149],{"class":98},[84,17642,17643,17645,17647,17649],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17644,156],{"class":133},[84,17646,137],{"class":98},[84,17648,10044],{"class":146},[84,17650,150],{"class":98},[20,17652,17653],{},[53,17654,172],{},[75,17656,17658],{"className":77,"code":17657,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17659,17660],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17661,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17663,10118],{"class":98},[84,17665,186],{"class":185},[84,17667,10139],{"class":189},[84,17669,186],{"class":185},[84,17671,3743],{"class":98},[84,17673,447],{"class":102},[84,17675,10149],{"class":98},[70,17677,17679],{"id":17678},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17681,17682],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[75,17684,17686],{"className":77,"code":17685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17687,17688,17724,17728,17738,17752,17767,17781],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17689,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17691,12567],{"class":90},[84,17693,95],{"class":94},[84,17695,11332],{"class":98},[84,17697,3711],{"class":185},[84,17699,8508],{"class":189},[84,17701,3711],{"class":185},[84,17703,3743],{"class":98},[84,17705,4211],{"class":185},[84,17707,13723],{"class":189},[84,17709,3711],{"class":185},[84,17711,106],{"class":98},[84,17713,4211],{"class":185},[84,17715,10139],{"class":189},[84,17717,3711],{"class":185},[84,17719,3743],{"class":98},[84,17721,442],{"class":102},[84,17723,10149],{"class":98},[84,17725,17726],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17727,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,17729,17730,17732,17734,17736],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17731,156],{"class":133},[84,17733,137],{"class":98},[84,17735,12294],{"class":146},[84,17737,150],{"class":98},[84,17739,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17741,156],{"class":133},[84,17743,137],{"class":98},[84,17745,2624],{"class":140},[84,17747,137],{"class":98},[84,17749,12294],{"class":146},[84,17751,169],{"class":98},[84,17753,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17765],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17755,156],{"class":133},[84,17757,137],{"class":98},[84,17759,12294],{"class":146},[84,17761,307],{"class":98},[84,17763,17764],{"class":146},"keys",[84,17766,8033],{"class":98},[84,17768,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,17770,156],{"class":133},[84,17772,137],{"class":98},[84,17774,12294],{"class":146},[84,17776,307],{"class":98},[84,17778,6201],{"class":146},[84,17780,8033],{"class":98},[84,17782,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,17784,156],{"class":133},[84,17786,137],{"class":98},[84,17788,12005],{"class":133},[84,17790,137],{"class":98},[84,17792,12294],{"class":146},[84,17794,169],{"class":98},[20,17796,17797],{},[53,17798,17799],{},"Example output:",[75,17801,17803],{"className":77,"code":17802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17804,17805,17837,17851,17874,17893],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,17806,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,17808,10118],{"class":98},[84,17810,186],{"class":185},[84,17812,8508],{"class":189},[84,17814,186],{"class":185},[84,17816,3743],{"class":98},[84,17818,196],{"class":185},[84,17820,13723],{"class":189},[84,17822,186],{"class":185},[84,17824,106],{"class":98},[84,17826,196],{"class":185},[84,17828,10139],{"class":189},[84,17830,186],{"class":185},[84,17832,3743],{"class":98},[84,17834,442],{"class":102},[84,17836,10149],{"class":98},[84,17838,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,17840,1251],{"class":94},[84,17842,4152],{"class":614},[84,17844,196],{"class":185},[84,17846,9661],{"class":189},[84,17848,186],{"class":185},[84,17850,1270],{"class":94},[84,17852,17853,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,17854,17855],{"class":146},"dict_keys",[84,17857,3845],{"class":98},[84,17859,186],{"class":185},[84,17861,8508],{"class":189},[84,17863,186],{"class":185},[84,17865,106],{"class":98},[84,17867,196],{"class":185},[84,17869,10139],{"class":189},[84,17871,186],{"class":185},[84,17873,4737],{"class":98},[84,17875,17876,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,17877,17878],{"class":146},"dict_values",[84,17880,3845],{"class":98},[84,17882,186],{"class":185},[84,17884,13723],{"class":189},[84,17886,186],{"class":185},[84,17888,106],{"class":98},[84,17890,442],{"class":102},[84,17892,4737],{"class":98},[84,17894,17895],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,17896,1469],{"class":102},[20,17898,17899,17900,362,17906,17912,17913,307],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[303,17901,11579,17903],{"href":17902},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17904,17905],{},"keys()",[303,17907,11579,17909],{"href":17908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17910,17911],{},"values()",", and ",[303,17914,11579,17916],{"href":17915},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17917,17918],{},"items()",[70,17920,2694],{"id":2693},[995,17922,17924],{"id":17923},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17926,224,17927,3736,17929,17931],{},[15,17928,4644],{},[15,17930,9959],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[995,17933,17935],{"id":17934},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17937,17938,17939,307],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17940,17941],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[995,17943,17945],{"id":17944},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17947,17948],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[995,17950,17952],{"id":17951},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17954,17955],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[995,17957,6024,17959,5241,17961,3348],{"id":17958},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17960,4644],{},[15,17962,9959],{},[20,17964,17965,17967,17968,17970],{},[15,17966,4644],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17969,9959],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[70,17972,2751],{"id":2750},[30,17974,17975,17979,17985,17989,17995],{},[33,17976,17977],{},[303,17978,9995],{"href":9994},[33,17980,17981],{},[303,17982,11579,17983,11583],{"href":11578},[15,17984,11582],{},[33,17986,17987],{},[303,17988,12095],{"href":11573},[33,17990,17991],{},[303,17992,17994],{"href":17993},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,17996,17997],{},[303,17998,12106],{"href":11917},[20,18000,18001],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2785,18003,18004],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":18006},[18007,18008,18009,18010,18013,18016,18021,18022,18027,18028,18033,18034,18042],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":16023,"depth":125,"text":16011},{"id":16108,"depth":125,"text":16109,"children":18011},[18012],{"id":16260,"depth":153,"text":16261},{"id":10242,"depth":125,"text":10243,"children":18014},[18015],{"id":16439,"depth":153,"text":16440},{"id":16552,"depth":125,"text":18017,"children":18018},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[18019],{"id":16677,"depth":153,"text":18020},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10284,"depth":125,"text":10285},{"id":17031,"depth":125,"text":17032,"children":18023},[18024,18025,18026],{"id":17052,"depth":153,"text":17053},{"id":17154,"depth":153,"text":17155},{"id":17236,"depth":153,"text":17237},{"id":17322,"depth":125,"text":17323},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":18029},[18030,18031,18032],{"id":17482,"depth":153,"text":17483},{"id":17538,"depth":153,"text":17539},{"id":17602,"depth":153,"text":17603},{"id":17678,"depth":125,"text":17679},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":18035},[18036,18037,18038,18039,18040],{"id":17923,"depth":153,"text":17924},{"id":17934,"depth":153,"text":17935},{"id":17944,"depth":153,"text":17945},{"id":17951,"depth":153,"text":17952},{"id":17958,"depth":153,"text":18041},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15848,"description":18043},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":18049,"title":18050,"body":18051,"description":20502,"extension":2830,"meta":20503,"navigation":472,"path":20504,"seo":20505,"stem":20506,"__hash__":20507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":18052,"toc":20458},[18053,18059,18065,18068,18071,18073,18155,18161,18166,18170,18188,18200,18205,18209,18232,18236,18248,18256,18260,18266,18268,18271,18346,18348,18393,18395,18412,18417,18423,18428,18502,18504,18549,18552,18563,18565,18684,18686,18739,18746,18750,18753,18770,18776,18780,18878,18880,18932,18939,18943,18949,18952,18955,18982,18987,18991,18994,19098,19100,19145,19148,19151,19156,19161,19172,19174,19235,19295,19301,19309,19315,19320,19325,19385,19389,19456,19459,19463,19534,19537,19550,19557,19559,19563,19567,19638,19640,19677,19680,19683,19746,19753,19756,19798,19808,19811,19880,19886,19891,19975,19977,20026,20033,20039,20084,20086,20119,20124,20128,20134,20173,20217,20285,20328,20330,20336,20339,20343,20348,20352,20355,20359,20361,20422,20424,20450,20455],[10,18054,12162,18056,12166],{"id":18055},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,18057,18058],{},"fromkeys()",[20,18060,18061,18064],{},[15,18062,18063],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,18066,18067],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,18069,18070],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[70,18072,73],{"id":72},[75,18074,18076],{"className":77,"code":18075,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,18077,18078,18111,18139,18150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18079,18080,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18081,18082],{"class":90},"keys ",[84,18084,95],{"class":94},[84,18086,99],{"class":98},[84,18088,3711],{"class":185},[84,18090,8508],{"class":189},[84,18092,3711],{"class":185},[84,18094,106],{"class":98},[84,18096,4211],{"class":185},[84,18098,10139],{"class":189},[84,18100,3711],{"class":185},[84,18102,106],{"class":98},[84,18104,4211],{"class":185},[84,18106,11250],{"class":189},[84,18108,3711],{"class":185},[84,18110,122],{"class":98},[84,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18135,18137],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,18114,14048],{"class":90},[84,18116,95],{"class":94},[84,18118,10010],{"class":140},[84,18120,307],{"class":98},[84,18122,18123],{"class":146},"fromkeys",[84,18125,137],{"class":98},[84,18127,17764],{"class":146},[84,18129,106],{"class":98},[84,18131,4211],{"class":185},[84,18133,18134],{"class":189},"unknown",[84,18136,3711],{"class":185},[84,18138,150],{"class":98},[84,18140,18141,18143,18145,18148],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,18142,156],{"class":133},[84,18144,137],{"class":98},[84,18146,18147],{"class":146},"person",[84,18149,150],{"class":98},[84,18151,18152],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,18153,18154],{"class":4517},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,18156,224,18157,18160],{},[15,18158,18159],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[70,18162,235,18164,238],{"id":18163},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,18165,18063],{},[20,18167,18168,3743],{},[15,18169,18063],{},[30,18171,18172,18175,18178,18181],{},[33,18173,18174],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,18176,18177],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,18179,18180],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,18182,18183,18184,18187],{},"Is called as ",[15,18185,18186],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,18189,18190,18191,18193,18194,18196,18197,307],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,18192,9661],{},", so you write ",[15,18195,18186],{}," instead of something like ",[15,18198,18199],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,18201,18202,18203,307],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[303,18204,9995],{"href":13866},[70,18206,18208],{"id":18207},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[75,18210,18212],{"className":77,"code":18211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,18213,18214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18215,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18217,9661],{"class":140},[84,18219,307],{"class":98},[84,18221,18123],{"class":146},[84,18223,137],{"class":98},[84,18225,249],{"class":146},[84,18227,106],{"class":98},[84,18229,9271],{"class":146},[84,18231,150],{"class":98},[995,18233,18235],{"id":18234},"parameters","Parameters",[30,18237,18238,18243],{},[33,18239,18240,18242],{},[15,18241,249],{},": the keys to use",[33,18244,18245,18247],{},[15,18246,3329],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18249,18250,18251,18253,18254,307],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18252,3329],{},", each key gets ",[15,18255,4630],{},[995,18257,18259],{"id":18258},"return-value","Return value",[20,18261,18262,18263,307],{},"It returns a ",[53,18264,18265],{},"new dictionary",[70,18267,6631],{"id":6630},[20,18269,18270],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[75,18272,18274],{"className":77,"code":18273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18275,18276,18309,18331,18335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18277,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18279,18082],{"class":90},[84,18281,95],{"class":94},[84,18283,99],{"class":98},[84,18285,3711],{"class":185},[84,18287,13936],{"class":189},[84,18289,3711],{"class":185},[84,18291,106],{"class":98},[84,18293,4211],{"class":185},[84,18295,18296],{"class":189},"green",[84,18298,3711],{"class":185},[84,18300,106],{"class":98},[84,18302,4211],{"class":185},[84,18304,13953],{"class":189},[84,18306,3711],{"class":185},[84,18308,122],{"class":98},[84,18310,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,18312,13919],{"class":90},[84,18314,95],{"class":94},[84,18316,10010],{"class":140},[84,18318,307],{"class":98},[84,18320,18123],{"class":146},[84,18322,137],{"class":98},[84,18324,17764],{"class":146},[84,18326,106],{"class":98},[84,18328,4685],{"class":102},[84,18330,150],{"class":98},[84,18332,18333],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,18334,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18336,18337,18339,18341,18344],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,18338,156],{"class":133},[84,18340,137],{"class":98},[84,18342,18343],{"class":146},"colors",[84,18345,150],{"class":98},[20,18347,172],{},[75,18349,18351],{"className":77,"code":18350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18352,18353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18354,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18356,10118],{"class":98},[84,18358,186],{"class":185},[84,18360,13936],{"class":189},[84,18362,186],{"class":185},[84,18364,3743],{"class":98},[84,18366,4685],{"class":102},[84,18368,106],{"class":98},[84,18370,196],{"class":185},[84,18372,18296],{"class":189},[84,18374,186],{"class":185},[84,18376,3743],{"class":98},[84,18378,4685],{"class":102},[84,18380,106],{"class":98},[84,18382,196],{"class":185},[84,18384,13953],{"class":189},[84,18386,186],{"class":185},[84,18388,3743],{"class":98},[84,18390,4685],{"class":102},[84,18392,10149],{"class":98},[20,18394,528],{},[30,18396,18397,18402,18407],{},[33,18398,18399,18401],{},[15,18400,17764],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,18403,18404,18406],{},[15,18405,2983],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,18408,18409,18411],{},[15,18410,18063],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18413,18414,18415,307],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[303,18416,10232],{"href":13869},[70,18418,595,18420,18422],{"id":18419},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18421,18058],{}," without a value",[20,18424,18425,18426,307],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18427,4630],{},[75,18429,18431],{"className":77,"code":18430,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18432,18433,18467,18487,18491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18434,18435,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18463,18465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18436,18437],{"class":90},"fields ",[84,18439,95],{"class":94},[84,18441,99],{"class":98},[84,18443,3711],{"class":185},[84,18445,8825],{"class":189},[84,18447,3711],{"class":185},[84,18449,106],{"class":98},[84,18451,4211],{"class":185},[84,18453,16102],{"class":189},[84,18455,3711],{"class":185},[84,18457,106],{"class":98},[84,18459,4211],{"class":185},[84,18461,18462],{"class":189},"password",[84,18464,3711],{"class":185},[84,18466,122],{"class":98},[84,18468,18469,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18485],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,18470,18471],{"class":90},"user_data ",[84,18473,95],{"class":94},[84,18475,10010],{"class":140},[84,18477,307],{"class":98},[84,18479,18123],{"class":146},[84,18481,137],{"class":98},[84,18483,18484],{"class":146},"fields",[84,18486,150],{"class":98},[84,18488,18489],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,18490,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18492,18493,18495,18497,18500],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,18494,156],{"class":133},[84,18496,137],{"class":98},[84,18498,18499],{"class":146},"user_data",[84,18501,150],{"class":98},[20,18503,172],{},[75,18505,18507],{"className":77,"code":18506,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18508,18509],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18510,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18512,10118],{"class":98},[84,18514,186],{"class":185},[84,18516,8825],{"class":189},[84,18518,186],{"class":185},[84,18520,3743],{"class":98},[84,18522,4705],{"class":4704},[84,18524,106],{"class":98},[84,18526,196],{"class":185},[84,18528,16102],{"class":189},[84,18530,186],{"class":185},[84,18532,3743],{"class":98},[84,18534,4705],{"class":4704},[84,18536,106],{"class":98},[84,18538,196],{"class":185},[84,18540,18462],{"class":189},[84,18542,186],{"class":185},[84,18544,3743],{"class":98},[84,18546,4705],{"class":4704},[84,18548,10149],{"class":98},[20,18550,18551],{},"This is useful when:",[30,18553,18554,18557,18560],{},[33,18555,18556],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,18558,18559],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,18561,18562],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18564,814],{},[75,18566,18568],{"className":77,"code":18567,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18569,18570,18602,18620,18624,18647,18670,18674],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18571,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18573,18437],{"class":90},[84,18575,95],{"class":94},[84,18577,99],{"class":98},[84,18579,3711],{"class":185},[84,18581,8825],{"class":189},[84,18583,3711],{"class":185},[84,18585,106],{"class":98},[84,18587,4211],{"class":185},[84,18589,16102],{"class":189},[84,18591,3711],{"class":185},[84,18593,106],{"class":98},[84,18595,4211],{"class":185},[84,18597,18462],{"class":189},[84,18599,3711],{"class":185},[84,18601,122],{"class":98},[84,18603,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,18605,18471],{"class":90},[84,18607,95],{"class":94},[84,18609,10010],{"class":140},[84,18611,307],{"class":98},[84,18613,18123],{"class":146},[84,18615,137],{"class":98},[84,18617,18484],{"class":146},[84,18619,150],{"class":98},[84,18621,18622],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,18623,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18625,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18645],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,18627,18499],{"class":90},[84,18629,182],{"class":98},[84,18631,3711],{"class":185},[84,18633,8825],{"class":189},[84,18635,3711],{"class":185},[84,18637,14117],{"class":98},[84,18639,14120],{"class":94},[84,18641,4211],{"class":185},[84,18643,18644],{"class":189},"alice",[84,18646,4217],{"class":185},[84,18648,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18668],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,18650,18499],{"class":90},[84,18652,182],{"class":98},[84,18654,3711],{"class":185},[84,18656,16102],{"class":189},[84,18658,3711],{"class":185},[84,18660,14117],{"class":98},[84,18662,14120],{"class":94},[84,18664,4211],{"class":185},[84,18666,18667],{"class":189},"alice@example.com",[84,18669,4217],{"class":185},[84,18671,18672],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,18673,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18675,18676,18678,18680,18682],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,18677,156],{"class":133},[84,18679,137],{"class":98},[84,18681,18499],{"class":146},[84,18683,150],{"class":98},[20,18685,172],{},[75,18687,18689],{"className":77,"code":18688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18690,18691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18692,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18694,10118],{"class":98},[84,18696,186],{"class":185},[84,18698,8825],{"class":189},[84,18700,186],{"class":185},[84,18702,3743],{"class":98},[84,18704,196],{"class":185},[84,18706,18644],{"class":189},[84,18708,186],{"class":185},[84,18710,106],{"class":98},[84,18712,196],{"class":185},[84,18714,16102],{"class":189},[84,18716,186],{"class":185},[84,18718,3743],{"class":98},[84,18720,196],{"class":185},[84,18722,18667],{"class":189},[84,18724,186],{"class":185},[84,18726,106],{"class":98},[84,18728,196],{"class":185},[84,18730,18462],{"class":189},[84,18732,186],{"class":185},[84,18734,3743],{"class":98},[84,18736,4705],{"class":4704},[84,18738,10149],{"class":98},[20,18740,18741,18742,307],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[303,18743,18745],{"href":18744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[70,18747,18749],{"id":18748},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18751,18752],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,18754,18755,18760,18765],{},[33,18756,18757,18759],{},[15,18758,4639],{}," (list)",[33,18761,18762,18764],{},[15,18763,4644],{}," (dictionary)",[33,18766,18767,18769],{},[15,18768,4649],{}," (set)",[20,18771,18772,18773,307],{},"All keys will point to the ",[53,18774,18775],{},"same object",[995,18777,18779],{"id":18778},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[75,18781,18783],{"className":77,"code":18782,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18784,18785,18817,18838,18842,18864,18868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18786,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18788,18082],{"class":90},[84,18790,95],{"class":94},[84,18792,99],{"class":98},[84,18794,3711],{"class":185},[84,18796,303],{"class":189},[84,18798,3711],{"class":185},[84,18800,106],{"class":98},[84,18802,4211],{"class":185},[84,18804,5608],{"class":189},[84,18806,3711],{"class":185},[84,18808,106],{"class":98},[84,18810,4211],{"class":185},[84,18812,10580],{"class":189},[84,18814,3711],{"class":185},[84,18816,122],{"class":98},[84,18818,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,18820,10005],{"class":90},[84,18822,95],{"class":94},[84,18824,10010],{"class":140},[84,18826,307],{"class":98},[84,18828,18123],{"class":146},[84,18830,137],{"class":98},[84,18832,17764],{"class":146},[84,18834,106],{"class":98},[84,18836,18837],{"class":98}," [])\n",[84,18839,18840],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,18841,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18843,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,18845,10044],{"class":90},[84,18847,182],{"class":98},[84,18849,3711],{"class":185},[84,18851,303],{"class":189},[84,18853,3711],{"class":185},[84,18855,14394],{"class":98},[84,18857,14397],{"class":146},[84,18859,137],{"class":98},[84,18861,103],{"class":102},[84,18863,150],{"class":98},[84,18865,18866],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,18867,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,18869,18870,18872,18874,18876],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,18871,156],{"class":133},[84,18873,137],{"class":98},[84,18875,10044],{"class":146},[84,18877,150],{"class":98},[20,18879,172],{},[75,18881,18883],{"className":77,"code":18882,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18884,18885],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18886,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18888,10118],{"class":98},[84,18890,186],{"class":185},[84,18892,303],{"class":189},[84,18894,186],{"class":185},[84,18896,3743],{"class":98},[84,18898,99],{"class":98},[84,18900,103],{"class":102},[84,18902,18903],{"class":98},"],",[84,18905,196],{"class":185},[84,18907,5608],{"class":189},[84,18909,186],{"class":185},[84,18911,3743],{"class":98},[84,18913,99],{"class":98},[84,18915,103],{"class":102},[84,18917,18903],{"class":98},[84,18919,196],{"class":185},[84,18921,10580],{"class":189},[84,18923,186],{"class":185},[84,18925,3743],{"class":98},[84,18927,99],{"class":98},[84,18929,103],{"class":102},[84,18931,14550],{"class":98},[20,18933,18934,18935,18938],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18936,18937],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[995,18940,18942],{"id":18941},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18944,18945,18948],{},[15,18946,18947],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18950,18951],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18953,18954],{},"So this:",[75,18956,18958],{"className":77,"code":18957,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18959,18960],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,18961,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,18963,10044],{"class":90},[84,18965,182],{"class":98},[84,18967,3711],{"class":185},[84,18969,303],{"class":189},[84,18971,3711],{"class":185},[84,18973,14394],{"class":98},[84,18975,14397],{"class":146},[84,18977,137],{"class":98},[84,18979,103],{"class":102},[84,18981,150],{"class":98},[20,18983,18984,18985,307],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18986,18937],{},[995,18988,18990],{"id":18989},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18992,18993],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[75,18995,18997],{"className":77,"code":18996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18998,18999,19031,19058,19062,19084,19088],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19002,18082],{"class":90},[84,19004,95],{"class":94},[84,19006,99],{"class":98},[84,19008,3711],{"class":185},[84,19010,303],{"class":189},[84,19012,3711],{"class":185},[84,19014,106],{"class":98},[84,19016,4211],{"class":185},[84,19018,5608],{"class":189},[84,19020,3711],{"class":185},[84,19022,106],{"class":98},[84,19024,4211],{"class":185},[84,19026,10580],{"class":189},[84,19028,3711],{"class":185},[84,19030,122],{"class":98},[84,19032,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19046,19048,19051,19053,19056],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19034,10005],{"class":90},[84,19036,95],{"class":94},[84,19038,11332],{"class":98},[84,19040,15685],{"class":90},[84,19042,3743],{"class":98},[84,19044,19045],{"class":98}," []",[84,19047,1973],{"class":633},[84,19049,19050],{"class":90}," key ",[84,19052,1434],{"class":633},[84,19054,19055],{"class":90}," keys",[84,19057,10149],{"class":98},[84,19059,19060],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19061,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,19065,10044],{"class":90},[84,19067,182],{"class":98},[84,19069,3711],{"class":185},[84,19071,303],{"class":189},[84,19073,3711],{"class":185},[84,19075,14394],{"class":98},[84,19077,14397],{"class":146},[84,19079,137],{"class":98},[84,19081,103],{"class":102},[84,19083,150],{"class":98},[84,19085,19086],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,19087,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,19089,19090,19092,19094,19096],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,19091,156],{"class":133},[84,19093,137],{"class":98},[84,19095,10044],{"class":146},[84,19097,150],{"class":98},[20,19099,172],{},[75,19101,19103],{"className":77,"code":19102,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,19104,19105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19106,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19108,10118],{"class":98},[84,19110,186],{"class":185},[84,19112,303],{"class":189},[84,19114,186],{"class":185},[84,19116,3743],{"class":98},[84,19118,99],{"class":98},[84,19120,103],{"class":102},[84,19122,18903],{"class":98},[84,19124,196],{"class":185},[84,19126,5608],{"class":189},[84,19128,186],{"class":185},[84,19130,3743],{"class":98},[84,19132,19133],{"class":98}," [],",[84,19135,196],{"class":185},[84,19137,10580],{"class":189},[84,19139,186],{"class":185},[84,19141,3743],{"class":98},[84,19143,19144],{"class":98}," []}\n",[20,19146,19147],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,19149,19150],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[70,19152,1741,19154],{"id":19153},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,19155,18058],{},[20,19157,19158,19160],{},[15,19159,18063],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,19162,19163,19166,19169],{},[33,19164,19165],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,19167,19168],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,19170,19171],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,19173,2989],{},[75,19175,19177],{"className":77,"code":19176,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,19178,19179,19224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19180,19181,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19216,19218,19220,19222],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19182,19183],{"class":90},"flags ",[84,19185,95],{"class":94},[84,19187,10010],{"class":140},[84,19189,307],{"class":98},[84,19191,18123],{"class":146},[84,19193,3845],{"class":98},[84,19195,3711],{"class":185},[84,19197,19198],{"class":189},"is_admin",[84,19200,3711],{"class":185},[84,19202,106],{"class":98},[84,19204,4211],{"class":185},[84,19206,15922],{"class":189},[84,19208,3711],{"class":185},[84,19210,106],{"class":98},[84,19212,4211],{"class":185},[84,19214,19215],{"class":189},"is_verified",[84,19217,3711],{"class":185},[84,19219,18903],{"class":98},[84,19221,4755],{"class":4704},[84,19223,150],{"class":98},[84,19225,19226,19228,19230,19233],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19227,156],{"class":133},[84,19229,137],{"class":98},[84,19231,19232],{"class":146},"flags",[84,19234,150],{"class":98},[75,19236,19238],{"className":77,"code":19237,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19239,19240,19285],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19241,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19259,19261,19263,19265,19268,19270,19272,19274,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19243,5911],{"class":90},[84,19245,95],{"class":94},[84,19247,10010],{"class":140},[84,19249,307],{"class":98},[84,19251,18123],{"class":146},[84,19253,3845],{"class":98},[84,19255,3711],{"class":185},[84,19257,19258],{"class":189},"math",[84,19260,3711],{"class":185},[84,19262,106],{"class":98},[84,19264,4211],{"class":185},[84,19266,19267],{"class":189},"science",[84,19269,3711],{"class":185},[84,19271,106],{"class":98},[84,19273,4211],{"class":185},[84,19275,19276],{"class":189},"history",[84,19278,3711],{"class":185},[84,19280,18903],{"class":98},[84,19282,4685],{"class":102},[84,19284,150],{"class":98},[84,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19288,156],{"class":133},[84,19290,137],{"class":98},[84,19292,17231],{"class":146},[84,19294,150],{"class":98},[20,19296,19297,19298,19300],{},"It is ",[53,19299,55],{}," the best choice when:",[30,19302,19303,19306],{},[33,19304,19305],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,19307,19308],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[70,19310,19312,19314],{"id":19311},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19313,18058],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19316,19317,19319],{},[15,19318,18058],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[995,19321,595,19323],{"id":19322},"using-fromkeys",[15,19324,18058],{},[75,19326,19328],{"className":77,"code":19327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19329,19330,19375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19331,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19349,19351,19353,19355,19358,19360,19362,19364,19367,19369,19371,19373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19333,14670],{"class":90},[84,19335,95],{"class":94},[84,19337,10010],{"class":140},[84,19339,307],{"class":98},[84,19341,18123],{"class":146},[84,19343,3845],{"class":98},[84,19345,3711],{"class":185},[84,19347,19348],{"class":189},"sound",[84,19350,3711],{"class":185},[84,19352,106],{"class":98},[84,19354,4211],{"class":185},[84,19356,19357],{"class":189},"music",[84,19359,3711],{"class":185},[84,19361,106],{"class":98},[84,19363,4211],{"class":185},[84,19365,19366],{"class":189},"notifications",[84,19368,3711],{"class":185},[84,19370,18903],{"class":98},[84,19372,4764],{"class":4704},[84,19374,150],{"class":98},[84,19376,19377,19379,19381,19383],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19378,156],{"class":133},[84,19380,137],{"class":98},[84,19382,14729],{"class":146},[84,19384,150],{"class":98},[995,19386,19388],{"id":19387},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[75,19390,19392],{"className":77,"code":19391,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19393,19394,19402,19416,19430,19442,19446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19395,19396,19398,19400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19397,14670],{"class":90},[84,19399,95],{"class":94},[84,19401,12336],{"class":98},[84,19403,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19405,12341],{"class":185},[84,19407,19348],{"class":189},[84,19409,3711],{"class":185},[84,19411,3743],{"class":98},[84,19413,4764],{"class":4704},[84,19415,12357],{"class":98},[84,19417,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19419,12341],{"class":185},[84,19421,19357],{"class":189},[84,19423,3711],{"class":185},[84,19425,3743],{"class":98},[84,19427,4755],{"class":4704},[84,19429,12357],{"class":98},[84,19431,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,19433,12341],{"class":185},[84,19435,19366],{"class":189},[84,19437,3711],{"class":185},[84,19439,3743],{"class":98},[84,19441,7263],{"class":4704},[84,19443,19444],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,19445,10149],{"class":98},[84,19447,19448,19450,19452,19454],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,19449,156],{"class":133},[84,19451,137],{"class":98},[84,19453,14729],{"class":146},[84,19455,150],{"class":98},[20,19457,19458],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[995,19460,19462],{"id":19461},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[75,19464,19466],{"className":77,"code":19465,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19467,19468,19500,19524],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19469,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19471,18082],{"class":90},[84,19473,95],{"class":94},[84,19475,99],{"class":98},[84,19477,3711],{"class":185},[84,19479,303],{"class":189},[84,19481,3711],{"class":185},[84,19483,106],{"class":98},[84,19485,4211],{"class":185},[84,19487,5608],{"class":189},[84,19489,3711],{"class":185},[84,19491,106],{"class":98},[84,19493,4211],{"class":185},[84,19495,10580],{"class":189},[84,19497,3711],{"class":185},[84,19499,122],{"class":98},[84,19501,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19503,10005],{"class":90},[84,19505,95],{"class":94},[84,19507,11332],{"class":98},[84,19509,15685],{"class":90},[84,19511,3743],{"class":98},[84,19513,19045],{"class":98},[84,19515,1973],{"class":633},[84,19517,19050],{"class":90},[84,19519,1434],{"class":633},[84,19521,19055],{"class":90},[84,19523,10149],{"class":98},[84,19525,19526,19528,19530,19532],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19527,156],{"class":133},[84,19529,137],{"class":98},[84,19531,10044],{"class":146},[84,19533,150],{"class":98},[20,19535,19536],{},"Use:",[30,19538,19539,19544,19547],{},[33,19540,19541,19543],{},[15,19542,18058],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,19545,19546],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,19548,19549],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19551,19552,19553,307],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[303,19554,11579,19555,11583],{"href":14877},[15,19556,15797],{},[70,19558,3686],{"id":3685},[20,19560,15577,19561,307],{},[15,19562,18063],{},[995,19564,19566],{"id":19565},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[75,19568,19570],{"className":77,"code":19569,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19571,19572,19605,19628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19573,19574,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19575,19576],{"class":90},"d ",[84,19578,95],{"class":94},[84,19580,10010],{"class":140},[84,19582,307],{"class":98},[84,19584,18123],{"class":146},[84,19586,3845],{"class":98},[84,19588,3711],{"class":185},[84,19590,303],{"class":189},[84,19592,3711],{"class":185},[84,19594,106],{"class":98},[84,19596,4211],{"class":185},[84,19598,5608],{"class":189},[84,19600,3711],{"class":185},[84,19602,18903],{"class":98},[84,19604,18837],{"class":98},[84,19606,19607,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19608,19609],{"class":90},"d",[84,19611,182],{"class":98},[84,19613,3711],{"class":185},[84,19615,303],{"class":189},[84,19617,3711],{"class":185},[84,19619,14394],{"class":98},[84,19621,14397],{"class":146},[84,19623,137],{"class":98},[84,19625,103],{"class":102},[84,19627,150],{"class":98},[84,19629,19630,19632,19634,19636],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19631,156],{"class":133},[84,19633,137],{"class":98},[84,19635,19609],{"class":146},[84,19637,150],{"class":98},[20,19639,172],{},[75,19641,19643],{"className":77,"code":19642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19644,19645],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19646,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19648,10118],{"class":98},[84,19650,186],{"class":185},[84,19652,303],{"class":189},[84,19654,186],{"class":185},[84,19656,3743],{"class":98},[84,19658,99],{"class":98},[84,19660,103],{"class":102},[84,19662,18903],{"class":98},[84,19664,196],{"class":185},[84,19666,5608],{"class":189},[84,19668,186],{"class":185},[84,19670,3743],{"class":98},[84,19672,99],{"class":98},[84,19674,103],{"class":102},[84,19676,14550],{"class":98},[20,19678,19679],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19681,19682],{},"Use this instead:",[75,19684,19686],{"className":77,"code":19685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19687,19688,19712,19736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19689,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19691,18082],{"class":90},[84,19693,95],{"class":94},[84,19695,99],{"class":98},[84,19697,3711],{"class":185},[84,19699,303],{"class":189},[84,19701,3711],{"class":185},[84,19703,106],{"class":98},[84,19705,4211],{"class":185},[84,19707,5608],{"class":189},[84,19709,3711],{"class":185},[84,19711,122],{"class":98},[84,19713,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19715,19576],{"class":90},[84,19717,95],{"class":94},[84,19719,11332],{"class":98},[84,19721,15685],{"class":90},[84,19723,3743],{"class":98},[84,19725,19045],{"class":98},[84,19727,1973],{"class":633},[84,19729,19050],{"class":90},[84,19731,1434],{"class":633},[84,19733,19055],{"class":90},[84,19735,10149],{"class":98},[84,19737,19738,19740,19742,19744],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19739,156],{"class":133},[84,19741,137],{"class":98},[84,19743,19609],{"class":146},[84,19745,150],{"class":98},[995,19747,19749,19750,19752],{"id":19748},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19751,18058],{}," on a list",[20,19754,19755],{},"Wrong idea:",[75,19757,19759],{"className":77,"code":19758,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19760,19761,19793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19762,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19764,18082],{"class":90},[84,19766,95],{"class":94},[84,19768,99],{"class":98},[84,19770,3711],{"class":185},[84,19772,303],{"class":189},[84,19774,3711],{"class":185},[84,19776,106],{"class":98},[84,19778,4211],{"class":185},[84,19780,5608],{"class":189},[84,19782,3711],{"class":185},[84,19784,106],{"class":98},[84,19786,4211],{"class":185},[84,19788,10580],{"class":189},[84,19790,3711],{"class":185},[84,19792,122],{"class":98},[84,19794,19795],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19796,19797],{"class":4517},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19799,19800,19802,19803,19805,19806,307],{},[15,19801,18058],{}," belongs to ",[15,19804,9661],{},", not ",[15,19807,161],{},[20,19809,19810],{},"Correct usage:",[75,19812,19814],{"className":77,"code":19813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19815,19816,19848,19870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19819,18082],{"class":90},[84,19821,95],{"class":94},[84,19823,99],{"class":98},[84,19825,3711],{"class":185},[84,19827,303],{"class":189},[84,19829,3711],{"class":185},[84,19831,106],{"class":98},[84,19833,4211],{"class":185},[84,19835,5608],{"class":189},[84,19837,3711],{"class":185},[84,19839,106],{"class":98},[84,19841,4211],{"class":185},[84,19843,10580],{"class":189},[84,19845,3711],{"class":185},[84,19847,122],{"class":98},[84,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19851,19576],{"class":90},[84,19853,95],{"class":94},[84,19855,10010],{"class":140},[84,19857,307],{"class":98},[84,19859,18123],{"class":146},[84,19861,137],{"class":98},[84,19863,17764],{"class":146},[84,19865,106],{"class":98},[84,19867,4685],{"class":102},[84,19869,150],{"class":98},[84,19871,19872,19874,19876,19878],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19873,156],{"class":133},[84,19875,137],{"class":98},[84,19877,19609],{"class":146},[84,19879,150],{"class":98},[995,19881,9291,19883,19885],{"id":19882},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19884,18058],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19887,19888,19890],{},[15,19889,18063],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[75,19892,19894],{"className":77,"code":19893,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19895,19896,19916,19950,19954,19964],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19897,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19899,12929],{"class":90},[84,19901,95],{"class":94},[84,19903,11332],{"class":98},[84,19905,3711],{"class":185},[84,19907,625],{"class":189},[84,19909,3711],{"class":185},[84,19911,3743],{"class":98},[84,19913,6341],{"class":102},[84,19915,10149],{"class":98},[84,19917,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,19919,13881],{"class":90},[84,19921,95],{"class":94},[84,19923,10010],{"class":140},[84,19925,307],{"class":98},[84,19927,18123],{"class":146},[84,19929,3845],{"class":98},[84,19931,3711],{"class":185},[84,19933,303],{"class":189},[84,19935,3711],{"class":185},[84,19937,106],{"class":98},[84,19939,4211],{"class":185},[84,19941,5608],{"class":189},[84,19943,3711],{"class":185},[84,19945,18903],{"class":98},[84,19947,4685],{"class":102},[84,19949,150],{"class":98},[84,19951,19952],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,19953,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,19955,19956,19958,19960,19962],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,19957,156],{"class":133},[84,19959,137],{"class":98},[84,19961,12976],{"class":146},[84,19963,150],{"class":98},[84,19965,19966,19968,19970,19973],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,19967,156],{"class":133},[84,19969,137],{"class":98},[84,19971,19972],{"class":146},"new_dict",[84,19974,150],{"class":98},[20,19976,172],{},[75,19978,19980],{"className":77,"code":19979,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19981,19982,19998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,19983,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,19985,10118],{"class":98},[84,19987,186],{"class":185},[84,19989,625],{"class":189},[84,19991,186],{"class":185},[84,19993,3743],{"class":98},[84,19995,6341],{"class":102},[84,19997,10149],{"class":98},[84,19999,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20001,10118],{"class":98},[84,20003,186],{"class":185},[84,20005,303],{"class":189},[84,20007,186],{"class":185},[84,20009,3743],{"class":98},[84,20011,4685],{"class":102},[84,20013,106],{"class":98},[84,20015,196],{"class":185},[84,20017,5608],{"class":189},[84,20019,186],{"class":185},[84,20021,3743],{"class":98},[84,20023,4685],{"class":102},[84,20025,10149],{"class":98},[20,20027,20028,20029,307],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[303,20030,11579,20031,11583],{"href":14877},[15,20032,15797],{},[995,20034,20036,20037],{"id":20035},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,20038,4630],{},[75,20040,20042],{"className":77,"code":20041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,20043,20044,20074],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20045,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20047,19576],{"class":90},[84,20049,95],{"class":94},[84,20051,10010],{"class":140},[84,20053,307],{"class":98},[84,20055,18123],{"class":146},[84,20057,3845],{"class":98},[84,20059,3711],{"class":185},[84,20061,625],{"class":189},[84,20063,3711],{"class":185},[84,20065,106],{"class":98},[84,20067,4211],{"class":185},[84,20069,12588],{"class":189},[84,20071,3711],{"class":185},[84,20073,4737],{"class":98},[84,20075,20076,20078,20080,20082],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20077,156],{"class":133},[84,20079,137],{"class":98},[84,20081,19609],{"class":146},[84,20083,150],{"class":98},[20,20085,172],{},[75,20087,20089],{"className":77,"code":20088,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,20090,20091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20092,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20094,10118],{"class":98},[84,20096,186],{"class":185},[84,20098,625],{"class":189},[84,20100,186],{"class":185},[84,20102,3743],{"class":98},[84,20104,4705],{"class":4704},[84,20106,106],{"class":98},[84,20108,196],{"class":185},[84,20110,12588],{"class":189},[84,20112,186],{"class":185},[84,20114,3743],{"class":98},[84,20116,4705],{"class":4704},[84,20118,10149],{"class":98},[20,20120,20121,20122,307],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,20123,4630],{},[70,20125,20127],{"id":20126},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,20129,20130,20131,20133],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,20132,18058],{}," works.",[75,20135,20137],{"className":77,"code":20136,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,20138,20139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20140,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20142,156],{"class":133},[84,20144,137],{"class":98},[84,20146,9661],{"class":140},[84,20148,307],{"class":98},[84,20150,18123],{"class":146},[84,20152,3845],{"class":98},[84,20154,3711],{"class":185},[84,20156,303],{"class":189},[84,20158,3711],{"class":185},[84,20160,106],{"class":98},[84,20162,4211],{"class":185},[84,20164,5608],{"class":189},[84,20166,3711],{"class":185},[84,20168,18903],{"class":98},[84,20170,4685],{"class":102},[84,20172,169],{"class":98},[75,20174,20175],{"className":77,"code":20041,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,20176,20177,20207],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20178,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20180,19576],{"class":90},[84,20182,95],{"class":94},[84,20184,10010],{"class":140},[84,20186,307],{"class":98},[84,20188,18123],{"class":146},[84,20190,3845],{"class":98},[84,20192,3711],{"class":185},[84,20194,625],{"class":189},[84,20196,3711],{"class":185},[84,20198,106],{"class":98},[84,20200,4211],{"class":185},[84,20202,12588],{"class":189},[84,20204,3711],{"class":185},[84,20206,4737],{"class":98},[84,20208,20209,20211,20213,20215],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20210,156],{"class":133},[84,20212,137],{"class":98},[84,20214,19609],{"class":146},[84,20216,150],{"class":98},[75,20218,20219],{"className":77,"code":19569,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,20220,20221,20253,20275],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20222,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20224,19576],{"class":90},[84,20226,95],{"class":94},[84,20228,10010],{"class":140},[84,20230,307],{"class":98},[84,20232,18123],{"class":146},[84,20234,3845],{"class":98},[84,20236,3711],{"class":185},[84,20238,303],{"class":189},[84,20240,3711],{"class":185},[84,20242,106],{"class":98},[84,20244,4211],{"class":185},[84,20246,5608],{"class":189},[84,20248,3711],{"class":185},[84,20250,18903],{"class":98},[84,20252,18837],{"class":98},[84,20254,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20256,19609],{"class":90},[84,20258,182],{"class":98},[84,20260,3711],{"class":185},[84,20262,303],{"class":189},[84,20264,3711],{"class":185},[84,20266,14394],{"class":98},[84,20268,14397],{"class":146},[84,20270,137],{"class":98},[84,20272,103],{"class":102},[84,20274,150],{"class":98},[84,20276,20277,20279,20281,20283],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,20278,156],{"class":133},[84,20280,137],{"class":98},[84,20282,19609],{"class":146},[84,20284,150],{"class":98},[75,20286,20288],{"className":77,"code":20287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20289,20290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20291,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20293,156],{"class":133},[84,20295,137],{"class":98},[84,20297,2624],{"class":140},[84,20299,137],{"class":98},[84,20301,9661],{"class":140},[84,20303,307],{"class":98},[84,20305,18123],{"class":146},[84,20307,3845],{"class":98},[84,20309,103],{"class":102},[84,20311,106],{"class":98},[84,20313,109],{"class":102},[84,20315,106],{"class":98},[84,20317,114],{"class":102},[84,20319,18903],{"class":98},[84,20321,4211],{"class":185},[84,20323,3329],{"class":189},[84,20325,3711],{"class":185},[84,20327,3771],{"class":98},[70,20329,2694],{"id":2693},[995,20331,2698,20333,20335],{"id":20332},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20334,18058],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20337,20338],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[995,20340,20342],{"id":20341},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20344,20345,20346,307],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20347,4630],{},[995,20349,20351],{"id":20350},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20353,20354],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[995,20356,20358],{"id":20357},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20360,18993],{},[75,20362,20364],{"className":77,"code":20363,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20365,20366,20398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20367,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20369,18082],{"class":90},[84,20371,95],{"class":94},[84,20373,99],{"class":98},[84,20375,3711],{"class":185},[84,20377,303],{"class":189},[84,20379,3711],{"class":185},[84,20381,106],{"class":98},[84,20383,4211],{"class":185},[84,20385,5608],{"class":189},[84,20387,3711],{"class":185},[84,20389,106],{"class":98},[84,20391,4211],{"class":185},[84,20393,10580],{"class":189},[84,20395,3711],{"class":185},[84,20397,122],{"class":98},[84,20399,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20401,10005],{"class":90},[84,20403,95],{"class":94},[84,20405,11332],{"class":98},[84,20407,15685],{"class":90},[84,20409,3743],{"class":98},[84,20411,19045],{"class":98},[84,20413,1973],{"class":633},[84,20415,19050],{"class":90},[84,20417,1434],{"class":633},[84,20419,19055],{"class":90},[84,20421,10149],{"class":98},[70,20423,2751],{"id":2750},[30,20425,20426,20430,20434,20438,20444],{},[33,20427,20428],{},[303,20429,12086],{"href":13869},[33,20431,20432],{},[303,20433,9995],{"href":13866},[33,20435,20436],{},[303,20437,12095],{"href":18744},[33,20439,20440],{},[303,20441,11579,20442,11583],{"href":14877},[15,20443,15797],{},[33,20445,20446],{},[303,20447,11579,20448,11583],{"href":15842},[15,20449,13619],{},[20,20451,224,20452,20454],{},[15,20453,18063],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2785,20456,20457],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":20459},[20460,20461,20463,20467,20468,20470,20475,20477,20484,20493,20494,20501],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":18163,"depth":125,"text":20462},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":18207,"depth":125,"text":18208,"children":20464},[20465,20466],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":18258,"depth":153,"text":18259},{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":18419,"depth":125,"text":20469},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18748,"depth":125,"text":18749,"children":20471},[20472,20473,20474],{"id":18778,"depth":153,"text":18779},{"id":18941,"depth":153,"text":18942},{"id":18989,"depth":153,"text":18990},{"id":19153,"depth":125,"text":20476},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19311,"depth":125,"text":20478,"children":20479},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20480,20482,20483],{"id":19322,"depth":153,"text":20481},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19387,"depth":153,"text":19388},{"id":19461,"depth":153,"text":19462},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":20485},[20486,20487,20489,20491],{"id":19565,"depth":153,"text":19566},{"id":19748,"depth":153,"text":20488},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19882,"depth":153,"text":20490},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":20035,"depth":153,"text":20492},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":20126,"depth":125,"text":20127},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":20495},[20496,20498,20499,20500],{"id":20332,"depth":153,"text":20497},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20341,"depth":153,"text":20342},{"id":20350,"depth":153,"text":20351},{"id":20357,"depth":153,"text":20358},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":18050,"description":20502},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20509,"title":20510,"body":20511,"description":22341,"extension":2830,"meta":22342,"navigation":472,"path":22343,"seo":22344,"stem":22345,"__hash__":22346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20512,"toc":22308},[20513,20518,20524,20535,20665,20672,20677,20681,20697,20699,20797,20800,20817,20821,20823,20828,20866,20869,20887,20889,21007,21012,21016,21032,21035,21171,21174,21179,21185,21188,21225,21228,21232,21237,21313,21317,21322,21404,21406,21422,21427,21431,21437,21506,21509,21526,21529,21611,21617,21620,21640,21644,21649,21655,21661,21732,21735,21741,21744,21818,21825,21831,21839,21849,21851,21946,21952,21957,22044,22050,22052,22057,22079,22082,22177,22180,22211,22224,22226,22234,22240,22246,22249,22255,22260,22267,22272,22274,22305],[10,20514,12162,20516,12166],{"id":20515},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20517,11582],{},[20,20519,20520,20521,20523],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20522,11582],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20525,20526,20527,362,20530,3254,20532,20534],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20528,20529],{},"KeyError",[15,20531,11582],{},[15,20533,4630],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[75,20536,20538],{"className":77,"code":20537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20539,20540,20576,20580,20606,20631],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20541,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20543,14048],{"class":90},[84,20545,95],{"class":94},[84,20547,11332],{"class":98},[84,20549,3711],{"class":185},[84,20551,8508],{"class":189},[84,20553,3711],{"class":185},[84,20555,3743],{"class":98},[84,20557,4211],{"class":185},[84,20559,13723],{"class":189},[84,20561,3711],{"class":185},[84,20563,106],{"class":98},[84,20565,4211],{"class":185},[84,20567,10139],{"class":189},[84,20569,3711],{"class":185},[84,20571,3743],{"class":98},[84,20573,10146],{"class":102},[84,20575,10149],{"class":98},[84,20577,20578],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20579,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,20581,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,20583,156],{"class":133},[84,20585,137],{"class":98},[84,20587,18147],{"class":146},[84,20589,307],{"class":98},[84,20591,20592],{"class":146},"get",[84,20594,137],{"class":98},[84,20596,3711],{"class":185},[84,20598,8508],{"class":189},[84,20600,3711],{"class":185},[84,20602,6204],{"class":98},[84,20604,20605],{"class":4517},"           # Ana\n",[84,20607,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,20609,156],{"class":133},[84,20611,137],{"class":98},[84,20613,18147],{"class":146},[84,20615,307],{"class":98},[84,20617,20592],{"class":146},[84,20619,137],{"class":98},[84,20621,3711],{"class":185},[84,20623,11250],{"class":189},[84,20625,3711],{"class":185},[84,20627,6204],{"class":98},[84,20629,20630],{"class":4517},"           # None\n",[84,20632,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20658,20660,20662],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,20634,156],{"class":133},[84,20636,137],{"class":98},[84,20638,18147],{"class":146},[84,20640,307],{"class":98},[84,20642,20592],{"class":146},[84,20644,137],{"class":98},[84,20646,3711],{"class":185},[84,20648,11250],{"class":189},[84,20650,3711],{"class":185},[84,20652,106],{"class":98},[84,20654,4211],{"class":185},[84,20656,20657],{"class":189},"N\u002FA",[84,20659,3711],{"class":185},[84,20661,6204],{"class":98},[84,20663,20664],{"class":4517},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20666,224,20667,20669,20670,307],{},[15,20668,11582],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20671,20529],{},[70,20673,235,20675,238],{"id":20674},"what-get-does",[15,20676,11582],{},[20,20678,2847,20679,12257],{},[15,20680,11582],{},[30,20682,20683,20686,20691,20694],{},[33,20684,20685],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,20687,12268,20688,20690],{},[15,20689,4630],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,20692,20693],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,20695,20696],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20698,814],{},[75,20700,20702],{"className":77,"code":20701,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20703,20704,20743,20747,20772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20705,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20725,20727,20729,20731,20734,20736,20738,20741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20707,13706],{"class":90},[84,20709,95],{"class":94},[84,20711,11332],{"class":98},[84,20713,3711],{"class":185},[84,20715,8508],{"class":189},[84,20717,3711],{"class":185},[84,20719,3743],{"class":98},[84,20721,4211],{"class":185},[84,20723,20724],{"class":189},"Lina",[84,20726,3711],{"class":185},[84,20728,106],{"class":98},[84,20730,4211],{"class":185},[84,20732,20733],{"class":189},"grade",[84,20735,3711],{"class":185},[84,20737,3743],{"class":98},[84,20739,20740],{"class":102}," 90",[84,20742,10149],{"class":98},[84,20744,20745],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20746,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,20748,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,20750,156],{"class":133},[84,20752,137],{"class":98},[84,20754,14470],{"class":146},[84,20756,307],{"class":98},[84,20758,20592],{"class":146},[84,20760,137],{"class":98},[84,20762,3711],{"class":185},[84,20764,8508],{"class":189},[84,20766,3711],{"class":185},[84,20768,6204],{"class":98},[84,20770,20771],{"class":4517},"     # Lina\n",[84,20773,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,20775,156],{"class":133},[84,20777,137],{"class":98},[84,20779,14470],{"class":146},[84,20781,307],{"class":98},[84,20783,20592],{"class":146},[84,20785,137],{"class":98},[84,20787,3711],{"class":185},[84,20789,16102],{"class":189},[84,20791,3711],{"class":185},[84,20793,6204],{"class":98},[84,20795,20796],{"class":4517},"    # None\n",[20,20798,20799],{},"In this example:",[30,20801,20802,20807],{},[33,20803,20804,20806],{},[15,20805,16083],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,20808,20809,20812,20813,3254,20815],{},[15,20810,20811],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20814,11582],{},[15,20816,4630],{},[20,20818,13863,20819,307],{},[303,20820,9995],{"href":9994},[70,20822,311],{"id":310},[20,20824,20825,20826,3743],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20827,11582],{},[75,20829,20831],{"className":77,"code":20830,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20832,20833,20847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20834,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20836,16448],{"class":90},[84,20838,307],{"class":98},[84,20840,20592],{"class":146},[84,20842,137],{"class":98},[84,20844,15685],{"class":146},[84,20846,150],{"class":98},[84,20848,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20864],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20850,16448],{"class":90},[84,20852,307],{"class":98},[84,20854,20592],{"class":146},[84,20856,137],{"class":98},[84,20858,15685],{"class":146},[84,20860,106],{"class":98},[84,20862,20863],{"class":146}," default_value",[84,20865,150],{"class":98},[20,20867,20868],{},"What each part means:",[30,20870,20871,20876,20882],{},[33,20872,20873,20875],{},[15,20874,15685],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,20877,20878,20881],{},[15,20879,20880],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,20883,20884,20885],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20886,4630],{},[20,20888,814],{},[75,20890,20892],{"className":77,"code":20891,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20893,20894,20918,20922,20947,20973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,20895,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,20897,14670],{"class":90},[84,20899,95],{"class":94},[84,20901,11332],{"class":98},[84,20903,3711],{"class":185},[84,20905,13338],{"class":189},[84,20907,3711],{"class":185},[84,20909,3743],{"class":98},[84,20911,4211],{"class":185},[84,20913,13347],{"class":189},[84,20915,3711],{"class":185},[84,20917,10149],{"class":98},[84,20919,20920],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,20921,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,20923,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,20925,156],{"class":133},[84,20927,137],{"class":98},[84,20929,14729],{"class":146},[84,20931,307],{"class":98},[84,20933,20592],{"class":146},[84,20935,137],{"class":98},[84,20937,3711],{"class":185},[84,20939,13338],{"class":189},[84,20941,3711],{"class":185},[84,20943,6204],{"class":98},[84,20945,20946],{"class":4517},"            # dark\n",[84,20948,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20966,20968,20970],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,20950,156],{"class":133},[84,20952,137],{"class":98},[84,20954,14729],{"class":146},[84,20956,307],{"class":98},[84,20958,20592],{"class":146},[84,20960,137],{"class":98},[84,20962,3711],{"class":185},[84,20964,20965],{"class":189},"language",[84,20967,3711],{"class":185},[84,20969,6204],{"class":98},[84,20971,20972],{"class":4517},"         # None\n",[84,20974,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,21000,21002,21004],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,20976,156],{"class":133},[84,20978,137],{"class":98},[84,20980,14729],{"class":146},[84,20982,307],{"class":98},[84,20984,20592],{"class":146},[84,20986,137],{"class":98},[84,20988,3711],{"class":185},[84,20990,20965],{"class":189},[84,20992,3711],{"class":185},[84,20994,106],{"class":98},[84,20996,4211],{"class":185},[84,20998,20999],{"class":189},"en",[84,21001,3711],{"class":185},[84,21003,6204],{"class":98},[84,21005,21006],{"class":4517},"   # en\n",[70,21008,1741,21010],{"id":21009},"when-to-use-get",[15,21011,11582],{},[20,21013,224,21014,11443],{},[15,21015,11582],{},[30,21017,21018,21021,21026,21029],{},[33,21019,21020],{},"A key might not exist",[33,21022,21023,21024],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,21025,20529],{},[33,21027,21028],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,21030,21031],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,21033,21034],{},"Example with optional user data:",[75,21036,21038],{"className":77,"code":21037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,21039,21040,21082,21086,21111,21137],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21041,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21078,21080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21043,12331],{"class":90},[84,21045,95],{"class":94},[84,21047,11332],{"class":98},[84,21049,3711],{"class":185},[84,21051,8825],{"class":189},[84,21053,3711],{"class":185},[84,21055,3743],{"class":98},[84,21057,4211],{"class":185},[84,21059,21060],{"class":189},"sam",[84,21062,3711],{"class":185},[84,21064,106],{"class":98},[84,21066,4211],{"class":185},[84,21068,16102],{"class":189},[84,21070,3711],{"class":185},[84,21072,3743],{"class":98},[84,21074,4211],{"class":185},[84,21076,21077],{"class":189},"sam@example.com",[84,21079,3711],{"class":185},[84,21081,10149],{"class":98},[84,21083,21084],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21085,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21087,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21089,156],{"class":133},[84,21091,137],{"class":98},[84,21093,12425],{"class":146},[84,21095,307],{"class":98},[84,21097,20592],{"class":146},[84,21099,137],{"class":98},[84,21101,3711],{"class":185},[84,21103,8825],{"class":189},[84,21105,3711],{"class":185},[84,21107,6204],{"class":98},[84,21109,21110],{"class":4517},"              # sam\n",[84,21112,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21130,21132,21134],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21114,156],{"class":133},[84,21116,137],{"class":98},[84,21118,12425],{"class":146},[84,21120,307],{"class":98},[84,21122,20592],{"class":146},[84,21124,137],{"class":98},[84,21126,3711],{"class":185},[84,21128,21129],{"class":189},"phone",[84,21131,3711],{"class":185},[84,21133,6204],{"class":98},[84,21135,21136],{"class":4517},"                 # None\n",[84,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21164,21166,21168],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,21140,156],{"class":133},[84,21142,137],{"class":98},[84,21144,12425],{"class":146},[84,21146,307],{"class":98},[84,21148,20592],{"class":146},[84,21150,137],{"class":98},[84,21152,3711],{"class":185},[84,21154,21129],{"class":189},[84,21156,3711],{"class":185},[84,21158,106],{"class":98},[84,21160,4211],{"class":185},[84,21162,21163],{"class":189},"Not provided",[84,21165,3711],{"class":185},[84,21167,6204],{"class":98},[84,21169,21170],{"class":4517}," # Not provided\n",[20,21172,21173],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,21175,21176,21177,307],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[303,21178,17440],{"href":17439},[70,21180,21182,21184],{"id":21181},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,21183,11582],{}," vs square brackets",[20,21186,21187],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[75,21189,21191],{"className":77,"code":21190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,21192,21193,21207],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21194,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21196,10044],{"class":90},[84,21198,182],{"class":98},[84,21200,3711],{"class":185},[84,21202,15685],{"class":189},[84,21204,3711],{"class":185},[84,21206,122],{"class":98},[84,21208,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21210,10044],{"class":90},[84,21212,307],{"class":98},[84,21214,20592],{"class":146},[84,21216,137],{"class":98},[84,21218,3711],{"class":185},[84,21220,15685],{"class":189},[84,21222,3711],{"class":185},[84,21224,150],{"class":98},[20,21226,21227],{},"The difference is important.",[995,21229,21231],{"id":21230},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21233,21234,21235,307],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21236,20529],{},[75,21238,21240],{"className":77,"code":21239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21241,21242,21266,21270,21292],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21243,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21245,10005],{"class":90},[84,21247,95],{"class":94},[84,21249,11332],{"class":98},[84,21251,3711],{"class":185},[84,21253,8508],{"class":189},[84,21255,3711],{"class":185},[84,21257,3743],{"class":98},[84,21259,4211],{"class":185},[84,21261,13723],{"class":189},[84,21263,3711],{"class":185},[84,21265,10149],{"class":98},[84,21267,21268],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21269,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21271,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21289],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21273,156],{"class":133},[84,21275,137],{"class":98},[84,21277,10044],{"class":146},[84,21279,182],{"class":98},[84,21281,3711],{"class":185},[84,21283,8508],{"class":189},[84,21285,3711],{"class":185},[84,21287,21288],{"class":98},"])",[84,21290,21291],{"class":4517},"   # Ana\n",[84,21293,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21295,156],{"class":133},[84,21297,137],{"class":98},[84,21299,10044],{"class":146},[84,21301,182],{"class":98},[84,21303,3711],{"class":185},[84,21305,11250],{"class":189},[84,21307,3711],{"class":185},[84,21309,21288],{"class":98},[84,21311,21312],{"class":4517},"   # KeyError\n",[995,21314,21315],{"id":20592},[15,21316,11582],{},[20,21318,21319,21321],{},[15,21320,11582],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[75,21323,21325],{"className":77,"code":21324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21326,21327,21351,21355,21379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21328,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21330,10005],{"class":90},[84,21332,95],{"class":94},[84,21334,11332],{"class":98},[84,21336,3711],{"class":185},[84,21338,8508],{"class":189},[84,21340,3711],{"class":185},[84,21342,3743],{"class":98},[84,21344,4211],{"class":185},[84,21346,13723],{"class":189},[84,21348,3711],{"class":185},[84,21350,10149],{"class":98},[84,21352,21353],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21354,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21356,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21358,156],{"class":133},[84,21360,137],{"class":98},[84,21362,10044],{"class":146},[84,21364,307],{"class":98},[84,21366,20592],{"class":146},[84,21368,137],{"class":98},[84,21370,3711],{"class":185},[84,21372,8508],{"class":189},[84,21374,3711],{"class":185},[84,21376,6204],{"class":98},[84,21378,21291],{"class":4517},[84,21380,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21382,156],{"class":133},[84,21384,137],{"class":98},[84,21386,10044],{"class":146},[84,21388,307],{"class":98},[84,21390,20592],{"class":146},[84,21392,137],{"class":98},[84,21394,3711],{"class":185},[84,21396,11250],{"class":189},[84,21398,3711],{"class":185},[84,21400,6204],{"class":98},[84,21402,21403],{"class":4517},"   # None\n",[20,21405,19536],{},[30,21407,21408,21414],{},[33,21409,21410,21411],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[53,21412,21413],{},"must exist",[33,21415,21416,21418,21419],{},[15,21417,11582],{}," when the key is ",[53,21420,21421],{},"optional",[20,21423,21424,21425,307],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[303,21426,12106],{"href":11917},[70,21428,21430],{"id":21429},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21432,21433,21434,21436],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21435,11582],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[75,21438,21440],{"className":77,"code":21439,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21441,21442,21467,21471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21443,21444,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21445,21446],{"class":90},"profile ",[84,21448,95],{"class":94},[84,21450,11332],{"class":98},[84,21452,3711],{"class":185},[84,21454,8508],{"class":189},[84,21456,3711],{"class":185},[84,21458,3743],{"class":98},[84,21460,4211],{"class":185},[84,21462,8761],{"class":189},[84,21464,3711],{"class":185},[84,21466,10149],{"class":98},[84,21468,21469],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21470,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21472,21473,21475,21477,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21499,21501,21503],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21474,156],{"class":133},[84,21476,137],{"class":98},[84,21478,21479],{"class":146},"profile",[84,21481,307],{"class":98},[84,21483,20592],{"class":146},[84,21485,137],{"class":98},[84,21487,3711],{"class":185},[84,21489,16105],{"class":189},[84,21491,3711],{"class":185},[84,21493,106],{"class":98},[84,21495,4211],{"class":185},[84,21497,21498],{"class":189},"Unknown",[84,21500,3711],{"class":185},[84,21502,6204],{"class":98},[84,21504,21505],{"class":4517},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21507,21508],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,21510,21511,21516,21521],{},[33,21512,21513],{},[15,21514,21515],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,21517,21518],{},[15,21519,21520],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,21522,21523],{},[15,21524,21525],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21527,21528],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[75,21530,21532],{"className":77,"code":21531,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21533,21534,21566,21570,21597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21535,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21537,5911],{"class":90},[84,21539,95],{"class":94},[84,21541,11332],{"class":98},[84,21543,3711],{"class":185},[84,21545,19258],{"class":189},[84,21547,3711],{"class":185},[84,21549,3743],{"class":98},[84,21551,6847],{"class":102},[84,21553,106],{"class":98},[84,21555,4211],{"class":185},[84,21557,19267],{"class":189},[84,21559,3711],{"class":185},[84,21561,3743],{"class":98},[84,21563,738],{"class":102},[84,21565,10149],{"class":98},[84,21567,21568],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21569,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21571,21572,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21573,21574],{"class":90},"total_history ",[84,21576,95],{"class":94},[84,21578,5958],{"class":90},[84,21580,307],{"class":98},[84,21582,20592],{"class":146},[84,21584,137],{"class":98},[84,21586,3711],{"class":185},[84,21588,19276],{"class":189},[84,21590,3711],{"class":185},[84,21592,106],{"class":98},[84,21594,4685],{"class":102},[84,21596,150],{"class":98},[84,21598,21599,21601,21603,21606,21608],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21600,156],{"class":133},[84,21602,137],{"class":98},[84,21604,21605],{"class":146},"total_history",[84,21607,1970],{"class":98},[84,21609,21610],{"class":4517},"   # 0\n",[20,21612,21613,21614,21616],{},"Here, ",[15,21615,2983],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21618,21619],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,21621,21622,21625,21630,21635],{},[33,21623,21624],{},"Use a string for text",[33,21626,224,21627,21629],{},[15,21628,2983],{}," for numbers",[33,21631,224,21632,21634],{},[15,21633,4639],{}," for lists if needed",[33,21636,224,21637,21639],{},[15,21638,4644],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[70,21641,21643],{"id":21642},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21645,21646,21647,307],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21648,11582],{},[995,21650,21652,21654],{"id":21651},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21653,11582],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21656,21657,21658,21660],{},"This code does ",[53,21659,55],{}," create a new key:",[75,21662,21664],{"className":77,"code":21663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21665,21666,21690,21694,21719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21667,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21669,14048],{"class":90},[84,21671,95],{"class":94},[84,21673,11332],{"class":98},[84,21675,3711],{"class":185},[84,21677,8508],{"class":189},[84,21679,3711],{"class":185},[84,21681,3743],{"class":98},[84,21683,4211],{"class":185},[84,21685,13723],{"class":189},[84,21687,3711],{"class":185},[84,21689,10149],{"class":98},[84,21691,21692],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21693,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21695,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21697,156],{"class":133},[84,21699,137],{"class":98},[84,21701,18147],{"class":146},[84,21703,307],{"class":98},[84,21705,20592],{"class":146},[84,21707,137],{"class":98},[84,21709,3711],{"class":185},[84,21711,11250],{"class":189},[84,21713,3711],{"class":185},[84,21715,6204],{"class":98},[84,21717,21718],{"class":4517},"  # None\n",[84,21720,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21722,156],{"class":133},[84,21724,137],{"class":98},[84,21726,18147],{"class":146},[84,21728,1970],{"class":98},[84,21730,21731],{"class":4517},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21733,21734],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[995,21736,21738,21740],{"id":21737},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21739,11582],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21742,21743],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[75,21745,21747],{"className":77,"code":21746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21748,21749,21775,21779,21805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21750,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21762,21764,21766,21768,21771,21773],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21752,14670],{"class":90},[84,21754,95],{"class":94},[84,21756,11332],{"class":98},[84,21758,3711],{"class":185},[84,21760,21761],{"class":189},"mode",[84,21763,3711],{"class":185},[84,21765,3743],{"class":98},[84,21767,4211],{"class":185},[84,21769,21770],{"class":189},"light",[84,21772,3711],{"class":185},[84,21774,10149],{"class":98},[84,21776,21777],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21778,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21780,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21782,14729],{"class":90},[84,21784,307],{"class":98},[84,21786,20592],{"class":146},[84,21788,137],{"class":98},[84,21790,3711],{"class":185},[84,21792,13338],{"class":189},[84,21794,3711],{"class":185},[84,21796,106],{"class":98},[84,21798,4211],{"class":185},[84,21800,13347],{"class":189},[84,21802,3711],{"class":185},[84,21804,150],{"class":98},[84,21806,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21808,156],{"class":133},[84,21810,137],{"class":98},[84,21812,14729],{"class":146},[84,21814,1970],{"class":98},[84,21816,21817],{"class":4517},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21819,21820,21821,21824],{},"Even though ",[15,21822,21823],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[995,21826,21828,21829],{"id":21827},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21830,4630],{},[20,21832,21833,21834,3254,21836,21838],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21835,11582],{},[15,21837,4630],{}," because:",[30,21840,21841,21844],{},[33,21842,21843],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,21845,21846,21847],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21848,4630],{},[20,21850,814],{},[75,21852,21854],{"className":77,"code":21853,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21855,21856,21893,21897,21921],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21857,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21885,21887,21889,21891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21859,10005],{"class":90},[84,21861,95],{"class":94},[84,21863,11332],{"class":98},[84,21865,3711],{"class":185},[84,21867,8508],{"class":189},[84,21869,3711],{"class":185},[84,21871,3743],{"class":98},[84,21873,4211],{"class":185},[84,21875,13723],{"class":189},[84,21877,3711],{"class":185},[84,21879,106],{"class":98},[84,21881,4211],{"class":185},[84,21883,21884],{"class":189},"nickname",[84,21886,3711],{"class":185},[84,21888,3743],{"class":98},[84,21890,4705],{"class":4704},[84,21892,10149],{"class":98},[84,21894,21895],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,21896,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,21898,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,21900,156],{"class":133},[84,21902,137],{"class":98},[84,21904,10044],{"class":146},[84,21906,307],{"class":98},[84,21908,20592],{"class":146},[84,21910,137],{"class":98},[84,21912,3711],{"class":185},[84,21914,21884],{"class":189},[84,21916,3711],{"class":185},[84,21918,6204],{"class":98},[84,21920,21718],{"class":4517},[84,21922,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,21924,156],{"class":133},[84,21926,137],{"class":98},[84,21928,10044],{"class":146},[84,21930,307],{"class":98},[84,21932,20592],{"class":146},[84,21934,137],{"class":98},[84,21936,3711],{"class":185},[84,21938,11250],{"class":189},[84,21940,3711],{"class":185},[84,21942,6204],{"class":98},[84,21944,21945],{"class":4517},"      # None\n",[20,21947,21948,21949,21951],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21950,4630],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21953,21954,21955,3743],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21956,1434],{},[75,21958,21960],{"className":77,"code":21959,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21961,21962,21998,22002,22023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,21963,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,21965,10005],{"class":90},[84,21967,95],{"class":94},[84,21969,11332],{"class":98},[84,21971,3711],{"class":185},[84,21973,8508],{"class":189},[84,21975,3711],{"class":185},[84,21977,3743],{"class":98},[84,21979,4211],{"class":185},[84,21981,13723],{"class":189},[84,21983,3711],{"class":185},[84,21985,106],{"class":98},[84,21987,4211],{"class":185},[84,21989,21884],{"class":189},[84,21991,3711],{"class":185},[84,21993,3743],{"class":98},[84,21995,4705],{"class":4704},[84,21997,10149],{"class":98},[84,21999,22000],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22001,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22003,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22017,22019,22021],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22005,156],{"class":133},[84,22007,137],{"class":98},[84,22009,3711],{"class":185},[84,22011,21884],{"class":189},[84,22013,3711],{"class":185},[84,22015,22016],{"class":633}," in",[84,22018,15410],{"class":146},[84,22020,1970],{"class":98},[84,22022,4518],{"class":4517},[84,22024,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,22026,156],{"class":133},[84,22028,137],{"class":98},[84,22030,3711],{"class":185},[84,22032,11250],{"class":189},[84,22034,3711],{"class":185},[84,22036,22016],{"class":633},[84,22038,15410],{"class":146},[84,22040,1970],{"class":98},[84,22042,22043],{"class":4517},"      # False\n",[20,22045,22046,22047,307],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[303,22048,22049],{"href":17993},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[70,22051,3686],{"id":3685},[20,22053,22054,22055,3743],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,22056,11582],{},[30,22058,22059,22064,22071,22076],{},[33,22060,22061,22062],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,22063,20529],{},[33,22065,5551,22066,3254,22068,22070],{},[15,22067,11582],{},[15,22069,4630],{}," if no default is provided",[33,22072,5426,22073,22075],{},[15,22074,11582],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,22077,22078],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,22080,22081],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[75,22083,22085],{"className":77,"code":22084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,22086,22087,22097,22111,22129,22151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22088,22089,22091,22093,22095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22090,156],{"class":133},[84,22092,137],{"class":98},[84,22094,12294],{"class":146},[84,22096,150],{"class":98},[84,22098,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22100,156],{"class":133},[84,22102,137],{"class":98},[84,22104,12294],{"class":146},[84,22106,307],{"class":98},[84,22108,17764],{"class":146},[84,22110,8033],{"class":98},[84,22112,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22114,156],{"class":133},[84,22116,137],{"class":98},[84,22118,186],{"class":185},[84,22120,8508],{"class":189},[84,22122,186],{"class":185},[84,22124,22016],{"class":633},[84,22126,12609],{"class":146},[84,22128,150],{"class":98},[84,22130,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,22132,156],{"class":133},[84,22134,137],{"class":98},[84,22136,12294],{"class":146},[84,22138,307],{"class":98},[84,22140,20592],{"class":146},[84,22142,137],{"class":98},[84,22144,186],{"class":185},[84,22146,8508],{"class":189},[84,22148,186],{"class":185},[84,22150,169],{"class":98},[84,22152,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,22154,156],{"class":133},[84,22156,137],{"class":98},[84,22158,2624],{"class":140},[84,22160,137],{"class":98},[84,22162,12294],{"class":146},[84,22164,307],{"class":98},[84,22166,20592],{"class":146},[84,22168,137],{"class":98},[84,22170,186],{"class":185},[84,22172,8508],{"class":189},[84,22174,186],{"class":185},[84,22176,3771],{"class":98},[20,22178,22179],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,22181,22182,22187,22193,22199,22205],{},[33,22183,22184,22186],{},[15,22185,13522],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,22188,22189,22192],{},[15,22190,22191],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,22194,22195,22198],{},[15,22196,22197],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,22200,22201,22204],{},[15,22202,22203],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,22206,22207,22210],{},[15,22208,22209],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,22212,22213,22214,5241,22219,22223],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[303,22215,22216,22217,11583],{"href":17902},"the dictionary ",[15,22218,17905],{},[303,22220,22216,22221,11583],{"href":17915},[15,22222,17918],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[70,22225,2694],{"id":2693},[995,22227,2698,22229,22231,22232,3348],{"id":22228},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22230,11582],{}," raise ",[15,22233,20529],{},[20,22235,22236,22237,22239],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22238,4630],{}," or the default value you provide.",[995,22241,2698,22243,22245],{"id":22242},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22244,11582],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22247,22248],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[995,22250,22252,22253,3348],{"id":22251},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22254,11582],{},[20,22256,22257,22259],{},[15,22258,4630],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[995,22261,22263,22264,22266],{"id":22262},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,22265,11582],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22268,224,22269,22271],{},[15,22270,11582],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[70,22273,2751],{"id":2750},[30,22275,22276,22280,22286,22292,22296,22301],{},[33,22277,22278],{},[303,22279,9995],{"href":9994},[33,22281,22282],{},[303,22283,11579,22284,11583],{"href":17902},[15,22285,17905],{},[33,22287,22288],{},[303,22289,11579,22290,11583],{"href":17915},[15,22291,17918],{},[33,22293,22294],{},[303,22295,17994],{"href":17993},[33,22297,22298],{},[303,22299,22300],{"href":17439},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,22302,22303],{},[303,22304,12106],{"href":11917},[2785,22306,22307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":22309},[22310,22312,22313,22315,22320,22321,22329,22330,22340],{"id":20674,"depth":125,"text":22311},"What get() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":21009,"depth":125,"text":22314},"When to use get()",{"id":21181,"depth":125,"text":22316,"children":22317},"get() vs square brackets",[22318,22319],{"id":21230,"depth":153,"text":21231},{"id":20592,"depth":153,"text":11582},{"id":21429,"depth":125,"text":21430},{"id":21642,"depth":125,"text":21643,"children":22322},[22323,22325,22327],{"id":21651,"depth":153,"text":22324},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21737,"depth":153,"text":22326},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21827,"depth":153,"text":22328},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":22331},[22332,22334,22336,22338],{"id":22228,"depth":153,"text":22333},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22242,"depth":153,"text":22335},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22251,"depth":153,"text":22337},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22262,"depth":153,"text":22339},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20510,"description":22341},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22348,"title":22349,"body":22350,"description":24904,"extension":2830,"meta":24905,"navigation":472,"path":24906,"seo":24907,"stem":24908,"__hash__":24909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22351,"toc":24870},[22352,22357,22363,22369,22371,22453,22457,22474,22479,22484,22489,22491,22505,22507,22570,22574,22614,22622,22624,22626,22641,22644,22657,22659,22738,22742,22808,22810,22814,22822,22824,22835,22837,22947,22951,23030,23036,23042,23047,23160,23164,23196,23199,23306,23312,23319,23323,23326,23428,23432,23493,23496,23499,23510,23519,23522,23539,23541,23640,23644,23719,23722,23745,23750,23755,23772,23774,23895,23899,23933,23935,23940,23947,23957,23959,24037,24040,24111,24121,24124,24155,24158,24197,24203,24210,24213,24304,24308,24389,24395,24398,24401,24506,24509,24512,24634,24638,24641,24708,24712,24749,24755,24757,24763,24768,24774,24780,24786,24789,24828,24834,24837,24839,24867],[10,22353,12162,22355,12166],{"id":22354},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22356,17918],{},[20,22358,2847,22359,22362],{},[15,22360,22361],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22364,22365,22366,22368],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22367,17918],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[70,22370,73],{"id":72},[75,22372,22374],{"className":77,"code":22373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22375,22376,22412,22416,22439],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22379,14048],{"class":90},[84,22381,95],{"class":94},[84,22383,11332],{"class":98},[84,22385,3711],{"class":185},[84,22387,8508],{"class":189},[84,22389,3711],{"class":185},[84,22391,3743],{"class":98},[84,22393,4211],{"class":185},[84,22395,13723],{"class":189},[84,22397,3711],{"class":185},[84,22399,106],{"class":98},[84,22401,4211],{"class":185},[84,22403,10139],{"class":189},[84,22405,3711],{"class":185},[84,22407,3743],{"class":98},[84,22409,10146],{"class":102},[84,22411,10149],{"class":98},[84,22413,22414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22415,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22417,22418,22420,22423,22425,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22419,1428],{"class":633},[84,22421,22422],{"class":90}," key",[84,22424,106],{"class":98},[84,22426,22427],{"class":90}," value ",[84,22429,1434],{"class":633},[84,22431,14091],{"class":90},[84,22433,307],{"class":98},[84,22435,8649],{"class":146},[84,22437,22438],{"class":98},"():\n",[84,22440,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,22442,1445],{"class":133},[84,22444,137],{"class":98},[84,22446,15685],{"class":146},[84,22448,106],{"class":98},[84,22450,9271],{"class":146},[84,22452,150],{"class":98},[20,22454,22455],{},[53,22456,172],{},[75,22458,22460],{"className":77,"code":22459,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22461,22462,22467],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22463,22464],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22465,22466],{"class":90},"name Ana\n",[84,22468,22469,22472],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22470,22471],{"class":90},"age ",[84,22473,3564],{"class":102},[20,22475,224,22476,22478],{},[15,22477,17918],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[70,22480,235,22482,238],{"id":22481},"what-items-does",[15,22483,17918],{},[20,22485,22486,22488],{},[15,22487,17918],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22490,12303],{},[30,22492,22493,22499,22502],{},[33,22494,22495,22496],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22497,22498],{},"(key, value)",[33,22500,22501],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,22503,22504],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22506,814],{},[75,22508,22510],{"className":77,"code":22509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22511,22512,22548,22552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22513,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22515,14048],{"class":90},[84,22517,95],{"class":94},[84,22519,11332],{"class":98},[84,22521,3711],{"class":185},[84,22523,8508],{"class":189},[84,22525,3711],{"class":185},[84,22527,3743],{"class":98},[84,22529,4211],{"class":185},[84,22531,13723],{"class":189},[84,22533,3711],{"class":185},[84,22535,106],{"class":98},[84,22537,4211],{"class":185},[84,22539,10139],{"class":189},[84,22541,3711],{"class":185},[84,22543,3743],{"class":98},[84,22545,10146],{"class":102},[84,22547,10149],{"class":98},[84,22549,22550],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22551,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22553,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22555,156],{"class":133},[84,22557,137],{"class":98},[84,22559,161],{"class":140},[84,22561,137],{"class":98},[84,22563,18147],{"class":146},[84,22565,307],{"class":98},[84,22567,8649],{"class":146},[84,22569,7132],{"class":98},[20,22571,22572],{},[53,22573,172],{},[75,22575,22577],{"className":77,"code":22576,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22578,22579],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22580,22581,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22582,22583],{"class":98},"[(",[84,22585,186],{"class":185},[84,22587,8508],{"class":189},[84,22589,186],{"class":185},[84,22591,106],{"class":98},[84,22593,196],{"class":185},[84,22595,13723],{"class":189},[84,22597,186],{"class":185},[84,22599,10073],{"class":98},[84,22601,10076],{"class":98},[84,22603,186],{"class":185},[84,22605,10139],{"class":189},[84,22607,186],{"class":185},[84,22609,106],{"class":98},[84,22611,10146],{"class":102},[84,22613,10089],{"class":98},[20,22615,22616,22617,3736,22619,307],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[303,22618,9995],{"href":13866},[303,22620,15868],{"href":22621},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[70,22623,311],{"id":310},[20,22625,6277],{},[75,22627,22629],{"className":77,"code":22628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22630,22631],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22632,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22634,12294],{"class":90},[84,22636,307],{"class":98},[84,22638,8649],{"class":146},[84,22640,9482],{"class":98},[20,22642,22643],{},"Things to remember:",[30,22645,22646,22651,22654],{},[33,22647,22648,22650],{},[15,22649,17918],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,22652,22653],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,22655,22656],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22658,814],{},[75,22660,22662],{"className":77,"code":22661,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22663,22664,22696,22700,22714,22718,22728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22665,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22667,5911],{"class":90},[84,22669,95],{"class":94},[84,22671,11332],{"class":98},[84,22673,3711],{"class":185},[84,22675,5851],{"class":189},[84,22677,3711],{"class":185},[84,22679,3743],{"class":98},[84,22681,20740],{"class":102},[84,22683,106],{"class":98},[84,22685,4211],{"class":185},[84,22687,5860],{"class":189},[84,22689,3711],{"class":185},[84,22691,3743],{"class":98},[84,22693,14351],{"class":102},[84,22695,10149],{"class":98},[84,22697,22698],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22699,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22701,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22703,128],{"class":90},[84,22705,95],{"class":94},[84,22707,5958],{"class":90},[84,22709,307],{"class":98},[84,22711,8649],{"class":146},[84,22713,9482],{"class":98},[84,22715,22716],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,22717,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22719,22720,22722,22724,22726],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,22721,156],{"class":133},[84,22723,137],{"class":98},[84,22725,166],{"class":146},[84,22727,150],{"class":98},[84,22729,22730,22732,22734,22736],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,22731,156],{"class":133},[84,22733,137],{"class":98},[84,22735,17231],{"class":146},[84,22737,150],{"class":98},[20,22739,22740],{},[53,22741,172],{},[75,22743,22745],{"className":77,"code":22744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22746,22747,22780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22748,22749,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22750,22751],{"class":146},"dict_items",[84,22753,10498],{"class":98},[84,22755,186],{"class":185},[84,22757,5851],{"class":189},[84,22759,186],{"class":185},[84,22761,106],{"class":98},[84,22763,20740],{"class":102},[84,22765,10073],{"class":98},[84,22767,10076],{"class":98},[84,22769,186],{"class":185},[84,22771,5860],{"class":189},[84,22773,186],{"class":185},[84,22775,106],{"class":98},[84,22777,14351],{"class":102},[84,22779,11521],{"class":98},[84,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22783,10118],{"class":98},[84,22785,186],{"class":185},[84,22787,5851],{"class":189},[84,22789,186],{"class":185},[84,22791,3743],{"class":98},[84,22793,20740],{"class":102},[84,22795,106],{"class":98},[84,22797,196],{"class":185},[84,22799,5860],{"class":189},[84,22801,186],{"class":185},[84,22803,3743],{"class":98},[84,22805,14351],{"class":102},[84,22807,10149],{"class":98},[20,22809,21734],{},[70,22811,22813],{"id":22812},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22815,22816,22818,22819,22821],{},[15,22817,17918],{}," returns a ",[15,22820,22751],{}," view object.",[20,22823,2970],{},[30,22825,22826,22829,22832],{},[33,22827,22828],{},"You can loop over it",[33,22830,22831],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,22833,22834],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22836,814],{},[75,22838,22840],{"className":77,"code":22839,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22841,22842,22874,22888,22892,22906,22910,22929,22933],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22845,10005],{"class":90},[84,22847,95],{"class":94},[84,22849,11332],{"class":98},[84,22851,3711],{"class":185},[84,22853,625],{"class":189},[84,22855,3711],{"class":185},[84,22857,3743],{"class":98},[84,22859,6341],{"class":102},[84,22861,106],{"class":98},[84,22863,4211],{"class":185},[84,22865,12588],{"class":189},[84,22867,3711],{"class":185},[84,22869,3743],{"class":98},[84,22871,109],{"class":102},[84,22873,10149],{"class":98},[84,22875,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22877,10055],{"class":90},[84,22879,95],{"class":94},[84,22881,15410],{"class":90},[84,22883,307],{"class":98},[84,22885,8649],{"class":146},[84,22887,9482],{"class":98},[84,22889,22890],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,22891,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22893,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,22895,156],{"class":133},[84,22897,137],{"class":98},[84,22899,161],{"class":140},[84,22901,137],{"class":98},[84,22903,10102],{"class":146},[84,22905,169],{"class":98},[84,22907,22908],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,22909,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22911,22912,22914,22916,22918,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,22913,10044],{"class":90},[84,22915,182],{"class":98},[84,22917,3711],{"class":185},[84,22919,22920],{"class":189},"z",[84,22922,3711],{"class":185},[84,22924,14117],{"class":98},[84,22926,14120],{"class":94},[84,22928,3432],{"class":102},[84,22930,22931],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,22932,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,22936,156],{"class":133},[84,22938,137],{"class":98},[84,22940,161],{"class":140},[84,22942,137],{"class":98},[84,22944,10102],{"class":146},[84,22946,169],{"class":98},[20,22948,22949],{},[53,22950,172],{},[75,22952,22954],{"className":77,"code":22953,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22955,22956,22986],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,22957,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,22959,22583],{"class":98},[84,22961,186],{"class":185},[84,22963,625],{"class":189},[84,22965,186],{"class":185},[84,22967,106],{"class":98},[84,22969,6341],{"class":102},[84,22971,10073],{"class":98},[84,22973,10076],{"class":98},[84,22975,186],{"class":185},[84,22977,12588],{"class":189},[84,22979,186],{"class":185},[84,22981,106],{"class":98},[84,22983,109],{"class":102},[84,22985,10089],{"class":98},[84,22987,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,22989,22583],{"class":98},[84,22991,186],{"class":185},[84,22993,625],{"class":189},[84,22995,186],{"class":185},[84,22997,106],{"class":98},[84,22999,6341],{"class":102},[84,23001,10073],{"class":98},[84,23003,10076],{"class":98},[84,23005,186],{"class":185},[84,23007,12588],{"class":189},[84,23009,186],{"class":185},[84,23011,106],{"class":98},[84,23013,109],{"class":102},[84,23015,10073],{"class":98},[84,23017,10076],{"class":98},[84,23019,186],{"class":185},[84,23021,22920],{"class":189},[84,23023,186],{"class":185},[84,23025,106],{"class":98},[84,23027,114],{"class":102},[84,23029,10089],{"class":98},[20,23031,23032,23033,23035],{},"This happens because ",[15,23034,10102],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[70,23037,23039,23040],{"id":23038},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,23041,17918],{},[20,23043,23044,23045,3743],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,23046,17918],{},[75,23048,23050],{"className":77,"code":23049,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,23051,23052,23105,23109,23129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23053,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23055,13706],{"class":90},[84,23057,95],{"class":94},[84,23059,11332],{"class":98},[84,23061,3711],{"class":185},[84,23063,8508],{"class":189},[84,23065,3711],{"class":185},[84,23067,3743],{"class":98},[84,23069,4211],{"class":185},[84,23071,8761],{"class":189},[84,23073,3711],{"class":185},[84,23075,106],{"class":98},[84,23077,4211],{"class":185},[84,23079,20733],{"class":189},[84,23081,3711],{"class":185},[84,23083,3743],{"class":98},[84,23085,4211],{"class":185},[84,23087,23088],{"class":189},"A",[84,23090,3711],{"class":185},[84,23092,106],{"class":98},[84,23094,4211],{"class":185},[84,23096,10139],{"class":189},[84,23098,3711],{"class":185},[84,23100,3743],{"class":98},[84,23102,14702],{"class":102},[84,23104,10149],{"class":98},[84,23106,23107],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23108,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23110,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23112,1428],{"class":633},[84,23114,22422],{"class":90},[84,23116,106],{"class":98},[84,23118,22427],{"class":90},[84,23120,1434],{"class":633},[84,23122,13749],{"class":90},[84,23124,307],{"class":98},[84,23126,8649],{"class":146},[84,23128,22438],{"class":98},[84,23130,23131,23133,23135,23138,23140,23142,23144,23147,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,23132,1445],{"class":133},[84,23134,137],{"class":98},[84,23136,23137],{"class":614},"f",[84,23139,3711],{"class":189},[84,23141,10118],{"class":102},[84,23143,15685],{"class":146},[84,23145,23146],{"class":102},"}",[84,23148,23149],{"class":189},": ",[84,23151,10118],{"class":102},[84,23153,3329],{"class":146},[84,23155,23146],{"class":102},[84,23157,3711],{"class":189},[84,23159,150],{"class":98},[20,23161,23162],{},[53,23163,172],{},[75,23165,23167],{"className":77,"code":23166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,23168,23169,23178,23187],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23170,23171,23173,23175],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23172,8508],{"class":90},[84,23174,3743],{"class":98},[84,23176,23177],{"class":90}," Mia\n",[84,23179,23180,23182,23184],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23181,20733],{"class":90},[84,23183,3743],{"class":98},[84,23185,23186],{"class":90}," A\n",[84,23188,23189,23191,23193],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23190,10139],{"class":90},[84,23192,3743],{"class":98},[84,23194,23195],{"class":102}," 14\n",[20,23197,23198],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[75,23200,23202],{"className":77,"code":23201,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,23203,23204,23256,23260,23272],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23205,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23207,13706],{"class":90},[84,23209,95],{"class":94},[84,23211,11332],{"class":98},[84,23213,3711],{"class":185},[84,23215,8508],{"class":189},[84,23217,3711],{"class":185},[84,23219,3743],{"class":98},[84,23221,4211],{"class":185},[84,23223,8761],{"class":189},[84,23225,3711],{"class":185},[84,23227,106],{"class":98},[84,23229,4211],{"class":185},[84,23231,20733],{"class":189},[84,23233,3711],{"class":185},[84,23235,3743],{"class":98},[84,23237,4211],{"class":185},[84,23239,23088],{"class":189},[84,23241,3711],{"class":185},[84,23243,106],{"class":98},[84,23245,4211],{"class":185},[84,23247,10139],{"class":189},[84,23249,3711],{"class":185},[84,23251,3743],{"class":98},[84,23253,14702],{"class":102},[84,23255,10149],{"class":98},[84,23257,23258],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23259,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23261,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23263,1428],{"class":633},[84,23265,19050],{"class":90},[84,23267,1434],{"class":633},[84,23269,13749],{"class":90},[84,23271,1440],{"class":98},[84,23273,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,23275,1445],{"class":133},[84,23277,137],{"class":98},[84,23279,23137],{"class":614},[84,23281,3711],{"class":189},[84,23283,10118],{"class":102},[84,23285,15685],{"class":146},[84,23287,23146],{"class":102},[84,23289,23149],{"class":189},[84,23291,10118],{"class":102},[84,23293,14470],{"class":146},[84,23295,182],{"class":98},[84,23297,15685],{"class":146},[84,23299,14117],{"class":98},[84,23301,23146],{"class":102},[84,23303,3711],{"class":189},[84,23305,150],{"class":98},[20,23307,7349,23308,23311],{},[15,23309,23310],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23313,23314,23315,307],{},"For a full guide, see ",[303,23316,23318],{"href":23317},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[70,23320,23322],{"id":23321},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23324,23325],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[75,23327,23329],{"className":77,"code":23328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23330,23331,23390,23394,23413,23417],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23332,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23368,23370,23372,23374,23377,23379,23381,23383,23386,23388],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23334,13919],{"class":90},[84,23336,95],{"class":94},[84,23338,11332],{"class":98},[84,23340,3711],{"class":185},[84,23342,4928],{"class":189},[84,23344,3711],{"class":185},[84,23346,3743],{"class":98},[84,23348,4211],{"class":185},[84,23350,13936],{"class":189},[84,23352,3711],{"class":185},[84,23354,106],{"class":98},[84,23356,4211],{"class":185},[84,23358,4937],{"class":189},[84,23360,3711],{"class":185},[84,23362,3743],{"class":98},[84,23364,4211],{"class":185},[84,23366,23367],{"class":189},"yellow",[84,23369,3711],{"class":185},[84,23371,106],{"class":98},[84,23373,4211],{"class":185},[84,23375,23376],{"class":189},"grape",[84,23378,3711],{"class":185},[84,23380,3743],{"class":98},[84,23382,4211],{"class":185},[84,23384,23385],{"class":189},"purple",[84,23387,3711],{"class":185},[84,23389,10149],{"class":98},[84,23391,23392],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23393,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23395,23396,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23397,23398],{"class":90},"pairs_list ",[84,23400,95],{"class":94},[84,23402,1636],{"class":140},[84,23404,137],{"class":98},[84,23406,18343],{"class":146},[84,23408,307],{"class":98},[84,23410,8649],{"class":146},[84,23412,8033],{"class":98},[84,23414,23415],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,23416,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23418,23419,23421,23423,23426],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,23420,156],{"class":133},[84,23422,137],{"class":98},[84,23424,23425],{"class":146},"pairs_list",[84,23427,150],{"class":98},[20,23429,23430],{},[53,23431,172],{},[75,23433,23435],{"className":77,"code":23434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23436,23437],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23440,22583],{"class":98},[84,23442,186],{"class":185},[84,23444,4928],{"class":189},[84,23446,186],{"class":185},[84,23448,106],{"class":98},[84,23450,196],{"class":185},[84,23452,13936],{"class":189},[84,23454,186],{"class":185},[84,23456,10073],{"class":98},[84,23458,10076],{"class":98},[84,23460,186],{"class":185},[84,23462,4937],{"class":189},[84,23464,186],{"class":185},[84,23466,106],{"class":98},[84,23468,196],{"class":185},[84,23470,23367],{"class":189},[84,23472,186],{"class":185},[84,23474,10073],{"class":98},[84,23476,10076],{"class":98},[84,23478,186],{"class":185},[84,23480,23376],{"class":189},[84,23482,186],{"class":185},[84,23484,106],{"class":98},[84,23486,196],{"class":185},[84,23488,23385],{"class":189},[84,23490,186],{"class":185},[84,23492,10089],{"class":98},[20,23494,23495],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23497,23498],{},"Use this when:",[30,23500,23501,23504,23507],{},[33,23502,23503],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,23505,23506],{},"You need list behavior",[33,23508,23509],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[70,23511,23513,11427,23515,11427,23517],{"id":23512},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23514,17918],{},[15,23516,17905],{},[15,23518,17911],{},[20,23520,23521],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,23523,23524,23529,23534],{},[33,23525,23526,23528],{},[15,23527,17918],{}," gives both key and value",[33,23530,23531,23533],{},[15,23532,17905],{}," gives only keys",[33,23535,23536,23538],{},[15,23537,17911],{}," gives only values",[20,23540,814],{},[75,23542,23544],{"className":77,"code":23543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23545,23546,23582,23586,23604,23622],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23547,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23549,14048],{"class":90},[84,23551,95],{"class":94},[84,23553,11332],{"class":98},[84,23555,3711],{"class":185},[84,23557,8508],{"class":189},[84,23559,3711],{"class":185},[84,23561,3743],{"class":98},[84,23563,4211],{"class":185},[84,23565,13723],{"class":189},[84,23567,3711],{"class":185},[84,23569,106],{"class":98},[84,23571,4211],{"class":185},[84,23573,10139],{"class":189},[84,23575,3711],{"class":185},[84,23577,3743],{"class":98},[84,23579,10146],{"class":102},[84,23581,10149],{"class":98},[84,23583,23584],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23585,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23587,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23589,156],{"class":133},[84,23591,137],{"class":98},[84,23593,161],{"class":140},[84,23595,137],{"class":98},[84,23597,18147],{"class":146},[84,23599,307],{"class":98},[84,23601,17764],{"class":146},[84,23603,7132],{"class":98},[84,23605,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,23607,156],{"class":133},[84,23609,137],{"class":98},[84,23611,161],{"class":140},[84,23613,137],{"class":98},[84,23615,18147],{"class":146},[84,23617,307],{"class":98},[84,23619,6201],{"class":146},[84,23621,7132],{"class":98},[84,23623,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,23625,156],{"class":133},[84,23627,137],{"class":98},[84,23629,161],{"class":140},[84,23631,137],{"class":98},[84,23633,18147],{"class":146},[84,23635,307],{"class":98},[84,23637,8649],{"class":146},[84,23639,7132],{"class":98},[20,23641,23642],{},[53,23643,172],{},[75,23645,23647],{"className":77,"code":23646,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23648,23649,23669,23685],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23650,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23652,182],{"class":98},[84,23654,186],{"class":185},[84,23656,8508],{"class":189},[84,23658,186],{"class":185},[84,23660,106],{"class":98},[84,23662,196],{"class":185},[84,23664,10139],{"class":189},[84,23666,186],{"class":185},[84,23668,122],{"class":98},[84,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23672,182],{"class":98},[84,23674,186],{"class":185},[84,23676,13723],{"class":189},[84,23678,186],{"class":185},[84,23680,106],{"class":98},[84,23682,10146],{"class":102},[84,23684,122],{"class":98},[84,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23688,22583],{"class":98},[84,23690,186],{"class":185},[84,23692,8508],{"class":189},[84,23694,186],{"class":185},[84,23696,106],{"class":98},[84,23698,196],{"class":185},[84,23700,13723],{"class":189},[84,23702,186],{"class":185},[84,23704,10073],{"class":98},[84,23706,10076],{"class":98},[84,23708,186],{"class":185},[84,23710,10139],{"class":189},[84,23712,186],{"class":185},[84,23714,106],{"class":98},[84,23716,10146],{"class":102},[84,23718,10089],{"class":98},[20,23720,23721],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,23723,23724,23732,23740],{},[33,23725,23726,23727],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[303,23728,23730],{"href":23729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23731,17905],{},[33,23733,23734,23735],{},"Need just values? Use ",[303,23736,23738],{"href":23737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23739,17911],{},[33,23741,23742,23743],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23744,17918],{},[70,23746,1741,23748],{"id":23747},"when-to-use-items",[15,23749,17918],{},[20,23751,23752,23754],{},[15,23753,17918],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,23756,23757,23760,23763,23766,23769],{},[33,23758,23759],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,23761,23762],{},"Building formatted output",[33,23764,23765],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,23767,23768],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,23770,23771],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23773,814],{},[75,23775,23777],{"className":77,"code":23776,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23778,23779,23787,23805,23824,23836,23840,23844,23865],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23780,23781,23783,23785],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23782,14670],{"class":90},[84,23784,95],{"class":94},[84,23786,12336],{"class":98},[84,23788,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23790,12341],{"class":185},[84,23792,13338],{"class":189},[84,23794,3711],{"class":185},[84,23796,3743],{"class":98},[84,23798,4211],{"class":185},[84,23800,13347],{"class":189},[84,23802,3711],{"class":185},[84,23804,12357],{"class":98},[84,23806,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23820,23822],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23808,12341],{"class":185},[84,23810,20965],{"class":189},[84,23812,3711],{"class":185},[84,23814,3743],{"class":98},[84,23816,4211],{"class":185},[84,23818,23819],{"class":189},"English",[84,23821,3711],{"class":185},[84,23823,12357],{"class":98},[84,23825,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,23827,12341],{"class":185},[84,23829,19366],{"class":189},[84,23831,3711],{"class":185},[84,23833,3743],{"class":98},[84,23835,7263],{"class":4704},[84,23837,23838],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,23839,10149],{"class":98},[84,23841,23842],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,23843,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,23845,23846,23848,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,23847,1428],{"class":633},[84,23849,23850],{"class":90}," setting",[84,23852,106],{"class":98},[84,23854,22427],{"class":90},[84,23856,1434],{"class":633},[84,23858,14714],{"class":90},[84,23860,307],{"class":98},[84,23862,8649],{"class":146},[84,23864,22438],{"class":98},[84,23866,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23880,23882,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,23868,1445],{"class":133},[84,23870,137],{"class":98},[84,23872,23137],{"class":614},[84,23874,3711],{"class":189},[84,23876,10118],{"class":102},[84,23878,23879],{"class":146},"setting",[84,23881,23146],{"class":102},[84,23883,23884],{"class":189}," = ",[84,23886,10118],{"class":102},[84,23888,3329],{"class":146},[84,23890,23146],{"class":102},[84,23892,3711],{"class":189},[84,23894,150],{"class":98},[20,23896,23897],{},[53,23898,172],{},[75,23900,23902],{"className":77,"code":23901,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23903,23904,23914,23924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23905,23906,23909,23911],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23907,23908],{"class":90},"theme ",[84,23910,95],{"class":94},[84,23912,23913],{"class":90}," dark\n",[84,23915,23916,23919,23921],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,23917,23918],{"class":90},"language ",[84,23920,95],{"class":94},[84,23922,23923],{"class":90}," English\n",[84,23925,23926,23929,23931],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,23927,23928],{"class":90},"notifications ",[84,23930,95],{"class":94},[84,23932,7263],{"class":4704},[70,23934,3686],{"id":3685},[20,23936,23937,23938,307],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23939,17918],{},[995,23941,23943,23944,23946],{"id":23942},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23945,17918],{}," incorrectly",[20,23948,23949,23950,23952,23953,23956],{},"Each result from ",[15,23951,17918],{}," has ",[53,23954,23955],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23958,7526],{},[75,23960,23961],{"className":77,"code":22373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,23962,23963,23999,24003,24023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,23964,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,23966,14048],{"class":90},[84,23968,95],{"class":94},[84,23970,11332],{"class":98},[84,23972,3711],{"class":185},[84,23974,8508],{"class":189},[84,23976,3711],{"class":185},[84,23978,3743],{"class":98},[84,23980,4211],{"class":185},[84,23982,13723],{"class":189},[84,23984,3711],{"class":185},[84,23986,106],{"class":98},[84,23988,4211],{"class":185},[84,23990,10139],{"class":189},[84,23992,3711],{"class":185},[84,23994,3743],{"class":98},[84,23996,10146],{"class":102},[84,23998,10149],{"class":98},[84,24000,24001],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24002,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24004,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24006,1428],{"class":633},[84,24008,22422],{"class":90},[84,24010,106],{"class":98},[84,24012,22427],{"class":90},[84,24014,1434],{"class":633},[84,24016,14091],{"class":90},[84,24018,307],{"class":98},[84,24020,8649],{"class":146},[84,24022,22438],{"class":98},[84,24024,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24026,1445],{"class":133},[84,24028,137],{"class":98},[84,24030,15685],{"class":146},[84,24032,106],{"class":98},[84,24034,9271],{"class":146},[84,24036,150],{"class":98},[20,24038,24039],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[75,24041,24043],{"className":77,"code":24042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24044,24045,24081,24085,24101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24046,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24048,14048],{"class":90},[84,24050,95],{"class":94},[84,24052,11332],{"class":98},[84,24054,3711],{"class":185},[84,24056,8508],{"class":189},[84,24058,3711],{"class":185},[84,24060,3743],{"class":98},[84,24062,4211],{"class":185},[84,24064,13723],{"class":189},[84,24066,3711],{"class":185},[84,24068,106],{"class":98},[84,24070,4211],{"class":185},[84,24072,10139],{"class":189},[84,24074,3711],{"class":185},[84,24076,3743],{"class":98},[84,24078,10146],{"class":102},[84,24080,10149],{"class":98},[84,24082,24083],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24084,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24086,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24088,1428],{"class":633},[84,24090,19050],{"class":90},[84,24092,1434],{"class":633},[84,24094,14091],{"class":90},[84,24096,307],{"class":98},[84,24098,8649],{"class":146},[84,24100,22438],{"class":98},[84,24102,24103,24105,24107,24109],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24104,1445],{"class":133},[84,24106,137],{"class":98},[84,24108,15685],{"class":146},[84,24110,150],{"class":98},[20,24112,24113,24114,24116,24117,24120],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,24115,15685],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,24118,24119],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,24122,24123],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[75,24125,24127],{"className":77,"code":24126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24128,24129,24145],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24130,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24132,1428],{"class":633},[84,24134,1431],{"class":90},[84,24136,1434],{"class":633},[84,24138,14091],{"class":90},[84,24140,307],{"class":98},[84,24142,8649],{"class":146},[84,24144,22438],{"class":98},[84,24146,24147,24149,24151,24153],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24148,1445],{"class":133},[84,24150,137],{"class":98},[84,24152,1450],{"class":146},[84,24154,150],{"class":98},[20,24156,24157],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[75,24159,24161],{"className":77,"code":24160,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24162,24163,24183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24164,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24166,1428],{"class":633},[84,24168,22422],{"class":90},[84,24170,106],{"class":98},[84,24172,22427],{"class":90},[84,24174,1434],{"class":633},[84,24176,14091],{"class":90},[84,24178,307],{"class":98},[84,24180,8649],{"class":146},[84,24182,22438],{"class":98},[84,24184,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24186,1445],{"class":133},[84,24188,137],{"class":98},[84,24190,15685],{"class":146},[84,24192,106],{"class":98},[84,24194,9271],{"class":146},[84,24196,150],{"class":98},[995,24198,9291,24200,24202],{"id":24199},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,24201,17918],{}," to return a regular list",[20,24204,24205,22818,24207,24209],{},[15,24206,17918],{},[15,24208,22751],{}," object, not a list.",[20,24211,24212],{},"Check it:",[75,24214,24216],{"className":77,"code":24215,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,24217,24218,24250,24254,24268,24286],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24219,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24221,12567],{"class":90},[84,24223,95],{"class":94},[84,24225,11332],{"class":98},[84,24227,3711],{"class":185},[84,24229,303],{"class":189},[84,24231,3711],{"class":185},[84,24233,3743],{"class":98},[84,24235,6341],{"class":102},[84,24237,106],{"class":98},[84,24239,4211],{"class":185},[84,24241,5608],{"class":189},[84,24243,3711],{"class":185},[84,24245,3743],{"class":98},[84,24247,109],{"class":102},[84,24249,10149],{"class":98},[84,24251,24252],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24253,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24255,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24257,156],{"class":133},[84,24259,137],{"class":98},[84,24261,12294],{"class":146},[84,24263,307],{"class":98},[84,24265,8649],{"class":146},[84,24267,8033],{"class":98},[84,24269,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24271,156],{"class":133},[84,24273,137],{"class":98},[84,24275,2624],{"class":140},[84,24277,137],{"class":98},[84,24279,12294],{"class":146},[84,24281,307],{"class":98},[84,24283,8649],{"class":146},[84,24285,7132],{"class":98},[84,24287,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,24289,156],{"class":133},[84,24291,137],{"class":98},[84,24293,161],{"class":140},[84,24295,137],{"class":98},[84,24297,12294],{"class":146},[84,24299,307],{"class":98},[84,24301,8649],{"class":146},[84,24303,7132],{"class":98},[20,24305,24306],{},[53,24307,172],{},[75,24309,24311],{"className":77,"code":24310,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24312,24313,24345,24359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24314,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24316,22751],{"class":146},[84,24318,10498],{"class":98},[84,24320,186],{"class":185},[84,24322,303],{"class":189},[84,24324,186],{"class":185},[84,24326,106],{"class":98},[84,24328,6341],{"class":102},[84,24330,10073],{"class":98},[84,24332,10076],{"class":98},[84,24334,186],{"class":185},[84,24336,5608],{"class":189},[84,24338,186],{"class":185},[84,24340,106],{"class":98},[84,24342,109],{"class":102},[84,24344,11521],{"class":98},[84,24346,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24348,1251],{"class":94},[84,24350,4152],{"class":614},[84,24352,196],{"class":185},[84,24354,22751],{"class":189},[84,24356,186],{"class":185},[84,24358,1270],{"class":94},[84,24360,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24362,22583],{"class":98},[84,24364,186],{"class":185},[84,24366,303],{"class":189},[84,24368,186],{"class":185},[84,24370,106],{"class":98},[84,24372,6341],{"class":102},[84,24374,10073],{"class":98},[84,24376,10076],{"class":98},[84,24378,186],{"class":185},[84,24380,5608],{"class":189},[84,24382,186],{"class":185},[84,24384,106],{"class":98},[84,24386,109],{"class":102},[84,24388,10089],{"class":98},[995,24390,24392,24393],{"id":24391},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24394,17918],{},[20,24396,24397],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24399,24400],{},"Problem example:",[75,24402,24404],{"className":77,"code":24403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24405,24406,24450,24454,24474,24486],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24407,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24409,91],{"class":90},[84,24411,95],{"class":94},[84,24413,11332],{"class":98},[84,24415,3711],{"class":185},[84,24417,303],{"class":189},[84,24419,3711],{"class":185},[84,24421,3743],{"class":98},[84,24423,6341],{"class":102},[84,24425,106],{"class":98},[84,24427,4211],{"class":185},[84,24429,5608],{"class":189},[84,24431,3711],{"class":185},[84,24433,3743],{"class":98},[84,24435,109],{"class":102},[84,24437,106],{"class":98},[84,24439,4211],{"class":185},[84,24441,10580],{"class":189},[84,24443,3711],{"class":185},[84,24445,3743],{"class":98},[84,24447,114],{"class":102},[84,24449,10149],{"class":98},[84,24451,24452],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24453,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24455,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24457,1428],{"class":633},[84,24459,22422],{"class":90},[84,24461,106],{"class":98},[84,24463,22427],{"class":90},[84,24465,1434],{"class":633},[84,24467,147],{"class":90},[84,24469,307],{"class":98},[84,24471,8649],{"class":146},[84,24473,22438],{"class":98},[84,24475,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24477,7239],{"class":633},[84,24479,22427],{"class":90},[84,24481,5535],{"class":94},[84,24483,109],{"class":102},[84,24485,1440],{"class":98},[84,24487,24488,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,24489,24490],{"class":90},"        numbers",[84,24492,182],{"class":98},[84,24494,3711],{"class":185},[84,24496,19609],{"class":189},[84,24498,3711],{"class":185},[84,24500,14117],{"class":98},[84,24502,14120],{"class":94},[84,24504,24505],{"class":102}," 4\n",[20,24507,24508],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24510,24511],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[75,24513,24515],{"className":77,"code":24514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24516,24517,24561,24565,24590,24602,24620,24624],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24518,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24520,91],{"class":90},[84,24522,95],{"class":94},[84,24524,11332],{"class":98},[84,24526,3711],{"class":185},[84,24528,303],{"class":189},[84,24530,3711],{"class":185},[84,24532,3743],{"class":98},[84,24534,6341],{"class":102},[84,24536,106],{"class":98},[84,24538,4211],{"class":185},[84,24540,5608],{"class":189},[84,24542,3711],{"class":185},[84,24544,3743],{"class":98},[84,24546,109],{"class":102},[84,24548,106],{"class":98},[84,24550,4211],{"class":185},[84,24552,10580],{"class":189},[84,24554,3711],{"class":185},[84,24556,3743],{"class":98},[84,24558,114],{"class":102},[84,24560,10149],{"class":98},[84,24562,24563],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24564,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24566,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24568,1428],{"class":633},[84,24570,22422],{"class":90},[84,24572,106],{"class":98},[84,24574,22427],{"class":90},[84,24576,1434],{"class":633},[84,24578,1636],{"class":140},[84,24580,137],{"class":98},[84,24582,535],{"class":146},[84,24584,307],{"class":98},[84,24586,8649],{"class":146},[84,24588,24589],{"class":98},"()):\n",[84,24591,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24593,7239],{"class":633},[84,24595,22427],{"class":90},[84,24597,5535],{"class":94},[84,24599,109],{"class":102},[84,24601,1440],{"class":98},[84,24603,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,24605,24490],{"class":90},[84,24607,182],{"class":98},[84,24609,3711],{"class":185},[84,24611,19609],{"class":189},[84,24613,3711],{"class":185},[84,24615,14117],{"class":98},[84,24617,14120],{"class":94},[84,24619,24505],{"class":102},[84,24621,24622],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,24623,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24625,24626,24628,24630,24632],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,24627,156],{"class":133},[84,24629,137],{"class":98},[84,24631,535],{"class":146},[84,24633,150],{"class":98},[995,24635,24637],{"id":24636},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24639,24640],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[75,24642,24644],{"className":77,"code":24643,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24645,24646,24678,24682,24698],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24649,10005],{"class":90},[84,24651,95],{"class":94},[84,24653,11332],{"class":98},[84,24655,3711],{"class":185},[84,24657,625],{"class":189},[84,24659,3711],{"class":185},[84,24661,3743],{"class":98},[84,24663,6847],{"class":102},[84,24665,106],{"class":98},[84,24667,4211],{"class":185},[84,24669,12588],{"class":189},[84,24671,3711],{"class":185},[84,24673,3743],{"class":98},[84,24675,442],{"class":102},[84,24677,10149],{"class":98},[84,24679,24680],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24681,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,24683,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,24685,1428],{"class":633},[84,24687,1431],{"class":90},[84,24689,1434],{"class":633},[84,24691,15410],{"class":90},[84,24693,307],{"class":98},[84,24695,8649],{"class":146},[84,24697,22438],{"class":98},[84,24699,24700,24702,24704,24706],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,24701,1445],{"class":133},[84,24703,137],{"class":98},[84,24705,1450],{"class":146},[84,24707,150],{"class":98},[20,24709,24710],{},[53,24711,172],{},[75,24713,24715],{"className":77,"code":24714,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24716,24717,24733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24718,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24720,137],{"class":98},[84,24722,186],{"class":185},[84,24724,625],{"class":189},[84,24726,186],{"class":185},[84,24728,106],{"class":98},[84,24730,6847],{"class":102},[84,24732,150],{"class":98},[84,24734,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24736,137],{"class":98},[84,24738,186],{"class":185},[84,24740,12588],{"class":189},[84,24742,186],{"class":185},[84,24744,106],{"class":98},[84,24746,442],{"class":102},[84,24748,150],{"class":98},[20,24750,24751,24752,24754],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24753,22498],{}," pair.",[70,24756,2694],{"id":2693},[995,24758,24760,24761,5990],{"id":24759},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24762,17918],{},[20,24764,18262,24765,24767],{},[15,24766,22751],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[995,24769,2698,24771,24773],{"id":24770},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24772,17918],{}," return a list?",[20,24775,24776,24777,2711],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24778,24779],{},"list(my_dict.items())",[995,24781,24783,24784,3348],{"id":24782},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24785,17918],{},[20,24787,24788],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[75,24790,24792],{"className":77,"code":24791,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24793,24794,24814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24795,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24797,1428],{"class":633},[84,24799,22422],{"class":90},[84,24801,106],{"class":98},[84,24803,22427],{"class":90},[84,24805,1434],{"class":633},[84,24807,12609],{"class":90},[84,24809,307],{"class":98},[84,24811,8649],{"class":146},[84,24813,22438],{"class":98},[84,24815,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24817,1445],{"class":133},[84,24819,137],{"class":98},[84,24821,15685],{"class":146},[84,24823,106],{"class":98},[84,24825,9271],{"class":146},[84,24827,150],{"class":98},[995,24829,2698,24831,24833],{"id":24830},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24832,17918],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24835,24836],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[70,24838,2751],{"id":2750},[30,24840,24841,24847,24853,24858,24862],{},[33,24842,24843],{},[303,24844,11579,24845,11583],{"href":23729},[15,24846,17905],{},[33,24848,24849],{},[303,24850,11579,24851,11583],{"href":23737},[15,24852,17911],{},[33,24854,24855],{},[303,24856,24857],{"href":23317},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,24859,24860],{},[303,24861,9995],{"href":13866},[33,24863,24864],{},[303,24865,24866],{"href":22621},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2785,24868,24869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":24871},[24872,24873,24875,24876,24877,24879,24880,24882,24884,24893,24903],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":22481,"depth":125,"text":24874},"What items() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":22812,"depth":125,"text":22813},{"id":23038,"depth":125,"text":24878},"Looping with items()",{"id":23321,"depth":125,"text":23322},{"id":23512,"depth":125,"text":24881},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23747,"depth":125,"text":24883},"When to use items()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":24885},[24886,24888,24890,24892],{"id":23942,"depth":153,"text":24887},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":24199,"depth":153,"text":24889},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24391,"depth":153,"text":24891},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24636,"depth":153,"text":24637},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":24894},[24895,24897,24899,24901],{"id":24759,"depth":153,"text":24896},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24770,"depth":153,"text":24898},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24782,"depth":153,"text":24900},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24830,"depth":153,"text":24902},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22349,"description":24904},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24911,"title":24912,"body":24913,"description":27002,"extension":2830,"meta":27003,"navigation":472,"path":23729,"seo":27004,"stem":27005,"__hash__":27006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24914,"toc":26968},[24915,24920,24926,24929,24940,24947,24949,25032,25036,25083,25088,25093,25098,25100,25116,25118,25217,25221,25278,25281,25283,25286,25379,25383,25446,25449,25464,25469,25471,25473,25488,25490,25501,25503,25546,25549,25593,25596,25598,25605,25608,25624,25626,25719,25723,25764,25776,25780,25783,25871,25875,25895,25898,25925,25932,25937,25941,25952,25954,26058,26062,26088,26091,26158,26163,26166,26189,26194,26198,26203,26209,26214,26216,26271,26275,26302,26309,26315,26318,26343,26349,26375,26378,26453,26460,26465,26467,26506,26524,26528,26531,26574,26577,26579,26598,26600,26605,26630,26633,26703,26706,26779,26783,26785,26846,26849,26865,26867,26872,26877,26884,26893,26899,26905,26912,26918,26922,26927,26929,26965],[10,24916,12162,24918,12166],{"id":24917},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24919,17905],{},[20,24921,24922,24923,24925],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24924,17905],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24927,24928],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,24930,24931,24934,24937],{},[33,24932,24933],{},"view the available keys",[33,24935,24936],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,24938,24939],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24941,24942,24944,24945,307],{},[15,24943,17905],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24946,17855],{},[70,24948,73],{"id":72},[75,24950,24952],{"className":77,"code":24951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24953,24954,24990,25004,25008,25018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,24957,13706],{"class":90},[84,24959,95],{"class":94},[84,24961,11332],{"class":98},[84,24963,3711],{"class":185},[84,24965,8508],{"class":189},[84,24967,3711],{"class":185},[84,24969,3743],{"class":98},[84,24971,4211],{"class":185},[84,24973,13723],{"class":189},[84,24975,3711],{"class":185},[84,24977,106],{"class":98},[84,24979,4211],{"class":185},[84,24981,10139],{"class":189},[84,24983,3711],{"class":185},[84,24985,3743],{"class":98},[84,24987,442],{"class":102},[84,24989,10149],{"class":98},[84,24991,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,24993,18082],{"class":90},[84,24995,95],{"class":94},[84,24997,13749],{"class":90},[84,24999,307],{"class":98},[84,25001,17764],{"class":146},[84,25003,9482],{"class":98},[84,25005,25006],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25007,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25009,25010,25012,25014,25016],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,25011,156],{"class":133},[84,25013,137],{"class":98},[84,25015,17764],{"class":146},[84,25017,150],{"class":98},[84,25019,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,25021,156],{"class":133},[84,25023,137],{"class":98},[84,25025,161],{"class":140},[84,25027,137],{"class":98},[84,25029,17764],{"class":146},[84,25031,169],{"class":98},[20,25033,25034],{},[53,25035,172],{},[75,25037,25039],{"className":77,"code":25038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,25040,25041,25063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25042,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25044,17855],{"class":146},[84,25046,3845],{"class":98},[84,25048,186],{"class":185},[84,25050,8508],{"class":189},[84,25052,186],{"class":185},[84,25054,106],{"class":98},[84,25056,196],{"class":185},[84,25058,10139],{"class":189},[84,25060,186],{"class":185},[84,25062,4737],{"class":98},[84,25064,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25066,182],{"class":98},[84,25068,186],{"class":185},[84,25070,8508],{"class":189},[84,25072,186],{"class":185},[84,25074,106],{"class":98},[84,25076,196],{"class":185},[84,25078,10139],{"class":189},[84,25080,186],{"class":185},[84,25082,122],{"class":98},[20,25084,224,25085,25087],{},[15,25086,17905],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[70,25089,235,25091,238],{"id":25090},"what-keys-does",[15,25092,17905],{},[20,25094,25095,25097],{},[15,25096,17905],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,25099,12303],{},[30,25101,25102,25105,25108,25113],{},[33,25103,25104],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,25106,25107],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,25109,18262,25110,25112],{},[15,25111,17855],{}," view object, not a list",[33,25114,25115],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,25117,814],{},[75,25119,25121],{"className":77,"code":25120,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,25122,25123,25159,25163,25177,25181,25203],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25124,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25126,14048],{"class":90},[84,25128,95],{"class":94},[84,25130,11332],{"class":98},[84,25132,3711],{"class":185},[84,25134,8508],{"class":189},[84,25136,3711],{"class":185},[84,25138,3743],{"class":98},[84,25140,4211],{"class":185},[84,25142,14065],{"class":189},[84,25144,3711],{"class":185},[84,25146,106],{"class":98},[84,25148,4211],{"class":185},[84,25150,10139],{"class":189},[84,25152,3711],{"class":185},[84,25154,3743],{"class":98},[84,25156,10146],{"class":102},[84,25158,10149],{"class":98},[84,25160,25161],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25162,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25164,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25166,156],{"class":133},[84,25168,137],{"class":98},[84,25170,18147],{"class":146},[84,25172,307],{"class":98},[84,25174,17764],{"class":146},[84,25176,8033],{"class":98},[84,25178,25179],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,25180,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25182,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,25184,18147],{"class":90},[84,25186,182],{"class":98},[84,25188,3711],{"class":185},[84,25190,11250],{"class":189},[84,25192,3711],{"class":185},[84,25194,14117],{"class":98},[84,25196,14120],{"class":94},[84,25198,4211],{"class":185},[84,25200,11257],{"class":189},[84,25202,4217],{"class":185},[84,25204,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,25206,156],{"class":133},[84,25208,137],{"class":98},[84,25210,18147],{"class":146},[84,25212,307],{"class":98},[84,25214,17764],{"class":146},[84,25216,8033],{"class":98},[20,25218,25219],{},[53,25220,172],{},[75,25222,25224],{"className":77,"code":25223,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,25225,25226,25248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25227,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25229,17855],{"class":146},[84,25231,3845],{"class":98},[84,25233,186],{"class":185},[84,25235,8508],{"class":189},[84,25237,186],{"class":185},[84,25239,106],{"class":98},[84,25241,196],{"class":185},[84,25243,10139],{"class":189},[84,25245,186],{"class":185},[84,25247,4737],{"class":98},[84,25249,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25251,17855],{"class":146},[84,25253,3845],{"class":98},[84,25255,186],{"class":185},[84,25257,8508],{"class":189},[84,25259,186],{"class":185},[84,25261,106],{"class":98},[84,25263,196],{"class":185},[84,25265,10139],{"class":189},[84,25267,186],{"class":185},[84,25269,106],{"class":98},[84,25271,196],{"class":185},[84,25273,11250],{"class":189},[84,25275,186],{"class":185},[84,25277,4737],{"class":98},[20,25279,25280],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[70,25282,6631],{"id":6630},[20,25284,25285],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[75,25287,25289],{"className":77,"code":25288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,25290,25291,25343,25347,25361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25292,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25294,10005],{"class":90},[84,25296,95],{"class":94},[84,25298,11332],{"class":98},[84,25300,3711],{"class":185},[84,25302,8508],{"class":189},[84,25304,3711],{"class":185},[84,25306,3743],{"class":98},[84,25308,4211],{"class":185},[84,25310,13723],{"class":189},[84,25312,3711],{"class":185},[84,25314,106],{"class":98},[84,25316,4211],{"class":185},[84,25318,10139],{"class":189},[84,25320,3711],{"class":185},[84,25322,3743],{"class":98},[84,25324,442],{"class":102},[84,25326,106],{"class":98},[84,25328,4211],{"class":185},[84,25330,20733],{"class":189},[84,25332,3711],{"class":185},[84,25334,3743],{"class":98},[84,25336,4211],{"class":185},[84,25338,23088],{"class":189},[84,25340,3711],{"class":185},[84,25342,10149],{"class":98},[84,25344,25345],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25346,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25348,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25350,156],{"class":133},[84,25352,137],{"class":98},[84,25354,10044],{"class":146},[84,25356,307],{"class":98},[84,25358,17764],{"class":146},[84,25360,8033],{"class":98},[84,25362,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,25364,156],{"class":133},[84,25366,137],{"class":98},[84,25368,161],{"class":140},[84,25370,137],{"class":98},[84,25372,10044],{"class":146},[84,25374,307],{"class":98},[84,25376,17764],{"class":146},[84,25378,7132],{"class":98},[20,25380,25381],{},[53,25382,172],{},[75,25384,25386],{"className":77,"code":25385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25387,25388,25418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25389,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25391,17855],{"class":146},[84,25393,3845],{"class":98},[84,25395,186],{"class":185},[84,25397,8508],{"class":189},[84,25399,186],{"class":185},[84,25401,106],{"class":98},[84,25403,196],{"class":185},[84,25405,10139],{"class":189},[84,25407,186],{"class":185},[84,25409,106],{"class":98},[84,25411,196],{"class":185},[84,25413,20733],{"class":189},[84,25415,186],{"class":185},[84,25417,4737],{"class":98},[84,25419,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25421,182],{"class":98},[84,25423,186],{"class":185},[84,25425,8508],{"class":189},[84,25427,186],{"class":185},[84,25429,106],{"class":98},[84,25431,196],{"class":185},[84,25433,10139],{"class":189},[84,25435,186],{"class":185},[84,25437,106],{"class":98},[84,25439,196],{"class":185},[84,25441,20733],{"class":189},[84,25443,186],{"class":185},[84,25445,122],{"class":98},[20,25447,25448],{},"This shows two things:",[30,25450,25451,25458],{},[33,25452,25453,22818,25456,1256],{},[15,25454,25455],{},"data.keys()",[15,25457,17855],{},[33,25459,25460,25463],{},[15,25461,25462],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25465,9991,25466,307],{},[303,25467,25468],{"href":10231},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[70,25470,6274],{"id":6273},[20,25472,3023],{},[75,25474,25476],{"className":77,"code":25475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25477,25478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25479,25480,25482,25484,25486],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25481,12294],{"class":90},[84,25483,307],{"class":98},[84,25485,17764],{"class":146},[84,25487,9482],{"class":98},[20,25489,22643],{},[30,25491,25492,25495,25498],{},[33,25493,25494],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,25496,25497],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,25499,25500],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25502,2211],{},[75,25504,25506],{"className":77,"code":25505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25507,25508,25532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25509,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25511,13706],{"class":90},[84,25513,95],{"class":94},[84,25515,11332],{"class":98},[84,25517,3711],{"class":185},[84,25519,8508],{"class":189},[84,25521,3711],{"class":185},[84,25523,3743],{"class":98},[84,25525,4211],{"class":185},[84,25527,13723],{"class":189},[84,25529,3711],{"class":185},[84,25531,10149],{"class":98},[84,25533,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25535,156],{"class":133},[84,25537,137],{"class":98},[84,25539,14470],{"class":146},[84,25541,307],{"class":98},[84,25543,17764],{"class":146},[84,25545,8033],{"class":98},[20,25547,25548],{},"Incorrect:",[75,25550,25552],{"className":77,"code":25551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25553,25554,25578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25555,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25557,13706],{"class":90},[84,25559,95],{"class":94},[84,25561,11332],{"class":98},[84,25563,3711],{"class":185},[84,25565,8508],{"class":189},[84,25567,3711],{"class":185},[84,25569,3743],{"class":98},[84,25571,4211],{"class":185},[84,25573,13723],{"class":189},[84,25575,3711],{"class":185},[84,25577,10149],{"class":98},[84,25579,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25591],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25581,156],{"class":133},[84,25583,137],{"class":98},[84,25585,14470],{"class":146},[84,25587,307],{"class":98},[84,25589,17764],{"class":25590},"skxfh",[84,25592,150],{"class":98},[20,25594,25595],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[70,25597,18259],{"id":18258},[20,25599,25600,22818,25602,25604],{},[15,25601,17905],{},[15,25603,17855],{}," object.",[20,25606,25607],{},"This object:",[30,25609,25610,25613,25616,25621],{},[33,25611,25612],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,25614,25615],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,25617,25618,25619],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25620,68],{},[33,25622,25623],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25625,814],{},[75,25627,25629],{"className":77,"code":25628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25630,25631,25672,25676,25691,25695,25705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25632,25633,25636,25638,25640,25642,25645,25647,25649,25651,25654,25656,25658,25660,25663,25665,25667,25670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25634,25635],{"class":90},"car ",[84,25637,95],{"class":94},[84,25639,11332],{"class":98},[84,25641,3711],{"class":185},[84,25643,25644],{"class":189},"brand",[84,25646,3711],{"class":185},[84,25648,3743],{"class":98},[84,25650,4211],{"class":185},[84,25652,25653],{"class":189},"Toyota",[84,25655,3711],{"class":185},[84,25657,106],{"class":98},[84,25659,4211],{"class":185},[84,25661,25662],{"class":189},"year",[84,25664,3711],{"class":185},[84,25666,3743],{"class":98},[84,25668,25669],{"class":102}," 2020",[84,25671,10149],{"class":98},[84,25673,25674],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25675,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25677,25678,25680,25682,25685,25687,25689],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25679,128],{"class":90},[84,25681,95],{"class":94},[84,25683,25684],{"class":90}," car",[84,25686,307],{"class":98},[84,25688,17764],{"class":146},[84,25690,9482],{"class":98},[84,25692,25693],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,25694,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25696,25697,25699,25701,25703],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,25698,156],{"class":133},[84,25700,137],{"class":98},[84,25702,166],{"class":146},[84,25704,150],{"class":98},[84,25706,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,25708,156],{"class":133},[84,25710,137],{"class":98},[84,25712,2624],{"class":140},[84,25714,137],{"class":98},[84,25716,166],{"class":146},[84,25718,169],{"class":98},[20,25720,25721],{},[53,25722,172],{},[75,25724,25726],{"className":77,"code":25725,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25727,25728,25750],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25729,25730,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25731,17855],{"class":146},[84,25733,3845],{"class":98},[84,25735,186],{"class":185},[84,25737,25644],{"class":189},[84,25739,186],{"class":185},[84,25741,106],{"class":98},[84,25743,196],{"class":185},[84,25745,25662],{"class":189},[84,25747,186],{"class":185},[84,25749,4737],{"class":98},[84,25751,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25753,1251],{"class":94},[84,25755,4152],{"class":614},[84,25757,196],{"class":185},[84,25759,17855],{"class":189},[84,25761,186],{"class":185},[84,25763,1270],{"class":94},[20,25765,25766,25767,25771,25772,307],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[303,25768,11579,25769,11583],{"href":17908},[15,25770,17911],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[303,25773,11579,25774,11583],{"href":17915},[15,25775,17918],{},[70,25777,25779],{"id":25778},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25781,25782],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[75,25784,25786],{"className":77,"code":25785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25787,25788,25841,25845,25861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25837,25839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25791,13706],{"class":90},[84,25793,95],{"class":94},[84,25795,11332],{"class":98},[84,25797,3711],{"class":185},[84,25799,8508],{"class":189},[84,25801,3711],{"class":185},[84,25803,3743],{"class":98},[84,25805,4211],{"class":185},[84,25807,13723],{"class":189},[84,25809,3711],{"class":185},[84,25811,106],{"class":98},[84,25813,4211],{"class":185},[84,25815,10139],{"class":189},[84,25817,3711],{"class":185},[84,25819,3743],{"class":98},[84,25821,442],{"class":102},[84,25823,106],{"class":98},[84,25825,4211],{"class":185},[84,25827,16172],{"class":189},[84,25829,3711],{"class":185},[84,25831,3743],{"class":98},[84,25833,4211],{"class":185},[84,25835,25836],{"class":189},"Math",[84,25838,3711],{"class":185},[84,25840,10149],{"class":98},[84,25842,25843],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25844,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,25846,25847,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857,25859],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25848,1428],{"class":633},[84,25850,19050],{"class":90},[84,25852,1434],{"class":633},[84,25854,13749],{"class":90},[84,25856,307],{"class":98},[84,25858,17764],{"class":146},[84,25860,22438],{"class":98},[84,25862,25863,25865,25867,25869],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,25864,1445],{"class":133},[84,25866,137],{"class":98},[84,25868,15685],{"class":146},[84,25870,150],{"class":98},[20,25872,25873],{},[53,25874,172],{},[75,25876,25878],{"className":77,"code":25877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25879,25880,25885,25890],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25881,25882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25883,25884],{"class":90},"name\n",[84,25886,25887],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25888,25889],{"class":90},"age\n",[84,25891,25892],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,25893,25894],{"class":90},"course\n",[20,25896,25897],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[75,25899,25901],{"className":77,"code":25900,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25902,25903,25915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25904,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25906,1428],{"class":633},[84,25908,19050],{"class":90},[84,25910,1434],{"class":633},[84,25912,13749],{"class":90},[84,25914,1440],{"class":98},[84,25916,25917,25919,25921,25923],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,25918,1445],{"class":133},[84,25920,137],{"class":98},[84,25922,15685],{"class":146},[84,25924,150],{"class":98},[20,25926,25927,25928,25931],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25929,25930],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[70,25933,1741,25935],{"id":25934},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25936,17905],{},[20,25938,224,25939,11443],{},[15,25940,17905],{},[30,25942,25943,25946,25949],{},[33,25944,25945],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,25947,25948],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,25950,25951],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25953,814],{},[75,25955,25957],{"className":77,"code":25956,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25958,25959,26012,26016,26031,26048],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,25960,25961,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25981,25983,25985,25987,25990,25992,25994,25997,25999,26001,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,25962,25963],{"class":90},"product ",[84,25965,95],{"class":94},[84,25967,11332],{"class":98},[84,25969,3711],{"class":185},[84,25971,8508],{"class":189},[84,25973,3711],{"class":185},[84,25975,3743],{"class":98},[84,25977,4211],{"class":185},[84,25979,25980],{"class":189},"Book",[84,25982,3711],{"class":185},[84,25984,106],{"class":98},[84,25986,4211],{"class":185},[84,25988,25989],{"class":189},"price",[84,25991,3711],{"class":185},[84,25993,3743],{"class":98},[84,25995,25996],{"class":102}," 12.99",[84,25998,106],{"class":98},[84,26000,4211],{"class":185},[84,26002,26003],{"class":189},"stock",[84,26005,3711],{"class":185},[84,26007,3743],{"class":98},[84,26009,5452],{"class":102},[84,26011,10149],{"class":98},[84,26013,26014],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26015,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,26017,26018,26020,26022,26024,26027,26029],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26019,156],{"class":133},[84,26021,137],{"class":98},[84,26023,3711],{"class":185},[84,26025,26026],{"class":189},"Available fields:",[84,26028,3711],{"class":185},[84,26030,150],{"class":98},[84,26032,26033,26035,26037,26039,26042,26044,26046],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26034,1428],{"class":633},[84,26036,19050],{"class":90},[84,26038,1434],{"class":633},[84,26040,26041],{"class":90}," product",[84,26043,307],{"class":98},[84,26045,17764],{"class":146},[84,26047,22438],{"class":98},[84,26049,26050,26052,26054,26056],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,26051,1445],{"class":133},[84,26053,137],{"class":98},[84,26055,15685],{"class":146},[84,26057,150],{"class":98},[20,26059,26060],{},[53,26061,172],{},[75,26063,26065],{"className":77,"code":26064,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,26066,26067,26074,26078,26083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26068,26069,26072],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26070,26071],{"class":90},"Available fields",[84,26073,1440],{"class":98},[84,26075,26076],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26077,25884],{"class":90},[84,26079,26080],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26081,26082],{"class":90},"price\n",[84,26084,26085],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26086,26087],{"class":90},"stock\n",[20,26089,26090],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[75,26092,26094],{"className":77,"code":26093,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,26095,26096,26132,26136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26097,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26099,25963],{"class":90},[84,26101,95],{"class":94},[84,26103,11332],{"class":98},[84,26105,3711],{"class":185},[84,26107,8508],{"class":189},[84,26109,3711],{"class":185},[84,26111,3743],{"class":98},[84,26113,4211],{"class":185},[84,26115,25980],{"class":189},[84,26117,3711],{"class":185},[84,26119,106],{"class":98},[84,26121,4211],{"class":185},[84,26123,25989],{"class":189},[84,26125,3711],{"class":185},[84,26127,3743],{"class":98},[84,26129,25996],{"class":102},[84,26131,10149],{"class":98},[84,26133,26134],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26135,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,26137,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26139,156],{"class":133},[84,26141,137],{"class":98},[84,26143,3711],{"class":185},[84,26145,8508],{"class":189},[84,26147,3711],{"class":185},[84,26149,22016],{"class":633},[84,26151,26041],{"class":146},[84,26153,307],{"class":98},[84,26155,17764],{"class":146},[84,26157,8033],{"class":98},[20,26159,26160,26161,307],{},"This works and returns ",[15,26162,4459],{},[20,26164,26165],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[75,26167,26169],{"className":77,"code":26168,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,26170,26171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26172,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26174,156],{"class":133},[84,26176,137],{"class":98},[84,26178,3711],{"class":185},[84,26180,8508],{"class":189},[84,26182,3711],{"class":185},[84,26184,22016],{"class":633},[84,26186,26041],{"class":146},[84,26188,150],{"class":98},[20,26190,26191,26192,307],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[303,26193,22049],{"href":17993},[70,26195,26197],{"id":26196},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,26199,26200,26201,307],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,26202,17905],{},[995,26204,9291,26206,26208],{"id":26205},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,26207,17905],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,26210,26211,26213],{},[15,26212,17905],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,26215,814],{},[75,26217,26219],{"className":77,"code":26218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,26220,26221,26257],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26222,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26224,10005],{"class":90},[84,26226,95],{"class":94},[84,26228,11332],{"class":98},[84,26230,3711],{"class":185},[84,26232,8508],{"class":189},[84,26234,3711],{"class":185},[84,26236,3743],{"class":98},[84,26238,4211],{"class":185},[84,26240,13723],{"class":189},[84,26242,3711],{"class":185},[84,26244,106],{"class":98},[84,26246,4211],{"class":185},[84,26248,10139],{"class":189},[84,26250,3711],{"class":185},[84,26252,3743],{"class":98},[84,26254,442],{"class":102},[84,26256,10149],{"class":98},[84,26258,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26260,156],{"class":133},[84,26262,137],{"class":98},[84,26264,10044],{"class":146},[84,26266,307],{"class":98},[84,26268,17764],{"class":146},[84,26270,8033],{"class":98},[20,26272,26273],{},[53,26274,172],{},[75,26276,26278],{"className":77,"code":26277,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,26279,26280],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26281,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26283,17855],{"class":146},[84,26285,3845],{"class":98},[84,26287,186],{"class":185},[84,26289,8508],{"class":189},[84,26291,186],{"class":185},[84,26293,106],{"class":98},[84,26295,196],{"class":185},[84,26297,10139],{"class":189},[84,26299,186],{"class":185},[84,26301,4737],{"class":98},[20,26303,26304,26305,307],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[303,26306,26307],{"href":17915},[15,26308,17918],{},[995,26310,26312,26313],{"id":26311},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26314,17855],{},[20,26316,26317],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[75,26319,26321],{"className":77,"code":26320,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26322,26323],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26324,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26326,182],{"class":98},[84,26328,186],{"class":185},[84,26330,8508],{"class":189},[84,26332,186],{"class":185},[84,26334,106],{"class":98},[84,26336,196],{"class":185},[84,26338,10139],{"class":189},[84,26340,186],{"class":185},[84,26342,122],{"class":98},[20,26344,26345,26346,26348],{},"But ",[15,26347,17905],{}," returns:",[75,26350,26351],{"className":77,"code":26277,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,26352,26353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26354,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26356,17855],{"class":146},[84,26358,3845],{"class":98},[84,26360,186],{"class":185},[84,26362,8508],{"class":189},[84,26364,186],{"class":185},[84,26366,106],{"class":98},[84,26368,196],{"class":185},[84,26370,10139],{"class":189},[84,26372,186],{"class":185},[84,26374,4737],{"class":98},[20,26376,26377],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[75,26379,26381],{"className":77,"code":26380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26382,26383,26419,26438,26442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26384,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26386,10005],{"class":90},[84,26388,95],{"class":94},[84,26390,11332],{"class":98},[84,26392,3711],{"class":185},[84,26394,8508],{"class":189},[84,26396,3711],{"class":185},[84,26398,3743],{"class":98},[84,26400,4211],{"class":185},[84,26402,13723],{"class":189},[84,26404,3711],{"class":185},[84,26406,106],{"class":98},[84,26408,4211],{"class":185},[84,26410,10139],{"class":189},[84,26412,3711],{"class":185},[84,26414,3743],{"class":98},[84,26416,442],{"class":102},[84,26418,10149],{"class":98},[84,26420,26421,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26422,26423],{"class":90},"key_list ",[84,26425,95],{"class":94},[84,26427,1636],{"class":140},[84,26429,137],{"class":98},[84,26431,10044],{"class":146},[84,26433,307],{"class":98},[84,26435,17764],{"class":146},[84,26437,8033],{"class":98},[84,26439,26440],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26441,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,26443,26444,26446,26448,26451],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26445,156],{"class":133},[84,26447,137],{"class":98},[84,26449,26450],{"class":146},"key_list",[84,26452,150],{"class":98},[995,26454,26456,26457,26459],{"id":26455},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26458,17905],{}," on a list or string",[20,26461,26462,26464],{},[15,26463,17905],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26466,3693],{},[75,26468,26470],{"className":77,"code":26469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26471,26472,26492],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26473,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26475,91],{"class":90},[84,26477,95],{"class":94},[84,26479,99],{"class":98},[84,26481,103],{"class":102},[84,26483,106],{"class":98},[84,26485,109],{"class":102},[84,26487,106],{"class":98},[84,26489,114],{"class":102},[84,26491,122],{"class":98},[84,26493,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26495,156],{"class":133},[84,26497,137],{"class":98},[84,26499,535],{"class":146},[84,26501,307],{"class":98},[84,26503,17764],{"class":146},[84,26505,8033],{"class":98},[20,26507,26508,26509,26512,26513,26515,26516,307],{},"You may get an ",[15,26510,26511],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26514,17905],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[303,26517,26519,26520,26523],{"href":26518},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26521,26522],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[995,26525,26527],{"id":26526},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26529,26530],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[75,26532,26534],{"className":77,"code":26533,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26535,26536,26560],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26537,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26539,10005],{"class":90},[84,26541,95],{"class":94},[84,26543,11332],{"class":98},[84,26545,3711],{"class":185},[84,26547,8508],{"class":189},[84,26549,3711],{"class":185},[84,26551,3743],{"class":98},[84,26553,4211],{"class":185},[84,26555,13723],{"class":189},[84,26557,3711],{"class":185},[84,26559,10149],{"class":98},[84,26561,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26563,156],{"class":133},[84,26565,137],{"class":98},[84,26567,10044],{"class":146},[84,26569,307],{"class":98},[84,26571,17764],{"class":25590},[84,26573,150],{"class":98},[20,26575,26576],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26578,19536],{},[75,26580,26582],{"className":77,"code":26581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26583,26584],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26585,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26587,156],{"class":133},[84,26589,137],{"class":98},[84,26591,10044],{"class":146},[84,26593,307],{"class":98},[84,26595,17764],{"class":146},[84,26597,8033],{"class":98},[70,26599,3686],{"id":3685},[20,26601,26602,26603,3743],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26604,17905],{},[30,26606,26607,26612,26618,26624],{},[33,26608,595,26609,26611],{},[15,26610,17905],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,26613,26614,26615,26617],{},"Thinking ",[15,26616,17905],{}," returns values too",[33,26619,26620,26621,26623],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26622,17855],{}," like a normal list",[33,26625,26626,26627,26629],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26628,17855],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26631,26632],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[75,26634,26636],{"className":77,"code":26635,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26637,26638,26670,26684,26688,26698],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26639,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26641,10005],{"class":90},[84,26643,95],{"class":94},[84,26645,11332],{"class":98},[84,26647,3711],{"class":185},[84,26649,303],{"class":189},[84,26651,3711],{"class":185},[84,26653,3743],{"class":98},[84,26655,6341],{"class":102},[84,26657,106],{"class":98},[84,26659,4211],{"class":185},[84,26661,5608],{"class":189},[84,26663,3711],{"class":185},[84,26665,3743],{"class":98},[84,26667,109],{"class":102},[84,26669,10149],{"class":98},[84,26671,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26673,18082],{"class":90},[84,26675,95],{"class":94},[84,26677,15410],{"class":90},[84,26679,307],{"class":98},[84,26681,17764],{"class":146},[84,26683,9482],{"class":98},[84,26685,26686],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26687,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,26689,26690,26692,26694,26696],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26691,156],{"class":133},[84,26693,137],{"class":98},[84,26695,17764],{"class":146},[84,26697,150],{"class":98},[84,26699,26700],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,26701,26702],{"class":4517},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26704,26705],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[75,26707,26709],{"className":77,"code":26708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26710,26711,26743,26761,26765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26712,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26714,10005],{"class":90},[84,26716,95],{"class":94},[84,26718,11332],{"class":98},[84,26720,3711],{"class":185},[84,26722,303],{"class":189},[84,26724,3711],{"class":185},[84,26726,3743],{"class":98},[84,26728,6341],{"class":102},[84,26730,106],{"class":98},[84,26732,4211],{"class":185},[84,26734,5608],{"class":189},[84,26736,3711],{"class":185},[84,26738,3743],{"class":98},[84,26740,109],{"class":102},[84,26742,10149],{"class":98},[84,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26746,18082],{"class":90},[84,26748,95],{"class":94},[84,26750,1636],{"class":140},[84,26752,137],{"class":98},[84,26754,10044],{"class":146},[84,26756,307],{"class":98},[84,26758,17764],{"class":146},[84,26760,8033],{"class":98},[84,26762,26763],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26764,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,26766,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26768,156],{"class":133},[84,26770,137],{"class":98},[84,26772,17764],{"class":146},[84,26774,182],{"class":98},[84,26776,2983],{"class":102},[84,26778,4737],{"class":98},[70,26780,26782],{"id":26781},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26784,11956],{},[75,26786,26788],{"className":77,"code":26787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26789,26790,26804,26814,26828],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,26791,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,26793,156],{"class":133},[84,26795,137],{"class":98},[84,26797,2624],{"class":140},[84,26799,137],{"class":98},[84,26801,12294],{"class":146},[84,26803,169],{"class":98},[84,26805,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,26807,156],{"class":133},[84,26809,137],{"class":98},[84,26811,12294],{"class":146},[84,26813,150],{"class":98},[84,26815,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,26817,156],{"class":133},[84,26819,137],{"class":98},[84,26821,12294],{"class":146},[84,26823,307],{"class":98},[84,26825,17764],{"class":146},[84,26827,8033],{"class":98},[84,26829,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,26831,156],{"class":133},[84,26833,137],{"class":98},[84,26835,161],{"class":140},[84,26837,137],{"class":98},[84,26839,12294],{"class":146},[84,26841,307],{"class":98},[84,26843,17764],{"class":146},[84,26845,7132],{"class":98},[20,26847,26848],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,26850,26851,26854,26857,26862],{},[33,26852,26853],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,26855,26856],{},"what data it contains",[33,26858,26859,26860,12548],{},"what ",[15,26861,17905],{},[33,26863,26864],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[70,26866,2694],{"id":2693},[995,26868,24760,26870,5990],{"id":26869},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26871,17905],{},[20,26873,18262,26874,26876],{},[15,26875,17855],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[995,26878,2715,26880,26883],{"id":26879},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26881,26882],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26885,26886,26887,26889,26890,307],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26888,17855],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26891,26892],{},"list(dict.keys())",[995,26894,26896,26897,3348],{"id":26895},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26898,26882],{},[20,26900,26901,26902,26904],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26903,1428],{}," loop.",[995,26906,26908,26909,26911],{"id":26907},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26910,17905],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26913,26914,26915,26917],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26916,17905],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[995,26919,26921],{"id":26920},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26923,224,26924,307],{},[15,26925,26926],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[70,26928,2751],{"id":2750},[30,26930,26931,26936,26942,26948,26954,26958],{},[33,26932,26933],{},[303,26934,26935],{"href":10231},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,26937,26938],{},[303,26939,11579,26940,11583],{"href":17908},[15,26941,17911],{},[33,26943,26944],{},[303,26945,11579,26946,11583],{"href":17915},[15,26947,17918],{},[33,26949,26950],{},[303,26951,26953],{"href":26952},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,26955,26956],{},[303,26957,17994],{"href":17993},[33,26959,26960],{},[303,26961,26962,26963,26523],{"href":26518},"How to fix ",[15,26964,26522],{},[2785,26966,26967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":26969},[26970,26971,26973,26974,26975,26976,26977,26979,26988,26989,26990,27001],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":25090,"depth":125,"text":26972},"What keys() does",{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":25778,"depth":125,"text":25779},{"id":25934,"depth":125,"text":26978},"When to use keys()",{"id":26196,"depth":125,"text":26197,"children":26980},[26981,26983,26985,26987],{"id":26205,"depth":153,"text":26982},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26311,"depth":153,"text":26984},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26455,"depth":153,"text":26986},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26526,"depth":153,"text":26527},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":26781,"depth":125,"text":26782},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":26991},[26992,26994,26996,26998,27000],{"id":26869,"depth":153,"text":26993},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26879,"depth":153,"text":26995},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26895,"depth":153,"text":26997},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26907,"depth":153,"text":26999},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26920,"depth":153,"text":26921},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24912,"description":27002},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":27008,"title":27009,"body":27010,"description":29283,"extension":2830,"meta":29284,"navigation":472,"path":29285,"seo":29286,"stem":29287,"__hash__":29288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":27011,"toc":29236},[27012,27017,27022,27025,27027,27173,27186,27191,27195,27209,27211,27314,27323,27325,27328,27366,27391,27393,27500,27502,27509,27512,27520,27522,27663,27671,27676,27680,27691,27693,27855,27858,27866,27873,27879,27976,27982,28059,28062,28074,28079,28085,28088,28092,28181,28184,28188,28292,28299,28386,28395,28397,28402,28408,28411,28457,28460,28526,28535,28541,28634,28640,28646,28689,28692,28757,28763,28855,28858,28862,28868,28893,28896,28992,28999,29001,29006,29097,29099,29127,29132,29134,29141,29144,29148,29158,29163,29166,29173,29183,29190,29198,29200,29233],[10,27013,12162,27015,12166],{"id":27014},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,27016,13605],{},[20,27018,27019,27021],{},[15,27020,13413],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,27023,27024],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[70,27026,4464],{"id":4463},[75,27028,27030],{"className":77,"code":27029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,27031,27032,27068,27092,27106,27119,27123,27128,27160],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27033,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27035,14048],{"class":90},[84,27037,95],{"class":94},[84,27039,11332],{"class":98},[84,27041,3711],{"class":185},[84,27043,8508],{"class":189},[84,27045,3711],{"class":185},[84,27047,3743],{"class":98},[84,27049,4211],{"class":185},[84,27051,13723],{"class":189},[84,27053,3711],{"class":185},[84,27055,106],{"class":98},[84,27057,4211],{"class":185},[84,27059,10139],{"class":189},[84,27061,3711],{"class":185},[84,27063,3743],{"class":98},[84,27065,10146],{"class":102},[84,27067,10149],{"class":98},[84,27069,27070,27073,27075,27077,27079,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27071,27072],{"class":90},"removed_age ",[84,27074,95],{"class":94},[84,27076,14091],{"class":90},[84,27078,307],{"class":98},[84,27080,27081],{"class":146},"pop",[84,27083,137],{"class":98},[84,27085,3711],{"class":185},[84,27087,10139],{"class":189},[84,27089,3711],{"class":185},[84,27091,150],{"class":98},[84,27093,27094,27096,27098,27101,27103],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27095,156],{"class":133},[84,27097,137],{"class":98},[84,27099,27100],{"class":146},"removed_age",[84,27102,1970],{"class":98},[84,27104,27105],{"class":4517},"   # 25\n",[84,27107,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27109,156],{"class":133},[84,27111,137],{"class":98},[84,27113,18147],{"class":146},[84,27115,1970],{"class":98},[84,27117,27118],{"class":4517},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[84,27120,27121],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27122,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27124,27125],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,27126,27127],{"class":4517},"# Safe version with default value\n",[84,27129,27130,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27156,27158],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,27131,27132],{"class":90},"country ",[84,27134,95],{"class":94},[84,27136,14091],{"class":90},[84,27138,307],{"class":98},[84,27140,27081],{"class":146},[84,27142,137],{"class":98},[84,27144,3711],{"class":185},[84,27146,16105],{"class":189},[84,27148,3711],{"class":185},[84,27150,106],{"class":98},[84,27152,4211],{"class":185},[84,27154,27155],{"class":189},"Not found",[84,27157,3711],{"class":185},[84,27159,150],{"class":98},[84,27161,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,27163,156],{"class":133},[84,27165,137],{"class":98},[84,27167,16105],{"class":146},[84,27169,1970],{"class":98},[84,27171,27172],{"class":4517},"       # Not found\n",[20,27174,224,27175,27178,27179,27182,27183,27185],{},[15,27176,27177],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,27180,27181],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,27184,20529],{}," when the key might not exist.",[70,27187,235,27189,238],{"id":27188},"what-dictpop-does",[15,27190,13413],{},[20,27192,27193,3743],{},[15,27194,13413],{},[30,27196,27197,27200,27203,27206],{},[33,27198,27199],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,27201,27202],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,27204,27205],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,27207,27208],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,27210,814],{},[75,27212,27214],{"className":77,"code":27213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,27215,27216,27256,27260,27283,27287,27301],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27219,12331],{"class":90},[84,27221,95],{"class":94},[84,27223,11332],{"class":98},[84,27225,3711],{"class":185},[84,27227,8508],{"class":189},[84,27229,3711],{"class":185},[84,27231,3743],{"class":98},[84,27233,4211],{"class":185},[84,27235,14065],{"class":189},[84,27237,3711],{"class":185},[84,27239,106],{"class":98},[84,27241,4211],{"class":185},[84,27243,11250],{"class":189},[84,27245,3711],{"class":185},[84,27247,3743],{"class":98},[84,27249,4211],{"class":185},[84,27251,11257],{"class":189},[84,27253,3711],{"class":185},[84,27255,10149],{"class":98},[84,27257,27258],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27259,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27261,27262,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27263,27264],{"class":90},"removed_city ",[84,27266,95],{"class":94},[84,27268,12414],{"class":90},[84,27270,307],{"class":98},[84,27272,27081],{"class":146},[84,27274,137],{"class":98},[84,27276,3711],{"class":185},[84,27278,11250],{"class":189},[84,27280,3711],{"class":185},[84,27282,150],{"class":98},[84,27284,27285],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27286,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27288,27289,27291,27293,27296,27298],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27290,156],{"class":133},[84,27292,137],{"class":98},[84,27294,27295],{"class":146},"removed_city",[84,27297,1970],{"class":98},[84,27299,27300],{"class":4517},"  # Paris\n",[84,27302,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,27304,156],{"class":133},[84,27306,137],{"class":98},[84,27308,12425],{"class":146},[84,27310,1970],{"class":98},[84,27312,27313],{"class":4517},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27315,21613,27316,27319,27320,307],{},[15,27317,27318],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27321,27322],{},"\"Paris\"",[70,27324,311],{"id":310},[20,27326,27327],{},"There are two common forms:",[75,27329,27331],{"className":77,"code":27330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27332,27333,27347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27334,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27336,12294],{"class":90},[84,27338,307],{"class":98},[84,27340,27081],{"class":146},[84,27342,137],{"class":98},[84,27344,15685],{"class":146},[84,27346,150],{"class":98},[84,27348,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27364],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27350,12294],{"class":90},[84,27352,307],{"class":98},[84,27354,27081],{"class":146},[84,27356,137],{"class":98},[84,27358,15685],{"class":146},[84,27360,106],{"class":98},[84,27362,27363],{"class":146}," default",[84,27365,150],{"class":98},[30,27367,27368,27374,27382,27388],{},[33,27369,27370,27373],{},[15,27371,27372],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,27375,27376,27378,27379,27381],{},[15,27377,27372],{}," raises ",[15,27380,20529],{}," if the key is missing",[33,27383,27384,27387],{},[15,27385,27386],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,27389,27390],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27392,814],{},[75,27394,27396],{"className":77,"code":27395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27397,27398,27430,27434,27459,27487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27399,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27401,5911],{"class":90},[84,27403,95],{"class":94},[84,27405,11332],{"class":98},[84,27407,3711],{"class":185},[84,27409,19258],{"class":189},[84,27411,3711],{"class":185},[84,27413,3743],{"class":98},[84,27415,20740],{"class":102},[84,27417,106],{"class":98},[84,27419,4211],{"class":185},[84,27421,19267],{"class":189},[84,27423,3711],{"class":185},[84,27425,3743],{"class":98},[84,27427,14351],{"class":102},[84,27429,10149],{"class":98},[84,27431,27432],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27433,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27437,156],{"class":133},[84,27439,137],{"class":98},[84,27441,17231],{"class":146},[84,27443,307],{"class":98},[84,27445,27081],{"class":146},[84,27447,137],{"class":98},[84,27449,3711],{"class":185},[84,27451,19258],{"class":189},[84,27453,3711],{"class":185},[84,27455,6204],{"class":98},[84,27457,27458],{"class":4517},"         # 90\n",[84,27460,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27462,156],{"class":133},[84,27464,137],{"class":98},[84,27466,17231],{"class":146},[84,27468,307],{"class":98},[84,27470,27081],{"class":146},[84,27472,137],{"class":98},[84,27474,3711],{"class":185},[84,27476,19276],{"class":189},[84,27478,3711],{"class":185},[84,27480,106],{"class":98},[84,27482,4685],{"class":102},[84,27484,6204],{"class":98},[84,27486,21610],{"class":4517},[84,27488,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27490,156],{"class":133},[84,27492,137],{"class":98},[84,27494,17231],{"class":146},[84,27496,1970],{"class":98},[84,27498,27499],{"class":4517},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[70,27501,18259],{"id":18258},[20,27503,27504,51,27506,27508],{},[15,27505,13605],{},[53,27507,55],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27510,27511],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,27513,27514,27517],{},[33,27515,27516],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,27518,27519],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27521,814],{},[75,27523,27525],{"className":77,"code":27524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27526,27527,27559,27563,27586,27618,27622,27636,27650],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27528,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27530,10005],{"class":90},[84,27532,95],{"class":94},[84,27534,11332],{"class":98},[84,27536,3711],{"class":185},[84,27538,303],{"class":189},[84,27540,3711],{"class":185},[84,27542,3743],{"class":98},[84,27544,6847],{"class":102},[84,27546,106],{"class":98},[84,27548,4211],{"class":185},[84,27550,5608],{"class":189},[84,27552,3711],{"class":185},[84,27554,3743],{"class":98},[84,27556,442],{"class":102},[84,27558,10149],{"class":98},[84,27560,27561],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27562,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27564,27565,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27566,27567],{"class":90},"result1 ",[84,27569,95],{"class":94},[84,27571,15410],{"class":90},[84,27573,307],{"class":98},[84,27575,27081],{"class":146},[84,27577,137],{"class":98},[84,27579,3711],{"class":185},[84,27581,303],{"class":189},[84,27583,3711],{"class":185},[84,27585,150],{"class":98},[84,27587,27588,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27614,27616],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27589,27590],{"class":90},"result2 ",[84,27592,95],{"class":94},[84,27594,15410],{"class":90},[84,27596,307],{"class":98},[84,27598,27081],{"class":146},[84,27600,137],{"class":98},[84,27602,3711],{"class":185},[84,27604,10580],{"class":189},[84,27606,3711],{"class":185},[84,27608,106],{"class":98},[84,27610,4211],{"class":185},[84,27612,27613],{"class":189},"missing",[84,27615,3711],{"class":185},[84,27617,150],{"class":98},[84,27619,27620],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27621,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27623,27624,27626,27628,27631,27633],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,27625,156],{"class":133},[84,27627,137],{"class":98},[84,27629,27630],{"class":146},"result1",[84,27632,1970],{"class":98},[84,27634,27635],{"class":4517},"  # 10\n",[84,27637,27638,27640,27642,27645,27647],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,27639,156],{"class":133},[84,27641,137],{"class":98},[84,27643,27644],{"class":146},"result2",[84,27646,1970],{"class":98},[84,27648,27649],{"class":4517},"  # missing\n",[84,27651,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,27653,156],{"class":133},[84,27655,137],{"class":98},[84,27657,10044],{"class":146},[84,27659,1970],{"class":98},[84,27661,27662],{"class":4517},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27664,27665,27666,7470],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[303,27667,27668],{"href":11578},[15,27669,27670],{},"dict.get()",[70,27672,1741,27674],{"id":27673},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27675,13605],{},[20,27677,224,27678,11443],{},[15,27679,13605],{},[30,27681,27682,27685,27688],{},[33,27683,27684],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,27686,27687],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,27689,27690],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27692,814],{},[75,27694,27696],{"className":77,"code":27695,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27697,27698,27750,27754,27781,27785,27809,27813,27827,27841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27699,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27734,27736,27738,27741,27743,27745,27748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27701,25963],{"class":90},[84,27703,95],{"class":94},[84,27705,11332],{"class":98},[84,27707,3711],{"class":185},[84,27709,8508],{"class":189},[84,27711,3711],{"class":185},[84,27713,3743],{"class":98},[84,27715,4211],{"class":185},[84,27717,27718],{"class":189},"Laptop",[84,27720,3711],{"class":185},[84,27722,106],{"class":98},[84,27724,4211],{"class":185},[84,27726,25989],{"class":189},[84,27728,3711],{"class":185},[84,27730,3743],{"class":98},[84,27732,27733],{"class":102}," 1200",[84,27735,106],{"class":98},[84,27737,4211],{"class":185},[84,27739,27740],{"class":189},"discount",[84,27742,3711],{"class":185},[84,27744,3743],{"class":98},[84,27746,27747],{"class":102}," 200",[84,27749,10149],{"class":98},[84,27751,27752],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27753,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27755,27756,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27757,27758],{"class":90},"discount_amount ",[84,27760,95],{"class":94},[84,27762,26041],{"class":90},[84,27764,307],{"class":98},[84,27766,27081],{"class":146},[84,27768,137],{"class":98},[84,27770,3711],{"class":185},[84,27772,27740],{"class":189},[84,27774,3711],{"class":185},[84,27776,106],{"class":98},[84,27778,4685],{"class":102},[84,27780,150],{"class":98},[84,27782,27783],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27784,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27786,27787,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27788,27789],{"class":90},"final_price ",[84,27791,95],{"class":94},[84,27793,26041],{"class":90},[84,27795,182],{"class":98},[84,27797,3711],{"class":185},[84,27799,25989],{"class":189},[84,27801,3711],{"class":185},[84,27803,14117],{"class":98},[84,27805,3081],{"class":94},[84,27807,27808],{"class":90}," discount_amount\n",[84,27810,27811],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,27812,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27814,27815,27817,27819,27822,27824],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,27816,156],{"class":133},[84,27818,137],{"class":98},[84,27820,27821],{"class":146},"discount_amount",[84,27823,1970],{"class":98},[84,27825,27826],{"class":4517},"  # 200\n",[84,27828,27829,27831,27833,27836,27838],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,27830,156],{"class":133},[84,27832,137],{"class":98},[84,27834,27835],{"class":146},"final_price",[84,27837,1970],{"class":98},[84,27839,27840],{"class":4517},"      # 1000\n",[84,27842,27843,27845,27847,27850,27852],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,27844,156],{"class":133},[84,27846,137],{"class":98},[84,27848,27849],{"class":146},"product",[84,27851,1970],{"class":98},[84,27853,27854],{"class":4517},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27856,27857],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[70,27859,27861,11427,27863],{"id":27860},"pop-vs-del",[15,27862,13605],{},[15,27864,27865],{},"del",[20,27867,11432,27868,5241,27870,27872],{},[15,27869,13605],{},[15,27871,27865],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[995,27874,224,27876,27878],{"id":27875},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27877,13605],{}," when you need the removed value",[75,27880,27882],{"className":77,"code":27881,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27883,27884,27920,27924,27946,27950,27963],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27885,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27887,14048],{"class":90},[84,27889,95],{"class":94},[84,27891,11332],{"class":98},[84,27893,3711],{"class":185},[84,27895,8508],{"class":189},[84,27897,3711],{"class":185},[84,27899,3743],{"class":98},[84,27901,4211],{"class":185},[84,27903,13723],{"class":189},[84,27905,3711],{"class":185},[84,27907,106],{"class":98},[84,27909,4211],{"class":185},[84,27911,10139],{"class":189},[84,27913,3711],{"class":185},[84,27915,3743],{"class":98},[84,27917,10146],{"class":102},[84,27919,10149],{"class":98},[84,27921,27922],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,27923,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27925,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,27927,22471],{"class":90},[84,27929,95],{"class":94},[84,27931,14091],{"class":90},[84,27933,307],{"class":98},[84,27935,27081],{"class":146},[84,27937,137],{"class":98},[84,27939,3711],{"class":185},[84,27941,10139],{"class":189},[84,27943,3711],{"class":185},[84,27945,150],{"class":98},[84,27947,27948],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,27949,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,27951,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,27953,156],{"class":133},[84,27955,137],{"class":98},[84,27957,10139],{"class":146},[84,27959,1970],{"class":98},[84,27961,27962],{"class":4517},"     # 25\n",[84,27964,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,27966,156],{"class":133},[84,27968,137],{"class":98},[84,27970,18147],{"class":146},[84,27972,1970],{"class":98},[84,27974,27975],{"class":4517},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[995,27977,224,27979,27981],{"id":27978},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27980,27865],{}," when you only want deletion",[75,27983,27985],{"className":77,"code":27984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27986,27987,28023,28027,28043,28047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,27988,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,27990,14048],{"class":90},[84,27992,95],{"class":94},[84,27994,11332],{"class":98},[84,27996,3711],{"class":185},[84,27998,8508],{"class":189},[84,28000,3711],{"class":185},[84,28002,3743],{"class":98},[84,28004,4211],{"class":185},[84,28006,13723],{"class":189},[84,28008,3711],{"class":185},[84,28010,106],{"class":98},[84,28012,4211],{"class":185},[84,28014,10139],{"class":189},[84,28016,3711],{"class":185},[84,28018,3743],{"class":98},[84,28020,10146],{"class":102},[84,28022,10149],{"class":98},[84,28024,28025],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28026,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28028,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28030,27865],{"class":633},[84,28032,14091],{"class":90},[84,28034,182],{"class":98},[84,28036,3711],{"class":185},[84,28038,10139],{"class":189},[84,28040,3711],{"class":185},[84,28042,122],{"class":98},[84,28044,28045],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28046,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28048,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28050,156],{"class":133},[84,28052,137],{"class":98},[84,28054,18147],{"class":146},[84,28056,1970],{"class":98},[84,28058,27975],{"class":4517},[20,28060,28061],{},"Difference:",[30,28063,28064,28069],{},[33,28065,28066,28068],{},[15,28067,13605],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,28070,28071,28073],{},[15,28072,27865],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,28075,28076,28077,307],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[303,28078,13418],{"href":13417},[70,28080,28082,28083],{"id":28081},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,28084,20529],{},[20,28086,28087],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[995,28089,28091],{"id":28090},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[75,28093,28095],{"className":77,"code":28094,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28096,28097,28122,28126,28152,28156,28168],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28098,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28118,28120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28100,12567],{"class":90},[84,28102,95],{"class":94},[84,28104,11332],{"class":98},[84,28106,3711],{"class":185},[84,28108,8508],{"class":189},[84,28110,3711],{"class":185},[84,28112,3743],{"class":98},[84,28114,4211],{"class":185},[84,28116,28117],{"class":189},"Sara",[84,28119,3711],{"class":185},[84,28121,10149],{"class":98},[84,28123,28124],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28125,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28127,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28129,3304],{"class":90},[84,28131,95],{"class":94},[84,28133,12609],{"class":90},[84,28135,307],{"class":98},[84,28137,27081],{"class":146},[84,28139,137],{"class":98},[84,28141,3711],{"class":185},[84,28143,10139],{"class":189},[84,28145,3711],{"class":185},[84,28147,106],{"class":98},[84,28149,4705],{"class":4704},[84,28151,150],{"class":98},[84,28153,28154],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28155,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28157,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28159,156],{"class":133},[84,28161,137],{"class":98},[84,28163,3329],{"class":146},[84,28165,1970],{"class":98},[84,28167,21403],{"class":4517},[84,28169,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,28171,156],{"class":133},[84,28173,137],{"class":98},[84,28175,12294],{"class":146},[84,28177,1970],{"class":98},[84,28179,28180],{"class":4517}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,28182,28183],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[995,28185,28187],{"id":28186},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[75,28189,28191],{"className":77,"code":28190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,28192,28193,28217,28221,28237,28260,28270,28277],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28194,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28196,12567],{"class":90},[84,28198,95],{"class":94},[84,28200,11332],{"class":98},[84,28202,3711],{"class":185},[84,28204,8508],{"class":189},[84,28206,3711],{"class":185},[84,28208,3743],{"class":98},[84,28210,4211],{"class":185},[84,28212,28117],{"class":189},[84,28214,3711],{"class":185},[84,28216,10149],{"class":98},[84,28218,28219],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28220,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28222,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28224,7836],{"class":633},[84,28226,4211],{"class":185},[84,28228,10139],{"class":189},[84,28230,3711],{"class":185},[84,28232,22016],{"class":94},[84,28234,12609],{"class":90},[84,28236,1440],{"class":98},[84,28238,28239,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28240,28241],{"class":90},"    value ",[84,28243,95],{"class":94},[84,28245,12609],{"class":90},[84,28247,307],{"class":98},[84,28249,27081],{"class":146},[84,28251,137],{"class":98},[84,28253,3711],{"class":185},[84,28255,10139],{"class":189},[84,28257,3711],{"class":185},[84,28259,150],{"class":98},[84,28261,28262,28264,28266,28268],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28263,1445],{"class":133},[84,28265,137],{"class":98},[84,28267,3329],{"class":146},[84,28269,150],{"class":98},[84,28271,28272,28275],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,28273,28274],{"class":633},"else",[84,28276,1440],{"class":98},[84,28278,28279,28281,28283,28285,28288,28290],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,28280,1445],{"class":133},[84,28282,137],{"class":98},[84,28284,3711],{"class":185},[84,28286,28287],{"class":189},"Key not found",[84,28289,3711],{"class":185},[84,28291,150],{"class":98},[995,28293,28295,28296,28298],{"id":28294},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,28297,11582],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[75,28300,28302],{"className":77,"code":28301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28303,28304,28328,28332,28358,28362,28374],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28305,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28307,12567],{"class":90},[84,28309,95],{"class":94},[84,28311,11332],{"class":98},[84,28313,3711],{"class":185},[84,28315,8508],{"class":189},[84,28317,3711],{"class":185},[84,28319,3743],{"class":98},[84,28321,4211],{"class":185},[84,28323,28117],{"class":189},[84,28325,3711],{"class":185},[84,28327,10149],{"class":98},[84,28329,28330],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28331,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28333,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28335,3304],{"class":90},[84,28337,95],{"class":94},[84,28339,12609],{"class":90},[84,28341,307],{"class":98},[84,28343,20592],{"class":146},[84,28345,137],{"class":98},[84,28347,3711],{"class":185},[84,28349,10139],{"class":189},[84,28351,3711],{"class":185},[84,28353,106],{"class":98},[84,28355,4705],{"class":4704},[84,28357,150],{"class":98},[84,28359,28360],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28361,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28363,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28365,156],{"class":133},[84,28367,137],{"class":98},[84,28369,3329],{"class":146},[84,28371,1970],{"class":98},[84,28373,21403],{"class":4517},[84,28375,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,28377,156],{"class":133},[84,28379,137],{"class":98},[84,28381,12294],{"class":146},[84,28383,1970],{"class":98},[84,28385,28180],{"class":4517},[20,28387,224,28388,28392,28393,307],{},[303,28389,28390],{"href":11578},[15,28391,27670],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[303,28394,12106],{"href":11917},[70,28396,2058],{"id":2057},[20,28398,28399,28400,307],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28401,13413],{},[995,28403,26614,28405,28407],{"id":28404},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28406,13605],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28409,28410],{},"Lists use indexes:",[75,28412,28414],{"className":77,"code":28413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28415,28416,28436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28417,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28419,91],{"class":90},[84,28421,95],{"class":94},[84,28423,99],{"class":98},[84,28425,437],{"class":102},[84,28427,106],{"class":98},[84,28429,442],{"class":102},[84,28431,106],{"class":98},[84,28433,447],{"class":102},[84,28435,122],{"class":98},[84,28437,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28439,156],{"class":133},[84,28441,137],{"class":98},[84,28443,535],{"class":146},[84,28445,307],{"class":98},[84,28447,27081],{"class":146},[84,28449,137],{"class":98},[84,28451,103],{"class":102},[84,28453,6204],{"class":98},[84,28455,28456],{"class":4517},"  # 20\n",[20,28458,28459],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[75,28461,28463],{"className":77,"code":28462,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28464,28465,28501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28466,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28468,14048],{"class":90},[84,28470,95],{"class":94},[84,28472,11332],{"class":98},[84,28474,3711],{"class":185},[84,28476,8508],{"class":189},[84,28478,3711],{"class":185},[84,28480,3743],{"class":98},[84,28482,4211],{"class":185},[84,28484,13723],{"class":189},[84,28486,3711],{"class":185},[84,28488,106],{"class":98},[84,28490,4211],{"class":185},[84,28492,10139],{"class":189},[84,28494,3711],{"class":185},[84,28496,3743],{"class":98},[84,28498,10146],{"class":102},[84,28500,10149],{"class":98},[84,28502,28503,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28504,156],{"class":133},[84,28506,137],{"class":98},[84,28508,18147],{"class":146},[84,28510,307],{"class":98},[84,28512,27081],{"class":146},[84,28514,137],{"class":98},[84,28516,3711],{"class":185},[84,28518,10139],{"class":189},[84,28520,3711],{"class":185},[84,28522,6204],{"class":98},[84,28524,28525],{"class":4517},"  # 25\n",[20,28527,28528,28529,28531,28532,28534],{},"A dictionary does ",[53,28530,55],{}," use positions with ",[15,28533,13605],{},". It uses keys.",[995,28536,5551,28538,28540],{"id":28537},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28539,13605],{}," changes the original dictionary",[75,28542,28544],{"className":77,"code":28543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28545,28546,28578,28582,28604,28608,28621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28547,28548,28550,28552,28554,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28549,10005],{"class":90},[84,28551,95],{"class":94},[84,28553,11332],{"class":98},[84,28555,3711],{"class":185},[84,28557,625],{"class":189},[84,28559,3711],{"class":185},[84,28561,3743],{"class":98},[84,28563,6341],{"class":102},[84,28565,106],{"class":98},[84,28567,4211],{"class":185},[84,28569,12588],{"class":189},[84,28571,3711],{"class":185},[84,28573,3743],{"class":98},[84,28575,109],{"class":102},[84,28577,10149],{"class":98},[84,28579,28580],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28581,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28583,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28585,3304],{"class":90},[84,28587,95],{"class":94},[84,28589,15410],{"class":90},[84,28591,307],{"class":98},[84,28593,27081],{"class":146},[84,28595,137],{"class":98},[84,28597,3711],{"class":185},[84,28599,625],{"class":189},[84,28601,3711],{"class":185},[84,28603,150],{"class":98},[84,28605,28606],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28607,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28609,28610,28612,28614,28616,28618],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28611,156],{"class":133},[84,28613,137],{"class":98},[84,28615,3329],{"class":146},[84,28617,1970],{"class":98},[84,28619,28620],{"class":4517},"  # 1\n",[84,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,28624,156],{"class":133},[84,28626,137],{"class":98},[84,28628,10044],{"class":146},[84,28630,1970],{"class":98},[84,28632,28633],{"class":4517},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28635,28636,28637,28639],{},"After ",[15,28638,13605],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[995,28641,595,28643,28645],{"id":28642},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28644,13605],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[75,28647,28649],{"className":77,"code":28648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28650,28651,28675,28679,28684],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28652,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28654,10005],{"class":90},[84,28656,95],{"class":94},[84,28658,11332],{"class":98},[84,28660,3711],{"class":185},[84,28662,8508],{"class":189},[84,28664,3711],{"class":185},[84,28666,3743],{"class":98},[84,28668,4211],{"class":185},[84,28670,8761],{"class":189},[84,28672,3711],{"class":185},[84,28674,10149],{"class":98},[84,28676,28677],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28678,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28680,28681],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28682,28683],{"class":4517},"# This causes an error\n",[84,28685,28686],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28687,28688],{"class":4517},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28690,28691],{},"Safer version:",[75,28693,28695],{"className":77,"code":28694,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28696,28697,28721,28725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28698,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28700,10005],{"class":90},[84,28702,95],{"class":94},[84,28704,11332],{"class":98},[84,28706,3711],{"class":185},[84,28708,8508],{"class":189},[84,28710,3711],{"class":185},[84,28712,3743],{"class":98},[84,28714,4211],{"class":185},[84,28716,8761],{"class":189},[84,28718,3711],{"class":185},[84,28720,10149],{"class":98},[84,28722,28723],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28724,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28726,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28728,156],{"class":133},[84,28730,137],{"class":98},[84,28732,10044],{"class":146},[84,28734,307],{"class":98},[84,28736,27081],{"class":146},[84,28738,137],{"class":98},[84,28740,3711],{"class":185},[84,28742,10139],{"class":189},[84,28744,3711],{"class":185},[84,28746,106],{"class":98},[84,28748,4211],{"class":185},[84,28750,27613],{"class":189},[84,28752,3711],{"class":185},[84,28754,6204],{"class":98},[84,28756,27649],{"class":4517},[995,28758,9291,28760,28762],{"id":28759},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28761,13605],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[75,28764,28766],{"className":77,"code":28765,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28767,28768,28800,28804,28826,28830,28842],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28769,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28771,10005],{"class":90},[84,28773,95],{"class":94},[84,28775,11332],{"class":98},[84,28777,3711],{"class":185},[84,28779,303],{"class":189},[84,28781,3711],{"class":185},[84,28783,3743],{"class":98},[84,28785,6341],{"class":102},[84,28787,106],{"class":98},[84,28789,4211],{"class":185},[84,28791,5608],{"class":189},[84,28793,3711],{"class":185},[84,28795,3743],{"class":98},[84,28797,109],{"class":102},[84,28799,10149],{"class":98},[84,28801,28802],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28803,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28805,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28807,128],{"class":90},[84,28809,95],{"class":94},[84,28811,15410],{"class":90},[84,28813,307],{"class":98},[84,28815,27081],{"class":146},[84,28817,137],{"class":98},[84,28819,3711],{"class":185},[84,28821,303],{"class":189},[84,28823,3711],{"class":185},[84,28825,150],{"class":98},[84,28827,28828],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28829,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28831,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,28833,156],{"class":133},[84,28835,137],{"class":98},[84,28837,166],{"class":146},[84,28839,1970],{"class":98},[84,28841,28620],{"class":4517},[84,28843,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,28845,156],{"class":133},[84,28847,137],{"class":98},[84,28849,10044],{"class":146},[84,28851,1970],{"class":98},[84,28853,28854],{"class":4517},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28856,28857],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[70,28859,28861],{"id":28860},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28863,28864,28865,28867],{},"Problems with ",[15,28866,13413],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,28869,28870,28873,28882,28885],{},[33,28871,28872],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,28874,28875,28876,28879,28880],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28877,28878],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28881,27177],{},[33,28883,28884],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,28886,28887,28888,11935,28890],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28889,103],{},[15,28891,28892],{},"\"1\"",[20,28894,28895],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[75,28897,28899],{"className":77,"code":28898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28900,28901,28925,28929,28959],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,28902,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,28904,10005],{"class":90},[84,28906,95],{"class":94},[84,28908,11332],{"class":98},[84,28910,3711],{"class":185},[84,28912,103],{"class":189},[84,28914,3711],{"class":185},[84,28916,3743],{"class":98},[84,28918,4211],{"class":185},[84,28920,7424],{"class":189},[84,28922,3711],{"class":185},[84,28924,10149],{"class":98},[84,28926,28927],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,28928,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,28930,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28952,28954,28956],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,28932,156],{"class":133},[84,28934,137],{"class":98},[84,28936,10044],{"class":146},[84,28938,307],{"class":98},[84,28940,27081],{"class":146},[84,28942,137],{"class":98},[84,28944,103],{"class":102},[84,28946,106],{"class":98},[84,28948,4211],{"class":185},[84,28950,28951],{"class":189},"not found",[84,28953,3711],{"class":185},[84,28955,6204],{"class":98},[84,28957,28958],{"class":4517},"    # not found\n",[84,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,28962,156],{"class":133},[84,28964,137],{"class":98},[84,28966,10044],{"class":146},[84,28968,307],{"class":98},[84,28970,27081],{"class":146},[84,28972,137],{"class":98},[84,28974,3711],{"class":185},[84,28976,103],{"class":189},[84,28978,3711],{"class":185},[84,28980,106],{"class":98},[84,28982,4211],{"class":185},[84,28984,28951],{"class":189},[84,28986,3711],{"class":185},[84,28988,6204],{"class":98},[84,28990,28991],{"class":4517},"  # one\n",[20,28993,28994,5241,28996,28998],{},[15,28995,103],{},[15,28997,28892],{}," are different keys.",[70,29000,9712],{"id":9711},[20,29002,2583,29003,29005],{},[15,29004,13605],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,29007,29009],{"className":77,"code":29008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,29010,29011,29021,29035,29053,29083],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29012,29013,29015,29017,29019],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29014,156],{"class":133},[84,29016,137],{"class":98},[84,29018,12294],{"class":146},[84,29020,150],{"class":98},[84,29022,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29024,156],{"class":133},[84,29026,137],{"class":98},[84,29028,12294],{"class":146},[84,29030,307],{"class":98},[84,29032,17764],{"class":146},[84,29034,8033],{"class":98},[84,29036,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,29038,156],{"class":133},[84,29040,137],{"class":98},[84,29042,186],{"class":185},[84,29044,8508],{"class":189},[84,29046,186],{"class":185},[84,29048,22016],{"class":633},[84,29050,12609],{"class":146},[84,29052,150],{"class":98},[84,29054,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,29056,156],{"class":133},[84,29058,137],{"class":98},[84,29060,12294],{"class":146},[84,29062,307],{"class":98},[84,29064,27081],{"class":146},[84,29066,137],{"class":98},[84,29068,186],{"class":185},[84,29070,8508],{"class":189},[84,29072,186],{"class":185},[84,29074,106],{"class":98},[84,29076,196],{"class":185},[84,29078,27613],{"class":189},[84,29080,186],{"class":185},[84,29082,169],{"class":98},[84,29084,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,29086,156],{"class":133},[84,29088,137],{"class":98},[84,29090,2624],{"class":140},[84,29092,137],{"class":98},[84,29094,12294],{"class":146},[84,29096,169],{"class":98},[20,29098,22179],{},[30,29100,29101,29106,29111,29116,29122],{},[33,29102,29103,29105],{},[15,29104,13522],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,29107,29108,29110],{},[15,29109,22191],{}," shows all available keys",[33,29112,29113,29115],{},[15,29114,22197],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,29117,29118,29121],{},[15,29119,29120],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,29123,29124,29126],{},[15,29125,13528],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,29128,29129,29130,307],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[303,29131,10232],{"href":10231},[70,29133,2694],{"id":2693},[995,29135,29137,29138,29140],{"id":29136},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,29139,13605],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,29142,29143],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[995,29145,29147],{"id":29146},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,29149,29150,27378,29152,29154,29155,29157],{},[15,29151,27177],{},[15,29153,20529],{},". ",[15,29156,27181],{}," returns the default value instead.",[995,29159,2698,29161,15740],{"id":29160},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29162,13605],{},[20,29164,29165],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[995,29167,29169,29170,29172],{"id":29168},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,29171,13605],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,29174,29175,29176,29178,29179,307],{},"Not with ",[15,29177,13413],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[303,29180,29181],{"href":13424},[15,29182,13612],{},[995,29184,6024,29186,5241,29188,3348],{"id":29185},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,29187,11582],{},[15,29189,13605],{},[20,29191,29192,29194,29195,29197],{},[15,29193,11582],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,29196,13605],{}," reads and removes it.",[70,29199,2751],{"id":2750},[30,29201,29202,29208,29215,29219,29223,29227],{},[33,29203,29204],{},[303,29205,29206],{"href":11578},[15,29207,20510],{},[33,29209,29210],{},[303,29211,29212],{"href":13424},[15,29213,29214],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,29216,29217],{},[303,29218,13629],{"href":13417},[33,29220,29221],{},[303,29222,22300],{"href":17439},[33,29224,29225],{},[303,29226,12106],{"href":11917},[33,29228,29229],{},[303,29230,29232],{"href":29231},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2785,29234,29235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":29237},[29238,29239,29241,29242,29243,29245,29252,29259,29269,29270,29271,29282],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":27188,"depth":125,"text":29240},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":27673,"depth":125,"text":29244},"When to use pop()",{"id":27860,"depth":125,"text":29246,"children":29247},"pop() vs del",[29248,29250],{"id":27875,"depth":153,"text":29249},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27978,"depth":153,"text":29251},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":28081,"depth":125,"text":29253,"children":29254},"How to avoid KeyError",[29255,29256,29257],{"id":28090,"depth":153,"text":28091},{"id":28186,"depth":153,"text":28187},{"id":28294,"depth":153,"text":29258},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":29260},[29261,29263,29265,29267],{"id":28404,"depth":153,"text":29262},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28537,"depth":153,"text":29264},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28642,"depth":153,"text":29266},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28759,"depth":153,"text":29268},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28860,"depth":125,"text":28861},{"id":9711,"depth":125,"text":9712},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":29272},[29273,29275,29276,29278,29280],{"id":29136,"depth":153,"text":29274},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":29146,"depth":153,"text":29147},{"id":29160,"depth":153,"text":29277},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29168,"depth":153,"text":29279},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":29185,"depth":153,"text":29281},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":27009,"description":29283},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29290,"title":29214,"body":29291,"description":31231,"extension":2830,"meta":31232,"navigation":472,"path":31233,"seo":31234,"stem":31235,"__hash__":31236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29292,"toc":31195},[29293,29298,29303,29306,29314,29324,29326,29415,29419,29468,29473,29478,29482,29498,29501,29503,29518,29520,29536,29543,29547,29553,29562,29564,29633,29637,29658,29661,29680,29683,29706,29708,29711,29826,29830,29889,29896,29900,29906,30031,30035,30085,30088,30092,30099,30101,30164,30168,30189,30192,30201,30216,30224,30231,30235,30247,30251,30262,30264,30410,30414,30473,30480,30485,30489,30495,30518,30523,30542,30546,30617,30624,30697,30706,30711,30716,30727,30730,30867,30872,30904,30909,30911,30915,30975,30978,31035,31038,31081,31083,31088,31094,31100,31103,31110,31118,31123,31126,31133,31141,31143,31192],[10,29294,12162,29296,12166],{"id":29295},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,29297,13612],{},[20,29299,2847,29300,29302],{},[15,29301,13612],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,29304,29305],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,29307,29308,29311],{},[33,29309,29310],{},"remove an item",[33,29312,29313],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29315,29316,29317,29319,29320,29323],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29318,13612],{}," removes the ",[53,29321,29322],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[70,29325,73],{"id":72},[75,29327,29329],{"className":77,"code":29328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29330,29331,29375,29391,29395,29405],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29332,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29334,10005],{"class":90},[84,29336,95],{"class":94},[84,29338,11332],{"class":98},[84,29340,3711],{"class":185},[84,29342,303],{"class":189},[84,29344,3711],{"class":185},[84,29346,3743],{"class":98},[84,29348,6341],{"class":102},[84,29350,106],{"class":98},[84,29352,4211],{"class":185},[84,29354,5608],{"class":189},[84,29356,3711],{"class":185},[84,29358,3743],{"class":98},[84,29360,109],{"class":102},[84,29362,106],{"class":98},[84,29364,4211],{"class":185},[84,29366,10580],{"class":189},[84,29368,3711],{"class":185},[84,29370,3743],{"class":98},[84,29372,114],{"class":102},[84,29374,10149],{"class":98},[84,29376,29377,29380,29382,29384,29386,29389],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29378,29379],{"class":90},"item ",[84,29381,95],{"class":94},[84,29383,15410],{"class":90},[84,29385,307],{"class":98},[84,29387,29388],{"class":146},"popitem",[84,29390,9482],{"class":98},[84,29392,29393],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,29394,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29396,29397,29399,29401,29403],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,29398,156],{"class":133},[84,29400,137],{"class":98},[84,29402,1450],{"class":146},[84,29404,150],{"class":98},[84,29406,29407,29409,29411,29413],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,29408,156],{"class":133},[84,29410,137],{"class":98},[84,29412,10044],{"class":146},[84,29414,150],{"class":98},[20,29416,29417],{},[53,29418,172],{},[75,29420,29422],{"className":77,"code":29421,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29423,29424,29440],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29425,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29427,137],{"class":98},[84,29429,186],{"class":185},[84,29431,10580],{"class":189},[84,29433,186],{"class":185},[84,29435,106],{"class":98},[84,29437,114],{"class":102},[84,29439,150],{"class":98},[84,29441,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29443,10118],{"class":98},[84,29445,186],{"class":185},[84,29447,303],{"class":189},[84,29449,186],{"class":185},[84,29451,3743],{"class":98},[84,29453,6341],{"class":102},[84,29455,106],{"class":98},[84,29457,196],{"class":185},[84,29459,5608],{"class":189},[84,29461,186],{"class":185},[84,29463,3743],{"class":98},[84,29465,109],{"class":102},[84,29467,10149],{"class":98},[20,29469,29470,29472],{},[15,29471,13612],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[70,29474,235,29476,238],{"id":29475},"what-popitem-does",[15,29477,13612],{},[20,29479,29480,3743],{},[15,29481,13612],{},[30,29483,29484,29487,29492,29495],{},[33,29485,29486],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,29488,29489,29490],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29491,22498],{},[33,29493,29494],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,29496,29497],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29499,29500],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[70,29502,311],{"id":310},[75,29504,29506],{"className":77,"code":29505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29507,29508],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29509,29510,29512,29514,29516],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29511,16448],{"class":90},[84,29513,307],{"class":98},[84,29515,29388],{"class":146},[84,29517,9482],{"class":98},[20,29519,12303],{},[30,29521,29522,29530,29533],{},[33,29523,29524,29526,29527],{},[15,29525,13612],{}," takes ",[53,29528,29529],{},"no arguments",[33,29531,29532],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,29534,29535],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29537,29538,29539,7470],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[303,29540,29541],{"href":13410},[15,29542,13605],{},[70,29544,29546],{"id":29545},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29548,29549,29550,29552],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29551,13612],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29554,29555,29556,29559],"ol",{},[33,29557,29558],{},"the key",[33,29560,29561],{},"the value",[20,29563,814],{},[75,29565,29567],{"className":77,"code":29566,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29568,29569,29605,29619,29623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29570,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29572,14048],{"class":90},[84,29574,95],{"class":94},[84,29576,11332],{"class":98},[84,29578,3711],{"class":185},[84,29580,8508],{"class":189},[84,29582,3711],{"class":185},[84,29584,3743],{"class":98},[84,29586,4211],{"class":185},[84,29588,5851],{"class":189},[84,29590,3711],{"class":185},[84,29592,106],{"class":98},[84,29594,4211],{"class":185},[84,29596,10139],{"class":189},[84,29598,3711],{"class":185},[84,29600,3743],{"class":98},[84,29602,10146],{"class":102},[84,29604,10149],{"class":98},[84,29606,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29608,128],{"class":90},[84,29610,95],{"class":94},[84,29612,14091],{"class":90},[84,29614,307],{"class":98},[84,29616,29388],{"class":146},[84,29618,9482],{"class":98},[84,29620,29621],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,29622,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29624,29625,29627,29629,29631],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,29626,156],{"class":133},[84,29628,137],{"class":98},[84,29630,166],{"class":146},[84,29632,150],{"class":98},[20,29634,29635],{},[53,29636,172],{},[75,29638,29640],{"className":77,"code":29639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29641,29642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29643,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652,29654,29656],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29645,137],{"class":98},[84,29647,186],{"class":185},[84,29649,10139],{"class":189},[84,29651,186],{"class":185},[84,29653,106],{"class":98},[84,29655,10146],{"class":102},[84,29657,150],{"class":98},[20,29659,29660],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[75,29662,29664],{"className":77,"code":29663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29665,29666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29667,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29669,128],{"class":90},[84,29671,95],{"class":94},[84,29673,14091],{"class":90},[84,29675,307],{"class":98},[84,29677,29388],{"class":146},[84,29679,9482],{"class":98},[20,29681,29682],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[75,29684,29686],{"className":77,"code":29685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29687,29688],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29689,29690,29692,29694,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29691,15685],{"class":90},[84,29693,106],{"class":98},[84,29695,22427],{"class":90},[84,29697,95],{"class":94},[84,29699,14091],{"class":90},[84,29701,307],{"class":98},[84,29703,29388],{"class":146},[84,29705,9482],{"class":98},[70,29707,418],{"id":417},[20,29709,29710],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[75,29712,29714],{"className":77,"code":29713,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29715,29716,29764,29768,29783,29787,29807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29717,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29748,29750,29752,29755,29757,29759,29762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29719,5911],{"class":90},[84,29721,95],{"class":94},[84,29723,11332],{"class":98},[84,29725,3711],{"class":185},[84,29727,29728],{"class":189},"Tom",[84,29730,3711],{"class":185},[84,29732,3743],{"class":98},[84,29734,5923],{"class":102},[84,29736,106],{"class":98},[84,29738,4211],{"class":185},[84,29740,13723],{"class":189},[84,29742,3711],{"class":185},[84,29744,3743],{"class":98},[84,29746,29747],{"class":102}," 95",[84,29749,106],{"class":98},[84,29751,4211],{"class":185},[84,29753,29754],{"class":189},"Leo",[84,29756,3711],{"class":185},[84,29758,3743],{"class":98},[84,29760,29761],{"class":102}," 88",[84,29763,10149],{"class":98},[84,29765,29766],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29767,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29769,29770,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,29771,29772],{"class":90},"removed_pair ",[84,29774,95],{"class":94},[84,29776,5958],{"class":90},[84,29778,307],{"class":98},[84,29780,29388],{"class":146},[84,29782,9482],{"class":98},[84,29784,29785],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,29786,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29788,29789,29791,29793,29795,29798,29800,29802,29805],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,29790,156],{"class":133},[84,29792,137],{"class":98},[84,29794,3711],{"class":185},[84,29796,29797],{"class":189},"Removed:",[84,29799,3711],{"class":185},[84,29801,106],{"class":98},[84,29803,29804],{"class":146}," removed_pair",[84,29806,150],{"class":98},[84,29808,29809,29811,29813,29815,29818,29820,29822,29824],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,29810,156],{"class":133},[84,29812,137],{"class":98},[84,29814,3711],{"class":185},[84,29816,29817],{"class":189},"After removal:",[84,29819,3711],{"class":185},[84,29821,106],{"class":98},[84,29823,5958],{"class":146},[84,29825,150],{"class":98},[20,29827,29828],{},[53,29829,172],{},[75,29831,29833],{"className":77,"code":29832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29834,29835,29856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29836,29837,29840,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29838,29839],{"class":90},"Removed",[84,29841,3743],{"class":98},[84,29843,10076],{"class":98},[84,29845,186],{"class":185},[84,29847,29754],{"class":189},[84,29849,186],{"class":185},[84,29851,106],{"class":98},[84,29853,29761],{"class":102},[84,29855,150],{"class":98},[84,29857,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29859,29860],{"class":90},"After removal",[84,29862,3743],{"class":98},[84,29864,11332],{"class":98},[84,29866,186],{"class":185},[84,29868,29728],{"class":189},[84,29870,186],{"class":185},[84,29872,3743],{"class":98},[84,29874,5923],{"class":102},[84,29876,106],{"class":98},[84,29878,196],{"class":185},[84,29880,13723],{"class":189},[84,29882,186],{"class":185},[84,29884,3743],{"class":98},[84,29886,29747],{"class":102},[84,29888,10149],{"class":98},[20,29890,29891,29892,29895],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29893,29894],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[70,29897,29899],{"id":29898},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29901,29902,29903,29905],{},"Because ",[15,29904,13612],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[75,29907,29909],{"className":77,"code":29908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29910,29911,29947,29951,29970,29974,29993,30012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,29912,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927,29929,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,29914,16291],{"class":90},[84,29916,95],{"class":94},[84,29918,11332],{"class":98},[84,29920,3711],{"class":185},[84,29922,16302],{"class":189},[84,29924,3711],{"class":185},[84,29926,3743],{"class":98},[84,29928,4211],{"class":185},[84,29930,16311],{"class":189},[84,29932,3711],{"class":185},[84,29934,106],{"class":98},[84,29936,4211],{"class":185},[84,29938,16322],{"class":189},[84,29940,3711],{"class":185},[84,29942,3743],{"class":98},[84,29944,27747],{"class":102},[84,29946,10149],{"class":98},[84,29948,29949],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,29950,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29952,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29964,29966,29968],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,29954,15685],{"class":90},[84,29956,106],{"class":98},[84,29958,22427],{"class":90},[84,29960,95],{"class":94},[84,29962,29963],{"class":90}," book",[84,29965,307],{"class":98},[84,29967,29388],{"class":146},[84,29969,9482],{"class":98},[84,29971,29972],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,29973,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982,29985,29987,29989,29991],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,29977,156],{"class":133},[84,29979,137],{"class":98},[84,29981,3711],{"class":185},[84,29983,29984],{"class":189},"Key:",[84,29986,3711],{"class":185},[84,29988,106],{"class":98},[84,29990,22422],{"class":146},[84,29992,150],{"class":98},[84,29994,29995,29997,29999,30001,30004,30006,30008,30010],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,29996,156],{"class":133},[84,29998,137],{"class":98},[84,30000,3711],{"class":185},[84,30002,30003],{"class":189},"Value:",[84,30005,3711],{"class":185},[84,30007,106],{"class":98},[84,30009,9271],{"class":146},[84,30011,150],{"class":98},[84,30013,30014,30016,30018,30020,30023,30025,30027,30029],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,30015,156],{"class":133},[84,30017,137],{"class":98},[84,30019,3711],{"class":185},[84,30021,30022],{"class":189},"Dictionary:",[84,30024,3711],{"class":185},[84,30026,106],{"class":98},[84,30028,29963],{"class":146},[84,30030,150],{"class":98},[20,30032,30033],{},[53,30034,172],{},[75,30036,30038],{"className":77,"code":30037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,30039,30040,30050,30060],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30041,30042,30045,30047],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30043,30044],{"class":90},"Key",[84,30046,3743],{"class":98},[84,30048,30049],{"class":90}," pages\n",[84,30051,30052,30055,30057],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30053,30054],{"class":90},"Value",[84,30056,3743],{"class":98},[84,30058,30059],{"class":102}," 200\n",[84,30061,30062,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30063,30064],{"class":90},"Dictionary",[84,30066,3743],{"class":98},[84,30068,11332],{"class":98},[84,30070,186],{"class":185},[84,30072,16302],{"class":189},[84,30074,186],{"class":185},[84,30076,3743],{"class":98},[84,30078,196],{"class":185},[84,30080,16311],{"class":189},[84,30082,186],{"class":185},[84,30084,10149],{"class":98},[20,30086,30087],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[70,30089,30091],{"id":30090},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,30093,30094,30095,29319,30097,307],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,30096,13612],{},[53,30098,29322],{},[20,30100,814],{},[75,30102,30104],{"className":77,"code":30103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,30105,30106,30150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30107,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30109,10005],{"class":90},[84,30111,95],{"class":94},[84,30113,11332],{"class":98},[84,30115,3711],{"class":185},[84,30117,625],{"class":189},[84,30119,3711],{"class":185},[84,30121,3743],{"class":98},[84,30123,6341],{"class":102},[84,30125,106],{"class":98},[84,30127,4211],{"class":185},[84,30129,12588],{"class":189},[84,30131,3711],{"class":185},[84,30133,3743],{"class":98},[84,30135,109],{"class":102},[84,30137,106],{"class":98},[84,30139,4211],{"class":185},[84,30141,22920],{"class":189},[84,30143,3711],{"class":185},[84,30145,3743],{"class":98},[84,30147,114],{"class":102},[84,30149,10149],{"class":98},[84,30151,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160,30162],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30153,156],{"class":133},[84,30155,137],{"class":98},[84,30157,10044],{"class":146},[84,30159,307],{"class":98},[84,30161,29388],{"class":146},[84,30163,8033],{"class":98},[20,30165,30166],{},[53,30167,172],{},[75,30169,30171],{"className":77,"code":30170,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('z', 3)\n",[15,30172,30173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30174,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30176,137],{"class":98},[84,30178,186],{"class":185},[84,30180,22920],{"class":189},[84,30182,186],{"class":185},[84,30184,106],{"class":98},[84,30186,114],{"class":102},[84,30188,150],{"class":98},[20,30190,30191],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,30193,30194,30195,30197,30198,30200],{},"As a beginner, do ",[53,30196,55],{}," think of ",[15,30199,13612],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,30202,30203,30204,362,30208,17912,30212,307],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[303,30205,30206],{"href":17915},[15,30207,17918],{},[303,30209,30210],{"href":17902},[15,30211,17905],{},[303,30213,30214],{"href":17908},[15,30215,17911],{},[70,30217,30219,30220,5241,30222],{"id":30218},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,30221,13612],{},[15,30223,13605],{},[20,30225,30226,5241,30228,30230],{},[15,30227,13612],{},[15,30229,13605],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[995,30232,30233],{"id":29388},[15,30234,13612],{},[30,30236,30237,30240,30243],{},[33,30238,30239],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,30241,30242],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,30244,4545,30245],{},[15,30246,22498],{},[995,30248,30249],{"id":27081},[15,30250,13605],{},[30,30252,30253,30256,30259],{},[33,30254,30255],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,30257,30258],{},"needs the key name",[33,30260,30261],{},"returns only the value",[20,30263,814],{},[75,30265,30267],{"className":77,"code":30266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,30268,30269,30313,30317,30331,30351,30355,30377,30396,30400],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30270,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30272,10005],{"class":90},[84,30274,95],{"class":94},[84,30276,11332],{"class":98},[84,30278,3711],{"class":185},[84,30280,303],{"class":189},[84,30282,3711],{"class":185},[84,30284,3743],{"class":98},[84,30286,6341],{"class":102},[84,30288,106],{"class":98},[84,30290,4211],{"class":185},[84,30292,5608],{"class":189},[84,30294,3711],{"class":185},[84,30296,3743],{"class":98},[84,30298,109],{"class":102},[84,30300,106],{"class":98},[84,30302,4211],{"class":185},[84,30304,10580],{"class":189},[84,30306,3711],{"class":185},[84,30308,3743],{"class":98},[84,30310,114],{"class":102},[84,30312,10149],{"class":98},[84,30314,30315],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30316,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30318,30319,30321,30323,30325,30327,30329],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30320,29379],{"class":90},[84,30322,95],{"class":94},[84,30324,15410],{"class":90},[84,30326,307],{"class":98},[84,30328,29388],{"class":146},[84,30330,9482],{"class":98},[84,30332,30333,30335,30337,30339,30342,30344,30346,30349],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,30334,156],{"class":133},[84,30336,137],{"class":98},[84,30338,3711],{"class":185},[84,30340,30341],{"class":189},"popitem():",[84,30343,3711],{"class":185},[84,30345,106],{"class":98},[84,30347,30348],{"class":146}," item",[84,30350,150],{"class":98},[84,30352,30353],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,30354,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,30358,3304],{"class":90},[84,30360,95],{"class":94},[84,30362,15410],{"class":90},[84,30364,307],{"class":98},[84,30366,27081],{"class":146},[84,30368,137],{"class":98},[84,30370,3711],{"class":185},[84,30372,303],{"class":189},[84,30374,3711],{"class":185},[84,30376,150],{"class":98},[84,30378,30379,30381,30383,30385,30388,30390,30392,30394],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,30380,156],{"class":133},[84,30382,137],{"class":98},[84,30384,3711],{"class":185},[84,30386,30387],{"class":189},"pop('a'):",[84,30389,3711],{"class":185},[84,30391,106],{"class":98},[84,30393,9271],{"class":146},[84,30395,150],{"class":98},[84,30397,30398],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,30399,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30401,30402,30404,30406,30408],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,30403,156],{"class":133},[84,30405,137],{"class":98},[84,30407,10044],{"class":146},[84,30409,150],{"class":98},[20,30411,30412],{},[53,30413,172],{},[75,30415,30417],{"className":77,"code":30416,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30418,30419,30440,30457],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30420,30421,30423,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30422,29388],{"class":146},[84,30424,30425],{"class":98},"():",[84,30427,10076],{"class":98},[84,30429,186],{"class":185},[84,30431,10580],{"class":189},[84,30433,186],{"class":185},[84,30435,106],{"class":98},[84,30437,114],{"class":102},[84,30439,150],{"class":98},[84,30441,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30443,27081],{"class":146},[84,30445,137],{"class":98},[84,30447,186],{"class":185},[84,30449,303],{"class":189},[84,30451,186],{"class":185},[84,30453,17294],{"class":98},[84,30455,30456],{"class":102}," 1\n",[84,30458,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30460,10118],{"class":98},[84,30462,186],{"class":185},[84,30464,5608],{"class":189},[84,30466,186],{"class":185},[84,30468,3743],{"class":98},[84,30470,109],{"class":102},[84,30472,10149],{"class":98},[20,30474,224,30475,30479],{},[303,30476,30477],{"href":13410},[15,30478,13605],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30481,224,30482,30484],{},[15,30483,13612],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[70,30486,30488],{"id":30487},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30490,30491,30492,30494],{},"Calling ",[15,30493,13612],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[75,30496,30498],{"className":77,"code":30497,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30499,30500,30508],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30501,30502,30504,30506],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30503,10005],{"class":90},[84,30505,95],{"class":94},[84,30507,10679],{"class":98},[84,30509,30510,30512,30514,30516],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30511,10044],{"class":90},[84,30513,307],{"class":98},[84,30515,29388],{"class":146},[84,30517,9482],{"class":98},[20,30519,30520],{},[53,30521,30522],{},"Error:",[75,30524,30526],{"className":77,"code":30525,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30527,30528],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30529,30530,30532,30534,30536,30539],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30531,20529],{"class":140},[84,30533,3743],{"class":98},[84,30535,196],{"class":185},[84,30537,30538],{"class":189},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[84,30540,30541],{"class":185},"'\n",[995,30543,30545],{"id":30544},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[75,30547,30549],{"className":77,"code":30548,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30550,30551,30559,30563,30571,30586,30596,30602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30552,30553,30555,30557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30554,10005],{"class":90},[84,30556,95],{"class":94},[84,30558,10679],{"class":98},[84,30560,30561],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30562,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30564,30565,30567,30569],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30566,7836],{"class":633},[84,30568,15410],{"class":90},[84,30570,1440],{"class":98},[84,30572,30573,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,30574,30575],{"class":90},"    item ",[84,30577,95],{"class":94},[84,30579,15410],{"class":90},[84,30581,307],{"class":98},[84,30583,29388],{"class":146},[84,30585,9482],{"class":98},[84,30587,30588,30590,30592,30594],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,30589,1445],{"class":133},[84,30591,137],{"class":98},[84,30593,1450],{"class":146},[84,30595,150],{"class":98},[84,30597,30598,30600],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,30599,28274],{"class":633},[84,30601,1440],{"class":98},[84,30603,30604,30606,30608,30610,30613,30615],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,30605,1445],{"class":133},[84,30607,137],{"class":98},[84,30609,3711],{"class":185},[84,30611,30612],{"class":189},"Dictionary is empty",[84,30614,3711],{"class":185},[84,30616,150],{"class":98},[995,30618,30620,30621],{"id":30619},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30622,30623],{},"try-except",[75,30625,30627],{"className":77,"code":30626,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30628,30629,30637,30641,30648,30662,30672,30682],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30630,30631,30633,30635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30632,10005],{"class":90},[84,30634,95],{"class":94},[84,30636,10679],{"class":98},[84,30638,30639],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30640,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30642,30643,30646],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30644,30645],{"class":633},"try",[84,30647,1440],{"class":98},[84,30649,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,30651,30575],{"class":90},[84,30653,95],{"class":94},[84,30655,15410],{"class":90},[84,30657,307],{"class":98},[84,30659,29388],{"class":146},[84,30661,9482],{"class":98},[84,30663,30664,30666,30668,30670],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,30665,1445],{"class":133},[84,30667,137],{"class":98},[84,30669,1450],{"class":146},[84,30671,150],{"class":98},[84,30673,30674,30677,30680],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,30675,30676],{"class":633},"except",[84,30678,30679],{"class":140}," KeyError",[84,30681,1440],{"class":98},[84,30683,30684,30686,30688,30690,30693,30695],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,30685,1445],{"class":133},[84,30687,137],{"class":98},[84,30689,3711],{"class":185},[84,30691,30692],{"class":189},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[84,30694,3711],{"class":185},[84,30696,150],{"class":98},[20,30698,30699,30700,307],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[303,30701,26519,30703],{"href":30702},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30704,30705],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[70,30707,1741,30709],{"id":30708},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30710,13612],{},[20,30712,30713,30715],{},[15,30714,13612],{}," is useful when:",[30,30717,30718,30721,30724],{},[33,30719,30720],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,30722,30723],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,30725,30726],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30728,30729],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[75,30731,30733],{"className":77,"code":30732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30734,30735,30744,30764,30784,30802,30806,30810,30820,30839],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30736,30737,30740,30742],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30738,30739],{"class":90},"tasks ",[84,30741,95],{"class":94},[84,30743,12336],{"class":98},[84,30745,30746,30748,30751,30753,30755,30757,30760,30762],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30747,12341],{"class":185},[84,30749,30750],{"class":189},"first",[84,30752,3711],{"class":185},[84,30754,3743],{"class":98},[84,30756,4211],{"class":185},[84,30758,30759],{"class":189},"wash dishes",[84,30761,3711],{"class":185},[84,30763,12357],{"class":98},[84,30765,30766,30768,30771,30773,30775,30777,30780,30782],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30767,12341],{"class":185},[84,30769,30770],{"class":189},"second",[84,30772,3711],{"class":185},[84,30774,3743],{"class":98},[84,30776,4211],{"class":185},[84,30778,30779],{"class":189},"do homework",[84,30781,3711],{"class":185},[84,30783,12357],{"class":98},[84,30785,30786,30788,30791,30793,30795,30797,30800],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,30787,12341],{"class":185},[84,30789,30790],{"class":189},"third",[84,30792,3711],{"class":185},[84,30794,3743],{"class":98},[84,30796,4211],{"class":185},[84,30798,30799],{"class":189},"read book",[84,30801,4217],{"class":185},[84,30803,30804],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,30805,10149],{"class":98},[84,30807,30808],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,30809,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,30811,30812,30815,30818],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,30813,30814],{"class":633},"while",[84,30816,30817],{"class":90}," tasks",[84,30819,1440],{"class":98},[84,30821,30822,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,30823,30824],{"class":90},"    key",[84,30826,106],{"class":98},[84,30828,22427],{"class":90},[84,30830,95],{"class":94},[84,30832,30817],{"class":90},[84,30834,307],{"class":98},[84,30836,29388],{"class":146},[84,30838,9482],{"class":98},[84,30840,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,30842,1445],{"class":133},[84,30844,137],{"class":98},[84,30846,23137],{"class":614},[84,30848,3711],{"class":189},[84,30850,10118],{"class":102},[84,30852,15685],{"class":146},[84,30854,23146],{"class":102},[84,30856,23149],{"class":189},[84,30858,10118],{"class":102},[84,30860,3329],{"class":146},[84,30862,23146],{"class":102},[84,30864,3711],{"class":189},[84,30866,150],{"class":98},[20,30868,30869],{},[53,30870,30871],{},"Possible output:",[75,30873,30875],{"className":77,"code":30874,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30876,30877,30886,30895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30878,30879,30881,30883],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30880,30790],{"class":90},[84,30882,3743],{"class":98},[84,30884,30885],{"class":90}," read book\n",[84,30887,30888,30890,30892],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30889,30770],{"class":90},[84,30891,3743],{"class":98},[84,30893,30894],{"class":90}," do homework\n",[84,30896,30897,30899,30901],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,30898,30750],{"class":90},[84,30900,3743],{"class":98},[84,30902,30903],{"class":90}," wash dishes\n",[20,30905,29902,30906,30908],{},[15,30907,13612],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[70,30910,3686],{"id":3685},[20,30912,15577,30913,3743],{},[15,30914,13612],{},[30,30916,30917,30931,30950,30961],{},[33,30918,30919,30924],{},[53,30920,30491,30921,30923],{},[15,30922,13612],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,30925,30926],{},[33,30927,30928,30929,307],{},"This raises ",[15,30930,20529],{},[33,30932,30933,30938],{},[53,30934,9291,30935,30937],{},[15,30936,13612],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,30939,30940,30943],{},[33,30941,30942],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,30944,224,30945,30949],{},[303,30946,30947],{"href":13410},[15,30948,13605],{}," if you need that.",[33,30951,30952,30956],{},[53,30953,5551,30954,28540],{},[15,30955,13612],{},[30,30957,30958],{},[33,30959,30960],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,30962,30963,30966],{},[53,30964,30965],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,30967,30968],{},[33,30969,30970,22818,30972,30974],{},[15,30971,13612],{},[15,30973,22498],{}," tuple.",[20,30976,30977],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[75,30979,30981],{"className":77,"code":30980,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30982,30983,30993,31007,31011,31025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,30984,30985,30987,30989,30991],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,30986,156],{"class":133},[84,30988,137],{"class":98},[84,30990,12294],{"class":146},[84,30992,150],{"class":98},[84,30994,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,30996,156],{"class":133},[84,30998,137],{"class":98},[84,31000,12005],{"class":133},[84,31002,137],{"class":98},[84,31004,12294],{"class":146},[84,31006,169],{"class":98},[84,31008,31009],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31010,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,31012,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,31014,29379],{"class":90},[84,31016,95],{"class":94},[84,31018,12609],{"class":90},[84,31020,307],{"class":98},[84,31022,29388],{"class":146},[84,31024,9482],{"class":98},[84,31026,31027,31029,31031,31033],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,31028,156],{"class":133},[84,31030,137],{"class":98},[84,31032,1450],{"class":146},[84,31034,150],{"class":98},[20,31036,31037],{},"Or with unpacking:",[75,31039,31041],{"className":77,"code":31040,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,31042,31043,31061,31071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31044,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31046,15685],{"class":90},[84,31048,106],{"class":98},[84,31050,22427],{"class":90},[84,31052,95],{"class":94},[84,31054,12609],{"class":90},[84,31056,307],{"class":98},[84,31058,29388],{"class":146},[84,31060,9482],{"class":98},[84,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31064,156],{"class":133},[84,31066,137],{"class":98},[84,31068,15685],{"class":146},[84,31070,150],{"class":98},[84,31072,31073,31075,31077,31079],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31074,156],{"class":133},[84,31076,137],{"class":98},[84,31078,3329],{"class":146},[84,31080,150],{"class":98},[70,31082,2694],{"id":2693},[995,31084,5987,31086,5990],{"id":31085},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,31087,13612],{},[20,31089,31090,31091,307],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,31092,31093],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[995,31095,2698,31097,31099],{"id":31096},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,31098,13612],{}," remove the last item?",[20,31101,31102],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[995,31104,31106,31107,31109],{"id":31105},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,31108,13612],{}," removes?",[20,31111,31112,31113,31117],{},"No. Use ",[303,31114,31115],{"href":13410},[15,31116,13605],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[995,31119,2698,31121,15740],{"id":31120},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,31122,13612],{},[20,31124,31125],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[995,31127,31129,31130,31132],{"id":31128},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,31131,13612],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,31134,31135,31136,31138,31139,307],{},"It raises ",[15,31137,20529],{}," with the message ",[15,31140,30538],{},[70,31142,2751],{"id":2750},[30,31144,31145,31152,31158,31164,31170,31177,31181,31185],{},[33,31146,31147],{},[303,31148,31149,31151],{"href":13410},[15,31150,13605],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,31153,31154],{},[303,31155,31156,31151],{"href":17915},[15,31157,17918],{},[33,31159,31160],{},[303,31161,31162,31151],{"href":17902},[15,31163,17905],{},[33,31165,31166],{},[303,31167,31168,31151],{"href":17908},[15,31169,17911],{},[33,31171,31172],{},[303,31173,31175,31151],{"href":31174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,31176,12165],{},[33,31178,31179],{},[303,31180,13629],{"href":13417},[33,31182,31183],{},[303,31184,22300],{"href":17439},[33,31186,31187],{},[303,31188,31189,31190],{"href":30702},"Fix ",[15,31191,30705],{},[2785,31193,31194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":31196},[31197,31198,31200,31201,31202,31203,31204,31205,31210,31215,31217,31218,31230],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":29475,"depth":125,"text":31199},"What popitem() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":29545,"depth":125,"text":29546},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":29898,"depth":125,"text":29899},{"id":30090,"depth":125,"text":30091},{"id":30218,"depth":125,"text":31206,"children":31207},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[31208,31209],{"id":29388,"depth":153,"text":13612},{"id":27081,"depth":153,"text":13605},{"id":30487,"depth":125,"text":30488,"children":31211},[31212,31213],{"id":30544,"depth":153,"text":30545},{"id":30619,"depth":153,"text":31214},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30708,"depth":125,"text":31216},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":31219},[31220,31222,31224,31226,31228],{"id":31085,"depth":153,"text":31221},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":31096,"depth":153,"text":31223},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":31105,"depth":153,"text":31225},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":31120,"depth":153,"text":31227},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":31128,"depth":153,"text":31229},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":29214,"description":31231},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31238,"title":31239,"body":31240,"description":33142,"extension":2830,"meta":33143,"navigation":472,"path":14877,"seo":33144,"stem":33145,"__hash__":33146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31241,"toc":33114},[31242,31247,31252,31255,31257,31354,31359,31364,31369,31372,31380,31383,31398,31400,31500,31502,31559,31563,31565,31567,31587,31592,31603,31606,31633,31636,31638,31695,31697,31718,31724,31729,31732,31743,31745,31853,31855,31908,31910,31922,31929,31935,31940,31943,32031,32033,32078,32081,32089,32092,32095,32164,32167,32170,32174,32177,32248,32250,32303,32306,32309,32312,32327,32330,32342,32345,32408,32410,32416,32418,32420,32499,32501,32542,32544,32609,32611,32648,32653,32658,32662,32676,32679,32802,32804,32889,32894,32896,32900,32922,32925,33005,33008,33027,33032,33034,33040,33045,33051,33054,33060,33063,33069,33074,33080,33086,33088,33111],[10,31243,12162,31245,12166],{"id":31244},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,31246,15797],{},[20,31248,2847,31249,31251],{},[15,31250,15797],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,31253,31254],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[70,31256,73],{"id":72},[75,31258,31260],{"className":77,"code":31259,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31261,31262,31298,31339,31349],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31263,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31265,14048],{"class":90},[84,31267,95],{"class":94},[84,31269,11332],{"class":98},[84,31271,3711],{"class":185},[84,31273,8508],{"class":189},[84,31275,3711],{"class":185},[84,31277,3743],{"class":98},[84,31279,4211],{"class":185},[84,31281,13723],{"class":189},[84,31283,3711],{"class":185},[84,31285,106],{"class":98},[84,31287,4211],{"class":185},[84,31289,10139],{"class":189},[84,31291,3711],{"class":185},[84,31293,3743],{"class":98},[84,31295,442],{"class":102},[84,31297,10149],{"class":98},[84,31299,31300,31302,31304,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31301,18147],{"class":90},[84,31303,307],{"class":98},[84,31305,31306],{"class":146},"update",[84,31308,6373],{"class":98},[84,31310,3711],{"class":185},[84,31312,10139],{"class":189},[84,31314,3711],{"class":185},[84,31316,3743],{"class":98},[84,31318,31319],{"class":102}," 21",[84,31321,106],{"class":98},[84,31323,4211],{"class":185},[84,31325,11250],{"class":189},[84,31327,3711],{"class":185},[84,31329,3743],{"class":98},[84,31331,4211],{"class":185},[84,31333,16873],{"class":189},[84,31335,3711],{"class":185},[84,31337,31338],{"class":98},"})\n",[84,31340,31341,31343,31345,31347],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31342,156],{"class":133},[84,31344,137],{"class":98},[84,31346,18147],{"class":146},[84,31348,150],{"class":98},[84,31350,31351],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,31352,31353],{"class":4517},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31355,224,31356,31358],{},[15,31357,15797],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[70,31360,235,31362,238],{"id":31361},"what-update-does",[15,31363,15797],{},[20,31365,31366,31368],{},[15,31367,15797],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31370,31371],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,31373,31374,31377],{},[33,31375,31376],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,31378,31379],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31381,31382],{},"Important things to know:",[30,31384,31385,31388,31391,31395],{},[33,31386,31387],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,31389,31390],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,31392,5993,31393],{},[15,31394,4630],{},[33,31396,31397],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31399,814],{},[75,31401,31403],{"className":77,"code":31402,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31404,31405,31447,31490],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31443,31445],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31408,13706],{"class":90},[84,31410,95],{"class":94},[84,31412,11332],{"class":98},[84,31414,3711],{"class":185},[84,31416,8508],{"class":189},[84,31418,3711],{"class":185},[84,31420,3743],{"class":98},[84,31422,4211],{"class":185},[84,31424,31425],{"class":189},"Mira",[84,31427,3711],{"class":185},[84,31429,106],{"class":98},[84,31431,4211],{"class":185},[84,31433,20733],{"class":189},[84,31435,3711],{"class":185},[84,31437,3743],{"class":98},[84,31439,4211],{"class":185},[84,31441,31442],{"class":189},"B",[84,31444,3711],{"class":185},[84,31446,10149],{"class":98},[84,31448,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31486,31488],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31450,14470],{"class":90},[84,31452,307],{"class":98},[84,31454,31306],{"class":146},[84,31456,6373],{"class":98},[84,31458,3711],{"class":185},[84,31460,20733],{"class":189},[84,31462,3711],{"class":185},[84,31464,3743],{"class":98},[84,31466,4211],{"class":185},[84,31468,23088],{"class":189},[84,31470,3711],{"class":185},[84,31472,106],{"class":98},[84,31474,4211],{"class":185},[84,31476,11250],{"class":189},[84,31478,3711],{"class":185},[84,31480,3743],{"class":98},[84,31482,4211],{"class":185},[84,31484,31485],{"class":189},"Quito",[84,31487,3711],{"class":185},[84,31489,31338],{"class":98},[84,31491,31492,31494,31496,31498],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31493,156],{"class":133},[84,31495,137],{"class":98},[84,31497,14470],{"class":146},[84,31499,150],{"class":98},[20,31501,172],{},[75,31503,31505],{"className":77,"code":31504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31506,31507],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31508,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31510,10118],{"class":98},[84,31512,186],{"class":185},[84,31514,8508],{"class":189},[84,31516,186],{"class":185},[84,31518,3743],{"class":98},[84,31520,196],{"class":185},[84,31522,31425],{"class":189},[84,31524,186],{"class":185},[84,31526,106],{"class":98},[84,31528,196],{"class":185},[84,31530,20733],{"class":189},[84,31532,186],{"class":185},[84,31534,3743],{"class":98},[84,31536,196],{"class":185},[84,31538,23088],{"class":189},[84,31540,186],{"class":185},[84,31542,106],{"class":98},[84,31544,196],{"class":185},[84,31546,11250],{"class":189},[84,31548,186],{"class":185},[84,31550,3743],{"class":98},[84,31552,196],{"class":185},[84,31554,31485],{"class":189},[84,31556,186],{"class":185},[84,31558,10149],{"class":98},[20,31560,9991,31561,307],{},[303,31562,25468],{"href":10231},[70,31564,311],{"id":310},[20,31566,267],{},[75,31568,31570],{"className":77,"code":31569,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31571,31572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31573,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31575,16448],{"class":90},[84,31577,307],{"class":98},[84,31579,31306],{"class":146},[84,31581,137],{"class":98},[84,31583,31584],{"class":146},"other",[84,31586,150],{"class":98},[20,31588,31589,31591],{},[15,31590,31584],{}," can be:",[30,31593,31594,31597,31600],{},[33,31595,31596],{},"Another dictionary",[33,31598,31599],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,31601,31602],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31604,31605],{},"You can also use:",[75,31607,31609],{"className":77,"code":31608,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31610,31611],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31612,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31614,16448],{"class":90},[84,31616,307],{"class":98},[84,31618,31306],{"class":146},[84,31620,137],{"class":98},[84,31622,8508],{"class":10015},[84,31624,95],{"class":94},[84,31626,3711],{"class":185},[84,31628,8517],{"class":189},[84,31630,3711],{"class":185},[84,31632,150],{"class":98},[20,31634,31635],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31637,814],{},[75,31639,31641],{"className":77,"code":31640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31642,31643,31663,31685],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31644,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31646,10005],{"class":90},[84,31648,95],{"class":94},[84,31650,11332],{"class":98},[84,31652,3711],{"class":185},[84,31654,303],{"class":189},[84,31656,3711],{"class":185},[84,31658,3743],{"class":98},[84,31660,6341],{"class":102},[84,31662,10149],{"class":98},[84,31664,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31666,10044],{"class":90},[84,31668,307],{"class":98},[84,31670,31306],{"class":146},[84,31672,6373],{"class":98},[84,31674,3711],{"class":185},[84,31676,303],{"class":189},[84,31678,3711],{"class":185},[84,31680,3743],{"class":98},[84,31682,6847],{"class":102},[84,31684,31338],{"class":98},[84,31686,31687,31689,31691,31693],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31688,156],{"class":133},[84,31690,137],{"class":98},[84,31692,10044],{"class":146},[84,31694,150],{"class":98},[20,31696,172],{},[75,31698,31700],{"className":77,"code":31699,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31701,31702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31703,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31705,10118],{"class":98},[84,31707,186],{"class":185},[84,31709,303],{"class":189},[84,31711,186],{"class":185},[84,31713,3743],{"class":98},[84,31715,6847],{"class":102},[84,31717,10149],{"class":98},[70,31719,595,31721,31723],{"id":31720},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31722,15797],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31725,31726,31727,307],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31728,15797],{},[20,31730,31731],{},"It is useful when:",[30,31733,31734,31737,31740],{},[33,31735,31736],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,31738,31739],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,31741,31742],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31744,814],{},[75,31746,31748],{"className":77,"code":31747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31749,31750,31787,31824,31828,31843],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31751,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31785],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31753,14670],{"class":90},[84,31755,95],{"class":94},[84,31757,11332],{"class":98},[84,31759,3711],{"class":185},[84,31761,13338],{"class":189},[84,31763,3711],{"class":185},[84,31765,3743],{"class":98},[84,31767,4211],{"class":185},[84,31769,21770],{"class":189},[84,31771,3711],{"class":185},[84,31773,106],{"class":98},[84,31775,4211],{"class":185},[84,31777,14695],{"class":189},[84,31779,3711],{"class":185},[84,31781,3743],{"class":98},[84,31783,31784],{"class":102}," 12",[84,31786,10149],{"class":98},[84,31788,31789,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31790,31791],{"class":90},"new_settings ",[84,31793,95],{"class":94},[84,31795,11332],{"class":98},[84,31797,3711],{"class":185},[84,31799,14695],{"class":189},[84,31801,3711],{"class":185},[84,31803,3743],{"class":98},[84,31805,14702],{"class":102},[84,31807,106],{"class":98},[84,31809,4211],{"class":185},[84,31811,20965],{"class":189},[84,31813,3711],{"class":185},[84,31815,3743],{"class":98},[84,31817,4211],{"class":185},[84,31819,20999],{"class":189},[84,31821,3711],{"class":185},[84,31823,10149],{"class":98},[84,31825,31826],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,31827,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,31829,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31841],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,31831,14729],{"class":90},[84,31833,307],{"class":98},[84,31835,31306],{"class":146},[84,31837,137],{"class":98},[84,31839,31840],{"class":146},"new_settings",[84,31842,150],{"class":98},[84,31844,31845,31847,31849,31851],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,31846,156],{"class":133},[84,31848,137],{"class":98},[84,31850,14729],{"class":146},[84,31852,150],{"class":98},[20,31854,172],{},[75,31856,31858],{"className":77,"code":31857,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31859,31860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31861,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31863,10118],{"class":98},[84,31865,186],{"class":185},[84,31867,13338],{"class":189},[84,31869,186],{"class":185},[84,31871,3743],{"class":98},[84,31873,196],{"class":185},[84,31875,21770],{"class":189},[84,31877,186],{"class":185},[84,31879,106],{"class":98},[84,31881,196],{"class":185},[84,31883,14695],{"class":189},[84,31885,186],{"class":185},[84,31887,3743],{"class":98},[84,31889,14702],{"class":102},[84,31891,106],{"class":98},[84,31893,196],{"class":185},[84,31895,20965],{"class":189},[84,31897,186],{"class":185},[84,31899,3743],{"class":98},[84,31901,196],{"class":185},[84,31903,20999],{"class":189},[84,31905,186],{"class":185},[84,31907,10149],{"class":98},[20,31909,14253],{},[30,31911,31912,31917],{},[33,31913,31914,31916],{},[15,31915,14695],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,31918,31919,31921],{},[15,31920,20965],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31923,31924,31925,307],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[303,31926,31928],{"href":31927},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[70,31930,595,31932,31934],{"id":31931},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31933,15797],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31936,31937,31939],{},[15,31938,15797],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31941,31942],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[75,31944,31946],{"className":77,"code":31945,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31947,31948,31968,32003,32007,32021],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,31949,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,31951,5911],{"class":90},[84,31953,95],{"class":94},[84,31955,11332],{"class":98},[84,31957,3711],{"class":185},[84,31959,19258],{"class":189},[84,31961,3711],{"class":185},[84,31963,3743],{"class":98},[84,31965,20740],{"class":102},[84,31967,10149],{"class":98},[84,31969,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,31971,10055],{"class":90},[84,31973,95],{"class":94},[84,31975,10060],{"class":98},[84,31977,3711],{"class":185},[84,31979,19267],{"class":189},[84,31981,3711],{"class":185},[84,31983,106],{"class":98},[84,31985,14351],{"class":102},[84,31987,10073],{"class":98},[84,31989,10076],{"class":98},[84,31991,3711],{"class":185},[84,31993,31994],{"class":189},"english",[84,31996,3711],{"class":185},[84,31998,106],{"class":98},[84,32000,29761],{"class":102},[84,32002,10089],{"class":98},[84,32004,32005],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32006,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32010,17231],{"class":90},[84,32012,307],{"class":98},[84,32014,31306],{"class":146},[84,32016,137],{"class":98},[84,32018,10102],{"class":146},[84,32020,150],{"class":98},[84,32022,32023,32025,32027,32029],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,32024,156],{"class":133},[84,32026,137],{"class":98},[84,32028,17231],{"class":146},[84,32030,150],{"class":98},[20,32032,172],{},[75,32034,32036],{"className":77,"code":32035,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,32037,32038],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32039,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32041,10118],{"class":98},[84,32043,186],{"class":185},[84,32045,19258],{"class":189},[84,32047,186],{"class":185},[84,32049,3743],{"class":98},[84,32051,20740],{"class":102},[84,32053,106],{"class":98},[84,32055,196],{"class":185},[84,32057,19267],{"class":189},[84,32059,186],{"class":185},[84,32061,3743],{"class":98},[84,32063,14351],{"class":102},[84,32065,106],{"class":98},[84,32067,196],{"class":185},[84,32069,31994],{"class":189},[84,32071,186],{"class":185},[84,32073,3743],{"class":98},[84,32075,29761],{"class":102},[84,32077,10149],{"class":98},[20,32079,32080],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,32082,32083,32086],{},[33,32084,32085],{},"The key",[33,32087,32088],{},"The value",[20,32090,32091],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,32093,32094],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[75,32096,32098],{"className":77,"code":32097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,32099,32100,32120,32145,32149],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32101,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32103,10005],{"class":90},[84,32105,95],{"class":94},[84,32107,11332],{"class":98},[84,32109,3711],{"class":185},[84,32111,303],{"class":189},[84,32113,3711],{"class":185},[84,32115,3743],{"class":98},[84,32117,6341],{"class":102},[84,32119,10149],{"class":98},[84,32121,32122,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32123,32124],{"class":90},"bad_pairs ",[84,32126,95],{"class":94},[84,32128,10060],{"class":98},[84,32130,3711],{"class":185},[84,32132,5608],{"class":189},[84,32134,3711],{"class":185},[84,32136,106],{"class":98},[84,32138,109],{"class":102},[84,32140,106],{"class":98},[84,32142,114],{"class":102},[84,32144,10089],{"class":98},[84,32146,32147],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32148,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32150,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32162],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32152,10044],{"class":90},[84,32154,307],{"class":98},[84,32156,31306],{"class":146},[84,32158,137],{"class":98},[84,32160,32161],{"class":146},"bad_pairs",[84,32163,150],{"class":98},[20,32165,32166],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,32168,32169],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[70,32171,32173],{"id":32172},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,32175,32176],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[75,32178,32180],{"className":77,"code":32179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,32181,32182,32206,32238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32183,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32185,12331],{"class":90},[84,32187,95],{"class":94},[84,32189,11332],{"class":98},[84,32191,3711],{"class":185},[84,32193,8508],{"class":189},[84,32195,3711],{"class":185},[84,32197,3743],{"class":98},[84,32199,4211],{"class":185},[84,32201,29754],{"class":189},[84,32203,3711],{"class":185},[84,32205,10149],{"class":98},[84,32207,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32227,32229,32231,32234,32236],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32209,12425],{"class":90},[84,32211,307],{"class":98},[84,32213,31306],{"class":146},[84,32215,137],{"class":98},[84,32217,10139],{"class":10015},[84,32219,95],{"class":94},[84,32221,10033],{"class":102},[84,32223,106],{"class":98},[84,32225,32226],{"class":10015}," city",[84,32228,95],{"class":94},[84,32230,3711],{"class":185},[84,32232,32233],{"class":189},"Madrid",[84,32235,3711],{"class":185},[84,32237,150],{"class":98},[84,32239,32240,32242,32244,32246],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32241,156],{"class":133},[84,32243,137],{"class":98},[84,32245,12425],{"class":146},[84,32247,150],{"class":98},[20,32249,172],{},[75,32251,32253],{"className":77,"code":32252,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,32254,32255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32256,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32258,10118],{"class":98},[84,32260,186],{"class":185},[84,32262,8508],{"class":189},[84,32264,186],{"class":185},[84,32266,3743],{"class":98},[84,32268,196],{"class":185},[84,32270,29754],{"class":189},[84,32272,186],{"class":185},[84,32274,106],{"class":98},[84,32276,196],{"class":185},[84,32278,10139],{"class":189},[84,32280,186],{"class":185},[84,32282,3743],{"class":98},[84,32284,10146],{"class":102},[84,32286,106],{"class":98},[84,32288,196],{"class":185},[84,32290,11250],{"class":189},[84,32292,186],{"class":185},[84,32294,3743],{"class":98},[84,32296,196],{"class":185},[84,32298,32233],{"class":189},[84,32300,186],{"class":185},[84,32302,10149],{"class":98},[20,32304,32305],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32307,32308],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32310,32311],{},"These work:",[30,32313,32314,32318,32322],{},[33,32315,32316],{},[15,32317,10139],{},[33,32319,32320],{},[15,32321,11250],{},[33,32323,32324],{},[15,32325,32326],{},"first_name",[20,32328,32329],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,32331,32332,32337],{},[33,32333,32334],{},[15,32335,32336],{},"\"first name\"",[33,32338,32339],{},[15,32340,32341],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32343,32344],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[75,32346,32348],{"className":77,"code":32347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32349,32350,32358,32398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32351,32352,32354,32356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32353,12331],{"class":90},[84,32355,95],{"class":94},[84,32357,10679],{"class":98},[84,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32389,32391,32393,32396],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32361,12425],{"class":90},[84,32363,307],{"class":98},[84,32365,31306],{"class":146},[84,32367,6373],{"class":98},[84,32369,3711],{"class":185},[84,32371,11354],{"class":189},[84,32373,3711],{"class":185},[84,32375,3743],{"class":98},[84,32377,4211],{"class":185},[84,32379,29754],{"class":189},[84,32381,3711],{"class":185},[84,32383,106],{"class":98},[84,32385,4211],{"class":185},[84,32387,32388],{"class":189},"user-id",[84,32390,3711],{"class":185},[84,32392,3743],{"class":98},[84,32394,32395],{"class":102}," 1001",[84,32397,31338],{"class":98},[84,32399,32400,32402,32404,32406],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32401,156],{"class":133},[84,32403,137],{"class":98},[84,32405,12425],{"class":146},[84,32407,150],{"class":98},[70,32409,18259],{"id":18258},[20,32411,32412,3254,32414,307],{},[15,32413,15797],{},[15,32415,4630],{},[20,32417,14893],{},[20,32419,25548],{},[75,32421,32423],{"className":77,"code":32422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32424,32425,32449,32475,32479,32489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32426,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32428,14048],{"class":90},[84,32430,95],{"class":94},[84,32432,11332],{"class":98},[84,32434,3711],{"class":185},[84,32436,8508],{"class":189},[84,32438,3711],{"class":185},[84,32440,3743],{"class":98},[84,32442,4211],{"class":185},[84,32444,13723],{"class":189},[84,32446,3711],{"class":185},[84,32448,10149],{"class":98},[84,32450,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32452,128],{"class":90},[84,32454,95],{"class":94},[84,32456,14091],{"class":90},[84,32458,307],{"class":98},[84,32460,31306],{"class":146},[84,32462,6373],{"class":98},[84,32464,3711],{"class":185},[84,32466,10139],{"class":189},[84,32468,3711],{"class":185},[84,32470,3743],{"class":98},[84,32472,442],{"class":102},[84,32474,31338],{"class":98},[84,32476,32477],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32478,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32480,32481,32483,32485,32487],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32482,156],{"class":133},[84,32484,137],{"class":98},[84,32486,166],{"class":146},[84,32488,150],{"class":98},[84,32490,32491,32493,32495,32497],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,32492,156],{"class":133},[84,32494,137],{"class":98},[84,32496,18147],{"class":146},[84,32498,150],{"class":98},[20,32500,172],{},[75,32502,32504],{"className":77,"code":32503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32505,32506,32510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32507,32508],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32509,12651],{"class":4704},[84,32511,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32513,10118],{"class":98},[84,32515,186],{"class":185},[84,32517,8508],{"class":189},[84,32519,186],{"class":185},[84,32521,3743],{"class":98},[84,32523,196],{"class":185},[84,32525,13723],{"class":189},[84,32527,186],{"class":185},[84,32529,106],{"class":98},[84,32531,196],{"class":185},[84,32533,10139],{"class":189},[84,32535,186],{"class":185},[84,32537,3743],{"class":98},[84,32539,442],{"class":102},[84,32541,10149],{"class":98},[20,32543,2211],{},[75,32545,32547],{"className":77,"code":32546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32548,32549,32573,32595,32599],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32550,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32552,14048],{"class":90},[84,32554,95],{"class":94},[84,32556,11332],{"class":98},[84,32558,3711],{"class":185},[84,32560,8508],{"class":189},[84,32562,3711],{"class":185},[84,32564,3743],{"class":98},[84,32566,4211],{"class":185},[84,32568,13723],{"class":189},[84,32570,3711],{"class":185},[84,32572,10149],{"class":98},[84,32574,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32576,18147],{"class":90},[84,32578,307],{"class":98},[84,32580,31306],{"class":146},[84,32582,6373],{"class":98},[84,32584,3711],{"class":185},[84,32586,10139],{"class":189},[84,32588,3711],{"class":185},[84,32590,3743],{"class":98},[84,32592,442],{"class":102},[84,32594,31338],{"class":98},[84,32596,32597],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32598,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32600,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32602,156],{"class":133},[84,32604,137],{"class":98},[84,32606,18147],{"class":146},[84,32608,150],{"class":98},[20,32610,172],{},[75,32612,32614],{"className":77,"code":32613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32615,32616],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32617,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32619,10118],{"class":98},[84,32621,186],{"class":185},[84,32623,8508],{"class":189},[84,32625,186],{"class":185},[84,32627,3743],{"class":98},[84,32629,196],{"class":185},[84,32631,13723],{"class":189},[84,32633,186],{"class":185},[84,32635,106],{"class":98},[84,32637,196],{"class":185},[84,32639,10139],{"class":189},[84,32641,186],{"class":185},[84,32643,3743],{"class":98},[84,32645,442],{"class":102},[84,32647,10149],{"class":98},[20,32649,32650,32651,307],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[303,32652,18745],{"href":11573},[70,32654,1741,32656],{"id":32655},"when-to-use-update",[15,32657,15797],{},[20,32659,224,32660,11443],{},[15,32661,15797],{},[30,32663,32664,32667,32670,32673],{},[33,32665,32666],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,32668,32669],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,32671,32672],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,32674,32675],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32677,32678],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[75,32680,32682],{"className":77,"code":32681,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32683,32684,32720,32735,32739,32778,32782,32792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32685,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32687,12929],{"class":90},[84,32689,95],{"class":94},[84,32691,11332],{"class":98},[84,32693,3711],{"class":185},[84,32695,8508],{"class":189},[84,32697,3711],{"class":185},[84,32699,3743],{"class":98},[84,32701,4211],{"class":185},[84,32703,13723],{"class":189},[84,32705,3711],{"class":185},[84,32707,106],{"class":98},[84,32709,4211],{"class":185},[84,32711,10139],{"class":189},[84,32713,3711],{"class":185},[84,32715,3743],{"class":98},[84,32717,442],{"class":102},[84,32719,10149],{"class":98},[84,32721,32722,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32723,32724],{"class":90},"updated ",[84,32726,95],{"class":94},[84,32728,13004],{"class":90},[84,32730,307],{"class":98},[84,32732,13754],{"class":146},[84,32734,9482],{"class":98},[84,32736,32737],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32738,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32740,32741,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32742,32743],{"class":90},"updated",[84,32745,307],{"class":98},[84,32747,31306],{"class":146},[84,32749,6373],{"class":98},[84,32751,3711],{"class":185},[84,32753,10139],{"class":189},[84,32755,3711],{"class":185},[84,32757,3743],{"class":98},[84,32759,31319],{"class":102},[84,32761,106],{"class":98},[84,32763,4211],{"class":185},[84,32765,11250],{"class":189},[84,32767,3711],{"class":185},[84,32769,3743],{"class":98},[84,32771,4211],{"class":185},[84,32773,16873],{"class":189},[84,32775,3711],{"class":185},[84,32777,31338],{"class":98},[84,32779,32780],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,32781,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,32783,32784,32786,32788,32790],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,32785,156],{"class":133},[84,32787,137],{"class":98},[84,32789,12976],{"class":146},[84,32791,150],{"class":98},[84,32793,32794,32796,32798,32800],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,32795,156],{"class":133},[84,32797,137],{"class":98},[84,32799,32743],{"class":146},[84,32801,150],{"class":98},[20,32803,172],{},[75,32805,32807],{"className":77,"code":32806,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32808,32809,32841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32810,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32812,10118],{"class":98},[84,32814,186],{"class":185},[84,32816,8508],{"class":189},[84,32818,186],{"class":185},[84,32820,3743],{"class":98},[84,32822,196],{"class":185},[84,32824,13723],{"class":189},[84,32826,186],{"class":185},[84,32828,106],{"class":98},[84,32830,196],{"class":185},[84,32832,10139],{"class":189},[84,32834,186],{"class":185},[84,32836,3743],{"class":98},[84,32838,442],{"class":102},[84,32840,10149],{"class":98},[84,32842,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32844,10118],{"class":98},[84,32846,186],{"class":185},[84,32848,8508],{"class":189},[84,32850,186],{"class":185},[84,32852,3743],{"class":98},[84,32854,196],{"class":185},[84,32856,13723],{"class":189},[84,32858,186],{"class":185},[84,32860,106],{"class":98},[84,32862,196],{"class":185},[84,32864,10139],{"class":189},[84,32866,186],{"class":185},[84,32868,3743],{"class":98},[84,32870,31319],{"class":102},[84,32872,106],{"class":98},[84,32874,196],{"class":185},[84,32876,11250],{"class":189},[84,32878,186],{"class":185},[84,32880,3743],{"class":98},[84,32882,196],{"class":185},[84,32884,16873],{"class":189},[84,32886,186],{"class":185},[84,32888,10149],{"class":98},[20,32890,32891,32892,307],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[303,32893,17440],{"href":17439},[70,32895,3686],{"id":3685},[20,32897,11590,32898,3743],{},[15,32899,15797],{},[30,32901,32902,32909,32913,32916,32919],{},[33,32903,13438,32904,32906,32907],{},[15,32905,15797],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32908,4630],{},[33,32910,9291,32911,13446],{},[15,32912,15797],{},[33,32914,32915],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,32917,32918],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,32920,32921],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32923,32924],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[75,32926,32928],{"className":77,"code":32927,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32929,32930,32940,32954,32968,32990],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,32931,32932,32934,32936,32938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,32933,156],{"class":133},[84,32935,137],{"class":98},[84,32937,12294],{"class":146},[84,32939,150],{"class":98},[84,32941,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,32943,156],{"class":133},[84,32945,137],{"class":98},[84,32947,2624],{"class":140},[84,32949,137],{"class":98},[84,32951,10044],{"class":146},[84,32953,169],{"class":98},[84,32955,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,32957,156],{"class":133},[84,32959,137],{"class":98},[84,32961,161],{"class":140},[84,32963,137],{"class":98},[84,32965,10044],{"class":146},[84,32967,169],{"class":98},[84,32969,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,32971,156],{"class":133},[84,32973,137],{"class":98},[84,32975,12294],{"class":146},[84,32977,307],{"class":98},[84,32979,20592],{"class":146},[84,32981,137],{"class":98},[84,32983,186],{"class":185},[84,32985,15685],{"class":189},[84,32987,186],{"class":185},[84,32989,169],{"class":98},[84,32991,32992,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,32993,32994],{"class":133},"help",[84,32996,137],{"class":98},[84,32998,9661],{"class":140},[84,33000,307],{"class":98},[84,33002,31306],{"class":25590},[84,33004,150],{"class":98},[20,33006,33007],{},"These can help you check:",[30,33009,33010,33013,33018,33021,33024],{},[33,33011,33012],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,33014,33015,33016],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,33017,15797],{},[33,33019,33020],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,33022,33023],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,33025,33026],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,33028,33029,33030,307],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[303,33031,12106],{"href":11917},[70,33033,2694],{"id":2693},[995,33035,2698,33037,33039],{"id":33036},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,33038,15797],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,33041,33042,33043,307],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,33044,4630],{},[995,33046,2698,33048,33050],{"id":33047},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,33049,15797],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,33052,33053],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[995,33055,2734,33057,33059],{"id":33056},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,33058,15797],{}," add new keys?",[20,33061,33062],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[995,33064,29169,33066,33068],{"id":33065},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,33067,15797],{}," with a list?",[20,33070,33071,33072,307],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,33073,11938],{},[995,33075,6024,33077,33079],{"id":33076},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,33078,15797],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,33081,33082,33083,33085],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,33084,15797],{}," can change many keys at once.",[70,33087,2751],{"id":2750},[30,33089,33090,33094,33098,33103,33107],{},[33,33091,33092],{},[303,33093,26935],{"href":10231},[33,33095,33096],{},[303,33097,12095],{"href":11573},[33,33099,33100],{},[303,33101,33102],{"href":31927},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,33104,33105],{},[303,33106,22300],{"href":17439},[33,33108,33109],{},[303,33110,12106],{"href":11917},[2785,33112,33113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":33115},[33116,33117,33119,33120,33122,33124,33125,33126,33128,33129,33141],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":31361,"depth":125,"text":33118},"What update() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":31720,"depth":125,"text":33121},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31931,"depth":125,"text":33123},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":32172,"depth":125,"text":32173},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":32655,"depth":125,"text":33127},"When to use update()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":33130},[33131,33133,33135,33137,33139],{"id":33036,"depth":153,"text":33132},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":33047,"depth":153,"text":33134},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":33056,"depth":153,"text":33136},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":33065,"depth":153,"text":33138},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":33076,"depth":153,"text":33140},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31239,"description":33142},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":33148,"title":33149,"body":33150,"description":35135,"extension":2830,"meta":35136,"navigation":472,"path":23737,"seo":35137,"stem":35138,"__hash__":35139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":33151,"toc":35098},[33152,33157,33164,33167,33169,33268,33270,33325,33330,33335,33349,33354,33356,33371,33373,33387,33400,33405,33411,33418,33420,33527,33529,33578,33584,33659,33661,33682,33684,33687,33792,33794,33849,33851,33877,33881,33886,33965,33967,33987,33989,34000,34010,34014,34019,34123,34125,34150,34153,34164,34169,34178,34181,34198,34200,34287,34289,34352,34354,34377,34379,34384,34390,34395,34397,34436,34442,34445,34464,34475,34481,34483,34556,34558,34577,34581,34584,34607,34613,34616,34680,34683,34760,34767,34770,34829,34835,34837,34856,34860,34863,34914,34917,34937,34939,35000,35002,35007,35012,35017,35022,35027,35032,35038,35041,35050,35058,35060,35095],[10,33153,12162,33155,12166],{"id":33154},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,33156,17911],{},[20,33158,33159,33160,33163],{},"The Python ",[15,33161,33162],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,33165,33166],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[70,33168,73],{"id":72},[75,33170,33172],{"className":77,"code":33171,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,33173,33174,33226,33240,33244,33254],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33175,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33177,13706],{"class":90},[84,33179,95],{"class":94},[84,33181,11332],{"class":98},[84,33183,3711],{"class":185},[84,33185,8508],{"class":189},[84,33187,3711],{"class":185},[84,33189,3743],{"class":98},[84,33191,4211],{"class":185},[84,33193,13723],{"class":189},[84,33195,3711],{"class":185},[84,33197,106],{"class":98},[84,33199,4211],{"class":185},[84,33201,10139],{"class":189},[84,33203,3711],{"class":185},[84,33205,3743],{"class":98},[84,33207,442],{"class":102},[84,33209,106],{"class":98},[84,33211,4211],{"class":185},[84,33213,11250],{"class":189},[84,33215,3711],{"class":185},[84,33217,3743],{"class":98},[84,33219,4211],{"class":185},[84,33221,16873],{"class":189},[84,33223,3711],{"class":185},[84,33225,10149],{"class":98},[84,33227,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33229,1777],{"class":90},[84,33231,95],{"class":94},[84,33233,13749],{"class":90},[84,33235,307],{"class":98},[84,33237,6201],{"class":146},[84,33239,9482],{"class":98},[84,33241,33242],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33243,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33245,33246,33248,33250,33252],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,33247,156],{"class":133},[84,33249,137],{"class":98},[84,33251,6201],{"class":146},[84,33253,150],{"class":98},[84,33255,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,33257,156],{"class":133},[84,33259,137],{"class":98},[84,33261,161],{"class":140},[84,33263,137],{"class":98},[84,33265,6201],{"class":146},[84,33267,169],{"class":98},[20,33269,172],{},[75,33271,33273],{"className":77,"code":33272,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,33274,33275,33301],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33276,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33278,17878],{"class":146},[84,33280,3845],{"class":98},[84,33282,186],{"class":185},[84,33284,13723],{"class":189},[84,33286,186],{"class":185},[84,33288,106],{"class":98},[84,33290,442],{"class":102},[84,33292,106],{"class":98},[84,33294,196],{"class":185},[84,33296,16873],{"class":189},[84,33298,186],{"class":185},[84,33300,4737],{"class":98},[84,33302,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33304,182],{"class":98},[84,33306,186],{"class":185},[84,33308,13723],{"class":189},[84,33310,186],{"class":185},[84,33312,106],{"class":98},[84,33314,442],{"class":102},[84,33316,106],{"class":98},[84,33318,196],{"class":185},[84,33320,16873],{"class":189},[84,33322,186],{"class":185},[84,33324,122],{"class":98},[20,33326,33327,33329],{},[15,33328,17911],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[70,33331,235,33333,238],{"id":33332},"what-values-does",[15,33334,17911],{},[30,33336,33337,33340,33343,33346],{},[33,33338,33339],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,33341,33342],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,33344,33345],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,33347,33348],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33350,33351,33352,307],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[303,33353,10232],{"href":10231},[70,33355,311],{"id":310},[75,33357,33359],{"className":77,"code":33358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33360,33361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33362,33363,33365,33367,33369],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33364,12294],{"class":90},[84,33366,307],{"class":98},[84,33368,6201],{"class":146},[84,33370,9482],{"class":98},[20,33372,13895],{},[30,33374,33375,33379,33382],{},[33,33376,33377,12310],{},[15,33378,17911],{},[33,33380,33381],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,33383,33384,33385],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33386,17911],{},[20,33388,33389,33390,5241,33395,307],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[303,33391,33392,33394],{"href":17902},[15,33393,17905],{}," for dictionary keys",[303,33396,33397,33399],{"href":17915},[15,33398,17918],{}," for key-value pairs",[70,33401,235,33403,12548],{"id":33402},"what-values-returns",[15,33404,17911],{},[20,33406,33407,22818,33409,25604],{},[15,33408,17911],{},[15,33410,17878],{},[20,33412,33413,33414,33417],{},"This object is a ",[53,33415,33416],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33419,814],{},[75,33421,33423],{"className":77,"code":33422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33424,33425,33461,33465,33480,33491,33495,33517],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33426,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33428,14048],{"class":90},[84,33430,95],{"class":94},[84,33432,11332],{"class":98},[84,33434,3711],{"class":185},[84,33436,8508],{"class":189},[84,33438,3711],{"class":185},[84,33440,3743],{"class":98},[84,33442,4211],{"class":185},[84,33444,8761],{"class":189},[84,33446,3711],{"class":185},[84,33448,106],{"class":98},[84,33450,4211],{"class":185},[84,33452,10139],{"class":189},[84,33454,3711],{"class":185},[84,33456,3743],{"class":98},[84,33458,10146],{"class":102},[84,33460,10149],{"class":98},[84,33462,33463],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33464,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33466,33467,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33468,33469],{"class":90},"values_view ",[84,33471,95],{"class":94},[84,33473,14091],{"class":90},[84,33475,307],{"class":98},[84,33477,6201],{"class":146},[84,33479,9482],{"class":98},[84,33481,33482,33484,33486,33489],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,33483,156],{"class":133},[84,33485,137],{"class":98},[84,33487,33488],{"class":146},"values_view",[84,33490,150],{"class":98},[84,33492,33493],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,33494,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33496,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,33498,18147],{"class":90},[84,33500,182],{"class":98},[84,33502,3711],{"class":185},[84,33504,11250],{"class":189},[84,33506,3711],{"class":185},[84,33508,14117],{"class":98},[84,33510,14120],{"class":94},[84,33512,4211],{"class":185},[84,33514,31485],{"class":189},[84,33516,4217],{"class":185},[84,33518,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,33520,156],{"class":133},[84,33522,137],{"class":98},[84,33524,33488],{"class":146},[84,33526,150],{"class":98},[20,33528,172],{},[75,33530,33532],{"className":77,"code":33531,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33533,33534,33552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33535,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33537,17878],{"class":146},[84,33539,3845],{"class":98},[84,33541,186],{"class":185},[84,33543,8761],{"class":189},[84,33545,186],{"class":185},[84,33547,106],{"class":98},[84,33549,10146],{"class":102},[84,33551,4737],{"class":98},[84,33553,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33555,17878],{"class":146},[84,33557,3845],{"class":98},[84,33559,186],{"class":185},[84,33561,8761],{"class":189},[84,33563,186],{"class":185},[84,33565,106],{"class":98},[84,33567,10146],{"class":102},[84,33569,106],{"class":98},[84,33571,196],{"class":185},[84,33573,31485],{"class":189},[84,33575,186],{"class":185},[84,33577,4737],{"class":98},[20,33579,33580,33581,307],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33582,33583],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[75,33585,33587],{"className":77,"code":33586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33588,33589,33625,33644,33648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33590,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33592,14048],{"class":90},[84,33594,95],{"class":94},[84,33596,11332],{"class":98},[84,33598,3711],{"class":185},[84,33600,8508],{"class":189},[84,33602,3711],{"class":185},[84,33604,3743],{"class":98},[84,33606,4211],{"class":185},[84,33608,8761],{"class":189},[84,33610,3711],{"class":185},[84,33612,106],{"class":98},[84,33614,4211],{"class":185},[84,33616,10139],{"class":189},[84,33618,3711],{"class":185},[84,33620,3743],{"class":98},[84,33622,10146],{"class":102},[84,33624,10149],{"class":98},[84,33626,33627,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33628,33629],{"class":90},"values_list ",[84,33631,95],{"class":94},[84,33633,1636],{"class":140},[84,33635,137],{"class":98},[84,33637,18147],{"class":146},[84,33639,307],{"class":98},[84,33641,6201],{"class":146},[84,33643,8033],{"class":98},[84,33645,33646],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33647,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33649,33650,33652,33654,33657],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,33651,156],{"class":133},[84,33653,137],{"class":98},[84,33655,33656],{"class":146},"values_list",[84,33658,150],{"class":98},[20,33660,172],{},[75,33662,33664],{"className":77,"code":33663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33665,33666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33667,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33669,182],{"class":98},[84,33671,186],{"class":185},[84,33673,8761],{"class":189},[84,33675,186],{"class":185},[84,33677,106],{"class":98},[84,33679,10146],{"class":102},[84,33681,122],{"class":98},[70,33683,418],{"id":417},[20,33685,33686],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[75,33688,33690],{"className":77,"code":33689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33691,33692,33746,33750,33764,33768,33778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33693,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33727,33729,33731,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33695,25635],{"class":90},[84,33697,95],{"class":94},[84,33699,11332],{"class":98},[84,33701,3711],{"class":185},[84,33703,25644],{"class":189},[84,33705,3711],{"class":185},[84,33707,3743],{"class":98},[84,33709,4211],{"class":185},[84,33711,25653],{"class":189},[84,33713,3711],{"class":185},[84,33715,106],{"class":98},[84,33717,4211],{"class":185},[84,33719,25662],{"class":189},[84,33721,3711],{"class":185},[84,33723,3743],{"class":98},[84,33725,33726],{"class":102}," 2022",[84,33728,106],{"class":98},[84,33730,4211],{"class":185},[84,33732,33733],{"class":189},"color",[84,33735,3711],{"class":185},[84,33737,3743],{"class":98},[84,33739,4211],{"class":185},[84,33741,13953],{"class":189},[84,33743,3711],{"class":185},[84,33745,10149],{"class":98},[84,33747,33748],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33749,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33751,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33753,128],{"class":90},[84,33755,95],{"class":94},[84,33757,25684],{"class":90},[84,33759,307],{"class":98},[84,33761,6201],{"class":146},[84,33763,9482],{"class":98},[84,33765,33766],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,33767,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33769,33770,33772,33774,33776],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,33771,156],{"class":133},[84,33773,137],{"class":98},[84,33775,166],{"class":146},[84,33777,150],{"class":98},[84,33779,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,33781,156],{"class":133},[84,33783,137],{"class":98},[84,33785,161],{"class":140},[84,33787,137],{"class":98},[84,33789,166],{"class":146},[84,33791,169],{"class":98},[20,33793,172],{},[75,33795,33797],{"className":77,"code":33796,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33798,33799,33825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33800,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33802,17878],{"class":146},[84,33804,3845],{"class":98},[84,33806,186],{"class":185},[84,33808,25653],{"class":189},[84,33810,186],{"class":185},[84,33812,106],{"class":98},[84,33814,33726],{"class":102},[84,33816,106],{"class":98},[84,33818,196],{"class":185},[84,33820,13953],{"class":189},[84,33822,186],{"class":185},[84,33824,4737],{"class":98},[84,33826,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33828,182],{"class":98},[84,33830,186],{"class":185},[84,33832,25653],{"class":189},[84,33834,186],{"class":185},[84,33836,106],{"class":98},[84,33838,33726],{"class":102},[84,33840,106],{"class":98},[84,33842,196],{"class":185},[84,33844,13953],{"class":189},[84,33846,186],{"class":185},[84,33848,122],{"class":98},[20,33850,528],{},[30,33852,33853,33859,33865,33872],{},[33,33854,33855,33858],{},[15,33856,33857],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,33860,33861,33864],{},[15,33862,33863],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,33866,33867,33869,33870,1256],{},[15,33868,1177],{}," shows the ",[15,33871,17878],{},[33,33873,33874,33876],{},[15,33875,2667],{}," shows the same values as a list",[70,33878,33880],{"id":33879},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33882,33883,33884,26904],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33885,1428],{},[75,33887,33889],{"className":77,"code":33888,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33890,33891,33935,33939,33955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33892,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33894,5911],{"class":90},[84,33896,95],{"class":94},[84,33898,11332],{"class":98},[84,33900,3711],{"class":185},[84,33902,19258],{"class":189},[84,33904,3711],{"class":185},[84,33906,3743],{"class":98},[84,33908,20740],{"class":102},[84,33910,106],{"class":98},[84,33912,4211],{"class":185},[84,33914,31994],{"class":189},[84,33916,3711],{"class":185},[84,33918,3743],{"class":98},[84,33920,14351],{"class":102},[84,33922,106],{"class":98},[84,33924,4211],{"class":185},[84,33926,19267],{"class":189},[84,33928,3711],{"class":185},[84,33930,3743],{"class":98},[84,33932,29761],{"class":102},[84,33934,10149],{"class":98},[84,33936,33937],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33938,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,33940,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33942,1428],{"class":633},[84,33944,22427],{"class":90},[84,33946,1434],{"class":633},[84,33948,5958],{"class":90},[84,33950,307],{"class":98},[84,33952,6201],{"class":146},[84,33954,22438],{"class":98},[84,33956,33957,33959,33961,33963],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,33958,1445],{"class":133},[84,33960,137],{"class":98},[84,33962,3329],{"class":146},[84,33964,150],{"class":98},[20,33966,172],{},[75,33968,33970],{"className":77,"code":33969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33971,33972,33977,33982],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,33973,33974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,33975,33976],{"class":102},"90\n",[84,33978,33979],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,33980,33981],{"class":102},"85\n",[84,33983,33984],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,33985,33986],{"class":102},"88\n",[20,33988,18551],{},[30,33990,33991,33994,33997],{},[33,33992,33993],{},"You only need the values",[33,33995,33996],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33998,33999],{},"You want simpler code",[20,34001,34002,34003,3736,34007,307],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[303,34004,11579,34005,11583],{"href":17915},[15,34006,17918],{},[303,34008,23318],{"href":34009},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[70,34011,34013],{"id":34012},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,34015,224,34016,34018],{},[15,34017,33583],{}," when you need a list.",[75,34020,34022],{"className":77,"code":34021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,34023,34024,34070,34074,34094,34098,34109],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34025,34026,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34062,34064,34066,34068],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34027,34028],{"class":90},"fruit_prices ",[84,34030,95],{"class":94},[84,34032,11332],{"class":98},[84,34034,3711],{"class":185},[84,34036,4928],{"class":189},[84,34038,3711],{"class":185},[84,34040,3743],{"class":98},[84,34042,109],{"class":102},[84,34044,106],{"class":98},[84,34046,4211],{"class":185},[84,34048,4937],{"class":189},[84,34050,3711],{"class":185},[84,34052,3743],{"class":98},[84,34054,6341],{"class":102},[84,34056,106],{"class":98},[84,34058,4211],{"class":185},[84,34060,34061],{"class":189},"orange",[84,34063,3711],{"class":185},[84,34065,3743],{"class":98},[84,34067,114],{"class":102},[84,34069,10149],{"class":98},[84,34071,34072],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34073,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34075,34076,34079,34081,34083,34085,34088,34090,34092],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34077,34078],{"class":90},"price_list ",[84,34080,95],{"class":94},[84,34082,1636],{"class":140},[84,34084,137],{"class":98},[84,34086,34087],{"class":146},"fruit_prices",[84,34089,307],{"class":98},[84,34091,6201],{"class":146},[84,34093,8033],{"class":98},[84,34095,34096],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34097,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34099,34100,34102,34104,34107],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,34101,156],{"class":133},[84,34103,137],{"class":98},[84,34105,34106],{"class":146},"price_list",[84,34108,150],{"class":98},[84,34110,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,34112,156],{"class":133},[84,34114,137],{"class":98},[84,34116,34106],{"class":146},[84,34118,182],{"class":98},[84,34120,2983],{"class":102},[84,34122,4737],{"class":98},[20,34124,172],{},[75,34126,34128],{"className":77,"code":34127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,34129,34130,34146],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34131,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34133,182],{"class":98},[84,34135,199],{"class":102},[84,34137,106],{"class":98},[84,34139,6341],{"class":102},[84,34141,106],{"class":98},[84,34143,114],{"class":102},[84,34145,122],{"class":98},[84,34147,34148],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34149,1469],{"class":102},[20,34151,34152],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,34154,34155,34158,34161],{},[33,34156,34157],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,34159,34160],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,34162,34163],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,34165,4773,34166,34168],{},[15,34167,17878],{}," is not the same as a list.",[70,34170,34172,11427,34174,11427,34176],{"id":34171},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,34173,17911],{},[15,34175,17905],{},[15,34177,17918],{},[20,34179,34180],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,34182,34183,34188,34193],{},[33,34184,34185,34187],{},[15,34186,17911],{}," returns only the values",[33,34189,34190,34192],{},[15,34191,17905],{}," returns only the keys",[33,34194,34195,34197],{},[15,34196,17918],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,34199,2989],{},[75,34201,34203],{"className":77,"code":34202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,34204,34205,34241,34245,34259,34273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34206,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34208,13706],{"class":90},[84,34210,95],{"class":94},[84,34212,11332],{"class":98},[84,34214,3711],{"class":185},[84,34216,8508],{"class":189},[84,34218,3711],{"class":185},[84,34220,3743],{"class":98},[84,34222,4211],{"class":185},[84,34224,13723],{"class":189},[84,34226,3711],{"class":185},[84,34228,106],{"class":98},[84,34230,4211],{"class":185},[84,34232,10139],{"class":189},[84,34234,3711],{"class":185},[84,34236,3743],{"class":98},[84,34238,442],{"class":102},[84,34240,10149],{"class":98},[84,34242,34243],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34244,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34246,34247,34249,34251,34253,34255,34257],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34248,156],{"class":133},[84,34250,137],{"class":98},[84,34252,14470],{"class":146},[84,34254,307],{"class":98},[84,34256,17764],{"class":146},[84,34258,8033],{"class":98},[84,34260,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34262,156],{"class":133},[84,34264,137],{"class":98},[84,34266,14470],{"class":146},[84,34268,307],{"class":98},[84,34270,6201],{"class":146},[84,34272,8033],{"class":98},[84,34274,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,34276,156],{"class":133},[84,34278,137],{"class":98},[84,34280,14470],{"class":146},[84,34282,307],{"class":98},[84,34284,8649],{"class":146},[84,34286,8033],{"class":98},[20,34288,172],{},[75,34290,34292],{"className":77,"code":34291,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,34293,34294,34316,34334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34295,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310,34312,34314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34297,17855],{"class":146},[84,34299,3845],{"class":98},[84,34301,186],{"class":185},[84,34303,8508],{"class":189},[84,34305,186],{"class":185},[84,34307,106],{"class":98},[84,34309,196],{"class":185},[84,34311,10139],{"class":189},[84,34313,186],{"class":185},[84,34315,4737],{"class":98},[84,34317,34318,34320,34322,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34319,17878],{"class":146},[84,34321,3845],{"class":98},[84,34323,186],{"class":185},[84,34325,13723],{"class":189},[84,34327,186],{"class":185},[84,34329,106],{"class":98},[84,34331,442],{"class":102},[84,34333,4737],{"class":98},[84,34335,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34337,22751],{"class":146},[84,34339,10498],{"class":98},[84,34341,186],{"class":185},[84,34343,8508],{"class":189},[84,34345,186],{"class":185},[84,34347,106],{"class":98},[84,34349,442],{"class":102},[84,34351,11521],{"class":98},[20,34353,19536],{},[30,34355,34356,34363,34370],{},[33,34357,34358,34362],{},[303,34359,34360],{"href":17902},[15,34361,17905],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,34364,34365,34369],{},[303,34366,34367],{"href":17908},[15,34368,17911],{}," when you need just the values",[33,34371,34372,34376],{},[303,34373,34374],{"href":17915},[15,34375,17918],{}," when you need both",[70,34378,2058],{"id":2057},[20,34380,34381,34382,307],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34383,17911],{},[995,34385,30491,34387,34389],{"id":34386},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34388,17911],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34391,34392,34394],{},[15,34393,17911],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34396,2155],{},[75,34398,34400],{"className":77,"code":34399,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34401,34402,34422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34403,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34405,9147],{"class":90},[84,34407,95],{"class":94},[84,34409,99],{"class":98},[84,34411,103],{"class":102},[84,34413,106],{"class":98},[84,34415,109],{"class":102},[84,34417,106],{"class":98},[84,34419,114],{"class":102},[84,34421,122],{"class":98},[84,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34425,156],{"class":133},[84,34427,137],{"class":98},[84,34429,9178],{"class":146},[84,34431,307],{"class":98},[84,34433,6201],{"class":146},[84,34435,8033],{"class":98},[20,34437,34438,34439,34441],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34440,17911],{}," method.",[20,34443,34444],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[75,34446,34448],{"className":77,"code":34447,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34449,34450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34451,34452,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34453,156],{"class":133},[84,34455,137],{"class":98},[84,34457,2624],{"class":140},[84,34459,137],{"class":98},[84,34461,9178],{"class":146},[84,34463,169],{"class":98},[20,34465,34466,34467,34469,34470,307],{},"If you get an ",[15,34468,26511],{},", see ",[303,34471,26519,34472,34474],{"href":26518},[15,34473,26522],{}," errors",[995,34476,5426,34478,34480],{"id":34477},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34479,17911],{}," returns a list",[20,34482,1181],{},[75,34484,34486],{"className":77,"code":34485,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34487,34488,34524,34538,34542],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34489,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502,34504,34506,34508,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518,34520,34522],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34491,13706],{"class":90},[84,34493,95],{"class":94},[84,34495,11332],{"class":98},[84,34497,3711],{"class":185},[84,34499,8508],{"class":189},[84,34501,3711],{"class":185},[84,34503,3743],{"class":98},[84,34505,4211],{"class":185},[84,34507,13723],{"class":189},[84,34509,3711],{"class":185},[84,34511,106],{"class":98},[84,34513,4211],{"class":185},[84,34515,10139],{"class":189},[84,34517,3711],{"class":185},[84,34519,3743],{"class":98},[84,34521,442],{"class":102},[84,34523,10149],{"class":98},[84,34525,34526,34528,34530,34532,34534,34536],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34527,1777],{"class":90},[84,34529,95],{"class":94},[84,34531,13749],{"class":90},[84,34533,307],{"class":98},[84,34535,6201],{"class":146},[84,34537,9482],{"class":98},[84,34539,34540],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34541,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34543,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34545,156],{"class":133},[84,34547,137],{"class":98},[84,34549,2624],{"class":140},[84,34551,137],{"class":98},[84,34553,6201],{"class":146},[84,34555,169],{"class":98},[20,34557,172],{},[75,34559,34561],{"className":77,"code":34560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34562,34563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34564,34565,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34566,1251],{"class":94},[84,34568,4152],{"class":614},[84,34570,196],{"class":185},[84,34572,17878],{"class":189},[84,34574,186],{"class":185},[84,34576,1270],{"class":94},[20,34578,5993,34579,298],{},[15,34580,17878],{},[20,34582,34583],{},"If you need a list:",[75,34585,34587],{"className":77,"code":34586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34588,34589],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34590,34591,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34592,1777],{"class":90},[84,34594,95],{"class":94},[84,34596,1636],{"class":140},[84,34598,137],{"class":98},[84,34600,14470],{"class":146},[84,34602,307],{"class":98},[84,34604,6201],{"class":146},[84,34606,8033],{"class":98},[995,34608,34610,34611],{"id":34609},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34612,17878],{},[20,34614,34615],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[75,34617,34619],{"className":77,"code":34618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34620,34621,34657,34671,34675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34622,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639,34641,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34624,13706],{"class":90},[84,34626,95],{"class":94},[84,34628,11332],{"class":98},[84,34630,3711],{"class":185},[84,34632,8508],{"class":189},[84,34634,3711],{"class":185},[84,34636,3743],{"class":98},[84,34638,4211],{"class":185},[84,34640,13723],{"class":189},[84,34642,3711],{"class":185},[84,34644,106],{"class":98},[84,34646,4211],{"class":185},[84,34648,10139],{"class":189},[84,34650,3711],{"class":185},[84,34652,3743],{"class":98},[84,34654,442],{"class":102},[84,34656,10149],{"class":98},[84,34658,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667,34669],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34660,1777],{"class":90},[84,34662,95],{"class":94},[84,34664,13749],{"class":90},[84,34666,307],{"class":98},[84,34668,6201],{"class":146},[84,34670,9482],{"class":98},[84,34672,34673],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34674,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34676,34677],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34678,34679],{"class":4517},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34681,34682],{},"Convert to a list first:",[75,34684,34686],{"className":77,"code":34685,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34687,34688,34724,34742,34746],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34689,34690,34692,34694,34696,34698,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708,34710,34712,34714,34716,34718,34720,34722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34691,13706],{"class":90},[84,34693,95],{"class":94},[84,34695,11332],{"class":98},[84,34697,3711],{"class":185},[84,34699,8508],{"class":189},[84,34701,3711],{"class":185},[84,34703,3743],{"class":98},[84,34705,4211],{"class":185},[84,34707,13723],{"class":189},[84,34709,3711],{"class":185},[84,34711,106],{"class":98},[84,34713,4211],{"class":185},[84,34715,10139],{"class":189},[84,34717,3711],{"class":185},[84,34719,3743],{"class":98},[84,34721,442],{"class":102},[84,34723,10149],{"class":98},[84,34725,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34736,34738,34740],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34727,1777],{"class":90},[84,34729,95],{"class":94},[84,34731,1636],{"class":140},[84,34733,137],{"class":98},[84,34735,14470],{"class":146},[84,34737,307],{"class":98},[84,34739,6201],{"class":146},[84,34741,8033],{"class":98},[84,34743,34744],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34745,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34749,156],{"class":133},[84,34751,137],{"class":98},[84,34753,6201],{"class":146},[84,34755,182],{"class":98},[84,34757,2983],{"class":102},[84,34759,4737],{"class":98},[995,34761,595,34763,11935,34765],{"id":34762},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34764,6201],{},[15,34766,17911],{},[20,34768,34769],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[75,34771,34773],{"className":77,"code":34772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34774,34775,34811,34815],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34776,34777,34779,34781,34783,34785,34787,34789,34791,34793,34795,34797,34799,34801,34803,34805,34807,34809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34778,13706],{"class":90},[84,34780,95],{"class":94},[84,34782,11332],{"class":98},[84,34784,3711],{"class":185},[84,34786,8508],{"class":189},[84,34788,3711],{"class":185},[84,34790,3743],{"class":98},[84,34792,4211],{"class":185},[84,34794,13723],{"class":189},[84,34796,3711],{"class":185},[84,34798,106],{"class":98},[84,34800,4211],{"class":185},[84,34802,10139],{"class":189},[84,34804,3711],{"class":185},[84,34806,3743],{"class":98},[84,34808,442],{"class":102},[84,34810,10149],{"class":98},[84,34812,34813],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34814,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,34816,34817,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34818,156],{"class":133},[84,34820,137],{"class":98},[84,34822,14470],{"class":146},[84,34824,307],{"class":98},[84,34826,6201],{"class":25590},[84,34828,150],{"class":98},[20,34830,34831,34834],{},[15,34832,34833],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34836,19536],{},[75,34838,34840],{"className":77,"code":34839,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34841,34842],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34843,34844,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34845,156],{"class":133},[84,34847,137],{"class":98},[84,34849,14470],{"class":146},[84,34851,307],{"class":98},[84,34853,6201],{"class":146},[84,34855,8033],{"class":98},[995,34857,34859],{"id":34858},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34861,34862],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[75,34864,34866],{"className":77,"code":34865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34867,34868,34900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34869,34870,34872,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34871,10005],{"class":90},[84,34873,95],{"class":94},[84,34875,11332],{"class":98},[84,34877,3711],{"class":185},[84,34879,303],{"class":189},[84,34881,3711],{"class":185},[84,34883,3743],{"class":98},[84,34885,6341],{"class":102},[84,34887,106],{"class":98},[84,34889,4211],{"class":185},[84,34891,5608],{"class":189},[84,34893,3711],{"class":185},[84,34895,3743],{"class":98},[84,34897,109],{"class":102},[84,34899,10149],{"class":98},[84,34901,34902,34904,34906,34908,34910,34912],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34903,156],{"class":133},[84,34905,137],{"class":98},[84,34907,10044],{"class":146},[84,34909,307],{"class":98},[84,34911,6201],{"class":146},[84,34913,8033],{"class":98},[20,34915,34916],{},"Not like this:",[75,34918,34920],{"className":77,"code":34919,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34921,34922,34927,34932],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34923,34924],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34925,34926],{"class":4517},"# Wrong examples:\n",[84,34928,34929],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34930,34931],{"class":4517},"# data().values()\n",[84,34933,34934],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34935,34936],{"class":4517},"# values(data)\n",[20,34938,4197],{},[75,34940,34942],{"className":77,"code":34941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34943,34944,34958,34968,34982],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,34945,34946,34948,34950,34952,34954,34956],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,34947,156],{"class":133},[84,34949,137],{"class":98},[84,34951,2624],{"class":140},[84,34953,137],{"class":98},[84,34955,12294],{"class":146},[84,34957,169],{"class":98},[84,34959,34960,34962,34964,34966],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,34961,156],{"class":133},[84,34963,137],{"class":98},[84,34965,12294],{"class":146},[84,34967,150],{"class":98},[84,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,34971,156],{"class":133},[84,34973,137],{"class":98},[84,34975,12294],{"class":146},[84,34977,307],{"class":98},[84,34979,6201],{"class":146},[84,34981,8033],{"class":98},[84,34983,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996,34998],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,34985,156],{"class":133},[84,34987,137],{"class":98},[84,34989,161],{"class":140},[84,34991,137],{"class":98},[84,34993,12294],{"class":146},[84,34995,307],{"class":98},[84,34997,6201],{"class":146},[84,34999,7132],{"class":98},[70,35001,2694],{"id":2693},[995,35003,5987,35005,5990],{"id":35004},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,35006,33162],{},[20,35008,18262,35009,35011],{},[15,35010,17878],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[995,35013,2698,35015,24773],{"id":35014},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,35016,17911],{},[20,35018,24776,35019,2711],{},[15,35020,35021],{},"list(...)",[995,35023,26896,35025,3348],{"id":35024},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,35026,33162],{},[20,35028,35029,35030,26904],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,35031,1428],{},[995,35033,2698,35035,35037],{"id":35034},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,35036,33162],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,35039,35040],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[995,35042,35044,35045,35047,35048,3348],{"id":35043},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,35046,17911],{}," different from ",[15,35049,17918],{},[20,35051,35052,35054,35055,35057],{},[15,35053,17911],{}," returns only values. ",[15,35056,17918],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[70,35059,2751],{"id":2750},[30,35061,35062,35068,35074,35078,35084,35088],{},[33,35063,35064],{},[303,35065,11579,35066,11583],{"href":17902},[15,35067,17905],{},[33,35069,35070],{},[303,35071,11579,35072,11583],{"href":17915},[15,35073,17918],{},[33,35075,35076],{},[303,35077,12086],{"href":10231},[33,35079,35080],{},[303,35081,35083],{"href":35082},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,35085,35086],{},[303,35087,24857],{"href":34009},[33,35089,35090],{},[303,35091,31189,35092],{"href":26518},[15,35093,35094],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2785,35096,35097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":35099},[35100,35101,35103,35104,35106,35107,35108,35109,35111,35122,35134],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":33332,"depth":125,"text":35102},"What values() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":33402,"depth":125,"text":35105},"What values() returns",{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":33879,"depth":125,"text":33880},{"id":34012,"depth":125,"text":34013},{"id":34171,"depth":125,"text":35110},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":35112},[35113,35115,35117,35119,35121],{"id":34386,"depth":153,"text":35114},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34477,"depth":153,"text":35116},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34609,"depth":153,"text":35118},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34762,"depth":153,"text":35120},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34858,"depth":153,"text":34859},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":35123},[35124,35126,35128,35130,35132],{"id":35004,"depth":153,"text":35125},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":35014,"depth":153,"text":35127},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":35024,"depth":153,"text":35129},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":35034,"depth":153,"text":35131},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":35043,"depth":153,"text":35133},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":33149,"description":35135},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":35141,"title":35142,"body":35143,"description":36570,"extension":2830,"meta":36571,"navigation":472,"path":36572,"seo":36573,"stem":36574,"__hash__":36575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35144,"toc":36522},[35145,35151,35156,35159,35175,35184,35186,35218,35224,35227,35321,35324,35329,35334,35337,35348,35350,35364,35370,35372,35377,35383,35386,35425,35433,35438,35441,35486,35489,35501,35507,35513,35517,35550,35553,35571,35574,35578,35617,35619,35639,35642,35654,35659,35665,35668,35720,35723,35734,35737,35748,35751,35755,35761,35763,35793,35796,35811,35814,35817,35836,35839,35855,35864,35866,35897,35903,35908,35911,35918,35949,35952,35974,35977,35980,35994,35998,36029,36044,36051,36058,36062,36070,36074,36082,36085,36134,36145,36147,36150,36156,36161,36171,36175,36178,36181,36185,36188,36190,36211,36215,36221,36232,36238,36240,36246,36270,36273,36336,36339,36367,36370,36432,36434,36439,36442,36449,36457,36464,36467,36475,36481,36483,36510,36519],[10,35146,13,35148,18],{"id":35147},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,35149,35150],{},"dir()",[20,35152,33159,35153,35155],{},[15,35154,35150],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,35157,35158],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,35160,35161,35164,35167,35172],{},[33,35162,35163],{},"learning Python",[33,35165,35166],{},"exploring a new object",[33,35168,35169,35170],{},"debugging an ",[15,35171,26511],{},[33,35173,35174],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,35176,35177,35178,35180,35181],{},"In short, ",[15,35179,35150],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[53,35182,35183],{},"“What can I use here?”",[70,35185,73],{"id":72},[75,35187,35189],{"className":77,"code":35188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,35190,35191,35203],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35192,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35194,8716],{"class":90},[84,35196,95],{"class":94},[84,35198,4211],{"class":185},[84,35200,4697],{"class":189},[84,35202,4217],{"class":185},[84,35204,35205,35207,35209,35212,35214,35216],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35206,156],{"class":133},[84,35208,137],{"class":98},[84,35210,35211],{"class":133},"dir",[84,35213,137],{"class":98},[84,35215,8508],{"class":146},[84,35217,169],{"class":98},[20,35219,224,35220,35223],{},[15,35221,35222],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,35225,35226],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[75,35228,35230],{"className":77,"code":35229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,35231,35232],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35233,35234,35236,35238,35241,35243,35245,35247,35250,35252,35254,35256,35259,35261,35263,35265,35268,35270,35272,35274,35277,35279,35281,35283,35286,35288,35290,35293,35295,35297,35299,35301,35303,35305,35308,35310,35312,35314,35317,35319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35235,182],{"class":98},[84,35237,186],{"class":185},[84,35239,35240],{"class":189},"__add__",[84,35242,186],{"class":185},[84,35244,106],{"class":98},[84,35246,196],{"class":185},[84,35248,35249],{"class":189},"__class__",[84,35251,186],{"class":185},[84,35253,106],{"class":98},[84,35255,196],{"class":185},[84,35257,35258],{"class":189},"__contains__",[84,35260,186],{"class":185},[84,35262,106],{"class":98},[84,35264,196],{"class":185},[84,35266,35267],{"class":189},"__delattr__",[84,35269,186],{"class":185},[84,35271,106],{"class":98},[84,35273,196],{"class":185},[84,35275,35276],{"class":189},"__dir__",[84,35278,186],{"class":185},[84,35280,106],{"class":98},[84,35282,196],{"class":185},[84,35284,35285],{"class":189},"__doc__",[84,35287,186],{"class":185},[84,35289,106],{"class":98},[84,35291,35292],{"class":1266}," ...",[84,35294,106],{"class":98},[84,35296,196],{"class":185},[84,35298,9479],{"class":189},[84,35300,186],{"class":185},[84,35302,106],{"class":98},[84,35304,196],{"class":185},[84,35306,35307],{"class":189},"split",[84,35309,186],{"class":185},[84,35311,106],{"class":98},[84,35313,196],{"class":185},[84,35315,35316],{"class":189},"upper",[84,35318,186],{"class":185},[84,35320,122],{"class":98},[20,35322,35323],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[70,35325,235,35327,238],{"id":35326},"what-dir-does",[15,35328,35150],{},[20,35330,35331,35333],{},[15,35332,35150],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35335,35336],{},"It usually includes:",[30,35338,35339,35342,35345],{},[33,35340,35341],{},"attributes",[33,35343,35344],{},"methods",[33,35346,35347],{},"special Python names",[20,35349,12303],{},[30,35351,35352,35358,35361],{},[33,35353,35354,35355],{},"The result is a ",[53,35356,35357],{},"list of strings",[33,35359,35360],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,35362,35363],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35365,35366,35367,35369],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35368,35150],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[70,35371,311],{"id":310},[20,35373,35374,35376],{},[15,35375,35150],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[995,35378,35380,35382],{"id":35379},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35381,35150],{}," with no argument",[20,35384,35385],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[75,35387,35389],{"className":77,"code":35388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35390,35391,35399,35411,35415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35392,35393,35395,35397],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35394,3884],{"class":90},[84,35396,95],{"class":94},[84,35398,3442],{"class":102},[84,35400,35401,35403,35405,35407,35409],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35402,8716],{"class":90},[84,35404,95],{"class":94},[84,35406,4211],{"class":185},[84,35408,8517],{"class":189},[84,35410,4217],{"class":185},[84,35412,35413],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,35414,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,35416,35417,35419,35421,35423],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,35418,156],{"class":133},[84,35420,137],{"class":98},[84,35422,35211],{"class":133},[84,35424,8033],{"class":98},[20,35426,35427,35428,5241,35430,35432],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35429,625],{},[15,35431,8508],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[995,35434,35436],{"id":35435},"dirobject",[15,35437,35222],{},[20,35439,35440],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[75,35442,35444],{"className":77,"code":35443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35445,35446,35464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35447,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35449,156],{"class":133},[84,35451,137],{"class":98},[84,35453,35211],{"class":133},[84,35455,137],{"class":98},[84,35457,3711],{"class":185},[84,35459,4697],{"class":189},[84,35461,3711],{"class":185},[84,35463,169],{"class":98},[84,35465,35466,35468,35470,35472,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482,35484],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35467,156],{"class":133},[84,35469,137],{"class":98},[84,35471,35211],{"class":133},[84,35473,3845],{"class":98},[84,35475,103],{"class":102},[84,35477,106],{"class":98},[84,35479,109],{"class":102},[84,35481,106],{"class":98},[84,35483,114],{"class":102},[84,35485,3858],{"class":98},[20,35487,35488],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,35490,35491,35493,35495,35498],{},[33,35492,6151],{},[33,35494,6142],{},[33,35496,35497],{},"modules",[33,35499,35500],{},"custom objects",[70,35502,595,35504,35506],{"id":35503},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35505,35150],{}," with a value",[20,35508,35509,35510,35512],{},"A common use of ",[15,35511,35150],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[995,35514,35516],{"id":35515},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[75,35518,35520],{"className":77,"code":35519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35521,35522,35535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35523,35524,35527,35529,35531,35533],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35525,35526],{"class":90},"text ",[84,35528,95],{"class":94},[84,35530,4211],{"class":185},[84,35532,4697],{"class":189},[84,35534,4217],{"class":185},[84,35536,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35548],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35538,156],{"class":133},[84,35540,137],{"class":98},[84,35542,35211],{"class":133},[84,35544,137],{"class":98},[84,35546,35547],{"class":146},"text",[84,35549,169],{"class":98},[20,35551,35552],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,35554,35555,35559,35563,35567],{},[33,35556,35557],{},[15,35558,9479],{},[33,35560,35561],{},[15,35562,35316],{},[33,35564,35565],{},[15,35566,35307],{},[33,35568,35569],{},[15,35570,9473],{},[20,35572,35573],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[995,35575,35577],{"id":35576},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[75,35579,35581],{"className":77,"code":35580,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35582,35583,35603],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35584,35585,35587,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35586,91],{"class":90},[84,35588,95],{"class":94},[84,35590,99],{"class":98},[84,35592,103],{"class":102},[84,35594,106],{"class":98},[84,35596,109],{"class":102},[84,35598,106],{"class":98},[84,35600,114],{"class":102},[84,35602,122],{"class":98},[84,35604,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35606,156],{"class":133},[84,35608,137],{"class":98},[84,35610,35211],{"class":133},[84,35612,137],{"class":98},[84,35614,535],{"class":146},[84,35616,169],{"class":98},[20,35618,35552],{},[30,35620,35621,35625,35629,35634],{},[33,35622,35623],{},[15,35624,14397],{},[33,35626,35627],{},[15,35628,27081],{},[33,35630,35631],{},[15,35632,35633],{},"remove",[33,35635,35636],{},[15,35637,35638],{},"sort",[20,35640,35641],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35643,35644,35645,35650,35651,35653],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[303,35646,35648],{"href":35647},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35649,3160],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35652,35150],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[70,35655,595,35657,35382],{"id":35656},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35658,35150],{},[20,35660,35661,35662,35664],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35663,35150],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35666,35667],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[75,35669,35671],{"className":77,"code":35670,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35672,35673,35682,35686,35695,35706,35710],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35674,35675,35677,35679],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35676,3884],{"class":90},[84,35678,95],{"class":94},[84,35680,35681],{"class":102}," 5\n",[84,35683,35684],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35685,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,35687,35688,35690,35693],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,35689,615],{"class":614},[84,35691,35692],{"class":618}," greet",[84,35694,22438],{"class":98},[84,35696,35697,35699,35701,35704],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,35698,634],{"class":633},[84,35700,4211],{"class":185},[84,35702,35703],{"class":189},"Hello",[84,35705,4217],{"class":185},[84,35707,35708],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,35709,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,35711,35712,35714,35716,35718],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,35713,156],{"class":133},[84,35715,137],{"class":98},[84,35717,35211],{"class":133},[84,35719,8033],{"class":98},[20,35721,35722],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,35724,35725,35729],{},[33,35726,35727],{},[15,35728,625],{},[33,35730,35731],{},[15,35732,35733],{},"greet",[20,35735,35736],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,35738,35739,35742,35745],{},[33,35740,35741],{},"what variables exist",[33,35743,35744],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,35746,35747],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35749,35750],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[70,35752,35754],{"id":35753},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35756,35757,35758,35760],{},"When you first use ",[15,35759,35150],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35762,814],{},[75,35764,35765],{"className":77,"code":35519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,35766,35767,35779],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35768,35769,35771,35773,35775,35777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35770,35526],{"class":90},[84,35772,95],{"class":94},[84,35774,4211],{"class":185},[84,35776,4697],{"class":189},[84,35778,4217],{"class":185},[84,35780,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789,35791],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35782,156],{"class":133},[84,35784,137],{"class":98},[84,35786,35211],{"class":133},[84,35788,137],{"class":98},[84,35790,35547],{"class":146},[84,35792,169],{"class":98},[20,35794,35795],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,35797,35798,35802,35806],{},[33,35799,35800],{},[15,35801,35249],{},[33,35803,35804],{},[15,35805,35285],{},[33,35807,35808],{},[15,35809,35810],{},"__len__",[20,35812,35813],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35815,35816],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,35818,35819,35823,35827,35831],{},[33,35820,35821],{},[15,35822,35316],{},[33,35824,35825],{},[15,35826,9479],{},[33,35828,35829],{},[15,35830,35307],{},[33,35832,35833],{},[15,35834,35835],{},"replace",[20,35837,35838],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,35840,35841,35849],{},[33,35842,35843,35845,35846],{},[15,35844,35150],{}," lists ",[53,35847,35848],{},"names only",[33,35850,35851,35852,35854],{},"it does ",[53,35853,55],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35856,35857,35858,307],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[303,35859,35861],{"href":35860},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35862,35863],{},"help()",[20,35865,6315],{},[75,35867,35869],{"className":77,"code":35868,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35870,35871,35883],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35872,35873,35875,35877,35879,35881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35874,8716],{"class":90},[84,35876,95],{"class":94},[84,35878,4211],{"class":185},[84,35880,4697],{"class":189},[84,35882,4217],{"class":185},[84,35884,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893,35895],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35886,32994],{"class":133},[84,35888,137],{"class":98},[84,35890,8508],{"class":146},[84,35892,307],{"class":98},[84,35894,35316],{"class":25590},[84,35896,150],{"class":98},[70,35898,35900,35902],{"id":35899},"dir-on-modules",[15,35901,35150],{}," on modules",[20,35904,601,35905,35907],{},[15,35906,35150],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35909,35910],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[995,35912,35914,35915,35917],{"id":35913},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35916,19258],{}," module",[75,35919,35921],{"className":77,"code":35920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35922,35923,35931,35935],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,35924,35925,35928],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,35926,35927],{"class":633},"import",[84,35929,35930],{"class":90}," math\n",[84,35932,35933],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,35934,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,35936,35937,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,35938,156],{"class":133},[84,35940,137],{"class":98},[84,35942,35211],{"class":133},[84,35944,137],{"class":98},[84,35946,19258],{"class":146},[84,35948,169],{"class":98},[20,35950,35951],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35953,35954,35959,35964,35969],{},[33,35955,35956],{},[15,35957,35958],{},"sqrt",[33,35960,35961],{},[15,35962,35963],{},"ceil",[33,35965,35966],{},[15,35967,35968],{},"floor",[33,35970,35971],{},[15,35972,35973],{},"pi",[20,35975,35976],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35978,35979],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35981,35982,35988],{},[33,35983,35984],{},[303,35985,35987],{"href":35986},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35989,35990],{},[303,35991,35993],{"href":35992},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[995,35995,35997],{"id":35996},"another-example","Another example",[75,35999,36001],{"className":77,"code":36000,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,36002,36003,36010,36014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36004,36005,36007],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36006,35927],{"class":633},[84,36008,36009],{"class":90}," json\n",[84,36011,36012],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36013,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36015,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36027],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36017,156],{"class":133},[84,36019,137],{"class":98},[84,36021,35211],{"class":133},[84,36023,137],{"class":98},[84,36025,36026],{"class":146},"json",[84,36028,169],{"class":98},[20,36030,36031,36032,362,36035,362,36038,17912,36041,307],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,36033,36034],{},"dump",[15,36036,36037],{},"dumps",[15,36039,36040],{},"load",[15,36042,36043],{},"loads",[70,36045,36047,11427,36049],{"id":36046},"dir-vs-help",[15,36048,35150],{},[15,36050,35863],{},[20,36052,36053,5241,36055,36057],{},[15,36054,35150],{},[15,36056,35863],{}," are often used together.",[995,36059,36060],{"id":35211},[15,36061,35150],{},[30,36063,36064,36067],{},[33,36065,36066],{},"shows available names",[33,36068,36069],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[995,36071,36072],{"id":32994},[15,36073,35863],{},[30,36075,36076,36079],{},[33,36077,36078],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,36080,36081],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,36083,36084],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[75,36086,36088],{"className":77,"code":36087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36089,36090,36102,36106,36120],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36091,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36093,8716],{"class":90},[84,36095,95],{"class":94},[84,36097,4211],{"class":185},[84,36099,4697],{"class":189},[84,36101,4217],{"class":185},[84,36103,36104],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36105,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36107,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116,36118],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36109,156],{"class":133},[84,36111,137],{"class":98},[84,36113,35211],{"class":133},[84,36115,137],{"class":98},[84,36117,8508],{"class":146},[84,36119,169],{"class":98},[84,36121,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36123,32994],{"class":133},[84,36125,137],{"class":98},[84,36127,8508],{"class":146},[84,36129,307],{"class":98},[84,36131,35316],{"class":25590},[84,36133,150],{"class":98},[20,36135,224,36136,36138,36139,36141,36142,36144],{},[15,36137,35150],{}," first to find a method name.",[10687,36140],{},"\nThen use ",[15,36143,35863],{}," to understand how to use it.",[70,36146,26197],{"id":26196},[20,36148,36149],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[995,36151,36153,36155],{"id":36152},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,36154,35150],{}," returns names, not values",[20,36157,36158,36160],{},[15,36159,35150],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,36162,36163,36164,36166,36167,36170],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,36165,35316],{}," in ",[15,36168,36169],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[995,36172,36174],{"id":36173},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,36176,36177],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,36179,36180],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[995,36182,36184],{"id":36183},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,36186,36187],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,36189,6315],{},[30,36191,36192,36197,36203],{},[33,36193,36194,36196],{},[15,36195,36169],{}," shows string-related names",[33,36198,36199,36202],{},[15,36200,36201],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,36204,36205,36208,36209,35917],{},[15,36206,36207],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,36210,19258],{},[995,36212,36214],{"id":36213},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,36216,36217,36218,36220],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,36219,35150],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,36222,36223,36226,36229],{},[33,36224,36225],{},"what it does",[33,36227,36228],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,36230,36231],{},"what it returns",[20,36233,36234,36235,36237],{},"That is why ",[15,36236,35863],{}," is the natural next step.",[70,36239,3686],{"id":3685},[20,36241,36242,36243,36245],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,36244,35150],{}," in these situations:",[30,36247,36248,36251,36260,36263],{},[33,36249,36250],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,36252,36253,36254,36259],{},"Seeing an ",[303,36255,36257],{"href":36256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,36258,26511],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,36261,36262],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,36264,595,36265,36267,36268],{},[15,36266,35150],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,36269,35863],{},[20,36271,36272],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[75,36274,36276],{"className":77,"code":36275,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36277,36278,36290,36294,36308,36322],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36279,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36281,8716],{"class":90},[84,36283,95],{"class":94},[84,36285,4211],{"class":185},[84,36287,4697],{"class":189},[84,36289,4217],{"class":185},[84,36291,36292],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36293,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36295,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36297,156],{"class":133},[84,36299,137],{"class":98},[84,36301,2624],{"class":140},[84,36303,137],{"class":98},[84,36305,8508],{"class":146},[84,36307,169],{"class":98},[84,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36311,156],{"class":133},[84,36313,137],{"class":98},[84,36315,35211],{"class":133},[84,36317,137],{"class":98},[84,36319,8508],{"class":146},[84,36321,169],{"class":98},[84,36323,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,36325,32994],{"class":133},[84,36327,137],{"class":98},[84,36329,8508],{"class":146},[84,36331,307],{"class":98},[84,36333,35316],{"class":25590},[84,36335,150],{"class":98},[20,36337,36338],{},"And for modules:",[75,36340,36341],{"className":77,"code":35920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,36342,36343,36349,36353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36344,36345,36347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36346,35927],{"class":633},[84,36348,35930],{"class":90},[84,36350,36351],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36352,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36354,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36356,156],{"class":133},[84,36358,137],{"class":98},[84,36360,35211],{"class":133},[84,36362,137],{"class":98},[84,36364,19258],{"class":146},[84,36366,169],{"class":98},[20,36368,36369],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[75,36371,36373],{"className":77,"code":36372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36374,36375,36380,36392,36402,36416,36422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36376,36377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36378,36379],{"class":90},"python\n",[84,36381,36382,36384,36386,36388,36390],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36383,8716],{"class":90},[84,36385,95],{"class":94},[84,36387,4211],{"class":185},[84,36389,4697],{"class":189},[84,36391,4217],{"class":185},[84,36393,36394,36396,36398,36400],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36395,35211],{"class":133},[84,36397,137],{"class":98},[84,36399,8508],{"class":146},[84,36401,150],{"class":98},[84,36403,36404,36406,36408,36410,36412,36414],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36405,32994],{"class":133},[84,36407,137],{"class":98},[84,36409,8508],{"class":146},[84,36411,307],{"class":98},[84,36413,35316],{"class":25590},[84,36415,150],{"class":98},[84,36417,36418,36420],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,36419,35927],{"class":633},[84,36421,35930],{"class":90},[84,36423,36424,36426,36428,36430],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,36425,35211],{"class":133},[84,36427,137],{"class":98},[84,36429,19258],{"class":146},[84,36431,150],{"class":98},[70,36433,2694],{"id":2693},[995,36435,5987,36437,5990],{"id":36436},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36438,35150],{},[20,36440,36441],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[995,36443,6024,36445,5241,36447,3348],{"id":36444},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36446,35150],{},[15,36448,35863],{},[20,36450,36451,36453,36454,36456],{},[15,36452,35150],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36455,35863],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[995,36458,36460,36461,36463],{"id":36459},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36462,35150],{}," output?",[20,36465,36466],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[995,36468,2734,36470,36472,36473,3348],{"id":36469},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36471,35150],{}," help fix ",[15,36474,26511],{},[20,36476,36477,36478,307],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[303,36479,36480],{"href":36256},"object has no attribute",[70,36482,2751],{"id":2750},[30,36484,36485,36491,36496,36500,36504],{},[33,36486,36487],{},[303,36488,13,36489,591],{"href":35860},[15,36490,35863],{},[33,36492,36493],{},[303,36494,36495],{"href":36256},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,36497,36498],{},[303,36499,35987],{"href":35986},[33,36501,36502],{},[303,36503,35993],{"href":35992},[33,36505,36506],{},[303,36507,13,36508,591],{"href":35647},[15,36509,3160],{},[20,36511,36512,36513,36515,36516,36518],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36514,35150],{}," together with ",[15,36517,35863],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2785,36520,36521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":36523},[36524,36525,36527,36532,36537,36539,36540,36546,36551,36558,36559,36569],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":35326,"depth":125,"text":36526},"What dir() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":36528},[36529,36531],{"id":35379,"depth":153,"text":36530},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35435,"depth":153,"text":35222},{"id":35503,"depth":125,"text":36533,"children":36534},"Using dir() with a value",[36535,36536],{"id":35515,"depth":153,"text":35516},{"id":35576,"depth":153,"text":35577},{"id":35656,"depth":125,"text":36538},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35753,"depth":125,"text":35754},{"id":35899,"depth":125,"text":36541,"children":36542},"dir() on modules",[36543,36545],{"id":35913,"depth":153,"text":36544},"Example: math module",{"id":35996,"depth":153,"text":35997},{"id":36046,"depth":125,"text":36547,"children":36548},"dir() vs help()",[36549,36550],{"id":35211,"depth":153,"text":35150},{"id":32994,"depth":153,"text":35863},{"id":26196,"depth":125,"text":26197,"children":36552},[36553,36555,36556,36557],{"id":36152,"depth":153,"text":36554},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":36173,"depth":153,"text":36174},{"id":36183,"depth":153,"text":36184},{"id":36213,"depth":153,"text":36214},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":36560},[36561,36563,36565,36567],{"id":36436,"depth":153,"text":36562},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36444,"depth":153,"text":36564},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36459,"depth":153,"text":36566},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36469,"depth":153,"text":36568},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":35142,"description":36570},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36577,"title":36578,"body":36579,"description":38393,"extension":2830,"meta":38394,"navigation":472,"path":38395,"seo":38396,"stem":38397,"__hash__":38398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36580,"toc":38362},[36581,36587,36592,36595,36603,36609,36611,36691,36693,36719,36724,36729,36734,36737,36748,36751,36753,36832,36834,36860,36867,36869,36871,36896,36899,36912,36917,36919,37000,37002,37027,37036,37041,37049,37055,37062,37065,37067,37146,37149,37206,37208,37245,37251,37256,37261,37264,37278,37280,37383,37385,37428,37437,37447,37454,37460,37467,37550,37552,37575,37578,37581,37583,37587,37591,37594,37657,37679,37682,37686,37692,37694,37761,37764,37841,37846,37852,37855,37858,37904,37906,37930,37935,37939,37944,37950,38013,38016,38018,38021,38046,38049,38184,38186,38283,38285,38290,38293,38299,38309,38317,38322,38328,38334,38336,38359],[10,36582,13,36584,18],{"id":36583},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36585,36586],{},"enumerate()",[20,36588,36589,36591],{},[15,36590,36586],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36593,36594],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,36596,36597,36600],{},[33,36598,36599],{},"the item itself",[33,36601,36602],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36604,36605,36606,36608],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36607,36586],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[70,36610,73],{"id":72},[75,36612,36614],{"className":77,"code":36613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36615,36616,36648,36652,36675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36617,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36619,13919],{"class":90},[84,36621,95],{"class":94},[84,36623,99],{"class":98},[84,36625,3711],{"class":185},[84,36627,13936],{"class":189},[84,36629,3711],{"class":185},[84,36631,106],{"class":98},[84,36633,4211],{"class":185},[84,36635,18296],{"class":189},[84,36637,3711],{"class":185},[84,36639,106],{"class":98},[84,36641,4211],{"class":185},[84,36643,13953],{"class":189},[84,36645,3711],{"class":185},[84,36647,122],{"class":98},[84,36649,36650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36651,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36653,36654,36656,36659,36661,36664,36666,36669,36671,36673],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36655,1428],{"class":633},[84,36657,36658],{"class":90}," index",[84,36660,106],{"class":98},[84,36662,36663],{"class":90}," color ",[84,36665,1434],{"class":633},[84,36667,36668],{"class":133}," enumerate",[84,36670,137],{"class":98},[84,36672,18343],{"class":146},[84,36674,628],{"class":98},[84,36676,36677,36679,36681,36684,36686,36689],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36678,1445],{"class":133},[84,36680,137],{"class":98},[84,36682,36683],{"class":146},"index",[84,36685,106],{"class":98},[84,36687,36688],{"class":146}," color",[84,36690,150],{"class":98},[20,36692,172],{},[75,36694,36696],{"className":77,"code":36695,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36697,36698,36705,36712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36699,36700,36702],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36701,2983],{"class":102},[84,36703,36704],{"class":90}," red\n",[84,36706,36707,36709],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36708,103],{"class":102},[84,36710,36711],{"class":90}," green\n",[84,36713,36714,36716],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36715,199],{"class":102},[84,36717,36718],{"class":90}," blue\n",[20,36720,224,36721,36723],{},[15,36722,36586],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[70,36725,235,36727,238],{"id":36726},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36728,36586],{},[20,36730,36731,36733],{},[15,36732,36586],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36735,36736],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,36738,36739,36741,36743,36745],{},[33,36740,6142],{},[33,36742,6145],{},[33,36744,6151],{},[33,36746,36747],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36749,36750],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36752,814],{},[75,36754,36756],{"className":77,"code":36755,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36757,36758,36792,36796,36817],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36759,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36779,36781,36783,36785,36788,36790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36761,5842],{"class":90},[84,36763,95],{"class":94},[84,36765,99],{"class":98},[84,36767,3711],{"class":185},[84,36769,13723],{"class":189},[84,36771,3711],{"class":185},[84,36773,106],{"class":98},[84,36775,4211],{"class":185},[84,36777,36778],{"class":189},"Ben",[84,36780,3711],{"class":185},[84,36782,106],{"class":98},[84,36784,4211],{"class":185},[84,36786,36787],{"class":189},"Cara",[84,36789,3711],{"class":185},[84,36791,122],{"class":98},[84,36793,36794],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36795,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36797,36798,36800,36802,36804,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36799,1428],{"class":633},[84,36801,36658],{"class":90},[84,36803,106],{"class":98},[84,36805,36806],{"class":90}," name ",[84,36808,1434],{"class":633},[84,36810,36668],{"class":133},[84,36812,137],{"class":98},[84,36814,5886],{"class":146},[84,36816,628],{"class":98},[84,36818,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36830],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36820,1445],{"class":133},[84,36822,137],{"class":98},[84,36824,36683],{"class":146},[84,36826,106],{"class":98},[84,36828,36829],{"class":146}," name",[84,36831,150],{"class":98},[20,36833,172],{},[75,36835,36837],{"className":77,"code":36836,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36838,36839,36846,36853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36840,36841,36843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36842,2983],{"class":102},[84,36844,36845],{"class":90}," Ana\n",[84,36847,36848,36850],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36849,103],{"class":102},[84,36851,36852],{"class":90}," Ben\n",[84,36854,36855,36857],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36856,199],{"class":102},[84,36858,36859],{"class":90}," Cara\n",[20,36861,36862,36863,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[303,36864,36866],{"href":36865},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[70,36868,311],{"id":310},[20,36870,3023],{},[75,36872,36874],{"className":77,"code":36873,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36875,36876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36877,36878,36881,36883,36885,36887,36890,36892,36894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36879,36880],{"class":133},"enumerate",[84,36882,137],{"class":98},[84,36884,249],{"class":146},[84,36886,106],{"class":98},[84,36888,36889],{"class":10015}," start",[84,36891,95],{"class":94},[84,36893,2983],{"class":102},[84,36895,150],{"class":98},[20,36897,36898],{},"It has two parts:",[30,36900,36901,36906],{},[33,36902,36903,36905],{},[15,36904,249],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,36907,36908,36911],{},[15,36909,36910],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36913,36914,36915,307],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36916,2983],{},[20,36918,814],{},[75,36920,36922],{"className":77,"code":36921,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36923,36924,36957,36961,36984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,36925,36926,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,36927,36928],{"class":90},"letters ",[84,36930,95],{"class":94},[84,36932,99],{"class":98},[84,36934,3711],{"class":185},[84,36936,303],{"class":189},[84,36938,3711],{"class":185},[84,36940,106],{"class":98},[84,36942,4211],{"class":185},[84,36944,5608],{"class":189},[84,36946,3711],{"class":185},[84,36948,106],{"class":98},[84,36950,4211],{"class":185},[84,36952,10580],{"class":189},[84,36954,3711],{"class":185},[84,36956,122],{"class":98},[84,36958,36959],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,36960,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,36962,36963,36965,36968,36970,36973,36975,36977,36979,36982],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,36964,1428],{"class":633},[84,36966,36967],{"class":90}," i",[84,36969,106],{"class":98},[84,36971,36972],{"class":90}," letter ",[84,36974,1434],{"class":633},[84,36976,36668],{"class":133},[84,36978,137],{"class":98},[84,36980,36981],{"class":146},"letters",[84,36983,628],{"class":98},[84,36985,36986,36988,36990,36993,36995,36998],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,36987,1445],{"class":133},[84,36989,137],{"class":98},[84,36991,36992],{"class":146},"i",[84,36994,106],{"class":98},[84,36996,36997],{"class":146}," letter",[84,36999,150],{"class":98},[20,37001,172],{},[75,37003,37005],{"className":77,"code":37004,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,37006,37007,37014,37020],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37008,37009,37011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37010,2983],{"class":102},[84,37012,37013],{"class":90}," a\n",[84,37015,37016,37018],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37017,103],{"class":102},[84,37019,850],{"class":90},[84,37021,37022,37024],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37023,199],{"class":102},[84,37025,37026],{"class":90}," c\n",[20,37028,37029,37030,307],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[303,37031,13,37033,591],{"href":37032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,37034,37035],{},"range()",[70,37037,235,37039,12548],{"id":37038},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,37040,36586],{},[20,37042,37043,37045,37046,307],{},[15,37044,36586],{}," returns an ",[53,37047,37048],{},"enumerate object",[20,37050,37051,37052,37054],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,37053,1428],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,37056,37057],{},[33,37058,37059],{},[15,37060,37061],{},"(index, item)",[20,37063,37064],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,37066,814],{},[75,37068,37070],{"className":77,"code":37069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,37071,37072,37105,37109,37131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37073,37074,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37075,37076],{"class":90},"fruits ",[84,37078,95],{"class":94},[84,37080,99],{"class":98},[84,37082,3711],{"class":185},[84,37084,4928],{"class":189},[84,37086,3711],{"class":185},[84,37088,106],{"class":98},[84,37090,4211],{"class":185},[84,37092,4937],{"class":189},[84,37094,3711],{"class":185},[84,37096,106],{"class":98},[84,37098,4211],{"class":185},[84,37100,34061],{"class":189},[84,37102,3711],{"class":185},[84,37104,122],{"class":98},[84,37106,37107],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37108,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37110,37111,37113,37115,37117,37120,37122,37124,37126,37129],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37112,1428],{"class":633},[84,37114,36658],{"class":90},[84,37116,106],{"class":98},[84,37118,37119],{"class":90}," fruit ",[84,37121,1434],{"class":633},[84,37123,36668],{"class":133},[84,37125,137],{"class":98},[84,37127,37128],{"class":146},"fruits",[84,37130,628],{"class":98},[84,37132,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37144],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37134,1445],{"class":133},[84,37136,137],{"class":98},[84,37138,36683],{"class":146},[84,37140,106],{"class":98},[84,37142,37143],{"class":146}," fruit",[84,37145,150],{"class":98},[20,37147,37148],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[75,37150,37152],{"className":77,"code":37151,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,37153,37154,37174,37178,37196],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37170,37172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37157,91],{"class":90},[84,37159,95],{"class":94},[84,37161,99],{"class":98},[84,37163,437],{"class":102},[84,37165,106],{"class":98},[84,37167,442],{"class":102},[84,37169,106],{"class":98},[84,37171,447],{"class":102},[84,37173,122],{"class":98},[84,37175,37176],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37177,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37179,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37181,128],{"class":90},[84,37183,95],{"class":94},[84,37185,1636],{"class":140},[84,37187,137],{"class":98},[84,37189,36880],{"class":133},[84,37191,137],{"class":98},[84,37193,535],{"class":146},[84,37195,169],{"class":98},[84,37197,37198,37200,37202,37204],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37199,156],{"class":133},[84,37201,137],{"class":98},[84,37203,166],{"class":146},[84,37205,150],{"class":98},[20,37207,172],{},[75,37209,37211],{"className":77,"code":37210,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,37212,37213],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37214,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37216,22583],{"class":98},[84,37218,2983],{"class":102},[84,37220,106],{"class":98},[84,37222,6847],{"class":102},[84,37224,10073],{"class":98},[84,37226,10076],{"class":98},[84,37228,103],{"class":102},[84,37230,106],{"class":98},[84,37232,442],{"class":102},[84,37234,10073],{"class":98},[84,37236,10076],{"class":98},[84,37238,199],{"class":102},[84,37240,106],{"class":98},[84,37242,447],{"class":102},[84,37244,10089],{"class":98},[20,37246,37247,37248,37250],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,37249,36586],{}," produces.",[70,37252,1741,37254],{"id":37253},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,37255,36586],{},[20,37257,224,37258,37260],{},[15,37259,36586],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,37262,37263],{},"Common cases:",[30,37265,37266,37269,37272,37275],{},[33,37267,37268],{},"printing numbered output",[33,37270,37271],{},"building menus",[33,37273,37274],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,37276,37277],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,37279,814],{},[75,37281,37283],{"className":77,"code":37282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,37284,37285,37320,37324,37354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37286,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37298,37300,37302,37304,37307,37309,37311,37313,37316,37318],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37288,30739],{"class":90},[84,37290,95],{"class":94},[84,37292,99],{"class":98},[84,37294,3711],{"class":185},[84,37296,37297],{"class":189},"Wash dishes",[84,37299,3711],{"class":185},[84,37301,106],{"class":98},[84,37303,4211],{"class":185},[84,37305,37306],{"class":189},"Study Python",[84,37308,3711],{"class":185},[84,37310,106],{"class":98},[84,37312,4211],{"class":185},[84,37314,37315],{"class":189},"Go for a walk",[84,37317,3711],{"class":185},[84,37319,122],{"class":98},[84,37321,37322],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37323,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37325,37326,37328,37330,37332,37335,37337,37339,37341,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37327,1428],{"class":633},[84,37329,3056],{"class":90},[84,37331,106],{"class":98},[84,37333,37334],{"class":90}," task ",[84,37336,1434],{"class":633},[84,37338,36668],{"class":133},[84,37340,137],{"class":98},[84,37342,37343],{"class":146},"tasks",[84,37345,106],{"class":98},[84,37347,36889],{"class":10015},[84,37349,95],{"class":94},[84,37351,103],{"class":102},[84,37353,628],{"class":98},[84,37355,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37377,37379,37381],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37357,1445],{"class":133},[84,37359,137],{"class":98},[84,37361,23137],{"class":614},[84,37363,3711],{"class":189},[84,37365,10118],{"class":102},[84,37367,3098],{"class":146},[84,37369,23146],{"class":102},[84,37371,29154],{"class":189},[84,37373,10118],{"class":102},[84,37375,37376],{"class":146},"task",[84,37378,23146],{"class":102},[84,37380,3711],{"class":189},[84,37382,150],{"class":98},[20,37384,172],{},[75,37386,37388],{"className":77,"code":37387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37389,37390,37402,37414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37391,37392,37394,37396,37399],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37393,103],{"class":102},[84,37395,307],{"class":98},[84,37397,37398],{"class":25590}," Wash",[84,37400,37401],{"class":90}," dishes\n",[84,37403,37404,37406,37408,37411],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37405,199],{"class":102},[84,37407,307],{"class":98},[84,37409,37410],{"class":25590}," Study",[84,37412,37413],{"class":90}," Python\n",[84,37415,37416,37418,37420,37423,37425],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37417,208],{"class":102},[84,37419,307],{"class":98},[84,37421,37422],{"class":25590}," Go",[84,37424,1973],{"class":633},[84,37426,37427],{"class":90}," a walk\n",[20,37429,37430,37431,37433,37434,307],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37432,36586],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37435,37436],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37438,37439,37440,307],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[303,37441,37443,37444,37446],{"href":37442},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37445,36586],{}," in Python",[70,37448,37450,37451,37453],{"id":37449},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37452,36910],{}," argument",[20,37455,37456,37457,37459],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37458,36910],{}," argument.",[20,37461,37462,37463,11935,37465,3743],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37464,103],{},[15,37466,2983],{},[75,37468,37470],{"className":77,"code":37469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37471,37472,37504,37508,37536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37473,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37475,13919],{"class":90},[84,37477,95],{"class":94},[84,37479,99],{"class":98},[84,37481,3711],{"class":185},[84,37483,13936],{"class":189},[84,37485,3711],{"class":185},[84,37487,106],{"class":98},[84,37489,4211],{"class":185},[84,37491,18296],{"class":189},[84,37493,3711],{"class":185},[84,37495,106],{"class":98},[84,37497,4211],{"class":185},[84,37499,13953],{"class":189},[84,37501,3711],{"class":185},[84,37503,122],{"class":98},[84,37505,37506],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37507,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37511,1428],{"class":633},[84,37513,36658],{"class":90},[84,37515,106],{"class":98},[84,37517,36663],{"class":90},[84,37519,1434],{"class":633},[84,37521,36668],{"class":133},[84,37523,137],{"class":98},[84,37525,18343],{"class":146},[84,37527,106],{"class":98},[84,37529,36889],{"class":10015},[84,37531,95],{"class":94},[84,37533,103],{"class":102},[84,37535,628],{"class":98},[84,37537,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37539,1445],{"class":133},[84,37541,137],{"class":98},[84,37543,36683],{"class":146},[84,37545,106],{"class":98},[84,37547,36688],{"class":146},[84,37549,150],{"class":98},[20,37551,172],{},[75,37553,37555],{"className":77,"code":37554,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37556,37557,37563,37569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37558,37559,37561],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37560,103],{"class":102},[84,37562,36704],{"class":90},[84,37564,37565,37567],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37566,199],{"class":102},[84,37568,36711],{"class":90},[84,37570,37571,37573],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37572,208],{"class":102},[84,37574,36718],{"class":90},[20,37576,37577],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37579,37580],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[70,37582,26197],{"id":26196},[20,37584,26200,37585,307],{},[15,37586,36586],{},[995,37588,37590],{"id":37589},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37592,37593],{},"In this loop:",[75,37595,37597],{"className":77,"code":37596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37598,37599,37619,37623,37643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37600,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37602,91],{"class":90},[84,37604,95],{"class":94},[84,37606,99],{"class":98},[84,37608,437],{"class":102},[84,37610,106],{"class":98},[84,37612,442],{"class":102},[84,37614,106],{"class":98},[84,37616,447],{"class":102},[84,37618,122],{"class":98},[84,37620,37621],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37622,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37624,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37626,1428],{"class":633},[84,37628,36658],{"class":90},[84,37630,106],{"class":98},[84,37632,22427],{"class":90},[84,37634,1434],{"class":633},[84,37636,36668],{"class":133},[84,37638,137],{"class":98},[84,37640,535],{"class":146},[84,37642,628],{"class":98},[84,37644,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37646,1445],{"class":133},[84,37648,137],{"class":98},[84,37650,36683],{"class":146},[84,37652,106],{"class":98},[84,37654,9271],{"class":146},[84,37656,150],{"class":98},[30,37658,37659,37669],{},[33,37660,37661,5631,37663,362,37665,362,37667],{},[15,37662,36683],{},[15,37664,2983],{},[15,37666,103],{},[15,37668,199],{},[33,37670,37671,5631,37673,362,37675,362,37677],{},[15,37672,3329],{},[15,37674,437],{},[15,37676,512],{},[15,37678,521],{},[20,37680,37681],{},"These are different things.",[995,37683,37685],{"id":37684},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37687,37688,37689,37691],{},"Each item from ",[15,37690,36586],{}," is a pair.",[20,37693,7526],{},[75,37695,37697],{"className":77,"code":37696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37698,37699,37723,37727,37747],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37700,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37702,8620],{"class":90},[84,37704,95],{"class":94},[84,37706,99],{"class":98},[84,37708,3711],{"class":185},[84,37710,625],{"class":189},[84,37712,3711],{"class":185},[84,37714,106],{"class":98},[84,37716,4211],{"class":185},[84,37718,12588],{"class":189},[84,37720,3711],{"class":185},[84,37722,122],{"class":98},[84,37724,37725],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37726,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37728,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37730,1428],{"class":633},[84,37732,36967],{"class":90},[84,37734,106],{"class":98},[84,37736,1431],{"class":90},[84,37738,1434],{"class":633},[84,37740,36668],{"class":133},[84,37742,137],{"class":98},[84,37744,8649],{"class":146},[84,37746,628],{"class":98},[84,37748,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37750,1445],{"class":133},[84,37752,137],{"class":98},[84,37754,36992],{"class":146},[84,37756,106],{"class":98},[84,37758,30348],{"class":146},[84,37760,150],{"class":98},[20,37762,37763],{},"But this causes an error:",[75,37765,37767],{"className":77,"code":37766,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37768,37769,37793,37797,37822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37770,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37772,8620],{"class":90},[84,37774,95],{"class":94},[84,37776,99],{"class":98},[84,37778,3711],{"class":185},[84,37780,625],{"class":189},[84,37782,3711],{"class":185},[84,37784,106],{"class":98},[84,37786,4211],{"class":185},[84,37788,12588],{"class":189},[84,37790,3711],{"class":185},[84,37792,122],{"class":98},[84,37794,37795],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37796,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37798,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37800,1428],{"class":633},[84,37802,36967],{"class":90},[84,37804,106],{"class":98},[84,37806,30348],{"class":90},[84,37808,106],{"class":98},[84,37810,37811],{"class":90}," extra ",[84,37813,1434],{"class":633},[84,37815,36668],{"class":133},[84,37817,137],{"class":98},[84,37819,8649],{"class":146},[84,37821,628],{"class":98},[84,37823,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37839],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,37825,1445],{"class":133},[84,37827,137],{"class":98},[84,37829,36992],{"class":146},[84,37831,106],{"class":98},[84,37833,30348],{"class":146},[84,37835,106],{"class":98},[84,37837,37838],{"class":146}," extra",[84,37840,150],{"class":98},[20,37842,29902,37843,37845],{},[15,37844,36586],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[995,37847,37849,37851],{"id":37848},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37850,36586],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37853,37854],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37856,37857],{},"Example with a string:",[75,37859,37861],{"className":77,"code":37860,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37862,37863,37889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37864,37865,37867,37869,37871,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37885,37887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37866,1428],{"class":633},[84,37868,36658],{"class":90},[84,37870,106],{"class":98},[84,37872,37873],{"class":90}," char ",[84,37875,1434],{"class":633},[84,37877,36668],{"class":133},[84,37879,137],{"class":98},[84,37881,3711],{"class":185},[84,37883,37884],{"class":189},"cat",[84,37886,3711],{"class":185},[84,37888,628],{"class":98},[84,37890,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37902],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37892,1445],{"class":133},[84,37894,137],{"class":98},[84,37896,36683],{"class":146},[84,37898,106],{"class":98},[84,37900,37901],{"class":146}," char",[84,37903,150],{"class":98},[20,37905,172],{},[75,37907,37909],{"className":77,"code":37908,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37910,37911,37917,37923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37912,37913,37915],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37914,2983],{"class":102},[84,37916,37026],{"class":90},[84,37918,37919,37921],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37920,103],{"class":102},[84,37922,37013],{"class":90},[84,37924,37925,37927],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37926,199],{"class":102},[84,37928,37929],{"class":90}," t\n",[20,37931,37932,37933,307],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[303,37934,306],{"href":6430},[995,37936,37938],{"id":37937},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37940,37941,37942,307],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37943,36586],{},[20,37945,37946,37947,37949],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37948,1428],{}," loop:",[75,37951,37953],{"className":77,"code":37952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37954,37955,37987,37991,38003],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,37956,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,37958,13919],{"class":90},[84,37960,95],{"class":94},[84,37962,99],{"class":98},[84,37964,3711],{"class":185},[84,37966,13936],{"class":189},[84,37968,3711],{"class":185},[84,37970,106],{"class":98},[84,37972,4211],{"class":185},[84,37974,18296],{"class":189},[84,37976,3711],{"class":185},[84,37978,106],{"class":98},[84,37980,4211],{"class":185},[84,37982,13953],{"class":189},[84,37984,3711],{"class":185},[84,37986,122],{"class":98},[84,37988,37989],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,37990,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,37992,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,37994,1428],{"class":633},[84,37996,36663],{"class":90},[84,37998,1434],{"class":633},[84,38000,13967],{"class":90},[84,38002,1440],{"class":98},[84,38004,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38006,1445],{"class":133},[84,38008,137],{"class":98},[84,38010,33733],{"class":146},[84,38012,150],{"class":98},[20,38014,38015],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[70,38017,3686],{"id":3685},[20,38019,38020],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,38022,38023,38028,38034,38039],{},[33,38024,23943,38025,38027],{},[15,38026,36586],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,38029,38030,38031,38033],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,38032,2983],{}," by default",[33,38035,595,38036,38038],{},[15,38037,36586],{}," when only values are needed",[33,38040,38041,38042,9544,38044],{},"Confusing ",[15,38043,36586],{},[15,38045,37035],{},[20,38047,38048],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[75,38050,38052],{"className":77,"code":38051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,38053,38054,38076,38103,38137,38170],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38055,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38057,156],{"class":133},[84,38059,137],{"class":98},[84,38061,36880],{"class":133},[84,38063,3845],{"class":98},[84,38065,437],{"class":102},[84,38067,106],{"class":98},[84,38069,442],{"class":102},[84,38071,106],{"class":98},[84,38073,447],{"class":102},[84,38075,3858],{"class":98},[84,38077,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38079,156],{"class":133},[84,38081,137],{"class":98},[84,38083,161],{"class":140},[84,38085,137],{"class":98},[84,38087,36880],{"class":133},[84,38089,3845],{"class":98},[84,38091,437],{"class":102},[84,38093,106],{"class":98},[84,38095,442],{"class":102},[84,38097,106],{"class":98},[84,38099,447],{"class":102},[84,38101,38102],{"class":98},"])))\n",[84,38104,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38106,156],{"class":133},[84,38108,137],{"class":98},[84,38110,161],{"class":140},[84,38112,137],{"class":98},[84,38114,36880],{"class":133},[84,38116,3845],{"class":98},[84,38118,437],{"class":102},[84,38120,106],{"class":98},[84,38122,442],{"class":102},[84,38124,106],{"class":98},[84,38126,447],{"class":102},[84,38128,18903],{"class":98},[84,38130,36889],{"class":10015},[84,38132,95],{"class":94},[84,38134,103],{"class":102},[84,38136,3771],{"class":98},[84,38138,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38140,1428],{"class":633},[84,38142,36967],{"class":90},[84,38144,106],{"class":98},[84,38146,22427],{"class":90},[84,38148,1434],{"class":633},[84,38150,36668],{"class":133},[84,38152,3845],{"class":98},[84,38154,186],{"class":185},[84,38156,303],{"class":189},[84,38158,186],{"class":185},[84,38160,106],{"class":98},[84,38162,196],{"class":185},[84,38164,5608],{"class":189},[84,38166,186],{"class":185},[84,38168,38169],{"class":98},"]):\n",[84,38171,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,38173,1445],{"class":133},[84,38175,137],{"class":98},[84,38177,36992],{"class":146},[84,38179,106],{"class":98},[84,38181,9271],{"class":146},[84,38183,150],{"class":98},[20,38185,17799],{},[75,38187,38189],{"className":77,"code":38188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,38190,38191,38207,38239,38271,38277],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38192,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38194,1251],{"class":94},[84,38196,36880],{"class":133},[84,38198,1256],{"class":140},[84,38200,1259],{"class":90},[84,38202,1263],{"class":1262},[84,38204,1267],{"class":1266},[84,38206,1270],{"class":94},[84,38208,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38210,22583],{"class":98},[84,38212,2983],{"class":102},[84,38214,106],{"class":98},[84,38216,6847],{"class":102},[84,38218,10073],{"class":98},[84,38220,10076],{"class":98},[84,38222,103],{"class":102},[84,38224,106],{"class":98},[84,38226,442],{"class":102},[84,38228,10073],{"class":98},[84,38230,10076],{"class":98},[84,38232,199],{"class":102},[84,38234,106],{"class":98},[84,38236,447],{"class":102},[84,38238,10089],{"class":98},[84,38240,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38242,22583],{"class":98},[84,38244,103],{"class":102},[84,38246,106],{"class":98},[84,38248,6847],{"class":102},[84,38250,10073],{"class":98},[84,38252,10076],{"class":98},[84,38254,199],{"class":102},[84,38256,106],{"class":98},[84,38258,442],{"class":102},[84,38260,10073],{"class":98},[84,38262,10076],{"class":98},[84,38264,208],{"class":102},[84,38266,106],{"class":98},[84,38268,447],{"class":102},[84,38270,10089],{"class":98},[84,38272,38273,38275],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38274,2983],{"class":102},[84,38276,37013],{"class":90},[84,38278,38279,38281],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,38280,103],{"class":102},[84,38282,850],{"class":90},[70,38284,2694],{"id":2693},[995,38286,5987,38288,5990],{"id":38287},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,38289,36586],{},[20,38291,38292],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[995,38294,2698,38296,38298],{"id":38295},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38297,36586],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38300,38301,38302,38304,38305,38308],{},"It starts at ",[15,38303,2983],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38306,38307],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[995,38310,22263,38312,11935,38314,3348],{"id":38311},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38313,36586],{},[15,38315,38316],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38318,37430,38319,38321],{},[15,38320,36586],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[995,38323,2734,38325,38327],{"id":38324},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38326,36586],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38329,38330,38331,38333],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38332,36586],{}," can return each character with its index.",[70,38335,2751],{"id":2750},[30,38337,38338,38342,38348,38355],{},[33,38339,38340],{},[303,38341,36866],{"href":36865},[33,38343,38344],{},[303,38345,13,38346,591],{"href":37032},[15,38347,37035],{},[33,38349,38350],{},[303,38351,38352,38353,37446],{"href":37442},"How to use ",[15,38354,36586],{},[33,38356,38357],{},[303,38358,2783],{"href":6430},[2785,38360,38361],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":38363},[38364,38365,38367,38368,38370,38372,38374,38381,38382,38392],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":36726,"depth":125,"text":38366},"What enumerate() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":37038,"depth":125,"text":38369},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37253,"depth":125,"text":38371},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37449,"depth":125,"text":38373},"Using the start argument",{"id":26196,"depth":125,"text":26197,"children":38375},[38376,38377,38378,38380],{"id":37589,"depth":153,"text":37590},{"id":37684,"depth":153,"text":37685},{"id":37848,"depth":153,"text":38379},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37937,"depth":153,"text":37938},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":38383},[38384,38386,38388,38390],{"id":38287,"depth":153,"text":38385},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38295,"depth":153,"text":38387},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38311,"depth":153,"text":38389},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38324,"depth":153,"text":38391},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36578,"description":38393},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38400,"title":38401,"body":38402,"description":40901,"extension":2830,"meta":40902,"navigation":472,"path":2758,"seo":40903,"stem":40904,"__hash__":40905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38403,"toc":40858},[38404,38409,38414,38417,38425,38439,38441,38530,38538,38543,38548,38550,38566,38568,38647,38649,38666,38672,38676,38678,38697,38701,38704,38716,38720,38723,38726,38740,38743,38819,38821,38838,38843,38847,38854,38857,38872,38874,38963,38965,39010,39013,39017,39020,39099,39101,39122,39125,39132,39137,39140,39243,39245,39270,39273,39280,39286,39291,39294,39305,39411,39413,39434,39442,39449,39455,39474,39479,39482,39501,39503,39588,39590,39619,39622,39627,39632,39635,39646,39648,39737,39739,39759,39765,39871,39873,39893,39896,39980,39982,40002,40009,40011,40015,40021,40024,40081,40084,40086,40147,40156,40159,40162,40190,40193,40253,40255,40272,40276,40279,40357,40359,40379,40382,40457,40461,40464,40466,40475,40480,40482,40533,40540,40552,40557,40618,40620,40637,40641,40702,40704,40728,40736,40738,40744,40750,40757,40765,40771,40774,40781,40791,40797,40803,40806,40821,40827,40829,40855],[10,38405,13,38407,18],{"id":38406},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38408,2761],{},[20,38410,38411,38413],{},[15,38412,2761],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38415,38416],{},"It takes:",[30,38418,38419,38422],{},[33,38420,38421],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,38423,38424],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38426,38427,38428,38431,38432,38435,38436,38438],{},"The result is ",[53,38429,38430],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38433,38434],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38437,68],{}," to see the values.",[70,38440,73],{"id":72},[75,38442,38444],{"className":77,"code":38443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38445,38446,38478,38513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38447,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38449,91],{"class":90},[84,38451,95],{"class":94},[84,38453,99],{"class":98},[84,38455,103],{"class":102},[84,38457,106],{"class":98},[84,38459,109],{"class":102},[84,38461,106],{"class":98},[84,38463,114],{"class":102},[84,38465,106],{"class":98},[84,38467,119],{"class":102},[84,38469,106],{"class":98},[84,38471,5452],{"class":102},[84,38473,106],{"class":98},[84,38475,733],{"class":102},[84,38477,122],{"class":98},[84,38479,38480,38482,38484,38487,38489,38492,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38481,128],{"class":90},[84,38483,95],{"class":94},[84,38485,38486],{"class":133}," filter",[84,38488,137],{"class":98},[84,38490,38491],{"class":614},"lambda",[84,38493,38494],{"class":624}," x",[84,38496,3743],{"class":98},[84,38498,637],{"class":146},[84,38500,7244],{"class":94},[84,38502,109],{"class":102},[84,38504,7249],{"class":94},[84,38506,4685],{"class":102},[84,38508,106],{"class":98},[84,38510,147],{"class":146},[84,38512,150],{"class":98},[84,38514,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38516,156],{"class":133},[84,38518,137],{"class":98},[84,38520,161],{"class":140},[84,38522,137],{"class":98},[84,38524,166],{"class":146},[84,38526,6204],{"class":98},[84,38528,38529],{"class":4517},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38531,38532,38534,38535,38537],{},[15,38533,2761],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38536,68],{}," to see the results.",[70,38539,235,38541,238],{"id":38540},"what-filter-does",[15,38542,2761],{},[20,38544,38545,38547],{},[15,38546,2761],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38549,2970],{},[30,38551,38552,38555,38561],{},[33,38553,38554],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,38556,38557,38558,38560],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38559,4459],{},", the item is kept",[33,38562,38557,38563,38565],{},[15,38564,4528],{},", the item is removed",[20,38567,814],{},[75,38569,38571],{"className":77,"code":38570,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38572,38573,38601,38605,38633],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38574,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38576,91],{"class":90},[84,38578,95],{"class":94},[84,38580,99],{"class":98},[84,38582,103],{"class":102},[84,38584,106],{"class":98},[84,38586,109],{"class":102},[84,38588,106],{"class":98},[84,38590,114],{"class":102},[84,38592,106],{"class":98},[84,38594,119],{"class":102},[84,38596,106],{"class":98},[84,38598,5452],{"class":102},[84,38600,122],{"class":98},[84,38602,38603],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38604,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,38606,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38608,128],{"class":90},[84,38610,95],{"class":94},[84,38612,38486],{"class":133},[84,38614,137],{"class":98},[84,38616,38491],{"class":614},[84,38618,38494],{"class":624},[84,38620,3743],{"class":98},[84,38622,637],{"class":146},[84,38624,5102],{"class":94},[84,38626,114],{"class":102},[84,38628,106],{"class":98},[84,38630,147],{"class":146},[84,38632,150],{"class":98},[84,38634,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38636,156],{"class":133},[84,38638,137],{"class":98},[84,38640,161],{"class":140},[84,38642,137],{"class":98},[84,38644,166],{"class":146},[84,38646,169],{"class":98},[20,38648,172],{},[75,38650,38652],{"className":77,"code":38651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38653,38654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38655,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38657,182],{"class":98},[84,38659,217],{"class":102},[84,38661,106],{"class":98},[84,38663,5452],{"class":102},[84,38665,122],{"class":98},[20,38667,38668,38669,38671],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38670,208],{}," are kept.",[70,38673,38675],{"id":38674},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38677,3023],{},[75,38679,38681],{"className":77,"code":38680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38682,38683],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38684,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38686,38434],{"class":133},[84,38688,137],{"class":98},[84,38690,282],{"class":146},[84,38692,106],{"class":98},[84,38694,287],{"class":146},[84,38696,150],{"class":98},[995,38698,38699],{"id":282},[15,38700,282],{},[20,38702,38703],{},"This is the test function.",[30,38705,38706,38709],{},[33,38707,38708],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,38710,38711,38712,3736,38714],{},"It should return ",[15,38713,4459],{},[15,38715,4528],{},[995,38717,38718],{"id":249},[15,38719,249],{},[20,38721,38722],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38724,38725],{},"It can be:",[30,38727,38728,38730,38732,38734,38737],{},[33,38729,255],{},[33,38731,258],{},[33,38733,261],{},[33,38735,38736],{},"a set",[33,38738,38739],{},"another iterable object",[20,38741,38742],{},"Example with a tuple:",[75,38744,38746],{"className":77,"code":38745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38747,38748,38773,38777,38805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38749,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38751,91],{"class":90},[84,38753,95],{"class":94},[84,38755,10076],{"class":98},[84,38757,437],{"class":102},[84,38759,106],{"class":98},[84,38761,38762],{"class":102}," 15",[84,38764,106],{"class":98},[84,38766,442],{"class":102},[84,38768,106],{"class":98},[84,38770,10146],{"class":102},[84,38772,150],{"class":98},[84,38774,38775],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38776,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,38778,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38780,128],{"class":90},[84,38782,95],{"class":94},[84,38784,38486],{"class":133},[84,38786,137],{"class":98},[84,38788,38491],{"class":614},[84,38790,38494],{"class":624},[84,38792,3743],{"class":98},[84,38794,637],{"class":146},[84,38796,5946],{"class":94},[84,38798,442],{"class":102},[84,38800,106],{"class":98},[84,38802,147],{"class":146},[84,38804,150],{"class":98},[84,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38808,156],{"class":133},[84,38810,137],{"class":98},[84,38812,161],{"class":140},[84,38814,137],{"class":98},[84,38816,166],{"class":146},[84,38818,169],{"class":98},[20,38820,172],{},[75,38822,38824],{"className":77,"code":38823,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38825,38826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38827,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38829,182],{"class":98},[84,38831,512],{"class":102},[84,38833,106],{"class":98},[84,38835,10146],{"class":102},[84,38837,122],{"class":98},[20,38839,38840,38841,307],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[303,38842,306],{"href":6430},[70,38844,38846],{"id":38845},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38848,1160,38849,22818,38851,307],{},[15,38850,2761],{},[53,38852,38853],{},"filter object",[20,38855,38856],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,38858,38859,38862,38867],{},[33,38860,38861],{},"loop through it",[33,38863,38864,38865],{},"convert it with ",[15,38866,68],{},[33,38868,38864,38869],{},[15,38870,38871],{},"tuple()",[20,38873,814],{},[75,38875,38877],{"className":77,"code":38876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38878,38879,38921,38925,38935,38949],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38880,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38882,128],{"class":90},[84,38884,95],{"class":94},[84,38886,38486],{"class":133},[84,38888,137],{"class":98},[84,38890,38491],{"class":614},[84,38892,38494],{"class":624},[84,38894,3743],{"class":98},[84,38896,637],{"class":146},[84,38898,5102],{"class":94},[84,38900,109],{"class":102},[84,38902,106],{"class":98},[84,38904,99],{"class":98},[84,38906,103],{"class":102},[84,38908,106],{"class":98},[84,38910,109],{"class":102},[84,38912,106],{"class":98},[84,38914,114],{"class":102},[84,38916,106],{"class":98},[84,38918,119],{"class":102},[84,38920,4737],{"class":98},[84,38922,38923],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38924,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,38926,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,38928,156],{"class":133},[84,38930,137],{"class":98},[84,38932,166],{"class":146},[84,38934,150],{"class":98},[84,38936,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,38938,156],{"class":133},[84,38940,137],{"class":98},[84,38942,2624],{"class":140},[84,38944,137],{"class":98},[84,38946,166],{"class":146},[84,38948,169],{"class":98},[84,38950,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,38952,156],{"class":133},[84,38954,137],{"class":98},[84,38956,161],{"class":140},[84,38958,137],{"class":98},[84,38960,166],{"class":146},[84,38962,169],{"class":98},[20,38964,172],{},[75,38966,38968],{"className":77,"code":38967,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38969,38970,38984,38998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,38971,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,38973,1251],{"class":94},[84,38975,38434],{"class":133},[84,38977,1256],{"class":140},[84,38979,1259],{"class":90},[84,38981,1267],{"class":1266},[84,38983,1270],{"class":94},[84,38985,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,38987,1251],{"class":94},[84,38989,4152],{"class":614},[84,38991,196],{"class":185},[84,38993,38434],{"class":189},[84,38995,186],{"class":185},[84,38997,1270],{"class":94},[84,38999,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39001,182],{"class":98},[84,39003,208],{"class":102},[84,39005,106],{"class":98},[84,39007,119],{"class":102},[84,39009,122],{"class":98},[20,39011,39012],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[995,39014,39016],{"id":39015},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,39018,39019],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[75,39021,39023],{"className":77,"code":39022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39024,39025,39067,39071,39085],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39026,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39028,128],{"class":90},[84,39030,95],{"class":94},[84,39032,38486],{"class":133},[84,39034,137],{"class":98},[84,39036,38491],{"class":614},[84,39038,38494],{"class":624},[84,39040,3743],{"class":98},[84,39042,637],{"class":146},[84,39044,5102],{"class":94},[84,39046,109],{"class":102},[84,39048,106],{"class":98},[84,39050,99],{"class":98},[84,39052,103],{"class":102},[84,39054,106],{"class":98},[84,39056,109],{"class":102},[84,39058,106],{"class":98},[84,39060,114],{"class":102},[84,39062,106],{"class":98},[84,39064,119],{"class":102},[84,39066,4737],{"class":98},[84,39068,39069],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39070,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39072,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39074,156],{"class":133},[84,39076,137],{"class":98},[84,39078,161],{"class":140},[84,39080,137],{"class":98},[84,39082,166],{"class":146},[84,39084,169],{"class":98},[84,39086,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39088,156],{"class":133},[84,39090,137],{"class":98},[84,39092,161],{"class":140},[84,39094,137],{"class":98},[84,39096,166],{"class":146},[84,39098,169],{"class":98},[20,39100,172],{},[75,39102,39104],{"className":77,"code":39103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,39105,39106,39118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39107,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39109,182],{"class":98},[84,39111,208],{"class":102},[84,39113,106],{"class":98},[84,39115,119],{"class":102},[84,39117,122],{"class":98},[84,39119,39120],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39121,1596],{"class":98},[20,39123,39124],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[70,39126,595,39128,9544,39130],{"id":39127},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,39129,2761],{},[15,39131,38491],{},[20,39133,16032,39134,39136],{},[15,39135,38491],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,39138,39139],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[75,39141,39143],{"className":77,"code":39142,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39144,39145,39187,39191,39229],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39183,39185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39148,4919],{"class":90},[84,39150,95],{"class":94},[84,39152,99],{"class":98},[84,39154,3711],{"class":185},[84,39156,4928],{"class":189},[84,39158,3711],{"class":185},[84,39160,106],{"class":98},[84,39162,4211],{"class":185},[84,39164,39165],{"class":189},"kiwi",[84,39167,3711],{"class":185},[84,39169,106],{"class":98},[84,39171,4211],{"class":185},[84,39173,4937],{"class":189},[84,39175,3711],{"class":185},[84,39177,106],{"class":98},[84,39179,4211],{"class":185},[84,39181,39182],{"class":189},"fig",[84,39184,3711],{"class":185},[84,39186,122],{"class":98},[84,39188,39189],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39190,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39206,39208,39211,39213,39216,39218,39221,39223,39225,39227],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39194,128],{"class":90},[84,39196,95],{"class":94},[84,39198,38486],{"class":133},[84,39200,137],{"class":98},[84,39202,38491],{"class":614},[84,39204,39205],{"class":624}," word",[84,39207,3743],{"class":98},[84,39209,39210],{"class":133}," len",[84,39212,137],{"class":98},[84,39214,39215],{"class":146},"word",[84,39217,1970],{"class":98},[84,39219,39220],{"class":94}," >",[84,39222,119],{"class":102},[84,39224,106],{"class":98},[84,39226,7010],{"class":146},[84,39228,150],{"class":98},[84,39230,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39232,156],{"class":133},[84,39234,137],{"class":98},[84,39236,161],{"class":140},[84,39238,137],{"class":98},[84,39240,166],{"class":146},[84,39242,169],{"class":98},[20,39244,172],{},[75,39246,39248],{"className":77,"code":39247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,39249,39250],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39251,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39253,182],{"class":98},[84,39255,186],{"class":185},[84,39257,4928],{"class":189},[84,39259,186],{"class":185},[84,39261,106],{"class":98},[84,39263,196],{"class":185},[84,39265,4937],{"class":189},[84,39267,186],{"class":185},[84,39269,122],{"class":98},[20,39271,39272],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,39274,39275,39276,307],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[303,39277,39279],{"href":39278},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[70,39281,595,39283,39285],{"id":39282},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,39284,2761],{}," with a named function",[20,39287,39288,39289,307],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,39290,38491],{},[20,39292,39293],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,39295,39296,39299,39302],{},[33,39297,39298],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,39300,39301],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,39303,39304],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[75,39306,39308],{"className":77,"code":39307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39309,39310,39323,39338,39342,39374,39393,39397],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39311,39312,39314,39317,39319,39321],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39313,615],{"class":614},[84,39315,39316],{"class":618}," is_even",[84,39318,137],{"class":98},[84,39320,3098],{"class":624},[84,39322,628],{"class":98},[84,39324,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39326,634],{"class":633},[84,39328,7228],{"class":90},[84,39330,7244],{"class":94},[84,39332,109],{"class":102},[84,39334,7249],{"class":94},[84,39336,39337],{"class":102}," 0\n",[84,39339,39340],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39341,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39343,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39345,91],{"class":90},[84,39347,95],{"class":94},[84,39349,99],{"class":98},[84,39351,103],{"class":102},[84,39353,106],{"class":98},[84,39355,109],{"class":102},[84,39357,106],{"class":98},[84,39359,114],{"class":102},[84,39361,106],{"class":98},[84,39363,119],{"class":102},[84,39365,106],{"class":98},[84,39367,5452],{"class":102},[84,39369,106],{"class":98},[84,39371,733],{"class":102},[84,39373,122],{"class":98},[84,39375,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39387,39389,39391],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,39377,128],{"class":90},[84,39379,95],{"class":94},[84,39381,38486],{"class":133},[84,39383,137],{"class":98},[84,39385,39386],{"class":146},"is_even",[84,39388,106],{"class":98},[84,39390,147],{"class":146},[84,39392,150],{"class":98},[84,39394,39395],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,39396,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39398,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,39400,156],{"class":133},[84,39402,137],{"class":98},[84,39404,161],{"class":140},[84,39406,137],{"class":98},[84,39408,166],{"class":146},[84,39410,169],{"class":98},[20,39412,172],{},[75,39414,39416],{"className":77,"code":39415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39417,39418],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39419,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39421,182],{"class":98},[84,39423,199],{"class":102},[84,39425,106],{"class":98},[84,39427,119],{"class":102},[84,39429,106],{"class":98},[84,39431,733],{"class":102},[84,39433,122],{"class":98},[20,39435,21613,39436,3254,39439,39441],{},[15,39437,39438],{},"is_even()",[15,39440,4459],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[70,39443,595,39445,9544,39447],{"id":39444},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39446,4630],{},[15,39448,2761],{},[20,39450,39451,39452,39454],{},"You can pass ",[15,39453,4630],{}," as the first argument:",[75,39456,39458],{"className":77,"code":39457,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39459,39460],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39461,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39463,38434],{"class":133},[84,39465,137],{"class":98},[84,39467,4630],{"class":4704},[84,39469,106],{"class":98},[84,39471,287],{"class":146},[84,39473,150],{"class":98},[20,39475,39476,39477,8179],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[53,39478,6440],{},[20,39480,39481],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,39483,39484,39488,39493,39497],{},[33,39485,39486],{},[15,39487,2983],{},[33,39489,39490,39492],{},[15,39491,4625],{}," (empty string)",[33,39494,39495],{},[15,39496,4630],{},[33,39498,39499],{},[15,39500,4528],{},[20,39502,814],{},[75,39504,39506],{"className":77,"code":39505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39507,39508,39552,39556,39574],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39509,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39511,8620],{"class":90},[84,39513,95],{"class":94},[84,39515,99],{"class":98},[84,39517,2983],{"class":102},[84,39519,106],{"class":98},[84,39521,6341],{"class":102},[84,39523,106],{"class":98},[84,39525,6968],{"class":185},[84,39527,106],{"class":98},[84,39529,4211],{"class":185},[84,39531,4697],{"class":189},[84,39533,3711],{"class":185},[84,39535,106],{"class":98},[84,39537,4705],{"class":4704},[84,39539,106],{"class":98},[84,39541,4764],{"class":4704},[84,39543,106],{"class":98},[84,39545,4755],{"class":4704},[84,39547,106],{"class":98},[84,39549,5452],{"class":102},[84,39551,122],{"class":98},[84,39553,39554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39555,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39557,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39559,128],{"class":90},[84,39561,95],{"class":94},[84,39563,38486],{"class":133},[84,39565,137],{"class":98},[84,39567,4630],{"class":4704},[84,39569,106],{"class":98},[84,39571,6808],{"class":146},[84,39573,150],{"class":98},[84,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39577,156],{"class":133},[84,39579,137],{"class":98},[84,39581,161],{"class":140},[84,39583,137],{"class":98},[84,39585,166],{"class":146},[84,39587,169],{"class":98},[20,39589,172],{},[75,39591,39593],{"className":77,"code":39592,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39594,39595],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39596,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39598,182],{"class":98},[84,39600,103],{"class":102},[84,39602,106],{"class":98},[84,39604,196],{"class":185},[84,39606,4697],{"class":189},[84,39608,186],{"class":185},[84,39610,106],{"class":98},[84,39612,4764],{"class":4704},[84,39614,106],{"class":98},[84,39616,5452],{"class":102},[84,39618,122],{"class":98},[20,39620,39621],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[70,39623,1741,39625],{"id":39624},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39626,2761],{},[20,39628,224,39629,39631],{},[15,39630,2761],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39633,39634],{},"It works well for:",[30,39636,39637,39640,39643],{},[33,39638,39639],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,39641,39642],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,39644,39645],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39647,814],{},[75,39649,39651],{"className":77,"code":39650,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39652,39653,39685,39718,39722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39654,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39656,91],{"class":90},[84,39658,95],{"class":94},[84,39660,99],{"class":98},[84,39662,103],{"class":102},[84,39664,106],{"class":98},[84,39666,109],{"class":102},[84,39668,106],{"class":98},[84,39670,114],{"class":102},[84,39672,106],{"class":98},[84,39674,119],{"class":102},[84,39676,106],{"class":98},[84,39678,5452],{"class":102},[84,39680,106],{"class":98},[84,39682,733],{"class":102},[84,39684,122],{"class":98},[84,39686,39687,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39688,39689],{"class":90},"evens ",[84,39691,95],{"class":94},[84,39693,38486],{"class":133},[84,39695,137],{"class":98},[84,39697,38491],{"class":614},[84,39699,38494],{"class":624},[84,39701,3743],{"class":98},[84,39703,637],{"class":146},[84,39705,7244],{"class":94},[84,39707,109],{"class":102},[84,39709,7249],{"class":94},[84,39711,4685],{"class":102},[84,39713,106],{"class":98},[84,39715,147],{"class":146},[84,39717,150],{"class":98},[84,39719,39720],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39721,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39723,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39735],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39725,156],{"class":133},[84,39727,137],{"class":98},[84,39729,161],{"class":140},[84,39731,137],{"class":98},[84,39733,39734],{"class":146},"evens",[84,39736,169],{"class":98},[20,39738,172],{},[75,39740,39741],{"className":77,"code":39415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39742,39743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39744,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39746,182],{"class":98},[84,39748,199],{"class":102},[84,39750,106],{"class":98},[84,39752,119],{"class":102},[84,39754,106],{"class":98},[84,39756,733],{"class":102},[84,39758,122],{"class":98},[20,39760,39761,39762,39764],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39763,1428],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[75,39766,39768],{"className":77,"code":39767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39769,39770,39802,39810,39814,39826,39842,39857,39861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39771,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39773,91],{"class":90},[84,39775,95],{"class":94},[84,39777,99],{"class":98},[84,39779,103],{"class":102},[84,39781,106],{"class":98},[84,39783,109],{"class":102},[84,39785,106],{"class":98},[84,39787,114],{"class":102},[84,39789,106],{"class":98},[84,39791,119],{"class":102},[84,39793,106],{"class":98},[84,39795,5452],{"class":102},[84,39797,106],{"class":98},[84,39799,733],{"class":102},[84,39801,122],{"class":98},[84,39803,39804,39806,39808],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39805,39689],{"class":90},[84,39807,95],{"class":94},[84,39809,8678],{"class":98},[84,39811,39812],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39813,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39815,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39817,1428],{"class":633},[84,39819,7228],{"class":90},[84,39821,1434],{"class":633},[84,39823,147],{"class":90},[84,39825,1440],{"class":98},[84,39827,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,39829,7239],{"class":633},[84,39831,7228],{"class":90},[84,39833,7244],{"class":94},[84,39835,109],{"class":102},[84,39837,7249],{"class":94},[84,39839,4685],{"class":102},[84,39841,1440],{"class":98},[84,39843,39844,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,39845,39846],{"class":90},"        evens",[84,39848,307],{"class":98},[84,39850,14397],{"class":146},[84,39852,137],{"class":98},[84,39854,3098],{"class":146},[84,39856,150],{"class":98},[84,39858,39859],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,39860,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39862,39863,39865,39867,39869],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,39864,156],{"class":133},[84,39866,137],{"class":98},[84,39868,39734],{"class":146},[84,39870,150],{"class":98},[20,39872,172],{},[75,39874,39875],{"className":77,"code":39415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39876,39877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39878,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39880,182],{"class":98},[84,39882,199],{"class":102},[84,39884,106],{"class":98},[84,39886,119],{"class":102},[84,39888,106],{"class":98},[84,39890,733],{"class":102},[84,39892,122],{"class":98},[20,39894,39895],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[75,39897,39899],{"className":77,"code":39898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39900,39901,39933,39966,39970],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39902,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39904,91],{"class":90},[84,39906,95],{"class":94},[84,39908,99],{"class":98},[84,39910,103],{"class":102},[84,39912,106],{"class":98},[84,39914,109],{"class":102},[84,39916,106],{"class":98},[84,39918,114],{"class":102},[84,39920,106],{"class":98},[84,39922,119],{"class":102},[84,39924,106],{"class":98},[84,39926,5452],{"class":102},[84,39928,106],{"class":98},[84,39930,733],{"class":102},[84,39932,122],{"class":98},[84,39934,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947,39949,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,39936,39689],{"class":90},[84,39938,95],{"class":94},[84,39940,99],{"class":98},[84,39942,3076],{"class":90},[84,39944,1428],{"class":633},[84,39946,7228],{"class":90},[84,39948,1434],{"class":633},[84,39950,39951],{"class":90}," numbers ",[84,39953,7836],{"class":633},[84,39955,7228],{"class":90},[84,39957,7244],{"class":94},[84,39959,109],{"class":102},[84,39961,7249],{"class":94},[84,39963,4685],{"class":102},[84,39965,122],{"class":98},[84,39967,39968],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,39969,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,39971,39972,39974,39976,39978],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,39973,156],{"class":133},[84,39975,137],{"class":98},[84,39977,39734],{"class":146},[84,39979,150],{"class":98},[20,39981,172],{},[75,39983,39984],{"className":77,"code":39415,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,39985,39986],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,39989,182],{"class":98},[84,39991,199],{"class":102},[84,39993,106],{"class":98},[84,39995,119],{"class":102},[84,39997,106],{"class":98},[84,39999,733],{"class":102},[84,40001,122],{"class":98},[20,40003,40004,40005,307],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[303,40006,40008],{"href":40007},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[70,40010,3686],{"id":3685},[20,40012,15577,40013,307],{},[15,40014,2761],{},[995,40016,9291,40018,40020],{"id":40017},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,40019,2761],{}," to return a list",[20,40022,40023],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[75,40025,40027],{"className":77,"code":40026,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,40028,40029,40071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40030,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067,40069],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40032,128],{"class":90},[84,40034,95],{"class":94},[84,40036,38486],{"class":133},[84,40038,137],{"class":98},[84,40040,38491],{"class":614},[84,40042,38494],{"class":624},[84,40044,3743],{"class":98},[84,40046,637],{"class":146},[84,40048,5102],{"class":94},[84,40050,109],{"class":102},[84,40052,106],{"class":98},[84,40054,99],{"class":98},[84,40056,103],{"class":102},[84,40058,106],{"class":98},[84,40060,109],{"class":102},[84,40062,106],{"class":98},[84,40064,114],{"class":102},[84,40066,106],{"class":98},[84,40068,119],{"class":102},[84,40070,4737],{"class":98},[84,40072,40073,40075,40077,40079],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40074,156],{"class":133},[84,40076,137],{"class":98},[84,40078,166],{"class":146},[84,40080,150],{"class":98},[20,40082,40083],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,40085,2129],{},[75,40087,40089],{"className":77,"code":40088,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,40090,40091,40133],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40092,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40094,128],{"class":90},[84,40096,95],{"class":94},[84,40098,38486],{"class":133},[84,40100,137],{"class":98},[84,40102,38491],{"class":614},[84,40104,38494],{"class":624},[84,40106,3743],{"class":98},[84,40108,637],{"class":146},[84,40110,5102],{"class":94},[84,40112,109],{"class":102},[84,40114,106],{"class":98},[84,40116,99],{"class":98},[84,40118,103],{"class":102},[84,40120,106],{"class":98},[84,40122,109],{"class":102},[84,40124,106],{"class":98},[84,40126,114],{"class":102},[84,40128,106],{"class":98},[84,40130,119],{"class":102},[84,40132,4737],{"class":98},[84,40134,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40136,156],{"class":133},[84,40138,137],{"class":98},[84,40140,161],{"class":140},[84,40142,137],{"class":98},[84,40144,166],{"class":146},[84,40146,169],{"class":98},[995,40148,40150,40151,3736,40153,40155],{"id":40149},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,40152,4459],{},[15,40154,4528],{}," clearly",[20,40157,40158],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,40160,40161],{},"Good example:",[75,40163,40165],{"className":77,"code":40164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,40166,40167,40180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40168,40169,40171,40174,40176,40178],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40170,615],{"class":614},[84,40172,40173],{"class":618}," is_positive",[84,40175,137],{"class":98},[84,40177,3098],{"class":624},[84,40179,628],{"class":98},[84,40181,40182,40184,40186,40188],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40183,634],{"class":633},[84,40185,7228],{"class":90},[84,40187,5102],{"class":94},[84,40189,39337],{"class":102},[20,40191,40192],{},"Then use it with:",[75,40194,40196],{"className":77,"code":40195,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,40197,40198,40230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40199,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40228],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40201,91],{"class":90},[84,40203,95],{"class":94},[84,40205,99],{"class":98},[84,40207,2888],{"class":94},[84,40209,199],{"class":102},[84,40211,106],{"class":98},[84,40213,3081],{"class":94},[84,40215,103],{"class":102},[84,40217,106],{"class":98},[84,40219,4685],{"class":102},[84,40221,106],{"class":98},[84,40223,6341],{"class":102},[84,40225,106],{"class":98},[84,40227,109],{"class":102},[84,40229,122],{"class":98},[84,40231,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242,40244,40247,40249,40251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40233,156],{"class":133},[84,40235,137],{"class":98},[84,40237,161],{"class":140},[84,40239,137],{"class":98},[84,40241,38434],{"class":133},[84,40243,137],{"class":98},[84,40245,40246],{"class":146},"is_positive",[84,40248,106],{"class":98},[84,40250,147],{"class":146},[84,40252,3771],{"class":98},[20,40254,172],{},[75,40256,40258],{"className":77,"code":40257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2]\n",[15,40259,40260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40261,40262,40264,40266,40268,40270],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40263,182],{"class":98},[84,40265,103],{"class":102},[84,40267,106],{"class":98},[84,40269,109],{"class":102},[84,40271,122],{"class":98},[995,40273,40275],{"id":40274},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,40277,40278],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[75,40280,40281],{"className":77,"code":39022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,40282,40283,40325,40329,40343],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40284,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40286,128],{"class":90},[84,40288,95],{"class":94},[84,40290,38486],{"class":133},[84,40292,137],{"class":98},[84,40294,38491],{"class":614},[84,40296,38494],{"class":624},[84,40298,3743],{"class":98},[84,40300,637],{"class":146},[84,40302,5102],{"class":94},[84,40304,109],{"class":102},[84,40306,106],{"class":98},[84,40308,99],{"class":98},[84,40310,103],{"class":102},[84,40312,106],{"class":98},[84,40314,109],{"class":102},[84,40316,106],{"class":98},[84,40318,114],{"class":102},[84,40320,106],{"class":98},[84,40322,119],{"class":102},[84,40324,4737],{"class":98},[84,40326,40327],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40328,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,40332,156],{"class":133},[84,40334,137],{"class":98},[84,40336,161],{"class":140},[84,40338,137],{"class":98},[84,40340,166],{"class":146},[84,40342,169],{"class":98},[84,40344,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353,40355],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,40346,156],{"class":133},[84,40348,137],{"class":98},[84,40350,161],{"class":140},[84,40352,137],{"class":98},[84,40354,166],{"class":146},[84,40356,169],{"class":98},[20,40358,172],{},[75,40360,40361],{"className":77,"code":39103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,40362,40363,40375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40364,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40366,182],{"class":98},[84,40368,208],{"class":102},[84,40370,106],{"class":98},[84,40372,119],{"class":102},[84,40374,122],{"class":98},[84,40376,40377],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40378,1596],{"class":98},[20,40380,40381],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[75,40383,40385],{"className":77,"code":40384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40386,40387,40433,40437,40447],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40388,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40390,128],{"class":90},[84,40392,95],{"class":94},[84,40394,1636],{"class":140},[84,40396,137],{"class":98},[84,40398,38434],{"class":133},[84,40400,137],{"class":98},[84,40402,38491],{"class":614},[84,40404,38494],{"class":624},[84,40406,3743],{"class":98},[84,40408,637],{"class":146},[84,40410,5102],{"class":94},[84,40412,109],{"class":102},[84,40414,106],{"class":98},[84,40416,99],{"class":98},[84,40418,103],{"class":102},[84,40420,106],{"class":98},[84,40422,109],{"class":102},[84,40424,106],{"class":98},[84,40426,114],{"class":102},[84,40428,106],{"class":98},[84,40430,119],{"class":102},[84,40432,3858],{"class":98},[84,40434,40435],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40436,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,40438,40439,40441,40443,40445],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,40440,156],{"class":133},[84,40442,137],{"class":98},[84,40444,166],{"class":146},[84,40446,150],{"class":98},[84,40448,40449,40451,40453,40455],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,40450,156],{"class":133},[84,40452,137],{"class":98},[84,40454,166],{"class":146},[84,40456,150],{"class":98},[995,40458,40460],{"id":40459},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40462,40463],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40465,2155],{},[75,40467,40469],{"className":77,"code":40468,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40470,40471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40472,40473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40474,40468],{"class":4517},[20,40476,40477,40478,7390],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40479,437],{},[20,40481,2211],{},[75,40483,40485],{"className":77,"code":40484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40486,40487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40488,40489,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503,40505,40507,40509,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525,40527,40529,40531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40490,156],{"class":133},[84,40492,137],{"class":98},[84,40494,161],{"class":140},[84,40496,137],{"class":98},[84,40498,38434],{"class":133},[84,40500,137],{"class":98},[84,40502,38491],{"class":614},[84,40504,38494],{"class":624},[84,40506,3743],{"class":98},[84,40508,637],{"class":146},[84,40510,5102],{"class":94},[84,40512,109],{"class":102},[84,40514,106],{"class":98},[84,40516,99],{"class":98},[84,40518,103],{"class":102},[84,40520,106],{"class":98},[84,40522,109],{"class":102},[84,40524,106],{"class":98},[84,40526,114],{"class":102},[84,40528,106],{"class":98},[84,40530,119],{"class":102},[84,40532,38102],{"class":98},[995,40534,38041,40536,9544,40538],{"id":40535},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40537,2761],{},[15,40539,17],{},[30,40541,40542,40547],{},[33,40543,40544,40546],{},[15,40545,2761],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,40548,40549,40551],{},[15,40550,17],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40553,40554,40555,3743],{},"Example of ",[15,40556,2761],{},[75,40558,40560],{"className":77,"code":40559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40561,40562,40586],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40563,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578,40580,40582,40584],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40565,91],{"class":90},[84,40567,95],{"class":94},[84,40569,99],{"class":98},[84,40571,103],{"class":102},[84,40573,106],{"class":98},[84,40575,109],{"class":102},[84,40577,106],{"class":98},[84,40579,114],{"class":102},[84,40581,106],{"class":98},[84,40583,119],{"class":102},[84,40585,122],{"class":98},[84,40587,40588,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40589,156],{"class":133},[84,40591,137],{"class":98},[84,40593,161],{"class":140},[84,40595,137],{"class":98},[84,40597,38434],{"class":133},[84,40599,137],{"class":98},[84,40601,38491],{"class":614},[84,40603,38494],{"class":624},[84,40605,3743],{"class":98},[84,40607,637],{"class":146},[84,40609,5102],{"class":94},[84,40611,109],{"class":102},[84,40613,106],{"class":98},[84,40615,147],{"class":146},[84,40617,3771],{"class":98},[20,40619,172],{},[75,40621,40623],{"className":77,"code":40622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40624,40625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40626,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40628,182],{"class":98},[84,40630,208],{"class":102},[84,40632,106],{"class":98},[84,40634,119],{"class":102},[84,40636,122],{"class":98},[20,40638,40554,40639,3743],{},[15,40640,17],{},[75,40642,40644],{"className":77,"code":40643,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40645,40646,40670],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40647,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664,40666,40668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40649,91],{"class":90},[84,40651,95],{"class":94},[84,40653,99],{"class":98},[84,40655,103],{"class":102},[84,40657,106],{"class":98},[84,40659,109],{"class":102},[84,40661,106],{"class":98},[84,40663,114],{"class":102},[84,40665,106],{"class":98},[84,40667,119],{"class":102},[84,40669,122],{"class":98},[84,40671,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698,40700],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40673,156],{"class":133},[84,40675,137],{"class":98},[84,40677,161],{"class":140},[84,40679,137],{"class":98},[84,40681,277],{"class":133},[84,40683,137],{"class":98},[84,40685,38491],{"class":614},[84,40687,38494],{"class":624},[84,40689,3743],{"class":98},[84,40691,637],{"class":146},[84,40693,640],{"class":94},[84,40695,109],{"class":102},[84,40697,106],{"class":98},[84,40699,147],{"class":146},[84,40701,3771],{"class":98},[20,40703,172],{},[75,40705,40706],{"className":77,"code":716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,40707,40708],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40709,40710,40712,40714,40716,40718,40720,40722,40724,40726],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40711,182],{"class":98},[84,40713,199],{"class":102},[84,40715,106],{"class":98},[84,40717,119],{"class":102},[84,40719,106],{"class":98},[84,40721,733],{"class":102},[84,40723,106],{"class":98},[84,40725,738],{"class":102},[84,40727,122],{"class":98},[20,40729,40730,40731,307],{},"For the related function, see ",[303,40732,13,40734,591],{"href":40733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40735,17],{},[70,40737,2694],{"id":2693},[995,40739,2698,40741,40743],{"id":40740},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40742,2761],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40745,40746,40747,40749],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40748,68],{}," if needed.",[995,40751,40753,40754,40756],{"id":40752},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40755,2761],{}," need to return?",[20,40758,38711,40759,40761,40762,40764],{},[15,40760,4459],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40763,4528],{}," to remove it.",[995,40766,29169,40768,40770],{"id":40767},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40769,2761],{}," without lambda?",[20,40772,40773],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[995,40775,5987,40777,40780],{"id":40776},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40778,40779],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40782,40783,40784,40786,40787,17912,40789,307],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40785,2983],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40788,4630],{},[15,40790,4528],{},[995,40792,22263,40794,40796],{"id":40793},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40795,2761],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40798,40799,40800,40802],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40801,1428],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40804,40805],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,40807,40808,40813,40818],{},[33,40809,2035,40810,40812],{},[15,40811,2761],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,40814,2041,40815,40817],{},[15,40816,1428],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,40819,40820],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40822,40823,40824,307],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[303,40825,5979],{"href":40826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[70,40828,2751],{"id":2750},[30,40830,40831,40836,40840,40845,40851],{},[33,40832,40833],{},[303,40834,40835],{"href":39278},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,40837,40838],{},[303,40839,2773],{"href":40826},[33,40841,40842],{},[303,40843,40844],{"href":40007},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,40846,40847],{},[303,40848,13,40849,591],{"href":40733},[15,40850,17],{},[33,40852,40853],{},[303,40854,2783],{"href":6430},[2785,40856,40857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":40859},[40860,40861,40863,40867,40870,40872,40874,40876,40878,40888,40900],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":38540,"depth":125,"text":40862},"What filter() does",{"id":38674,"depth":125,"text":38675,"children":40864},[40865,40866],{"id":282,"depth":153,"text":282},{"id":249,"depth":153,"text":249},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846,"children":40868},[40869],{"id":39015,"depth":153,"text":39016},{"id":39127,"depth":125,"text":40871},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39282,"depth":125,"text":40873},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39444,"depth":125,"text":40875},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39624,"depth":125,"text":40877},"When to use filter()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":40879},[40880,40882,40884,40885,40886],{"id":40017,"depth":153,"text":40881},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":40149,"depth":153,"text":40883},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40274,"depth":153,"text":40275},{"id":40459,"depth":153,"text":40460},{"id":40535,"depth":153,"text":40887},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":40889},[40890,40892,40894,40896,40898],{"id":40740,"depth":153,"text":40891},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40752,"depth":153,"text":40893},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40767,"depth":153,"text":40895},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40776,"depth":153,"text":40897},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40793,"depth":153,"text":40899},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":38401,"description":40901},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40907,"title":40908,"body":40909,"description":43061,"extension":2830,"meta":43062,"navigation":472,"path":43063,"seo":43064,"stem":43065,"__hash__":43066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40910,"toc":43015},[40911,40914,40919,40925,40927,40979,40981,41000,41005,41009,41014,41017,41032,41035,41057,41059,41108,41110,41134,41136,41138,41153,41158,41166,41181,41183,41192,41195,41230,41234,41239,41243,41250,41285,41287,41303,41307,41310,41351,41353,41367,41371,41374,41398,41400,41409,41413,41416,41449,41451,41464,41468,41474,41493,41495,41503,41507,41512,41516,41522,41545,41547,41576,41579,41598,41602,41605,41632,41634,41668,41672,41675,41699,41703,41714,41716,41721,41727,41729,41813,41815,41857,41860,41864,41871,41880,41936,41943,41952,41957,41961,42032,42034,42043,42047,42050,42094,42096,42105,42109,42115,42165,42169,42174,42178,42202,42204,42213,42217,42241,42243,42254,42258,42282,42284,42293,42296,42313,42319,42323,42329,42332,42337,42340,42361,42363,42395,42398,42403,42405,42416,42418,42462,42466,42473,42525,42527,42536,42540,42543,42636,42639,42663,42667,42670,42762,42767,42771,42778,42783,42807,42809,42818,42823,42846,42848,42856,42863,42886,42894,42896,42909,42919,42921,42925,42932,42936,42945,42949,42956,42960,42964,42968,42980,42982,43012],[10,40912,40908],{"id":40913},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40915,9962,40916,40918],{},[15,40917,3742],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40920,40921,40922,40924],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40923,3742],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[70,40926,73],{"id":72},[75,40928,40930],{"className":77,"code":40929,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40931,40932,40946,40965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40933,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40935,156],{"class":133},[84,40937,137],{"class":98},[84,40939,3052],{"class":140},[84,40941,137],{"class":98},[84,40943,3000],{"class":102},[84,40945,169],{"class":98},[84,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40961,40963],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40949,156],{"class":133},[84,40951,137],{"class":98},[84,40953,3052],{"class":140},[84,40955,137],{"class":98},[84,40957,3711],{"class":185},[84,40959,40960],{"class":189},"3.14",[84,40962,3711],{"class":185},[84,40964,169],{"class":98},[84,40966,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,40968,156],{"class":133},[84,40970,137],{"class":98},[84,40972,3052],{"class":140},[84,40974,137],{"class":98},[84,40976,4459],{"class":4704},[84,40978,169],{"class":98},[20,40980,172],{},[75,40982,40984],{"className":77,"code":40983,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40985,40986,40990,40995],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,40987,40988],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,40989,3336],{"class":102},[84,40991,40992],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,40993,40994],{"class":102},"3.14\n",[84,40996,40997],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,40998,40999],{"class":102},"1.0\n",[20,41001,224,41002,41004],{},[15,41003,3742],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[70,41006,41008],{"id":41007},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,41010,41011,41013],{},[15,41012,3742],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,41015,41016],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,41018,41019,41023,41027],{},[33,41020,41021],{},[15,41022,3347],{},[33,41024,41025],{},[15,41026,40960],{},[33,41028,41029],{},[15,41030,41031],{},"0.5",[20,41033,41034],{},"A few key points:",[30,41036,41037,41044,41047,41050],{},[33,41038,41039,41041,41042],{},[15,41040,3742],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,41043,3052],{},[33,41045,41046],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,41048,41049],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,41051,41052,41053],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[303,41054,41055],{"href":9058},[15,41056,3817],{},[20,41058,814],{},[75,41060,41062],{"className":77,"code":41061,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41063,41064,41084,41094],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41065,41066,41068,41070,41073,41075,41077,41080,41082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41067,3076],{"class":90},[84,41069,95],{"class":94},[84,41071,41072],{"class":140}," float",[84,41074,137],{"class":98},[84,41076,3711],{"class":185},[84,41078,41079],{"class":189},"2.75",[84,41081,3711],{"class":185},[84,41083,150],{"class":98},[84,41085,41086,41088,41090,41092],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41087,156],{"class":133},[84,41089,137],{"class":98},[84,41091,3098],{"class":146},[84,41093,150],{"class":98},[84,41095,41096,41098,41100,41102,41104,41106],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,41097,156],{"class":133},[84,41099,137],{"class":98},[84,41101,2624],{"class":140},[84,41103,137],{"class":98},[84,41105,3098],{"class":146},[84,41107,169],{"class":98},[20,41109,172],{},[75,41111,41113],{"className":77,"code":41112,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41114,41115,41120],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41116,41117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41118,41119],{"class":102},"2.75\n",[84,41121,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130,41132],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41123,1251],{"class":94},[84,41125,4152],{"class":614},[84,41127,196],{"class":185},[84,41129,3052],{"class":189},[84,41131,186],{"class":185},[84,41133,1270],{"class":94},[70,41135,311],{"id":310},[20,41137,8057],{},[75,41139,41141],{"className":77,"code":41140,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"float(value)\n",[15,41142,41143],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41144,41145,41147,41149,41151],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41146,3052],{"class":140},[84,41148,137],{"class":98},[84,41150,3329],{"class":146},[84,41152,150],{"class":98},[20,41154,41155,41156,307],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,41157,3742],{},[20,41159,41160,41161,41163,41164,3743],{},"If you call ",[15,41162,3742],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,41165,4620],{},[75,41167,41169],{"className":77,"code":41168,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float())\n",[15,41170,41171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41172,41173,41175,41177,41179],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41174,156],{"class":133},[84,41176,137],{"class":98},[84,41178,3052],{"class":140},[84,41180,8033],{"class":98},[20,41182,172],{},[75,41184,41186],{"className":77,"code":41185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0.0\n",[15,41187,41188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41189,41190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41191,41185],{"class":102},[20,41193,41194],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[75,41196,41198],{"className":77,"code":41197,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,41199,41200,41220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41201,41202,41205,41207,41209,41211,41213,41216,41218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41203,41204],{"class":90},"price ",[84,41206,95],{"class":94},[84,41208,41072],{"class":140},[84,41210,137],{"class":98},[84,41212,3711],{"class":185},[84,41214,41215],{"class":189},"19.99",[84,41217,3711],{"class":185},[84,41219,150],{"class":98},[84,41221,41222,41224,41226,41228],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41223,156],{"class":133},[84,41225,137],{"class":98},[84,41227,25989],{"class":146},[84,41229,150],{"class":98},[70,41231,41233],{"id":41232},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,41235,41236,41238],{},[15,41237,3742],{}," can convert several common value types.",[995,41240,41242],{"id":41241},"integers","Integers",[20,41244,41245,41246,41249],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,41247,41248],{},".0"," added:",[75,41251,41253],{"className":77,"code":41252,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,41254,41255,41269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41256,41257,41259,41261,41263,41265,41267],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41258,156],{"class":133},[84,41260,137],{"class":98},[84,41262,3052],{"class":140},[84,41264,137],{"class":98},[84,41266,3000],{"class":102},[84,41268,169],{"class":98},[84,41270,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41272,156],{"class":133},[84,41274,137],{"class":98},[84,41276,3052],{"class":140},[84,41278,137],{"class":98},[84,41280,2888],{"class":94},[84,41282,199],{"class":102},[84,41284,169],{"class":98},[20,41286,172],{},[75,41288,41290],{"className":77,"code":41289,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,41291,41292,41296],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41293,41294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41295,3336],{"class":102},[84,41297,41298,41300],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41299,2888],{"class":94},[84,41301,41302],{"class":102},"2.0\n",[995,41304,41306],{"id":41305},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41308,41309],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[75,41311,41313],{"className":77,"code":41312,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41314,41315,41333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41316,41317,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41318,156],{"class":133},[84,41320,137],{"class":98},[84,41322,3052],{"class":140},[84,41324,137],{"class":98},[84,41326,3711],{"class":185},[84,41328,40960],{"class":189},[84,41330,3711],{"class":185},[84,41332,169],{"class":98},[84,41334,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41336,156],{"class":133},[84,41338,137],{"class":98},[84,41340,3052],{"class":140},[84,41342,137],{"class":98},[84,41344,3711],{"class":185},[84,41346,437],{"class":189},[84,41348,3711],{"class":185},[84,41350,169],{"class":98},[20,41352,172],{},[75,41354,41356],{"className":77,"code":41355,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41357,41358,41362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41359,41360],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41361,40994],{"class":102},[84,41363,41364],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41365,41366],{"class":102},"10.0\n",[995,41368,41370],{"id":41369},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41372,41373],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[75,41375,41377],{"className":77,"code":41376,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41378,41379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41380,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391,41394,41396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41382,156],{"class":133},[84,41384,137],{"class":98},[84,41386,3052],{"class":140},[84,41388,137],{"class":98},[84,41390,3711],{"class":185},[84,41392,41393],{"class":189},"  8.5  ",[84,41395,3711],{"class":185},[84,41397,169],{"class":98},[20,41399,172],{},[75,41401,41403],{"className":77,"code":41402,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8.5\n",[15,41404,41405],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41406,41407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41408,41402],{"class":102},[995,41410,41412],{"id":41411},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41414,41415],{},"Boolean values also work:",[75,41417,41419],{"className":77,"code":41418,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41420,41421,41435],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41422,41423,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41424,156],{"class":133},[84,41426,137],{"class":98},[84,41428,3052],{"class":140},[84,41430,137],{"class":98},[84,41432,4459],{"class":4704},[84,41434,169],{"class":98},[84,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41438,156],{"class":133},[84,41440,137],{"class":98},[84,41442,3052],{"class":140},[84,41444,137],{"class":98},[84,41446,4528],{"class":4704},[84,41448,169],{"class":98},[20,41450,172],{},[75,41452,41454],{"className":77,"code":41453,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41455,41456,41460],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41457,41458],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41459,40999],{"class":102},[84,41461,41462],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41463,41185],{"class":102},[995,41465,41467],{"id":41466},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41469,41470,41471,41473],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41472,3742],{}," returns a float version of it:",[75,41475,41477],{"className":77,"code":41476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41478,41479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41480,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41482,156],{"class":133},[84,41484,137],{"class":98},[84,41486,3052],{"class":140},[84,41488,137],{"class":98},[84,41490,3219],{"class":102},[84,41492,169],{"class":98},[20,41494,172],{},[75,41496,41497],{"className":77,"code":3243,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,41498,41499],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41500,41501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41502,3243],{"class":102},[70,41504,41506],{"id":41505},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41508,41509,41510,307],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41511,3742],{},[995,41513,41515],{"id":41514},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41517,41518,41519,3743],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41520,41521],{},"ValueError",[75,41523,41525],{"className":77,"code":41524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41526,41527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41528,41529,41531,41533,41535,41537,41539,41541,41543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41530,156],{"class":133},[84,41532,137],{"class":98},[84,41534,3052],{"class":140},[84,41536,137],{"class":98},[84,41538,3711],{"class":185},[84,41540,4697],{"class":189},[84,41542,3711],{"class":185},[84,41544,169],{"class":98},[20,41546,30522],{},[75,41548,41550],{"className":77,"code":41549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41551,41552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41553,41554,41556,41558,41561,41563,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41555,41521],{"class":140},[84,41557,3743],{"class":98},[84,41559,41560],{"class":90}," could ",[84,41562,55],{"class":94},[84,41564,41565],{"class":90}," convert string to ",[84,41567,3052],{"class":140},[84,41569,3743],{"class":98},[84,41571,196],{"class":185},[84,41573,4697],{"class":189},[84,41575,30541],{"class":185},[20,41577,41578],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[75,41580,41582],{"className":77,"code":41581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41583,41584],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41585,41586,41588,41590,41592,41594,41596],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41587,156],{"class":133},[84,41589,137],{"class":98},[84,41591,3052],{"class":140},[84,41593,137],{"class":98},[84,41595,7114],{"class":185},[84,41597,169],{"class":98},[995,41599,41601],{"id":41600},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41603,41604],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[75,41606,41608],{"className":77,"code":41607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41609,41610],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41622,41624,41626,41628,41630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41613,156],{"class":133},[84,41615,137],{"class":98},[84,41617,3052],{"class":140},[84,41619,3845],{"class":98},[84,41621,103],{"class":102},[84,41623,106],{"class":98},[84,41625,109],{"class":102},[84,41627,106],{"class":98},[84,41629,114],{"class":102},[84,41631,3858],{"class":98},[20,41633,30522],{},[75,41635,41637],{"className":77,"code":41636,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41638,41639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41640,41641,41643,41645,41647,41649,41652,41655,41658,41660,41662,41664,41666],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41642,3864],{"class":140},[84,41644,3743],{"class":98},[84,41646,41072],{"class":140},[84,41648,8205],{"class":98},[84,41650,41651],{"class":90}," argument must be a string ",[84,41653,41654],{"class":94},"or",[84,41656,41657],{"class":90}," a real number",[84,41659,106],{"class":98},[84,41661,8938],{"class":94},[84,41663,196],{"class":185},[84,41665,161],{"class":189},[84,41667,30541],{"class":185},[995,41669,41671],{"id":41670},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41673,41674],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[75,41676,41678],{"className":77,"code":41677,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41679,41680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41681,41682,41684,41686,41688,41690,41692,41695,41697],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41683,156],{"class":133},[84,41685,137],{"class":98},[84,41687,3052],{"class":140},[84,41689,137],{"class":98},[84,41691,3711],{"class":185},[84,41693,41694],{"class":189},"3,14",[84,41696,3711],{"class":185},[84,41698,169],{"class":98},[20,41700,3861,41701,307],{},[15,41702,41521],{},[20,41704,41705,41706,5241,41710,307],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[303,41707,41709],{"href":41708},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[303,41711,41713],{"href":41712},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[70,41715,18259],{"id":18258},[20,41717,41718,41720],{},[15,41719,3742],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41722,41723,41724,41726],{},"It does ",[53,41725,55],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41728,814],{},[75,41730,41732],{"className":77,"code":41731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41733,41734,41747,41761,41765,41775,41785,41799],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41735,41736,41738,41740,41742,41745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41737,35526],{"class":90},[84,41739,95],{"class":94},[84,41741,4211],{"class":185},[84,41743,41744],{"class":189},"6.5",[84,41746,4217],{"class":185},[84,41748,41749,41751,41753,41755,41757,41759],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41750,3076],{"class":90},[84,41752,95],{"class":94},[84,41754,41072],{"class":140},[84,41756,137],{"class":98},[84,41758,35547],{"class":146},[84,41760,150],{"class":98},[84,41762,41763],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,41764,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,41766,41767,41769,41771,41773],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,41768,156],{"class":133},[84,41770,137],{"class":98},[84,41772,35547],{"class":146},[84,41774,150],{"class":98},[84,41776,41777,41779,41781,41783],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,41778,156],{"class":133},[84,41780,137],{"class":98},[84,41782,3098],{"class":146},[84,41784,150],{"class":98},[84,41786,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,41788,156],{"class":133},[84,41790,137],{"class":98},[84,41792,2624],{"class":140},[84,41794,137],{"class":98},[84,41796,35547],{"class":146},[84,41798,169],{"class":98},[84,41800,41801,41803,41805,41807,41809,41811],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,41802,156],{"class":133},[84,41804,137],{"class":98},[84,41806,2624],{"class":140},[84,41808,137],{"class":98},[84,41810,3098],{"class":146},[84,41812,169],{"class":98},[20,41814,172],{},[75,41816,41818],{"className":77,"code":41817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41819,41820,41825,41829,41843],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41821,41822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41823,41824],{"class":102},"6.5\n",[84,41826,41827],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41828,41824],{"class":102},[84,41830,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839,41841],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,41832,1251],{"class":94},[84,41834,4152],{"class":614},[84,41836,196],{"class":185},[84,41838,141],{"class":189},[84,41840,186],{"class":185},[84,41842,1270],{"class":94},[84,41844,41845,41847,41849,41851,41853,41855],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,41846,1251],{"class":94},[84,41848,4152],{"class":614},[84,41850,196],{"class":185},[84,41852,3052],{"class":189},[84,41854,186],{"class":185},[84,41856,1270],{"class":94},[20,41858,41859],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[70,41861,41863],{"id":41862},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[995,41865,41867,41868,41870],{"id":41866},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41869,3817],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41872,2847,41873,41877,41878,307],{},[303,41874,41875,3161],{"href":9058},[15,41876,3817],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41879,3742],{},[75,41881,41883],{"className":77,"code":41882,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41884,41885,41904,41918,41922],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41886,41887,41889,41891,41893,41895,41897,41900,41902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41888,9076],{"class":90},[84,41890,95],{"class":94},[84,41892,9081],{"class":133},[84,41894,137],{"class":98},[84,41896,3711],{"class":185},[84,41898,41899],{"class":189},"Enter a price: ",[84,41901,3711],{"class":185},[84,41903,150],{"class":98},[84,41905,41906,41908,41910,41912,41914,41916],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41907,41204],{"class":90},[84,41909,95],{"class":94},[84,41911,41072],{"class":140},[84,41913,137],{"class":98},[84,41915,9105],{"class":146},[84,41917,150],{"class":98},[84,41919,41920],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,41921,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,41925,156],{"class":133},[84,41927,137],{"class":98},[84,41929,41204],{"class":146},[84,41931,640],{"class":94},[84,41933,109],{"class":102},[84,41935,150],{"class":98},[20,41937,41938,41939,41942],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41940,41941],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[75,41944,41946],{"className":77,"code":41945,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"9.0\n",[15,41947,41948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41949,41950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41951,41945],{"class":102},[20,41953,41954,41955,307],{},"For more help with this, see ",[303,41956,9820],{"href":9819},[995,41958,41960],{"id":41959},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[75,41962,41964],{"className":77,"code":41963,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41965,41966,41979,41992,41996,42021],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,41967,41968,41970,41972,41974,41977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,41969,3410],{"class":90},[84,41971,95],{"class":94},[84,41973,4211],{"class":185},[84,41975,41976],{"class":189},"2.5",[84,41978,4217],{"class":185},[84,41980,41981,41983,41985,41987,41990],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,41982,3437],{"class":90},[84,41984,95],{"class":94},[84,41986,4211],{"class":185},[84,41988,41989],{"class":189},"1.5",[84,41991,4217],{"class":185},[84,41993,41994],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,41995,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,41997,41998,42001,42003,42005,42007,42009,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,41999,42000],{"class":90},"total ",[84,42002,95],{"class":94},[84,42004,41072],{"class":140},[84,42006,137],{"class":98},[84,42008,303],{"class":146},[84,42010,1970],{"class":98},[84,42012,3311],{"class":94},[84,42014,41072],{"class":140},[84,42016,137],{"class":98},[84,42018,5608],{"class":146},[84,42020,150],{"class":98},[84,42022,42023,42025,42027,42030],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,42024,156],{"class":133},[84,42026,137],{"class":98},[84,42028,42029],{"class":146},"total",[84,42031,150],{"class":98},[20,42033,172],{},[75,42035,42037],{"className":77,"code":42036,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4.0\n",[15,42038,42039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42040,42041],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42042,42036],{"class":102},[995,42044,42046],{"id":42045},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,42048,42049],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[75,42051,42053],{"className":77,"code":42052,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,42054,42055,42065,42080,42084],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42056,42057,42060,42062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42058,42059],{"class":90},"count ",[84,42061,95],{"class":94},[84,42063,42064],{"class":102}," 7\n",[84,42066,42067,42069,42071,42073,42075,42078],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42068,128],{"class":90},[84,42070,95],{"class":94},[84,42072,41072],{"class":140},[84,42074,137],{"class":98},[84,42076,42077],{"class":146},"count",[84,42079,150],{"class":98},[84,42081,42082],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,42083,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42085,42086,42088,42090,42092],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,42087,156],{"class":133},[84,42089,137],{"class":98},[84,42091,166],{"class":146},[84,42093,150],{"class":98},[20,42095,172],{},[75,42097,42099],{"className":77,"code":42098,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.0\n",[15,42100,42101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42102,42103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42104,42098],{"class":102},[995,42106,42108],{"id":42107},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,42110,42111,42112,42114],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,42113,3742],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[75,42116,42118],{"className":77,"code":42117,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,42119,42120,42134,42150,42154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42121,42122,42125,42127,42129,42132],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42123,42124],{"class":90},"temperature_text ",[84,42126,95],{"class":94},[84,42128,4211],{"class":185},[84,42130,42131],{"class":189},"21.8",[84,42133,4217],{"class":185},[84,42135,42136,42139,42141,42143,42145,42148],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42137,42138],{"class":90},"temperature ",[84,42140,95],{"class":94},[84,42142,41072],{"class":140},[84,42144,137],{"class":98},[84,42146,42147],{"class":146},"temperature_text",[84,42149,150],{"class":98},[84,42151,42152],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,42153,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42155,42156,42158,42160,42163],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,42157,156],{"class":133},[84,42159,137],{"class":98},[84,42161,42162],{"class":146},"temperature",[84,42164,150],{"class":98},[70,42166,42168],{"id":42167},"special-values","Special values",[20,42170,42171,42173],{},[15,42172,3742],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[995,42175,42177],{"id":42176},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[75,42179,42181],{"className":77,"code":42180,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,42182,42183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42184,42185,42187,42189,42191,42193,42195,42198,42200],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42186,156],{"class":133},[84,42188,137],{"class":98},[84,42190,3052],{"class":140},[84,42192,137],{"class":98},[84,42194,3711],{"class":185},[84,42196,42197],{"class":189},"inf",[84,42199,3711],{"class":185},[84,42201,169],{"class":98},[20,42203,172],{},[75,42205,42207],{"className":77,"code":42206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"inf\n",[15,42208,42209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42210,42211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42212,42206],{"class":90},[995,42214,42216],{"id":42215},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[75,42218,42220],{"className":77,"code":42219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,42221,42222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42223,42224,42226,42228,42230,42232,42234,42237,42239],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42225,156],{"class":133},[84,42227,137],{"class":98},[84,42229,3052],{"class":140},[84,42231,137],{"class":98},[84,42233,3711],{"class":185},[84,42235,42236],{"class":189},"-inf",[84,42238,3711],{"class":185},[84,42240,169],{"class":98},[20,42242,172],{},[75,42244,42246],{"className":77,"code":42245,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"-inf\n",[15,42247,42248],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42249,42250,42252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42251,2888],{"class":94},[84,42253,42206],{"class":90},[995,42255,42257],{"id":42256},"not-a-number","Not a number",[75,42259,42261],{"className":77,"code":42260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,42262,42263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42264,42265,42267,42269,42271,42273,42275,42278,42280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42266,156],{"class":133},[84,42268,137],{"class":98},[84,42270,3052],{"class":140},[84,42272,137],{"class":98},[84,42274,3711],{"class":185},[84,42276,42277],{"class":189},"nan",[84,42279,3711],{"class":185},[84,42281,169],{"class":98},[20,42283,172],{},[75,42285,42287],{"className":77,"code":42286,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nan\n",[15,42288,42289],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42290,42291],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42292,42286],{"class":90},[20,42294,42295],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,42297,42298,42303,42308],{},[33,42299,42300,42302],{},[15,42301,42197],{}," means positive infinity",[33,42304,42305,42307],{},[15,42306,42236],{}," means negative infinity",[33,42309,42310,42312],{},[15,42311,42277],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42314,42315,42316,42318],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42317,3742],{}," accepts them.",[70,42320,42322],{"id":42321},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42324,42325,42326,42328],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42327,3742],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[995,42330,41521],{"id":42331},"valueerror",[20,42333,16032,42334,42336],{},[15,42335,41521],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42338,42339],{},"Common causes:",[30,42341,42342,42348,42351,42354],{},[33,42343,42344,42345],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42346,42347],{},"\"abc\"",[33,42349,42350],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,42352,42353],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,42355,5551,42356],{},[303,42357,42358,42360],{"href":9058},[15,42359,3817],{}," returns a string",[20,42362,814],{},[75,42364,42366],{"className":77,"code":42365,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42367,42368,42381],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376,42379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42371,3304],{"class":90},[84,42373,95],{"class":94},[84,42375,4211],{"class":185},[84,42377,42378],{"class":189},"abc",[84,42380,4217],{"class":185},[84,42382,42383,42385,42387,42389,42391,42393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42384,156],{"class":133},[84,42386,137],{"class":98},[84,42388,3052],{"class":140},[84,42390,137],{"class":98},[84,42392,3329],{"class":146},[84,42394,169],{"class":98},[995,42396,3864],{"id":42397},"typeerror",[20,42399,16032,42400,42402],{},[15,42401,3864],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42404,42339],{},[30,42406,42407,42410,42413],{},[33,42408,42409],{},"Passing a list",[33,42411,42412],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,42414,42415],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42417,814],{},[75,42419,42421],{"className":77,"code":42420,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42422,42423,42448],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42424,42425,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435,42437,42439,42441,42444,42446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42426,3304],{"class":90},[84,42428,95],{"class":94},[84,42430,11332],{"class":98},[84,42432,3711],{"class":185},[84,42434,25989],{"class":189},[84,42436,3711],{"class":185},[84,42438,3743],{"class":98},[84,42440,4211],{"class":185},[84,42442,42443],{"class":189},"9.99",[84,42445,3711],{"class":185},[84,42447,10149],{"class":98},[84,42449,42450,42452,42454,42456,42458,42460],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42451,156],{"class":133},[84,42453,137],{"class":98},[84,42455,3052],{"class":140},[84,42457,137],{"class":98},[84,42459,3329],{"class":146},[84,42461,169],{"class":98},[995,42463,42465],{"id":42464},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42467,42468,42469,42472],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42470,42471],{},"strip()"," can help:",[75,42474,42476],{"className":77,"code":42475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42477,42478,42491,42506,42510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42479,42480,42482,42484,42486,42489],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42481,3304],{"class":90},[84,42483,95],{"class":94},[84,42485,4211],{"class":185},[84,42487,42488],{"class":189},"  7.25  ",[84,42490,4217],{"class":185},[84,42492,42493,42496,42498,42500,42502,42504],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42494,42495],{"class":90},"clean_value ",[84,42497,95],{"class":94},[84,42499,9271],{"class":90},[84,42501,307],{"class":98},[84,42503,9473],{"class":146},[84,42505,9482],{"class":98},[84,42507,42508],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,42509,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42511,42512,42514,42516,42518,42520,42523],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,42513,156],{"class":133},[84,42515,137],{"class":98},[84,42517,3052],{"class":140},[84,42519,137],{"class":98},[84,42521,42522],{"class":146},"clean_value",[84,42524,169],{"class":98},[20,42526,172],{},[75,42528,42530],{"className":77,"code":42529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.25\n",[15,42531,42532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42533,42534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42535,42529],{"class":102},[995,42537,42539],{"id":42538},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42541,42542],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[75,42544,42546],{"className":77,"code":42545,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42547,42548,42561,42565,42575,42589,42604,42608,42622],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42549,42550,42552,42554,42556,42559],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42551,3304],{"class":90},[84,42553,95],{"class":94},[84,42555,4211],{"class":185},[84,42557,42558],{"class":189}," 3.5 ",[84,42560,4217],{"class":185},[84,42562,42563],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42564,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42566,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,42568,156],{"class":133},[84,42570,137],{"class":98},[84,42572,3329],{"class":146},[84,42574,150],{"class":98},[84,42576,42577,42579,42581,42583,42585,42587],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,42578,156],{"class":133},[84,42580,137],{"class":98},[84,42582,2624],{"class":140},[84,42584,137],{"class":98},[84,42586,3329],{"class":146},[84,42588,169],{"class":98},[84,42590,42591,42593,42595,42598,42600,42602],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,42592,156],{"class":133},[84,42594,137],{"class":98},[84,42596,42597],{"class":133},"repr",[84,42599,137],{"class":98},[84,42601,3329],{"class":146},[84,42603,169],{"class":98},[84,42605,42606],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,42607,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616,42618,42620],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,42611,42495],{"class":90},[84,42613,95],{"class":94},[84,42615,9271],{"class":90},[84,42617,307],{"class":98},[84,42619,9473],{"class":146},[84,42621,9482],{"class":98},[84,42623,42624,42626,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,42625,156],{"class":133},[84,42627,137],{"class":98},[84,42629,3052],{"class":140},[84,42631,137],{"class":98},[84,42633,42522],{"class":146},[84,42635,169],{"class":98},[20,42637,42638],{},"Why this helps:",[30,42640,42641,42647,42652,42658],{},[33,42642,42643,42646],{},[15,42644,42645],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,42648,42649,22210],{},[15,42650,42651],{},"print(type(value))",[33,42653,42654,42657],{},[15,42655,42656],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,42659,42660,42662],{},[15,42661,42471],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[995,42664,42666],{"id":42665},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42668,42669],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[75,42671,42673],{"className":77,"code":42672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42674,42675,42694,42698,42704,42719,42738,42747],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42676,42677,42679,42681,42683,42685,42687,42690,42692],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42678,3304],{"class":90},[84,42680,95],{"class":94},[84,42682,9081],{"class":133},[84,42684,137],{"class":98},[84,42686,3711],{"class":185},[84,42688,42689],{"class":189},"Enter a number: ",[84,42691,3711],{"class":185},[84,42693,150],{"class":98},[84,42695,42696],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,42697,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,42699,42700,42702],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,42701,30645],{"class":633},[84,42703,1440],{"class":98},[84,42705,42706,42709,42711,42713,42715,42717],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,42707,42708],{"class":90},"    number ",[84,42710,95],{"class":94},[84,42712,41072],{"class":140},[84,42714,137],{"class":98},[84,42716,3329],{"class":146},[84,42718,150],{"class":98},[84,42720,42721,42723,42725,42727,42730,42732,42734,42736],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,42722,1445],{"class":133},[84,42724,137],{"class":98},[84,42726,3711],{"class":185},[84,42728,42729],{"class":189},"Converted:",[84,42731,3711],{"class":185},[84,42733,106],{"class":98},[84,42735,3056],{"class":146},[84,42737,150],{"class":98},[84,42739,42740,42742,42745],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,42741,30676],{"class":633},[84,42743,42744],{"class":140}," ValueError",[84,42746,1440],{"class":98},[84,42748,42749,42751,42753,42755,42758,42760],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,42750,1445],{"class":133},[84,42752,137],{"class":98},[84,42754,3711],{"class":185},[84,42756,42757],{"class":189},"That is not a valid number.",[84,42759,3711],{"class":185},[84,42761,150],{"class":98},[20,42763,42764,42765,307],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[303,42766,41713],{"href":41712},[70,42768,42770],{"id":42769},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42772,11432,42773,5241,42775,42777],{},[15,42774,3742],{},[15,42776,3735],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42779,42780,42782],{},[15,42781,3742],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[75,42784,42786],{"className":77,"code":42785,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42787,42788],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42789,42790,42792,42794,42796,42798,42800,42803,42805],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42791,156],{"class":133},[84,42793,137],{"class":98},[84,42795,3052],{"class":140},[84,42797,137],{"class":98},[84,42799,3711],{"class":185},[84,42801,42802],{"class":189},"3.9",[84,42804,3711],{"class":185},[84,42806,169],{"class":98},[20,42808,172],{},[75,42810,42812],{"className":77,"code":42811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.9\n",[15,42813,42814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42815,42816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42817,42811],{"class":102},[20,42819,42820,42822],{},[15,42821,3735],{}," creates whole numbers:",[75,42824,42826],{"className":77,"code":42825,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42827,42828],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42829,42830,42832,42834,42836,42838,42840,42842,42844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42831,156],{"class":133},[84,42833,137],{"class":98},[84,42835,365],{"class":140},[84,42837,137],{"class":98},[84,42839,3711],{"class":185},[84,42841,437],{"class":189},[84,42843,3711],{"class":185},[84,42845,169],{"class":98},[20,42847,172],{},[75,42849,42850],{"className":77,"code":3233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,42851,42852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42853,42854],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42855,3233],{"class":102},[20,42857,42858,42859,42862],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42860,42861],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[75,42864,42866],{"className":77,"code":42865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42867,42868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,42869,42870,42872,42874,42876,42878,42880,42882,42884],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,42871,156],{"class":133},[84,42873,137],{"class":98},[84,42875,365],{"class":140},[84,42877,137],{"class":98},[84,42879,3711],{"class":185},[84,42881,42802],{"class":189},[84,42883,3711],{"class":185},[84,42885,169],{"class":98},[20,42887,3861,42888,9440,42890,42893],{},[15,42889,41521],{},[15,42891,42892],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42895,11555],{},[30,42897,42898,42904],{},[33,42899,42900,42903],{},[15,42901,42902],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42905,42906,42908],{},[15,42907,42861],{}," fails",[20,42910,42911,42912,42915,42916,42918],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[303,42913,42914],{"href":3732},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[303,42917,3277],{"href":3276}," helpful.",[70,42920,2694],{"id":2693},[995,42922,42924],{"id":42923},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42926,42927,42928,3736,42930,307],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42929,3347],{},[15,42931,40960],{},[995,42933,42935],{"id":42934},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42937,42938,42939,3736,42942,307],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42940,42941],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42943,42944],{},"\"10\"",[995,42946,42948],{"id":42947},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42950,29902,42951,42953,42954,307],{},[15,42952,42347],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42955,41521],{},[995,42957,42959],{"id":42958},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42961,5993,42962,307],{},[15,42963,4620],{},[995,42965,42967],{"id":42966},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42969,42970,42971,551,42973,5241,42976,551,42978,307],{},"Yes. ",[15,42972,4459],{},[15,42974,42975],{},"1.0",[15,42977,4528],{},[15,42979,4620],{},[70,42981,2751],{"id":2750},[30,42983,42984,42988,42994,42999,43003,43007],{},[33,42985,42986],{},[303,42987,42914],{"href":3732},[33,42989,42990],{},[303,42991,42993],{"href":42992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42995,42996],{},[303,42997,42998],{"href":41708},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,43000,43001],{},[303,43002,9897],{"href":9819},[33,43004,43005],{},[303,43006,41713],{"href":41712},[33,43008,43009],{},[303,43010,43011],{"href":9058},"Python input() Function Explained",[2785,43013,43014],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":43016},[43017,43018,43019,43020,43027,43032,43033,43040,43045,43052,43053,43060],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":41007,"depth":125,"text":41008},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":41232,"depth":125,"text":41233,"children":43021},[43022,43023,43024,43025,43026],{"id":41241,"depth":153,"text":41242},{"id":41305,"depth":153,"text":41306},{"id":41369,"depth":153,"text":41370},{"id":41411,"depth":153,"text":41412},{"id":41466,"depth":153,"text":41467},{"id":41505,"depth":125,"text":41506,"children":43028},[43029,43030,43031],{"id":41514,"depth":153,"text":41515},{"id":41600,"depth":153,"text":41601},{"id":41670,"depth":153,"text":41671},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":41862,"depth":125,"text":41863,"children":43034},[43035,43037,43038,43039],{"id":41866,"depth":153,"text":43036},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41959,"depth":153,"text":41960},{"id":42045,"depth":153,"text":42046},{"id":42107,"depth":153,"text":42108},{"id":42167,"depth":125,"text":42168,"children":43041},[43042,43043,43044],{"id":42176,"depth":153,"text":42177},{"id":42215,"depth":153,"text":42216},{"id":42256,"depth":153,"text":42257},{"id":42321,"depth":125,"text":42322,"children":43046},[43047,43048,43049,43050,43051],{"id":42331,"depth":153,"text":41521},{"id":42397,"depth":153,"text":3864},{"id":42464,"depth":153,"text":42465},{"id":42538,"depth":153,"text":42539},{"id":42665,"depth":153,"text":42666},{"id":42769,"depth":125,"text":42770},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":43054},[43055,43056,43057,43058,43059],{"id":42923,"depth":153,"text":42924},{"id":42934,"depth":153,"text":42935},{"id":42947,"depth":153,"text":42948},{"id":42958,"depth":153,"text":42959},{"id":42966,"depth":153,"text":42967},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40908,"description":43061},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":43068,"title":43069,"body":43070,"description":44291,"extension":2830,"meta":44292,"navigation":472,"path":35860,"seo":44293,"stem":44294,"__hash__":44295},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43071,"toc":44257},[43072,43075,43080,43083,43085,43124,43138,43142,43147,43150,43167,43170,43180,43195,43198,43200,43203,43219,43222,43225,43245,43249,43260,43263,43267,43271,43285,43320,43324,43335,43370,43373,43375,43383,43416,43432,43434,43444,43465,43476,43478,43483,43486,43500,43502,43521,43524,43537,43540,43544,43548,43562,43565,43583,43586,43601,43605,43610,43624,43630,43632,43689,43691,43724,43727,43743,43747,43754,43758,43763,43766,43777,43781,43786,43801,43810,43815,43834,43837,43849,43851,43856,43866,43869,43898,43903,43912,43916,43921,43924,43928,43933,43935,43965,43968,43975,43980,43985,43989,43992,44000,44003,44081,44084,44106,44108,44112,44115,44119,44125,44188,44192,44200,44204,44207,44209,44234,44254],[10,43073,43069],{"id":43074},"python-help-function-explained",[20,43076,22,43077,43079],{},[15,43078,35863],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,43081,43082],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[70,43084,73],{"id":72},[75,43086,43088],{"className":77,"code":43087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,43089,43090,43100,43110],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43091,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43093,32994],{"class":133},[84,43095,137],{"class":98},[84,43097,12005],{"class":133},[84,43099,150],{"class":98},[84,43101,43102,43104,43106,43108],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43103,32994],{"class":133},[84,43105,137],{"class":98},[84,43107,141],{"class":140},[84,43109,150],{"class":98},[84,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118,43120,43122],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,43113,32994],{"class":133},[84,43115,137],{"class":98},[84,43117,186],{"class":185},[84,43119,35497],{"class":189},[84,43121,186],{"class":185},[84,43123,150],{"class":98},[20,43125,224,43126,43128,43129,3736,43131,43133,43134,43137],{},[15,43127,35863],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,43130,12005],{},[15,43132,141],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,43135,43136],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[70,43139,43141],{"id":43140},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,43143,43144,43146],{},[15,43145,35863],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,43148,43149],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,43151,43152,43155,43158,43161,43164],{},[33,43153,43154],{},"Functions",[33,43156,43157],{},"Classes",[33,43159,43160],{},"Methods",[33,43162,43163],{},"Modules",[33,43165,43166],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,43168,43169],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,43171,43172,43173,43179],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[303,43174,43176],{"href":43175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,43177,43178],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[75,43181,43183],{"className":77,"code":43182,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\n",[15,43184,43185],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43186,43187,43189,43191,43193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43188,32994],{"class":133},[84,43190,137],{"class":98},[84,43192,12005],{"class":133},[84,43194,150],{"class":98},[20,43196,43197],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[70,43199,311],{"id":310},[20,43201,43202],{},"The main form is:",[75,43204,43206],{"className":77,"code":43205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(object)\n",[15,43207,43208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43209,43210,43212,43214,43217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43211,32994],{"class":133},[84,43213,137],{"class":98},[84,43215,43216],{"class":140},"object",[84,43218,150],{"class":98},[20,43220,43221],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,43223,43224],{},"Common examples include:",[30,43226,43227,43231,43236,43240],{},[33,43228,43229],{},[15,43230,12005],{},[33,43232,43233],{},[15,43234,43235],{},"list.append",[33,43237,43238],{},[15,43239,141],{},[33,43241,43242],{},[15,43243,43244],{},"open",[20,43246,8014,43247,8017],{},[15,43248,35863],{},[75,43250,43252],{"className":77,"code":43251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help()\n",[15,43253,43254],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43255,43256,43258],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43257,32994],{"class":133},[84,43259,9482],{"class":98},[20,43261,43262],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[70,43264,43266],{"id":43265},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[995,43268,43270],{"id":43269},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,43272,43273,43274,362,43276,362,43278,17912,43281,307],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,43275,12005],{},[15,43277,156],{},[15,43279,43280],{},"input",[303,43282,43283],{"href":3157},[15,43284,3160],{},[75,43286,43288],{"className":77,"code":43287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,43289,43290,43300,43310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43293,32994],{"class":133},[84,43295,137],{"class":98},[84,43297,156],{"class":133},[84,43299,150],{"class":98},[84,43301,43302,43304,43306,43308],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43303,32994],{"class":133},[84,43305,137],{"class":98},[84,43307,43280],{"class":133},[84,43309,150],{"class":98},[84,43311,43312,43314,43316,43318],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,43313,32994],{"class":133},[84,43315,137],{"class":98},[84,43317,2624],{"class":140},[84,43319,150],{"class":98},[995,43321,43323],{"id":43322},"data-types","Data types",[20,43325,43326,43327,362,43329,362,43331,17912,43333,307],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43328,141],{},[15,43330,161],{},[15,43332,9661],{},[15,43334,7129],{},[75,43336,43338],{"className":77,"code":43337,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43339,43340,43350,43360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43341,43342,43344,43346,43348],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43343,32994],{"class":133},[84,43345,137],{"class":98},[84,43347,141],{"class":140},[84,43349,150],{"class":98},[84,43351,43352,43354,43356,43358],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43353,32994],{"class":133},[84,43355,137],{"class":98},[84,43357,161],{"class":140},[84,43359,150],{"class":98},[84,43361,43362,43364,43366,43368],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,43363,32994],{"class":133},[84,43365,137],{"class":98},[84,43367,9661],{"class":140},[84,43369,150],{"class":98},[20,43371,43372],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[995,43374,43160],{"id":35344},[20,43376,43377,43378,5241,43381,307],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43379,43380],{},"str.split",[15,43382,43235],{},[75,43384,43386],{"className":77,"code":43385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43387,43388,43402],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43389,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43391,32994],{"class":133},[84,43393,137],{"class":98},[84,43395,141],{"class":140},[84,43397,307],{"class":98},[84,43399,35307],{"class":25590},[84,43401,150],{"class":98},[84,43403,43404,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43405,32994],{"class":133},[84,43407,137],{"class":98},[84,43409,161],{"class":140},[84,43411,307],{"class":98},[84,43413,14397],{"class":25590},[84,43415,150],{"class":98},[20,43417,43418,43419,9544,43421,29154,43426,43428,43429,43431],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43420,35863],{},[303,43422,43424],{"href":43423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43425,35150],{},[15,43427,35150],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43430,35863],{}," explains one of them.",[995,43433,43163],{"id":35497},[20,43435,43436,43437,362,43439,17912,43441,307],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43438,19258],{},[15,43440,36026],{},[15,43442,43443],{},"os",[75,43445,43447],{"className":77,"code":43446,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43448,43449,43455],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43450,43451,43453],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43452,35927],{"class":633},[84,43454,35930],{"class":90},[84,43456,43457,43459,43461,43463],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43458,32994],{"class":133},[84,43460,137],{"class":98},[84,43462,19258],{"class":146},[84,43464,150],{"class":98},[20,43466,43467,43468,43472,43473,307],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[303,43469,43471],{"href":43470},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[303,43474,35993],{"href":43475},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[70,43477,35754],{"id":35753},[20,43479,43480,43482],{},[15,43481,35863],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43484,43485],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,43487,43488,43491,43494,43497],{},[33,43489,43490],{},"The function signature",[33,43492,43493],{},"The short description",[33,43495,43496],{},"Parameter names",[33,43498,43499],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43501,6315],{},[75,43503,43505],{"className":77,"code":43504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43506,43507],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43508,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43510,32994],{"class":133},[84,43512,137],{"class":98},[84,43514,141],{"class":140},[84,43516,307],{"class":98},[84,43518,35307],{"class":25590},[84,43520,150],{"class":98},[20,43522,43523],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,43525,43526,43529,43532,43534],{},[33,43527,43528],{},"What object this is",[33,43530,43531],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,43533,22813],{},[33,43535,43536],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43538,43539],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[70,43541,43543],{"id":43542},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43545,43546,30715],{},[15,43547,35863],{},[30,43549,43550,43553,43556,43559],{},[33,43551,43552],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,43554,43555],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,43557,43558],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,43560,43561],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43563,43564],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[75,43566,43567],{"className":77,"code":43504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,43568,43569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43570,43571,43573,43575,43577,43579,43581],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43572,32994],{"class":133},[84,43574,137],{"class":98},[84,43576,141],{"class":140},[84,43578,307],{"class":98},[84,43580,35307],{"class":25590},[84,43582,150],{"class":98},[20,43584,43585],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[75,43587,43589],{"className":77,"code":43588,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(open)\n",[15,43590,43591],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43592,43593,43595,43597,43599],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43594,32994],{"class":133},[84,43596,137],{"class":98},[84,43598,43244],{"class":133},[84,43600,150],{"class":98},[70,43602,43604],{"id":43603},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43606,43607,43609],{},[15,43608,35863],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,43611,43612,43615,43618,43621],{},[33,43613,43614],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,43616,43617],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,43619,43620],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,43622,43623],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43625,43626,43627,43629],{},"So, ",[15,43628,35863],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43631,6315],{},[75,43633,43635],{"className":77,"code":43634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43636,43637,43650,43674,43678],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43638,43639,43641,43643,43645,43648],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43640,35526],{"class":90},[84,43642,95],{"class":94},[84,43644,4211],{"class":185},[84,43646,43647],{"class":189},"a,b,c",[84,43649,4217],{"class":185},[84,43651,43652,43655,43657,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670,43672],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43653,43654],{"class":90},"parts ",[84,43656,95],{"class":94},[84,43658,43659],{"class":90}," text",[84,43661,307],{"class":98},[84,43663,35307],{"class":146},[84,43665,137],{"class":98},[84,43667,3711],{"class":185},[84,43669,106],{"class":189},[84,43671,3711],{"class":185},[84,43673,150],{"class":98},[84,43675,43676],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,43677,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,43679,43680,43682,43684,43687],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,43681,156],{"class":133},[84,43683,137],{"class":98},[84,43685,43686],{"class":146},"parts",[84,43688,150],{"class":98},[20,43690,6403],{},[75,43692,43694],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43695,43696],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43697,43698,43700,43702,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720,43722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43699,182],{"class":98},[84,43701,186],{"class":185},[84,43703,303],{"class":189},[84,43705,186],{"class":185},[84,43707,106],{"class":98},[84,43709,196],{"class":185},[84,43711,5608],{"class":189},[84,43713,186],{"class":185},[84,43715,106],{"class":98},[84,43717,196],{"class":185},[84,43719,10580],{"class":189},[84,43721,186],{"class":185},[84,43723,122],{"class":98},[20,43725,43726],{},"A good workflow is:",[29554,43728,43729,43734,43737,43740],{},[33,43730,224,43731,43733],{},[15,43732,35863],{}," to inspect something",[33,43735,43736],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,43738,43739],{},"Check the result",[33,43741,43742],{},"Repeat",[70,43744,43746],{"id":43745},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43748,43749,5241,43751,43753],{},[15,43750,35863],{},[15,43752,35150],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[995,43755,43756],{"id":32994},[15,43757,35863],{},[20,43759,224,43760,43762],{},[15,43761,35863],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43764,43765],{},"It tells you:",[30,43767,43768,43771,43774],{},[33,43769,43770],{},"What something is",[33,43772,43773],{},"How to use it",[33,43775,43776],{},"What parameters it accepts",[995,43778,43779],{"id":35211},[15,43780,35150],{},[20,43782,224,43783,43785],{},[15,43784,35150],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[75,43787,43789],{"className":77,"code":43788,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dir(str)\n",[15,43790,43791],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43792,43793,43795,43797,43799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43794,35211],{"class":133},[84,43796,137],{"class":98},[84,43798,141],{"class":140},[84,43800,150],{"class":98},[20,43802,43803,43804,362,43806,17912,43808,307],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43805,35307],{},[15,43807,9473],{},[15,43809,9479],{},[20,43811,43812,43813,3743],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43814,35863],{},[75,43816,43818],{"className":77,"code":43817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43819,43820],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43821,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43823,32994],{"class":133},[84,43825,137],{"class":98},[84,43827,141],{"class":140},[84,43829,307],{"class":98},[84,43831,9479],{"class":25590},[84,43833,150],{"class":98},[20,43835,43836],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,43838,43839,43844],{},[33,43840,224,43841,43843],{},[15,43842,35150],{}," to discover options",[33,43845,224,43846,43848],{},[15,43847,35863],{}," to understand one option",[70,43850,3686],{"id":3685},[20,43852,43853,43854,307],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43855,35863],{},[995,43857,595,43859,43862,43863],{"id":43858},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43860,43861],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43864,43865],{},"help(len)",[20,43867,43868],{},"These are not always the same.",[75,43870,43872],{"className":77,"code":43871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43873,43874,43884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43875,43876,43878,43880,43882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43877,32994],{"class":133},[84,43879,137],{"class":98},[84,43881,12005],{"class":133},[84,43883,150],{"class":98},[84,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43887,32994],{"class":133},[84,43889,137],{"class":98},[84,43891,186],{"class":185},[84,43893,12005],{"class":189},[84,43895,186],{"class":185},[84,43897,150],{"class":98},[20,43899,43900,43902],{},[15,43901,43865],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43904,43905,43907,43908,43911],{},[15,43906,43861],{}," treats ",[15,43909,43910],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[995,43913,43915],{"id":43914},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43917,43918,43920],{},[15,43919,35863],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43922,43923],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[995,43925,43927],{"id":43926},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43929,41160,43930,43932],{},[15,43931,35863],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43934,814],{},[75,43936,43938],{"className":77,"code":43937,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43939,43940,43950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43941,43942,43944,43946,43948],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43943,32994],{"class":133},[84,43945,137],{"class":98},[84,43947,12005],{"class":133},[84,43949,150],{"class":98},[84,43951,43952,43954,43956,43958,43961,43963],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,43953,156],{"class":133},[84,43955,137],{"class":98},[84,43957,3711],{"class":185},[84,43959,43960],{"class":189},"Done",[84,43962,3711],{"class":185},[84,43964,150],{"class":98},[20,43966,43967],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[995,43969,38041,43971,9544,43973],{"id":43970},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43972,35863],{},[15,43974,35150],{},[20,43976,43977,43978,307],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43979,35150],{},[20,43981,43982,43983,307],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43984,35863],{},[70,43986,43988],{"id":43987},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43990,43991],{},"Open Python:",[75,43993,43994],{"className":77,"code":36379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,43995,43996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,43997,43998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,43999,36379],{"class":90},[20,44001,44002],{},"Then test these commands:",[75,44004,44006],{"className":77,"code":44005,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,44007,44008,44018,44032,44046,44056,44071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44009,44010,44012,44014,44016],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44011,32994],{"class":133},[84,44013,137],{"class":98},[84,44015,12005],{"class":133},[84,44017,150],{"class":98},[84,44019,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44021,32994],{"class":133},[84,44023,137],{"class":98},[84,44025,141],{"class":140},[84,44027,307],{"class":98},[84,44029,35307],{"class":25590},[84,44031,150],{"class":98},[84,44033,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44035,32994],{"class":133},[84,44037,137],{"class":98},[84,44039,161],{"class":140},[84,44041,307],{"class":98},[84,44043,14397],{"class":25590},[84,44045,150],{"class":98},[84,44047,44048,44050,44052,44054],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44049,32994],{"class":133},[84,44051,137],{"class":98},[84,44053,43244],{"class":133},[84,44055,150],{"class":98},[84,44057,44058,44060,44062,44064,44067,44069],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44059,32994],{"class":133},[84,44061,137],{"class":98},[84,44063,186],{"class":185},[84,44065,44066],{"class":189},"keywords",[84,44068,186],{"class":185},[84,44070,150],{"class":98},[84,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,44074,35211],{"class":133},[84,44076,137],{"class":98},[84,44078,141],{"class":140},[84,44080,150],{"class":98},[20,44082,44083],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,44085,44086,44089,44092,44095,44098,44101],{},[33,44087,44088],{},"A built-in function",[33,44090,44091],{},"A string method",[33,44093,44094],{},"A list method",[33,44096,44097],{},"A built-in file function",[33,44099,44100],{},"A special help topic",[33,44102,16032,44103,44105],{},[15,44104,35150],{}," example for comparison",[70,44107,2694],{"id":2693},[995,44109,44111],{"id":44110},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,44113,44114],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[995,44116,44118],{"id":44117},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,44120,44121,44122,44124],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,44123,35863],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[75,44126,44128],{"className":77,"code":44127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,44129,44130,44142,44155,44174,44178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44131,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44133,615],{"class":614},[84,44135,35692],{"class":618},[84,44137,137],{"class":98},[84,44139,8508],{"class":624},[84,44141,628],{"class":98},[84,44143,44144,44148,44152],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44145,44147],{"class":44146},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[84,44149,44151],{"class":44150},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[84,44153,44154],{"class":44146},"\"\"\"\n",[84,44156,44157,44159,44162,44165,44167,44169,44171],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44158,634],{"class":633},[84,44160,44161],{"class":614}," f",[84,44163,44164],{"class":189},"\"Hello, ",[84,44166,10118],{"class":102},[84,44168,8508],{"class":90},[84,44170,23146],{"class":102},[84,44172,44173],{"class":189},"!\"\n",[84,44175,44176],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44177,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44181,32994],{"class":133},[84,44183,137],{"class":98},[84,44185,35733],{"class":146},[84,44187,150],{"class":98},[995,44189,44191],{"id":44190},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,44193,44194,44196,44197,44199],{},[15,44195,43865],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,44198,43861],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[995,44201,44203],{"id":44202},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,44205,44206],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[70,44208,2751],{"id":2750},[30,44210,44211,44216,44220,44225,44230],{},[33,44212,44213],{},[303,44214,44215],{"href":43423},"Python dir() function explained",[33,44217,44218],{},[303,44219,9280],{"href":3157},[33,44221,44222],{},[303,44223,44224],{"href":43175},"Python len() function explained",[33,44226,44227],{},[303,44228,44229],{"href":43470},"How import works in Python",[33,44231,44232],{},[303,44233,35993],{"href":43475},[20,44235,44236,44237,44239,44240,362,44242,17912,44244,44246,44247,3736,44250,44253],{},"Try ",[15,44238,35863],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,44241,12005],{},[15,44243,156],{},[15,44245,43280],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,44248,44249],{},"dir(str)",[15,44251,44252],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2785,44255,44256],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":44258},[44259,44260,44261,44262,44268,44269,44270,44271,44275,44283,44284,44290],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":43140,"depth":125,"text":43141},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":43265,"depth":125,"text":43266,"children":44263},[44264,44265,44266,44267],{"id":43269,"depth":153,"text":43270},{"id":43322,"depth":153,"text":43323},{"id":35344,"depth":153,"text":43160},{"id":35497,"depth":153,"text":43163},{"id":35753,"depth":125,"text":35754},{"id":43542,"depth":125,"text":43543},{"id":43603,"depth":125,"text":43604},{"id":43745,"depth":125,"text":43746,"children":44272},[44273,44274],{"id":32994,"depth":153,"text":35863},{"id":35211,"depth":153,"text":35150},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":44276},[44277,44279,44280,44281],{"id":43858,"depth":153,"text":44278},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43914,"depth":153,"text":43915},{"id":43926,"depth":153,"text":43927},{"id":43970,"depth":153,"text":44282},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43987,"depth":125,"text":43988},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":44285},[44286,44287,44288,44289],{"id":44110,"depth":153,"text":44111},{"id":44117,"depth":153,"text":44118},{"id":44190,"depth":153,"text":44191},{"id":44202,"depth":153,"text":44203},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":43069,"description":44291},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44297,"title":44298,"body":44299,"description":45660,"extension":2830,"meta":45661,"navigation":472,"path":45662,"seo":45663,"stem":45664,"__hash__":45665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44300,"toc":45633},[44301,44307,44312,44318,44328,44387,44397,44408,44413,44419,44421,44439,44447,44449,44451,44466,44469,44480,44482,44573,44576,44580,44585,44606,44608,44719,44721,44748,44759,44763,44766,44849,44851,44859,44865,44871,44875,44878,44988,44990,45003,45006,45020,45028,45035,45040,45054,45060,45173,45175,45236,45239,45245,45251,45254,45276,45279,45349,45352,45383,45390,45392,45395,45413,45416,45428,45434,45436,45441,45467,45470,45542,45544,45550,45553,45559,45562,45568,45578,45584,45587,45594,45597,45599,45630],[10,44302,13,44304,18],{"id":44303},"python-id-function-explained",[15,44305,44306],{},"id()",[20,44308,33159,44309,44311],{},[15,44310,44306],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44313,44314,44315,44317],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44316,44306],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44319,224,44320,44322,44323,44325,44326,307],{},[15,44321,44306],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[53,44324,55],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44327,5535],{},[75,44329,44331],{"className":77,"code":44330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44332,44333,44345,44359,44363,44373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44334,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44336,8716],{"class":90},[84,44338,95],{"class":94},[84,44340,4211],{"class":185},[84,44342,8136],{"class":189},[84,44344,4217],{"class":185},[84,44346,44347,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44348,156],{"class":133},[84,44350,137],{"class":98},[84,44352,13493],{"class":133},[84,44354,137],{"class":98},[84,44356,8508],{"class":146},[84,44358,169],{"class":98},[84,44360,44361],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44362,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44364,44365,44368,44370],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44366,44367],{"class":90},"other ",[84,44369,95],{"class":94},[84,44371,44372],{"class":90}," name\n",[84,44374,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44376,156],{"class":133},[84,44378,137],{"class":98},[84,44380,13493],{"class":133},[84,44382,137],{"class":98},[84,44384,31584],{"class":146},[84,44386,169],{"class":98},[20,44388,44389,44390,44393,44394,44396],{},"In this example, ",[15,44391,44392],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44395,44306],{}," values match.",[44398,44399,44400],"blockquote",{},[20,44401,224,44402,44404,44405,44407],{},[15,44403,44306],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44406,5535],{}," for value comparison.",[70,44409,235,44411,238],{"id":44410},"what-id-does",[15,44412,44306],{},[20,44414,44415,44418],{},[15,44416,44417],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44420,13895],{},[30,44422,44423,44426,44433,44436],{},[33,44424,44425],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,44427,44428,44429,44432],{},"It shows ",[53,44430,44431],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,44434,44435],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,44437,44438],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44440,44441,44442,44446],{},"This is closely related to how ",[303,44443,44445],{"href":44444},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[70,44448,311],{"id":310},[20,44450,6277],{},[75,44452,44454],{"className":77,"code":44453,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"id(object)\n",[15,44455,44456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44457,44458,44460,44462,44464],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44459,13493],{"class":133},[84,44461,137],{"class":98},[84,44463,43216],{"class":140},[84,44465,150],{"class":98},[20,44467,44468],{},"Important details:",[30,44470,44471,44474,44477],{},[33,44472,44473],{},"It takes one argument",[33,44475,44476],{},"It returns an integer",[33,44478,44479],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44481,814],{},[75,44483,44485],{"className":77,"code":44484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44486,44487,44499,44507,44527,44531,44545,44559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44488,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44490,35526],{"class":90},[84,44492,95],{"class":94},[84,44494,4211],{"class":185},[84,44496,4697],{"class":189},[84,44498,4217],{"class":185},[84,44500,44501,44503,44505],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44502,3076],{"class":90},[84,44504,95],{"class":94},[84,44506,3624],{"class":102},[84,44508,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44510,8620],{"class":90},[84,44512,95],{"class":94},[84,44514,99],{"class":98},[84,44516,103],{"class":102},[84,44518,106],{"class":98},[84,44520,109],{"class":102},[84,44522,106],{"class":98},[84,44524,114],{"class":102},[84,44526,122],{"class":98},[84,44528,44529],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44530,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44532,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44534,156],{"class":133},[84,44536,137],{"class":98},[84,44538,13493],{"class":133},[84,44540,137],{"class":98},[84,44542,35547],{"class":146},[84,44544,169],{"class":98},[84,44546,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,44548,156],{"class":133},[84,44550,137],{"class":98},[84,44552,13493],{"class":133},[84,44554,137],{"class":98},[84,44556,3098],{"class":146},[84,44558,169],{"class":98},[84,44560,44561,44563,44565,44567,44569,44571],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,44562,156],{"class":133},[84,44564,137],{"class":98},[84,44566,13493],{"class":133},[84,44568,137],{"class":98},[84,44570,8649],{"class":146},[84,44572,169],{"class":98},[20,44574,44575],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[70,44577,44579],{"id":44578},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44581,44582,44583,307],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44584,44306],{},[30,44586,44587,44594,44601],{},[33,44588,44589,44591,44592],{},[15,44590,5535],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[53,44593,3329],{},[33,44595,44596,44598,44599],{},[15,44597,13037],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[53,44600,43216],{},[33,44602,44603,44605],{},[15,44604,44306],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44607,814],{},[75,44609,44611],{"className":77,"code":44610,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44612,44613,44633,44653,44657,44674,44691,44705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44614,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44616,3410],{"class":90},[84,44618,95],{"class":94},[84,44620,99],{"class":98},[84,44622,103],{"class":102},[84,44624,106],{"class":98},[84,44626,109],{"class":102},[84,44628,106],{"class":98},[84,44630,114],{"class":102},[84,44632,122],{"class":98},[84,44634,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649,44651],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44636,3437],{"class":90},[84,44638,95],{"class":94},[84,44640,99],{"class":98},[84,44642,103],{"class":102},[84,44644,106],{"class":98},[84,44646,109],{"class":102},[84,44648,106],{"class":98},[84,44650,114],{"class":102},[84,44652,122],{"class":98},[84,44654,44655],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44656,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44658,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667,44669,44671],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44660,156],{"class":133},[84,44662,137],{"class":98},[84,44664,3410],{"class":146},[84,44666,5535],{"class":94},[84,44668,835],{"class":146},[84,44670,1970],{"class":98},[84,44672,44673],{"class":4517},"   # True\n",[84,44675,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684,44686,44688],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44677,156],{"class":133},[84,44679,137],{"class":98},[84,44681,3410],{"class":146},[84,44683,13037],{"class":633},[84,44685,835],{"class":146},[84,44687,1970],{"class":98},[84,44689,44690],{"class":4517},"   # False\n",[84,44692,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,44694,156],{"class":133},[84,44696,137],{"class":98},[84,44698,13493],{"class":133},[84,44700,137],{"class":98},[84,44702,303],{"class":146},[84,44704,169],{"class":98},[84,44706,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,44708,156],{"class":133},[84,44710,137],{"class":98},[84,44712,13493],{"class":133},[84,44714,137],{"class":98},[84,44716,5608],{"class":146},[84,44718,169],{"class":98},[20,44720,974],{},[30,44722,44723,44731,44739],{},[33,44724,44725,5631,44728,44730],{},[15,44726,44727],{},"a == b",[15,44729,4459],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,44732,44733,5631,44736,44738],{},[15,44734,44735],{},"a is b",[15,44737,4528],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,44740,44741,5241,44744,44747],{},[15,44742,44743],{},"id(a)",[15,44745,44746],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44749,44750,44751,5241,44755,307],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[303,44752,44754],{"href":44753},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[303,44756,44758],{"href":44757},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[70,44760,44762],{"id":44761},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44764,44765],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[75,44767,44769],{"className":77,"code":44768,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44770,44771,44791,44801,44805,44819,44834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44772,44773,44775,44777,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44774,91],{"class":90},[84,44776,95],{"class":94},[84,44778,99],{"class":98},[84,44780,437],{"class":102},[84,44782,106],{"class":98},[84,44784,442],{"class":102},[84,44786,106],{"class":98},[84,44788,447],{"class":102},[84,44790,122],{"class":98},[84,44792,44793,44796,44798],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44794,44795],{"class":90},"other_numbers ",[84,44797,95],{"class":94},[84,44799,44800],{"class":90}," numbers\n",[84,44802,44803],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44804,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44806,44807,44809,44811,44813,44815,44817],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44808,156],{"class":133},[84,44810,137],{"class":98},[84,44812,13493],{"class":133},[84,44814,137],{"class":98},[84,44816,535],{"class":146},[84,44818,169],{"class":98},[84,44820,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829,44832],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44822,156],{"class":133},[84,44824,137],{"class":98},[84,44826,13493],{"class":133},[84,44828,137],{"class":98},[84,44830,44831],{"class":146},"other_numbers",[84,44833,169],{"class":98},[84,44835,44836,44838,44840,44842,44844,44847],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,44837,156],{"class":133},[84,44839,137],{"class":98},[84,44841,91],{"class":146},[84,44843,13037],{"class":633},[84,44845,44846],{"class":146}," other_numbers",[84,44848,150],{"class":98},[20,44850,6403],{},[75,44852,44853],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,44854,44855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44856,44857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44858,4828],{"class":4704},[20,44860,44861,44862,44864],{},"The two ",[15,44863,44306],{}," values will also match.",[20,44866,23032,44867,44870],{},[15,44868,44869],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[70,44872,44874],{"id":44873},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44876,44877],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[75,44879,44881],{"className":77,"code":44880,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44882,44883,44904,44925,44929,44944,44958,44973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44884,44885,44888,44890,44892,44894,44896,44898,44900,44902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44886,44887],{"class":90},"list_a ",[84,44889,95],{"class":94},[84,44891,99],{"class":98},[84,44893,103],{"class":102},[84,44895,106],{"class":98},[84,44897,109],{"class":102},[84,44899,106],{"class":98},[84,44901,114],{"class":102},[84,44903,122],{"class":98},[84,44905,44906,44909,44911,44913,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,44907,44908],{"class":90},"list_b ",[84,44910,95],{"class":94},[84,44912,99],{"class":98},[84,44914,103],{"class":102},[84,44916,106],{"class":98},[84,44918,109],{"class":102},[84,44920,106],{"class":98},[84,44922,114],{"class":102},[84,44924,122],{"class":98},[84,44926,44927],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,44928,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,44930,44931,44933,44935,44937,44939,44942],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,44932,156],{"class":133},[84,44934,137],{"class":98},[84,44936,44887],{"class":146},[84,44938,5535],{"class":94},[84,44940,44941],{"class":146}," list_b",[84,44943,150],{"class":98},[84,44945,44946,44948,44950,44952,44954,44956],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,44947,156],{"class":133},[84,44949,137],{"class":98},[84,44951,44887],{"class":146},[84,44953,13037],{"class":633},[84,44955,44941],{"class":146},[84,44957,150],{"class":98},[84,44959,44960,44962,44964,44966,44968,44971],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,44961,156],{"class":133},[84,44963,137],{"class":98},[84,44965,13493],{"class":133},[84,44967,137],{"class":98},[84,44969,44970],{"class":146},"list_a",[84,44972,169],{"class":98},[84,44974,44975,44977,44979,44981,44983,44986],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,44976,156],{"class":133},[84,44978,137],{"class":98},[84,44980,13493],{"class":133},[84,44982,137],{"class":98},[84,44984,44985],{"class":146},"list_b",[84,44987,169],{"class":98},[20,44989,6403],{},[75,44991,44993],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44994,44995,44999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,44996,44997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,44998,4828],{"class":4704},[84,45000,45001],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45002,4889],{"class":4704},[20,45004,45005],{},"What this means:",[30,45007,45008,45011,45014],{},[33,45009,45010],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,45012,45013],{},"They are not the same object",[33,45015,45016,45017,45019],{},"Their ",[15,45018,44306],{}," values are usually different",[20,45021,45022,45023,45025,45026,307],{},"This is why ",[15,45024,44306],{}," should not replace ",[15,45027,5535],{},[70,45029,45031,45032,45034],{"id":45030},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,45033,44306],{}," is useful",[20,45036,45037,45039],{},[15,45038,44306],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,45041,45042,45045,45048,45051],{},[33,45043,45044],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,45046,45047],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,45049,45050],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,45052,45053],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,45055,45056,45057,45059],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,45058,44306],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[75,45061,45063],{"className":77,"code":45062,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,45064,45065,45089,45098,45102,45121,45125,45135,45145,45159],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45066,45067,45069,45071,45073,45075,45077,45079,45081,45083,45085,45087],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45068,12929],{"class":90},[84,45070,95],{"class":94},[84,45072,99],{"class":98},[84,45074,3711],{"class":185},[84,45076,303],{"class":189},[84,45078,3711],{"class":185},[84,45080,106],{"class":98},[84,45082,4211],{"class":185},[84,45084,5608],{"class":189},[84,45086,3711],{"class":185},[84,45088,122],{"class":98},[84,45090,45091,45094,45096],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45092,45093],{"class":90},"copy_ref ",[84,45095,95],{"class":94},[84,45097,12967],{"class":90},[84,45099,45100],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,45101,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,45103,45104,45107,45109,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,45105,45106],{"class":90},"copy_ref",[84,45108,307],{"class":98},[84,45110,14397],{"class":146},[84,45112,137],{"class":98},[84,45114,3711],{"class":185},[84,45116,10580],{"class":189},[84,45118,3711],{"class":185},[84,45120,150],{"class":98},[84,45122,45123],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,45124,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,45126,45127,45129,45131,45133],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,45128,156],{"class":133},[84,45130,137],{"class":98},[84,45132,12976],{"class":146},[84,45134,150],{"class":98},[84,45136,45137,45139,45141,45143],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,45138,156],{"class":133},[84,45140,137],{"class":98},[84,45142,45106],{"class":146},[84,45144,150],{"class":98},[84,45146,45147,45149,45151,45153,45155,45157],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,45148,156],{"class":133},[84,45150,137],{"class":98},[84,45152,13493],{"class":133},[84,45154,137],{"class":98},[84,45156,12976],{"class":146},[84,45158,169],{"class":98},[84,45160,45161,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,45162,156],{"class":133},[84,45164,137],{"class":98},[84,45166,13493],{"class":133},[84,45168,137],{"class":98},[84,45170,45106],{"class":146},[84,45172,169],{"class":98},[20,45174,6403],{},[75,45176,45178],{"className":77,"code":45177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,45179,45180,45208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45181,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194,45196,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45183,182],{"class":98},[84,45185,186],{"class":185},[84,45187,303],{"class":189},[84,45189,186],{"class":185},[84,45191,106],{"class":98},[84,45193,196],{"class":185},[84,45195,5608],{"class":189},[84,45197,186],{"class":185},[84,45199,106],{"class":98},[84,45201,196],{"class":185},[84,45203,10580],{"class":189},[84,45205,186],{"class":185},[84,45207,122],{"class":98},[84,45209,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45211,182],{"class":98},[84,45213,186],{"class":185},[84,45215,303],{"class":189},[84,45217,186],{"class":185},[84,45219,106],{"class":98},[84,45221,196],{"class":185},[84,45223,5608],{"class":189},[84,45225,186],{"class":185},[84,45227,106],{"class":98},[84,45229,196],{"class":185},[84,45231,10580],{"class":189},[84,45233,186],{"class":185},[84,45235,122],{"class":98},[20,45237,45238],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[70,45240,45242,45243],{"id":45241},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,45244,44306],{},[20,45246,45247,45248,45250],{},"Do not use ",[15,45249,44306],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,45252,45253],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,45255,45256,45262,45268,45271],{},[33,45257,45258,45259,45261],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,45260,5535],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,45263,45264,45265,45267],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,45266,44306],{}," values across program runs",[33,45269,45270],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,45272,45273,45274],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,45275,44306],{},[20,45277,45278],{},"Bad example:",[75,45280,45282],{"className":77,"code":45281,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45283,45284,45296,45308,45312,45334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45287,3410],{"class":90},[84,45289,95],{"class":94},[84,45291,4211],{"class":185},[84,45293,37884],{"class":189},[84,45295,4217],{"class":185},[84,45297,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45299,3437],{"class":90},[84,45301,95],{"class":94},[84,45303,4211],{"class":185},[84,45305,37884],{"class":189},[84,45307,4217],{"class":185},[84,45309,45310],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,45311,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,45313,45314,45316,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,45315,7836],{"class":633},[84,45317,15660],{"class":133},[84,45319,137],{"class":98},[84,45321,303],{"class":146},[84,45323,1970],{"class":98},[84,45325,7249],{"class":94},[84,45327,15660],{"class":133},[84,45329,137],{"class":98},[84,45331,5608],{"class":146},[84,45333,628],{"class":98},[84,45335,45336,45338,45340,45342,45345,45347],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,45337,1445],{"class":133},[84,45339,137],{"class":98},[84,45341,3711],{"class":185},[84,45343,45344],{"class":189},"The values are equal",[84,45346,3711],{"class":185},[84,45348,150],{"class":98},[20,45350,45351],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[75,45353,45355],{"className":77,"code":45354,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45356,45357,45369],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45360,7836],{"class":633},[84,45362,844],{"class":90},[84,45364,5535],{"class":94},[84,45366,835],{"class":90},[84,45368,1440],{"class":98},[84,45370,45371,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45372,1445],{"class":133},[84,45374,137],{"class":98},[84,45376,3711],{"class":185},[84,45378,45344],{"class":189},[84,45380,3711],{"class":185},[84,45382,150],{"class":98},[20,45384,224,45385,3736,45387,45389],{},[15,45386,13037],{},[15,45388,44306],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[70,45391,21643],{"id":21642},[20,45393,45394],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,45396,45397,45400,45403,45408],{},[33,45398,45399],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,45401,45402],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,45404,45405,45406],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45407,44306],{},[33,45409,45410,45411],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45412,44306],{},[20,45414,45415],{},"The important rule is:",[30,45417,45418,45423],{},[33,45419,224,45420,45422],{},[15,45421,5535],{}," to check value",[33,45424,224,45425,45427],{},[15,45426,13037],{}," to check identity",[20,45429,45430,45431,45433],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45432,44306],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[70,45435,3686],{"id":3685},[20,45437,45438,45439,3743],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45440,44306],{},[30,45442,45443,45451,45454,45457,45462],{},[33,45444,595,45445,45447,45448,45450],{},[15,45446,44306],{}," when ",[15,45449,5535],{}," should be used",[33,45452,45453],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,45455,45456],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,45458,45459,45460],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45461,44306],{},[33,45463,595,45464,45466],{},[15,45465,44306],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45468,45469],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[75,45471,45473],{"className":77,"code":45472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45474,45475,45490,45504,45518,45532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45476,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45478,156],{"class":133},[84,45480,137],{"class":98},[84,45482,13493],{"class":133},[84,45484,137],{"class":98},[84,45486,45487],{"class":146},"my_object",[84,45489,169],{"class":98},[84,45491,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45493,156],{"class":133},[84,45495,137],{"class":98},[84,45497,3410],{"class":146},[84,45499,5535],{"class":94},[84,45501,835],{"class":146},[84,45503,150],{"class":98},[84,45505,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514,45516],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,45507,156],{"class":133},[84,45509,137],{"class":98},[84,45511,3410],{"class":146},[84,45513,13037],{"class":633},[84,45515,835],{"class":146},[84,45517,150],{"class":98},[84,45519,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,45521,156],{"class":133},[84,45523,137],{"class":98},[84,45525,2624],{"class":140},[84,45527,137],{"class":98},[84,45529,45487],{"class":146},[84,45531,169],{"class":98},[84,45533,45534,45536,45538,45540],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,45535,32994],{"class":133},[84,45537,137],{"class":98},[84,45539,13493],{"class":133},[84,45541,150],{"class":98},[70,45543,2694],{"id":2693},[995,45545,45547,45548,13558],{"id":45546},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45549,44306],{},[20,45551,45552],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[995,45554,2715,45556,45558],{"id":45555},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45557,44306],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45560,45561],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[995,45563,22263,45565,45567],{"id":45564},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45566,44306],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45569,31112,45570,45572,45573,3736,45575,45577],{},[15,45571,5535],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45574,44306],{},[15,45576,13037],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[995,45579,45581,45582,3348],{"id":45580},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45583,44306],{},[20,45585,45586],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[995,45588,45590,45591,45593],{"id":45589},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45592,44306],{}," values?",[20,45595,45596],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[70,45598,2751],{"id":2750},[30,45600,45601,45606,45611,45616,45624],{},[33,45602,45603],{},[303,45604,45605],{"href":44444},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,45607,45608],{},[303,45609,45610],{"href":44753},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,45612,45613],{},[303,45614,45615],{"href":44757},"Python data types overview",[33,45617,45618],{},[303,45619,13,45621,591],{"href":45620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45622,45623],{},"isinstance()",[33,45625,45626],{},[303,45627,45629],{"href":45628},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2785,45631,45632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":45634},[45635,45637,45638,45639,45640,45641,45643,45645,45646,45647,45659],{"id":44410,"depth":125,"text":45636},"What id() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":44578,"depth":125,"text":44579},{"id":44761,"depth":125,"text":44762},{"id":44873,"depth":125,"text":44874},{"id":45030,"depth":125,"text":45642},"When id() is useful",{"id":45241,"depth":125,"text":45644},"When not to use id()",{"id":21642,"depth":125,"text":21643},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":45648},[45649,45651,45653,45655,45657],{"id":45546,"depth":153,"text":45650},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45555,"depth":153,"text":45652},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45564,"depth":153,"text":45654},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45580,"depth":153,"text":45656},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45589,"depth":153,"text":45658},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44298,"description":45660},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45667,"title":43011,"body":45668,"description":47307,"extension":2830,"meta":47308,"navigation":472,"path":47309,"seo":47310,"stem":47311,"__hash__":47312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45669,"toc":47273},[45670,45675,45680,45683,45685,45728,45733,45736,45741,45746,45749,45765,45767,45811,45813,45840,45842,45857,45859,45861,45863,45879,45881,45893,45896,45930,45933,45958,45963,45965,45970,45974,45977,45979,46027,46029,46062,46068,46079,46081,46133,46135,46166,46168,46172,46176,46219,46225,46231,46283,46291,46296,46300,46391,46393,46425,46428,46430,46490,46492,46518,46528,46530,46534,46539,46544,46546,46583,46585,46604,46607,46611,46614,46670,46682,46691,46693,46720,46728,46735,46739,46742,46779,46782,46788,46825,46827,46831,46837,46855,46860,46908,46912,47001,47004,47011,47013,47015,47020,47038,47040,47083,47089,47106,47108,47170,47172,47174,47180,47188,47194,47200,47209,47219,47223,47231,47233,47235,47270],[10,45671,13,45673,18],{"id":45672},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45674,3817],{},[20,45676,2847,45677,45679],{},[15,45678,3817],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45681,45682],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[70,45684,73],{"id":72},[75,45686,45688],{"className":77,"code":45687,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45689,45690,45709],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45691,45692,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45705,45707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45693,8716],{"class":90},[84,45695,95],{"class":94},[84,45697,9081],{"class":133},[84,45699,137],{"class":98},[84,45701,3711],{"class":185},[84,45703,45704],{"class":189},"Enter your name: ",[84,45706,3711],{"class":185},[84,45708,150],{"class":98},[84,45710,45711,45713,45715,45717,45720,45722,45724,45726],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45712,156],{"class":133},[84,45714,137],{"class":98},[84,45716,3711],{"class":185},[84,45718,45719],{"class":189},"Hello, ",[84,45721,3711],{"class":185},[84,45723,3311],{"class":94},[84,45725,36829],{"class":146},[84,45727,150],{"class":98},[20,45729,224,45730,45732],{},[15,45731,3817],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45734,45735],"hr",{},[70,45737,235,45739,238],{"id":45738},"what-input-does",[15,45740,3817],{},[20,45742,45743,45745],{},[15,45744,3817],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45747,45748],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,45750,45751,45756,45759,45762],{},[33,45752,45753,45755],{},[15,45754,3817],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,45757,45758],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,45760,45761],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,45763,45764],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45766,814],{},[75,45768,45770],{"className":77,"code":45769,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45771,45772,45792],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45773,45774,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785,45788,45790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45775,45776],{"class":90},"color ",[84,45778,95],{"class":94},[84,45780,9081],{"class":133},[84,45782,137],{"class":98},[84,45784,3711],{"class":185},[84,45786,45787],{"class":189},"What is your favorite color? ",[84,45789,3711],{"class":185},[84,45791,150],{"class":98},[84,45793,45794,45796,45798,45800,45803,45805,45807,45809],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45795,156],{"class":133},[84,45797,137],{"class":98},[84,45799,3711],{"class":185},[84,45801,45802],{"class":189},"Your favorite color is",[84,45804,3711],{"class":185},[84,45806,106],{"class":98},[84,45808,36688],{"class":146},[84,45810,150],{"class":98},[20,45812,30871],{},[75,45814,45816],{"className":77,"code":45815,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45817,45818,45831],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45819,45820,45822,45824,45827,45829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45821,235],{"class":90},[84,45823,13037],{"class":94},[84,45825,45826],{"class":90}," your favorite color",[84,45828,3348],{"class":1262},[84,45830,36718],{"class":90},[84,45832,45833,45836,45838],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45834,45835],{"class":90},"Your favorite color ",[84,45837,13037],{"class":94},[84,45839,36718],{"class":90},[20,45841,20799],{},[30,45843,45844,45849,45854],{},[33,45845,45846,45847],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45848,45787],{},[33,45850,45851,45852],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45853,33733],{},[33,45855,45856],{},"That value is then printed",[45734,45858],{},[70,45860,311],{"id":310},[20,45862,8057],{},[75,45864,45866],{"className":77,"code":45865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45867,45868],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45869,45870,45872,45874,45877],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45871,43280],{"class":133},[84,45873,137],{"class":98},[84,45875,45876],{"class":146},"prompt",[84,45878,150],{"class":98},[20,45880,12303],{},[30,45882,45883,45887,45890],{},[33,45884,2847,45885,20881],{},[15,45886,45876],{},[33,45888,45889],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,45891,45892],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45894,45895],{},"Example with a prompt:",[75,45897,45899],{"className":77,"code":45898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45900,45901,45920],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45902,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913,45916,45918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45904,8801],{"class":90},[84,45906,95],{"class":94},[84,45908,9081],{"class":133},[84,45910,137],{"class":98},[84,45912,3711],{"class":185},[84,45914,45915],{"class":189},"Enter your username: ",[84,45917,3711],{"class":185},[84,45919,150],{"class":98},[84,45921,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45923,156],{"class":133},[84,45925,137],{"class":98},[84,45927,8825],{"class":146},[84,45929,150],{"class":98},[20,45931,45932],{},"Example without a prompt:",[75,45934,45936],{"className":77,"code":45935,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45937,45938,45948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45939,45940,45942,45944,45946],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45941,3304],{"class":90},[84,45943,95],{"class":94},[84,45945,9081],{"class":133},[84,45947,9482],{"class":98},[84,45949,45950,45952,45954,45956],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,45951,156],{"class":133},[84,45953,137],{"class":98},[84,45955,3329],{"class":146},[84,45957,150],{"class":98},[20,45959,8603,45960,45962],{},[15,45961,3817],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45734,45964],{},[70,45966,235,45968,12548],{"id":45967},"what-input-returns",[15,45969,3817],{},[20,45971,45972,9064],{},[15,45973,3817],{},[20,45975,45976],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45978,814],{},[75,45980,45982],{"className":77,"code":45981,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45983,45984,46003,46013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,45985,45986,45988,45990,45992,45994,45996,45999,46001],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,45987,22471],{"class":90},[84,45989,95],{"class":94},[84,45991,9081],{"class":133},[84,45993,137],{"class":98},[84,45995,3711],{"class":185},[84,45997,45998],{"class":189},"Enter your age: ",[84,46000,3711],{"class":185},[84,46002,150],{"class":98},[84,46004,46005,46007,46009,46011],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46006,156],{"class":133},[84,46008,137],{"class":98},[84,46010,10139],{"class":146},[84,46012,150],{"class":98},[84,46014,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46016,156],{"class":133},[84,46018,137],{"class":98},[84,46020,2624],{"class":140},[84,46022,137],{"class":98},[84,46024,10139],{"class":146},[84,46026,169],{"class":98},[20,46028,30871],{},[75,46030,46032],{"className":77,"code":46031,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46033,46034,46044,46048],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46035,46036,46039,46041],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46037,46038],{"class":90},"Enter your age",[84,46040,3743],{"class":98},[84,46042,46043],{"class":102}," 25\n",[84,46045,46046],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46047,3564],{"class":102},[84,46049,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058,46060],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46051,1251],{"class":94},[84,46053,4152],{"class":614},[84,46055,196],{"class":185},[84,46057,141],{"class":189},[84,46059,186],{"class":185},[84,46061,1270],{"class":94},[20,46063,46064,46065,46067],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,46066,10033],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,46069,46070,46071,3736,46075,307],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[303,46072,46073],{"href":3732},[15,46074,3735],{},[303,46076,46077],{"href":3739},[15,46078,3742],{},[20,46080,814],{},[75,46082,46084],{"className":77,"code":46083,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,46085,46086,46109,46119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46087,46088,46090,46092,46095,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46089,22471],{"class":90},[84,46091,95],{"class":94},[84,46093,46094],{"class":140}," int",[84,46096,137],{"class":98},[84,46098,43280],{"class":133},[84,46100,137],{"class":98},[84,46102,3711],{"class":185},[84,46104,45998],{"class":189},[84,46106,3711],{"class":185},[84,46108,169],{"class":98},[84,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46112,156],{"class":133},[84,46114,137],{"class":98},[84,46116,10139],{"class":146},[84,46118,150],{"class":98},[84,46120,46121,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46122,156],{"class":133},[84,46124,137],{"class":98},[84,46126,2624],{"class":140},[84,46128,137],{"class":98},[84,46130,10139],{"class":146},[84,46132,169],{"class":98},[20,46134,30871],{},[75,46136,46138],{"className":77,"code":46137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46139,46140,46148,46152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46141,46142,46144,46146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46143,46038],{"class":90},[84,46145,3743],{"class":98},[84,46147,46043],{"class":102},[84,46149,46150],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46151,3564],{"class":102},[84,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46155,1251],{"class":94},[84,46157,4152],{"class":614},[84,46159,196],{"class":185},[84,46161,365],{"class":189},[84,46163,186],{"class":185},[84,46165,1270],{"class":94},[45734,46167],{},[70,46169,46171],{"id":46170},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[995,46173,46175],{"id":46174},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[75,46177,46179],{"className":77,"code":46178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,46180,46181,46200],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46182,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46196,46198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46184,8716],{"class":90},[84,46186,95],{"class":94},[84,46188,9081],{"class":133},[84,46190,137],{"class":98},[84,46192,3711],{"class":185},[84,46194,46195],{"class":189},"What is your name? ",[84,46197,3711],{"class":185},[84,46199,150],{"class":98},[84,46201,46202,46204,46206,46208,46211,46213,46215,46217],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46203,156],{"class":133},[84,46205,137],{"class":98},[84,46207,3711],{"class":185},[84,46209,46210],{"class":189},"Hello,",[84,46212,3711],{"class":185},[84,46214,106],{"class":98},[84,46216,36829],{"class":146},[84,46218,150],{"class":98},[20,46220,46221,46222,46224],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,46223,8508],{}," and prints it.",[995,46226,46228,46229],{"id":46227},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,46230,3735],{},[75,46232,46234],{"className":77,"code":46233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,46235,46236,46259],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46237,46238,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46255,46257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46239,22471],{"class":90},[84,46241,95],{"class":94},[84,46243,46094],{"class":140},[84,46245,137],{"class":98},[84,46247,43280],{"class":133},[84,46249,137],{"class":98},[84,46251,3711],{"class":185},[84,46253,46254],{"class":189},"How old are you? ",[84,46256,3711],{"class":185},[84,46258,169],{"class":98},[84,46260,46261,46263,46265,46267,46270,46272,46274,46277,46279,46281],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46262,156],{"class":133},[84,46264,137],{"class":98},[84,46266,3711],{"class":185},[84,46268,46269],{"class":189},"Next year you will be",[84,46271,3711],{"class":185},[84,46273,106],{"class":98},[84,46275,46276],{"class":146}," age ",[84,46278,847],{"class":94},[84,46280,6341],{"class":102},[84,46282,150],{"class":98},[20,46284,6903,46285,46287,46288,46290],{},[15,46286,3735],{}," converts the text from ",[15,46289,3817],{}," into a whole number.",[20,46292,46293,46294,307],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[303,46295,9820],{"href":9819},[995,46297,46299],{"id":46298},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[75,46301,46303],{"className":77,"code":46302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,46304,46305,46329,46353,46367,46371],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46306,46307,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320,46322,46325,46327],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46308,46309],{"class":90},"num1 ",[84,46311,95],{"class":94},[84,46313,46094],{"class":140},[84,46315,137],{"class":98},[84,46317,43280],{"class":133},[84,46319,137],{"class":98},[84,46321,3711],{"class":185},[84,46323,46324],{"class":189},"Enter the first number: ",[84,46326,3711],{"class":185},[84,46328,169],{"class":98},[84,46330,46331,46334,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46349,46351],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46332,46333],{"class":90},"num2 ",[84,46335,95],{"class":94},[84,46337,46094],{"class":140},[84,46339,137],{"class":98},[84,46341,43280],{"class":133},[84,46343,137],{"class":98},[84,46345,3711],{"class":185},[84,46347,46348],{"class":189},"Enter the second number: ",[84,46350,3711],{"class":185},[84,46352,169],{"class":98},[84,46354,46355,46357,46359,46362,46364],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46356,42000],{"class":90},[84,46358,95],{"class":94},[84,46360,46361],{"class":90}," num1 ",[84,46363,847],{"class":94},[84,46365,46366],{"class":90}," num2\n",[84,46368,46369],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,46370,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,46372,46373,46375,46377,46379,46382,46384,46386,46389],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,46374,156],{"class":133},[84,46376,137],{"class":98},[84,46378,3711],{"class":185},[84,46380,46381],{"class":189},"Total:",[84,46383,3711],{"class":185},[84,46385,106],{"class":98},[84,46387,46388],{"class":146}," total",[84,46390,150],{"class":98},[20,46392,30871],{},[75,46394,46396],{"className":77,"code":46395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46397,46398,46407,46416],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46399,46400,46403,46405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46401,46402],{"class":90},"Enter the first number",[84,46404,3743],{"class":98},[84,46406,643],{"class":102},[84,46408,46409,46412,46414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46410,46411],{"class":90},"Enter the second number",[84,46413,3743],{"class":98},[84,46415,3432],{"class":102},[84,46417,46418,46421,46423],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46419,46420],{"class":90},"Total",[84,46422,3743],{"class":98},[84,46424,35681],{"class":102},[20,46426,46427],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46429,814],{},[75,46431,46433],{"className":77,"code":46432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46434,46435,46453,46471,46475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46436,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46438,46309],{"class":90},[84,46440,95],{"class":94},[84,46442,9081],{"class":133},[84,46444,137],{"class":98},[84,46446,3711],{"class":185},[84,46448,46324],{"class":189},[84,46450,3711],{"class":185},[84,46452,150],{"class":98},[84,46454,46455,46457,46459,46461,46463,46465,46467,46469],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46456,46333],{"class":90},[84,46458,95],{"class":94},[84,46460,9081],{"class":133},[84,46462,137],{"class":98},[84,46464,3711],{"class":185},[84,46466,46348],{"class":189},[84,46468,3711],{"class":185},[84,46470,150],{"class":98},[84,46472,46473],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46474,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46488],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,46478,156],{"class":133},[84,46480,137],{"class":98},[84,46482,46309],{"class":146},[84,46484,847],{"class":94},[84,46486,46487],{"class":146}," num2",[84,46489,150],{"class":98},[20,46491,30871],{},[75,46493,46495],{"className":77,"code":46494,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46496,46497,46505,46513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46498,46499,46501,46503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46500,46402],{"class":90},[84,46502,3743],{"class":98},[84,46504,643],{"class":102},[84,46506,46507,46509,46511],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46508,46411],{"class":90},[84,46510,3743],{"class":98},[84,46512,3432],{"class":102},[84,46514,46515],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46516,46517],{"class":102},"23\n",[20,46519,46520,46521,46524,46525,307],{},"That happens because ",[15,46522,46523],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46526,46527],{},"\"23\"",[45734,46529],{},[70,46531,46533],{"id":46532},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46535,46536,46537,307],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46538,3817],{},[995,46540,5551,46542,42360],{"id":46541},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46543,3817],{},[20,46545,40023],{},[75,46547,46549],{"className":77,"code":46548,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46550,46551,46569],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46552,46553,46555,46557,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46554,3304],{"class":90},[84,46556,95],{"class":94},[84,46558,9081],{"class":133},[84,46560,137],{"class":98},[84,46562,3711],{"class":185},[84,46564,42689],{"class":189},[84,46566,3711],{"class":185},[84,46568,150],{"class":98},[84,46570,46571,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46572,156],{"class":133},[84,46574,137],{"class":98},[84,46576,2624],{"class":140},[84,46578,137],{"class":98},[84,46580,3329],{"class":146},[84,46582,169],{"class":98},[20,46584,172],{},[75,46586,46588],{"className":77,"code":46587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46589,46590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46591,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46593,1251],{"class":94},[84,46595,4152],{"class":614},[84,46597,196],{"class":185},[84,46599,141],{"class":189},[84,46601,186],{"class":185},[84,46603,1270],{"class":94},[20,46605,46606],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[995,46608,46610],{"id":46609},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46612,46613],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[75,46615,46617],{"className":77,"code":46616,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46618,46619,46637,46656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46620,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631,46633,46635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46622,3410],{"class":90},[84,46624,95],{"class":94},[84,46626,9081],{"class":133},[84,46628,137],{"class":98},[84,46630,3711],{"class":185},[84,46632,42689],{"class":189},[84,46634,3711],{"class":185},[84,46636,150],{"class":98},[84,46638,46639,46641,46643,46645,46647,46649,46652,46654],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46640,3437],{"class":90},[84,46642,95],{"class":94},[84,46644,9081],{"class":133},[84,46646,137],{"class":98},[84,46648,3711],{"class":185},[84,46650,46651],{"class":189},"Enter another number: ",[84,46653,3711],{"class":185},[84,46655,150],{"class":98},[84,46657,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666,46668],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46659,156],{"class":133},[84,46661,137],{"class":98},[84,46663,3410],{"class":146},[84,46665,847],{"class":94},[84,46667,835],{"class":146},[84,46669,150],{"class":98},[20,46671,41938,46672,5241,46674,46676,46677,19805,46680,307],{},[15,46673,217],{},[15,46675,3000],{},", the result is ",[15,46678,46679],{},"45",[15,46681,3008],{},[995,46683,46685,46686,46688,46689],{"id":46684},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46687,41521],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46690,3735],{},[20,46692,814],{},[75,46694,46696],{"className":77,"code":46695,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46697,46698],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46699,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46701,22471],{"class":90},[84,46703,95],{"class":94},[84,46705,46094],{"class":140},[84,46707,137],{"class":98},[84,46709,43280],{"class":133},[84,46711,137],{"class":98},[84,46713,3711],{"class":185},[84,46715,45998],{"class":189},[84,46717,3711],{"class":185},[84,46719,169],{"class":98},[20,46721,9110,46722,46725,46726,307],{},[15,46723,46724],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46727,41521],{},[20,46729,46730,46731,307],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[303,46732,46734],{"href":46733},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[995,46736,46738],{"id":46737},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46740,46741],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[75,46743,46745],{"className":77,"code":46744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46746,46747,46765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46748,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46750,8716],{"class":90},[84,46752,95],{"class":94},[84,46754,9081],{"class":133},[84,46756,137],{"class":98},[84,46758,3711],{"class":185},[84,46760,45704],{"class":189},[84,46762,3711],{"class":185},[84,46764,150],{"class":98},[84,46766,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46768,156],{"class":133},[84,46770,137],{"class":98},[84,46772,42597],{"class":133},[84,46774,137],{"class":98},[84,46776,8508],{"class":146},[84,46778,169],{"class":98},[20,46780,46781],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46783,46784,46785,3743],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46786,46787],{},".strip()",[75,46789,46791],{"className":77,"code":46790,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46792,46793,46815],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46794,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46796,8716],{"class":90},[84,46798,95],{"class":94},[84,46800,9081],{"class":133},[84,46802,137],{"class":98},[84,46804,3711],{"class":185},[84,46806,45704],{"class":189},[84,46808,3711],{"class":185},[84,46810,9470],{"class":98},[84,46812,9473],{"class":146},[84,46814,9482],{"class":98},[84,46816,46817,46819,46821,46823],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46818,156],{"class":133},[84,46820,137],{"class":98},[84,46822,8508],{"class":146},[84,46824,150],{"class":98},[45734,46826],{},[70,46828,46830],{"id":46829},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46832,46833,46834,46836],{},"These habits make ",[15,46835,3817],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,46838,46839,46842,46847,46850],{},[33,46840,46841],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,46843,224,46844,46846],{},[15,46845,46787],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,46848,46849],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,46851,224,46852,46854],{},[15,46853,30623],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46856,46857,46858,3743],{},"Example with ",[15,46859,46787],{},[75,46861,46863],{"className":77,"code":46862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46864,46865,46889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46866,46867,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46881,46883,46885,46887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46868,46869],{"class":90},"city ",[84,46871,95],{"class":94},[84,46873,9081],{"class":133},[84,46875,137],{"class":98},[84,46877,3711],{"class":185},[84,46879,46880],{"class":189},"Enter your city: ",[84,46882,3711],{"class":185},[84,46884,9470],{"class":98},[84,46886,9473],{"class":146},[84,46888,9482],{"class":98},[84,46890,46891,46893,46895,46897,46900,46902,46904,46906],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46892,156],{"class":133},[84,46894,137],{"class":98},[84,46896,3711],{"class":185},[84,46898,46899],{"class":189},"City:",[84,46901,3711],{"class":185},[84,46903,106],{"class":98},[84,46905,32226],{"class":146},[84,46907,150],{"class":98},[20,46909,46857,46910,3743],{},[15,46911,30623],{},[75,46913,46915],{"className":77,"code":46914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46916,46917,46923,46946,46978,46986],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,46918,46919,46921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,46920,30645],{"class":633},[84,46922,1440],{"class":98},[84,46924,46925,46928,46930,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,46926,46927],{"class":90},"    age ",[84,46929,95],{"class":94},[84,46931,46094],{"class":140},[84,46933,137],{"class":98},[84,46935,43280],{"class":133},[84,46937,137],{"class":98},[84,46939,3711],{"class":185},[84,46941,45998],{"class":189},[84,46943,3711],{"class":185},[84,46945,169],{"class":98},[84,46947,46948,46950,46952,46954,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46974,46976],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,46949,1445],{"class":133},[84,46951,137],{"class":98},[84,46953,3711],{"class":185},[84,46955,46956],{"class":189},"You will be",[84,46958,3711],{"class":185},[84,46960,106],{"class":98},[84,46962,46276],{"class":146},[84,46964,847],{"class":94},[84,46966,6341],{"class":102},[84,46968,106],{"class":98},[84,46970,4211],{"class":185},[84,46972,46973],{"class":189},"next year",[84,46975,3711],{"class":185},[84,46977,150],{"class":98},[84,46979,46980,46982,46984],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,46981,30676],{"class":633},[84,46983,42744],{"class":140},[84,46985,1440],{"class":98},[84,46987,46988,46990,46992,46994,46997,46999],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,46989,1445],{"class":133},[84,46991,137],{"class":98},[84,46993,3711],{"class":185},[84,46995,46996],{"class":189},"Please enter a whole number.",[84,46998,3711],{"class":185},[84,47000,150],{"class":98},[20,47002,47003],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,47005,47006,47007,307],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[303,47008,47010],{"href":47009},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45734,47012],{},[70,47014,3686],{"id":3685},[20,47016,47017,47018,3743],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,47019,3817],{},[30,47021,47022,47029,47032,47035],{},[33,47023,47024,47025,3736,47027],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,47026,3735],{},[15,47028,3742],{},[33,47030,47031],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,47033,47034],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,47036,47037],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,47039,32924],{},[75,47041,47043],{"className":77,"code":47042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,47044,47045,47055,47069],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47046,47047,47049,47051,47053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47048,156],{"class":133},[84,47050,137],{"class":98},[84,47052,3329],{"class":146},[84,47054,150],{"class":98},[84,47056,47057,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47058,156],{"class":133},[84,47060,137],{"class":98},[84,47062,2624],{"class":140},[84,47064,137],{"class":98},[84,47066,3329],{"class":146},[84,47068,169],{"class":98},[84,47070,47071,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47072,156],{"class":133},[84,47074,137],{"class":98},[84,47076,42597],{"class":133},[84,47078,137],{"class":98},[84,47080,3329],{"class":146},[84,47082,169],{"class":98},[20,47084,47085,47086,47088],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,47087,3817],{}," actually returned:",[30,47090,47091,47096,47101],{},[33,47092,47093,47095],{},[15,47094,42645],{}," shows the value",[33,47097,47098,47100],{},[15,47099,42651],{}," shows the data type",[33,47102,47103,47105],{},[15,47104,42656],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,47107,814],{},[75,47109,47111],{"className":77,"code":47110,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,47112,47113,47132,47142,47156],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47114,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47128,47130],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47116,3304],{"class":90},[84,47118,95],{"class":94},[84,47120,9081],{"class":133},[84,47122,137],{"class":98},[84,47124,3711],{"class":185},[84,47126,47127],{"class":189},"Enter something: ",[84,47129,3711],{"class":185},[84,47131,150],{"class":98},[84,47133,47134,47136,47138,47140],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47135,156],{"class":133},[84,47137,137],{"class":98},[84,47139,3329],{"class":146},[84,47141,150],{"class":98},[84,47143,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47145,156],{"class":133},[84,47147,137],{"class":98},[84,47149,2624],{"class":140},[84,47151,137],{"class":98},[84,47153,3329],{"class":146},[84,47155,169],{"class":98},[84,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,47159,156],{"class":133},[84,47161,137],{"class":98},[84,47163,42597],{"class":133},[84,47165,137],{"class":98},[84,47167,3329],{"class":146},[84,47169,169],{"class":98},[45734,47171],{},[70,47173,2694],{"id":2693},[995,47175,2698,47177,47179],{"id":47176},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,47178,3817],{}," return an integer?",[20,47181,47182,47183,47185,47186,40749],{},"No. ",[15,47184,3817],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,47187,3735],{},[995,47189,47191,47192,3348],{"id":47190},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,47193,3817],{},[20,47195,47196,47197,47199],{},"No. You can call ",[15,47198,3817],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[995,47201,6003,47203,47206,47207,3348],{"id":47202},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,47204,47205],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,47208,3817],{},[20,47210,29902,47211,47213,47214,551,47216,47218],{},[15,47212,3817],{}," returns strings. ",[15,47215,46523],{},[15,47217,46527],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[995,47220,47222],{"id":47221},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,47224,224,47225,47227,47228,307],{},[15,47226,46787],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,47229,47230],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45734,47232],{},[70,47234,2751],{"id":2750},[30,47236,47237,47242,47246,47252,47258,47262],{},[33,47238,47239],{},[303,47240,47241],{"href":47009},"How to get user input in Python",[33,47243,47244],{},[303,47245,9897],{"href":9819},[33,47247,47248],{},[303,47249,13,47250,591],{"href":3732},[15,47251,3735],{},[33,47253,47254],{},[303,47255,13,47256,591],{"href":3739},[15,47257,3742],{},[33,47259,47260],{},[303,47261,46734],{"href":46733},[33,47263,47264],{},[303,47265,13,47267,591],{"href":47266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,47268,47269],{},"print()",[2785,47271,47272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":47274},[47275,47276,47278,47279,47281,47287,47295,47296,47297,47306],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":45738,"depth":125,"text":47277},"What input() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":45967,"depth":125,"text":47280},"What input() returns",{"id":46170,"depth":125,"text":46171,"children":47282},[47283,47284,47286],{"id":46174,"depth":153,"text":46175},{"id":46227,"depth":153,"text":47285},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46298,"depth":153,"text":46299},{"id":46532,"depth":125,"text":46533,"children":47288},[47289,47291,47292,47294],{"id":46541,"depth":153,"text":47290},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46609,"depth":153,"text":46610},{"id":46684,"depth":153,"text":47293},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46737,"depth":153,"text":46738},{"id":46829,"depth":125,"text":46830},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":47298},[47299,47301,47303,47305],{"id":47176,"depth":153,"text":47300},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":47190,"depth":153,"text":47302},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":47202,"depth":153,"text":47304},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47221,"depth":153,"text":47222},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":43011,"description":47307},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47314,"title":42914,"body":47315,"description":49625,"extension":2830,"meta":49626,"navigation":472,"path":49627,"seo":49628,"stem":49629,"__hash__":49630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47316,"toc":49577},[47317,47322,47327,47332,47353,47356,47358,47418,47420,47438,47443,47448,47453,47455,47468,47470,47553,47555,47596,47602,47604,47634,47640,47643,47660,47662,47714,47716,47733,47739,47745,47748,47766,47768,47841,47843,47862,47869,47875,47880,47883,47943,47945,47964,47967,47970,47985,47991,47995,48056,48058,48079,48083,48212,48214,48344,48354,48360,48366,48374,48440,48442,48467,48470,48487,48499,48505,48508,48541,48543,48556,48559,48602,48604,48612,48619,48623,48630,48634,48661,48663,48671,48677,48694,48699,48703,48730,48732,48740,48744,48749,48752,48778,48781,48790,48798,48802,48812,48816,48819,48821,48872,48874,48904,48914,48941,48943,48951,48961,48965,48968,48970,49018,49020,49064,49070,49121,49123,49142,49147,49152,49155,49174,49177,49229,49231,49240,49242,49246,49250,49253,49262,49269,49271,49298,49302,49304,49313,49316,49323,49329,49389,49393,49395,49403,49406,49432,49438,49441,49461,49463,49472,49480,49482,49488,49493,49500,49510,49516,49524,49528,49531,49533,49574],[10,47318,13,47320,18],{"id":47319},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47321,3735],{},[20,47323,33159,47324,47326],{},[15,47325,3735],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47328,36242,47329,47331],{},[15,47330,3735],{}," when they want to:",[30,47333,47334,47344,47347,47350],{},[33,47335,47336,47337,47340,47341],{},"turn text like ",[15,47338,47339],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47342,47343],{},"42",[33,47345,47346],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,47348,47349],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,47351,47352],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47354,47355],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[70,47357,73],{"id":72},[75,47359,47361],{"className":77,"code":47360,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47362,47363,47381,47395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47364,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47366,156],{"class":133},[84,47368,137],{"class":98},[84,47370,365],{"class":140},[84,47372,137],{"class":98},[84,47374,3711],{"class":185},[84,47376,47343],{"class":189},[84,47378,3711],{"class":185},[84,47380,169],{"class":98},[84,47382,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47384,156],{"class":133},[84,47386,137],{"class":98},[84,47388,365],{"class":140},[84,47390,137],{"class":98},[84,47392,42802],{"class":102},[84,47394,169],{"class":98},[84,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47410,47412,47414,47416],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47398,156],{"class":133},[84,47400,137],{"class":98},[84,47402,365],{"class":140},[84,47404,137],{"class":98},[84,47406,3711],{"class":185},[84,47408,47409],{"class":189},"101",[84,47411,3711],{"class":185},[84,47413,106],{"class":98},[84,47415,109],{"class":102},[84,47417,169],{"class":98},[20,47419,172],{},[75,47421,47423],{"className":77,"code":47422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47424,47425,47430,47434],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47426,47427],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47428,47429],{"class":102},"42\n",[84,47431,47432],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47433,1474],{"class":102},[84,47435,47436],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47437,3806],{"class":102},[20,47439,224,47440,47442],{},[15,47441,3735],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[70,47444,235,47446,238],{"id":47445},"what-int-does",[15,47447,3735],{},[20,47449,47450,47452],{},[15,47451,3735],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47454,13895],{},[30,47456,47457,47462,47465],{},[33,47458,47459,47460,8179],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47461,365],{},[33,47463,47464],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,47466,47467],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47469,814],{},[75,47471,47473],{"className":77,"code":47472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47474,47475,47487,47501,47505,47515,47525,47539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47476,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47478,35526],{"class":90},[84,47480,95],{"class":94},[84,47482,4211],{"class":185},[84,47484,10033],{"class":189},[84,47486,4217],{"class":185},[84,47488,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47490,3076],{"class":90},[84,47492,95],{"class":94},[84,47494,46094],{"class":140},[84,47496,137],{"class":98},[84,47498,35547],{"class":146},[84,47500,150],{"class":98},[84,47502,47503],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47504,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,47506,47507,47509,47511,47513],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,47508,156],{"class":133},[84,47510,137],{"class":98},[84,47512,35547],{"class":146},[84,47514,150],{"class":98},[84,47516,47517,47519,47521,47523],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,47518,156],{"class":133},[84,47520,137],{"class":98},[84,47522,3098],{"class":146},[84,47524,150],{"class":98},[84,47526,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,47528,156],{"class":133},[84,47530,137],{"class":98},[84,47532,2624],{"class":140},[84,47534,137],{"class":98},[84,47536,35547],{"class":146},[84,47538,169],{"class":98},[84,47540,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,47542,156],{"class":133},[84,47544,137],{"class":98},[84,47546,2624],{"class":140},[84,47548,137],{"class":98},[84,47550,3098],{"class":146},[84,47552,169],{"class":98},[20,47554,172],{},[75,47556,47558],{"className":77,"code":47557,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47559,47560,47564,47568,47582],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47561,47562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47563,3564],{"class":102},[84,47565,47566],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47567,3564],{"class":102},[84,47569,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47571,1251],{"class":94},[84,47573,4152],{"class":614},[84,47575,196],{"class":185},[84,47577,141],{"class":189},[84,47579,186],{"class":185},[84,47581,1270],{"class":94},[84,47583,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,47585,1251],{"class":94},[84,47587,4152],{"class":614},[84,47589,196],{"class":185},[84,47591,365],{"class":189},[84,47593,186],{"class":185},[84,47595,1270],{"class":94},[20,47597,47598,47599,47601],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47600,3735],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[70,47603,311],{"id":310},[75,47605,47607],{"className":77,"code":47606,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47608,47609,47619],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47610,47611,47613,47615,47617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47612,365],{"class":140},[84,47614,137],{"class":98},[84,47616,625],{"class":146},[84,47618,150],{"class":98},[84,47620,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629,47632],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47622,365],{"class":140},[84,47624,137],{"class":98},[84,47626,625],{"class":146},[84,47628,106],{"class":98},[84,47630,47631],{"class":146}," base",[84,47633,150],{"class":98},[995,47635,47637],{"id":47636},"intx",[15,47638,47639],{},"int(x)",[20,47641,47642],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,47644,47645,47650,47655],{},[33,47646,47647,47648],{},"a string such as ",[15,47649,42944],{},[33,47651,47652,47653],{},"a float such as ",[15,47654,42802],{},[33,47656,47657,47658],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47659,4459],{},[20,47661,814],{},[75,47663,47665],{"className":77,"code":47664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47666,47667,47685,47700],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47668,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47670,156],{"class":133},[84,47672,137],{"class":98},[84,47674,365],{"class":140},[84,47676,137],{"class":98},[84,47678,3711],{"class":185},[84,47680,437],{"class":189},[84,47682,3711],{"class":185},[84,47684,169],{"class":98},[84,47686,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47698],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47688,156],{"class":133},[84,47690,137],{"class":98},[84,47692,365],{"class":140},[84,47694,137],{"class":98},[84,47696,47697],{"class":102},"8.7",[84,47699,169],{"class":98},[84,47701,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47703,156],{"class":133},[84,47705,137],{"class":98},[84,47707,365],{"class":140},[84,47709,137],{"class":98},[84,47711,4459],{"class":4704},[84,47713,169],{"class":98},[20,47715,172],{},[75,47717,47719],{"className":77,"code":47718,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47720,47721,47725,47729],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47722,47723],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47724,3233],{"class":102},[84,47726,47727],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47728,3238],{"class":102},[84,47730,47731],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47732,1464],{"class":102},[995,47734,47736],{"id":47735},"intx-base",[15,47737,47738],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47740,47741,47742,47744],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47743,625],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47746,47747],{},"Common bases:",[30,47749,47750,47755,47760],{},[33,47751,47752,47754],{},[15,47753,199],{}," for binary",[33,47756,47757,47759],{},[15,47758,797],{}," for octal",[33,47761,47762,47765],{},[15,47763,47764],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47767,814],{},[75,47769,47771],{"className":77,"code":47770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47772,47773,47795,47818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47774,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47776,156],{"class":133},[84,47778,137],{"class":98},[84,47780,365],{"class":140},[84,47782,137],{"class":98},[84,47784,3711],{"class":185},[84,47786,47409],{"class":189},[84,47788,3711],{"class":185},[84,47790,106],{"class":98},[84,47792,109],{"class":102},[84,47794,169],{"class":98},[84,47796,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805,47807,47810,47812,47814,47816],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47798,156],{"class":133},[84,47800,137],{"class":98},[84,47802,365],{"class":140},[84,47804,137],{"class":98},[84,47806,3711],{"class":185},[84,47808,47809],{"class":189},"17",[84,47811,3711],{"class":185},[84,47813,106],{"class":98},[84,47815,738],{"class":102},[84,47817,169],{"class":98},[84,47819,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47833,47835,47837,47839],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47821,156],{"class":133},[84,47823,137],{"class":98},[84,47825,365],{"class":140},[84,47827,137],{"class":98},[84,47829,3711],{"class":185},[84,47831,47832],{"class":189},"1A",[84,47834,3711],{"class":185},[84,47836,106],{"class":98},[84,47838,14832],{"class":102},[84,47840,169],{"class":98},[20,47842,172],{},[75,47844,47846],{"className":77,"code":47845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47847,47848,47852,47857],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47849,47850],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47851,3806],{"class":102},[84,47853,47854],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47855,47856],{"class":102},"15\n",[84,47858,47859],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47860,47861],{"class":102},"26\n",[20,47863,47864,47865,307],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[303,47866,47867,3161],{"href":3739},[15,47868,3742],{},[70,47870,595,47872,47874],{"id":47871},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47873,3735],{}," with strings",[20,47876,47877,47879],{},[15,47878,3735],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47881,47882],{},"Examples that work:",[75,47884,47886],{"className":77,"code":47885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47887,47888,47906,47924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47889,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47891,156],{"class":133},[84,47893,137],{"class":98},[84,47895,365],{"class":140},[84,47897,137],{"class":98},[84,47899,3711],{"class":185},[84,47901,3000],{"class":189},[84,47903,3711],{"class":185},[84,47905,169],{"class":98},[84,47907,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47909,156],{"class":133},[84,47911,137],{"class":98},[84,47913,365],{"class":140},[84,47915,137],{"class":98},[84,47917,3711],{"class":185},[84,47919,3150],{"class":189},[84,47921,3711],{"class":185},[84,47923,169],{"class":98},[84,47925,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934,47936,47939,47941],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47927,156],{"class":133},[84,47929,137],{"class":98},[84,47931,365],{"class":140},[84,47933,137],{"class":98},[84,47935,3711],{"class":185},[84,47937,47938],{"class":189},"  42  ",[84,47940,3711],{"class":185},[84,47942,169],{"class":98},[20,47944,172],{},[75,47946,47948],{"className":77,"code":47947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47949,47950,47954,47960],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47951,47952],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47953,3806],{"class":102},[84,47955,47956,47958],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47957,2888],{"class":94},[84,47959,3084],{"class":102},[84,47961,47962],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,47963,47429],{"class":102},[20,47965,47966],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47968,47969],{},"Examples that fail:",[75,47971,47973],{"className":77,"code":47972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47974,47975,47980],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,47976,47977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,47978,47979],{"class":4517},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[84,47981,47982],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,47983,47984],{"class":4517},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47986,47987,47988,47990],{},"These raise ",[15,47989,41521],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[995,47992,47994],{"id":47993},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[75,47996,47998],{"className":77,"code":47997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47999,48000,48018,48037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48001,48002,48004,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48003,156],{"class":133},[84,48005,137],{"class":98},[84,48007,365],{"class":140},[84,48009,137],{"class":98},[84,48011,3711],{"class":185},[84,48013,2983],{"class":189},[84,48015,3711],{"class":185},[84,48017,169],{"class":98},[84,48019,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028,48030,48033,48035],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48021,156],{"class":133},[84,48023,137],{"class":98},[84,48025,365],{"class":140},[84,48027,137],{"class":98},[84,48029,3711],{"class":185},[84,48031,48032],{"class":189},"+7",[84,48034,3711],{"class":185},[84,48036,169],{"class":98},[84,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48052,48054],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48040,156],{"class":133},[84,48042,137],{"class":98},[84,48044,365],{"class":140},[84,48046,137],{"class":98},[84,48048,3711],{"class":185},[84,48050,48051],{"class":189},"-100",[84,48053,3711],{"class":185},[84,48055,169],{"class":98},[20,48057,172],{},[75,48059,48061],{"className":77,"code":48060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,48062,48063,48068,48072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48064,48065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48066,48067],{"class":102},"0\n",[84,48069,48070],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48071,2943],{"class":102},[84,48073,48074,48076],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48075,2888],{"class":94},[84,48077,48078],{"class":102},"100\n",[995,48080,48082],{"id":48081},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[75,48084,48086],{"className":77,"code":48085,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,48087,48088,48126,48130,48142,48149,48164,48179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48089,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48122,48124],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48091,1777],{"class":90},[84,48093,95],{"class":94},[84,48095,99],{"class":98},[84,48097,3711],{"class":185},[84,48099,40960],{"class":189},[84,48101,3711],{"class":185},[84,48103,106],{"class":98},[84,48105,4211],{"class":185},[84,48107,48108],{"class":189},"12abc",[84,48110,3711],{"class":185},[84,48112,106],{"class":98},[84,48114,6968],{"class":185},[84,48116,106],{"class":98},[84,48118,4211],{"class":185},[84,48120,48121],{"class":189},"seven",[84,48123,3711],{"class":185},[84,48125,122],{"class":98},[84,48127,48128],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48129,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48133,1428],{"class":633},[84,48135,22427],{"class":90},[84,48137,1434],{"class":633},[84,48139,406],{"class":90},[84,48141,1440],{"class":98},[84,48143,48144,48147],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48145,48146],{"class":633},"    try",[84,48148,1440],{"class":98},[84,48150,48151,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,48152,48153],{"class":133},"        print",[84,48155,137],{"class":98},[84,48157,365],{"class":140},[84,48159,137],{"class":98},[84,48161,3329],{"class":146},[84,48163,169],{"class":98},[84,48165,48166,48169,48171,48174,48177],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,48167,48168],{"class":633},"    except",[84,48170,42744],{"class":140},[84,48172,48173],{"class":633}," as",[84,48175,48176],{"class":90}," error",[84,48178,1440],{"class":98},[84,48180,48181,48183,48185,48187,48189,48191,48193,48196,48198,48201,48203,48206,48208,48210],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,48182,48153],{"class":133},[84,48184,137],{"class":98},[84,48186,23137],{"class":614},[84,48188,3711],{"class":189},[84,48190,10118],{"class":102},[84,48192,3329],{"class":146},[84,48194,48195],{"class":614},"!r",[84,48197,23146],{"class":102},[84,48199,48200],{"class":189}," -> ",[84,48202,10118],{"class":102},[84,48204,48205],{"class":146},"error",[84,48207,23146],{"class":102},[84,48209,3711],{"class":189},[84,48211,150],{"class":98},[20,48213,172],{},[75,48215,48217],{"className":77,"code":48216,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,48218,48219,48255,48287,48312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48220,48221,48223,48225,48227,48230,48233,48235,48237,48239,48242,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48222,186],{"class":44146},[84,48224,40960],{"class":44150},[84,48226,186],{"class":44146},[84,48228,48229],{"class":1262}," ->",[84,48231,48232],{"class":90}," invalid literal ",[84,48234,1428],{"class":633},[84,48236,46094],{"class":140},[84,48238,8205],{"class":98},[84,48240,48241],{"class":633}," with",[84,48243,48244],{"class":90}," base ",[84,48246,437],{"class":102},[84,48248,3743],{"class":98},[84,48250,196],{"class":185},[84,48252,40960],{"class":189},[84,48254,30541],{"class":185},[84,48256,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48281,48283,48285],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48258,186],{"class":185},[84,48260,48108],{"class":189},[84,48262,186],{"class":185},[84,48264,48229],{"class":1262},[84,48266,48232],{"class":90},[84,48268,1428],{"class":633},[84,48270,46094],{"class":140},[84,48272,8205],{"class":98},[84,48274,48241],{"class":633},[84,48276,48244],{"class":90},[84,48278,437],{"class":102},[84,48280,3743],{"class":98},[84,48282,196],{"class":185},[84,48284,48108],{"class":189},[84,48286,30541],{"class":185},[84,48288,48289,48291,48293,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48290,4625],{"class":185},[84,48292,48229],{"class":1262},[84,48294,48232],{"class":90},[84,48296,1428],{"class":633},[84,48298,46094],{"class":140},[84,48300,8205],{"class":98},[84,48302,48241],{"class":633},[84,48304,48244],{"class":90},[84,48306,437],{"class":102},[84,48308,3743],{"class":98},[84,48310,48311],{"class":185}," ''\n",[84,48313,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48315,186],{"class":185},[84,48317,48121],{"class":189},[84,48319,186],{"class":185},[84,48321,48229],{"class":1262},[84,48323,48232],{"class":90},[84,48325,1428],{"class":633},[84,48327,46094],{"class":140},[84,48329,8205],{"class":98},[84,48331,48241],{"class":633},[84,48333,48244],{"class":90},[84,48335,437],{"class":102},[84,48337,3743],{"class":98},[84,48339,196],{"class":185},[84,48341,48121],{"class":189},[84,48343,30541],{"class":185},[20,48345,48346,48347,48349,48350,307],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[303,48348,9820],{"href":9819}," and the ",[303,48351,48352,3161],{"href":9058},[15,48353,3817],{},[70,48355,595,48357,48359],{"id":48356},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48358,3735],{}," with floats",[20,48361,48362,48363,48365],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48364,3735],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48367,48368,48369,51,48371,48373],{},"Important: ",[15,48370,3735],{},[53,48372,55],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[75,48375,48377],{"className":77,"code":48376,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48378,48379,48393,48408,48424],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48380,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389,48391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48382,156],{"class":133},[84,48384,137],{"class":98},[84,48386,365],{"class":140},[84,48388,137],{"class":98},[84,48390,42802],{"class":102},[84,48392,169],{"class":98},[84,48394,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48406],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48396,156],{"class":133},[84,48398,137],{"class":98},[84,48400,365],{"class":140},[84,48402,137],{"class":98},[84,48404,48405],{"class":102},"3.1",[84,48407,169],{"class":98},[84,48409,48410,48412,48414,48416,48418,48420,48422],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48411,156],{"class":133},[84,48413,137],{"class":98},[84,48415,365],{"class":140},[84,48417,137],{"class":98},[84,48419,2888],{"class":94},[84,48421,42802],{"class":102},[84,48423,169],{"class":98},[84,48425,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48427,156],{"class":133},[84,48429,137],{"class":98},[84,48431,365],{"class":140},[84,48433,137],{"class":98},[84,48435,2888],{"class":94},[84,48437,48405],{"class":102},[84,48439,169],{"class":98},[20,48441,172],{},[75,48443,48445],{"className":77,"code":48444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48446,48447,48451,48455,48461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48448,48449],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48450,1474],{"class":102},[84,48452,48453],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48454,1474],{"class":102},[84,48456,48457,48459],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48458,2888],{"class":94},[84,48460,1474],{"class":102},[84,48462,48463,48465],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48464,2888],{"class":94},[84,48466,1474],{"class":102},[20,48468,48469],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,48471,48472,48479],{},[33,48473,48474,551,48477],{},[15,48475,48476],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48478,208],{},[33,48480,48481,551,48484],{},[15,48482,48483],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48485,48486],{},"-3",[20,48488,48489,48490,48494,48495,307],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[303,48491,48492],{"href":3739},[15,48493,3742],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[303,48496,48497],{"href":42992},[15,48498,545],{},[70,48500,595,48502,48504],{"id":48501},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48503,3735],{}," with booleans",[20,48506,48507],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[75,48509,48511],{"className":77,"code":48510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48512,48513,48527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48514,48515,48517,48519,48521,48523,48525],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48516,156],{"class":133},[84,48518,137],{"class":98},[84,48520,365],{"class":140},[84,48522,137],{"class":98},[84,48524,4459],{"class":4704},[84,48526,169],{"class":98},[84,48528,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48530,156],{"class":133},[84,48532,137],{"class":98},[84,48534,365],{"class":140},[84,48536,137],{"class":98},[84,48538,4528],{"class":4704},[84,48540,169],{"class":98},[20,48542,172],{},[75,48544,48546],{"className":77,"code":48545,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n0\n",[15,48547,48548,48552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48549,48550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48551,1464],{"class":102},[84,48553,48554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48555,48067],{"class":102},[20,48557,48558],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[75,48560,48562],{"className":77,"code":48561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48563,48564,48573,48588,48592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48565,48566,48569,48571],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48567,48568],{"class":90},"passed ",[84,48570,95],{"class":94},[84,48572,7263],{"class":4704},[84,48574,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48586],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48576,42000],{"class":90},[84,48578,95],{"class":94},[84,48580,46094],{"class":140},[84,48582,137],{"class":98},[84,48584,48585],{"class":146},"passed",[84,48587,150],{"class":98},[84,48589,48590],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48591,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,48593,48594,48596,48598,48600],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48595,156],{"class":133},[84,48597,137],{"class":98},[84,48599,42029],{"class":146},[84,48601,150],{"class":98},[20,48603,172],{},[75,48605,48606],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48607,48608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48609,48610],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48611,1464],{"class":102},[20,48613,48614,48615,307],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[303,48616,48617,3161],{"href":6624},[15,48618,4665],{},[70,48620,48622],{"id":48621},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48624,48625,48626,48629],{},"Use the ",[15,48627,48628],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[995,48631,48633],{"id":48632},"binary-example","Binary example",[75,48635,48637],{"className":77,"code":48636,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48638,48639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48640,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48642,156],{"class":133},[84,48644,137],{"class":98},[84,48646,365],{"class":140},[84,48648,137],{"class":98},[84,48650,3711],{"class":185},[84,48652,47409],{"class":189},[84,48654,3711],{"class":185},[84,48656,106],{"class":98},[84,48658,109],{"class":102},[84,48660,169],{"class":98},[20,48662,172],{},[75,48664,48665],{"className":77,"code":3806,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48666,48667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48668,48669],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48670,3806],{"class":102},[20,48672,48673,48676],{},[15,48674,48675],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,48678,48679,48684,48689],{},[33,48680,48681],{},[15,48682,48683],{},"1 × 4",[33,48685,48686],{},[15,48687,48688],{},"0 × 2",[33,48690,48691],{},[15,48692,48693],{},"1 × 1",[20,48695,48696,48697,307],{},"So the result is ",[15,48698,3000],{},[995,48700,48702],{"id":48701},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[75,48704,48706],{"className":77,"code":48705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48707,48708],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48709,48710,48712,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48726,48728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48711,156],{"class":133},[84,48713,137],{"class":98},[84,48715,365],{"class":140},[84,48717,137],{"class":98},[84,48719,3711],{"class":185},[84,48721,47832],{"class":189},[84,48723,3711],{"class":185},[84,48725,106],{"class":98},[84,48727,14832],{"class":102},[84,48729,169],{"class":98},[20,48731,172],{},[75,48733,48734],{"className":77,"code":47861,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48735,48736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48737,48738],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48739,47861],{"class":102},[995,48741,48743],{"id":48742},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48745,2847,48746,48748],{},[15,48747,48628],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48750,48751],{},"Good:",[75,48753,48754],{"className":77,"code":48636,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48755,48756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48757,48758,48760,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770,48772,48774,48776],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48759,156],{"class":133},[84,48761,137],{"class":98},[84,48763,365],{"class":140},[84,48765,137],{"class":98},[84,48767,3711],{"class":185},[84,48769,47409],{"class":189},[84,48771,3711],{"class":185},[84,48773,106],{"class":98},[84,48775,109],{"class":102},[84,48777,169],{"class":98},[20,48779,48780],{},"Not correct:",[75,48782,48784],{"className":77,"code":48783,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48785,48786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48787,48788],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48789,48783],{"class":4517},[20,48791,48792,48793,9440,48795,48797],{},"That causes a ",[15,48794,3864],{},[15,48796,48628],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[70,48799,48801],{"id":48800},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48803,48804,48805,48807,48808,5241,48810,307],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48806,3735],{}," are ",[15,48809,41521],{},[15,48811,3864],{},[995,48813,48814],{"id":42331},[15,48815,41521],{},[20,48817,48818],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48820,814],{},[75,48822,48824],{"className":77,"code":48823,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48825,48826,48832,48850,48862],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48827,48828,48830],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48829,30645],{"class":633},[84,48831,1440],{"class":98},[84,48833,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846,48848],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48835,1445],{"class":133},[84,48837,137],{"class":98},[84,48839,365],{"class":140},[84,48841,137],{"class":98},[84,48843,3711],{"class":185},[84,48845,40960],{"class":189},[84,48847,3711],{"class":185},[84,48849,169],{"class":98},[84,48851,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48853,30676],{"class":633},[84,48855,42744],{"class":140},[84,48857,48173],{"class":633},[84,48859,48176],{"class":90},[84,48861,1440],{"class":98},[84,48863,48864,48866,48868,48870],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,48865,1445],{"class":133},[84,48867,137],{"class":98},[84,48869,48205],{"class":146},[84,48871,150],{"class":98},[20,48873,172],{},[75,48875,48877],{"className":77,"code":48876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48878,48879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48880,48881,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48882,48883],{"class":90},"invalid literal ",[84,48885,1428],{"class":633},[84,48887,46094],{"class":140},[84,48889,8205],{"class":98},[84,48891,48241],{"class":633},[84,48893,48244],{"class":90},[84,48895,437],{"class":102},[84,48897,3743],{"class":98},[84,48899,196],{"class":185},[84,48901,40960],{"class":189},[84,48903,30541],{"class":185},[20,48905,48906,48907,48910,48911,48913],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48908,48909],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48912,3735],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[75,48915,48917],{"className":77,"code":48916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48918,48919],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48920,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48922,156],{"class":133},[84,48924,137],{"class":98},[84,48926,365],{"class":140},[84,48928,137],{"class":98},[84,48930,3052],{"class":140},[84,48932,137],{"class":98},[84,48934,3711],{"class":185},[84,48936,40960],{"class":189},[84,48938,3711],{"class":185},[84,48940,3771],{"class":98},[20,48942,172],{},[75,48944,48945],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,48946,48947],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48948,48949],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48950,1474],{"class":102},[20,48952,48953,48954,5241,48957,307],{},"If you see this often, read ",[303,48955,48956],{"href":3821},"how to convert string to int in Python",[303,48958,26519,48959],{"href":46733},[15,48960,46734],{},[995,48962,48963],{"id":42397},[15,48964,3864],{},[20,48966,48967],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48969,814],{},[75,48971,48973],{"className":77,"code":48972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48974,48975,48981,48995,49008],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,48976,48977,48979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,48978,30645],{"class":633},[84,48980,1440],{"class":98},[84,48982,48983,48985,48987,48989,48991,48993],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,48984,1445],{"class":133},[84,48986,137],{"class":98},[84,48988,365],{"class":140},[84,48990,137],{"class":98},[84,48992,4630],{"class":4704},[84,48994,169],{"class":98},[84,48996,48997,48999,49002,49004,49006],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,48998,30676],{"class":633},[84,49000,49001],{"class":140}," TypeError",[84,49003,48173],{"class":633},[84,49005,48176],{"class":90},[84,49007,1440],{"class":98},[84,49009,49010,49012,49014,49016],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49011,1445],{"class":133},[84,49013,137],{"class":98},[84,49015,48205],{"class":146},[84,49017,150],{"class":98},[20,49019,172],{},[75,49021,49023],{"className":77,"code":49022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,49024,49025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49026,49027,49029,49031,49034,49036,49038,49041,49043,49046,49048,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49028,365],{"class":140},[84,49030,8205],{"class":98},[84,49032,49033],{"class":90}," argument must be a string",[84,49035,106],{"class":98},[84,49037,844],{"class":90},[84,49039,49040],{"class":140},"bytes",[84,49042,2888],{"class":94},[84,49044,49045],{"class":90},"like ",[84,49047,43216],{"class":140},[84,49049,49050],{"class":94}," or",[84,49052,41657],{"class":90},[84,49054,106],{"class":98},[84,49056,8938],{"class":94},[84,49058,196],{"class":185},[84,49060,49061],{"class":189},"NoneType",[84,49063,30541],{"class":185},[20,49065,49066,49067,49069],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,49068,48628],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[75,49071,49073],{"className":77,"code":49072,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49074,49075,49081,49099,49111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49076,49077,49079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49078,30645],{"class":633},[84,49080,1440],{"class":98},[84,49082,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49097],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49084,1445],{"class":133},[84,49086,137],{"class":98},[84,49088,365],{"class":140},[84,49090,137],{"class":98},[84,49092,47409],{"class":102},[84,49094,106],{"class":98},[84,49096,109],{"class":102},[84,49098,169],{"class":98},[84,49100,49101,49103,49105,49107,49109],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49102,30676],{"class":633},[84,49104,49001],{"class":140},[84,49106,48173],{"class":633},[84,49108,48176],{"class":90},[84,49110,1440],{"class":98},[84,49112,49113,49115,49117,49119],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49114,1445],{"class":133},[84,49116,137],{"class":98},[84,49118,48205],{"class":146},[84,49120,150],{"class":98},[20,49122,172],{},[75,49124,49126],{"className":77,"code":49125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,49127,49128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49129,49130,49132,49134,49137,49139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49131,365],{"class":140},[84,49133,8205],{"class":98},[84,49135,49136],{"class":90}," can",[84,49138,186],{"class":185},[84,49140,49141],{"class":189},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[70,49143,1741,49145],{"id":49144},"when-to-use-int",[15,49146,3735],{},[20,49148,224,49149,49151],{},[15,49150,3735],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,49153,49154],{},"Common uses:",[30,49156,49157,49163,49166,49169],{},[33,49158,49159,49160,49162],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,49161,3817],{}," into integers",[33,49164,49165],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,49167,49168],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,49170,49171,49172,37453],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,49173,48628],{},[20,49175,49176],{},"Example with user input:",[75,49178,49180],{"className":77,"code":49179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,49181,49182,49196,49211,49215],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49183,49184,49187,49189,49191,49194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49185,49186],{"class":90},"age_text ",[84,49188,95],{"class":94},[84,49190,4211],{"class":185},[84,49192,49193],{"class":189},"18",[84,49195,4217],{"class":185},[84,49197,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49209],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49199,22471],{"class":90},[84,49201,95],{"class":94},[84,49203,46094],{"class":140},[84,49205,137],{"class":98},[84,49207,49208],{"class":146},"age_text",[84,49210,150],{"class":98},[84,49212,49213],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49214,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,49216,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49218,156],{"class":133},[84,49220,137],{"class":98},[84,49222,22471],{"class":146},[84,49224,847],{"class":94},[84,49226,6341],{"class":102},[84,49228,150],{"class":98},[20,49230,172],{},[75,49232,49234],{"className":77,"code":49233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"19\n",[15,49235,49236],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49237,49238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49239,49233],{"class":102},[70,49241,3686],{"id":3685},[20,49243,15577,49244,307],{},[15,49245,3735],{},[995,49247,49249],{"id":49248},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,49251,49252],{},"This fails:",[75,49254,49256],{"className":77,"code":49255,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,49257,49258],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49259,49260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49261,49255],{"class":4517},[20,49263,49264,49265,49268],{},"Why: ",[15,49266,49267],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,49270,19682],{},[75,49272,49274],{"className":77,"code":49273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,49275,49276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49277,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49279,156],{"class":133},[84,49281,137],{"class":98},[84,49283,365],{"class":140},[84,49285,137],{"class":98},[84,49287,3052],{"class":140},[84,49289,137],{"class":98},[84,49291,3711],{"class":185},[84,49293,41941],{"class":189},[84,49295,3711],{"class":185},[84,49297,3771],{"class":98},[995,49299,49301],{"id":49300},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,49303,49252],{},[75,49305,49307],{"className":77,"code":49306,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,49308,49309],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49310,49311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49312,49306],{"class":4517},[20,49314,49315],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[995,49317,49319,49320],{"id":49318},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49321,49322],{},"int(None)",[20,49324,49325,49326,49328],{},"This fails because ",[15,49327,4630],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[75,49330,49332],{"className":77,"code":49331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49333,49334,49343,49347,49353,49367,49379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49335,49336,49338,49340],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49337,3304],{"class":90},[84,49339,95],{"class":94},[84,49341,49342],{"class":4704}," None\n",[84,49344,49345],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49346,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,49348,49349,49351],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49350,30645],{"class":633},[84,49352,1440],{"class":98},[84,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49356,1445],{"class":133},[84,49358,137],{"class":98},[84,49360,365],{"class":140},[84,49362,137],{"class":98},[84,49364,3329],{"class":146},[84,49366,169],{"class":98},[84,49368,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,49370,30676],{"class":633},[84,49372,49001],{"class":140},[84,49374,48173],{"class":633},[84,49376,48176],{"class":90},[84,49378,1440],{"class":98},[84,49380,49381,49383,49385,49387],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,49382,1445],{"class":133},[84,49384,137],{"class":98},[84,49386,48205],{"class":146},[84,49388,150],{"class":98},[995,49390,49392],{"id":49391},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49394,49252],{},[75,49396,49397],{"className":77,"code":48783,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49398,49399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49400,49401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49402,48783],{"class":4517},[20,49404,49405],{},"Use a string instead:",[75,49407,49408],{"className":77,"code":48636,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49409,49410],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49411,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49413,156],{"class":133},[84,49415,137],{"class":98},[84,49417,365],{"class":140},[84,49419,137],{"class":98},[84,49421,3711],{"class":185},[84,49423,47409],{"class":189},[84,49425,3711],{"class":185},[84,49427,106],{"class":98},[84,49429,109],{"class":102},[84,49431,169],{"class":98},[995,49433,9291,49435,49437],{"id":49434},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49436,3735],{}," to round",[20,49439,49440],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[75,49442,49444],{"className":77,"code":49443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49445,49446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49449,156],{"class":133},[84,49451,137],{"class":98},[84,49453,365],{"class":140},[84,49455,137],{"class":98},[84,49457,49458],{"class":102},"4.9",[84,49460,169],{"class":98},[20,49462,172],{},[75,49464,49466],{"className":77,"code":49465,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4\n",[15,49467,49468],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49469,49470],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49471,49465],{"class":102},[20,49473,4029,49474,49476,49477,49479],{},[15,49475,3000],{},", remember that ",[15,49478,3735],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[70,49481,2694],{"id":2693},[995,49483,2698,49485,49487],{"id":49484},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49486,3735],{}," round numbers?",[20,49489,47182,49490,49492],{},[15,49491,3735],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[995,49494,6003,49496,49499],{"id":49495},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49497,49498],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49501,29902,49502,49504,49505,49507,49508,40749],{},[15,49503,48909],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49506,3742],{}," first, then use ",[15,49509,3735],{},[995,49511,5987,49513,13558],{"id":49512},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49514,49515],{},"int(True)",[20,49517,5993,49518,29154,49520,551,49522,307],{},[15,49519,103],{},[15,49521,4528],{},[15,49523,2983],{},[995,49525,49527],{"id":49526},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49529,49530],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[70,49532,2751],{"id":2750},[30,49534,49535,49541,49547,49553,49558,49562,49568],{},[33,49536,49537],{},[303,49538,49539,591],{"href":3739},[15,49540,3742],{},[33,49542,49543],{},[303,49544,49545,591],{"href":42992},[15,49546,545],{},[33,49548,49549],{},[303,49550,49551,591],{"href":6624},[15,49552,4665],{},[33,49554,49555],{},[303,49556,49557],{"href":3821},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,49559,49560],{},[303,49561,9897],{"href":9819},[33,49563,49564],{},[303,49565,49566,591],{"href":9058},[15,49567,3817],{},[33,49569,49570],{},[303,49571,31189,49572],{"href":46733},[15,49573,46734],{},[2785,49575,49576],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":49578},[49579,49580,49582,49586,49591,49593,49595,49600,49604,49606,49615,49624],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":47445,"depth":125,"text":49581},"What int() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":49583},[49584,49585],{"id":47636,"depth":153,"text":47639},{"id":47735,"depth":153,"text":47738},{"id":47871,"depth":125,"text":49587,"children":49588},"Using int() with strings",[49589,49590],{"id":47993,"depth":153,"text":47994},{"id":48081,"depth":153,"text":48082},{"id":48356,"depth":125,"text":49592},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48501,"depth":125,"text":49594},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48621,"depth":125,"text":48622,"children":49596},[49597,49598,49599],{"id":48632,"depth":153,"text":48633},{"id":48701,"depth":153,"text":48702},{"id":48742,"depth":153,"text":48743},{"id":48800,"depth":125,"text":48801,"children":49601},[49602,49603],{"id":42331,"depth":153,"text":41521},{"id":42397,"depth":153,"text":3864},{"id":49144,"depth":125,"text":49605},"When to use int()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":49607},[49608,49609,49610,49612,49613],{"id":49248,"depth":153,"text":49249},{"id":49300,"depth":153,"text":49301},{"id":49318,"depth":153,"text":49611},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49391,"depth":153,"text":49392},{"id":49434,"depth":153,"text":49614},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":49616},[49617,49619,49621,49623],{"id":49484,"depth":153,"text":49618},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49495,"depth":153,"text":49620},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49512,"depth":153,"text":49622},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49526,"depth":153,"text":49527},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42914,"description":49625},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49632,"title":49633,"body":49634,"description":51470,"extension":2830,"meta":51471,"navigation":472,"path":45620,"seo":51472,"stem":51473,"__hash__":51474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49635,"toc":51426},[49636,49641,49646,49654,49663,49665,49724,49730,49735,49740,49743,49771,49774,49777,49788,49798,49800,49802,49822,49826,49854,49856,49895,49897,49905,49907,49910,49914,49967,49969,49981,49985,50042,50044,50056,50062,50068,50072,50075,50078,50144,50146,50158,50164,50166,50218,50221,50262,50265,50272,50281,50287,50290,50323,50329,50332,50363,50369,50372,50384,50388,50393,50397,50555,50557,50572,50575,50579,50683,50685,50702,50706,50767,50769,50777,50780,50784,50851,50853,50862,50868,50870,50879,50881,50916,50921,50923,50953,50957,50959,50996,50999,51001,51038,51044,51046,51096,51098,51106,51116,51122,51126,51131,51180,51182,51195,51198,51200,51203,51278,51281,51300,51303,51333,51343,51345,51350,51357,51363,51369,51376,51384,51390,51393,51395,51423],[10,49637,13,49639,18],{"id":49638},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49640,45623],{},[20,49642,49643,49645],{},[15,49644,45623],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49647,49648,49649,3736,49651,49653],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49650,4459],{},[15,49652,4528],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49655,49656,49657,49659,49660,49662],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49658,45623],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49661,3160],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[70,49664,4464],{"id":4463},[75,49666,49668],{"className":77,"code":49667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49669,49670,49678,49682,49703],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49671,49672,49674,49676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49673,3304],{"class":90},[84,49675,95],{"class":94},[84,49677,3442],{"class":102},[84,49679,49680],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49681,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,49683,49684,49686,49688,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49685,156],{"class":133},[84,49687,137],{"class":98},[84,49689,49690],{"class":133},"isinstance",[84,49692,137],{"class":98},[84,49694,3329],{"class":146},[84,49696,106],{"class":98},[84,49698,46094],{"class":140},[84,49700,6204],{"class":98},[84,49702,44673],{"class":4517},[84,49704,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49720,49722],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49706,156],{"class":133},[84,49708,137],{"class":98},[84,49710,49690],{"class":133},[84,49712,137],{"class":98},[84,49714,3329],{"class":146},[84,49716,106],{"class":98},[84,49718,49719],{"class":140}," str",[84,49721,6204],{"class":98},[84,49723,44690],{"class":4517},[20,49725,224,49726,49729],{},[15,49727,49728],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[70,49731,235,49733,238],{"id":49732},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49734,45623],{},[20,49736,49737,49739],{},[15,49738,45623],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49741,49742],{},"It:",[30,49744,49745,49748,49754,49757],{},[33,49746,49747],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,49749,12268,49750,3736,49752],{},[15,49751,4459],{},[15,49753,4528],{},[33,49755,49756],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,49758,49759,49760,362,49762,362,49764,362,49766,17912,49769],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49761,141],{},[15,49763,365],{},[15,49765,161],{},[15,49767,49768],{},"tuple",[15,49770,9661],{},[20,49772,49773],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49775,49776],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,49778,49779,49782,49785],{},[33,49780,49781],{},"loop through a list",[33,49783,49784],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,49786,49787],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49789,49790,49791,3736,49794,307],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[303,49792,45615],{"href":49793},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[303,49795,49797],{"href":49796},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[70,49799,311],{"id":310},[20,49801,3023],{},[75,49803,49805],{"className":77,"code":49804,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49806,49807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49808,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49810,49690],{"class":133},[84,49812,137],{"class":98},[84,49814,43216],{"class":140},[84,49816,106],{"class":98},[84,49818,49819],{"class":146}," classinfo",[84,49821,150],{"class":98},[995,49823,49825],{"id":49824},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,49827,49828,49833,49847],{},[33,49829,49830,49832],{},[15,49831,43216],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,49834,49835,49838,49839,362,49841,362,49843,366,49845],{},[15,49836,49837],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49840,365],{},[15,49842,141],{},[15,49844,161],{},[15,49846,9661],{},[33,49848,49849,49850,3736,49852],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49851,4459],{},[15,49853,4528],{},[20,49855,814],{},[75,49857,49859],{"className":77,"code":49858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49860,49861,49873,49877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49864,8716],{"class":90},[84,49866,95],{"class":94},[84,49868,4211],{"class":185},[84,49870,12352],{"class":189},[84,49872,4217],{"class":185},[84,49874,49875],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49876,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49880,156],{"class":133},[84,49882,137],{"class":98},[84,49884,49690],{"class":133},[84,49886,137],{"class":98},[84,49888,8508],{"class":146},[84,49890,106],{"class":98},[84,49892,49719],{"class":140},[84,49894,169],{"class":98},[20,49896,172],{},[75,49898,49899],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49900,49901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49902,49903],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49904,4828],{"class":4704},[70,49906,418],{"id":417},[20,49908,49909],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[995,49911,49913],{"id":49912},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[75,49915,49917],{"className":77,"code":49916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49918,49919,49927,49931,49949],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49920,49921,49923,49925],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49922,3304],{"class":90},[84,49924,95],{"class":94},[84,49926,46043],{"class":102},[84,49928,49929],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49930,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,49932,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,49934,156],{"class":133},[84,49936,137],{"class":98},[84,49938,49690],{"class":133},[84,49940,137],{"class":98},[84,49942,3329],{"class":146},[84,49944,106],{"class":98},[84,49946,46094],{"class":140},[84,49948,169],{"class":98},[84,49950,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,49952,156],{"class":133},[84,49954,137],{"class":98},[84,49956,49690],{"class":133},[84,49958,137],{"class":98},[84,49960,3329],{"class":146},[84,49962,106],{"class":98},[84,49964,49719],{"class":140},[84,49966,169],{"class":98},[20,49968,172],{},[75,49970,49971],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,49972,49973,49977],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49974,49975],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49976,4828],{"class":4704},[84,49978,49979],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,49980,4889],{"class":4704},[995,49982,49984],{"id":49983},"check-text","Check text",[75,49986,49988],{"className":77,"code":49987,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49989,49990,50002,50006,50024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,49991,49992,49994,49996,49998,50000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,49993,35526],{"class":90},[84,49995,95],{"class":94},[84,49997,4211],{"class":185},[84,49999,4697],{"class":189},[84,50001,4217],{"class":185},[84,50003,50004],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50005,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50009,156],{"class":133},[84,50011,137],{"class":98},[84,50013,49690],{"class":133},[84,50015,137],{"class":98},[84,50017,35547],{"class":146},[84,50019,106],{"class":98},[84,50021,49719],{"class":140},[84,50023,169],{"class":98},[84,50025,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50027,156],{"class":133},[84,50029,137],{"class":98},[84,50031,49690],{"class":133},[84,50033,137],{"class":98},[84,50035,35547],{"class":146},[84,50037,106],{"class":98},[84,50039,46094],{"class":140},[84,50041,169],{"class":98},[20,50043,172],{},[75,50045,50046],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,50047,50048,50052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50049,50050],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50051,4828],{"class":4704},[84,50053,50054],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50055,4889],{"class":4704},[20,50057,50058,50059,50061],{},"In both examples, ",[15,50060,45623],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,50063,50064,50065,307],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[303,50066,50067],{"href":3821},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[70,50069,50071],{"id":50070},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,50073,50074],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,50076,50077],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[75,50079,50081],{"className":77,"code":50080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,50082,50083,50092,50096,50120],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50084,50085,50087,50089],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50086,3304],{"class":90},[84,50088,95],{"class":94},[84,50090,50091],{"class":102}," 3.5\n",[84,50093,50094],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50095,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50097,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50099,156],{"class":133},[84,50101,137],{"class":98},[84,50103,49690],{"class":133},[84,50105,137],{"class":98},[84,50107,3329],{"class":146},[84,50109,106],{"class":98},[84,50111,10076],{"class":98},[84,50113,365],{"class":140},[84,50115,106],{"class":98},[84,50117,41072],{"class":140},[84,50119,3771],{"class":98},[84,50121,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50123,156],{"class":133},[84,50125,137],{"class":98},[84,50127,49690],{"class":133},[84,50129,137],{"class":98},[84,50131,3329],{"class":146},[84,50133,106],{"class":98},[84,50135,10076],{"class":98},[84,50137,141],{"class":140},[84,50139,106],{"class":98},[84,50141,1636],{"class":140},[84,50143,3771],{"class":98},[20,50145,172],{},[75,50147,50148],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,50149,50150,50154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50151,50152],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50153,4828],{"class":4704},[84,50155,50156],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50157,4889],{"class":4704},[20,50159,50160,50161,50163],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,50162,41654],{}," conditions.",[20,50165,9137],{},[75,50167,50169],{"className":77,"code":50168,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,50170,50171,50179,50183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50172,50173,50175,50177],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50174,3304],{"class":90},[84,50176,95],{"class":94},[84,50178,50091],{"class":102},[84,50180,50181],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50182,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50184,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50186,156],{"class":133},[84,50188,137],{"class":98},[84,50190,2624],{"class":140},[84,50192,137],{"class":98},[84,50194,3329],{"class":146},[84,50196,1970],{"class":98},[84,50198,7249],{"class":94},[84,50200,46094],{"class":140},[84,50202,49050],{"class":633},[84,50204,50205],{"class":140}," type",[84,50207,137],{"class":98},[84,50209,3329],{"class":146},[84,50211,1970],{"class":98},[84,50213,7249],{"class":94},[84,50215,41072],{"class":140},[84,50217,150],{"class":98},[20,50219,50220],{},"you can write this:",[75,50222,50224],{"className":77,"code":50223,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50225,50226,50234,50238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50227,50228,50230,50232],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50229,3304],{"class":90},[84,50231,95],{"class":94},[84,50233,50091],{"class":102},[84,50235,50236],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50237,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50241,156],{"class":133},[84,50243,137],{"class":98},[84,50245,49690],{"class":133},[84,50247,137],{"class":98},[84,50249,3329],{"class":146},[84,50251,106],{"class":98},[84,50253,10076],{"class":98},[84,50255,365],{"class":140},[84,50257,106],{"class":98},[84,50259,41072],{"class":140},[84,50261,3771],{"class":98},[20,50263,50264],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[70,50266,50268,11427,50270],{"id":50267},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,50269,45623],{},[15,50271,3160],{},[20,50273,11432,50274,5241,50276,50280],{},[15,50275,45623],{},[303,50277,50278],{"href":3157},[15,50279,3160],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[995,50282,50284],{"id":50283},"typevalue-int",[15,50285,50286],{},"type(value) == int",[20,50288,50289],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[75,50291,50293],{"className":77,"code":50292,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,50294,50295,50303],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50296,50297,50299,50301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50298,3304],{"class":90},[84,50300,95],{"class":94},[84,50302,3442],{"class":102},[84,50304,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50306,156],{"class":133},[84,50308,137],{"class":98},[84,50310,2624],{"class":140},[84,50312,137],{"class":98},[84,50314,3329],{"class":146},[84,50316,1970],{"class":98},[84,50318,7249],{"class":94},[84,50320,46094],{"class":140},[84,50322,150],{"class":98},[995,50324,50326],{"id":50325},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50327,50328],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50330,50331],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[75,50333,50335],{"className":77,"code":50334,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50336,50337,50345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50338,50339,50341,50343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50340,3304],{"class":90},[84,50342,95],{"class":94},[84,50344,3442],{"class":102},[84,50346,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50348,156],{"class":133},[84,50350,137],{"class":98},[84,50352,49690],{"class":133},[84,50354,137],{"class":98},[84,50356,3329],{"class":146},[84,50358,106],{"class":98},[84,50360,46094],{"class":140},[84,50362,169],{"class":98},[20,50364,50365,50366,50368],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50367,45623],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50370,50371],{},"In everyday code:",[30,50373,50374,50379],{},[33,50375,2035,50376,50378],{},[15,50377,3160],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,50380,2035,50381,50383],{},[15,50382,45623],{}," when you want a practical type check",[70,50385,50387],{"id":50386},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50389,50390,50391,307],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50392,45623],{},[995,50394,50396],{"id":50395},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[75,50398,50400],{"className":77,"code":50399,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50401,50402,50420,50439,50451,50456,50474,50485,50489,50501,50505,50529],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50403,50404,50406,50409,50411,50413,50415,50418],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50405,615],{"class":614},[84,50407,50408],{"class":618}," repeat_text",[84,50410,137],{"class":98},[84,50412,35547],{"class":624},[84,50414,106],{"class":98},[84,50416,50417],{"class":624}," count",[84,50419,628],{"class":98},[84,50421,50422,50424,50426,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50423,7239],{"class":633},[84,50425,8938],{"class":94},[84,50427,50428],{"class":133}," isinstance",[84,50430,137],{"class":98},[84,50432,35547],{"class":146},[84,50434,106],{"class":98},[84,50436,49719],{"class":140},[84,50438,628],{"class":98},[84,50440,50441,50444,50446,50449],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50442,50443],{"class":633},"        return",[84,50445,4211],{"class":185},[84,50447,50448],{"class":189},"text must be a string",[84,50450,4217],{"class":185},[84,50452,50453],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50454,50455],{"class":90},"    \n",[84,50457,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,50459,7239],{"class":633},[84,50461,8938],{"class":94},[84,50463,50428],{"class":133},[84,50465,137],{"class":98},[84,50467,42077],{"class":146},[84,50469,106],{"class":98},[84,50471,46094],{"class":140},[84,50473,628],{"class":98},[84,50475,50476,50478,50480,50483],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,50477,50443],{"class":633},[84,50479,4211],{"class":185},[84,50481,50482],{"class":189},"count must be an integer",[84,50484,4217],{"class":185},[84,50486,50487],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,50488,50455],{"class":90},[84,50490,50491,50493,50496,50498],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,50492,634],{"class":633},[84,50494,50495],{"class":90}," text ",[84,50497,640],{"class":94},[84,50499,50500],{"class":90}," count\n",[84,50502,50503],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,50504,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50506,50507,50509,50511,50514,50516,50518,50521,50523,50525,50527],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,50508,156],{"class":133},[84,50510,137],{"class":98},[84,50512,50513],{"class":146},"repeat_text",[84,50515,137],{"class":98},[84,50517,3711],{"class":185},[84,50519,50520],{"class":189},"Hi ",[84,50522,3711],{"class":185},[84,50524,106],{"class":98},[84,50526,114],{"class":102},[84,50528,169],{"class":98},[84,50530,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553],{"class":86,"line":12438},[84,50532,156],{"class":133},[84,50534,137],{"class":98},[84,50536,50513],{"class":146},[84,50538,137],{"class":98},[84,50540,3711],{"class":185},[84,50542,50520],{"class":189},[84,50544,3711],{"class":185},[84,50546,106],{"class":98},[84,50548,4211],{"class":185},[84,50550,208],{"class":189},[84,50552,3711],{"class":185},[84,50554,169],{"class":98},[20,50556,172],{},[75,50558,50560],{"className":77,"code":50559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50561,50562,50567],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50563,50564],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50565,50566],{"class":90},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[84,50568,50569],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50570,50571],{"class":90},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50573,50574],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[995,50576,50578],{"id":50577},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[75,50580,50582],{"className":77,"code":50581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50583,50584,50616,50620,50636,50651,50668],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50585,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50587,3304],{"class":90},[84,50589,95],{"class":94},[84,50591,99],{"class":98},[84,50593,3711],{"class":185},[84,50595,303],{"class":189},[84,50597,3711],{"class":185},[84,50599,106],{"class":98},[84,50601,4211],{"class":185},[84,50603,5608],{"class":189},[84,50605,3711],{"class":185},[84,50607,106],{"class":98},[84,50609,4211],{"class":185},[84,50611,10580],{"class":189},[84,50613,3711],{"class":185},[84,50615,122],{"class":98},[84,50617,50618],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50619,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50621,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50623,7836],{"class":633},[84,50625,50428],{"class":133},[84,50627,137],{"class":98},[84,50629,3329],{"class":146},[84,50631,106],{"class":98},[84,50633,49719],{"class":140},[84,50635,628],{"class":98},[84,50637,50638,50640,50642,50644,50647,50649],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50639,1445],{"class":133},[84,50641,137],{"class":98},[84,50643,3711],{"class":185},[84,50645,50646],{"class":189},"This is text",[84,50648,3711],{"class":185},[84,50650,150],{"class":98},[84,50652,50653,50656,50658,50660,50662,50664,50666],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,50654,50655],{"class":633},"elif",[84,50657,50428],{"class":133},[84,50659,137],{"class":98},[84,50661,3329],{"class":146},[84,50663,106],{"class":98},[84,50665,1636],{"class":140},[84,50667,628],{"class":98},[84,50669,50670,50672,50674,50676,50679,50681],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,50671,1445],{"class":133},[84,50673,137],{"class":98},[84,50675,3711],{"class":185},[84,50677,50678],{"class":189},"This is a list",[84,50680,3711],{"class":185},[84,50682,150],{"class":98},[20,50684,172],{},[75,50686,50688],{"className":77,"code":50687,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This is a list\n",[15,50689,50690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50691,50692,50695,50697,50699],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50693,50694],{"class":90},"This ",[84,50696,13037],{"class":94},[84,50698,844],{"class":90},[84,50700,50701],{"class":140},"list\n",[995,50703,50705],{"id":50704},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[75,50707,50709],{"className":77,"code":50708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50710,50711,50723,50727,50743,50757],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50712,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50714,3304],{"class":90},[84,50716,95],{"class":94},[84,50718,4211],{"class":185},[84,50720,47343],{"class":189},[84,50722,4217],{"class":185},[84,50724,50725],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50726,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50728,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50730,7836],{"class":633},[84,50732,50428],{"class":133},[84,50734,137],{"class":98},[84,50736,3329],{"class":146},[84,50738,106],{"class":98},[84,50740,49719],{"class":140},[84,50742,628],{"class":98},[84,50744,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50746,42708],{"class":90},[84,50748,95],{"class":94},[84,50750,46094],{"class":140},[84,50752,137],{"class":98},[84,50754,3329],{"class":146},[84,50756,150],{"class":98},[84,50758,50759,50761,50763,50765],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,50760,1445],{"class":133},[84,50762,137],{"class":98},[84,50764,3098],{"class":146},[84,50766,150],{"class":98},[20,50768,172],{},[75,50770,50771],{"className":77,"code":47429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,50772,50773],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50774,50775],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50776,47429],{"class":102},[20,50778,50779],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[995,50781,50783],{"id":50782},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[75,50785,50787],{"className":77,"code":50786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50788,50789,50813,50817,50833],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50790,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50792,3304],{"class":90},[84,50794,95],{"class":94},[84,50796,11332],{"class":98},[84,50798,3711],{"class":185},[84,50800,8508],{"class":189},[84,50802,3711],{"class":185},[84,50804,3743],{"class":98},[84,50806,4211],{"class":185},[84,50808,13723],{"class":189},[84,50810,3711],{"class":185},[84,50812,10149],{"class":98},[84,50814,50815],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50816,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,50818,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,50820,7836],{"class":633},[84,50822,50428],{"class":133},[84,50824,137],{"class":98},[84,50826,3329],{"class":146},[84,50828,106],{"class":98},[84,50830,10010],{"class":140},[84,50832,628],{"class":98},[84,50834,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,50836,1445],{"class":133},[84,50838,137],{"class":98},[84,50840,3329],{"class":146},[84,50842,182],{"class":98},[84,50844,3711],{"class":185},[84,50846,8508],{"class":189},[84,50848,3711],{"class":185},[84,50850,4737],{"class":98},[20,50852,172],{},[75,50854,50856],{"className":77,"code":50855,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\n",[15,50857,50858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50859,50860],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50861,50855],{"class":90},[20,50863,50864,50865,50867],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50866,3864],{}," messages later.",[70,50869,2058],{"id":2057},[995,50871,50873,50874,11935,50877],{"id":50872},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50875,50876],{},"\"int\"",[15,50878,365],{},[20,50880,2155],{},[75,50882,50884],{"className":77,"code":50883,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50885,50886,50894],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50887,50888,50890,50892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50889,3304],{"class":90},[84,50891,95],{"class":94},[84,50893,3442],{"class":102},[84,50895,50896,50898,50900,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50897,156],{"class":133},[84,50899,137],{"class":98},[84,50901,49690],{"class":133},[84,50903,137],{"class":98},[84,50905,3329],{"class":146},[84,50907,106],{"class":98},[84,50909,4211],{"class":185},[84,50911,365],{"class":189},[84,50913,3711],{"class":185},[84,50915,169],{"class":98},[20,50917,50918,50920],{},[15,50919,50876],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50922,2211],{},[75,50924,50925],{"className":77,"code":50334,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,50926,50927,50935],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50928,50929,50931,50933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50930,3304],{"class":90},[84,50932,95],{"class":94},[84,50934,3442],{"class":102},[84,50936,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50938,156],{"class":133},[84,50940,137],{"class":98},[84,50942,49690],{"class":133},[84,50944,137],{"class":98},[84,50946,3329],{"class":146},[84,50948,106],{"class":98},[84,50950,46094],{"class":140},[84,50952,169],{"class":98},[995,50954,50956],{"id":50955},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50958,2155],{},[75,50960,50962],{"className":77,"code":50961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50963,50964,50972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,50965,50966,50968,50970],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,50967,3304],{"class":90},[84,50969,95],{"class":94},[84,50971,35681],{"class":102},[84,50973,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,50975,156],{"class":133},[84,50977,137],{"class":98},[84,50979,49690],{"class":133},[84,50981,137],{"class":98},[84,50983,3329],{"class":146},[84,50985,106],{"class":98},[84,50987,99],{"class":98},[84,50989,365],{"class":140},[84,50991,106],{"class":98},[84,50993,41072],{"class":140},[84,50995,3858],{"class":98},[20,50997,50998],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,51000,2211],{},[75,51002,51004],{"className":77,"code":51003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,51005,51006,51014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51007,51008,51010,51012],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51009,3304],{"class":90},[84,51011,95],{"class":94},[84,51013,35681],{"class":102},[84,51015,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51017,156],{"class":133},[84,51019,137],{"class":98},[84,51021,49690],{"class":133},[84,51023,137],{"class":98},[84,51025,3329],{"class":146},[84,51027,106],{"class":98},[84,51029,10076],{"class":98},[84,51031,365],{"class":140},[84,51033,106],{"class":98},[84,51035,41072],{"class":140},[84,51037,3771],{"class":98},[995,51039,26614,51041,51043],{"id":51040},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,51042,45623],{}," converts a value",[20,51045,19755],{},[75,51047,51049],{"className":77,"code":51048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,51050,51051,51064,51082,51086],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51052,51053,51055,51057,51059,51062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51054,3304],{"class":90},[84,51056,95],{"class":94},[84,51058,4211],{"class":185},[84,51060,51061],{"class":189},"123",[84,51063,4217],{"class":185},[84,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51067,128],{"class":90},[84,51069,95],{"class":94},[84,51071,50428],{"class":133},[84,51073,137],{"class":98},[84,51075,3329],{"class":146},[84,51077,106],{"class":98},[84,51079,46094],{"class":140},[84,51081,150],{"class":98},[84,51083,51084],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51085,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,51087,51088,51090,51092,51094],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51089,156],{"class":133},[84,51091,137],{"class":98},[84,51093,166],{"class":146},[84,51095,150],{"class":98},[20,51097,172],{},[75,51099,51100],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,51101,51102],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51103,51104],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51105,4889],{"class":4704},[20,51107,51108,51109,51112,51113,51115],{},"This does not convert ",[15,51110,51111],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,51114,51061],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,51117,51118,51119,7470],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,51120,51121],{},"int(value)",[995,51123,51125],{"id":51124},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,51127,51128,51130],{},[15,51129,45623],{}," does not modify anything.",[75,51132,51134],{"className":77,"code":51133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,51135,51136,51148,51152,51170],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51137,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51139,3304],{"class":90},[84,51141,95],{"class":94},[84,51143,4211],{"class":185},[84,51145,14402],{"class":189},[84,51147,4217],{"class":185},[84,51149,51150],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51151,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,51153,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51155,156],{"class":133},[84,51157,137],{"class":98},[84,51159,49690],{"class":133},[84,51161,137],{"class":98},[84,51163,3329],{"class":146},[84,51165,106],{"class":98},[84,51167,49719],{"class":140},[84,51169,169],{"class":98},[84,51171,51172,51174,51176,51178],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51173,156],{"class":133},[84,51175,137],{"class":98},[84,51177,3329],{"class":146},[84,51179,150],{"class":98},[20,51181,172],{},[75,51183,51185],{"className":77,"code":51184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\n100\n",[15,51186,51187,51191],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51188,51189],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51190,4828],{"class":4704},[84,51192,51193],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51194,48078],{"class":102},[20,51196,51197],{},"The value stays the same.",[70,51199,26782],{"id":26781},[20,51201,51202],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[75,51204,51206],{"className":77,"code":51205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,51207,51208,51222,51240,51264],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51209,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51211,156],{"class":133},[84,51213,137],{"class":98},[84,51215,2624],{"class":140},[84,51217,137],{"class":98},[84,51219,3329],{"class":146},[84,51221,169],{"class":98},[84,51223,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51225,156],{"class":133},[84,51227,137],{"class":98},[84,51229,49690],{"class":133},[84,51231,137],{"class":98},[84,51233,3329],{"class":146},[84,51235,106],{"class":98},[84,51237,46094],{"class":140},[84,51239,169],{"class":98},[84,51241,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51243,156],{"class":133},[84,51245,137],{"class":98},[84,51247,49690],{"class":133},[84,51249,137],{"class":98},[84,51251,3329],{"class":146},[84,51253,106],{"class":98},[84,51255,10076],{"class":98},[84,51257,365],{"class":140},[84,51259,106],{"class":98},[84,51261,41072],{"class":140},[84,51263,3771],{"class":98},[84,51265,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51267,156],{"class":133},[84,51269,137],{"class":98},[84,51271,42597],{"class":133},[84,51273,137],{"class":98},[84,51275,3329],{"class":146},[84,51277,169],{"class":98},[20,51279,51280],{},"These can help when:",[30,51282,51283,51286,51291,51294],{},[33,51284,51285],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,51287,51288,51289],{},"you are getting a ",[15,51290,3864],{},[33,51292,51293],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,51295,51296,51297,51299],{},"the second argument to ",[15,51298,45623],{}," is invalid",[20,51301,51302],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,51304,51305,51319,51325,51330],{},[33,51306,51307,51308,3736,51311,51314,51315,3736,51317],{},"using ",[15,51309,51310],{},"'int'",[15,51312,51313],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51316,365],{},[15,51318,141],{},[33,51320,51321,51322,51324],{},"expecting ",[15,51323,45623],{}," to convert a value",[33,51326,51307,51327,51329],{},[15,51328,3160],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,51331,51332],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51334,51335,51336,307],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[303,51337,51339,51340],{"href":51338},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,51341,51342],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[70,51344,2694],{"id":2693},[995,51346,5987,51348,5990],{"id":51347},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51349,45623],{},[20,51351,5993,51352,51354,51355,307],{},[15,51353,4459],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51356,4528],{},[995,51358,2734,51360,51362],{"id":51359},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51361,45623],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51364,51365,51366,307],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51367,51368],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[995,51370,6024,51372,5241,51374,3348],{"id":51371},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51373,45623],{},[15,51375,3160],{},[20,51377,51378,51380,51381,51383],{},[15,51379,3160],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51382,45623],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[995,51385,2698,51387,51389],{"id":51386},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51388,45623],{}," convert a value?",[20,51391,51392],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[70,51394,2751],{"id":2750},[30,51396,51397,51403,51407,51412,51417],{},[33,51398,51399],{},[303,51400,13,51401,591],{"href":3157},[15,51402,3160],{},[33,51404,51405],{},[303,51406,45615],{"href":49793},[33,51408,51409],{},[303,51410,51411],{"href":3821},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,51413,51414],{},[303,51415,51416],{"href":49796},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,51418,51419],{},[303,51420,51339,51421],{"href":51338},[15,51422,51342],{},[2785,51424,51425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":51427},[51428,51429,51431,51434,51438,51439,51444,51450,51458,51459,51469],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":49732,"depth":125,"text":51430},"What isinstance() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":51432},[51433],{"id":49824,"depth":153,"text":49825},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418,"children":51435},[51436,51437],{"id":49912,"depth":153,"text":49913},{"id":49983,"depth":153,"text":49984},{"id":50070,"depth":125,"text":50071},{"id":50267,"depth":125,"text":51440,"children":51441},"isinstance() vs type()",[51442,51443],{"id":50283,"depth":153,"text":50286},{"id":50325,"depth":153,"text":50328},{"id":50386,"depth":125,"text":50387,"children":51445},[51446,51447,51448,51449],{"id":50395,"depth":153,"text":50396},{"id":50577,"depth":153,"text":50578},{"id":50704,"depth":153,"text":50705},{"id":50782,"depth":153,"text":50783},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":51451},[51452,51454,51455,51457],{"id":50872,"depth":153,"text":51453},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50955,"depth":153,"text":50956},{"id":51040,"depth":153,"text":51456},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":51124,"depth":153,"text":51125},{"id":26781,"depth":125,"text":26782},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":51460},[51461,51463,51465,51467],{"id":51347,"depth":153,"text":51462},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51359,"depth":153,"text":51464},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51371,"depth":153,"text":51466},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51386,"depth":153,"text":51468},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49633,"description":51470},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51476,"title":51477,"body":51478,"description":53451,"extension":2830,"meta":53452,"navigation":472,"path":53453,"seo":53454,"stem":53455,"__hash__":53456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51479,"toc":53426},[51480,51483,51488,51493,51507,51510,51512,51587,51592,51596,51601,51604,51618,51620,51786,51799,51801,51803,51818,51821,51824,51837,51839,51937,51941,51947,51950,51959,51961,51996,52001,52022,52027,52032,52064,52067,52124,52128,52134,52137,52190,52192,52232,52235,52303,52306,52357,52364,52368,52374,52459,52465,52471,52520,52523,52526,52576,52578,52583,52587,52637,52641,52688,52692,52769,52773,52838,52841,52845,52850,52855,52867,52869,52888,52894,52897,52916,52921,52948,52955,52959,52965,52968,53063,53066,53069,53118,53123,53125,53129,53164,53167,53224,53234,53237,53271,53274,53276,53280,53283,53287,53290,53294,53297,53301,53314,53318,53323,53325,53375,53387,53389,53423],[10,51481,51477],{"id":51482},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51484,9962,51485,51487],{},[15,51486,43178],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51489,36242,51490,51492],{},[15,51491,43178],{}," to count:",[30,51494,51495,51498,51501,51504],{},[33,51496,51497],{},"characters in a string",[33,51499,51500],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,51502,51503],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,51505,51506],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51508,51509],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[70,51511,73],{"id":72},[75,51513,51515],{"className":77,"code":51514,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51516,51517,51529,51549,51553,51570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51518,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51520,35526],{"class":90},[84,51522,95],{"class":94},[84,51524,4211],{"class":185},[84,51526,4697],{"class":189},[84,51528,4217],{"class":185},[84,51530,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51532,8620],{"class":90},[84,51534,95],{"class":94},[84,51536,99],{"class":98},[84,51538,437],{"class":102},[84,51540,106],{"class":98},[84,51542,442],{"class":102},[84,51544,106],{"class":98},[84,51546,447],{"class":102},[84,51548,122],{"class":98},[84,51550,51551],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51552,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51556,156],{"class":133},[84,51558,137],{"class":98},[84,51560,12005],{"class":133},[84,51562,137],{"class":98},[84,51564,35547],{"class":146},[84,51566,6204],{"class":98},[84,51568,51569],{"class":4517},"   # 5\n",[84,51571,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,51573,156],{"class":133},[84,51575,137],{"class":98},[84,51577,12005],{"class":133},[84,51579,137],{"class":98},[84,51581,8649],{"class":146},[84,51583,6204],{"class":98},[84,51585,51586],{"class":4517},"  # 3\n",[20,51588,224,51589,51591],{},[15,51590,43178],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[70,51593,51595],{"id":51594},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51597,51598,51600],{},[15,51599,43178],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51602,51603],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,51605,51606,51609,51612,51615],{},[33,51607,51608],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,51610,51611],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,51613,51614],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,51616,51617],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51619,814],{},[75,51621,51623],{"className":77,"code":51622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51624,51625,51637,51662,51694,51714,51718,51735,51752,51769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51626,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51628,8716],{"class":90},[84,51630,95],{"class":94},[84,51632,4211],{"class":185},[84,51634,8517],{"class":189},[84,51636,4217],{"class":185},[84,51638,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51660],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51640,91],{"class":90},[84,51642,95],{"class":94},[84,51644,99],{"class":98},[84,51646,437],{"class":102},[84,51648,106],{"class":98},[84,51650,442],{"class":102},[84,51652,106],{"class":98},[84,51654,447],{"class":102},[84,51656,106],{"class":98},[84,51658,51659],{"class":102}," 40",[84,51661,122],{"class":98},[84,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51665,10005],{"class":90},[84,51667,95],{"class":94},[84,51669,11332],{"class":98},[84,51671,3711],{"class":185},[84,51673,303],{"class":189},[84,51675,3711],{"class":185},[84,51677,3743],{"class":98},[84,51679,6341],{"class":102},[84,51681,106],{"class":98},[84,51683,4211],{"class":185},[84,51685,5608],{"class":189},[84,51687,3711],{"class":185},[84,51689,3743],{"class":98},[84,51691,109],{"class":102},[84,51693,10149],{"class":98},[84,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710,51712],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51697,1777],{"class":90},[84,51699,95],{"class":94},[84,51701,11332],{"class":98},[84,51703,3000],{"class":102},[84,51705,106],{"class":98},[84,51707,733],{"class":102},[84,51709,106],{"class":98},[84,51711,6836],{"class":102},[84,51713,10149],{"class":98},[84,51715,51716],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,51717,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,51719,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,51721,156],{"class":133},[84,51723,137],{"class":98},[84,51725,12005],{"class":133},[84,51727,137],{"class":98},[84,51729,8508],{"class":146},[84,51731,6204],{"class":98},[84,51733,51734],{"class":4517},"     # 3\n",[84,51736,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,51738,156],{"class":133},[84,51740,137],{"class":98},[84,51742,12005],{"class":133},[84,51744,137],{"class":98},[84,51746,535],{"class":146},[84,51748,6204],{"class":98},[84,51750,51751],{"class":4517},"  # 4\n",[84,51753,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,51755,156],{"class":133},[84,51757,137],{"class":98},[84,51759,12005],{"class":133},[84,51761,137],{"class":98},[84,51763,10044],{"class":146},[84,51765,6204],{"class":98},[84,51767,51768],{"class":4517},"     # 2\n",[84,51770,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,51772,156],{"class":133},[84,51774,137],{"class":98},[84,51776,12005],{"class":133},[84,51778,137],{"class":98},[84,51780,6201],{"class":146},[84,51782,6204],{"class":98},[84,51784,51785],{"class":4517},"   # 3\n",[20,51787,51788,51789,362,51793,17912,51797,307],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[303,51790,51792],{"href":51791},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[303,51794,51796],{"href":51795},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[303,51798,9995],{"href":9994},[70,51800,311],{"id":310},[20,51802,3023],{},[75,51804,51806],{"className":77,"code":51805,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len(object)\n",[15,51807,51808],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51809,51810,51812,51814,51816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51811,12005],{"class":133},[84,51813,137],{"class":98},[84,51815,43216],{"class":140},[84,51817,150],{"class":98},[20,51819,51820],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51822,51823],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834],{},[33,51827,261],{},[33,51829,255],{},[33,51831,258],{},[33,51833,38736],{},[33,51835,51836],{},"a dictionary",[20,51838,814],{},[75,51840,51842],{"className":77,"code":51841,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51843,51844,51865,51889,51911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51845,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856,51858,51860,51862],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51847,156],{"class":133},[84,51849,137],{"class":98},[84,51851,12005],{"class":133},[84,51853,137],{"class":98},[84,51855,3711],{"class":185},[84,51857,79],{"class":189},[84,51859,3711],{"class":185},[84,51861,6204],{"class":98},[84,51863,51864],{"class":4517},"      # 6\n",[84,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51868,156],{"class":133},[84,51870,137],{"class":98},[84,51872,12005],{"class":133},[84,51874,3845],{"class":98},[84,51876,103],{"class":102},[84,51878,106],{"class":98},[84,51880,109],{"class":102},[84,51882,106],{"class":98},[84,51884,114],{"class":102},[84,51886,5582],{"class":98},[84,51888,51734],{"class":4517},[84,51890,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51908],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,51892,156],{"class":133},[84,51894,137],{"class":98},[84,51896,12005],{"class":133},[84,51898,6354],{"class":98},[84,51900,437],{"class":102},[84,51902,106],{"class":98},[84,51904,442],{"class":102},[84,51906,51907],{"class":98},")))",[84,51909,51910],{"class":4517},"      # 2\n",[84,51912,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51925,51927,51929,51931,51934],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,51914,156],{"class":133},[84,51916,137],{"class":98},[84,51918,12005],{"class":133},[84,51920,6373],{"class":98},[84,51922,3711],{"class":185},[84,51924,625],{"class":189},[84,51926,3711],{"class":185},[84,51928,3743],{"class":98},[84,51930,6341],{"class":102},[84,51932,51933],{"class":98},"}))",[84,51935,51936],{"class":4517},"      # 1\n",[70,51938,51940],{"id":51939},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51942,51943,51944,51946],{},"When you use ",[15,51945,43178],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51948,51949],{},"That includes:",[30,51951,51952,51954,51956],{},[33,51953,36981],{},[33,51955,11293],{},[33,51957,51958],{},"punctuation",[20,51960,814],{},[75,51962,51964],{"className":77,"code":51963,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51965,51966,51979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,51967,51968,51970,51972,51974,51977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,51969,35526],{"class":90},[84,51971,95],{"class":94},[84,51973,4211],{"class":185},[84,51975,51976],{"class":189},"Hi there!",[84,51978,4217],{"class":185},[84,51980,51981,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,51982,156],{"class":133},[84,51984,137],{"class":98},[84,51986,12005],{"class":133},[84,51988,137],{"class":98},[84,51990,35547],{"class":146},[84,51992,6204],{"class":98},[84,51994,51995],{"class":4517},"  # 9\n",[20,51997,51998,51999,3348],{},"Why is the result ",[15,52000,3008],{},[30,52002,52003,52009,52013,52016],{},[33,52004,52005,52008],{},[15,52006,52007],{},"H"," = 1",[33,52010,52011,52008],{},[15,52012,36992],{},[33,52014,52015],{},"space = 1",[33,52017,52018,52021],{},[15,52019,52020],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,52023,52024,52025],{},"Total: ",[15,52026,3008],{},[20,52028,52029,52030,3743],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,52031,2983],{},[75,52033,52035],{"className":77,"code":52034,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,52036,52037,52046],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52038,52039,52042,52044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52040,52041],{"class":90},"empty_text ",[84,52043,95],{"class":94},[84,52045,8721],{"class":185},[84,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52059,52061],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52049,156],{"class":133},[84,52051,137],{"class":98},[84,52053,12005],{"class":133},[84,52055,137],{"class":98},[84,52057,52058],{"class":146},"empty_text",[84,52060,6204],{"class":98},[84,52062,52063],{"class":4517},"  # 0\n",[20,52065,52066],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[75,52068,52070],{"className":77,"code":52069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,52071,52072,52085,52089,52109],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52073,52074,52077,52079,52081,52083],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52075,52076],{"class":90},"user_name ",[84,52078,95],{"class":94},[84,52080,4211],{"class":185},[84,52082,5851],{"class":189},[84,52084,4217],{"class":185},[84,52086,52087],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52088,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52090,52091,52093,52095,52097,52100,52102,52105,52107],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52092,7836],{"class":633},[84,52094,39210],{"class":133},[84,52096,137],{"class":98},[84,52098,52099],{"class":146},"user_name",[84,52101,1970],{"class":98},[84,52103,52104],{"class":94}," >=",[84,52106,114],{"class":102},[84,52108,1440],{"class":98},[84,52110,52111,52113,52115,52117,52120,52122],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52112,1445],{"class":133},[84,52114,137],{"class":98},[84,52116,3711],{"class":185},[84,52118,52119],{"class":189},"Name is long enough",[84,52121,3711],{"class":185},[84,52123,150],{"class":98},[70,52125,52127],{"id":52126},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,52129,52130,52131,52133],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,52132,43178],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,52135,52136],{},"Example with a list:",[75,52138,52140],{"className":77,"code":52139,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,52141,52142,52174],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52145,13919],{"class":90},[84,52147,95],{"class":94},[84,52149,99],{"class":98},[84,52151,3711],{"class":185},[84,52153,13936],{"class":189},[84,52155,3711],{"class":185},[84,52157,106],{"class":98},[84,52159,4211],{"class":185},[84,52161,18296],{"class":189},[84,52163,3711],{"class":185},[84,52165,106],{"class":98},[84,52167,4211],{"class":185},[84,52169,13953],{"class":189},[84,52171,3711],{"class":185},[84,52173,122],{"class":98},[84,52175,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52177,156],{"class":133},[84,52179,137],{"class":98},[84,52181,12005],{"class":133},[84,52183,137],{"class":98},[84,52185,18343],{"class":146},[84,52187,6204],{"class":98},[84,52189,51586],{"class":4517},[20,52191,38742],{},[75,52193,52195],{"className":77,"code":52194,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,52196,52197,52214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52198,52199,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52200,52201],{"class":90},"point ",[84,52203,95],{"class":94},[84,52205,10076],{"class":98},[84,52207,437],{"class":102},[84,52209,106],{"class":98},[84,52211,442],{"class":102},[84,52213,150],{"class":98},[84,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52227,52229],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52217,156],{"class":133},[84,52219,137],{"class":98},[84,52221,12005],{"class":133},[84,52223,137],{"class":98},[84,52225,52226],{"class":146},"point",[84,52228,6204],{"class":98},[84,52230,52231],{"class":4517},"  # 2\n",[20,52233,52234],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[75,52236,52238],{"className":77,"code":52237,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,52239,52240,52264,52268,52286],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52241,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260,52262],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52243,8620],{"class":90},[84,52245,95],{"class":94},[84,52247,99],{"class":98},[84,52249,3711],{"class":185},[84,52251,4928],{"class":189},[84,52253,3711],{"class":185},[84,52255,106],{"class":98},[84,52257,4211],{"class":185},[84,52259,4937],{"class":189},[84,52261,3711],{"class":185},[84,52263,122],{"class":98},[84,52265,52266],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52267,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52269,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52271,7836],{"class":633},[84,52273,39210],{"class":133},[84,52275,137],{"class":98},[84,52277,8649],{"class":146},[84,52279,1970],{"class":98},[84,52281,39220],{"class":94},[84,52283,6341],{"class":102},[84,52285,1440],{"class":98},[84,52287,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52289,1445],{"class":133},[84,52291,137],{"class":98},[84,52293,8649],{"class":146},[84,52295,182],{"class":98},[84,52297,103],{"class":102},[84,52299,21288],{"class":98},[84,52301,52302],{"class":4517},"  # banana\n",[20,52304,52305],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[75,52307,52309],{"className":77,"code":52308,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,52310,52311,52334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52312,52313,52315,52317,52319,52322,52324,52327,52329,52332],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52314,5911],{"class":90},[84,52316,95],{"class":94},[84,52318,99],{"class":98},[84,52320,52321],{"class":102},"88",[84,52323,106],{"class":98},[84,52325,52326],{"class":102}," 91",[84,52328,106],{"class":98},[84,52330,52331],{"class":102}," 75",[84,52333,122],{"class":98},[84,52335,52336,52338,52340,52342,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52337,156],{"class":133},[84,52339,137],{"class":98},[84,52341,3711],{"class":185},[84,52343,52344],{"class":189},"Number of scores:",[84,52346,3711],{"class":185},[84,52348,106],{"class":98},[84,52350,39210],{"class":133},[84,52352,137],{"class":98},[84,52354,17231],{"class":146},[84,52356,169],{"class":98},[20,52358,52359,52360,307],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[303,52361,52363],{"href":52362},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[70,52365,52367],{"id":52366},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52369,52370,52371,52373],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52372,43178],{}," counts keys.",[75,52375,52377],{"className":77,"code":52376,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52378,52379,52387,52405,52419,52435,52439,52443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52380,52381,52383,52385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52382,13706],{"class":90},[84,52384,95],{"class":94},[84,52386,12336],{"class":98},[84,52388,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401,52403],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52390,12341],{"class":185},[84,52392,8508],{"class":189},[84,52394,3711],{"class":185},[84,52396,3743],{"class":98},[84,52398,4211],{"class":185},[84,52400,8761],{"class":189},[84,52402,3711],{"class":185},[84,52404,12357],{"class":98},[84,52406,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52408,12341],{"class":185},[84,52410,10139],{"class":189},[84,52412,3711],{"class":185},[84,52414,3743],{"class":98},[84,52416,31784],{"class":102},[84,52418,12357],{"class":98},[84,52420,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52422,12341],{"class":185},[84,52424,20733],{"class":189},[84,52426,3711],{"class":185},[84,52428,3743],{"class":98},[84,52430,4211],{"class":185},[84,52432,23088],{"class":189},[84,52434,4217],{"class":185},[84,52436,52437],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,52438,10149],{"class":98},[84,52440,52441],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,52442,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52444,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,52446,156],{"class":133},[84,52448,137],{"class":98},[84,52450,12005],{"class":133},[84,52452,137],{"class":98},[84,52454,14470],{"class":146},[84,52456,6204],{"class":98},[84,52458,51586],{"class":4517},[20,52460,52461,52462,52464],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52463,43178],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52466,52467,52468,52470],{},"For sets, ",[15,52469,43178],{}," counts unique items:",[75,52472,52474],{"className":77,"code":52473,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52475,52476,52504],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52477,52478,52480,52482,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52479,91],{"class":90},[84,52481,95],{"class":94},[84,52483,11332],{"class":98},[84,52485,103],{"class":102},[84,52487,106],{"class":98},[84,52489,109],{"class":102},[84,52491,106],{"class":98},[84,52493,114],{"class":102},[84,52495,106],{"class":98},[84,52497,114],{"class":102},[84,52499,106],{"class":98},[84,52501,109],{"class":102},[84,52503,10149],{"class":98},[84,52505,52506,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52507,156],{"class":133},[84,52509,137],{"class":98},[84,52511,12005],{"class":133},[84,52513,137],{"class":98},[84,52515,535],{"class":146},[84,52517,6204],{"class":98},[84,52519,51586],{"class":4517},[20,52521,52522],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52524,52525],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[75,52527,52529],{"className":77,"code":52528,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52530,52531,52539,52543,52561],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52532,52533,52535,52537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52534,10005],{"class":90},[84,52536,95],{"class":94},[84,52538,10679],{"class":98},[84,52540,52541],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52542,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52544,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52546,7836],{"class":633},[84,52548,39210],{"class":133},[84,52550,137],{"class":98},[84,52552,10044],{"class":146},[84,52554,1970],{"class":98},[84,52556,7249],{"class":94},[84,52558,4685],{"class":102},[84,52560,1440],{"class":98},[84,52562,52563,52565,52567,52569,52572,52574],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52564,1445],{"class":133},[84,52566,137],{"class":98},[84,52568,3711],{"class":185},[84,52570,52571],{"class":189},"The dictionary is empty",[84,52573,3711],{"class":185},[84,52575,150],{"class":98},[70,52577,41863],{"id":41862},[20,52579,52580,52581,307],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52582,43178],{},[995,52584,52586],{"id":52585},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[75,52588,52590],{"className":77,"code":52589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52591,52592,52600,52604,52622],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52593,52594,52596,52598],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52595,8620],{"class":90},[84,52597,95],{"class":94},[84,52599,8678],{"class":98},[84,52601,52602],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52603,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52605,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52607,7836],{"class":633},[84,52609,39210],{"class":133},[84,52611,137],{"class":98},[84,52613,8649],{"class":146},[84,52615,1970],{"class":98},[84,52617,7249],{"class":94},[84,52619,4685],{"class":102},[84,52621,1440],{"class":98},[84,52623,52624,52626,52628,52630,52633,52635],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52625,1445],{"class":133},[84,52627,137],{"class":98},[84,52629,3711],{"class":185},[84,52631,52632],{"class":189},"The list is empty",[84,52634,3711],{"class":185},[84,52636,150],{"class":98},[995,52638,52640],{"id":52639},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[75,52642,52644],{"className":77,"code":52643,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52645,52646,52665],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52647,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52661,52663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52649,6996],{"class":90},[84,52651,95],{"class":94},[84,52653,9081],{"class":133},[84,52655,137],{"class":98},[84,52657,3711],{"class":185},[84,52659,52660],{"class":189},"Enter a word: ",[84,52662,3711],{"class":185},[84,52664,150],{"class":98},[84,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52668,156],{"class":133},[84,52670,137],{"class":98},[84,52672,3711],{"class":185},[84,52674,52675],{"class":189},"Number of characters:",[84,52677,3711],{"class":185},[84,52679,106],{"class":98},[84,52681,39210],{"class":133},[84,52683,137],{"class":98},[84,52685,39215],{"class":146},[84,52687,169],{"class":98},[995,52689,52691],{"id":52690},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[75,52693,52695],{"className":77,"code":52694,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52696,52697,52711,52715,52733,52748,52754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52698,52699,52702,52704,52706,52709],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52700,52701],{"class":90},"password ",[84,52703,95],{"class":94},[84,52705,4211],{"class":185},[84,52707,52708],{"class":189},"secret123",[84,52710,4217],{"class":185},[84,52712,52713],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52714,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52716,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52718,7836],{"class":633},[84,52720,39210],{"class":133},[84,52722,137],{"class":98},[84,52724,18462],{"class":146},[84,52726,1970],{"class":98},[84,52728,52104],{"class":94},[84,52730,738],{"class":102},[84,52732,1440],{"class":98},[84,52734,52735,52737,52739,52741,52744,52746],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52736,1445],{"class":133},[84,52738,137],{"class":98},[84,52740,3711],{"class":185},[84,52742,52743],{"class":189},"Password length is valid",[84,52745,3711],{"class":185},[84,52747,150],{"class":98},[84,52749,52750,52752],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,52751,28274],{"class":633},[84,52753,1440],{"class":98},[84,52755,52756,52758,52760,52762,52765,52767],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,52757,1445],{"class":133},[84,52759,137],{"class":98},[84,52761,3711],{"class":185},[84,52763,52764],{"class":189},"Password is too short",[84,52766,3711],{"class":185},[84,52768,150],{"class":98},[995,52770,52772],{"id":52771},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[75,52774,52776],{"className":77,"code":52775,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52777,52778,52814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52779,52780,52783,52785,52787,52789,52792,52794,52796,52798,52801,52803,52805,52807,52810,52812],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52781,52782],{"class":90},"results ",[84,52784,95],{"class":94},[84,52786,99],{"class":98},[84,52788,3711],{"class":185},[84,52790,52791],{"class":189},"item1",[84,52793,3711],{"class":185},[84,52795,106],{"class":98},[84,52797,4211],{"class":185},[84,52799,52800],{"class":189},"item2",[84,52802,3711],{"class":185},[84,52804,106],{"class":98},[84,52806,4211],{"class":185},[84,52808,52809],{"class":189},"item3",[84,52811,3711],{"class":185},[84,52813,122],{"class":98},[84,52815,52816,52818,52820,52822,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52836],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52817,156],{"class":133},[84,52819,137],{"class":98},[84,52821,3711],{"class":185},[84,52823,52824],{"class":189},"Items found:",[84,52826,3711],{"class":185},[84,52828,106],{"class":98},[84,52830,39210],{"class":133},[84,52832,137],{"class":98},[84,52834,52835],{"class":146},"results",[84,52837,169],{"class":98},[20,52839,52840],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[70,52842,52844],{"id":52843},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52846,52847,52849],{},[15,52848,43178],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52851,52852,52853,3743],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52854,3864],{},[30,52856,52857,52860,52863],{},[33,52858,52859],{},"plain integers",[33,52861,52862],{},"floats",[33,52864,52865],{},[15,52866,4630],{},[20,52868,814],{},[75,52870,52872],{"className":77,"code":52871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52873,52874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52877,156],{"class":133},[84,52879,137],{"class":98},[84,52881,12005],{"class":133},[84,52883,137],{"class":98},[84,52885,3000],{"class":102},[84,52887,169],{"class":98},[20,52889,52890,52891,52893],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52892,3000],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52895,52896],{},"Another example:",[75,52898,52900],{"className":77,"code":52899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52901,52902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52903,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52905,156],{"class":133},[84,52907,137],{"class":98},[84,52909,12005],{"class":133},[84,52911,137],{"class":98},[84,52913,40960],{"class":102},[84,52915,169],{"class":98},[20,52917,52918,52919,3743],{},"And with ",[15,52920,4630],{},[75,52922,52924],{"className":77,"code":52923,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52925,52926,52934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52927,52928,52930,52932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52929,3304],{"class":90},[84,52931,95],{"class":94},[84,52933,49342],{"class":4704},[84,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52937,156],{"class":133},[84,52939,137],{"class":98},[84,52941,12005],{"class":133},[84,52943,137],{"class":98},[84,52945,3329],{"class":146},[84,52947,169],{"class":98},[20,52949,52950,52951,307],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[303,52952,52954],{"href":52953},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[70,52956,52958],{"id":52957},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52960,52961,52962,52964],{},"Before using ",[15,52963,43178],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52966,52967],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[75,52969,52971],{"className":77,"code":52970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52972,52973,52981,52985,52995,53009,53027,53045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,52974,52975,52977,52979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,52976,3304],{"class":90},[84,52978,95],{"class":94},[84,52980,49342],{"class":4704},[84,52982,52983],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,52984,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,52986,52987,52989,52991,52993],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,52988,156],{"class":133},[84,52990,137],{"class":98},[84,52992,3329],{"class":146},[84,52994,150],{"class":98},[84,52996,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53007],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,52998,156],{"class":133},[84,53000,137],{"class":98},[84,53002,2624],{"class":140},[84,53004,137],{"class":98},[84,53006,3329],{"class":146},[84,53008,169],{"class":98},[84,53010,53011,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,53012,156],{"class":133},[84,53014,137],{"class":98},[84,53016,49690],{"class":133},[84,53018,137],{"class":98},[84,53020,3329],{"class":146},[84,53022,106],{"class":98},[84,53024,49719],{"class":140},[84,53026,169],{"class":98},[84,53028,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,53030,156],{"class":133},[84,53032,137],{"class":98},[84,53034,49690],{"class":133},[84,53036,137],{"class":98},[84,53038,3329],{"class":146},[84,53040,106],{"class":98},[84,53042,1636],{"class":140},[84,53044,169],{"class":98},[84,53046,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,53048,156],{"class":133},[84,53050,137],{"class":98},[84,53052,49690],{"class":133},[84,53054,137],{"class":98},[84,53056,3329],{"class":146},[84,53058,106],{"class":98},[84,53060,10010],{"class":140},[84,53062,169],{"class":98},[20,53064,53065],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,53067,53068],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[75,53070,53072],{"className":77,"code":53071,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,53073,53074,53086,53090,53104],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53075,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53077,3304],{"class":90},[84,53079,95],{"class":94},[84,53081,4211],{"class":185},[84,53083,4697],{"class":189},[84,53085,4217],{"class":185},[84,53087,53088],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53089,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53091,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53093,7836],{"class":633},[84,53095,22427],{"class":90},[84,53097,13037],{"class":94},[84,53099,8938],{"class":94},[84,53101,4705],{"class":4704},[84,53103,1440],{"class":98},[84,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53107,1445],{"class":133},[84,53109,137],{"class":98},[84,53111,12005],{"class":133},[84,53113,137],{"class":98},[84,53115,3329],{"class":146},[84,53117,169],{"class":98},[20,53119,53120,53121,307],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[303,53122,9280],{"href":3157},[70,53124,3686],{"id":3685},[20,53126,23937,53127,3743],{},[15,53128,43178],{},[30,53130,53131,53139,53147,53155,53161],{},[33,53132,595,53133,53135,53136],{},[15,53134,43178],{}," on an integer like ",[15,53137,53138],{},"len(5)",[33,53140,595,53141,53143,53144],{},[15,53142,43178],{}," on a float like ",[15,53145,53146],{},"len(3.14)",[33,53148,595,53149,53151,53152,53154],{},[15,53150,43178],{}," on ",[15,53153,4630],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,53156,5426,53157,53160],{},[15,53158,53159],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,53162,53163],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,53165,53166],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[75,53168,53170],{"className":77,"code":53169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,53171,53172,53208],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53175,14048],{"class":90},[84,53177,95],{"class":94},[84,53179,11332],{"class":98},[84,53181,3711],{"class":185},[84,53183,8508],{"class":189},[84,53185,3711],{"class":185},[84,53187,3743],{"class":98},[84,53189,4211],{"class":185},[84,53191,13723],{"class":189},[84,53193,3711],{"class":185},[84,53195,106],{"class":98},[84,53197,4211],{"class":185},[84,53199,10139],{"class":189},[84,53201,3711],{"class":185},[84,53203,3743],{"class":98},[84,53205,442],{"class":102},[84,53207,10149],{"class":98},[84,53209,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53211,156],{"class":133},[84,53213,137],{"class":98},[84,53215,12005],{"class":133},[84,53217,137],{"class":98},[84,53219,18147],{"class":146},[84,53221,6204],{"class":98},[84,53223,52231],{"class":4517},[20,53225,38427,53226,53228,53229,5241,53231,307],{},[15,53227,199],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,53230,16083],{},[15,53232,53233],{},"\"age\"",[20,53235,53236],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[75,53238,53240],{"className":77,"code":53239,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,53241,53242,53255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53243,53244,53246,53248,53250,53253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53245,35526],{"class":90},[84,53247,95],{"class":94},[84,53249,4211],{"class":185},[84,53251,53252],{"class":189},"a b",[84,53254,4217],{"class":185},[84,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53258,156],{"class":133},[84,53260,137],{"class":98},[84,53262,12005],{"class":133},[84,53264,137],{"class":98},[84,53266,35547],{"class":146},[84,53268,6204],{"class":98},[84,53270,51586],{"class":4517},[20,53272,53273],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[70,53275,2694],{"id":2693},[995,53277,53279],{"id":53278},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,53281,53282],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[995,53284,53286],{"id":53285},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,53288,53289],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[995,53291,53293],{"id":53292},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,53295,53296],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[995,53298,53300],{"id":53299},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,53302,53303,53304,53306,53307,3736,53309,53311,53312,307],{},"No. Using ",[15,53305,43178],{}," on an ",[15,53308,365],{},[15,53310,3052],{}," raises a ",[15,53313,3864],{},[995,53315,53317],{"id":53316},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53319,8603,53320,307],{},[15,53321,53322],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53324,814],{},[75,53326,53328],{"className":77,"code":53327,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53329,53330,53338,53342,53360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53331,53332,53334,53336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53333,9147],{"class":90},[84,53335,95],{"class":94},[84,53337,8678],{"class":98},[84,53339,53340],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53341,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53343,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53345,7836],{"class":633},[84,53347,39210],{"class":133},[84,53349,137],{"class":98},[84,53351,9178],{"class":146},[84,53353,1970],{"class":98},[84,53355,7249],{"class":94},[84,53357,4685],{"class":102},[84,53359,1440],{"class":98},[84,53361,53362,53364,53366,53368,53371,53373],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53363,1445],{"class":133},[84,53365,137],{"class":98},[84,53367,3711],{"class":185},[84,53369,53370],{"class":189},"Empty list",[84,53372,3711],{"class":185},[84,53374,150],{"class":98},[20,53376,53377,53378,53380,53381,53383,53384,53386],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53379,4528],{}," in an ",[15,53382,7836],{}," statement, but ",[15,53385,43178],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[70,53388,2751],{"id":2750},[30,53390,53391,53395,53399,53403,53408,53412,53418],{},[33,53392,53393],{},[303,53394,51792],{"href":51791},[33,53396,53397],{},[303,53398,51796],{"href":51795},[33,53400,53401],{},[303,53402,9995],{"href":9994},[33,53404,53405],{},[303,53406,53407],{"href":52362},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,53409,53410],{},[303,53411,9280],{"href":3157},[33,53413,53414],{},[303,53415,53417],{"href":53416},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,53419,53420],{},[303,53421,53422],{"href":52953},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2785,53424,53425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":53427},[53428,53429,53430,53431,53432,53433,53434,53440,53441,53442,53443,53450],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":51594,"depth":125,"text":51595},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":51939,"depth":125,"text":51940},{"id":52126,"depth":125,"text":52127},{"id":52366,"depth":125,"text":52367},{"id":41862,"depth":125,"text":41863,"children":53435},[53436,53437,53438,53439],{"id":52585,"depth":153,"text":52586},{"id":52639,"depth":153,"text":52640},{"id":52690,"depth":153,"text":52691},{"id":52771,"depth":153,"text":52772},{"id":52843,"depth":125,"text":52844},{"id":52957,"depth":125,"text":52958},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":53444},[53445,53446,53447,53448,53449],{"id":53278,"depth":153,"text":53279},{"id":53285,"depth":153,"text":53286},{"id":53292,"depth":153,"text":53293},{"id":53299,"depth":153,"text":53300},{"id":53316,"depth":153,"text":53317},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51477,"description":53451},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53458,"title":53459,"body":53460,"description":55144,"extension":2830,"meta":55145,"navigation":472,"path":55146,"seo":55147,"stem":55148,"__hash__":55149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53461,"toc":55117},[53462,53465,53479,53485,53487,53541,53546,53550,53566,53569,53583,53589,53591,53594,53613,53629,53631,53707,53709,53746,53757,53759,53762,53823,53825,53858,53861,53867,53871,53874,53999,54001,54060,54068,54121,54123,54150,54156,54166,54170,54173,54178,54230,54232,54258,54264,54318,54320,54345,54348,54372,54378,54380,54384,54386,54443,54445,54453,54455,54476,54478,54531,54533,54557,54561,54563,54602,54604,54612,54618,54622,54674,54676,54702,54710,54714,54719,54728,54730,54796,54798,54830,54834,54839,54841,54855,54858,54931,54933,54959,54961,54965,54972,54976,54983,54987,54990,54992,55045,55047,55073,55077,55086,55088,55114],[10,53463,53459],{"id":53464},"python-list-append-method",[20,53466,2847,53467,53470,53471,53474,53475,53478],{},[15,53468,53469],{},"append()"," method adds ",[53,53472,53473],{},"one item"," to the ",[53,53476,53477],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53480,53481,53482,53484],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[53,53483,55],{}," create a new list.",[70,53486,4464],{"id":4463},[75,53488,53490],{"className":77,"code":53489,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53491,53492,53512,53526,53536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53493,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53495,91],{"class":90},[84,53497,95],{"class":94},[84,53499,99],{"class":98},[84,53501,103],{"class":102},[84,53503,106],{"class":98},[84,53505,109],{"class":102},[84,53507,106],{"class":98},[84,53509,114],{"class":102},[84,53511,122],{"class":98},[84,53513,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53515,535],{"class":90},[84,53517,307],{"class":98},[84,53519,14397],{"class":146},[84,53521,137],{"class":98},[84,53523,217],{"class":102},[84,53525,150],{"class":98},[84,53527,53528,53530,53532,53534],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53529,156],{"class":133},[84,53531,137],{"class":98},[84,53533,535],{"class":146},[84,53535,150],{"class":98},[84,53537,53538],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53539,53540],{"class":4517},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53542,224,53543,53545],{},[15,53544,53469],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[70,53547,53549],{"id":53548},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,53551,53552,53557,53560,53563],{},[33,53553,53554,53556],{},[15,53555,53469],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,53558,53559],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,53561,53562],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,53564,53565],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53567,53568],{},"This means you can append:",[30,53570,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581],{},[33,53572,535],{},[33,53574,6151],{},[33,53576,41411],{},[33,53578,6142],{},[33,53580,8090],{},[33,53582,35500],{},[20,53584,53585,53586,307],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[303,53587,53588],{"href":51795},"Python lists explained for beginners",[70,53590,6274],{"id":6273},[20,53592,53593],{},"Basic form:",[75,53595,53597],{"className":77,"code":53596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53598,53599],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53602,9178],{"class":90},[84,53604,307],{"class":98},[84,53606,14397],{"class":146},[84,53608,137],{"class":98},[84,53610,1450],{"class":146},[84,53612,150],{"class":98},[30,53614,53615,53620,53625],{},[33,53616,53617,53619],{},[15,53618,9178],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,53621,53622,53624],{},[15,53623,1450],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,53626,12754,53627],{},[15,53628,4630],{},[20,53630,814],{},[75,53632,53634],{"className":77,"code":53633,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53635,53636,53660,53683,53687,53697],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53637,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53639,37076],{"class":90},[84,53641,95],{"class":94},[84,53643,99],{"class":98},[84,53645,3711],{"class":185},[84,53647,4928],{"class":189},[84,53649,3711],{"class":185},[84,53651,106],{"class":98},[84,53653,4211],{"class":185},[84,53655,4937],{"class":189},[84,53657,3711],{"class":185},[84,53659,122],{"class":98},[84,53661,53662,53664,53666,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53663,128],{"class":90},[84,53665,95],{"class":94},[84,53667,53668],{"class":90}," fruits",[84,53670,307],{"class":98},[84,53672,14397],{"class":146},[84,53674,137],{"class":98},[84,53676,3711],{"class":185},[84,53678,34061],{"class":189},[84,53680,3711],{"class":185},[84,53682,150],{"class":98},[84,53684,53685],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53686,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53688,53689,53691,53693,53695],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53690,156],{"class":133},[84,53692,137],{"class":98},[84,53694,37128],{"class":146},[84,53696,150],{"class":98},[84,53698,53699,53701,53703,53705],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,53700,156],{"class":133},[84,53702,137],{"class":98},[84,53704,166],{"class":146},[84,53706,150],{"class":98},[20,53708,172],{},[75,53710,53712],{"className":77,"code":53711,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53713,53714,53742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53715,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53717,182],{"class":98},[84,53719,186],{"class":185},[84,53721,4928],{"class":189},[84,53723,186],{"class":185},[84,53725,106],{"class":98},[84,53727,196],{"class":185},[84,53729,4937],{"class":189},[84,53731,186],{"class":185},[84,53733,106],{"class":98},[84,53735,196],{"class":185},[84,53737,34061],{"class":189},[84,53739,186],{"class":185},[84,53741,122],{"class":98},[84,53743,53744],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53745,12651],{"class":4704},[20,53747,53748,53749,53751,53752,53754,53755,307],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53750,53469],{}," updates ",[15,53753,37128],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53756,4630],{},[70,53758,418],{"id":417},[20,53760,53761],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[75,53763,53765],{"className":77,"code":53764,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53766,53767,53791,53809,53813],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53768,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783,53785,53787,53789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53770,13919],{"class":90},[84,53772,95],{"class":94},[84,53774,99],{"class":98},[84,53776,3711],{"class":185},[84,53778,13936],{"class":189},[84,53780,3711],{"class":185},[84,53782,106],{"class":98},[84,53784,4211],{"class":185},[84,53786,13953],{"class":189},[84,53788,3711],{"class":185},[84,53790,122],{"class":98},[84,53792,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53794,18343],{"class":90},[84,53796,307],{"class":98},[84,53798,14397],{"class":146},[84,53800,137],{"class":98},[84,53802,3711],{"class":185},[84,53804,18296],{"class":189},[84,53806,3711],{"class":185},[84,53808,150],{"class":98},[84,53810,53811],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53812,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53816,156],{"class":133},[84,53818,137],{"class":98},[84,53820,18343],{"class":146},[84,53822,150],{"class":98},[20,53824,172],{},[75,53826,53828],{"className":77,"code":53827,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53829,53830],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53831,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53833,182],{"class":98},[84,53835,186],{"class":185},[84,53837,13936],{"class":189},[84,53839,186],{"class":185},[84,53841,106],{"class":98},[84,53843,196],{"class":185},[84,53845,13953],{"class":189},[84,53847,186],{"class":185},[84,53849,106],{"class":98},[84,53851,196],{"class":185},[84,53853,18296],{"class":189},[84,53855,186],{"class":185},[84,53857,122],{"class":98},[20,53859,53860],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53862,31924,53863,307],{},[303,53864,53866],{"href":53865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[70,53868,53870],{"id":53869},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53872,53873],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[75,53875,53877],{"className":77,"code":53876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53878,53879,53887,53891,53905,53923,53937,53963,53985,53989],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,53880,53881,53883,53885],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,53882,8620],{"class":90},[84,53884,95],{"class":94},[84,53886,8678],{"class":98},[84,53888,53889],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,53890,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53892,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,53894,8649],{"class":90},[84,53896,307],{"class":98},[84,53898,14397],{"class":146},[84,53900,137],{"class":98},[84,53902,437],{"class":102},[84,53904,150],{"class":98},[84,53906,53907,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,53908,8649],{"class":90},[84,53910,307],{"class":98},[84,53912,14397],{"class":146},[84,53914,137],{"class":98},[84,53916,3711],{"class":185},[84,53918,4697],{"class":189},[84,53920,3711],{"class":185},[84,53922,150],{"class":98},[84,53924,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,53926,8649],{"class":90},[84,53928,307],{"class":98},[84,53930,14397],{"class":146},[84,53932,137],{"class":98},[84,53934,4459],{"class":4704},[84,53936,150],{"class":98},[84,53938,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,53940,8649],{"class":90},[84,53942,307],{"class":98},[84,53944,14397],{"class":146},[84,53946,6373],{"class":98},[84,53948,3711],{"class":185},[84,53950,8508],{"class":189},[84,53952,3711],{"class":185},[84,53954,3743],{"class":98},[84,53956,4211],{"class":185},[84,53958,8517],{"class":189},[84,53960,3711],{"class":185},[84,53962,31338],{"class":98},[84,53964,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,53966,8649],{"class":90},[84,53968,307],{"class":98},[84,53970,14397],{"class":146},[84,53972,3845],{"class":98},[84,53974,103],{"class":102},[84,53976,106],{"class":98},[84,53978,109],{"class":102},[84,53980,106],{"class":98},[84,53982,114],{"class":102},[84,53984,4737],{"class":98},[84,53986,53987],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,53988,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,53992,156],{"class":133},[84,53994,137],{"class":98},[84,53996,8649],{"class":146},[84,53998,150],{"class":98},[20,54000,172],{},[75,54002,54004],{"className":77,"code":54003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,54005,54006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54007,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54009,182],{"class":98},[84,54011,437],{"class":102},[84,54013,106],{"class":98},[84,54015,196],{"class":185},[84,54017,4697],{"class":189},[84,54019,186],{"class":185},[84,54021,106],{"class":98},[84,54023,4764],{"class":4704},[84,54025,106],{"class":98},[84,54027,11332],{"class":98},[84,54029,186],{"class":185},[84,54031,8508],{"class":189},[84,54033,186],{"class":185},[84,54035,3743],{"class":98},[84,54037,196],{"class":185},[84,54039,8517],{"class":189},[84,54041,186],{"class":185},[84,54043,54044],{"class":98},"},",[84,54046,99],{"class":98},[84,54048,103],{"class":102},[84,54050,106],{"class":98},[84,54052,109],{"class":102},[84,54054,106],{"class":98},[84,54056,114],{"class":102},[84,54058,54059],{"class":98},"]]\n",[20,54061,54062,54063,551,54065,307],{},"A list added with ",[15,54064,53469],{},[53,54066,54067],{},"one single item",[75,54069,54071],{"className":77,"code":54070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54072,54073,54089,54107,54111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54074,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54076,91],{"class":90},[84,54078,95],{"class":94},[84,54080,99],{"class":98},[84,54082,103],{"class":102},[84,54084,106],{"class":98},[84,54086,109],{"class":102},[84,54088,122],{"class":98},[84,54090,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54092,535],{"class":90},[84,54094,307],{"class":98},[84,54096,14397],{"class":146},[84,54098,3845],{"class":98},[84,54100,208],{"class":102},[84,54102,106],{"class":98},[84,54104,119],{"class":102},[84,54106,4737],{"class":98},[84,54108,54109],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54110,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54112,54113,54115,54117,54119],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54114,156],{"class":133},[84,54116,137],{"class":98},[84,54118,535],{"class":146},[84,54120,150],{"class":98},[20,54122,172],{},[75,54124,54126],{"className":77,"code":54125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,54127,54128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54129,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54131,182],{"class":98},[84,54133,103],{"class":102},[84,54135,106],{"class":98},[84,54137,109],{"class":102},[84,54139,106],{"class":98},[84,54141,99],{"class":98},[84,54143,208],{"class":102},[84,54145,106],{"class":98},[84,54147,119],{"class":102},[84,54149,54059],{"class":98},[20,54151,3144,54152,54155],{},[15,54153,54154],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,54157,54158,54159,54165],{},"This is different from ",[303,54160,54162],{"href":54161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,54163,54164],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[70,54167,54169],{"id":54168},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,54171,54172],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[995,54174,595,54176],{"id":54175},"using-append",[15,54177,53469],{},[75,54179,54180],{"className":77,"code":54070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54181,54182,54198,54216,54220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54183,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54185,91],{"class":90},[84,54187,95],{"class":94},[84,54189,99],{"class":98},[84,54191,103],{"class":102},[84,54193,106],{"class":98},[84,54195,109],{"class":102},[84,54197,122],{"class":98},[84,54199,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54201,535],{"class":90},[84,54203,307],{"class":98},[84,54205,14397],{"class":146},[84,54207,3845],{"class":98},[84,54209,208],{"class":102},[84,54211,106],{"class":98},[84,54213,119],{"class":102},[84,54215,4737],{"class":98},[84,54217,54218],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54219,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54221,54222,54224,54226,54228],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54223,156],{"class":133},[84,54225,137],{"class":98},[84,54227,535],{"class":146},[84,54229,150],{"class":98},[20,54231,172],{},[75,54233,54234],{"className":77,"code":54125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54235,54236],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54237,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254,54256],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54239,182],{"class":98},[84,54241,103],{"class":102},[84,54243,106],{"class":98},[84,54245,109],{"class":102},[84,54247,106],{"class":98},[84,54249,99],{"class":98},[84,54251,208],{"class":102},[84,54253,106],{"class":98},[84,54255,119],{"class":102},[84,54257,54059],{"class":98},[995,54259,595,54261],{"id":54260},"using-extend",[15,54262,54263],{},"extend()",[75,54265,54267],{"className":77,"code":54266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54268,54269,54285,54304,54308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54272,91],{"class":90},[84,54274,95],{"class":94},[84,54276,99],{"class":98},[84,54278,103],{"class":102},[84,54280,106],{"class":98},[84,54282,109],{"class":102},[84,54284,122],{"class":98},[84,54286,54287,54289,54291,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54288,535],{"class":90},[84,54290,307],{"class":98},[84,54292,54293],{"class":146},"extend",[84,54295,3845],{"class":98},[84,54297,208],{"class":102},[84,54299,106],{"class":98},[84,54301,119],{"class":102},[84,54303,4737],{"class":98},[84,54305,54306],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54307,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54309,54310,54312,54314,54316],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54311,156],{"class":133},[84,54313,137],{"class":98},[84,54315,535],{"class":146},[84,54317,150],{"class":98},[20,54319,172],{},[75,54321,54323],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54324,54325],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54326,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54328,182],{"class":98},[84,54330,103],{"class":102},[84,54332,106],{"class":98},[84,54334,109],{"class":102},[84,54336,106],{"class":98},[84,54338,114],{"class":102},[84,54340,106],{"class":98},[84,54342,119],{"class":102},[84,54344,122],{"class":98},[20,54346,54347],{},"The difference:",[30,54349,54350,54356,54362,54367],{},[33,54351,54352,54355],{},[15,54353,54354],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,54357,54358,54361],{},[15,54359,54360],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,54363,224,54364,54366],{},[15,54365,53469],{}," for one item",[33,54368,224,54369,54371],{},[15,54370,54263],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54373,54374,54375,307],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[303,54376,54377],{"href":54161},"Python list extend() method",[70,54379,2058],{"id":2057},[995,54381,54383],{"id":54382},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54385,26530],{},[75,54387,54389],{"className":77,"code":54388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54390,54391,54411,54429,54433],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54392,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54394,8620],{"class":90},[84,54396,95],{"class":94},[84,54398,99],{"class":98},[84,54400,103],{"class":102},[84,54402,106],{"class":98},[84,54404,109],{"class":102},[84,54406,106],{"class":98},[84,54408,114],{"class":102},[84,54410,122],{"class":98},[84,54412,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54414,8620],{"class":90},[84,54416,95],{"class":94},[84,54418,6808],{"class":90},[84,54420,307],{"class":98},[84,54422,14397],{"class":146},[84,54424,137],{"class":98},[84,54426,217],{"class":102},[84,54428,150],{"class":98},[84,54430,54431],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54432,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54434,54435,54437,54439,54441],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54436,156],{"class":133},[84,54438,137],{"class":98},[84,54440,8649],{"class":146},[84,54442,150],{"class":98},[20,54444,172],{},[75,54446,54447],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54448,54449],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54450,54451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54452,12651],{"class":4704},[20,54454,12743],{},[30,54456,54457,54462,54468],{},[33,54458,54459,54461],{},[15,54460,53469],{}," changes the list in place",[33,54463,54464,3254,54466],{},[15,54465,53469],{},[15,54467,4630],{},[33,54469,573,54470,54473,54474],{},[15,54471,54472],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54475,4630],{},[20,54477,11650],{},[75,54479,54481],{"className":77,"code":54480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54482,54483,54503,54517,54521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54484,54485,54487,54489,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54486,8620],{"class":90},[84,54488,95],{"class":94},[84,54490,99],{"class":98},[84,54492,103],{"class":102},[84,54494,106],{"class":98},[84,54496,109],{"class":102},[84,54498,106],{"class":98},[84,54500,114],{"class":102},[84,54502,122],{"class":98},[84,54504,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54506,8649],{"class":90},[84,54508,307],{"class":98},[84,54510,14397],{"class":146},[84,54512,137],{"class":98},[84,54514,217],{"class":102},[84,54516,150],{"class":98},[84,54518,54519],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54520,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54522,54523,54525,54527,54529],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54524,156],{"class":133},[84,54526,137],{"class":98},[84,54528,8649],{"class":146},[84,54530,150],{"class":98},[20,54532,172],{},[75,54534,54535],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54536,54537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54538,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54540,182],{"class":98},[84,54542,103],{"class":102},[84,54544,106],{"class":98},[84,54546,109],{"class":102},[84,54548,106],{"class":98},[84,54550,114],{"class":102},[84,54552,106],{"class":98},[84,54554,119],{"class":102},[84,54556,122],{"class":98},[995,54558,54560],{"id":54559},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54562,19755],{},[75,54564,54566],{"className":77,"code":54565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54567,54568,54592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54569,54570,54572,54574,54576,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54571,32724],{"class":90},[84,54573,95],{"class":94},[84,54575,99],{"class":98},[84,54577,103],{"class":102},[84,54579,106],{"class":98},[84,54581,109],{"class":102},[84,54583,14394],{"class":98},[84,54585,14397],{"class":146},[84,54587,137],{"class":98},[84,54589,208],{"class":102},[84,54591,150],{"class":98},[84,54593,54594,54596,54598,54600],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54595,156],{"class":133},[84,54597,137],{"class":98},[84,54599,32743],{"class":146},[84,54601,150],{"class":98},[20,54603,172],{},[75,54605,54606],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54607,54608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54609,54610],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54611,12651],{"class":4704},[20,54613,54614,54615,54617],{},"Remember: ",[15,54616,53469],{}," updates the list you already have.",[995,54619,54621],{"id":54620},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[75,54623,54624],{"className":77,"code":54070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54625,54626,54642,54660,54664],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54627,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54629,91],{"class":90},[84,54631,95],{"class":94},[84,54633,99],{"class":98},[84,54635,103],{"class":102},[84,54637,106],{"class":98},[84,54639,109],{"class":102},[84,54641,122],{"class":98},[84,54643,54644,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654,54656,54658],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54645,535],{"class":90},[84,54647,307],{"class":98},[84,54649,14397],{"class":146},[84,54651,3845],{"class":98},[84,54653,208],{"class":102},[84,54655,106],{"class":98},[84,54657,119],{"class":102},[84,54659,4737],{"class":98},[84,54661,54662],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54663,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54665,54666,54668,54670,54672],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54667,156],{"class":133},[84,54669,137],{"class":98},[84,54671,535],{"class":146},[84,54673,150],{"class":98},[20,54675,172],{},[75,54677,54678],{"className":77,"code":54125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54679,54680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698,54700],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54683,182],{"class":98},[84,54685,103],{"class":102},[84,54687,106],{"class":98},[84,54689,109],{"class":102},[84,54691,106],{"class":98},[84,54693,99],{"class":98},[84,54695,208],{"class":102},[84,54697,106],{"class":98},[84,54699,119],{"class":102},[84,54701,54059],{"class":98},[20,54703,4029,54704,54707,54708,7470],{},[15,54705,54706],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54709,54263],{},[995,54711,54713],{"id":54712},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54715,54716,54718],{},[15,54717,53469],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54720,54721,54722,307],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[303,54723,54725],{"href":54724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54726,54727],{},"list.insert()",[20,54729,814],{},[75,54731,54733],{"className":77,"code":54732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54734,54735,54759,54782,54786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54736,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54738,36928],{"class":90},[84,54740,95],{"class":94},[84,54742,99],{"class":98},[84,54744,3711],{"class":185},[84,54746,303],{"class":189},[84,54748,3711],{"class":185},[84,54750,106],{"class":98},[84,54752,4211],{"class":185},[84,54754,10580],{"class":189},[84,54756,3711],{"class":185},[84,54758,122],{"class":98},[84,54760,54761,54763,54765,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54762,36981],{"class":90},[84,54764,307],{"class":98},[84,54766,54767],{"class":146},"insert",[84,54769,137],{"class":98},[84,54771,103],{"class":102},[84,54773,106],{"class":98},[84,54775,4211],{"class":185},[84,54777,5608],{"class":189},[84,54779,3711],{"class":185},[84,54781,150],{"class":98},[84,54783,54784],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54785,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54787,54788,54790,54792,54794],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54789,156],{"class":133},[84,54791,137],{"class":98},[84,54793,36981],{"class":146},[84,54795,150],{"class":98},[20,54797,172],{},[75,54799,54800],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,54801,54802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54803,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54805,182],{"class":98},[84,54807,186],{"class":185},[84,54809,303],{"class":189},[84,54811,186],{"class":185},[84,54813,106],{"class":98},[84,54815,196],{"class":185},[84,54817,5608],{"class":189},[84,54819,186],{"class":185},[84,54821,106],{"class":98},[84,54823,196],{"class":185},[84,54825,10580],{"class":189},[84,54827,186],{"class":185},[84,54829,122],{"class":98},[70,54831,54833],{"id":54832},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54835,54836,54838],{},[15,54837,53469],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54840,37263],{},[30,54842,54843,54846,54849,54852],{},[33,54844,54845],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,54847,54848],{},"collecting user input",[33,54850,54851],{},"storing results step by step",[33,54853,54854],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54856,54857],{},"Example with a loop:",[75,54859,54861],{"className":77,"code":54860,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54862,54863,54872,54876,54897,54916,54920],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54864,54865,54868,54870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54866,54867],{"class":90},"squares ",[84,54869,95],{"class":94},[84,54871,8678],{"class":98},[84,54873,54874],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,54875,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54877,54878,54880,54882,54884,54887,54889,54891,54893,54895],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,54879,1428],{"class":633},[84,54881,7228],{"class":90},[84,54883,1434],{"class":633},[84,54885,54886],{"class":133}," range",[84,54888,137],{"class":98},[84,54890,103],{"class":102},[84,54892,106],{"class":98},[84,54894,5452],{"class":102},[84,54896,628],{"class":98},[84,54898,54899,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,54900,54901],{"class":90},"    squares",[84,54903,307],{"class":98},[84,54905,14397],{"class":146},[84,54907,137],{"class":98},[84,54909,3076],{"class":146},[84,54911,640],{"class":94},[84,54913,3056],{"class":146},[84,54915,150],{"class":98},[84,54917,54918],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,54919,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,54921,54922,54924,54926,54929],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,54923,156],{"class":133},[84,54925,137],{"class":98},[84,54927,54928],{"class":146},"squares",[84,54930,150],{"class":98},[20,54932,172],{},[75,54934,54936],{"className":77,"code":54935,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54937,54938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54939,54940,54942,54944,54946,54948,54950,54953,54955,54957],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,54941,182],{"class":98},[84,54943,103],{"class":102},[84,54945,106],{"class":98},[84,54947,119],{"class":102},[84,54949,106],{"class":98},[84,54951,54952],{"class":102}," 9",[84,54954,106],{"class":98},[84,54956,14832],{"class":102},[84,54958,122],{"class":98},[70,54960,2694],{"id":2693},[995,54962,54964],{"id":54963},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54966,47182,54967,54969,54970,307],{},[15,54968,53469],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54971,4630],{},[995,54973,54975],{"id":54974},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54977,54978,54979,307],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[303,54980,54981],{"href":54161},[15,54982,54263],{},[995,54984,54986],{"id":54985},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54988,54989],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54991,814],{},[75,54993,54995],{"className":77,"code":54994,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54996,54997,55013,55031,55035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,54998,54999,55001,55003,55005,55007,55009,55011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55000,10005],{"class":90},[84,55002,95],{"class":94},[84,55004,99],{"class":98},[84,55006,103],{"class":102},[84,55008,106],{"class":98},[84,55010,109],{"class":102},[84,55012,122],{"class":98},[84,55014,55015,55017,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55016,10044],{"class":90},[84,55018,307],{"class":98},[84,55020,14397],{"class":146},[84,55022,3845],{"class":98},[84,55024,208],{"class":102},[84,55026,106],{"class":98},[84,55028,119],{"class":102},[84,55030,4737],{"class":98},[84,55032,55033],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55034,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55036,55037,55039,55041,55043],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55038,156],{"class":133},[84,55040,137],{"class":98},[84,55042,10044],{"class":146},[84,55044,150],{"class":98},[20,55046,172],{},[75,55048,55049],{"className":77,"code":54125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,55050,55051],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55052,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55054,182],{"class":98},[84,55056,103],{"class":102},[84,55058,106],{"class":98},[84,55060,109],{"class":102},[84,55062,106],{"class":98},[84,55064,99],{"class":98},[84,55066,208],{"class":102},[84,55068,106],{"class":98},[84,55070,119],{"class":102},[84,55072,54059],{"class":98},[995,55074,55076],{"id":55075},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,55078,55079,55081,55082,55085],{},[15,55080,53469],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,55083,55084],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[70,55087,2751],{"id":2750},[30,55089,55090,55095,55099,55104,55108],{},[33,55091,55092],{},[303,55093,55094],{"href":53865},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,55096,55097],{},[303,55098,54377],{"href":54161},[33,55100,55101],{},[303,55102,55103],{"href":54724},"Python list insert() method",[33,55105,55106],{},[303,55107,53588],{"href":51795},[33,55109,55110],{},[303,55111,55113],{"href":55112},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2785,55115,55116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":55118},[55119,55120,55121,55122,55123,55124,55130,55136,55137,55143],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":53548,"depth":125,"text":53549},{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":53869,"depth":125,"text":53870},{"id":54168,"depth":125,"text":54169,"children":55125},[55126,55128],{"id":54175,"depth":153,"text":55127},"Using append()",{"id":54260,"depth":153,"text":55129},"Using extend()",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":55131},[55132,55133,55134,55135],{"id":54382,"depth":153,"text":54383},{"id":54559,"depth":153,"text":54560},{"id":54620,"depth":153,"text":54621},{"id":54712,"depth":153,"text":54713},{"id":54832,"depth":125,"text":54833},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":55138},[55139,55140,55141,55142],{"id":54963,"depth":153,"text":54964},{"id":54974,"depth":153,"text":54975},{"id":54985,"depth":153,"text":54986},{"id":55075,"depth":153,"text":55076},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53459,"description":55144},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":55151,"title":55152,"body":55153,"description":56396,"extension":2830,"meta":56397,"navigation":472,"path":56398,"seo":56399,"stem":56400,"__hash__":56401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":55154,"toc":56361},[55155,55161,55167,55173,55175,55223,55228,55233,55237,55253,55259,55261,55264,55279,55281,55292,55294,55296,55353,55355,55363,55365,55381,55387,55389,55395,55399,55483,55486,55535,55542,55550,55553,55567,55580,55586,55661,55668,55675,55749,55757,55760,55771,55780,55784,55788,55799,55801,55878,55899,55901,55911,55914,55962,55964,55984,55987,55989,56040,56046,56053,56120,56126,56132,56135,56162,56167,56173,56176,56248,56251,56262,56268,56270,56276,56279,56285,56291,56298,56306,56312,56318,56320,56358],[10,55156,55158,55159,12166],{"id":55157},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,55160,12165],{},[20,55162,55163,55166],{},[15,55164,55165],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,55168,55169,55170,55172],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[53,55171,12178],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[70,55174,4464],{"id":4463},[75,55176,55178],{"className":77,"code":55177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55179,55180,55200,55210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55181,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55183,8620],{"class":90},[84,55185,95],{"class":94},[84,55187,99],{"class":98},[84,55189,103],{"class":102},[84,55191,106],{"class":98},[84,55193,109],{"class":102},[84,55195,106],{"class":98},[84,55197,114],{"class":102},[84,55199,122],{"class":98},[84,55201,55202,55204,55206,55208],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55203,8649],{"class":90},[84,55205,307],{"class":98},[84,55207,12227],{"class":146},[84,55209,9482],{"class":98},[84,55211,55212,55214,55216,55218,55220],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55213,156],{"class":133},[84,55215,137],{"class":98},[84,55217,8649],{"class":146},[84,55219,1970],{"class":98},[84,55221,55222],{"class":4517},"  # []\n",[20,55224,224,55225,55227],{},[15,55226,12165],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[70,55229,235,55231,238],{"id":55230},"what-listclear-does",[15,55232,55165],{},[20,55234,55235,3743],{},[15,55236,55165],{},[30,55238,55239,55242,55245,55250],{},[33,55240,55241],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,55243,55244],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,55246,55247,55248],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,55249,4639],{},[33,55251,55252],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,55254,55255,55256,55258],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,55257,12165],{},", but it contains no values.",[70,55260,311],{"id":310},[20,55262,55263],{},"Syntax:",[75,55265,55267],{"className":77,"code":55266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,55268,55269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55270,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55272,9178],{"class":90},[84,55274,307],{"class":98},[84,55276,12227],{"class":146},[84,55278,9482],{"class":98},[20,55280,12303],{},[30,55282,55283,55286,55289],{},[33,55284,55285],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,55287,55288],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,55290,55291],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[70,55293,418],{"id":417},[20,55295,12321],{},[75,55297,55299],{"className":77,"code":55298,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,55300,55301,55325,55329,55339,55343],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55302,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55304,91],{"class":90},[84,55306,95],{"class":94},[84,55308,99],{"class":98},[84,55310,437],{"class":102},[84,55312,106],{"class":98},[84,55314,442],{"class":102},[84,55316,106],{"class":98},[84,55318,447],{"class":102},[84,55320,106],{"class":98},[84,55322,51659],{"class":102},[84,55324,122],{"class":98},[84,55326,55327],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55328,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55330,55331,55333,55335,55337],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55332,535],{"class":90},[84,55334,307],{"class":98},[84,55336,12227],{"class":146},[84,55338,9482],{"class":98},[84,55340,55341],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55342,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55344,55345,55347,55349,55351],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,55346,156],{"class":133},[84,55348,137],{"class":98},[84,55350,535],{"class":146},[84,55352,150],{"class":98},[20,55354,172],{},[75,55356,55357],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,55358,55359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55360,55361],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55362,1596],{"class":98},[20,55364,528],{},[30,55366,55367,55372,55378],{},[33,55368,55369,55371],{},[15,55370,535],{}," starts with four items",[33,55373,55374,55377],{},[15,55375,55376],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,55379,55380],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55382,55383,55384,307],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[303,55385,53588],{"href":55386},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[70,55388,18259],{"id":18258},[20,55390,55391,3254,55393,307],{},[15,55392,12165],{},[15,55394,4630],{},[20,55396,41723,55397,53484],{},[53,55398,55],{},[75,55400,55402],{"className":77,"code":55401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55403,55404,55436,55440,55454,55458,55471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55405,55406,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55407,8620],{"class":90},[84,55409,95],{"class":94},[84,55411,99],{"class":98},[84,55413,3711],{"class":185},[84,55415,303],{"class":189},[84,55417,3711],{"class":185},[84,55419,106],{"class":98},[84,55421,4211],{"class":185},[84,55423,5608],{"class":189},[84,55425,3711],{"class":185},[84,55427,106],{"class":98},[84,55429,4211],{"class":185},[84,55431,10580],{"class":189},[84,55433,3711],{"class":185},[84,55435,122],{"class":98},[84,55437,55438],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55439,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55441,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55443,128],{"class":90},[84,55445,95],{"class":94},[84,55447,6808],{"class":90},[84,55449,307],{"class":98},[84,55451,12227],{"class":146},[84,55453,9482],{"class":98},[84,55455,55456],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55457,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55459,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,55461,156],{"class":133},[84,55463,137],{"class":98},[84,55465,8649],{"class":146},[84,55467,1970],{"class":98},[84,55469,55470],{"class":4517},"   # []\n",[84,55472,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,55474,156],{"class":133},[84,55476,137],{"class":98},[84,55478,166],{"class":146},[84,55480,1970],{"class":98},[84,55482,21718],{"class":4517},[20,55484,55485],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[75,55487,55489],{"className":77,"code":55488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55490,55491,55511,55525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55492,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55494,8620],{"class":90},[84,55496,95],{"class":94},[84,55498,99],{"class":98},[84,55500,103],{"class":102},[84,55502,106],{"class":98},[84,55504,109],{"class":102},[84,55506,106],{"class":98},[84,55508,114],{"class":102},[84,55510,122],{"class":98},[84,55512,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55514,8620],{"class":90},[84,55516,95],{"class":94},[84,55518,6808],{"class":90},[84,55520,307],{"class":98},[84,55522,12227],{"class":146},[84,55524,9482],{"class":98},[84,55526,55527,55529,55531,55533],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55528,156],{"class":133},[84,55530,137],{"class":98},[84,55532,8649],{"class":146},[84,55534,150],{"class":98},[20,55536,12759,55537,551,55539,55541],{},[15,55538,8649],{},[15,55540,4630],{},", not an empty list.",[70,55543,55545,55547,55548],{"id":55544},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55546,12165],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55549,4639],{},[20,55551,55552],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[75,55554,55555],{"className":77,"code":55266,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,55556,55557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55558,55559,55561,55563,55565],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55560,9178],{"class":90},[84,55562,307],{"class":98},[84,55564,12227],{"class":146},[84,55566,9482],{"class":98},[75,55568,55570],{"className":77,"code":55569,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n",[15,55571,55572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55573,55574,55576,55578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55575,9147],{"class":90},[84,55577,95],{"class":94},[84,55579,8678],{"class":98},[995,55581,55583,55585],{"id":55582},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55584,12165],{}," empties the same list object",[75,55587,55589],{"className":77,"code":55588,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55590,55591,55611,55619,55623,55633,55637,55649],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55592,55593,55595,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607,55609],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55594,3410],{"class":90},[84,55596,95],{"class":94},[84,55598,99],{"class":98},[84,55600,103],{"class":102},[84,55602,106],{"class":98},[84,55604,109],{"class":102},[84,55606,106],{"class":98},[84,55608,114],{"class":102},[84,55610,122],{"class":98},[84,55612,55613,55615,55617],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55614,3437],{"class":90},[84,55616,95],{"class":94},[84,55618,37013],{"class":90},[84,55620,55621],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55622,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55624,55625,55627,55629,55631],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55626,303],{"class":90},[84,55628,307],{"class":98},[84,55630,12227],{"class":146},[84,55632,9482],{"class":98},[84,55634,55635],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,55636,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55638,55639,55641,55643,55645,55647],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,55640,156],{"class":133},[84,55642,137],{"class":98},[84,55644,303],{"class":146},[84,55646,1970],{"class":98},[84,55648,55222],{"class":4517},[84,55650,55651,55653,55655,55657,55659],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,55652,156],{"class":133},[84,55654,137],{"class":98},[84,55656,5608],{"class":146},[84,55658,1970],{"class":98},[84,55660,55222],{"class":4517},[20,55662,11432,55663,5241,55665,55667],{},[15,55664,303],{},[15,55666,5608],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[995,55669,55671,55674],{"id":55670},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55672,55673],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[75,55676,55678],{"className":77,"code":55677,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55679,55680,55700,55708,55712,55720,55724,55736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55681,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55683,3410],{"class":90},[84,55685,95],{"class":94},[84,55687,99],{"class":98},[84,55689,103],{"class":102},[84,55691,106],{"class":98},[84,55693,109],{"class":102},[84,55695,106],{"class":98},[84,55697,114],{"class":102},[84,55699,122],{"class":98},[84,55701,55702,55704,55706],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55703,3437],{"class":90},[84,55705,95],{"class":94},[84,55707,37013],{"class":90},[84,55709,55710],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55711,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55713,55714,55716,55718],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55715,3410],{"class":90},[84,55717,95],{"class":94},[84,55719,8678],{"class":98},[84,55721,55722],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,55723,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55725,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,55727,156],{"class":133},[84,55729,137],{"class":98},[84,55731,303],{"class":146},[84,55733,1970],{"class":98},[84,55735,55222],{"class":4517},[84,55737,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,55739,156],{"class":133},[84,55741,137],{"class":98},[84,55743,5608],{"class":146},[84,55745,1970],{"class":98},[84,55747,55748],{"class":4517},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55750,21613,55751,55753,55754,55756],{},[15,55752,303],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55755,5608],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55758,55759],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,55761,55762,55765,55768],{},[33,55763,55764],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,55766,55767],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,55769,55770],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55772,55773,55774,307],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[303,55775,55777,55778,11583],{"href":55776},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55779,13619],{},[70,55781,1741,55782],{"id":13281},[15,55783,12165],{},[20,55785,224,55786,7160],{},[15,55787,12165],{},[30,55789,55790,55793,55796],{},[33,55791,55792],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,55794,55795],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,55797,55798],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55800,814],{},[75,55802,55804],{"className":77,"code":55803,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55805,55806,55842,55846,55851,55862,55866],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55807,55808,55811,55813,55815,55817,55820,55822,55824,55826,55829,55831,55833,55835,55838,55840],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55809,55810],{"class":90},"shopping_cart ",[84,55812,95],{"class":94},[84,55814,99],{"class":98},[84,55816,3711],{"class":185},[84,55818,55819],{"class":189},"milk",[84,55821,3711],{"class":185},[84,55823,106],{"class":98},[84,55825,4211],{"class":185},[84,55827,55828],{"class":189},"bread",[84,55830,3711],{"class":185},[84,55832,106],{"class":98},[84,55834,4211],{"class":185},[84,55836,55837],{"class":189},"eggs",[84,55839,3711],{"class":185},[84,55841,122],{"class":98},[84,55843,55844],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55845,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55847,55848],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55849,55850],{"class":4517},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[84,55852,55853,55856,55858,55860],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55854,55855],{"class":90},"shopping_cart",[84,55857,307],{"class":98},[84,55859,12227],{"class":146},[84,55861,9482],{"class":98},[84,55863,55864],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,55865,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55867,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,55869,156],{"class":133},[84,55871,137],{"class":98},[84,55873,55855],{"class":146},[84,55875,1970],{"class":98},[84,55877,55222],{"class":4517},[20,55879,55880,55881,55885,55886,55892,55893,307],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[303,55882,55884],{"href":55883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[303,55887,55889,11583],{"href":55888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55890,55891],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[303,55894,55896,11583],{"href":55895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55897,55898],{},"list.pop()",[70,55900,2058],{"id":2057},[995,55902,55904,55905,11935,55908],{"id":55903},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55906,55907],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55909,55910],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55912,55913],{},"This does not call the method.",[75,55915,55917],{"className":77,"code":55916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55918,55919,55939,55943,55952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55920,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55922,8620],{"class":90},[84,55924,95],{"class":94},[84,55926,99],{"class":98},[84,55928,103],{"class":102},[84,55930,106],{"class":98},[84,55932,109],{"class":102},[84,55934,106],{"class":98},[84,55936,114],{"class":102},[84,55938,122],{"class":98},[84,55940,55941],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,55942,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,55944,55945,55947,55949],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,55946,8649],{"class":90},[84,55948,307],{"class":98},[84,55950,55951],{"class":25590},"clear\n",[84,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,55955,156],{"class":133},[84,55957,137],{"class":98},[84,55959,8649],{"class":146},[84,55961,150],{"class":98},[20,55963,172],{},[75,55965,55966],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,55967,55968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55969,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55971,182],{"class":98},[84,55973,103],{"class":102},[84,55975,106],{"class":98},[84,55977,109],{"class":102},[84,55979,106],{"class":98},[84,55981,114],{"class":102},[84,55983,122],{"class":98},[20,55985,55986],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55988,11650],{},[75,55990,55992],{"className":77,"code":55991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55993,55994,56014,56018,56028],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,55995,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,55997,8620],{"class":90},[84,55999,95],{"class":94},[84,56001,99],{"class":98},[84,56003,103],{"class":102},[84,56005,106],{"class":98},[84,56007,109],{"class":102},[84,56009,106],{"class":98},[84,56011,114],{"class":102},[84,56013,122],{"class":98},[84,56015,56016],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56017,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56019,56020,56022,56024,56026],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56021,8649],{"class":90},[84,56023,307],{"class":98},[84,56025,12227],{"class":146},[84,56027,9482],{"class":98},[84,56029,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56031,156],{"class":133},[84,56033,137],{"class":98},[84,56035,8649],{"class":146},[84,56037,1970],{"class":98},[84,56039,55222],{"class":4517},[995,56041,9291,56043,56045],{"id":56042},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,56044,12165],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,56047,56048,3254,56050,56052],{},[15,56049,12165],{},[15,56051,4630],{},", not the list.",[75,56054,56056],{"className":77,"code":56055,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,56057,56058,56078,56092,56096,56108],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56059,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56061,8620],{"class":90},[84,56063,95],{"class":94},[84,56065,99],{"class":98},[84,56067,103],{"class":102},[84,56069,106],{"class":98},[84,56071,109],{"class":102},[84,56073,106],{"class":98},[84,56075,114],{"class":102},[84,56077,122],{"class":98},[84,56079,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56081,128],{"class":90},[84,56083,95],{"class":94},[84,56085,6808],{"class":90},[84,56087,307],{"class":98},[84,56089,12227],{"class":146},[84,56091,9482],{"class":98},[84,56093,56094],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56095,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56097,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56099,156],{"class":133},[84,56101,137],{"class":98},[84,56103,166],{"class":146},[84,56105,1970],{"class":98},[84,56107,21718],{"class":4517},[84,56109,56110,56112,56114,56116,56118],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,56111,156],{"class":133},[84,56113,137],{"class":98},[84,56115,8649],{"class":146},[84,56117,1970],{"class":98},[84,56119,55470],{"class":4517},[995,56121,595,56123,56125],{"id":56122},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,56124,12165],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,56127,56128,56129,56131],{},"Some types have a ",[15,56130,12165],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,56133,56134],{},"This will fail:",[75,56136,56138],{"className":77,"code":56137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,56139,56140,56152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56141,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56143,35526],{"class":90},[84,56145,95],{"class":94},[84,56147,4211],{"class":185},[84,56149,4697],{"class":189},[84,56151,4217],{"class":185},[84,56153,56154,56156,56158,56160],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56155,35547],{"class":90},[84,56157,307],{"class":98},[84,56159,12227],{"class":146},[84,56161,9482],{"class":98},[20,56163,56164,56165,34441],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,56166,12165],{},[20,56168,56169,56170,56172],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,56171,4630],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,56174,56175],{},"Useful checks:",[75,56177,56179],{"className":77,"code":56178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,56180,56181,56191,56205,56219,56228,56238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56182,56183,56185,56187,56189],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56184,156],{"class":133},[84,56186,137],{"class":98},[84,56188,9178],{"class":146},[84,56190,150],{"class":98},[84,56192,56193,56195,56197,56199,56201,56203],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56194,156],{"class":133},[84,56196,137],{"class":98},[84,56198,2624],{"class":140},[84,56200,137],{"class":98},[84,56202,9178],{"class":146},[84,56204,169],{"class":98},[84,56206,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56208,156],{"class":133},[84,56210,137],{"class":98},[84,56212,13493],{"class":133},[84,56214,137],{"class":98},[84,56216,9178],{"class":146},[84,56218,169],{"class":98},[84,56220,56221,56223,56225],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56222,44367],{"class":90},[84,56224,95],{"class":94},[84,56226,56227],{"class":90}," my_list\n",[84,56229,56230,56232,56234,56236],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,56231,9178],{"class":90},[84,56233,307],{"class":98},[84,56235,12227],{"class":146},[84,56237,9482],{"class":98},[84,56239,56240,56242,56244,56246],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,56241,156],{"class":133},[84,56243,137],{"class":98},[84,56245,31584],{"class":146},[84,56247,150],{"class":98},[20,56249,56250],{},"These can help you see:",[30,56252,56253,56256,56259],{},[33,56254,56255],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,56257,56258],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,56260,56261],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,56263,56264,56265,307],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[303,56266,56267],{"href":55112},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[70,56269,2694],{"id":2693},[995,56271,2698,56273,56275],{"id":56272},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,56274,55165],{}," delete the list?",[20,56277,56278],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[995,56280,2698,56282,56284],{"id":56281},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,56283,55165],{}," return a new list?",[20,56286,56287,56288,56290],{},"No. It returns ",[15,56289,4630],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[995,56292,6024,56294,5241,56296,3348],{"id":56293},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,56295,12165],{},[15,56297,55673],{},[20,56299,56300,56302,56303,56305],{},[15,56301,12165],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,56304,55673],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[995,56307,29169,56309,56311],{"id":56308},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,56310,12165],{}," on other types?",[20,56313,56314,56315,56317],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56316,12165],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[70,56319,2751],{"id":2750},[30,56321,56322,56326,56331,56338,56345,56351],{},[33,56323,56324],{},[303,56325,53588],{"href":55386},[33,56327,56328],{},[303,56329,56330],{"href":55883},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,56332,56333],{},[303,56334,56335,56336,11583],{"href":55895},"Python list ",[15,56337,13605],{},[33,56339,56340],{},[303,56341,56335,56342,11583],{"href":55888},[15,56343,56344],{},"remove()",[33,56346,56347],{},[303,56348,56335,56349,11583],{"href":55776},[15,56350,13619],{},[33,56352,56353],{},[303,56354,31189,56355,34474],{"href":55112},[15,56356,56357],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2785,56359,56360],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":56362},[56363,56364,56366,56367,56368,56369,56376,56377,56385,56395],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":55230,"depth":125,"text":56365},"What list.clear() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":55544,"depth":125,"text":56370,"children":56371},"clear() vs assigning []",[56372,56374],{"id":55582,"depth":153,"text":56373},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55670,"depth":153,"text":56375},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13281,"depth":125,"text":13651},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":56378},[56379,56381,56383],{"id":55903,"depth":153,"text":56380},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":56042,"depth":153,"text":56382},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":56122,"depth":153,"text":56384},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":56386},[56387,56389,56391,56393],{"id":56272,"depth":153,"text":56388},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56281,"depth":153,"text":56390},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56293,"depth":153,"text":56392},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56308,"depth":153,"text":56394},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":55152,"description":56396},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56403,"title":56404,"body":56405,"description":58090,"extension":2830,"meta":58091,"navigation":472,"path":58092,"seo":58093,"stem":58094,"__hash__":58095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56406,"toc":58058},[56407,56412,56418,56426,56428,56517,56524,56529,56533,56547,56549,56626,56628,56689,56692,56694,56696,56717,56720,56734,56737,56782,56784,56792,56795,56801,56807,56810,56887,56889,56934,56937,56942,57025,57027,57068,57073,57077,57083,57085,57093,57096,57189,57191,57249,57252,57268,57273,57283,57288,57290,57295,57300,57303,57305,57362,57365,57418,57424,57429,57433,57450,57452,57536,57538,57579,57587,57589,57594,57600,57602,57665,57670,57740,57744,57779,57782,57784,57823,57827,57903,57909,57915,57920,57942,57945,57964,57972,57974,57980,57983,57990,57998,58003,58006,58010,58016,58024,58027,58029,58055],[10,56408,55158,56410,12166],{"id":56409},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56411,13619],{},[20,56413,56414,56417],{},[15,56415,56416],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56419,56420,56421,51,56423,56425],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56422,95],{},[53,56424,55],{}," make a real copy.",[70,56427,73],{"id":72},[75,56429,56431],{"className":77,"code":56430,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56432,56433,56453,56468,56472,56487,56491,56504],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56434,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56436,91],{"class":90},[84,56438,95],{"class":94},[84,56440,99],{"class":98},[84,56442,103],{"class":102},[84,56444,106],{"class":98},[84,56446,109],{"class":102},[84,56448,106],{"class":98},[84,56450,114],{"class":102},[84,56452,122],{"class":98},[84,56454,56455,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56456,56457],{"class":90},"new_numbers ",[84,56459,95],{"class":94},[84,56461,147],{"class":90},[84,56463,307],{"class":98},[84,56465,13754],{"class":146},[84,56467,9482],{"class":98},[84,56469,56470],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56471,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56473,56474,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56475,56476],{"class":90},"new_numbers",[84,56478,307],{"class":98},[84,56480,14397],{"class":146},[84,56482,137],{"class":98},[84,56484,217],{"class":102},[84,56486,150],{"class":98},[84,56488,56489],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,56490,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56492,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,56494,156],{"class":133},[84,56496,137],{"class":98},[84,56498,535],{"class":146},[84,56500,1970],{"class":98},[84,56502,56503],{"class":4517},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[84,56505,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,56507,156],{"class":133},[84,56509,137],{"class":98},[84,56511,56476],{"class":146},[84,56513,1970],{"class":98},[84,56515,56516],{"class":4517},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56518,224,56519,56521,56522,307],{},[15,56520,56416],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[53,56523,13693],{},[70,56525,235,56527,238],{"id":56526},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56528,56416],{},[20,56530,56531,3743],{},[15,56532,56416],{},[30,56534,56535,56538,56541,56544],{},[33,56536,56537],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,56539,56540],{},"Returns that new list",[33,56542,56543],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,56545,56546],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56548,814],{},[75,56550,56552],{"className":77,"code":56551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56553,56554,56586,56601,56605,56615],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56555,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56557,37076],{"class":90},[84,56559,95],{"class":94},[84,56561,99],{"class":98},[84,56563,3711],{"class":185},[84,56565,4928],{"class":189},[84,56567,3711],{"class":185},[84,56569,106],{"class":98},[84,56571,4211],{"class":185},[84,56573,4937],{"class":189},[84,56575,3711],{"class":185},[84,56577,106],{"class":98},[84,56579,4211],{"class":185},[84,56581,34061],{"class":189},[84,56583,3711],{"class":185},[84,56585,122],{"class":98},[84,56587,56588,56591,56593,56595,56597,56599],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56589,56590],{"class":90},"copied_fruits ",[84,56592,95],{"class":94},[84,56594,53668],{"class":90},[84,56596,307],{"class":98},[84,56598,13754],{"class":146},[84,56600,9482],{"class":98},[84,56602,56603],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56604,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56606,56607,56609,56611,56613],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56608,156],{"class":133},[84,56610,137],{"class":98},[84,56612,37128],{"class":146},[84,56614,150],{"class":98},[84,56616,56617,56619,56621,56624],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,56618,156],{"class":133},[84,56620,137],{"class":98},[84,56622,56623],{"class":146},"copied_fruits",[84,56625,150],{"class":98},[20,56627,172],{},[75,56629,56631],{"className":77,"code":56630,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56632,56633,56661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56634,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56636,182],{"class":98},[84,56638,186],{"class":185},[84,56640,4928],{"class":189},[84,56642,186],{"class":185},[84,56644,106],{"class":98},[84,56646,196],{"class":185},[84,56648,4937],{"class":189},[84,56650,186],{"class":185},[84,56652,106],{"class":98},[84,56654,196],{"class":185},[84,56656,34061],{"class":189},[84,56658,186],{"class":185},[84,56660,122],{"class":98},[84,56662,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56664,182],{"class":98},[84,56666,186],{"class":185},[84,56668,4928],{"class":189},[84,56670,186],{"class":185},[84,56672,106],{"class":98},[84,56674,196],{"class":185},[84,56676,4937],{"class":189},[84,56678,186],{"class":185},[84,56680,106],{"class":98},[84,56682,196],{"class":185},[84,56684,34061],{"class":189},[84,56686,186],{"class":185},[84,56688,122],{"class":98},[20,56690,56691],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[70,56693,311],{"id":310},[20,56695,3023],{},[75,56697,56699],{"className":77,"code":56698,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56700,56701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56702,56703,56706,56708,56711,56713,56715],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56704,56705],{"class":90},"new_list ",[84,56707,95],{"class":94},[84,56709,56710],{"class":90}," old_list",[84,56712,307],{"class":98},[84,56714,13754],{"class":146},[84,56716,9482],{"class":98},[20,56718,56719],{},"How it works:",[30,56721,56722,56728,56731],{},[33,56723,56724,56725,56727],{},"Call ",[15,56726,13619],{}," on an existing list",[33,56729,56730],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,56732,56733],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56735,56736],{},"Example with an empty list:",[75,56738,56740],{"className":77,"code":56739,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56741,56742,56751,56767,56771],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56743,56744,56747,56749],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56745,56746],{"class":90},"empty_list ",[84,56748,95],{"class":94},[84,56750,8678],{"class":98},[84,56752,56753,56756,56758,56761,56763,56765],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56754,56755],{"class":90},"new_empty_list ",[84,56757,95],{"class":94},[84,56759,56760],{"class":90}," empty_list",[84,56762,307],{"class":98},[84,56764,13754],{"class":146},[84,56766,9482],{"class":98},[84,56768,56769],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56770,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56772,56773,56775,56777,56780],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56774,156],{"class":133},[84,56776,137],{"class":98},[84,56778,56779],{"class":146},"new_empty_list",[84,56781,150],{"class":98},[20,56783,172],{},[75,56785,56786],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,56787,56788],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56789,56790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56791,1596],{"class":98},[20,56793,56794],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[70,56796,56798,56799],{"id":56797},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56800,95],{},[20,56802,595,56803,51,56805,53484],{},[15,56804,95],{},[53,56806,55],{},[20,56808,56809],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[75,56811,56813],{"className":77,"code":56812,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56814,56815,56835,56844,56848,56863,56867,56877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56816,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56818,91],{"class":90},[84,56820,95],{"class":94},[84,56822,99],{"class":98},[84,56824,103],{"class":102},[84,56826,106],{"class":98},[84,56828,109],{"class":102},[84,56830,106],{"class":98},[84,56832,114],{"class":102},[84,56834,122],{"class":98},[84,56836,56837,56840,56842],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56838,56839],{"class":90},"same_list ",[84,56841,95],{"class":94},[84,56843,44800],{"class":90},[84,56845,56846],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56847,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56849,56850,56853,56855,56857,56859,56861],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56851,56852],{"class":90},"same_list",[84,56854,307],{"class":98},[84,56856,14397],{"class":146},[84,56858,137],{"class":98},[84,56860,217],{"class":102},[84,56862,150],{"class":98},[84,56864,56865],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,56866,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56868,56869,56871,56873,56875],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,56870,156],{"class":133},[84,56872,137],{"class":98},[84,56874,535],{"class":146},[84,56876,150],{"class":98},[84,56878,56879,56881,56883,56885],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,56880,156],{"class":133},[84,56882,137],{"class":98},[84,56884,56852],{"class":146},[84,56886,150],{"class":98},[20,56888,172],{},[75,56890,56892],{"className":77,"code":56891,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56893,56894,56914],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56895,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56897,182],{"class":98},[84,56899,103],{"class":102},[84,56901,106],{"class":98},[84,56903,109],{"class":102},[84,56905,106],{"class":98},[84,56907,114],{"class":102},[84,56909,106],{"class":98},[84,56911,119],{"class":102},[84,56913,122],{"class":98},[84,56915,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56917,182],{"class":98},[84,56919,103],{"class":102},[84,56921,106],{"class":98},[84,56923,109],{"class":102},[84,56925,106],{"class":98},[84,56927,114],{"class":102},[84,56929,106],{"class":98},[84,56931,119],{"class":102},[84,56933,122],{"class":98},[20,56935,56936],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56938,56939,56940,3743],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56941,13619],{},[75,56943,56945],{"className":77,"code":56944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56946,56947,56967,56982,56986,57001,57005,57015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,56948,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,56950,91],{"class":90},[84,56952,95],{"class":94},[84,56954,99],{"class":98},[84,56956,103],{"class":102},[84,56958,106],{"class":98},[84,56960,109],{"class":102},[84,56962,106],{"class":98},[84,56964,114],{"class":102},[84,56966,122],{"class":98},[84,56968,56969,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,56970,56971],{"class":90},"copied_numbers ",[84,56973,95],{"class":94},[84,56975,147],{"class":90},[84,56977,307],{"class":98},[84,56979,13754],{"class":146},[84,56981,9482],{"class":98},[84,56983,56984],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,56985,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,56987,56988,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,56989,56990],{"class":90},"copied_numbers",[84,56992,307],{"class":98},[84,56994,14397],{"class":146},[84,56996,137],{"class":98},[84,56998,217],{"class":102},[84,57000,150],{"class":98},[84,57002,57003],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57004,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57006,57007,57009,57011,57013],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,57008,156],{"class":133},[84,57010,137],{"class":98},[84,57012,535],{"class":146},[84,57014,150],{"class":98},[84,57016,57017,57019,57021,57023],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,57018,156],{"class":133},[84,57020,137],{"class":98},[84,57022,56990],{"class":146},[84,57024,150],{"class":98},[20,57026,172],{},[75,57028,57030],{"className":77,"code":57029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57031,57032,57048],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57033,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044,57046],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57035,182],{"class":98},[84,57037,103],{"class":102},[84,57039,106],{"class":98},[84,57041,109],{"class":102},[84,57043,106],{"class":98},[84,57045,114],{"class":102},[84,57047,122],{"class":98},[84,57049,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57051,182],{"class":98},[84,57053,103],{"class":102},[84,57055,106],{"class":98},[84,57057,109],{"class":102},[84,57059,106],{"class":98},[84,57061,114],{"class":102},[84,57063,106],{"class":98},[84,57065,119],{"class":102},[84,57067,122],{"class":98},[20,57069,57070,57071,307],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[303,57072,53588],{"href":51795},[70,57074,57076],{"id":57075},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,57078,57079,13690,57081,307],{},[15,57080,56416],{},[53,57082,13693],{},[20,57084,2970],{},[30,57086,57087,57090],{},[33,57088,57089],{},"The outer list is new",[33,57091,57092],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,57094,57095],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[75,57097,57099],{"className":77,"code":57098,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,57100,57101,57128,57142,57146,57165,57169,57179],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57102,57103,57105,57107,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57104,12929],{"class":90},[84,57106,95],{"class":94},[84,57108,57109],{"class":98}," [[",[84,57111,103],{"class":102},[84,57113,106],{"class":98},[84,57115,109],{"class":102},[84,57117,18903],{"class":98},[84,57119,99],{"class":98},[84,57121,208],{"class":102},[84,57123,106],{"class":98},[84,57125,119],{"class":102},[84,57127,54059],{"class":98},[84,57129,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57131,15155],{"class":90},[84,57133,95],{"class":94},[84,57135,13004],{"class":90},[84,57137,307],{"class":98},[84,57139,13754],{"class":146},[84,57141,9482],{"class":98},[84,57143,57144],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57145,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57147,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158,57160,57163],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57149,15174],{"class":90},[84,57151,182],{"class":98},[84,57153,2983],{"class":102},[84,57155,14394],{"class":98},[84,57157,14397],{"class":146},[84,57159,137],{"class":98},[84,57161,57162],{"class":102},"99",[84,57164,150],{"class":98},[84,57166,57167],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57168,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57170,57171,57173,57175,57177],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,57172,156],{"class":133},[84,57174,137],{"class":98},[84,57176,12976],{"class":146},[84,57178,150],{"class":98},[84,57180,57181,57183,57185,57187],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,57182,156],{"class":133},[84,57184,137],{"class":98},[84,57186,15174],{"class":146},[84,57188,150],{"class":98},[20,57190,172],{},[75,57192,57194],{"className":77,"code":57193,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,57195,57196,57223],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57197,57198,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57199,57200],{"class":98},"[[",[84,57202,103],{"class":102},[84,57204,106],{"class":98},[84,57206,109],{"class":102},[84,57208,106],{"class":98},[84,57210,11038],{"class":102},[84,57212,18903],{"class":98},[84,57214,99],{"class":98},[84,57216,208],{"class":102},[84,57218,106],{"class":98},[84,57220,119],{"class":102},[84,57222,54059],{"class":98},[84,57224,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57226,57200],{"class":98},[84,57228,103],{"class":102},[84,57230,106],{"class":98},[84,57232,109],{"class":102},[84,57234,106],{"class":98},[84,57236,11038],{"class":102},[84,57238,18903],{"class":98},[84,57240,99],{"class":98},[84,57242,208],{"class":102},[84,57244,106],{"class":98},[84,57246,119],{"class":102},[84,57248,54059],{"class":98},[20,57250,57251],{},"Why did both change?",[30,57253,57254,57261],{},[33,57255,57256,5241,57258,57260],{},[15,57257,12976],{},[15,57259,15174],{}," are different outer lists",[33,57262,57263,57264,57267],{},"But the inner list ",[15,57265,57266],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,57269,573,57270,57272],{},[15,57271,13619],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,57274,57275,57278,57281],{},[33,57276,57277],{},"Numbers",[33,57279,57280],{},"Strings",[33,57282,41412],{},[20,57284,57285,57286,307],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[303,57287,14635],{"href":14634},[70,57289,18259],{"id":18258},[20,57291,57292,57294],{},[15,57293,56416],{}," returns a new list.",[20,57296,41723,57297,57299],{},[53,57298,55],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,57301,57302],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,57304,2211],{},[75,57306,57308],{"className":77,"code":57307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,57309,57310,57334,57348,57352],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57311,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57313,13919],{"class":90},[84,57315,95],{"class":94},[84,57317,99],{"class":98},[84,57319,3711],{"class":185},[84,57321,13936],{"class":189},[84,57323,3711],{"class":185},[84,57325,106],{"class":98},[84,57327,4211],{"class":185},[84,57329,13953],{"class":189},[84,57331,3711],{"class":185},[84,57333,122],{"class":98},[84,57335,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57337,13962],{"class":90},[84,57339,95],{"class":94},[84,57341,13967],{"class":90},[84,57343,307],{"class":98},[84,57345,13754],{"class":146},[84,57347,9482],{"class":98},[84,57349,57350],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57351,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57353,57354,57356,57358,57360],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57355,156],{"class":133},[84,57357,137],{"class":98},[84,57359,13986],{"class":146},[84,57361,150],{"class":98},[20,57363,57364],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[75,57366,57368],{"className":77,"code":57367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57369,57370,57394,57404,57408],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57371,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57373,13919],{"class":90},[84,57375,95],{"class":94},[84,57377,99],{"class":98},[84,57379,3711],{"class":185},[84,57381,13936],{"class":189},[84,57383,3711],{"class":185},[84,57385,106],{"class":98},[84,57387,4211],{"class":185},[84,57389,13953],{"class":189},[84,57391,3711],{"class":185},[84,57393,122],{"class":98},[84,57395,57396,57398,57400,57402],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57397,18343],{"class":90},[84,57399,307],{"class":98},[84,57401,13754],{"class":146},[84,57403,9482],{"class":98},[84,57405,57406],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57407,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57409,57410,57412,57414,57416],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57411,156],{"class":133},[84,57413,137],{"class":98},[84,57415,18343],{"class":146},[84,57417,150],{"class":98},[20,57419,57420,57421,57423],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57422,13619],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[70,57425,1741,57427],{"id":57426},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57428,56416],{},[20,57430,224,57431,11443],{},[15,57432,56416],{},[30,57434,57435,57438,57441,57444],{},[33,57436,57437],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,57439,57440],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,57442,57443],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,57445,57446,57447],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57448,57449],{},"[:]",[20,57451,814],{},[75,57453,57455],{"className":77,"code":57454,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57456,57457,57477,57492,57496,57511,57515,57525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57458,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57460,5911],{"class":90},[84,57462,95],{"class":94},[84,57464,99],{"class":98},[84,57466,437],{"class":102},[84,57468,106],{"class":98},[84,57470,442],{"class":102},[84,57472,106],{"class":98},[84,57474,447],{"class":102},[84,57476,122],{"class":98},[84,57478,57479,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57480,57481],{"class":90},"backup_scores ",[84,57483,95],{"class":94},[84,57485,5958],{"class":90},[84,57487,307],{"class":98},[84,57489,13754],{"class":146},[84,57491,9482],{"class":98},[84,57493,57494],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57495,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57497,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57509],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57499,17231],{"class":90},[84,57501,307],{"class":98},[84,57503,14397],{"class":146},[84,57505,137],{"class":98},[84,57507,57508],{"class":102},"40",[84,57510,150],{"class":98},[84,57512,57513],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57514,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57516,57517,57519,57521,57523],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,57518,156],{"class":133},[84,57520,137],{"class":98},[84,57522,17231],{"class":146},[84,57524,150],{"class":98},[84,57526,57527,57529,57531,57534],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,57528,156],{"class":133},[84,57530,137],{"class":98},[84,57532,57533],{"class":146},"backup_scores",[84,57535,150],{"class":98},[20,57537,172],{},[75,57539,57541],{"className":77,"code":57540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57542,57543,57563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57544,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57546,182],{"class":98},[84,57548,437],{"class":102},[84,57550,106],{"class":98},[84,57552,442],{"class":102},[84,57554,106],{"class":98},[84,57556,447],{"class":102},[84,57558,106],{"class":98},[84,57560,51659],{"class":102},[84,57562,122],{"class":98},[84,57564,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57566,182],{"class":98},[84,57568,437],{"class":102},[84,57570,106],{"class":98},[84,57572,442],{"class":102},[84,57574,106],{"class":98},[84,57576,447],{"class":102},[84,57578,122],{"class":98},[20,57580,57581,57582,307],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[303,57583,56335,57585,11583],{"href":57584},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57586,53469],{},[70,57588,2058],{"id":2057},[20,57590,57591,57592,307],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57593,56416],{},[995,57595,595,57597,57599],{"id":57596},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57598,95],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57601,40023],{},[75,57603,57605],{"className":77,"code":57604,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57606,57607,57627,57635,57649,57653],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57608,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57610,3410],{"class":90},[84,57612,95],{"class":94},[84,57614,99],{"class":98},[84,57616,103],{"class":102},[84,57618,106],{"class":98},[84,57620,109],{"class":102},[84,57622,106],{"class":98},[84,57624,114],{"class":102},[84,57626,122],{"class":98},[84,57628,57629,57631,57633],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57630,3437],{"class":90},[84,57632,95],{"class":94},[84,57634,37013],{"class":90},[84,57636,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57638,5608],{"class":90},[84,57640,307],{"class":98},[84,57642,14397],{"class":146},[84,57644,137],{"class":98},[84,57646,217],{"class":102},[84,57648,150],{"class":98},[84,57650,57651],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57652,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57654,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57656,156],{"class":133},[84,57658,137],{"class":98},[84,57660,303],{"class":146},[84,57662,1970],{"class":98},[84,57664,56516],{"class":4517},[20,57666,57667,57668,7470],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57669,13619],{},[75,57671,57673],{"className":77,"code":57672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57674,57675,57695,57710,57724,57728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57678,3410],{"class":90},[84,57680,95],{"class":94},[84,57682,99],{"class":98},[84,57684,103],{"class":102},[84,57686,106],{"class":98},[84,57688,109],{"class":102},[84,57690,106],{"class":98},[84,57692,114],{"class":102},[84,57694,122],{"class":98},[84,57696,57697,57699,57701,57704,57706,57708],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57698,3437],{"class":90},[84,57700,95],{"class":94},[84,57702,57703],{"class":90}," a",[84,57705,307],{"class":98},[84,57707,13754],{"class":146},[84,57709,9482],{"class":98},[84,57711,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57713,5608],{"class":90},[84,57715,307],{"class":98},[84,57717,14397],{"class":146},[84,57719,137],{"class":98},[84,57721,217],{"class":102},[84,57723,150],{"class":98},[84,57725,57726],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57727,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57731,156],{"class":133},[84,57733,137],{"class":98},[84,57735,303],{"class":146},[84,57737,1970],{"class":98},[84,57739,55748],{"class":4517},[995,57741,57743],{"id":57742},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[75,57745,57747],{"className":77,"code":57746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57748,57749,57769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57750,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57752,91],{"class":90},[84,57754,95],{"class":94},[84,57756,99],{"class":98},[84,57758,103],{"class":102},[84,57760,106],{"class":98},[84,57762,109],{"class":102},[84,57764,106],{"class":98},[84,57766,114],{"class":102},[84,57768,122],{"class":98},[84,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57772,535],{"class":90},[84,57774,307],{"class":98},[84,57776,13754],{"class":146},[84,57778,9482],{"class":98},[20,57780,57781],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57783,2129],{},[75,57785,57787],{"className":77,"code":57786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57788,57789,57809],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57790,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57792,91],{"class":90},[84,57794,95],{"class":94},[84,57796,99],{"class":98},[84,57798,103],{"class":102},[84,57800,106],{"class":98},[84,57802,109],{"class":102},[84,57804,106],{"class":98},[84,57806,114],{"class":102},[84,57808,122],{"class":98},[84,57810,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57812,56971],{"class":90},[84,57814,95],{"class":94},[84,57816,147],{"class":90},[84,57818,307],{"class":98},[84,57820,13754],{"class":146},[84,57822,9482],{"class":98},[995,57824,57826],{"id":57825},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[75,57828,57830],{"className":77,"code":57829,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57831,57832,57850,57864,57868,57886,57890],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57833,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57835,3410],{"class":90},[84,57837,95],{"class":94},[84,57839,57109],{"class":98},[84,57841,103],{"class":102},[84,57843,18903],{"class":98},[84,57845,99],{"class":98},[84,57847,199],{"class":102},[84,57849,54059],{"class":98},[84,57851,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57853,3437],{"class":90},[84,57855,95],{"class":94},[84,57857,57703],{"class":90},[84,57859,307],{"class":98},[84,57861,13754],{"class":146},[84,57863,9482],{"class":98},[84,57865,57866],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,57867,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,57871,5608],{"class":90},[84,57873,182],{"class":98},[84,57875,2983],{"class":102},[84,57877,14394],{"class":98},[84,57879,14397],{"class":146},[84,57881,137],{"class":98},[84,57883,57162],{"class":102},[84,57885,150],{"class":98},[84,57887,57888],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,57889,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,57891,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,57893,156],{"class":133},[84,57895,137],{"class":98},[84,57897,303],{"class":146},[84,57899,1970],{"class":98},[84,57901,57902],{"class":4517},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57904,57905,57906,57908],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57907,56416],{}," is shallow.",[995,57910,26456,57912,57914],{"id":57911},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57913,13619],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57916,57917,57919],{},[15,57918,13619],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[75,57921,57923],{"className":77,"code":57922,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57924,57925,57937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57926,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57928,8716],{"class":90},[84,57930,95],{"class":94},[84,57932,4211],{"class":185},[84,57934,5851],{"class":189},[84,57936,4217],{"class":185},[84,57938,57939],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,57940,57941],{"class":4517},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57943,57944],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[75,57946,57948],{"className":77,"code":57947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57949,57950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,57951,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,57953,156],{"class":133},[84,57955,137],{"class":98},[84,57957,2624],{"class":140},[84,57959,137],{"class":98},[84,57961,8508],{"class":146},[84,57963,169],{"class":98},[20,57965,57966,57967,57971],{},"You can also review ",[303,57968,57970],{"href":57969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[70,57973,2694],{"id":2693},[995,57975,2698,57977,57979],{"id":57976},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57978,56416],{}," change the original list?",[20,57981,57982],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[995,57984,6024,57986,5241,57988,3348],{"id":57985},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57987,56416],{},[15,57989,95],{},[20,57991,57992,57994,57995,57997],{},[15,57993,13619],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57996,95],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[995,57999,2715,58001,15749],{"id":58000},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,58002,56416],{},[20,58004,58005],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[995,58007,58009],{"id":58008},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,58011,42970,58012,58015],{},[15,58013,58014],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[995,58017,2715,58019,58021,58022,3348],{"id":58018},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,58020,56416],{}," the same as ",[15,58023,57449],{},[20,58025,58026],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[70,58028,2751],{"id":2750},[30,58030,58031,58036,58040,58045,58051],{},[33,58032,58033],{},[303,58034,15808],{"href":58035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,58037,58038],{},[303,58039,53588],{"href":51795},[33,58041,58042],{},[303,58043,58044],{"href":57969},"Creating a list in Python",[33,58046,58047],{},[303,58048,56335,58049,11583],{"href":57584},[15,58050,53469],{},[33,58052,58053],{},[303,58054,14635],{"href":14634},[2785,58056,58057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":58059},[58060,58061,58063,58064,58066,58067,58068,58070,58078,58089],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":56526,"depth":125,"text":58062},"What list.copy() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":56797,"depth":125,"text":58065},"Why not use =",{"id":57075,"depth":125,"text":57076},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":57426,"depth":125,"text":58069},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":58071},[58072,58074,58075,58076],{"id":57596,"depth":153,"text":58073},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57742,"depth":153,"text":57743},{"id":57825,"depth":153,"text":57826},{"id":57911,"depth":153,"text":58077},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":58079},[58080,58082,58084,58086,58087],{"id":57976,"depth":153,"text":58081},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57985,"depth":153,"text":58083},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":58000,"depth":153,"text":58085},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":58008,"depth":153,"text":58009},{"id":58018,"depth":153,"text":58088},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56404,"description":58090},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":58097,"title":58098,"body":58099,"description":59841,"extension":2830,"meta":59842,"navigation":472,"path":59843,"seo":59844,"stem":59845,"__hash__":59846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":58100,"toc":59800},[58101,58107,58113,58116,58127,58130,58132,58195,58201,58206,58210,58224,58227,58232,58237,58239,58241,58260,58272,58274,58341,58343,58351,58356,58358,58366,58369,58386,58388,58512,58523,58527,58532,58535,58537,58555,58559,58645,58654,58662,58731,58733,58736,58748,58753,58757,58828,58831,58835,58839,58904,58906,58914,58918,59001,59003,59011,59015,59076,59078,59086,59090,59177,59179,59187,59192,59197,59200,59211,59213,59298,59303,59312,59314,59318,59322,59327,59389,59393,59401,59407,59416,59421,59470,59473,59494,59498,59560,59567,59572,59575,59662,59665,59676,59679,59699,59701,59707,59710,59714,59718,59724,59727,59733,59740,59748,59759,59761,59797],[10,58102,55158,58104,12166],{"id":58103},"python-list-count-method",[15,58105,58106],{},"count()",[20,58108,58109,58112],{},[15,58110,58111],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,58114,58115],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,58117,58118,58121,58124],{},[33,58119,58120],{},"count one specific item",[33,58122,58123],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,58125,58126],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,58128,58129],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[70,58131,4464],{"id":4463},[75,58133,58135],{"className":77,"code":58134,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,58136,58137,58165,58183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58140,91],{"class":90},[84,58142,95],{"class":94},[84,58144,99],{"class":98},[84,58146,103],{"class":102},[84,58148,106],{"class":98},[84,58150,109],{"class":102},[84,58152,106],{"class":98},[84,58154,109],{"class":102},[84,58156,106],{"class":98},[84,58158,114],{"class":102},[84,58160,106],{"class":98},[84,58162,109],{"class":102},[84,58164,122],{"class":98},[84,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58168,128],{"class":90},[84,58170,95],{"class":94},[84,58172,147],{"class":90},[84,58174,307],{"class":98},[84,58176,42077],{"class":146},[84,58178,137],{"class":98},[84,58180,199],{"class":102},[84,58182,150],{"class":98},[84,58184,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58186,156],{"class":133},[84,58188,137],{"class":98},[84,58190,166],{"class":146},[84,58192,1970],{"class":98},[84,58194,51586],{"class":4517},[20,58196,224,58197,58200],{},[15,58198,58199],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[70,58202,235,58204,238],{"id":58203},"what-listcount-does",[15,58205,58111],{},[20,58207,58208,3743],{},[15,58209,58111],{},[30,58211,58212,58215,58218,58221],{},[33,58213,58214],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,58216,58217],{},"returns an integer",[33,58219,58220],{},"does not change the original list",[33,58222,58223],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,58225,58226],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,58228,58229,58230,307],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,58231,208],{},[20,58233,58234,58235,307],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,58236,2983],{},[70,58238,311],{"id":310},[20,58240,3023],{},[75,58242,58244],{"className":77,"code":58243,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,58245,58246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58247,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58249,9178],{"class":90},[84,58251,307],{"class":98},[84,58253,42077],{"class":146},[84,58255,137],{"class":98},[84,58257,3329],{"class":146},[84,58259,150],{"class":98},[30,58261,58262,58267],{},[33,58263,58264,58266],{},[15,58265,9178],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,58268,58269,58271],{},[15,58270,3329],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,58273,814],{},[75,58275,58277],{"className":77,"code":58276,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,58278,58279,58319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58280,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58282,36928],{"class":90},[84,58284,95],{"class":94},[84,58286,99],{"class":98},[84,58288,3711],{"class":185},[84,58290,303],{"class":189},[84,58292,3711],{"class":185},[84,58294,106],{"class":98},[84,58296,4211],{"class":185},[84,58298,5608],{"class":189},[84,58300,3711],{"class":185},[84,58302,106],{"class":98},[84,58304,4211],{"class":185},[84,58306,303],{"class":189},[84,58308,3711],{"class":185},[84,58310,106],{"class":98},[84,58312,4211],{"class":185},[84,58314,10580],{"class":189},[84,58316,3711],{"class":185},[84,58318,122],{"class":98},[84,58320,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58322,156],{"class":133},[84,58324,137],{"class":98},[84,58326,36981],{"class":146},[84,58328,307],{"class":98},[84,58330,42077],{"class":146},[84,58332,137],{"class":98},[84,58334,3711],{"class":185},[84,58336,303],{"class":189},[84,58338,3711],{"class":185},[84,58340,169],{"class":98},[20,58342,172],{},[75,58344,58345],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,58346,58347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58348,58349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58350,1469],{"class":102},[20,58352,58353,58354,307],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58355,2983],{},[70,58357,38846],{"id":38845},[20,58359,58360,58361,58363,58364,307],{},"The return value from ",[15,58362,58106],{}," is always an ",[15,58365,365],{},[20,58367,58368],{},"Possible results:",[30,58370,58371,58376,58381],{},[33,58372,58373,58375],{},[15,58374,2983],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,58377,58378,58380],{},[15,58379,103],{}," if it appears once",[33,58382,58383,58385],{},[15,58384,199],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58387,814],{},[75,58389,58391],{"className":77,"code":58390,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58392,58393,58433,58437,58462,58487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58394,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58396,13919],{"class":90},[84,58398,95],{"class":94},[84,58400,99],{"class":98},[84,58402,3711],{"class":185},[84,58404,13936],{"class":189},[84,58406,3711],{"class":185},[84,58408,106],{"class":98},[84,58410,4211],{"class":185},[84,58412,13953],{"class":189},[84,58414,3711],{"class":185},[84,58416,106],{"class":98},[84,58418,4211],{"class":185},[84,58420,18296],{"class":189},[84,58422,3711],{"class":185},[84,58424,106],{"class":98},[84,58426,4211],{"class":185},[84,58428,13953],{"class":189},[84,58430,3711],{"class":185},[84,58432,122],{"class":98},[84,58434,58435],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58436,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,58438,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58440,156],{"class":133},[84,58442,137],{"class":98},[84,58444,18343],{"class":146},[84,58446,307],{"class":98},[84,58448,42077],{"class":146},[84,58450,137],{"class":98},[84,58452,3711],{"class":185},[84,58454,13953],{"class":189},[84,58456,3711],{"class":185},[84,58458,6204],{"class":98},[84,58460,58461],{"class":4517},"   # 2\n",[84,58463,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,58465,156],{"class":133},[84,58467,137],{"class":98},[84,58469,18343],{"class":146},[84,58471,307],{"class":98},[84,58473,42077],{"class":146},[84,58475,137],{"class":98},[84,58477,3711],{"class":185},[84,58479,13936],{"class":189},[84,58481,3711],{"class":185},[84,58483,6204],{"class":98},[84,58485,58486],{"class":4517},"    # 1\n",[84,58488,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,58490,156],{"class":133},[84,58492,137],{"class":98},[84,58494,18343],{"class":146},[84,58496,307],{"class":98},[84,58498,42077],{"class":146},[84,58500,137],{"class":98},[84,58502,3711],{"class":185},[84,58504,23367],{"class":189},[84,58506,3711],{"class":185},[84,58508,6204],{"class":98},[84,58510,58511],{"class":4517}," # 0\n",[20,58513,58514,58515,58517,58518,58520,58521,307],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58516,58106],{}," works, but using ",[15,58519,1434],{}," is often simpler. See ",[303,58522,7040],{"href":7039},[70,58524,58526],{"id":58525},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58528,58529,58531],{},[15,58530,58111],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58533,58534],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58536,44468],{},[30,58538,58539,58542,58545,58552],{},[33,58540,58541],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,58543,58544],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,58546,58547,5241,58549,58551],{},[15,58548,103],{},[15,58550,4459],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,58553,58554],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[995,58556,58558],{"id":58557},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[75,58560,58562],{"className":77,"code":58561,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58563,58564,58597,58621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58565,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58567,4919],{"class":90},[84,58569,95],{"class":94},[84,58571,99],{"class":98},[84,58573,3711],{"class":185},[84,58575,4928],{"class":189},[84,58577,3711],{"class":185},[84,58579,106],{"class":98},[84,58581,4211],{"class":185},[84,58583,58584],{"class":189},"Apple",[84,58586,3711],{"class":185},[84,58588,106],{"class":98},[84,58590,4211],{"class":185},[84,58592,4928],{"class":189},[84,58594,3711],{"class":185},[84,58596,122],{"class":98},[84,58598,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58600,156],{"class":133},[84,58602,137],{"class":98},[84,58604,4963],{"class":146},[84,58606,307],{"class":98},[84,58608,42077],{"class":146},[84,58610,137],{"class":98},[84,58612,3711],{"class":185},[84,58614,4928],{"class":189},[84,58616,3711],{"class":185},[84,58618,6204],{"class":98},[84,58620,52231],{"class":4517},[84,58622,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58624,156],{"class":133},[84,58626,137],{"class":98},[84,58628,4963],{"class":146},[84,58630,307],{"class":98},[84,58632,42077],{"class":146},[84,58634,137],{"class":98},[84,58636,3711],{"class":185},[84,58638,58584],{"class":189},[84,58640,3711],{"class":185},[84,58642,6204],{"class":98},[84,58644,28620],{"class":4517},[20,58646,58647,5241,58650,58653],{},[15,58648,58649],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58651,58652],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[995,58655,58657,5241,58659,58661],{"id":58656},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58658,103],{},[15,58660,4459],{}," can match",[75,58663,58665],{"className":77,"code":58664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58666,58667,58691,58711],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58668,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58670,1777],{"class":90},[84,58672,95],{"class":94},[84,58674,99],{"class":98},[84,58676,103],{"class":102},[84,58678,106],{"class":98},[84,58680,4764],{"class":4704},[84,58682,106],{"class":98},[84,58684,109],{"class":102},[84,58686,106],{"class":98},[84,58688,6341],{"class":102},[84,58690,122],{"class":98},[84,58692,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58694,156],{"class":133},[84,58696,137],{"class":98},[84,58698,6201],{"class":146},[84,58700,307],{"class":98},[84,58702,42077],{"class":146},[84,58704,137],{"class":98},[84,58706,103],{"class":102},[84,58708,6204],{"class":98},[84,58710,51734],{"class":4517},[84,58712,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58714,156],{"class":133},[84,58716,137],{"class":98},[84,58718,6201],{"class":146},[84,58720,307],{"class":98},[84,58722,42077],{"class":146},[84,58724,137],{"class":98},[84,58726,4459],{"class":4704},[84,58728,6204],{"class":98},[84,58730,51586],{"class":4517},[20,58732,5258],{},[20,58734,58735],{},"In Python:",[30,58737,58738,58743],{},[33,58739,58740],{},[15,58741,58742],{},"True == 1",[33,58744,58745],{},[15,58746,58747],{},"False == 0",[20,58749,573,58750,58752],{},[15,58751,58106],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[995,58754,58756],{"id":58755},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[75,58758,58760],{"className":77,"code":58759,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58761,58762,58804],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58763,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58765,8620],{"class":90},[84,58767,95],{"class":94},[84,58769,57109],{"class":98},[84,58771,103],{"class":102},[84,58773,106],{"class":98},[84,58775,109],{"class":102},[84,58777,18903],{"class":98},[84,58779,99],{"class":98},[84,58781,208],{"class":102},[84,58783,106],{"class":98},[84,58785,119],{"class":102},[84,58787,18903],{"class":98},[84,58789,99],{"class":98},[84,58791,103],{"class":102},[84,58793,106],{"class":98},[84,58795,109],{"class":102},[84,58797,18903],{"class":98},[84,58799,99],{"class":98},[84,58801,103],{"class":102},[84,58803,54059],{"class":98},[84,58805,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58807,156],{"class":133},[84,58809,137],{"class":98},[84,58811,8649],{"class":146},[84,58813,307],{"class":98},[84,58815,42077],{"class":146},[84,58817,3845],{"class":98},[84,58819,103],{"class":102},[84,58821,106],{"class":98},[84,58823,109],{"class":102},[84,58825,5582],{"class":98},[84,58827,52231],{"class":4517},[20,58829,58830],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[70,58832,58834],{"id":58833},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[995,58836,58838],{"id":58837},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[75,58840,58842],{"className":77,"code":58841,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58843,58844,58872,58890,58894],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58847,91],{"class":90},[84,58849,95],{"class":94},[84,58851,99],{"class":98},[84,58853,437],{"class":102},[84,58855,106],{"class":98},[84,58857,442],{"class":102},[84,58859,106],{"class":98},[84,58861,6847],{"class":102},[84,58863,106],{"class":98},[84,58865,447],{"class":102},[84,58867,106],{"class":98},[84,58869,6847],{"class":102},[84,58871,122],{"class":98},[84,58873,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58875,128],{"class":90},[84,58877,95],{"class":94},[84,58879,147],{"class":90},[84,58881,307],{"class":98},[84,58883,42077],{"class":146},[84,58885,137],{"class":98},[84,58887,437],{"class":102},[84,58889,150],{"class":98},[84,58891,58892],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58893,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,58895,58896,58898,58900,58902],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,58897,156],{"class":133},[84,58899,137],{"class":98},[84,58901,166],{"class":146},[84,58903,150],{"class":98},[20,58905,172],{},[75,58907,58908],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,58909,58910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58911,58912],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58913,1474],{"class":102},[995,58915,58917],{"id":58916},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[75,58919,58921],{"className":77,"code":58920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58922,58923,58965,58987,58991],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,58924,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58961,58963],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,58926,4919],{"class":90},[84,58928,95],{"class":94},[84,58930,99],{"class":98},[84,58932,3711],{"class":185},[84,58934,37884],{"class":189},[84,58936,3711],{"class":185},[84,58938,106],{"class":98},[84,58940,4211],{"class":185},[84,58942,58943],{"class":189},"dog",[84,58945,3711],{"class":185},[84,58947,106],{"class":98},[84,58949,4211],{"class":185},[84,58951,37884],{"class":189},[84,58953,3711],{"class":185},[84,58955,106],{"class":98},[84,58957,4211],{"class":185},[84,58959,58960],{"class":189},"bird",[84,58962,3711],{"class":185},[84,58964,122],{"class":98},[84,58966,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,58968,128],{"class":90},[84,58970,95],{"class":94},[84,58972,7010],{"class":90},[84,58974,307],{"class":98},[84,58976,42077],{"class":146},[84,58978,137],{"class":98},[84,58980,3711],{"class":185},[84,58982,37884],{"class":189},[84,58984,3711],{"class":185},[84,58986,150],{"class":98},[84,58988,58989],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,58990,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,58992,58993,58995,58997,58999],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,58994,156],{"class":133},[84,58996,137],{"class":98},[84,58998,166],{"class":146},[84,59000,150],{"class":98},[20,59002,172],{},[75,59004,59005],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59006,59007],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59008,59009],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59010,1469],{"class":102},[995,59012,59014],{"id":59013},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[75,59016,59018],{"className":77,"code":59017,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59019,59020,59044,59062,59066],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59021,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59023,91],{"class":90},[84,59025,95],{"class":94},[84,59027,99],{"class":98},[84,59029,103],{"class":102},[84,59031,106],{"class":98},[84,59033,109],{"class":102},[84,59035,106],{"class":98},[84,59037,114],{"class":102},[84,59039,106],{"class":98},[84,59041,119],{"class":102},[84,59043,122],{"class":98},[84,59045,59046,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058,59060],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59047,128],{"class":90},[84,59049,95],{"class":94},[84,59051,147],{"class":90},[84,59053,307],{"class":98},[84,59055,42077],{"class":146},[84,59057,137],{"class":98},[84,59059,3000],{"class":102},[84,59061,150],{"class":98},[84,59063,59064],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,59065,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,59067,59068,59070,59072,59074],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,59069,156],{"class":133},[84,59071,137],{"class":98},[84,59073,166],{"class":146},[84,59075,150],{"class":98},[20,59077,172],{},[75,59079,59080],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59081,59082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59083,59084],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59085,48067],{"class":102},[995,59087,59089],{"id":59088},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[75,59091,59093],{"className":77,"code":59092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59094,59095,59141,59163,59167],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59096,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59098,10005],{"class":90},[84,59100,95],{"class":94},[84,59102,57109],{"class":98},[84,59104,103],{"class":102},[84,59106,106],{"class":98},[84,59108,109],{"class":102},[84,59110,18903],{"class":98},[84,59112,99],{"class":98},[84,59114,103],{"class":102},[84,59116,106],{"class":98},[84,59118,109],{"class":102},[84,59120,18903],{"class":98},[84,59122,99],{"class":98},[84,59124,199],{"class":102},[84,59126,106],{"class":98},[84,59128,114],{"class":102},[84,59130,18903],{"class":98},[84,59132,99],{"class":98},[84,59134,103],{"class":102},[84,59136,106],{"class":98},[84,59138,109],{"class":102},[84,59140,54059],{"class":98},[84,59142,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59144,128],{"class":90},[84,59146,95],{"class":94},[84,59148,15410],{"class":90},[84,59150,307],{"class":98},[84,59152,42077],{"class":146},[84,59154,3845],{"class":98},[84,59156,103],{"class":102},[84,59158,106],{"class":98},[84,59160,109],{"class":102},[84,59162,4737],{"class":98},[84,59164,59165],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,59166,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,59168,59169,59171,59173,59175],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,59170,156],{"class":133},[84,59172,137],{"class":98},[84,59174,166],{"class":146},[84,59176,150],{"class":98},[20,59178,172],{},[75,59180,59181],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,59182,59183],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59184,59185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59186,1474],{"class":102},[70,59188,1741,59190],{"id":59189},"when-to-use-count",[15,59191,58106],{},[20,59193,224,59194,59196],{},[15,59195,58106],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,59198,59199],{},"Good use cases:",[30,59201,59202,59205,59208],{},[33,59203,59204],{},"counting one specific item",[33,59206,59207],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,59209,59210],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,59212,814],{},[75,59214,59216],{"className":77,"code":59215,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,59217,59218,59259,59283,59287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59219,59220,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59221,59222],{"class":90},"votes ",[84,59224,95],{"class":94},[84,59226,99],{"class":98},[84,59228,3711],{"class":185},[84,59230,9497],{"class":189},[84,59232,3711],{"class":185},[84,59234,106],{"class":98},[84,59236,4211],{"class":185},[84,59238,9436],{"class":189},[84,59240,3711],{"class":185},[84,59242,106],{"class":98},[84,59244,4211],{"class":185},[84,59246,9497],{"class":189},[84,59248,3711],{"class":185},[84,59250,106],{"class":98},[84,59252,4211],{"class":185},[84,59254,9497],{"class":189},[84,59256,3711],{"class":185},[84,59258,122],{"class":98},[84,59260,59261,59264,59266,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59262,59263],{"class":90},"yes_votes ",[84,59265,95],{"class":94},[84,59267,59268],{"class":90}," votes",[84,59270,307],{"class":98},[84,59272,42077],{"class":146},[84,59274,137],{"class":98},[84,59276,3711],{"class":185},[84,59278,9497],{"class":189},[84,59280,3711],{"class":185},[84,59282,150],{"class":98},[84,59284,59285],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,59286,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,59288,59289,59291,59293,59296],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,59290,156],{"class":133},[84,59292,137],{"class":98},[84,59294,59295],{"class":146},"yes_votes",[84,59297,150],{"class":98},[20,59299,59300,59302],{},[15,59301,58106],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,59304,59305,59306,5241,59308,307],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[303,59307,53588],{"href":51795},[303,59309,59311],{"href":59310},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[70,59313,3686],{"id":3685},[20,59315,9285,59316,307],{},[15,59317,58111],{},[995,59319,59321],{"id":59320},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59323,59324,59326],{},[15,59325,58111],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[75,59328,59330],{"className":77,"code":59329,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59331,59332,59365],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59333,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59335,4919],{"class":90},[84,59337,95],{"class":94},[84,59339,99],{"class":98},[84,59341,3711],{"class":185},[84,59343,59344],{"class":189},"apple pie",[84,59346,3711],{"class":185},[84,59348,106],{"class":98},[84,59350,4211],{"class":185},[84,59352,4937],{"class":189},[84,59354,3711],{"class":185},[84,59356,106],{"class":98},[84,59358,4211],{"class":185},[84,59360,59344],{"class":189},[84,59362,3711],{"class":185},[84,59364,122],{"class":98},[84,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59368,156],{"class":133},[84,59370,137],{"class":98},[84,59372,4963],{"class":146},[84,59374,307],{"class":98},[84,59376,42077],{"class":146},[84,59378,137],{"class":98},[84,59380,3711],{"class":185},[84,59382,4928],{"class":189},[84,59384,3711],{"class":185},[84,59386,6204],{"class":98},[84,59388,52063],{"class":4517},[20,59390,1174,59391,3348],{},[15,59392,2983],{},[20,59394,29902,59395,59397,59398,307],{},[15,59396,58649],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59399,59400],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59402,59403,59404,307],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59405,59406],{},"str.count()",[995,59408,9291,59410,9294,59412,3736,59414],{"id":59409},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59411,58106],{},[15,59413,4459],{},[15,59415,4528],{},[20,59417,59418,59420],{},[15,59419,58106],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[75,59422,59424],{"className":77,"code":59423,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59425,59426,59450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59427,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59429,91],{"class":90},[84,59431,95],{"class":94},[84,59433,99],{"class":98},[84,59435,103],{"class":102},[84,59437,106],{"class":98},[84,59439,109],{"class":102},[84,59441,106],{"class":98},[84,59443,109],{"class":102},[84,59445,106],{"class":98},[84,59447,114],{"class":102},[84,59449,122],{"class":98},[84,59451,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59453,156],{"class":133},[84,59455,137],{"class":98},[84,59457,535],{"class":146},[84,59459,307],{"class":98},[84,59461,42077],{"class":146},[84,59463,137],{"class":98},[84,59465,199],{"class":102},[84,59467,6204],{"class":98},[84,59469,52231],{"class":4517},[20,59471,59472],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[75,59474,59476],{"className":77,"code":59475,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59477,59478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59479,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59481,156],{"class":133},[84,59483,137],{"class":98},[84,59485,199],{"class":102},[84,59487,22016],{"class":633},[84,59489,147],{"class":146},[84,59491,1970],{"class":98},[84,59493,4518],{"class":4517},[995,59495,59497],{"id":59496},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[75,59499,59501],{"className":77,"code":59500,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59502,59503,59536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59504,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59532,59534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59506,5842],{"class":90},[84,59508,95],{"class":94},[84,59510,99],{"class":98},[84,59512,3711],{"class":185},[84,59514,8517],{"class":189},[84,59516,3711],{"class":185},[84,59518,106],{"class":98},[84,59520,4211],{"class":185},[84,59522,21060],{"class":189},[84,59524,3711],{"class":185},[84,59526,106],{"class":98},[84,59528,4211],{"class":185},[84,59530,59531],{"class":189},"SAM",[84,59533,3711],{"class":185},[84,59535,122],{"class":98},[84,59537,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59539,156],{"class":133},[84,59541,137],{"class":98},[84,59543,5886],{"class":146},[84,59545,307],{"class":98},[84,59547,42077],{"class":146},[84,59549,137],{"class":98},[84,59551,3711],{"class":185},[84,59553,21060],{"class":189},[84,59555,3711],{"class":185},[84,59557,6204],{"class":98},[84,59559,28620],{"class":4517},[20,59561,59562,59563,59566],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59564,59565],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[995,59568,30491,59570,34389],{"id":59569},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59571,58106],{},[20,59573,59574],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[75,59576,59578],{"className":77,"code":59577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59579,59580,59590,59604,59622,59636,59648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59581,59582,59584,59586,59588],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59583,156],{"class":133},[84,59585,137],{"class":98},[84,59587,9178],{"class":146},[84,59589,150],{"class":98},[84,59591,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59593,156],{"class":133},[84,59595,137],{"class":98},[84,59597,2624],{"class":140},[84,59599,137],{"class":98},[84,59601,9178],{"class":146},[84,59603,169],{"class":98},[84,59605,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,59607,156],{"class":133},[84,59609,137],{"class":98},[84,59611,9178],{"class":146},[84,59613,307],{"class":98},[84,59615,42077],{"class":146},[84,59617,137],{"class":98},[84,59619,3329],{"class":146},[84,59621,169],{"class":98},[84,59623,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,59625,156],{"class":133},[84,59627,137],{"class":98},[84,59629,3304],{"class":146},[84,59631,1434],{"class":633},[84,59633,9234],{"class":146},[84,59635,150],{"class":98},[84,59637,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,59639,1428],{"class":633},[84,59641,1431],{"class":90},[84,59643,1434],{"class":633},[84,59645,9234],{"class":90},[84,59647,1440],{"class":98},[84,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,59651,1445],{"class":133},[84,59653,137],{"class":98},[84,59655,42597],{"class":133},[84,59657,137],{"class":98},[84,59659,1450],{"class":146},[84,59661,169],{"class":98},[20,59663,59664],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,59666,59667,59670,59673],{},[33,59668,59669],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,59671,59672],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,59674,59675],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59677,59678],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,59680,59681,59686,59689,59696],{},[33,59682,51307,59683,59685],{},[15,59684,58106],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,59687,59688],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,59690,11950,59691,59693,59694],{},[15,59692,58111],{}," with string ",[15,59695,58106],{},[33,59697,59698],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[70,59700,2694],{"id":2693},[995,59702,2698,59704,59706],{"id":59703},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59705,58111],{}," change the list?",[20,59708,59709],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[995,59711,59713],{"id":59712},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59715,12754,59716,307],{},[15,59717,2983],{},[995,59719,2734,59721,59723],{"id":59720},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59722,58111],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59725,59726],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[995,59728,2715,59730,59732],{"id":59729},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59731,58111],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59734,42970,59735,5241,59737,59739],{},[15,59736,58652],{},[15,59738,58649],{}," are different values.",[995,59741,6003,59743,59745,59746,3348],{"id":59742},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59744,4459],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59747,103],{},[20,59749,9625,59750,59752,59753,5241,59755,59752,59757,307],{},[15,59751,4459],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59754,103],{},[15,59756,4528],{},[15,59758,2983],{},[70,59760,2751],{"id":2750},[30,59762,59763,59767,59773,59777,59785,59792],{},[33,59764,59765],{},[303,59766,53588],{"href":51795},[33,59768,59769],{},[303,59770,59772],{"href":59771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,59774,59775],{},[303,59776,7774],{"href":7039},[33,59778,59779],{},[303,59780,56335,59782,11583],{"href":59781},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59783,59784],{},"index()",[33,59786,59787],{},[303,59788,13,59790],{"href":59789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59791,43178],{},[33,59793,59794],{},[303,59795,59796],{"href":59310},"What is a list in Python",[2785,59798,59799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":59801},[59802,59803,59805,59806,59807,59813,59819,59821,59829,59840],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":58203,"depth":125,"text":59804},"What list.count() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846},{"id":58525,"depth":125,"text":58526,"children":59808},[59809,59810,59812],{"id":58557,"depth":153,"text":58558},{"id":58656,"depth":153,"text":59811},"1 and True can match",{"id":58755,"depth":153,"text":58756},{"id":58833,"depth":125,"text":58834,"children":59814},[59815,59816,59817,59818],{"id":58837,"depth":153,"text":58838},{"id":58916,"depth":153,"text":58917},{"id":59013,"depth":153,"text":59014},{"id":59088,"depth":153,"text":59089},{"id":59189,"depth":125,"text":59820},"When to use count()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":59822},[59823,59824,59826,59827],{"id":59320,"depth":153,"text":59321},{"id":59409,"depth":153,"text":59825},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59496,"depth":153,"text":59497},{"id":59569,"depth":153,"text":59828},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":59830},[59831,59833,59834,59836,59838],{"id":59703,"depth":153,"text":59832},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59712,"depth":153,"text":59713},{"id":59720,"depth":153,"text":59835},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59729,"depth":153,"text":59837},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59742,"depth":153,"text":59839},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":58098,"description":59841},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59848,"title":59849,"body":59850,"description":61813,"extension":2830,"meta":61814,"navigation":472,"path":61815,"seo":61816,"stem":61817,"__hash__":61818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59851,"toc":61776},[59852,59855,59858,59860,59988,59992,60073,60084,60086,60105,60109,60112,60115,60133,60135,60178,60182,60207,60216,60220,60225,60228,60345,60349,60418,60422,60434,60438,60441,60482,60486,60499,60502,60587,60591,60624,60631,60637,60642,60644,60656,60660,60693,60697,60729,60733,60770,60774,60794,60798,60832,60836,60865,60876,60880,60883,60886,60899,60956,60960,60999,61005,61008,61010,61013,61017,61020,61045,61047,61072,61079,61082,61127,61131,61150,61153,61192,61199,61204,61238,61242,61343,61350,61383,61387,61413,61417,61420,61458,61461,61498,61502,61505,61524,61528,61589,61591,61609,61613,61616,61619,61648,61650,61654,61657,61665,61669,61672,61692,61698,61704,61708,61711,61718,61726,61728,61767,61773],[10,59853,59849],{"id":59854},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59856,59857],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[70,59859,4464],{"id":4463},[75,59861,59863],{"className":77,"code":59862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59864,59865,59885,59917,59925,59943,59947,59957,59967,59978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59866,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,59868,91],{"class":90},[84,59870,95],{"class":94},[84,59872,99],{"class":98},[84,59874,103],{"class":102},[84,59876,106],{"class":98},[84,59878,109],{"class":102},[84,59880,106],{"class":98},[84,59882,114],{"class":102},[84,59884,122],{"class":98},[84,59886,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,59888,5842],{"class":90},[84,59890,95],{"class":94},[84,59892,99],{"class":98},[84,59894,3711],{"class":185},[84,59896,13723],{"class":189},[84,59898,3711],{"class":185},[84,59900,106],{"class":98},[84,59902,4211],{"class":185},[84,59904,36778],{"class":189},[84,59906,3711],{"class":185},[84,59908,106],{"class":98},[84,59910,4211],{"class":185},[84,59912,36787],{"class":189},[84,59914,3711],{"class":185},[84,59916,122],{"class":98},[84,59918,59919,59921,59923],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,59920,56746],{"class":90},[84,59922,95],{"class":94},[84,59924,8678],{"class":98},[84,59926,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,59928,36928],{"class":90},[84,59930,95],{"class":94},[84,59932,1636],{"class":140},[84,59934,137],{"class":98},[84,59936,3711],{"class":185},[84,59938,42378],{"class":189},[84,59940,3711],{"class":185},[84,59942,150],{"class":98},[84,59944,59945],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,59946,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,59950,156],{"class":133},[84,59952,137],{"class":98},[84,59954,535],{"class":146},[84,59956,150],{"class":98},[84,59958,59959,59961,59963,59965],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,59960,156],{"class":133},[84,59962,137],{"class":98},[84,59964,5886],{"class":146},[84,59966,150],{"class":98},[84,59968,59969,59971,59973,59976],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,59970,156],{"class":133},[84,59972,137],{"class":98},[84,59974,59975],{"class":146},"empty_list",[84,59977,150],{"class":98},[84,59979,59980,59982,59984,59986],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,59981,156],{"class":133},[84,59983,137],{"class":98},[84,59985,36981],{"class":146},[84,59987,150],{"class":98},[20,59989,59990],{},[53,59991,172],{},[75,59993,59995],{"className":77,"code":59994,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59996,59997,60013,60041,60045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,59998,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60000,182],{"class":98},[84,60002,103],{"class":102},[84,60004,106],{"class":98},[84,60006,109],{"class":102},[84,60008,106],{"class":98},[84,60010,114],{"class":102},[84,60012,122],{"class":98},[84,60014,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60016,182],{"class":98},[84,60018,186],{"class":185},[84,60020,13723],{"class":189},[84,60022,186],{"class":185},[84,60024,106],{"class":98},[84,60026,196],{"class":185},[84,60028,36778],{"class":189},[84,60030,186],{"class":185},[84,60032,106],{"class":98},[84,60034,196],{"class":185},[84,60036,36787],{"class":189},[84,60038,186],{"class":185},[84,60040,122],{"class":98},[84,60042,60043],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60044,1596],{"class":98},[84,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,60048,182],{"class":98},[84,60050,186],{"class":185},[84,60052,303],{"class":189},[84,60054,186],{"class":185},[84,60056,106],{"class":98},[84,60058,196],{"class":185},[84,60060,5608],{"class":189},[84,60062,186],{"class":185},[84,60064,106],{"class":98},[84,60066,196],{"class":185},[84,60068,10580],{"class":189},[84,60070,186],{"class":185},[84,60072,122],{"class":98},[20,60074,60075,60076,60078,60079,60081,60082,307],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,60077,4639],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,60080,68],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60083,37035],{},[70,60085,16006],{"id":16005},[30,60087,60088,60091,60094,60097,60102],{},[33,60089,60090],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,60092,60093],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,60095,60096],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,60098,60099,60100,3161],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,60101,68],{},[33,60103,60104],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[70,60106,60108],{"id":60107},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,60110,60111],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,60113,60114],{},"This means:",[30,60116,60117,60120,60123,60126],{},[33,60118,60119],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,60121,60122],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,60124,60125],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,60127,60128,60129,60132],{},"A list is ",[53,60130,60131],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,60134,814],{},[75,60136,60138],{"className":77,"code":60137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,60139,60140,60164,60168],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60141,60142,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60143,8620],{"class":90},[84,60145,95],{"class":94},[84,60147,99],{"class":98},[84,60149,3711],{"class":185},[84,60151,4928],{"class":189},[84,60153,3711],{"class":185},[84,60155,106],{"class":98},[84,60157,6847],{"class":102},[84,60159,106],{"class":98},[84,60161,4764],{"class":4704},[84,60163,122],{"class":98},[84,60165,60166],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60167,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60169,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60171,156],{"class":133},[84,60173,137],{"class":98},[84,60175,8649],{"class":146},[84,60177,150],{"class":98},[20,60179,60180],{},[53,60181,172],{},[75,60183,60185],{"className":77,"code":60184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,60186,60187],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60188,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60190,182],{"class":98},[84,60192,186],{"class":185},[84,60194,4928],{"class":189},[84,60196,186],{"class":185},[84,60198,106],{"class":98},[84,60200,6847],{"class":102},[84,60202,106],{"class":98},[84,60204,4764],{"class":4704},[84,60206,122],{"class":98},[20,60208,60209,60210,3736,60213,307],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[303,60211,60212],{"href":51795},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[303,60214,60215],{"href":59310},"What is a List in Python?",[70,60217,60219],{"id":60218},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,60221,60075,60222,60224],{},[15,60223,4639],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,60226,60227],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[75,60229,60231],{"className":77,"code":60230,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,60232,60233,60253,60285,60310,60314,60324,60334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60234,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60236,91],{"class":90},[84,60238,95],{"class":94},[84,60240,99],{"class":98},[84,60242,103],{"class":102},[84,60244,106],{"class":98},[84,60246,109],{"class":102},[84,60248,106],{"class":98},[84,60250,114],{"class":102},[84,60252,122],{"class":98},[84,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60256,5842],{"class":90},[84,60258,95],{"class":94},[84,60260,99],{"class":98},[84,60262,3711],{"class":185},[84,60264,13723],{"class":189},[84,60266,3711],{"class":185},[84,60268,106],{"class":98},[84,60270,4211],{"class":185},[84,60272,36778],{"class":189},[84,60274,3711],{"class":185},[84,60276,106],{"class":98},[84,60278,4211],{"class":185},[84,60280,36787],{"class":189},[84,60282,3711],{"class":185},[84,60284,122],{"class":98},[84,60286,60287,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60288,60289],{"class":90},"mixed ",[84,60291,95],{"class":94},[84,60293,99],{"class":98},[84,60295,437],{"class":102},[84,60297,106],{"class":98},[84,60299,4211],{"class":185},[84,60301,4697],{"class":189},[84,60303,3711],{"class":185},[84,60305,106],{"class":98},[84,60307,4755],{"class":4704},[84,60309,122],{"class":98},[84,60311,60312],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,60313,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60315,60316,60318,60320,60322],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,60317,156],{"class":133},[84,60319,137],{"class":98},[84,60321,535],{"class":146},[84,60323,150],{"class":98},[84,60325,60326,60328,60330,60332],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,60327,156],{"class":133},[84,60329,137],{"class":98},[84,60331,5886],{"class":146},[84,60333,150],{"class":98},[84,60335,60336,60338,60340,60343],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,60337,156],{"class":133},[84,60339,137],{"class":98},[84,60341,60342],{"class":146},"mixed",[84,60344,150],{"class":98},[20,60346,60347],{},[53,60348,172],{},[75,60350,60352],{"className":77,"code":60351,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60353,60354,60370,60398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60355,60356,60358,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60357,182],{"class":98},[84,60359,103],{"class":102},[84,60361,106],{"class":98},[84,60363,109],{"class":102},[84,60365,106],{"class":98},[84,60367,114],{"class":102},[84,60369,122],{"class":98},[84,60371,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60373,182],{"class":98},[84,60375,186],{"class":185},[84,60377,13723],{"class":189},[84,60379,186],{"class":185},[84,60381,106],{"class":98},[84,60383,196],{"class":185},[84,60385,36778],{"class":189},[84,60387,186],{"class":185},[84,60389,106],{"class":98},[84,60391,196],{"class":185},[84,60393,36787],{"class":189},[84,60395,186],{"class":185},[84,60397,122],{"class":98},[84,60399,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60401,182],{"class":98},[84,60403,437],{"class":102},[84,60405,106],{"class":98},[84,60407,196],{"class":185},[84,60409,4697],{"class":189},[84,60411,186],{"class":185},[84,60413,106],{"class":98},[84,60415,4755],{"class":4704},[84,60417,122],{"class":98},[995,60419,60421],{"id":60420},"key-points","Key points",[30,60423,60424,60429,60431],{},[33,60425,224,60426,60428],{},[15,60427,4639],{}," to make a new list",[33,60430,16276],{},[33,60432,60433],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[70,60435,60437],{"id":60436},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60439,60440],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[75,60442,60444],{"className":77,"code":60443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60445,60446,60454,60458,60468],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60447,60448,60450,60452],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60449,9147],{"class":90},[84,60451,95],{"class":94},[84,60453,8678],{"class":98},[84,60455,60456],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60457,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60459,60460,60462,60464,60466],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60461,156],{"class":133},[84,60463,137],{"class":98},[84,60465,9178],{"class":146},[84,60467,150],{"class":98},[84,60469,60470,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,60471,156],{"class":133},[84,60473,137],{"class":98},[84,60475,12005],{"class":133},[84,60477,137],{"class":98},[84,60479,9178],{"class":146},[84,60481,169],{"class":98},[20,60483,60484],{},[53,60485,172],{},[75,60487,60489],{"className":77,"code":60488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[]\n0\n",[15,60490,60491,60495],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60492,60493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60494,1596],{"class":98},[84,60496,60497],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60498,48067],{"class":102},[20,60500,60501],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[75,60503,60505],{"className":77,"code":60504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60506,60507,60515,60519,60537,60555,60573,60577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60508,60509,60511,60513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60510,5842],{"class":90},[84,60512,95],{"class":94},[84,60514,8678],{"class":98},[84,60516,60517],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60518,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60520,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60522,5886],{"class":90},[84,60524,307],{"class":98},[84,60526,14397],{"class":146},[84,60528,137],{"class":98},[84,60530,3711],{"class":185},[84,60532,13723],{"class":189},[84,60534,3711],{"class":185},[84,60536,150],{"class":98},[84,60538,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551,60553],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,60540,5886],{"class":90},[84,60542,307],{"class":98},[84,60544,14397],{"class":146},[84,60546,137],{"class":98},[84,60548,3711],{"class":185},[84,60550,36778],{"class":189},[84,60552,3711],{"class":185},[84,60554,150],{"class":98},[84,60556,60557,60559,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,60558,5886],{"class":90},[84,60560,307],{"class":98},[84,60562,14397],{"class":146},[84,60564,137],{"class":98},[84,60566,3711],{"class":185},[84,60568,36787],{"class":189},[84,60570,3711],{"class":185},[84,60572,150],{"class":98},[84,60574,60575],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,60576,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60578,60579,60581,60583,60585],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,60580,156],{"class":133},[84,60582,137],{"class":98},[84,60584,5886],{"class":146},[84,60586,150],{"class":98},[20,60588,60589],{},[53,60590,172],{},[75,60592,60594],{"className":77,"code":60593,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60595,60596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60599,182],{"class":98},[84,60601,186],{"class":185},[84,60603,13723],{"class":189},[84,60605,186],{"class":185},[84,60607,106],{"class":98},[84,60609,196],{"class":185},[84,60611,36778],{"class":189},[84,60613,186],{"class":185},[84,60615,106],{"class":98},[84,60617,196],{"class":185},[84,60619,36787],{"class":189},[84,60621,186],{"class":185},[84,60623,122],{"class":98},[20,60625,60626,60627,307],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[303,60628,60629,11583],{"href":57584},[15,60630,53469],{},[70,60632,60634,60635],{"id":60633},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60636,68],{},[20,60638,224,60639,60641],{},[15,60640,68],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60643,6300],{},[30,60645,60646,60648,60650,60652],{},[33,60647,6151],{},[33,60649,6145],{},[33,60651,6148],{},[33,60653,60654],{},[15,60655,37035],{},[995,60657,60659],{"id":60658},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[75,60661,60663],{"className":77,"code":60662,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60664,60665,60683],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60666,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677,60679,60681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60668,36928],{"class":90},[84,60670,95],{"class":94},[84,60672,1636],{"class":140},[84,60674,137],{"class":98},[84,60676,3711],{"class":185},[84,60678,42378],{"class":189},[84,60680,3711],{"class":185},[84,60682,150],{"class":98},[84,60684,60685,60687,60689,60691],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60686,156],{"class":133},[84,60688,137],{"class":98},[84,60690,36981],{"class":146},[84,60692,150],{"class":98},[20,60694,60695],{},[53,60696,172],{},[75,60698,60699],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,60700,60701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60702,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60704,182],{"class":98},[84,60706,186],{"class":185},[84,60708,303],{"class":189},[84,60710,186],{"class":185},[84,60712,106],{"class":98},[84,60714,196],{"class":185},[84,60716,5608],{"class":189},[84,60718,186],{"class":185},[84,60720,106],{"class":98},[84,60722,196],{"class":185},[84,60724,10580],{"class":189},[84,60726,186],{"class":185},[84,60728,122],{"class":98},[995,60730,60732],{"id":60731},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[75,60734,60736],{"className":77,"code":60735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60737,60738,60760],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60739,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60741,91],{"class":90},[84,60743,95],{"class":94},[84,60745,1636],{"class":140},[84,60747,6354],{"class":98},[84,60749,103],{"class":102},[84,60751,106],{"class":98},[84,60753,109],{"class":102},[84,60755,106],{"class":98},[84,60757,114],{"class":102},[84,60759,169],{"class":98},[84,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60763,156],{"class":133},[84,60765,137],{"class":98},[84,60767,535],{"class":146},[84,60769,150],{"class":98},[20,60771,60772],{},[53,60773,172],{},[75,60775,60776],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,60777,60778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60779,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790,60792],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60781,182],{"class":98},[84,60783,103],{"class":102},[84,60785,106],{"class":98},[84,60787,109],{"class":102},[84,60789,106],{"class":98},[84,60791,114],{"class":102},[84,60793,122],{"class":98},[995,60795,60797],{"id":60796},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[75,60799,60801],{"className":77,"code":60800,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60802,60803,60822],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60804,60805,60807,60809,60811,60813,60816,60818,60820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60806,1777],{"class":90},[84,60808,95],{"class":94},[84,60810,1636],{"class":140},[84,60812,137],{"class":98},[84,60814,60815],{"class":133},"range",[84,60817,137],{"class":98},[84,60819,3000],{"class":102},[84,60821,169],{"class":98},[84,60823,60824,60826,60828,60830],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60825,156],{"class":133},[84,60827,137],{"class":98},[84,60829,6201],{"class":146},[84,60831,150],{"class":98},[20,60833,60834],{},[53,60835,172],{},[75,60837,60839],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60840,60841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60842,60843,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60844,182],{"class":98},[84,60846,2983],{"class":102},[84,60848,106],{"class":98},[84,60850,6341],{"class":102},[84,60852,106],{"class":98},[84,60854,109],{"class":102},[84,60856,106],{"class":98},[84,60858,114],{"class":102},[84,60860,106],{"class":98},[84,60862,119],{"class":102},[84,60864,122],{"class":98},[20,60866,60867,60869,60870,307],{},[15,60868,68],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[303,60871,60873,60875],{"href":60872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60874,68],{},": Function Explained",[70,60877,60879],{"id":60878},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60881,60882],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60884,60885],{},"Examples include:",[30,60887,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896],{},[33,60889,6151],{},[33,60891,41241],{},[33,60893,52862],{},[33,60895,41411],{},[33,60897,60898],{},"other lists",[75,60900,60902],{"className":77,"code":60901,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60903,60904,60942,60946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60905,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60907,10005],{"class":90},[84,60909,95],{"class":94},[84,60911,99],{"class":98},[84,60913,3711],{"class":185},[84,60915,13723],{"class":189},[84,60917,3711],{"class":185},[84,60919,106],{"class":98},[84,60921,10146],{"class":102},[84,60923,106],{"class":98},[84,60925,4764],{"class":4704},[84,60927,106],{"class":98},[84,60929,99],{"class":98},[84,60931,103],{"class":102},[84,60933,106],{"class":98},[84,60935,109],{"class":102},[84,60937,106],{"class":98},[84,60939,114],{"class":102},[84,60941,54059],{"class":98},[84,60943,60944],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,60945,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,60947,60948,60950,60952,60954],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,60949,156],{"class":133},[84,60951,137],{"class":98},[84,60953,10044],{"class":146},[84,60955,150],{"class":98},[20,60957,60958],{},[53,60959,172],{},[75,60961,60963],{"className":77,"code":60962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60964,60965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,60966,60967,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60979,60981,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995,60997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,60968,182],{"class":98},[84,60970,186],{"class":185},[84,60972,13723],{"class":189},[84,60974,186],{"class":185},[84,60976,106],{"class":98},[84,60978,10146],{"class":102},[84,60980,106],{"class":98},[84,60982,4764],{"class":4704},[84,60984,106],{"class":98},[84,60986,99],{"class":98},[84,60988,103],{"class":102},[84,60990,106],{"class":98},[84,60992,109],{"class":102},[84,60994,106],{"class":98},[84,60996,114],{"class":102},[84,60998,54059],{"class":98},[20,61000,61001,61002,307],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[53,61003,61004],{},"nested list",[20,61006,61007],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[70,61009,2058],{"id":2057},[20,61011,61012],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[995,61014,61016],{"id":61015},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,61018,61019],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[75,61021,61023],{"className":77,"code":61022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,61024,61025,61029],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61026,61027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61028,5382],{"class":4517},[84,61030,61031,61033,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61032,91],{"class":90},[84,61034,95],{"class":94},[84,61036,99],{"class":98},[84,61038,103],{"class":102},[84,61040,109],{"class":102},[84,61042,114],{"class":102},[84,61044,122],{"class":98},[20,61046,11650],{},[75,61048,61050],{"className":77,"code":61049,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61051,61052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61053,61054,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066,61068,61070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61055,91],{"class":90},[84,61057,95],{"class":94},[84,61059,99],{"class":98},[84,61061,103],{"class":102},[84,61063,106],{"class":98},[84,61065,109],{"class":102},[84,61067,106],{"class":98},[84,61069,114],{"class":102},[84,61071,122],{"class":98},[995,61073,595,61075,11935,61077],{"id":61074},"using-instead-of",[15,61076,8205],{},[15,61078,4639],{},[20,61080,61081],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[75,61083,61085],{"className":77,"code":61084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,61086,61087,61108,61112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61088,61089,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104,61106],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61090,61091],{"class":90},"my_values ",[84,61093,95],{"class":94},[84,61095,10076],{"class":98},[84,61097,103],{"class":102},[84,61099,106],{"class":98},[84,61101,109],{"class":102},[84,61103,106],{"class":98},[84,61105,114],{"class":102},[84,61107,150],{"class":98},[84,61109,61110],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61111,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,61113,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122,61125],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,61115,156],{"class":133},[84,61117,137],{"class":98},[84,61119,2624],{"class":140},[84,61121,137],{"class":98},[84,61123,61124],{"class":146},"my_values",[84,61126,169],{"class":98},[20,61128,61129],{},[53,61130,172],{},[75,61132,61134],{"className":77,"code":61133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,61135,61136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61139,1251],{"class":94},[84,61141,4152],{"class":614},[84,61143,196],{"class":185},[84,61145,49768],{"class":189},[84,61147,186],{"class":185},[84,61149,1270],{"class":94},[20,61151,61152],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[75,61154,61156],{"className":77,"code":61155,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,61157,61158,61178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61159,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61161,61091],{"class":90},[84,61163,95],{"class":94},[84,61165,99],{"class":98},[84,61167,103],{"class":102},[84,61169,106],{"class":98},[84,61171,109],{"class":102},[84,61173,106],{"class":98},[84,61175,114],{"class":102},[84,61177,122],{"class":98},[84,61179,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61181,156],{"class":133},[84,61183,137],{"class":98},[84,61185,2624],{"class":140},[84,61187,137],{"class":98},[84,61189,61124],{"class":146},[84,61191,169],{"class":98},[995,61193,9291,61195,61198],{"id":61194},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,61196,61197],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,61200,61201,61203],{},[15,61202,68],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[75,61205,61207],{"className":77,"code":61206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,61208,61209,61228],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61210,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221,61224,61226],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61212,128],{"class":90},[84,61214,95],{"class":94},[84,61216,1636],{"class":140},[84,61218,137],{"class":98},[84,61220,3711],{"class":185},[84,61222,61223],{"class":189},"hello world",[84,61225,3711],{"class":185},[84,61227,150],{"class":98},[84,61229,61230,61232,61234,61236],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61231,156],{"class":133},[84,61233,137],{"class":98},[84,61235,166],{"class":146},[84,61237,150],{"class":98},[20,61239,61240],{},[53,61241,172],{},[75,61243,61245],{"className":77,"code":61244,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61246,61247],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61248,61249,61251,61253,61256,61258,61260,61262,61265,61267,61269,61271,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61291,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61250,182],{"class":98},[84,61252,186],{"class":185},[84,61254,61255],{"class":189},"h",[84,61257,186],{"class":185},[84,61259,106],{"class":98},[84,61261,196],{"class":185},[84,61263,61264],{"class":189},"e",[84,61266,186],{"class":185},[84,61268,106],{"class":98},[84,61270,196],{"class":185},[84,61272,61273],{"class":189},"l",[84,61275,186],{"class":185},[84,61277,106],{"class":98},[84,61279,196],{"class":185},[84,61281,61273],{"class":189},[84,61283,186],{"class":185},[84,61285,106],{"class":98},[84,61287,196],{"class":185},[84,61289,61290],{"class":189},"o",[84,61292,186],{"class":185},[84,61294,106],{"class":98},[84,61296,196],{"class":185},[84,61298,196],{"class":185},[84,61300,106],{"class":98},[84,61302,196],{"class":185},[84,61304,61305],{"class":189},"w",[84,61307,186],{"class":185},[84,61309,106],{"class":98},[84,61311,196],{"class":185},[84,61313,61290],{"class":189},[84,61315,186],{"class":185},[84,61317,106],{"class":98},[84,61319,196],{"class":185},[84,61321,61322],{"class":189},"r",[84,61324,186],{"class":185},[84,61326,106],{"class":98},[84,61328,196],{"class":185},[84,61330,61273],{"class":189},[84,61332,186],{"class":185},[84,61334,106],{"class":98},[84,61336,196],{"class":185},[84,61338,19609],{"class":189},[84,61340,186],{"class":185},[84,61342,122],{"class":98},[20,61344,61345,61346,61349],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61347,61348],{},"split()"," instead:",[75,61351,61353],{"className":77,"code":61352,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61354,61355,61373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61358,4919],{"class":90},[84,61360,95],{"class":94},[84,61362,4211],{"class":185},[84,61364,61223],{"class":189},[84,61366,3711],{"class":185},[84,61368,307],{"class":98},[84,61370,35307],{"class":146},[84,61372,9482],{"class":98},[84,61374,61375,61377,61379,61381],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61376,156],{"class":133},[84,61378,137],{"class":98},[84,61380,4963],{"class":146},[84,61382,150],{"class":98},[20,61384,61385],{},[53,61386,172],{},[75,61388,61390],{"className":77,"code":61389,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61391,61392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61393,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61409,61411],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61395,182],{"class":98},[84,61397,186],{"class":185},[84,61399,4697],{"class":189},[84,61401,186],{"class":185},[84,61403,106],{"class":98},[84,61405,196],{"class":185},[84,61407,61408],{"class":189},"world",[84,61410,186],{"class":185},[84,61412,122],{"class":98},[995,61414,61416],{"id":61415},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61418,61419],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[75,61421,61423],{"className":77,"code":61422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61424,61425,61429],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61426,61427],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61428,5382],{"class":4517},[84,61430,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61432,5842],{"class":90},[84,61434,95],{"class":94},[84,61436,99],{"class":98},[84,61438,3711],{"class":185},[84,61440,13723],{"class":189},[84,61442,3711],{"class":185},[84,61444,106],{"class":98},[84,61446,4211],{"class":185},[84,61448,61449],{"class":189},"Ben', ",[84,61451,3711],{"class":185},[84,61453,36787],{"class":90},[84,61455,3711],{"class":185},[84,61457,122],{"class":189},[20,61459,61460],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[75,61462,61464],{"className":77,"code":61463,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61465,61466],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61467,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61469,5842],{"class":90},[84,61471,95],{"class":94},[84,61473,99],{"class":98},[84,61475,3711],{"class":185},[84,61477,13723],{"class":189},[84,61479,3711],{"class":185},[84,61481,106],{"class":98},[84,61483,4211],{"class":185},[84,61485,36778],{"class":189},[84,61487,3711],{"class":185},[84,61489,106],{"class":98},[84,61491,4211],{"class":185},[84,61493,36787],{"class":189},[84,61495,3711],{"class":185},[84,61497,122],{"class":98},[995,61499,61501],{"id":61500},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61503,61504],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,61506,61507,61510,61513,61518],{},[33,61508,61509],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,61511,61512],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,61514,61515,61516],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61517,68],{},[33,61519,9291,61520,61523],{},[15,61521,61522],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[995,61525,61527],{"id":61526},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[75,61529,61531],{"className":77,"code":61530,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61532,61533,61543,61557,61571],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61534,61535,61537,61539,61541],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61536,156],{"class":133},[84,61538,137],{"class":98},[84,61540,9178],{"class":146},[84,61542,150],{"class":98},[84,61544,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61546,156],{"class":133},[84,61548,137],{"class":98},[84,61550,2624],{"class":140},[84,61552,137],{"class":98},[84,61554,9178],{"class":146},[84,61556,169],{"class":98},[84,61558,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,61560,156],{"class":133},[84,61562,137],{"class":98},[84,61564,12005],{"class":133},[84,61566,137],{"class":98},[84,61568,9178],{"class":146},[84,61570,169],{"class":98},[84,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,61574,156],{"class":133},[84,61576,137],{"class":98},[84,61578,161],{"class":140},[84,61580,137],{"class":98},[84,61582,60815],{"class":133},[84,61584,137],{"class":98},[84,61586,3000],{"class":102},[84,61588,3771],{"class":98},[20,61590,26848],{},[30,61592,61593,61596,61599,61602],{},[33,61594,61595],{},"what the list contains",[33,61597,61598],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,61600,61601],{},"how many items it has",[33,61603,26859,61604,61606,61607],{},[15,61605,68],{}," does with ",[15,61608,37035],{},[70,61610,61612],{"id":61611},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61614,61615],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61617,61618],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,61620,61621,61636,61641],{},[33,61622,224,61623,362,61627,17912,61631,61635],{},[303,61624,61625],{"href":57584},[15,61626,53469],{},[303,61628,61629],{"href":54161},[15,61630,54263],{},[303,61632,61633],{"href":54724},[15,61634,55084],{}," to add items later",[33,61637,224,61638,61640],{},[303,61639,60212],{"href":51795}," for a broader introduction",[33,61642,224,61643,61647],{},[303,61644,61645,60875],{"href":60872},[15,61646,68],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[70,61649,2694],{"id":2693},[995,61651,61653],{"id":61652},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61655,61656],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[75,61658,61659],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,61660,61661],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61662,61663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61664,1596],{"class":98},[995,61666,61668],{"id":61667},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61670,61671],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[75,61673,61674],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,61675,61676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61677,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61679,182],{"class":98},[84,61681,103],{"class":102},[84,61683,106],{"class":98},[84,61685,109],{"class":102},[84,61687,106],{"class":98},[84,61689,114],{"class":102},[84,61691,122],{"class":98},[995,61693,5987,61695,61697],{"id":61694},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61696,68],{}," do in Python?",[20,61699,61700,61701,61703],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61702,37035],{},", into a list.",[995,61705,61707],{"id":61706},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61709,61710],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[995,61712,6024,61714,5241,61716,3348],{"id":61713},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61715,4639],{},[15,61717,8205],{},[20,61719,61720,61722,61723,61725],{},[15,61721,4639],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61724,8205],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[70,61727,2751],{"id":2750},[30,61729,61730,61734,61740,61746,61752,61758,61762],{},[33,61731,61732],{},[303,61733,60212],{"href":51795},[33,61735,61736],{},[303,61737,56335,61738,12166],{"href":57584},[15,61739,53469],{},[33,61741,61742],{},[303,61743,56335,61744,12166],{"href":54161},[15,61745,54263],{},[33,61747,61748],{},[303,61749,56335,61750,12166],{"href":54724},[15,61751,55084],{},[33,61753,61754],{},[303,61755,13,61756,18],{"href":60872},[15,61757,68],{},[33,61759,61760],{},[303,61761,60215],{"href":59310},[33,61763,61764],{},[303,61765,61766],{"href":12908},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61768,61769,61770,61772],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61771,53469],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2785,61774,61775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":61777},[61778,61779,61780,61781,61784,61785,61791,61792,61802,61803,61812],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":60107,"depth":125,"text":60108},{"id":60218,"depth":125,"text":60219,"children":61782},[61783],{"id":60420,"depth":153,"text":60421},{"id":60436,"depth":125,"text":60437},{"id":60633,"depth":125,"text":61786,"children":61787},"Create a list with list()",[61788,61789,61790],{"id":60658,"depth":153,"text":60659},{"id":60731,"depth":153,"text":60732},{"id":60796,"depth":153,"text":60797},{"id":60878,"depth":125,"text":60879},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":61793},[61794,61795,61797,61799,61800,61801],{"id":61015,"depth":153,"text":61016},{"id":61074,"depth":153,"text":61796},"Using () instead of []",{"id":61194,"depth":153,"text":61798},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61415,"depth":153,"text":61416},{"id":61500,"depth":153,"text":61501},{"id":61526,"depth":153,"text":61527},{"id":61611,"depth":125,"text":61612},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":61804},[61805,61806,61807,61809,61810],{"id":61652,"depth":153,"text":61653},{"id":61667,"depth":153,"text":61668},{"id":61694,"depth":153,"text":61808},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61706,"depth":153,"text":61707},{"id":61713,"depth":153,"text":61811},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59849,"description":61813},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61820,"title":61821,"body":61822,"description":63563,"extension":2830,"meta":63564,"navigation":472,"path":63565,"seo":63566,"stem":63567,"__hash__":63568},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61823,"toc":63518},[61824,61829,61834,61837,61839,61910,61915,61920,61924,61938,61943,61945,61965,61970,61973,61996,62000,62005,62097,62099,62121,62127,62133,62140,62147,62153,62210,62216,62274,62276,62288,62296,62302,62307,62311,62368,62371,62375,62434,62437,62441,62499,62511,62515,62568,62571,62575,62581,62587,62649,62652,62713,62716,62772,62777,62779,62783,62790,62851,62856,62865,62921,62928,62932,62990,62999,63057,63061,63096,63100,63110,63113,63168,63182,63185,63300,63305,63309,63320,63322,63401,63411,63413,63418,63423,63430,63438,63444,63447,63453,63456,63462,63468,63470,63506,63515],[10,61825,55158,61827,12166],{"id":61826},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61828,54263],{},[20,61830,61831,61833],{},[15,61832,54164],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61835,61836],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[70,61838,73],{"id":72},[75,61840,61842],{"className":77,"code":61841,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61843,61844,61860,61877,61881,61896,61906],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61847,91],{"class":90},[84,61849,95],{"class":94},[84,61851,99],{"class":98},[84,61853,103],{"class":102},[84,61855,106],{"class":98},[84,61857,109],{"class":102},[84,61859,122],{"class":98},[84,61861,61862,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,61863,61864],{"class":90},"more_numbers ",[84,61866,95],{"class":94},[84,61868,99],{"class":98},[84,61870,208],{"class":102},[84,61872,106],{"class":98},[84,61874,119],{"class":102},[84,61876,122],{"class":98},[84,61878,61879],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,61880,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,61882,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61894],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,61884,535],{"class":90},[84,61886,307],{"class":98},[84,61888,54293],{"class":146},[84,61890,137],{"class":98},[84,61892,61893],{"class":146},"more_numbers",[84,61895,150],{"class":98},[84,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,61899,156],{"class":133},[84,61901,137],{"class":98},[84,61903,535],{"class":146},[84,61905,150],{"class":98},[84,61907,61908],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,61909,53540],{"class":4517},[20,61911,224,61912,61914],{},[15,61913,54263],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[70,61916,235,61918,238],{"id":61917},"what-listextend-does",[15,61919,54164],{},[20,61921,61922,3743],{},[15,61923,54263],{},[30,61925,61926,61929,61931,61934],{},[33,61927,61928],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,61930,55244],{},[33,61932,61933],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,61935,12268,61936],{},[15,61937,4630],{},[20,61939,61940,61941,54617],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61942,54263],{},[70,61944,311],{"id":310},[75,61946,61948],{"className":77,"code":61947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61949,61950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,61951,61952,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,61953,61954],{"class":90},"list_name",[84,61956,307],{"class":98},[84,61958,54293],{"class":146},[84,61960,137],{"class":98},[84,61962,249],{"class":146},[84,61964,150],{"class":98},[20,61966,6295,61967,61969],{},[53,61968,249],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61971,61972],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,61974,61975,61979,61983,61987,61992],{},[33,61976,61977],{},[15,61978,161],{},[33,61980,61981],{},[15,61982,49768],{},[33,61984,61985],{},[15,61986,7129],{},[33,61988,61989],{},[15,61990,61991],{},"string",[33,61993,61994],{},[15,61995,60815],{},[70,61997,61999],{"id":61998},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,62001,62002,62003,3743],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,62004,54263],{},[75,62006,62008],{"className":77,"code":62007,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,62009,62010,62034,62059,62063,62078,62082,62092],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62011,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62013,37076],{"class":90},[84,62015,95],{"class":94},[84,62017,99],{"class":98},[84,62019,3711],{"class":185},[84,62021,4928],{"class":189},[84,62023,3711],{"class":185},[84,62025,106],{"class":98},[84,62027,4211],{"class":185},[84,62029,4937],{"class":189},[84,62031,3711],{"class":185},[84,62033,122],{"class":98},[84,62035,62036,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62037,62038],{"class":90},"more_fruits ",[84,62040,95],{"class":94},[84,62042,99],{"class":98},[84,62044,3711],{"class":185},[84,62046,34061],{"class":189},[84,62048,3711],{"class":185},[84,62050,106],{"class":98},[84,62052,4211],{"class":185},[84,62054,23376],{"class":189},[84,62056,3711],{"class":185},[84,62058,122],{"class":98},[84,62060,62061],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62062,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62076],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62066,37128],{"class":90},[84,62068,307],{"class":98},[84,62070,54293],{"class":146},[84,62072,137],{"class":98},[84,62074,62075],{"class":146},"more_fruits",[84,62077,150],{"class":98},[84,62079,62080],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62081,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62083,62084,62086,62088,62090],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,62085,156],{"class":133},[84,62087,137],{"class":98},[84,62089,37128],{"class":146},[84,62091,150],{"class":98},[84,62093,62094],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,62095,62096],{"class":4517},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,62098,528],{},[30,62100,62101,62106,62111],{},[33,62102,62103,62105],{},[15,62104,37128],{}," starts with two items",[33,62107,62108,62110],{},[15,62109,62075],{}," has two more items",[33,62112,62113,62115,62116,62118,62119],{},[15,62114,54263],{}," adds each item from ",[15,62117,62075],{}," to ",[15,62120,37128],{},[20,62122,62123,62124,62126],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,62125,37128],{}," contains all four items.",[20,62128,55383,62129,5241,62131,307],{},[303,62130,53588],{"href":51795},[303,62132,57970],{"href":57969},[70,62134,62136,11427,62138],{"id":62135},"extend-vs-append",[15,62137,54263],{},[15,62139,53469],{},[20,62141,62142,5241,62144,62146],{},[15,62143,54263],{},[15,62145,53469],{}," are often confused.",[995,62148,62150,62152],{"id":62149},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,62151,54263],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[75,62154,62156],{"className":77,"code":62155,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62157,62158,62174,62192,62196,62206],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62159,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62161,91],{"class":90},[84,62163,95],{"class":94},[84,62165,99],{"class":98},[84,62167,103],{"class":102},[84,62169,106],{"class":98},[84,62171,109],{"class":102},[84,62173,122],{"class":98},[84,62175,62176,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62177,535],{"class":90},[84,62179,307],{"class":98},[84,62181,54293],{"class":146},[84,62183,3845],{"class":98},[84,62185,208],{"class":102},[84,62187,106],{"class":98},[84,62189,119],{"class":102},[84,62191,4737],{"class":98},[84,62193,62194],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62195,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62199,156],{"class":133},[84,62201,137],{"class":98},[84,62203,535],{"class":146},[84,62205,150],{"class":98},[84,62207,62208],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62209,53540],{"class":4517},[995,62211,62213,62215],{"id":62212},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,62214,53469],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[75,62217,62219],{"className":77,"code":62218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,62220,62221,62237,62255,62259,62269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62222,62223,62225,62227,62229,62231,62233,62235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62224,91],{"class":90},[84,62226,95],{"class":94},[84,62228,99],{"class":98},[84,62230,103],{"class":102},[84,62232,106],{"class":98},[84,62234,109],{"class":102},[84,62236,122],{"class":98},[84,62238,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62240,535],{"class":90},[84,62242,307],{"class":98},[84,62244,14397],{"class":146},[84,62246,3845],{"class":98},[84,62248,208],{"class":102},[84,62250,106],{"class":98},[84,62252,119],{"class":102},[84,62254,4737],{"class":98},[84,62256,62257],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62258,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62260,62261,62263,62265,62267],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62262,156],{"class":133},[84,62264,137],{"class":98},[84,62266,535],{"class":146},[84,62268,150],{"class":98},[84,62270,62271],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62272,62273],{"class":4517},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,62275,19536],{},[30,62277,62278,62283],{},[33,62279,62280,62282],{},[15,62281,54263],{}," to combine values",[33,62284,62285,62287],{},[15,62286,53469],{}," to add one item",[20,62289,42911,62290,5241,62294,307],{},[303,62291,56335,62292,11583],{"href":57584},[15,62293,53469],{},[303,62295,53866],{"href":53865},[70,62297,595,62299,62301],{"id":62298},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,62300,54263],{}," with different iterables",[20,62303,62304,62306],{},[15,62305,54263],{}," works with more than just lists.",[995,62308,62310],{"id":62309},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[75,62312,62314],{"className":77,"code":62313,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62315,62316,62332,62350,62354,62364],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62317,62318,62320,62322,62324,62326,62328,62330],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62319,1777],{"class":90},[84,62321,95],{"class":94},[84,62323,99],{"class":98},[84,62325,103],{"class":102},[84,62327,106],{"class":98},[84,62329,109],{"class":102},[84,62331,122],{"class":98},[84,62333,62334,62336,62338,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62335,6201],{"class":90},[84,62337,307],{"class":98},[84,62339,54293],{"class":146},[84,62341,6354],{"class":98},[84,62343,208],{"class":102},[84,62345,106],{"class":98},[84,62347,119],{"class":102},[84,62349,169],{"class":98},[84,62351,62352],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62353,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62355,62356,62358,62360,62362],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62357,156],{"class":133},[84,62359,137],{"class":98},[84,62361,6201],{"class":146},[84,62363,150],{"class":98},[84,62365,62366],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62367,53540],{"class":4517},[20,62369,62370],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[995,62372,62374],{"id":62373},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[75,62376,62378],{"className":77,"code":62377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62379,62380,62396,62415,62419,62429],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62381,62382,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62383,36928],{"class":90},[84,62385,95],{"class":94},[84,62387,99],{"class":98},[84,62389,3711],{"class":185},[84,62391,303],{"class":189},[84,62393,3711],{"class":185},[84,62395,122],{"class":98},[84,62397,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62411,62413],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62399,36981],{"class":90},[84,62401,307],{"class":98},[84,62403,54293],{"class":146},[84,62405,137],{"class":98},[84,62407,3711],{"class":185},[84,62409,62410],{"class":189},"bc",[84,62412,3711],{"class":185},[84,62414,150],{"class":98},[84,62416,62417],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62418,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62420,62421,62423,62425,62427],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62422,156],{"class":133},[84,62424,137],{"class":98},[84,62426,36981],{"class":146},[84,62428,150],{"class":98},[84,62430,62431],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62432,62433],{"class":4517},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62435,62436],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[995,62438,62440],{"id":62439},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[75,62442,62444],{"className":77,"code":62443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62445,62446,62458,62480,62484,62494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62447,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62449,91],{"class":90},[84,62451,95],{"class":94},[84,62453,99],{"class":98},[84,62455,2983],{"class":102},[84,62457,122],{"class":98},[84,62459,62460,62462,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62461,535],{"class":90},[84,62463,307],{"class":98},[84,62465,54293],{"class":146},[84,62467,137],{"class":98},[84,62469,60815],{"class":133},[84,62471,137],{"class":98},[84,62473,103],{"class":102},[84,62475,106],{"class":98},[84,62477,119],{"class":102},[84,62479,169],{"class":98},[84,62481,62482],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62483,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62487,156],{"class":133},[84,62489,137],{"class":98},[84,62491,535],{"class":146},[84,62493,150],{"class":98},[84,62495,62496],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62497,62498],{"class":4517},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62500,62501,62504,62505,362,62507,17912,62509,307],{},[15,62502,62503],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62506,103],{},[15,62508,199],{},[15,62510,208],{},[995,62512,62514],{"id":62513},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[75,62516,62518],{"className":77,"code":62517,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62519,62520,62536,62554,62558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62521,62522,62524,62526,62528,62530,62532,62534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62523,8620],{"class":90},[84,62525,95],{"class":94},[84,62527,99],{"class":98},[84,62529,103],{"class":102},[84,62531,106],{"class":98},[84,62533,109],{"class":102},[84,62535,122],{"class":98},[84,62537,62538,62540,62542,62544,62546,62548,62550,62552],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62539,8649],{"class":90},[84,62541,307],{"class":98},[84,62543,54293],{"class":146},[84,62545,6373],{"class":98},[84,62547,208],{"class":102},[84,62549,106],{"class":98},[84,62551,119],{"class":102},[84,62553,31338],{"class":98},[84,62555,62556],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62557,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62559,62560,62562,62564,62566],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62561,156],{"class":133},[84,62563,137],{"class":98},[84,62565,8649],{"class":146},[84,62567,150],{"class":98},[20,62569,62570],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[70,62572,62574],{"id":62573},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62576,62577,3254,62579,307],{},[15,62578,54263],{},[15,62580,4630],{},[20,62582,62583,62584,3743],{},"That means this is ",[53,62585,62586],{},"wrong",[75,62588,62590],{"className":77,"code":62589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62591,62592,62608,62630,62634,62644],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62593,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62595,91],{"class":90},[84,62597,95],{"class":94},[84,62599,99],{"class":98},[84,62601,103],{"class":102},[84,62603,106],{"class":98},[84,62605,109],{"class":102},[84,62607,122],{"class":98},[84,62609,62610,62612,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62611,128],{"class":90},[84,62613,95],{"class":94},[84,62615,147],{"class":90},[84,62617,307],{"class":98},[84,62619,54293],{"class":146},[84,62621,3845],{"class":98},[84,62623,208],{"class":102},[84,62625,106],{"class":98},[84,62627,119],{"class":102},[84,62629,4737],{"class":98},[84,62631,62632],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62633,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62635,62636,62638,62640,62642],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62637,156],{"class":133},[84,62639,137],{"class":98},[84,62641,166],{"class":146},[84,62643,150],{"class":98},[84,62645,62646],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62647,62648],{"class":4517},"# None\n",[20,62650,62651],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[75,62653,62655],{"className":77,"code":62654,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62656,62657,62673,62695,62699,62709],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62658,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62660,91],{"class":90},[84,62662,95],{"class":94},[84,62664,99],{"class":98},[84,62666,103],{"class":102},[84,62668,106],{"class":98},[84,62670,109],{"class":102},[84,62672,122],{"class":98},[84,62674,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62676,91],{"class":90},[84,62678,95],{"class":94},[84,62680,147],{"class":90},[84,62682,307],{"class":98},[84,62684,54293],{"class":146},[84,62686,3845],{"class":98},[84,62688,208],{"class":102},[84,62690,106],{"class":98},[84,62692,119],{"class":102},[84,62694,4737],{"class":98},[84,62696,62697],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62698,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62700,62701,62703,62705,62707],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62702,156],{"class":133},[84,62704,137],{"class":98},[84,62706,535],{"class":146},[84,62708,150],{"class":98},[84,62710,62711],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62712,62648],{"class":4517},[20,62714,62715],{},"The correct way is:",[75,62717,62718],{"className":77,"code":62155,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,62719,62720,62736,62754,62758,62768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62721,62722,62724,62726,62728,62730,62732,62734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62723,91],{"class":90},[84,62725,95],{"class":94},[84,62727,99],{"class":98},[84,62729,103],{"class":102},[84,62731,106],{"class":98},[84,62733,109],{"class":102},[84,62735,122],{"class":98},[84,62737,62738,62740,62742,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62739,535],{"class":90},[84,62741,307],{"class":98},[84,62743,54293],{"class":146},[84,62745,3845],{"class":98},[84,62747,208],{"class":102},[84,62749,106],{"class":98},[84,62751,119],{"class":102},[84,62753,4737],{"class":98},[84,62755,62756],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62757,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62759,62760,62762,62764,62766],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62761,156],{"class":133},[84,62763,137],{"class":98},[84,62765,535],{"class":146},[84,62767,150],{"class":98},[84,62769,62770],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62771,53540],{"class":4517},[20,62773,56724,62774,62776],{},[15,62775,54263],{}," first, then use the original list.",[70,62778,2058],{"id":2057},[20,62780,15577,62781,307],{},[15,62782,54263],{},[995,62784,62786,62787,62789],{"id":62785},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62788,54263],{}," to return a new list",[75,62791,62793],{"className":77,"code":62792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62794,62795,62811,62833,62837,62847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62796,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62798,91],{"class":90},[84,62800,95],{"class":94},[84,62802,99],{"class":98},[84,62804,103],{"class":102},[84,62806,106],{"class":98},[84,62808,109],{"class":102},[84,62810,122],{"class":98},[84,62812,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62814,56457],{"class":90},[84,62816,95],{"class":94},[84,62818,147],{"class":90},[84,62820,307],{"class":98},[84,62822,54293],{"class":146},[84,62824,3845],{"class":98},[84,62826,208],{"class":102},[84,62828,106],{"class":98},[84,62830,119],{"class":102},[84,62832,4737],{"class":98},[84,62834,62835],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62836,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62838,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62840,156],{"class":133},[84,62842,137],{"class":98},[84,62844,56476],{"class":146},[84,62846,150],{"class":98},[84,62848,62849],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62850,62648],{"class":4517},[20,62852,62853,62854,307],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62855,54263],{},[995,62857,62859,62860,45447,62862,62864],{"id":62858},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62861,53469],{},[15,62863,54263],{}," is needed",[75,62866,62867],{"className":77,"code":62218,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,62868,62869,62885,62903,62907,62917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62870,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62872,91],{"class":90},[84,62874,95],{"class":94},[84,62876,99],{"class":98},[84,62878,103],{"class":102},[84,62880,106],{"class":98},[84,62882,109],{"class":102},[84,62884,122],{"class":98},[84,62886,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62888,535],{"class":90},[84,62890,307],{"class":98},[84,62892,14397],{"class":146},[84,62894,3845],{"class":98},[84,62896,208],{"class":102},[84,62898,106],{"class":98},[84,62900,119],{"class":102},[84,62902,4737],{"class":98},[84,62904,62905],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62906,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62910,156],{"class":133},[84,62912,137],{"class":98},[84,62914,535],{"class":146},[84,62916,150],{"class":98},[84,62918,62919],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62920,62273],{"class":4517},[20,62922,62923,62924,54707,62926,7470],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62925,54706],{},[15,62927,54263],{},[995,62929,62931],{"id":62930},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[75,62933,62935],{"className":77,"code":62934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62936,62937,62953,62971,62975,62985],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,62938,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,62940,4919],{"class":90},[84,62942,95],{"class":94},[84,62944,99],{"class":98},[84,62946,3711],{"class":185},[84,62948,4697],{"class":189},[84,62950,3711],{"class":185},[84,62952,122],{"class":98},[84,62954,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,62956,4963],{"class":90},[84,62958,307],{"class":98},[84,62960,54293],{"class":146},[84,62962,137],{"class":98},[84,62964,3711],{"class":185},[84,62966,61408],{"class":189},[84,62968,3711],{"class":185},[84,62970,150],{"class":98},[84,62972,62973],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,62974,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,62976,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,62978,156],{"class":133},[84,62980,137],{"class":98},[84,62982,4963],{"class":146},[84,62984,150],{"class":98},[84,62986,62987],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,62988,62989],{"class":4517},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62991,62992,62993,62996,62997,3743],{},"If you want ",[15,62994,62995],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62998,53469],{},[75,63000,63002],{"className":77,"code":63001,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,63003,63004,63020,63038,63042,63052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63005,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63007,4919],{"class":90},[84,63009,95],{"class":94},[84,63011,99],{"class":98},[84,63013,3711],{"class":185},[84,63015,4697],{"class":189},[84,63017,3711],{"class":185},[84,63019,122],{"class":98},[84,63021,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63023,4963],{"class":90},[84,63025,307],{"class":98},[84,63027,14397],{"class":146},[84,63029,137],{"class":98},[84,63031,3711],{"class":185},[84,63033,61408],{"class":189},[84,63035,3711],{"class":185},[84,63037,150],{"class":98},[84,63039,63040],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63041,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63043,63044,63046,63048,63050],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63045,156],{"class":133},[84,63047,137],{"class":98},[84,63049,4963],{"class":146},[84,63051,150],{"class":98},[84,63053,63054],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,63055,63056],{"class":4517},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[995,63058,63060],{"id":63059},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[75,63062,63064],{"className":77,"code":63063,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,63065,63066,63082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63069,91],{"class":90},[84,63071,95],{"class":94},[84,63073,99],{"class":98},[84,63075,103],{"class":102},[84,63077,106],{"class":98},[84,63079,109],{"class":102},[84,63081,122],{"class":98},[84,63083,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63085,535],{"class":90},[84,63087,307],{"class":98},[84,63089,54293],{"class":146},[84,63091,137],{"class":98},[84,63093,3000],{"class":102},[84,63095,150],{"class":98},[20,63097,40477,63098,7390],{},[15,63099,3000],{},[20,63101,63102,63103,63105,63106,63109],{},"You will get a ",[15,63104,3864],{},". See ",[303,63107,63108],{"href":53416},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,63111,63112],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[75,63114,63116],{"className":77,"code":63115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,63117,63118,63128,63142,63154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63119,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63121,156],{"class":133},[84,63123,137],{"class":98},[84,63125,9178],{"class":146},[84,63127,150],{"class":98},[84,63129,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63131,156],{"class":133},[84,63133,137],{"class":98},[84,63135,2624],{"class":140},[84,63137,137],{"class":98},[84,63139,6201],{"class":146},[84,63141,169],{"class":98},[84,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63145,156],{"class":133},[84,63147,137],{"class":98},[84,63149,166],{"class":146},[84,63151,1970],{"class":98},[84,63153,150],{"class":90},[84,63155,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63157,32994],{"class":133},[84,63159,137],{"class":98},[84,63161,161],{"class":140},[84,63163,307],{"class":98},[84,63165,54293],{"class":25590},[84,63167,150],{"class":98},[44398,63169,63170],{},[20,63171,63172,63173,63176,63177,63179,63180,307],{},"Note: ",[15,63174,63175],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,63178,1970],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,63181,1177],{},[20,63183,63184],{},"Correct debugging example:",[75,63186,63188],{"className":77,"code":63187,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,63189,63190,63206,63222,63226,63240,63244,63252,63262,63276,63286],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63191,63192,63194,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63193,9147],{"class":90},[84,63195,95],{"class":94},[84,63197,99],{"class":98},[84,63199,103],{"class":102},[84,63201,106],{"class":98},[84,63203,109],{"class":102},[84,63205,122],{"class":98},[84,63207,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63209,1777],{"class":90},[84,63211,95],{"class":94},[84,63213,99],{"class":98},[84,63215,208],{"class":102},[84,63217,106],{"class":98},[84,63219,119],{"class":102},[84,63221,122],{"class":98},[84,63223,63224],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63225,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63227,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63229,9178],{"class":90},[84,63231,307],{"class":98},[84,63233,54293],{"class":146},[84,63235,137],{"class":98},[84,63237,6201],{"class":146},[84,63239,150],{"class":98},[84,63241,63242],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,63243,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63245,63246,63248,63250],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,63247,128],{"class":90},[84,63249,95],{"class":94},[84,63251,49342],{"class":4704},[84,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,63255,156],{"class":133},[84,63257,137],{"class":98},[84,63259,9178],{"class":146},[84,63261,150],{"class":98},[84,63263,63264,63266,63268,63270,63272,63274],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,63265,156],{"class":133},[84,63267,137],{"class":98},[84,63269,2624],{"class":140},[84,63271,137],{"class":98},[84,63273,6201],{"class":146},[84,63275,169],{"class":98},[84,63277,63278,63280,63282,63284],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,63279,156],{"class":133},[84,63281,137],{"class":98},[84,63283,166],{"class":146},[84,63285,150],{"class":98},[84,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,63289,32994],{"class":133},[84,63291,137],{"class":98},[84,63293,161],{"class":140},[84,63295,307],{"class":98},[84,63297,54293],{"class":25590},[84,63299,150],{"class":98},[70,63301,1741,63303],{"id":63302},"when-to-use-extend",[15,63304,54263],{},[20,63306,224,63307,7160],{},[15,63308,54263],{},[30,63310,63311,63314,63317],{},[33,63312,63313],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,63315,63316],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,63318,63319],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63321,6315],{},[75,63323,63325],{"className":77,"code":63324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63326,63327,63344,63362,63366,63382,63386,63396],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63328,63329,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63330,63331],{"class":90},"all_scores ",[84,63333,95],{"class":94},[84,63335,99],{"class":98},[84,63337,14346],{"class":102},[84,63339,106],{"class":98},[84,63341,14351],{"class":102},[84,63343,122],{"class":98},[84,63345,63346,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63360],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63347,63348],{"class":90},"new_scores ",[84,63350,95],{"class":94},[84,63352,99],{"class":98},[84,63354,52321],{"class":102},[84,63356,106],{"class":98},[84,63358,63359],{"class":102}," 92",[84,63361,122],{"class":98},[84,63363,63364],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63365,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63367,63368,63371,63373,63375,63377,63380],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63369,63370],{"class":90},"all_scores",[84,63372,307],{"class":98},[84,63374,54293],{"class":146},[84,63376,137],{"class":98},[84,63378,63379],{"class":146},"new_scores",[84,63381,150],{"class":98},[84,63383,63384],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,63385,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,63389,156],{"class":133},[84,63391,137],{"class":98},[84,63393,63370],{"class":146},[84,63395,150],{"class":98},[84,63397,63398],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,63399,63400],{"class":4517},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63402,63403,63404,63406,63407,307],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63405,53469],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[303,63408,56335,63409,11583],{"href":54724},[15,63410,55084],{},[70,63412,2694],{"id":2693},[995,63414,2698,63416,56284],{"id":63415},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63417,54164],{},[20,63419,63420,63421,307],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63422,4630],{},[995,63424,6024,63426,5241,63428,3348],{"id":63425},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63427,54263],{},[15,63429,53469],{},[20,63431,63432,63434,63435,63437],{},[15,63433,54263],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63436,53469],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[995,63439,29169,63441,63443],{"id":63440},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63442,54263],{}," with a string?",[20,63445,63446],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[995,63448,29169,63450,63452],{"id":63449},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63451,54263],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63454,63455],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[995,63457,63459,63460,3348],{"id":63458},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63461,54263],{},[20,63463,63464,63465,63467],{},"You get a ",[15,63466,3864],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[70,63469,2751],{"id":2750},[30,63471,63472,63478,63482,63486,63490,63496,63500],{},[33,63473,63474],{},[303,63475,56335,63476,11583],{"href":57584},[15,63477,53469],{},[33,63479,63480],{},[303,63481,55094],{"href":53865},[33,63483,63484],{},[303,63485,58044],{"href":57969},[33,63487,63488],{},[303,63489,53588],{"href":51795},[33,63491,63492],{},[303,63493,56335,63494,11583],{"href":54724},[15,63495,55084],{},[33,63497,63498],{},[303,63499,63108],{"href":53416},[33,63501,63502],{},[303,63503,56335,63504,11583],{"href":55776},[15,63505,13619],{},[20,63507,63508,63509,63511,63512,63514],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63510,53469],{},", when to use ",[15,63513,55084],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2785,63516,63517],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":63519},[63520,63521,63523,63524,63525,63532,63539,63540,63548,63550,63562],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":61917,"depth":125,"text":63522},"What list.extend() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":61998,"depth":125,"text":61999},{"id":62135,"depth":125,"text":63526,"children":63527},"extend() vs append()",[63528,63530],{"id":62149,"depth":153,"text":63529},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62212,"depth":153,"text":63531},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62298,"depth":125,"text":63533,"children":63534},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63535,63536,63537,63538],{"id":62309,"depth":153,"text":62310},{"id":62373,"depth":153,"text":62374},{"id":62439,"depth":153,"text":62440},{"id":62513,"depth":153,"text":62514},{"id":62573,"depth":125,"text":62574},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":63541},[63542,63544,63546,63547],{"id":62785,"depth":153,"text":63543},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62858,"depth":153,"text":63545},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62930,"depth":153,"text":62931},{"id":63059,"depth":153,"text":63060},{"id":63302,"depth":125,"text":63549},"When to use extend()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":63551},[63552,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"id":63415,"depth":153,"text":63553},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63425,"depth":153,"text":63555},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63440,"depth":153,"text":63557},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63449,"depth":153,"text":63559},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63458,"depth":153,"text":63561},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61821,"description":63563},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63570,"title":63571,"body":63572,"description":65663,"extension":2830,"meta":65664,"navigation":472,"path":588,"seo":65665,"stem":65666,"__hash__":65667},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63573,"toc":65626},[63574,63577,63582,63588,63599,63605,63607,63676,63678,63727,63735,63739,63744,63747,63758,63763,63765,63767,63788,63801,63804,63817,63819,63824,63849,63851,63859,63862,63931,63933,63957,63963,63967,63971,64007,64009,64029,64036,64040,64073,64075,64109,64114,64118,64151,64153,64181,64189,64193,64230,64232,64253,64256,64260,64329,64331,64355,64361,64368,64372,64375,64377,64391,64394,64418,64420,64445,64448,64467,64469,64495,64504,64508,64515,64592,64594,64635,64641,64647,64738,64740,64796,64799,64804,64808,64813,64817,64876,64878,64903,64907,64970,64972,64997,65001,65064,65066,65109,65112,65116,65120,65142,65146,65228,65230,65265,65273,65275,65279,65283,65285,65312,65317,65319,65346,65353,65356,65379,65381,65430,65433,65436,65455,65459,65462,65513,65516,65522,65526,65531,65534,65536,65542,65551,65555,65561,65565,65568,65572,65575,65579,65585,65587,65623],[10,63575,63571],{"id":63576},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63578,9962,63579,63581],{},[15,63580,68],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63583,63584,63585,63587],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63586,68],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,63589,63590,63593],{},[33,63591,63592],{},"to make an empty list",[33,63594,63595,63596,63598],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63597,60815],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63600,63601,63602,63604],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63603,68],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[70,63606,73],{"id":72},[75,63608,63610],{"className":77,"code":63609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63611,63612,63634,63652,63656,63666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63613,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63615,91],{"class":90},[84,63617,95],{"class":94},[84,63619,1636],{"class":140},[84,63621,6354],{"class":98},[84,63623,103],{"class":102},[84,63625,106],{"class":98},[84,63627,109],{"class":102},[84,63629,106],{"class":98},[84,63631,114],{"class":102},[84,63633,169],{"class":98},[84,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63637,36928],{"class":90},[84,63639,95],{"class":94},[84,63641,1636],{"class":140},[84,63643,137],{"class":98},[84,63645,3711],{"class":185},[84,63647,42378],{"class":189},[84,63649,3711],{"class":185},[84,63651,150],{"class":98},[84,63653,63654],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63655,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63657,63658,63660,63662,63664],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63659,156],{"class":133},[84,63661,137],{"class":98},[84,63663,535],{"class":146},[84,63665,150],{"class":98},[84,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,63669,156],{"class":133},[84,63671,137],{"class":98},[84,63673,36981],{"class":146},[84,63675,150],{"class":98},[20,63677,172],{},[75,63679,63681],{"className":77,"code":63680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63682,63683,63699],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63684,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63686,182],{"class":98},[84,63688,103],{"class":102},[84,63690,106],{"class":98},[84,63692,109],{"class":102},[84,63694,106],{"class":98},[84,63696,114],{"class":102},[84,63698,122],{"class":98},[84,63700,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63702,182],{"class":98},[84,63704,186],{"class":185},[84,63706,303],{"class":189},[84,63708,186],{"class":185},[84,63710,106],{"class":98},[84,63712,196],{"class":185},[84,63714,5608],{"class":189},[84,63716,186],{"class":185},[84,63718,106],{"class":98},[84,63720,196],{"class":185},[84,63722,10580],{"class":189},[84,63724,186],{"class":185},[84,63726,122],{"class":98},[20,63728,224,63729,63731,63732,63734],{},[15,63730,68],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63733,60815],{},", set, or dictionary.",[70,63736,63738],{"id":63737},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63740,63741,63743],{},[15,63742,68],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63745,63746],{},"It can:",[30,63748,63749,63752,63755],{},[33,63750,63751],{},"create a new list object",[33,63753,63754],{},"make an empty list",[33,63756,63757],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63759,63760,63761,307],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[303,63762,53588],{"href":51795},[70,63764,311],{"id":310},[20,63766,27327],{},[75,63768,63770],{"className":77,"code":63769,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63771,63772,63778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63773,63774,63776],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63775,161],{"class":140},[84,63777,9482],{"class":98},[84,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63781,161],{"class":140},[84,63783,137],{"class":98},[84,63785,249],{"class":146},[84,63787,150],{"class":98},[30,63789,63790,63795],{},[33,63791,63792,63794],{},[15,63793,68],{}," makes an empty list",[33,63796,63797,63800],{},[15,63798,63799],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63802,63803],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63815],{},[33,63807,6151],{},[33,63809,6145],{},[33,63811,6148],{},[33,63813,63814],{},"ranges",[33,63816,8090],{},[70,63818,60437],{"id":60436},[20,63820,224,63821,63823],{},[15,63822,68],{}," with no arguments:",[75,63825,63827],{"className":77,"code":63826,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63828,63829,63839],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63830,63831,63833,63835,63837],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63832,8620],{"class":90},[84,63834,95],{"class":94},[84,63836,1636],{"class":140},[84,63838,9482],{"class":98},[84,63840,63841,63843,63845,63847],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63842,156],{"class":133},[84,63844,137],{"class":98},[84,63846,8649],{"class":146},[84,63848,150],{"class":98},[20,63850,172],{},[75,63852,63853],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63854,63855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63856,63857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63858,1596],{"class":98},[20,63860,63861],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[75,63863,63865],{"className":77,"code":63864,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63866,63867,63877,63881,63899,63917,63921],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63868,63869,63871,63873,63875],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63870,8620],{"class":90},[84,63872,95],{"class":94},[84,63874,1636],{"class":140},[84,63876,9482],{"class":98},[84,63878,63879],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,63880,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63882,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,63884,8649],{"class":90},[84,63886,307],{"class":98},[84,63888,14397],{"class":146},[84,63890,137],{"class":98},[84,63892,3711],{"class":185},[84,63894,4928],{"class":189},[84,63896,3711],{"class":185},[84,63898,150],{"class":98},[84,63900,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,63902,8649],{"class":90},[84,63904,307],{"class":98},[84,63906,14397],{"class":146},[84,63908,137],{"class":98},[84,63910,3711],{"class":185},[84,63912,4937],{"class":189},[84,63914,3711],{"class":185},[84,63916,150],{"class":98},[84,63918,63919],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,63920,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,63922,63923,63925,63927,63929],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,63924,156],{"class":133},[84,63926,137],{"class":98},[84,63928,8649],{"class":146},[84,63930,150],{"class":98},[20,63932,172],{},[75,63934,63935],{"className":77,"code":39247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63936,63937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63938,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63940,182],{"class":98},[84,63942,186],{"class":185},[84,63944,4928],{"class":189},[84,63946,186],{"class":185},[84,63948,106],{"class":98},[84,63950,196],{"class":185},[84,63952,4937],{"class":189},[84,63954,186],{"class":185},[84,63956,122],{"class":98},[20,63958,63959,63960,63962],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63961,4639],{},". Both are valid.",[70,63964,63966],{"id":63965},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[995,63968,63970],{"id":63969},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[75,63972,63973],{"className":77,"code":60735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,63974,63975,63997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,63976,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,63978,91],{"class":90},[84,63980,95],{"class":94},[84,63982,1636],{"class":140},[84,63984,6354],{"class":98},[84,63986,103],{"class":102},[84,63988,106],{"class":98},[84,63990,109],{"class":102},[84,63992,106],{"class":98},[84,63994,114],{"class":102},[84,63996,169],{"class":98},[84,63998,63999,64001,64003,64005],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64000,156],{"class":133},[84,64002,137],{"class":98},[84,64004,535],{"class":146},[84,64006,150],{"class":98},[20,64008,172],{},[75,64010,64011],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,64012,64013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64014,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64016,182],{"class":98},[84,64018,103],{"class":102},[84,64020,106],{"class":98},[84,64022,109],{"class":102},[84,64024,106],{"class":98},[84,64026,114],{"class":102},[84,64028,122],{"class":98},[20,64030,64031,64032,307],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[303,64033,64035],{"href":64034},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[995,64037,64039],{"id":64038},"string-to-list","String to list",[75,64041,64043],{"className":77,"code":64042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,64044,64045,64063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64046,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64048,36928],{"class":90},[84,64050,95],{"class":94},[84,64052,1636],{"class":140},[84,64054,137],{"class":98},[84,64056,3711],{"class":185},[84,64058,37884],{"class":189},[84,64060,3711],{"class":185},[84,64062,150],{"class":98},[84,64064,64065,64067,64069,64071],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64066,156],{"class":133},[84,64068,137],{"class":98},[84,64070,36981],{"class":146},[84,64072,150],{"class":98},[20,64074,172],{},[75,64076,64078],{"className":77,"code":64077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,64079,64080],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64081,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64105,64107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64083,182],{"class":98},[84,64085,186],{"class":185},[84,64087,10580],{"class":189},[84,64089,186],{"class":185},[84,64091,106],{"class":98},[84,64093,196],{"class":185},[84,64095,303],{"class":189},[84,64097,186],{"class":185},[84,64099,106],{"class":98},[84,64101,196],{"class":185},[84,64103,64104],{"class":189},"t",[84,64106,186],{"class":185},[84,64108,122],{"class":98},[20,64110,64111,64113],{},[15,64112,68],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[995,64115,64117],{"id":64116},"range-to-list","Range to list",[75,64119,64121],{"className":77,"code":64120,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,64122,64123,64141],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64124,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64126,91],{"class":90},[84,64128,95],{"class":94},[84,64130,1636],{"class":140},[84,64132,137],{"class":98},[84,64134,60815],{"class":133},[84,64136,137],{"class":98},[84,64138,3000],{"class":102},[84,64140,169],{"class":98},[84,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64144,156],{"class":133},[84,64146,137],{"class":98},[84,64148,535],{"class":146},[84,64150,150],{"class":98},[20,64152,172],{},[75,64154,64155],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,64156,64157],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64158,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64160,182],{"class":98},[84,64162,2983],{"class":102},[84,64164,106],{"class":98},[84,64166,6341],{"class":102},[84,64168,106],{"class":98},[84,64170,109],{"class":102},[84,64172,106],{"class":98},[84,64174,114],{"class":102},[84,64176,106],{"class":98},[84,64178,119],{"class":102},[84,64180,122],{"class":98},[20,64182,64183,64184,64188],{},"This is common when working with ",[303,64185,64186],{"href":37032},[15,64187,37035],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[995,64190,64192],{"id":64191},"set-to-list","Set to list",[75,64194,64196],{"className":77,"code":64195,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,64197,64198,64220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64199,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64201,1777],{"class":90},[84,64203,95],{"class":94},[84,64205,1636],{"class":140},[84,64207,6373],{"class":98},[84,64209,437],{"class":102},[84,64211,106],{"class":98},[84,64213,442],{"class":102},[84,64215,106],{"class":98},[84,64217,447],{"class":102},[84,64219,31338],{"class":98},[84,64221,64222,64224,64226,64228],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64223,156],{"class":133},[84,64225,137],{"class":98},[84,64227,6201],{"class":146},[84,64229,150],{"class":98},[20,64231,17799],{},[75,64233,64235],{"className":77,"code":64234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,64236,64237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64238,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64240,182],{"class":98},[84,64242,437],{"class":102},[84,64244,106],{"class":98},[84,64246,442],{"class":102},[84,64248,106],{"class":98},[84,64250,447],{"class":102},[84,64252,122],{"class":98},[20,64254,64255],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[995,64257,64259],{"id":64258},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[75,64261,64263],{"className":77,"code":64262,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64264,64265,64301,64315,64319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64268,14048],{"class":90},[84,64270,95],{"class":94},[84,64272,11332],{"class":98},[84,64274,3711],{"class":185},[84,64276,8508],{"class":189},[84,64278,3711],{"class":185},[84,64280,3743],{"class":98},[84,64282,4211],{"class":185},[84,64284,13723],{"class":189},[84,64286,3711],{"class":185},[84,64288,106],{"class":98},[84,64290,4211],{"class":185},[84,64292,10139],{"class":189},[84,64294,3711],{"class":185},[84,64296,3743],{"class":98},[84,64298,10146],{"class":102},[84,64300,10149],{"class":98},[84,64302,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64304,128],{"class":90},[84,64306,95],{"class":94},[84,64308,1636],{"class":140},[84,64310,137],{"class":98},[84,64312,18147],{"class":146},[84,64314,150],{"class":98},[84,64316,64317],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,64318,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,64320,64321,64323,64325,64327],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,64322,156],{"class":133},[84,64324,137],{"class":98},[84,64326,166],{"class":146},[84,64328,150],{"class":98},[20,64330,172],{},[75,64332,64333],{"className":77,"code":26320,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,64334,64335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64336,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64338,182],{"class":98},[84,64340,186],{"class":185},[84,64342,8508],{"class":189},[84,64344,186],{"class":185},[84,64346,106],{"class":98},[84,64348,196],{"class":185},[84,64350,10139],{"class":189},[84,64352,186],{"class":185},[84,64354,122],{"class":98},[20,64356,64357,64358,64360],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64359,68],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64362,64363,64364,307],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[303,64365,64367],{"href":64366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[70,64369,64371],{"id":64370},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64373,64374],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64376,61972],{},[30,64378,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389],{},[33,64380,6142],{},[33,64382,6145],{},[33,64384,6151],{},[33,64386,6148],{},[33,64388,63814],{},[33,64390,8090],{},[20,64392,64393],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[75,64395,64397],{"className":77,"code":64396,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64398,64399],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64400,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64414,64416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64402,156],{"class":133},[84,64404,137],{"class":98},[84,64406,161],{"class":140},[84,64408,137],{"class":98},[84,64410,3711],{"class":185},[84,64412,64413],{"class":189},"hi",[84,64415,3711],{"class":185},[84,64417,169],{"class":98},[20,64419,172],{},[75,64421,64423],{"className":77,"code":64422,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64424,64425],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64426,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64428,182],{"class":98},[84,64430,186],{"class":185},[84,64432,61255],{"class":189},[84,64434,186],{"class":185},[84,64436,106],{"class":98},[84,64438,196],{"class":185},[84,64440,36992],{"class":189},[84,64442,186],{"class":185},[84,64444,122],{"class":98},[20,64446,64447],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[75,64449,64451],{"className":77,"code":64450,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64452,64453],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64454,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64456,156],{"class":133},[84,64458,137],{"class":98},[84,64460,161],{"class":140},[84,64462,137],{"class":98},[84,64464,3000],{"class":102},[84,64466,169],{"class":98},[20,64468,172],{},[75,64470,64472],{"className":77,"code":64471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64473,64474],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64475,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64477,3864],{"class":140},[84,64479,3743],{"class":98},[84,64481,196],{"class":185},[84,64483,365],{"class":189},[84,64485,186],{"class":185},[84,64487,1256],{"class":140},[84,64489,8935],{"class":94},[84,64491,8938],{"class":94},[84,64493,64494],{"class":90}," iterable\n",[20,64496,64497,64498,64500,64501,307],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[303,64499,306],{"href":6430},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[303,64502,64503],{"href":53416},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[70,64505,64507],{"id":64506},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64509,64510,64511,64514],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64512,64513],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[75,64516,64518],{"className":77,"code":64517,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64519,64520,64540,64554,64558,64568,64578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64521,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64523,12929],{"class":90},[84,64525,95],{"class":94},[84,64527,99],{"class":98},[84,64529,103],{"class":102},[84,64531,106],{"class":98},[84,64533,109],{"class":102},[84,64535,106],{"class":98},[84,64537,114],{"class":102},[84,64539,122],{"class":98},[84,64541,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64543,15155],{"class":90},[84,64545,95],{"class":94},[84,64547,1636],{"class":140},[84,64549,137],{"class":98},[84,64551,12976],{"class":146},[84,64553,150],{"class":98},[84,64555,64556],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,64557,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,64559,64560,64562,64564,64566],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,64561,156],{"class":133},[84,64563,137],{"class":98},[84,64565,12976],{"class":146},[84,64567,150],{"class":98},[84,64569,64570,64572,64574,64576],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,64571,156],{"class":133},[84,64573,137],{"class":98},[84,64575,15174],{"class":146},[84,64577,150],{"class":98},[84,64579,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,64581,156],{"class":133},[84,64583,137],{"class":98},[84,64585,12929],{"class":146},[84,64587,13037],{"class":633},[84,64589,15228],{"class":146},[84,64591,150],{"class":98},[20,64593,172],{},[75,64595,64597],{"className":77,"code":64596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64598,64599,64615,64631],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64602,182],{"class":98},[84,64604,103],{"class":102},[84,64606,106],{"class":98},[84,64608,109],{"class":102},[84,64610,106],{"class":98},[84,64612,114],{"class":102},[84,64614,122],{"class":98},[84,64616,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64618,182],{"class":98},[84,64620,103],{"class":102},[84,64622,106],{"class":98},[84,64624,109],{"class":102},[84,64626,106],{"class":98},[84,64628,114],{"class":102},[84,64630,122],{"class":98},[84,64632,64633],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,64634,4889],{"class":4704},[20,64636,64637,64638,64640],{},"This means ",[15,64639,15174],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64642,64643,64644,64646],{},"However, this is only a ",[53,64645,13693],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[75,64648,64650],{"className":77,"code":64649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64651,64652,64678,64692,64696,64714,64718,64728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64653,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64655,12929],{"class":90},[84,64657,95],{"class":94},[84,64659,57109],{"class":98},[84,64661,103],{"class":102},[84,64663,106],{"class":98},[84,64665,109],{"class":102},[84,64667,18903],{"class":98},[84,64669,99],{"class":98},[84,64671,208],{"class":102},[84,64673,106],{"class":98},[84,64675,119],{"class":102},[84,64677,54059],{"class":98},[84,64679,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64681,15155],{"class":90},[84,64683,95],{"class":94},[84,64685,1636],{"class":140},[84,64687,137],{"class":98},[84,64689,12976],{"class":146},[84,64691,150],{"class":98},[84,64693,64694],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,64695,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,64697,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,64699,15174],{"class":90},[84,64701,182],{"class":98},[84,64703,2983],{"class":102},[84,64705,14394],{"class":98},[84,64707,14397],{"class":146},[84,64709,137],{"class":98},[84,64711,57162],{"class":102},[84,64713,150],{"class":98},[84,64715,64716],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,64717,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,64721,156],{"class":133},[84,64723,137],{"class":98},[84,64725,12976],{"class":146},[84,64727,150],{"class":98},[84,64729,64730,64732,64734,64736],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,64731,156],{"class":133},[84,64733,137],{"class":98},[84,64735,15174],{"class":146},[84,64737,150],{"class":98},[20,64739,172],{},[75,64741,64742],{"className":77,"code":57193,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,64743,64744,64770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64745,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64747,57200],{"class":98},[84,64749,103],{"class":102},[84,64751,106],{"class":98},[84,64753,109],{"class":102},[84,64755,106],{"class":98},[84,64757,11038],{"class":102},[84,64759,18903],{"class":98},[84,64761,99],{"class":98},[84,64763,208],{"class":102},[84,64765,106],{"class":98},[84,64767,119],{"class":102},[84,64769,54059],{"class":98},[84,64771,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64773,57200],{"class":98},[84,64775,103],{"class":102},[84,64777,106],{"class":98},[84,64779,109],{"class":102},[84,64781,106],{"class":98},[84,64783,11038],{"class":102},[84,64785,18903],{"class":98},[84,64787,99],{"class":98},[84,64789,208],{"class":102},[84,64791,106],{"class":98},[84,64793,119],{"class":102},[84,64795,54059],{"class":98},[20,64797,64798],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64800,64801,64802,307],{},"For more on this, see ",[303,64803,14635],{"href":14634},[70,64805,64807],{"id":64806},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64809,64810,64811,307],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64812,68],{},[995,64814,64816],{"id":64815},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[75,64818,64820],{"className":77,"code":64819,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64821,64822,64862],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64823,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64825,13706],{"class":90},[84,64827,95],{"class":94},[84,64829,11332],{"class":98},[84,64831,3711],{"class":185},[84,64833,8508],{"class":189},[84,64835,3711],{"class":185},[84,64837,3743],{"class":98},[84,64839,4211],{"class":185},[84,64841,8761],{"class":189},[84,64843,3711],{"class":185},[84,64845,106],{"class":98},[84,64847,4211],{"class":185},[84,64849,20733],{"class":189},[84,64851,3711],{"class":185},[84,64853,3743],{"class":98},[84,64855,4211],{"class":185},[84,64857,23088],{"class":189},[84,64859,3711],{"class":185},[84,64861,10149],{"class":98},[84,64863,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64865,156],{"class":133},[84,64867,137],{"class":98},[84,64869,161],{"class":140},[84,64871,137],{"class":98},[84,64873,14470],{"class":146},[84,64875,169],{"class":98},[20,64877,172],{},[75,64879,64881],{"className":77,"code":64880,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64882,64883],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64884,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64886,182],{"class":98},[84,64888,186],{"class":185},[84,64890,8508],{"class":189},[84,64892,186],{"class":185},[84,64894,106],{"class":98},[84,64896,196],{"class":185},[84,64898,20733],{"class":189},[84,64900,186],{"class":185},[84,64902,122],{"class":98},[995,64904,64906],{"id":64905},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[75,64908,64910],{"className":77,"code":64909,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64911,64912,64952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64913,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64915,13706],{"class":90},[84,64917,95],{"class":94},[84,64919,11332],{"class":98},[84,64921,3711],{"class":185},[84,64923,8508],{"class":189},[84,64925,3711],{"class":185},[84,64927,3743],{"class":98},[84,64929,4211],{"class":185},[84,64931,8761],{"class":189},[84,64933,3711],{"class":185},[84,64935,106],{"class":98},[84,64937,4211],{"class":185},[84,64939,20733],{"class":189},[84,64941,3711],{"class":185},[84,64943,3743],{"class":98},[84,64945,4211],{"class":185},[84,64947,23088],{"class":189},[84,64949,3711],{"class":185},[84,64951,10149],{"class":98},[84,64953,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,64955,156],{"class":133},[84,64957,137],{"class":98},[84,64959,161],{"class":140},[84,64961,137],{"class":98},[84,64963,14470],{"class":146},[84,64965,307],{"class":98},[84,64967,6201],{"class":146},[84,64969,7132],{"class":98},[20,64971,172],{},[75,64973,64975],{"className":77,"code":64974,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64976,64977],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,64978,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,64980,182],{"class":98},[84,64982,186],{"class":185},[84,64984,8761],{"class":189},[84,64986,186],{"class":185},[84,64988,106],{"class":98},[84,64990,196],{"class":185},[84,64992,23088],{"class":189},[84,64994,186],{"class":185},[84,64996,122],{"class":98},[995,64998,65000],{"id":64999},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[75,65002,65004],{"className":77,"code":65003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,65005,65006,65046],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65009,13706],{"class":90},[84,65011,95],{"class":94},[84,65013,11332],{"class":98},[84,65015,3711],{"class":185},[84,65017,8508],{"class":189},[84,65019,3711],{"class":185},[84,65021,3743],{"class":98},[84,65023,4211],{"class":185},[84,65025,8761],{"class":189},[84,65027,3711],{"class":185},[84,65029,106],{"class":98},[84,65031,4211],{"class":185},[84,65033,20733],{"class":189},[84,65035,3711],{"class":185},[84,65037,3743],{"class":98},[84,65039,4211],{"class":185},[84,65041,23088],{"class":189},[84,65043,3711],{"class":185},[84,65045,10149],{"class":98},[84,65047,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65049,156],{"class":133},[84,65051,137],{"class":98},[84,65053,161],{"class":140},[84,65055,137],{"class":98},[84,65057,14470],{"class":146},[84,65059,307],{"class":98},[84,65061,8649],{"class":146},[84,65063,7132],{"class":98},[20,65065,172],{},[75,65067,65069],{"className":77,"code":65068,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,65070,65071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65072,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65074,22583],{"class":98},[84,65076,186],{"class":185},[84,65078,8508],{"class":189},[84,65080,186],{"class":185},[84,65082,106],{"class":98},[84,65084,196],{"class":185},[84,65086,8761],{"class":189},[84,65088,186],{"class":185},[84,65090,10073],{"class":98},[84,65092,10076],{"class":98},[84,65094,186],{"class":185},[84,65096,20733],{"class":189},[84,65098,186],{"class":185},[84,65100,106],{"class":98},[84,65102,196],{"class":185},[84,65104,23088],{"class":189},[84,65106,186],{"class":185},[84,65108,10089],{"class":98},[20,65110,65111],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[70,65113,65115],{"id":65114},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,65117,224,65118,11443],{},[15,65119,68],{},[30,65121,65122,65130,65139],{},[33,65123,65124,65125,3736,65127],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,65126,53469],{},[15,65128,65129],{},"sort()",[33,65131,65132,65133,3736,65135,65138],{},"you want to convert ",[15,65134,37035],{},[15,65136,65137],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,65140,65141],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,65143,46857,65144,3743],{},[15,65145,65137],{},[75,65147,65149],{"className":77,"code":65148,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,65150,65151,65175,65191,65195,65218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65152,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65154,5842],{"class":90},[84,65156,95],{"class":94},[84,65158,99],{"class":98},[84,65160,3711],{"class":185},[84,65162,13723],{"class":189},[84,65164,3711],{"class":185},[84,65166,106],{"class":98},[84,65168,4211],{"class":185},[84,65170,36778],{"class":189},[84,65172,3711],{"class":185},[84,65174,122],{"class":98},[84,65176,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65178,5911],{"class":90},[84,65180,95],{"class":94},[84,65182,99],{"class":98},[84,65184,14346],{"class":102},[84,65186,106],{"class":98},[84,65188,14351],{"class":102},[84,65190,122],{"class":98},[84,65192,65193],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,65194,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,65196,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,65198,10055],{"class":90},[84,65200,95],{"class":94},[84,65202,1636],{"class":140},[84,65204,137],{"class":98},[84,65206,65207],{"class":133},"zip",[84,65209,137],{"class":98},[84,65211,5886],{"class":146},[84,65213,106],{"class":98},[84,65215,5958],{"class":146},[84,65217,169],{"class":98},[84,65219,65220,65222,65224,65226],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,65221,156],{"class":133},[84,65223,137],{"class":98},[84,65225,10102],{"class":146},[84,65227,150],{"class":98},[20,65229,172],{},[75,65231,65233],{"className":77,"code":65232,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,65234,65235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65236,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65238,22583],{"class":98},[84,65240,186],{"class":185},[84,65242,13723],{"class":189},[84,65244,186],{"class":185},[84,65246,106],{"class":98},[84,65248,20740],{"class":102},[84,65250,10073],{"class":98},[84,65252,10076],{"class":98},[84,65254,186],{"class":185},[84,65256,36778],{"class":189},[84,65258,186],{"class":185},[84,65260,106],{"class":98},[84,65262,14351],{"class":102},[84,65264,10089],{"class":98},[20,65266,65267,65268,65270,65271,307],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,65269,53469],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[303,65272,53866],{"href":53865},[70,65274,2058],{"id":2057},[20,65276,57591,65277,307],{},[15,65278,68],{},[995,65280,65282],{"id":65281},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,65284,5372],{},[75,65286,65288],{"className":77,"code":65287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,65289,65290,65294],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65291,65292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65293,5382],{"class":4517},[84,65295,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65297,161],{"class":140},[84,65299,137],{"class":98},[84,65301,103],{"class":102},[84,65303,106],{"class":98},[84,65305,109],{"class":102},[84,65307,106],{"class":98},[84,65309,114],{"class":102},[84,65311,150],{"class":98},[20,65313,65314,65316],{},[15,65315,68],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,65318,19536],{},[75,65320,65322],{"className":77,"code":65321,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65323,65324],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65325,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65327,156],{"class":133},[84,65329,137],{"class":98},[84,65331,161],{"class":140},[84,65333,6354],{"class":98},[84,65335,103],{"class":102},[84,65337,106],{"class":98},[84,65339,109],{"class":102},[84,65341,106],{"class":98},[84,65343,114],{"class":102},[84,65345,3771],{"class":98},[995,65347,65349,65350],{"id":65348},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[84,65351,65352],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65354,65355],{},"This is a common surprise:",[75,65357,65359],{"className":77,"code":65358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65360,65361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65362,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65364,156],{"class":133},[84,65366,137],{"class":98},[84,65368,161],{"class":140},[84,65370,137],{"class":98},[84,65372,3711],{"class":185},[84,65374,4697],{"class":189},[84,65376,3711],{"class":185},[84,65378,169],{"class":98},[20,65380,172],{},[75,65382,65384],{"className":77,"code":65383,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65385,65386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65387,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65389,182],{"class":98},[84,65391,186],{"class":185},[84,65393,61255],{"class":189},[84,65395,186],{"class":185},[84,65397,106],{"class":98},[84,65399,196],{"class":185},[84,65401,61264],{"class":189},[84,65403,186],{"class":185},[84,65405,106],{"class":98},[84,65407,196],{"class":185},[84,65409,61273],{"class":189},[84,65411,186],{"class":185},[84,65413,106],{"class":98},[84,65415,196],{"class":185},[84,65417,61273],{"class":189},[84,65419,186],{"class":185},[84,65421,106],{"class":98},[84,65423,196],{"class":185},[84,65425,61290],{"class":189},[84,65427,186],{"class":185},[84,65429,122],{"class":98},[20,65431,65432],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65434,65435],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[75,65437,65439],{"className":77,"code":65438,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65440,65441],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65442,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65444,156],{"class":133},[84,65446,3845],{"class":98},[84,65448,3711],{"class":185},[84,65450,4697],{"class":189},[84,65452,3711],{"class":185},[84,65454,4737],{"class":98},[995,65456,65458],{"id":65457},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65460,65461],{},"This:",[75,65463,65465],{"className":77,"code":65464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65466,65467,65499],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65468,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65470,10005],{"class":90},[84,65472,95],{"class":94},[84,65474,11332],{"class":98},[84,65476,3711],{"class":185},[84,65478,303],{"class":189},[84,65480,3711],{"class":185},[84,65482,3743],{"class":98},[84,65484,6341],{"class":102},[84,65486,106],{"class":98},[84,65488,4211],{"class":185},[84,65490,5608],{"class":189},[84,65492,3711],{"class":185},[84,65494,3743],{"class":98},[84,65496,109],{"class":102},[84,65498,10149],{"class":98},[84,65500,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65502,156],{"class":133},[84,65504,137],{"class":98},[84,65506,161],{"class":140},[84,65508,137],{"class":98},[84,65510,10044],{"class":146},[84,65512,169],{"class":98},[20,65514,65515],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65517,224,65518,65521],{},[15,65519,65520],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[995,65523,65525],{"id":65524},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65527,65528,65530],{},[15,65529,68],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65532,65533],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[70,65535,2694],{"id":2693},[995,65537,6024,65539,65541],{"id":65538},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[84,65540],{}," and list()?",[20,65543,65544,65545,65547,65548,65550],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65546,4639],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65549,68],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[995,65552,65554],{"id":65553},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65556,65557,65558,65560],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65559,68],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[995,65562,65564],{"id":65563},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65566,65567],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[995,65569,65571],{"id":65570},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65573,65574],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[995,65576,65578],{"id":65577},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65580,65581,65582,65584],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65583,68],{}," cannot loop through it.",[70,65586,2751],{"id":2750},[30,65588,65589,65593,65598,65602,65606,65610,65614,65619],{},[33,65590,65591],{},[303,65592,53588],{"href":51795},[33,65594,65595],{},[303,65596,65597],{"href":37032},"Python range() function explained",[33,65599,65600],{},[303,65601,64035],{"href":64034},[33,65603,65604],{},[303,65605,64367],{"href":64366},[33,65607,65608],{},[303,65609,2783],{"href":6430},[33,65611,65612],{},[303,65613,14635],{"href":14634},[33,65615,65616],{},[303,65617,65618],{"href":53416},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,65620,65621],{},[303,65622,55094],{"href":53865},[2785,65624,65625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":65627},[65628,65629,65630,65631,65632,65639,65640,65641,65646,65647,65654,65662],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":63737,"depth":125,"text":63738},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":60436,"depth":125,"text":60437},{"id":63965,"depth":125,"text":63966,"children":65633},[65634,65635,65636,65637,65638],{"id":63969,"depth":153,"text":63970},{"id":64038,"depth":153,"text":64039},{"id":64116,"depth":153,"text":64117},{"id":64191,"depth":153,"text":64192},{"id":64258,"depth":153,"text":64259},{"id":64370,"depth":125,"text":64371},{"id":64506,"depth":125,"text":64507},{"id":64806,"depth":125,"text":64807,"children":65642},[65643,65644,65645],{"id":64815,"depth":153,"text":64816},{"id":64905,"depth":153,"text":64906},{"id":64999,"depth":153,"text":65000},{"id":65114,"depth":125,"text":65115},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":65648},[65649,65650,65652,65653],{"id":65281,"depth":153,"text":65282},{"id":65348,"depth":153,"text":65651},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65457,"depth":153,"text":65458},{"id":65524,"depth":153,"text":65525},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":65655},[65656,65658,65659,65660,65661],{"id":65538,"depth":153,"text":65657},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65553,"depth":153,"text":65554},{"id":65563,"depth":153,"text":65564},{"id":65570,"depth":153,"text":65571},{"id":65577,"depth":153,"text":65578},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":63571,"description":65663},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65669,"title":65670,"body":65671,"description":67021,"extension":2830,"meta":67022,"navigation":472,"path":67023,"seo":67024,"stem":67025,"__hash__":67026},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65672,"toc":66995},[65673,65678,65684,65693,65695,65768,65777,65782,65786,65802,65806,65808,65810,65829,65832,65860,65863,65888,65896,65898,65903,65910,65912,65969,65971,65979,65985,65989,65992,66065,66067,66075,66078,66101,66108,66114,66118,66124,66195,66197,66205,66214,66221,66228,66236,66380,66382,66399,66401,66440,66443,66447,66452,66454,66513,66519,66522,66629,66631,66646,66649,66656,66658,66662,66810,66813,66874,66877,66880,66901,66906,66910,66921,66924,66926,66931,66934,66942,66947,66953,66956,66962,66970,66972,66992],[10,65674,55158,65676,12166],{"id":65675},"python-list-index-method",[15,65677,59784],{},[20,65679,65680,65683],{},[15,65681,65682],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65685,65686,65687,65690,65691,307],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[53,65688,65689],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65692,41521],{},[70,65694,4464],{"id":4463},[75,65696,65698],{"className":77,"code":65697,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65699,65700,65732,65755],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65701,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65703,8620],{"class":90},[84,65705,95],{"class":94},[84,65707,99],{"class":98},[84,65709,3711],{"class":185},[84,65711,4928],{"class":189},[84,65713,3711],{"class":185},[84,65715,106],{"class":98},[84,65717,4211],{"class":185},[84,65719,4937],{"class":189},[84,65721,3711],{"class":185},[84,65723,106],{"class":98},[84,65725,4211],{"class":185},[84,65727,4946],{"class":189},[84,65729,3711],{"class":185},[84,65731,122],{"class":98},[84,65733,65734,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65735,65736],{"class":90},"position ",[84,65738,95],{"class":94},[84,65740,6808],{"class":90},[84,65742,307],{"class":98},[84,65744,36683],{"class":146},[84,65746,137],{"class":98},[84,65748,3711],{"class":185},[84,65750,4937],{"class":189},[84,65752,3711],{"class":185},[84,65754,150],{"class":98},[84,65756,65757,65759,65761,65764,65766],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,65758,156],{"class":133},[84,65760,137],{"class":98},[84,65762,65763],{"class":146},"position",[84,65765,1970],{"class":98},[84,65767,28620],{"class":4517},[20,65769,224,65770,65773,65774,65776],{},[15,65771,65772],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65775,41521],{}," if the item is not found.",[70,65778,235,65780,238],{"id":65779},"what-listindex-does",[15,65781,65682],{},[20,65783,65784,3743],{},[15,65785,65682],{},[30,65787,65788,65791,65794,65799],{},[33,65789,65790],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,65792,65793],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,65795,65796,65797],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65798,2983],{},[33,65800,65801],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65803,55383,65804,307],{},[303,65805,53588],{"href":55386},[70,65807,311],{"id":310},[20,65809,267],{},[75,65811,65813],{"className":77,"code":65812,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65814,65815],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65816,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65818,9178],{"class":90},[84,65820,307],{"class":98},[84,65822,36683],{"class":146},[84,65824,137],{"class":98},[84,65826,3329],{"class":146},[84,65828,150],{"class":98},[20,65830,65831],{},"You can also limit the search:",[75,65833,65835],{"className":77,"code":65834,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65836,65837],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65838,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65840,9178],{"class":90},[84,65842,307],{"class":98},[84,65844,36683],{"class":146},[84,65846,137],{"class":98},[84,65848,3329],{"class":146},[84,65850,106],{"class":98},[84,65852,36889],{"class":146},[84,65854,106],{"class":98},[84,65856,65857],{"class":146}," end",[84,65859,150],{"class":98},[20,65861,65862],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,65864,65865,65870,65875,65880],{},[33,65866,65867,65869],{},[15,65868,3329],{},": the item to search for",[33,65871,65872,65874],{},[15,65873,36910],{},": where the search begins",[33,65876,65877,65879],{},[15,65878,53477],{},": where the search stops",[33,65881,65882,5631,65884,65887],{},[15,65883,53477],{},[53,65885,65886],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65889,65890,65891,65893,65894,307],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65892,36910],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65895,53477],{},[70,65897,38846],{"id":38845},[20,65899,65900,65902],{},[15,65901,65682],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65904,65905,65906,65909],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[53,65907,65908],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65911,814],{},[75,65913,65915],{"className":77,"code":65914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65916,65917,65937,65955,65959],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65918,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927,65929,65931,65933,65935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65920,91],{"class":90},[84,65922,95],{"class":94},[84,65924,99],{"class":98},[84,65926,437],{"class":102},[84,65928,106],{"class":98},[84,65930,442],{"class":102},[84,65932,106],{"class":98},[84,65934,447],{"class":102},[84,65936,122],{"class":98},[84,65938,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951,65953],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,65940,128],{"class":90},[84,65942,95],{"class":94},[84,65944,147],{"class":90},[84,65946,307],{"class":98},[84,65948,36683],{"class":146},[84,65950,137],{"class":98},[84,65952,512],{"class":102},[84,65954,150],{"class":98},[84,65956,65957],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,65958,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,65960,65961,65963,65965,65967],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,65962,156],{"class":133},[84,65964,137],{"class":98},[84,65966,166],{"class":146},[84,65968,150],{"class":98},[20,65970,172],{},[75,65972,65973],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,65974,65975],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65976,65977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,65978,1464],{"class":102},[20,65980,65981,65982,65984],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65983,59784],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[70,65986,65988],{"id":65987},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65990,65991],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[75,65993,65995],{"className":77,"code":65994,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65996,65997,66029,66051,66055],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,65998,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66000,37076],{"class":90},[84,66002,95],{"class":94},[84,66004,99],{"class":98},[84,66006,3711],{"class":185},[84,66008,4928],{"class":189},[84,66010,3711],{"class":185},[84,66012,106],{"class":98},[84,66014,4211],{"class":185},[84,66016,4937],{"class":189},[84,66018,3711],{"class":185},[84,66020,106],{"class":98},[84,66022,4211],{"class":185},[84,66024,4946],{"class":189},[84,66026,3711],{"class":185},[84,66028,122],{"class":98},[84,66030,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66032,65736],{"class":90},[84,66034,95],{"class":94},[84,66036,53668],{"class":90},[84,66038,307],{"class":98},[84,66040,36683],{"class":146},[84,66042,137],{"class":98},[84,66044,3711],{"class":185},[84,66046,4946],{"class":189},[84,66048,3711],{"class":185},[84,66050,150],{"class":98},[84,66052,66053],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66054,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,66056,66057,66059,66061,66063],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,66058,156],{"class":133},[84,66060,137],{"class":98},[84,66062,65763],{"class":146},[84,66064,150],{"class":98},[20,66066,172],{},[75,66068,66069],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66070,66071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66072,66073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66074,1469],{"class":102},[20,66076,66077],{},"In this list:",[30,66079,66080,66087,66094],{},[33,66081,66082,66084,66085],{},[15,66083,58649],{}," is at index ",[15,66086,2983],{},[33,66088,66089,66084,66092],{},[15,66090,66091],{},"\"banana\"",[15,66093,103],{},[33,66095,66096,66084,66099],{},[15,66097,66098],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,66100,199],{},[20,66102,573,66103,3254,66106,307],{},[15,66104,66105],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,66107,199],{},[20,66109,52359,66110,307],{},[303,66111,66113],{"href":66112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[70,66115,66117],{"id":66116},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,66119,66120,66121,66123],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,66122,59784],{}," returns the first match only.",[75,66125,66127],{"className":77,"code":66126,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,66128,66129,66169,66173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66130,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66132,13919],{"class":90},[84,66134,95],{"class":94},[84,66136,99],{"class":98},[84,66138,3711],{"class":185},[84,66140,13936],{"class":189},[84,66142,3711],{"class":185},[84,66144,106],{"class":98},[84,66146,4211],{"class":185},[84,66148,13953],{"class":189},[84,66150,3711],{"class":185},[84,66152,106],{"class":98},[84,66154,4211],{"class":185},[84,66156,13936],{"class":189},[84,66158,3711],{"class":185},[84,66160,106],{"class":98},[84,66162,4211],{"class":185},[84,66164,18296],{"class":189},[84,66166,3711],{"class":185},[84,66168,122],{"class":98},[84,66170,66171],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66172,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,66174,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189,66191,66193],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66176,156],{"class":133},[84,66178,137],{"class":98},[84,66180,18343],{"class":146},[84,66182,307],{"class":98},[84,66184,36683],{"class":146},[84,66186,137],{"class":98},[84,66188,3711],{"class":185},[84,66190,13936],{"class":189},[84,66192,3711],{"class":185},[84,66194,169],{"class":98},[20,66196,172],{},[75,66198,66199],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,66200,66201],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66202,66203],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66204,48067],{"class":102},[20,66206,21820,66207,66210,66211,66213],{},[15,66208,66209],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,66212,2983],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,66215,66216,66217,307],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[303,66218,56335,66219,11583],{"href":59843},[15,66220,58106],{},[70,66222,595,66224,5241,66226],{"id":66223},"using-start-and-end",[15,66225,36910],{},[15,66227,53477],{},[20,66229,66230,66231,5241,66233,66235],{},"The optional ",[15,66232,36910],{},[15,66234,53477],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[75,66237,66239],{"className":77,"code":66238,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,66240,66241,66289,66293,66318,66347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66242,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66244,36928],{"class":90},[84,66246,95],{"class":94},[84,66248,99],{"class":98},[84,66250,3711],{"class":185},[84,66252,303],{"class":189},[84,66254,3711],{"class":185},[84,66256,106],{"class":98},[84,66258,4211],{"class":185},[84,66260,5608],{"class":189},[84,66262,3711],{"class":185},[84,66264,106],{"class":98},[84,66266,4211],{"class":185},[84,66268,10580],{"class":189},[84,66270,3711],{"class":185},[84,66272,106],{"class":98},[84,66274,4211],{"class":185},[84,66276,5608],{"class":189},[84,66278,3711],{"class":185},[84,66280,106],{"class":98},[84,66282,4211],{"class":185},[84,66284,19609],{"class":189},[84,66286,3711],{"class":185},[84,66288,122],{"class":98},[84,66290,66291],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66292,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,66294,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66296,156],{"class":133},[84,66298,137],{"class":98},[84,66300,36981],{"class":146},[84,66302,307],{"class":98},[84,66304,36683],{"class":146},[84,66306,137],{"class":98},[84,66308,3711],{"class":185},[84,66310,5608],{"class":189},[84,66312,3711],{"class":185},[84,66314,6204],{"class":98},[84,66316,66317],{"class":4517},"        # first match\n",[84,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,66321,156],{"class":133},[84,66323,137],{"class":98},[84,66325,36981],{"class":146},[84,66327,307],{"class":98},[84,66329,36683],{"class":146},[84,66331,137],{"class":98},[84,66333,3711],{"class":185},[84,66335,5608],{"class":189},[84,66337,3711],{"class":185},[84,66339,106],{"class":98},[84,66341,109],{"class":102},[84,66343,6204],{"class":98},[84,66345,66346],{"class":4517},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[84,66348,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,66350,156],{"class":133},[84,66352,137],{"class":98},[84,66354,36981],{"class":146},[84,66356,307],{"class":98},[84,66358,36683],{"class":146},[84,66360,137],{"class":98},[84,66362,3711],{"class":185},[84,66364,5608],{"class":189},[84,66366,3711],{"class":185},[84,66368,106],{"class":98},[84,66370,6341],{"class":102},[84,66372,106],{"class":98},[84,66374,119],{"class":102},[84,66376,6204],{"class":98},[84,66378,66379],{"class":4517},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66381,172],{},[75,66383,66385],{"className":77,"code":66384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66386,66387,66391,66395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66388,66389],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66390,1464],{"class":102},[84,66392,66393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66394,1474],{"class":102},[84,66396,66397],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66398,1464],{"class":102},[20,66400,743],{},[30,66402,66403,66415,66428],{},[33,66404,66405,66408,66409,66412,66413],{},[15,66406,66407],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66410,66411],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66414,103],{},[33,66416,66417,66420,66421,66423,66424,66412,66426],{},[15,66418,66419],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66422,199],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66425,66411],{},[15,66427,208],{},[33,66429,66430,66433,66434,362,66436,17912,66438],{},[15,66431,66432],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66435,103],{},[15,66437,199],{},[15,66439,208],{},[20,66441,66442],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[70,66444,66446],{"id":66445},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66448,66449,66450,307],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66451,41521],{},[20,66453,814],{},[75,66455,66457],{"className":77,"code":66456,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66458,66459,66491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66460,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487,66489],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66462,8620],{"class":90},[84,66464,95],{"class":94},[84,66466,99],{"class":98},[84,66468,3711],{"class":185},[84,66470,4928],{"class":189},[84,66472,3711],{"class":185},[84,66474,106],{"class":98},[84,66476,4211],{"class":185},[84,66478,4937],{"class":189},[84,66480,3711],{"class":185},[84,66482,106],{"class":98},[84,66484,4211],{"class":185},[84,66486,4946],{"class":189},[84,66488,3711],{"class":185},[84,66490,122],{"class":98},[84,66492,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66494,156],{"class":133},[84,66496,137],{"class":98},[84,66498,8649],{"class":146},[84,66500,307],{"class":98},[84,66502,36683],{"class":146},[84,66504,137],{"class":98},[84,66506,3711],{"class":185},[84,66508,34061],{"class":189},[84,66510,3711],{"class":185},[84,66512,169],{"class":98},[20,66514,40477,66515,66518],{},[15,66516,66517],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66520,66521],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[75,66523,66525],{"className":77,"code":66524,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66526,66527,66559,66572,66576,66589,66608,66614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66528,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66530,8620],{"class":90},[84,66532,95],{"class":94},[84,66534,99],{"class":98},[84,66536,3711],{"class":185},[84,66538,4928],{"class":189},[84,66540,3711],{"class":185},[84,66542,106],{"class":98},[84,66544,4211],{"class":185},[84,66546,4937],{"class":189},[84,66548,3711],{"class":185},[84,66550,106],{"class":98},[84,66552,4211],{"class":185},[84,66554,4946],{"class":189},[84,66556,3711],{"class":185},[84,66558,122],{"class":98},[84,66560,66561,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66562,66563],{"class":90},"search_value ",[84,66565,95],{"class":94},[84,66567,4211],{"class":185},[84,66569,34061],{"class":189},[84,66571,4217],{"class":185},[84,66573,66574],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66575,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,66577,66578,66580,66583,66585,66587],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,66579,7836],{"class":633},[84,66581,66582],{"class":90}," search_value ",[84,66584,1434],{"class":94},[84,66586,6808],{"class":90},[84,66588,1440],{"class":98},[84,66590,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66606],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,66592,1445],{"class":133},[84,66594,137],{"class":98},[84,66596,8649],{"class":146},[84,66598,307],{"class":98},[84,66600,36683],{"class":146},[84,66602,137],{"class":98},[84,66604,66605],{"class":146},"search_value",[84,66607,169],{"class":98},[84,66609,66610,66612],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,66611,28274],{"class":633},[84,66613,1440],{"class":98},[84,66615,66616,66618,66620,66622,66625,66627],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,66617,1445],{"class":133},[84,66619,137],{"class":98},[84,66621,3711],{"class":185},[84,66623,66624],{"class":189},"Item not found",[84,66626,3711],{"class":185},[84,66628,150],{"class":98},[20,66630,172],{},[75,66632,66634],{"className":77,"code":66633,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Item not found\n",[15,66635,66636],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66637,66638,66641,66643],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66639,66640],{"class":90},"Item ",[84,66642,55],{"class":94},[84,66644,66645],{"class":90}," found\n",[20,66647,66648],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66650,66651,66652,307],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,66653,66655],{"href":66654},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[70,66657,2058],{"id":2057},[20,66659,22054,66660,3743],{},[15,66661,65682],{},[30,66663,66664,66682,66694,66754],{},[33,66665,26614,66666,3254,66668,66671,66672,66674,66675,6006,66677,66679,66680,307],{},[15,66667,59784],{},[15,66669,66670],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10687,66673],{},"\nPython does ",[53,66676,55],{},[15,66678,66670],{},". It raises ",[15,66681,41521],{},[33,66683,66684,66685,66687,66690,66691,66693],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10687,66686],{},[15,66688,66689],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66692,66091],{},", not the value itself.",[33,66695,595,66696,11935,66699,66701,66703,66704,2211,66706,66729,2155,66731],{},[15,66697,66698],{},"index[]",[15,66700,59784],{},[10687,66702],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10687,66705],{},[75,66707,66709],{"className":77,"code":66708,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66710,66711],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66712,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66714,8649],{"class":90},[84,66716,307],{"class":98},[84,66718,36683],{"class":146},[84,66720,137],{"class":98},[84,66722,3711],{"class":185},[84,66724,4937],{"class":189},[84,66726,3711],{"class":185},[84,66728,150],{"class":98},[10687,66730],{},[75,66732,66734],{"className":77,"code":66733,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66735,66736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66737,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66739,8649],{"class":90},[84,66741,307],{"class":98},[84,66743,36683],{"class":25590},[84,66745,182],{"class":98},[84,66747,3711],{"class":185},[84,66749,4937],{"class":189},[84,66751,3711],{"class":185},[84,66753,122],{"class":98},[33,66755,66756,66757,66759,5241,66762,66764,66765],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10687,66758],{},[15,66760,66761],{},"\"3\"",[15,66763,208],{}," are different values in Python.",[75,66766,66768],{"className":77,"code":66767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66769,66770,66790],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66771,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66773,91],{"class":90},[84,66775,95],{"class":94},[84,66777,99],{"class":98},[84,66779,103],{"class":102},[84,66781,106],{"class":98},[84,66783,109],{"class":102},[84,66785,106],{"class":98},[84,66787,114],{"class":102},[84,66789,122],{"class":98},[84,66791,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66793,156],{"class":133},[84,66795,137],{"class":98},[84,66797,3711],{"class":185},[84,66799,208],{"class":189},[84,66801,3711],{"class":185},[84,66803,22016],{"class":633},[84,66805,147],{"class":146},[84,66807,1970],{"class":98},[84,66809,5619],{"class":4517},[20,66811,66812],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[75,66814,66816],{"className":77,"code":66815,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66817,66818,66828,66842,66856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,66819,66820,66822,66824,66826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,66821,156],{"class":133},[84,66823,137],{"class":98},[84,66825,9178],{"class":146},[84,66827,150],{"class":98},[84,66829,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,66831,156],{"class":133},[84,66833,137],{"class":98},[84,66835,2624],{"class":140},[84,66837,137],{"class":98},[84,66839,66605],{"class":146},[84,66841,169],{"class":98},[84,66843,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,66845,156],{"class":133},[84,66847,137],{"class":98},[84,66849,66563],{"class":146},[84,66851,1434],{"class":633},[84,66853,9234],{"class":146},[84,66855,150],{"class":98},[84,66857,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,66859,156],{"class":133},[84,66861,137],{"class":98},[84,66863,9178],{"class":146},[84,66865,307],{"class":98},[84,66867,36683],{"class":146},[84,66869,137],{"class":98},[84,66871,66605],{"class":146},[84,66873,169],{"class":98},[20,66875,66876],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66878,66879],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,66881,66882,66885,66892,66898],{},[33,66883,66884],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,66886,66887,66888,11935,66890],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66889,66761],{},[15,66891,208],{},[33,66893,66894,66895,66897],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66896,59784],{}," returns only the first one",[33,66899,66900],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[70,66902,1741,66904],{"id":66903},"when-to-use-index",[15,66905,59784],{},[20,66907,224,66908,11443],{},[15,66909,59784],{},[30,66911,66912,66915,66918],{},[33,66913,66914],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,66916,66917],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,66919,66920],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66922,66923],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[70,66925,2694],{"id":2693},[995,66927,5987,66929,5990],{"id":66928},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66930,65682],{},[20,66932,66933],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[995,66935,2698,66937,6006,66939,66941],{"id":66936},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66938,65682],{},[15,66940,66670],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66943,66944,66945,7470],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66946,41521],{},[995,66948,2734,66950,66952],{"id":66949},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66951,65682],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66954,66955],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[995,66957,66959,66960,3348],{"id":66958},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66961,59784],{},[20,66963,66964,66965,5241,66967,66969],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66966,36910],{},[15,66968,53477],{}," arguments.",[70,66971,2751],{"id":2750},[30,66973,66974,66978,66982,66986],{},[33,66975,66976],{},[303,66977,59772],{"href":66112},[33,66979,66980],{},[303,66981,53588],{"href":55386},[33,66983,66984],{},[303,66985,66655],{"href":66654},[33,66987,66988],{},[303,66989,56335,66990,11583],{"href":59843},[15,66991,58106],{},[2785,66993,66994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":66996},[66997,66998,67000,67001,67002,67003,67004,67006,67007,67008,67010,67020],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":65779,"depth":125,"text":66999},"What list.index() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846},{"id":65987,"depth":125,"text":65988},{"id":66116,"depth":125,"text":66117},{"id":66223,"depth":125,"text":67005},"Using start and end",{"id":66445,"depth":125,"text":66446},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058},{"id":66903,"depth":125,"text":67009},"When to use index()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":67011},[67012,67014,67016,67018],{"id":66928,"depth":153,"text":67013},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66936,"depth":153,"text":67015},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66949,"depth":153,"text":67017},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66958,"depth":153,"text":67019},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65670,"description":67021},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":67028,"title":67029,"body":67030,"description":68970,"extension":2830,"meta":68971,"navigation":472,"path":68972,"seo":68973,"stem":68974,"__hash__":68975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":67031,"toc":68930},[67032,67037,67042,67045,67054,67111,67117,67122,67126,67140,67146,67148,67171,67188,67190,67251,67253,67285,67298,67300,67303,67403,67405,67483,67489,67493,67501,67505,67511,67566,67568,67592,67596,67599,67652,67654,67678,67682,67685,67738,67740,67764,67768,67774,67845,67847,67888,67894,67901,67904,67909,67917,67922,67930,67932,68029,68031,68100,68107,68112,68114,68118,68123,68125,68196,68198,68227,68233,68235,68262,68265,68288,68292,68295,68317,68320,68343,68345,68405,68407,68439,68445,68450,68503,68505,68530,68533,68582,68584,68605,68609,68614,68617,68672,68674,68701,68708,68710,68715,68786,68789,68803,68808,68813,68815,68829,68841,68846,68848,68853,68858,68862,68865,68871,68877,68884,68892,68894,68927],[10,67033,55158,67035,12166],{"id":67034},"python-list-insert-method",[15,67036,55084],{},[20,67038,67039,67041],{},[15,67040,54727],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,67043,67044],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,67046,224,67047,67049,67050,307],{},[15,67048,55084],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[303,67051,56335,67052,11583],{"href":57584},[15,67053,53469],{},[75,67055,67057],{"className":77,"code":67056,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,67058,67059,67079,67097,67107],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67062,91],{"class":90},[84,67064,95],{"class":94},[84,67066,99],{"class":98},[84,67068,103],{"class":102},[84,67070,106],{"class":98},[84,67072,109],{"class":102},[84,67074,106],{"class":98},[84,67076,119],{"class":102},[84,67078,122],{"class":98},[84,67080,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67082,535],{"class":90},[84,67084,307],{"class":98},[84,67086,54767],{"class":146},[84,67088,137],{"class":98},[84,67090,199],{"class":102},[84,67092,106],{"class":98},[84,67094,114],{"class":102},[84,67096,150],{"class":98},[84,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67100,156],{"class":133},[84,67102,137],{"class":98},[84,67104,535],{"class":146},[84,67106,150],{"class":98},[84,67108,67109],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,67110,53540],{"class":4517},[20,67112,224,67113,67116],{},[15,67114,67115],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[70,67118,235,67120,238],{"id":67119},"what-listinsert-does",[15,67121,54727],{},[20,67123,67124,3743],{},[15,67125,54727],{},[30,67127,67128,67131,67134,67136],{},[33,67129,67130],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,67132,67133],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,67135,55244],{},[33,67137,12268,67138],{},[15,67139,4630],{},[20,67141,67142,67143,67145],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,67144,55084],{}," does not create a new list.",[70,67147,6274],{"id":6273},[75,67149,67151],{"className":77,"code":67150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,67152,67153],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67154,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67156,9178],{"class":90},[84,67158,307],{"class":98},[84,67160,54767],{"class":146},[84,67162,137],{"class":98},[84,67164,36683],{"class":146},[84,67166,106],{"class":98},[84,67168,30348],{"class":146},[84,67170,150],{"class":98},[30,67172,67173,67178,67183],{},[33,67174,67175,67177],{},[15,67176,36683],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,67179,67180,67182],{},[15,67181,1450],{}," is the value to add",[33,67184,67185,67186],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,67187,2983],{},[20,67189,814],{},[75,67191,67193],{"className":77,"code":67192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67194,67195,67219,67241],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67196,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67198,36928],{"class":90},[84,67200,95],{"class":94},[84,67202,99],{"class":98},[84,67204,3711],{"class":185},[84,67206,303],{"class":189},[84,67208,3711],{"class":185},[84,67210,106],{"class":98},[84,67212,4211],{"class":185},[84,67214,10580],{"class":189},[84,67216,3711],{"class":185},[84,67218,122],{"class":98},[84,67220,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67222,36981],{"class":90},[84,67224,307],{"class":98},[84,67226,54767],{"class":146},[84,67228,137],{"class":98},[84,67230,103],{"class":102},[84,67232,106],{"class":98},[84,67234,4211],{"class":185},[84,67236,5608],{"class":189},[84,67238,3711],{"class":185},[84,67240,150],{"class":98},[84,67242,67243,67245,67247,67249],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67244,156],{"class":133},[84,67246,137],{"class":98},[84,67248,36981],{"class":146},[84,67250,150],{"class":98},[20,67252,172],{},[75,67254,67255],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67256,67257],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67258,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67260,182],{"class":98},[84,67262,186],{"class":185},[84,67264,303],{"class":189},[84,67266,186],{"class":185},[84,67268,106],{"class":98},[84,67270,196],{"class":185},[84,67272,5608],{"class":189},[84,67274,186],{"class":185},[84,67276,106],{"class":98},[84,67278,196],{"class":185},[84,67280,10580],{"class":189},[84,67282,186],{"class":185},[84,67284,122],{"class":98},[20,67286,21613,67287,67289,67290,67292,67293,5241,67295,307],{},[15,67288,66411],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,67291,103],{},", so it appears between ",[15,67294,18937],{},[15,67296,67297],{},"\"c\"",[70,67299,6631],{"id":6630},[20,67301,67302],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[75,67304,67306],{"className":77,"code":67305,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,67307,67308,67340,67358,67362,67384],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67309,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67311,13919],{"class":90},[84,67313,95],{"class":94},[84,67315,99],{"class":98},[84,67317,3711],{"class":185},[84,67319,13936],{"class":189},[84,67321,3711],{"class":185},[84,67323,106],{"class":98},[84,67325,4211],{"class":185},[84,67327,13953],{"class":189},[84,67329,3711],{"class":185},[84,67331,106],{"class":98},[84,67333,4211],{"class":185},[84,67335,18296],{"class":189},[84,67337,3711],{"class":185},[84,67339,122],{"class":98},[84,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67343,156],{"class":133},[84,67345,137],{"class":98},[84,67347,3711],{"class":185},[84,67349,12407],{"class":189},[84,67351,3711],{"class":185},[84,67353,106],{"class":98},[84,67355,13967],{"class":146},[84,67357,150],{"class":98},[84,67359,67360],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67361,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,67363,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,67365,18343],{"class":90},[84,67367,307],{"class":98},[84,67369,54767],{"class":146},[84,67371,137],{"class":98},[84,67373,103],{"class":102},[84,67375,106],{"class":98},[84,67377,4211],{"class":185},[84,67379,23367],{"class":189},[84,67381,3711],{"class":185},[84,67383,150],{"class":98},[84,67385,67386,67388,67390,67392,67395,67397,67399,67401],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,67387,156],{"class":133},[84,67389,137],{"class":98},[84,67391,3711],{"class":185},[84,67393,67394],{"class":189},"After: ",[84,67396,3711],{"class":185},[84,67398,106],{"class":98},[84,67400,13967],{"class":146},[84,67402,150],{"class":98},[20,67404,172],{},[75,67406,67408],{"className":77,"code":67407,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67409,67410,67442],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67411,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67413,12467],{"class":90},[84,67415,3743],{"class":98},[84,67417,99],{"class":98},[84,67419,186],{"class":185},[84,67421,13936],{"class":189},[84,67423,186],{"class":185},[84,67425,106],{"class":98},[84,67427,196],{"class":185},[84,67429,13953],{"class":189},[84,67431,186],{"class":185},[84,67433,106],{"class":98},[84,67435,196],{"class":185},[84,67437,18296],{"class":189},[84,67439,186],{"class":185},[84,67441,122],{"class":98},[84,67443,67444,67446,67448,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67445,12520],{"class":90},[84,67447,3743],{"class":98},[84,67449,67450],{"class":98},"  [",[84,67452,186],{"class":185},[84,67454,13936],{"class":189},[84,67456,186],{"class":185},[84,67458,106],{"class":98},[84,67460,196],{"class":185},[84,67462,23367],{"class":189},[84,67464,186],{"class":185},[84,67466,106],{"class":98},[84,67468,196],{"class":185},[84,67470,13953],{"class":189},[84,67472,186],{"class":185},[84,67474,106],{"class":98},[84,67476,196],{"class":185},[84,67478,18296],{"class":189},[84,67480,186],{"class":185},[84,67482,122],{"class":98},[20,67484,67485,67486,67488],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67487,103],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[70,67490,67492],{"id":67491},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67494,2847,67495,36166,67497,67500],{},[15,67496,36683],{},[15,67498,67499],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[995,67502,67504],{"id":67503},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67506,67507,67508,67510],{},"Use index ",[15,67509,2983],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[75,67512,67514],{"className":77,"code":67513,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67515,67516,67537,67556],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67517,67518,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67519,67520],{"class":90},"nums ",[84,67522,95],{"class":94},[84,67524,99],{"class":98},[84,67526,199],{"class":102},[84,67528,106],{"class":98},[84,67530,114],{"class":102},[84,67532,106],{"class":98},[84,67534,119],{"class":102},[84,67536,122],{"class":98},[84,67538,67539,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67540,67541],{"class":90},"nums",[84,67543,307],{"class":98},[84,67545,54767],{"class":146},[84,67547,137],{"class":98},[84,67549,2983],{"class":102},[84,67551,106],{"class":98},[84,67553,6341],{"class":102},[84,67555,150],{"class":98},[84,67557,67558,67560,67562,67564],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67559,156],{"class":133},[84,67561,137],{"class":98},[84,67563,67541],{"class":146},[84,67565,150],{"class":98},[20,67567,172],{},[75,67569,67570],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67571,67572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67575,182],{"class":98},[84,67577,103],{"class":102},[84,67579,106],{"class":98},[84,67581,109],{"class":102},[84,67583,106],{"class":98},[84,67585,114],{"class":102},[84,67587,106],{"class":98},[84,67589,119],{"class":102},[84,67591,122],{"class":98},[995,67593,67595],{"id":67594},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67597,67598],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[75,67600,67602],{"className":77,"code":67601,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67603,67604,67624,67642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67607,67520],{"class":90},[84,67609,95],{"class":94},[84,67611,99],{"class":98},[84,67613,103],{"class":102},[84,67615,106],{"class":98},[84,67617,109],{"class":102},[84,67619,106],{"class":98},[84,67621,119],{"class":102},[84,67623,122],{"class":98},[84,67625,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67627,67541],{"class":90},[84,67629,307],{"class":98},[84,67631,54767],{"class":146},[84,67633,137],{"class":98},[84,67635,199],{"class":102},[84,67637,106],{"class":98},[84,67639,114],{"class":102},[84,67641,150],{"class":98},[84,67643,67644,67646,67648,67650],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67645,156],{"class":133},[84,67647,137],{"class":98},[84,67649,67541],{"class":146},[84,67651,150],{"class":98},[20,67653,172],{},[75,67655,67656],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67657,67658],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67659,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67661,182],{"class":98},[84,67663,103],{"class":102},[84,67665,106],{"class":98},[84,67667,109],{"class":102},[84,67669,106],{"class":98},[84,67671,114],{"class":102},[84,67673,106],{"class":98},[84,67675,119],{"class":102},[84,67677,122],{"class":98},[995,67679,67681],{"id":67680},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67683,67684],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[75,67686,67688],{"className":77,"code":67687,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67689,67690,67710,67728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67691,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67693,67520],{"class":90},[84,67695,95],{"class":94},[84,67697,99],{"class":98},[84,67699,103],{"class":102},[84,67701,106],{"class":98},[84,67703,109],{"class":102},[84,67705,106],{"class":98},[84,67707,114],{"class":102},[84,67709,122],{"class":98},[84,67711,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67713,67541],{"class":90},[84,67715,307],{"class":98},[84,67717,54767],{"class":146},[84,67719,137],{"class":98},[84,67721,437],{"class":102},[84,67723,106],{"class":98},[84,67725,119],{"class":102},[84,67727,150],{"class":98},[84,67729,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67731,156],{"class":133},[84,67733,137],{"class":98},[84,67735,67541],{"class":146},[84,67737,150],{"class":98},[20,67739,172],{},[75,67741,67742],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,67743,67744],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67745,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67747,182],{"class":98},[84,67749,103],{"class":102},[84,67751,106],{"class":98},[84,67753,109],{"class":102},[84,67755,106],{"class":98},[84,67757,114],{"class":102},[84,67759,106],{"class":98},[84,67761,119],{"class":102},[84,67763,122],{"class":98},[995,67765,67767],{"id":67766},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67769,67770,67771,67773],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67772,55084],{}," places the item before that position.",[75,67775,67777],{"className":77,"code":67776,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67778,67779,67811,67835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67780,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67782,36928],{"class":90},[84,67784,95],{"class":94},[84,67786,99],{"class":98},[84,67788,3711],{"class":185},[84,67790,303],{"class":189},[84,67792,3711],{"class":185},[84,67794,106],{"class":98},[84,67796,4211],{"class":185},[84,67798,5608],{"class":189},[84,67800,3711],{"class":185},[84,67802,106],{"class":98},[84,67804,4211],{"class":185},[84,67806,19609],{"class":189},[84,67808,3711],{"class":185},[84,67810,122],{"class":98},[84,67812,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67814,36981],{"class":90},[84,67816,307],{"class":98},[84,67818,54767],{"class":146},[84,67820,137],{"class":98},[84,67822,2888],{"class":94},[84,67824,103],{"class":102},[84,67826,106],{"class":98},[84,67828,4211],{"class":185},[84,67830,10580],{"class":189},[84,67832,3711],{"class":185},[84,67834,150],{"class":98},[84,67836,67837,67839,67841,67843],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67838,156],{"class":133},[84,67840,137],{"class":98},[84,67842,36981],{"class":146},[84,67844,150],{"class":98},[20,67846,172],{},[75,67848,67850],{"className":77,"code":67849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67851,67852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67853,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67855,182],{"class":98},[84,67857,186],{"class":185},[84,67859,303],{"class":189},[84,67861,186],{"class":185},[84,67863,106],{"class":98},[84,67865,196],{"class":185},[84,67867,5608],{"class":189},[84,67869,186],{"class":185},[84,67871,106],{"class":98},[84,67873,196],{"class":185},[84,67875,10580],{"class":189},[84,67877,186],{"class":185},[84,67879,106],{"class":98},[84,67881,196],{"class":185},[84,67883,19609],{"class":189},[84,67885,186],{"class":185},[84,67887,122],{"class":98},[20,67889,67890,67891,3162],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[303,67892,67893],{"href":51795},"Python lists beginner guide",[70,67895,67897,11427,67899],{"id":67896},"insert-vs-append",[15,67898,55084],{},[15,67900,53469],{},[20,67902,67903],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[995,67905,224,67907,11443],{"id":67906},"use-insert-when",[15,67908,55084],{},[30,67910,67911,67914],{},[33,67912,67913],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,67915,67916],{},"The order of the list matters",[995,67918,224,67920,11443],{"id":67919},"use-append-when",[15,67921,53469],{},[30,67923,67924,67927],{},[33,67925,67926],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,67928,67929],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67931,814],{},[75,67933,67935],{"className":77,"code":67934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67936,67937,67961,67965,67987,67997,68001,68019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,67938,67939,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,67940,8620],{"class":90},[84,67942,95],{"class":94},[84,67944,99],{"class":98},[84,67946,3711],{"class":185},[84,67948,4928],{"class":189},[84,67950,3711],{"class":185},[84,67952,106],{"class":98},[84,67954,4211],{"class":185},[84,67956,34061],{"class":189},[84,67958,3711],{"class":185},[84,67960,122],{"class":98},[84,67962,67963],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,67964,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,67966,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,67968,8649],{"class":90},[84,67970,307],{"class":98},[84,67972,54767],{"class":146},[84,67974,137],{"class":98},[84,67976,103],{"class":102},[84,67978,106],{"class":98},[84,67980,4211],{"class":185},[84,67982,4937],{"class":189},[84,67984,3711],{"class":185},[84,67986,150],{"class":98},[84,67988,67989,67991,67993,67995],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,67990,156],{"class":133},[84,67992,137],{"class":98},[84,67994,8649],{"class":146},[84,67996,150],{"class":98},[84,67998,67999],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,68000,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,68002,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,68004,8649],{"class":90},[84,68006,307],{"class":98},[84,68008,14397],{"class":146},[84,68010,137],{"class":98},[84,68012,3711],{"class":185},[84,68014,23376],{"class":189},[84,68016,3711],{"class":185},[84,68018,150],{"class":98},[84,68020,68021,68023,68025,68027],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,68022,156],{"class":133},[84,68024,137],{"class":98},[84,68026,8649],{"class":146},[84,68028,150],{"class":98},[20,68030,172],{},[75,68032,68034],{"className":77,"code":68033,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,68035,68036,68064],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68037,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68039,182],{"class":98},[84,68041,186],{"class":185},[84,68043,4928],{"class":189},[84,68045,186],{"class":185},[84,68047,106],{"class":98},[84,68049,196],{"class":185},[84,68051,4937],{"class":189},[84,68053,186],{"class":185},[84,68055,106],{"class":98},[84,68057,196],{"class":185},[84,68059,34061],{"class":189},[84,68061,186],{"class":185},[84,68063,122],{"class":98},[84,68065,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68067,182],{"class":98},[84,68069,186],{"class":185},[84,68071,4928],{"class":189},[84,68073,186],{"class":185},[84,68075,106],{"class":98},[84,68077,196],{"class":185},[84,68079,4937],{"class":189},[84,68081,186],{"class":185},[84,68083,106],{"class":98},[84,68085,196],{"class":185},[84,68087,34061],{"class":189},[84,68089,186],{"class":185},[84,68091,106],{"class":98},[84,68093,196],{"class":185},[84,68095,23376],{"class":189},[84,68097,186],{"class":185},[84,68099,122],{"class":98},[20,68101,68102,68103,307],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[303,68104,56335,68105,11583],{"href":57584},[15,68106,53469],{},[20,68108,68109,68110,307],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[303,68111,53866],{"href":53865},[70,68113,2058],{"id":2057},[20,68115,15577,68116,307],{},[15,68117,55084],{},[995,68119,13438,68121],{"id":68120},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,68122,55084],{},[20,68124,26530],{},[75,68126,68128],{"className":77,"code":68127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68129,68130,68150,68172,68176,68186],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68131,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68133,91],{"class":90},[84,68135,95],{"class":94},[84,68137,99],{"class":98},[84,68139,103],{"class":102},[84,68141,106],{"class":98},[84,68143,109],{"class":102},[84,68145,106],{"class":98},[84,68147,114],{"class":102},[84,68149,122],{"class":98},[84,68151,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68153,128],{"class":90},[84,68155,95],{"class":94},[84,68157,147],{"class":90},[84,68159,307],{"class":98},[84,68161,54767],{"class":146},[84,68163,137],{"class":98},[84,68165,103],{"class":102},[84,68167,106],{"class":98},[84,68169,11038],{"class":102},[84,68171,150],{"class":98},[84,68173,68174],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68175,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,68177,68178,68180,68182,68184],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,68179,156],{"class":133},[84,68181,137],{"class":98},[84,68183,166],{"class":146},[84,68185,150],{"class":98},[84,68187,68188,68190,68192,68194],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,68189,156],{"class":133},[84,68191,137],{"class":98},[84,68193,535],{"class":146},[84,68195,150],{"class":98},[20,68197,172],{},[75,68199,68201],{"className":77,"code":68200,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68202,68203,68207],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68204,68205],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68206,12651],{"class":4704},[84,68208,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68210,182],{"class":98},[84,68212,103],{"class":102},[84,68214,106],{"class":98},[84,68216,11038],{"class":102},[84,68218,106],{"class":98},[84,68220,109],{"class":102},[84,68222,106],{"class":98},[84,68224,114],{"class":102},[84,68226,122],{"class":98},[20,68228,68229,54969,68231,307],{},[15,68230,55084],{},[15,68232,4630],{},[20,68234,2155],{},[75,68236,68238],{"className":77,"code":68237,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68239,68240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68241,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68243,56705],{"class":90},[84,68245,95],{"class":94},[84,68247,147],{"class":90},[84,68249,307],{"class":98},[84,68251,54767],{"class":146},[84,68253,137],{"class":98},[84,68255,103],{"class":102},[84,68257,106],{"class":98},[84,68259,11038],{"class":102},[84,68261,150],{"class":98},[20,68263,68264],{},"Right:",[75,68266,68268],{"className":77,"code":68267,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68269,68270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68273,535],{"class":90},[84,68275,307],{"class":98},[84,68277,54767],{"class":146},[84,68279,137],{"class":98},[84,68281,103],{"class":102},[84,68283,106],{"class":98},[84,68285,11038],{"class":102},[84,68287,150],{"class":98},[995,68289,68291],{"id":68290},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,68293,68294],{},"The correct order is:",[75,68296,68297],{"className":77,"code":67150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68298,68299],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68300,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313,68315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68302,9178],{"class":90},[84,68304,307],{"class":98},[84,68306,54767],{"class":146},[84,68308,137],{"class":98},[84,68310,36683],{"class":146},[84,68312,106],{"class":98},[84,68314,30348],{"class":146},[84,68316,150],{"class":98},[20,68318,68319],{},"Not:",[75,68321,68323],{"className":77,"code":68322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68324,68325],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68326,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68328,9178],{"class":90},[84,68330,307],{"class":98},[84,68332,54767],{"class":146},[84,68334,137],{"class":98},[84,68336,1450],{"class":146},[84,68338,106],{"class":98},[84,68340,36658],{"class":146},[84,68342,150],{"class":98},[20,68344,814],{},[75,68346,68347],{"className":77,"code":67192,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68348,68349,68373,68395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68350,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68352,36928],{"class":90},[84,68354,95],{"class":94},[84,68356,99],{"class":98},[84,68358,3711],{"class":185},[84,68360,303],{"class":189},[84,68362,3711],{"class":185},[84,68364,106],{"class":98},[84,68366,4211],{"class":185},[84,68368,10580],{"class":189},[84,68370,3711],{"class":185},[84,68372,122],{"class":98},[84,68374,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68376,36981],{"class":90},[84,68378,307],{"class":98},[84,68380,54767],{"class":146},[84,68382,137],{"class":98},[84,68384,103],{"class":102},[84,68386,106],{"class":98},[84,68388,4211],{"class":185},[84,68390,5608],{"class":189},[84,68392,3711],{"class":185},[84,68394,150],{"class":98},[84,68396,68397,68399,68401,68403],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68398,156],{"class":133},[84,68400,137],{"class":98},[84,68402,36981],{"class":146},[84,68404,150],{"class":98},[20,68406,172],{},[75,68408,68409],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,68410,68411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68412,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68414,182],{"class":98},[84,68416,186],{"class":185},[84,68418,303],{"class":189},[84,68420,186],{"class":185},[84,68422,106],{"class":98},[84,68424,196],{"class":185},[84,68426,5608],{"class":189},[84,68428,186],{"class":185},[84,68430,106],{"class":98},[84,68432,196],{"class":185},[84,68434,10580],{"class":189},[84,68436,186],{"class":185},[84,68438,122],{"class":98},[995,68440,9291,68442,68444],{"id":68441},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68443,55084],{}," to replace an item",[20,68446,68447,68449],{},[15,68448,55084],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[75,68451,68453],{"className":77,"code":68452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68454,68455,68475,68493],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68456,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68458,91],{"class":90},[84,68460,95],{"class":94},[84,68462,99],{"class":98},[84,68464,103],{"class":102},[84,68466,106],{"class":98},[84,68468,109],{"class":102},[84,68470,106],{"class":98},[84,68472,114],{"class":102},[84,68474,122],{"class":98},[84,68476,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68478,535],{"class":90},[84,68480,307],{"class":98},[84,68482,54767],{"class":146},[84,68484,137],{"class":98},[84,68486,103],{"class":102},[84,68488,106],{"class":98},[84,68490,11038],{"class":102},[84,68492,150],{"class":98},[84,68494,68495,68497,68499,68501],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68496,156],{"class":133},[84,68498,137],{"class":98},[84,68500,535],{"class":146},[84,68502,150],{"class":98},[20,68504,172],{},[75,68506,68508],{"className":77,"code":68507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68509,68510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68511,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68513,182],{"class":98},[84,68515,103],{"class":102},[84,68517,106],{"class":98},[84,68519,11038],{"class":102},[84,68521,106],{"class":98},[84,68523,109],{"class":102},[84,68525,106],{"class":98},[84,68527,114],{"class":102},[84,68529,122],{"class":98},[20,68531,68532],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[75,68534,68536],{"className":77,"code":68535,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68537,68538,68558,68572],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68539,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68541,91],{"class":90},[84,68543,95],{"class":94},[84,68545,99],{"class":98},[84,68547,103],{"class":102},[84,68549,106],{"class":98},[84,68551,109],{"class":102},[84,68553,106],{"class":98},[84,68555,114],{"class":102},[84,68557,122],{"class":98},[84,68559,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68561,535],{"class":90},[84,68563,182],{"class":98},[84,68565,103],{"class":102},[84,68567,14117],{"class":98},[84,68569,14120],{"class":94},[84,68571,14974],{"class":102},[84,68573,68574,68576,68578,68580],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68575,156],{"class":133},[84,68577,137],{"class":98},[84,68579,535],{"class":146},[84,68581,150],{"class":98},[20,68583,172],{},[75,68585,68587],{"className":77,"code":68586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68588,68589],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68590,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68592,182],{"class":98},[84,68594,103],{"class":102},[84,68596,106],{"class":98},[84,68598,11038],{"class":102},[84,68600,106],{"class":98},[84,68602,114],{"class":102},[84,68604,122],{"class":98},[995,68606,68608],{"id":68607},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68610,68611,68613],{},[15,68612,55084],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68615,68616],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[75,68618,68620],{"className":77,"code":68619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68621,68622,68638,68662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68625,91],{"class":90},[84,68627,95],{"class":94},[84,68629,99],{"class":98},[84,68631,103],{"class":102},[84,68633,106],{"class":98},[84,68635,119],{"class":102},[84,68637,122],{"class":98},[84,68639,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68641,535],{"class":90},[84,68643,307],{"class":98},[84,68645,54767],{"class":146},[84,68647,137],{"class":98},[84,68649,103],{"class":102},[84,68651,106],{"class":98},[84,68653,99],{"class":98},[84,68655,199],{"class":102},[84,68657,106],{"class":98},[84,68659,114],{"class":102},[84,68661,4737],{"class":98},[84,68663,68664,68666,68668,68670],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68665,156],{"class":133},[84,68667,137],{"class":98},[84,68669,535],{"class":146},[84,68671,150],{"class":98},[20,68673,172],{},[75,68675,68677],{"className":77,"code":68676,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68678,68679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68680,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68682,182],{"class":98},[84,68684,103],{"class":102},[84,68686,106],{"class":98},[84,68688,99],{"class":98},[84,68690,199],{"class":102},[84,68692,106],{"class":98},[84,68694,114],{"class":102},[84,68696,18903],{"class":98},[84,68698,119],{"class":102},[84,68700,122],{"class":98},[20,68702,68703,68704,307],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[303,68705,56335,68706,11583],{"href":54161},[15,68707,54263],{},[995,68709,2580],{"id":2579},[20,68711,2583,68712,68714],{},[15,68713,55084],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[75,68716,68718],{"className":77,"code":68717,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68719,68720,68730,68744,68762,68776],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,68721,68722,68724,68726,68728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,68723,156],{"class":133},[84,68725,137],{"class":98},[84,68727,9178],{"class":146},[84,68729,150],{"class":98},[84,68731,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,68733,156],{"class":133},[84,68735,137],{"class":98},[84,68737,12005],{"class":133},[84,68739,137],{"class":98},[84,68741,9178],{"class":146},[84,68743,169],{"class":98},[84,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,68747,156],{"class":133},[84,68749,137],{"class":98},[84,68751,9178],{"class":146},[84,68753,307],{"class":98},[84,68755,54767],{"class":25590},[84,68757,307],{"class":98},[84,68759,35285],{"class":1266},[84,68761,150],{"class":98},[84,68763,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,68765,32994],{"class":133},[84,68767,137],{"class":98},[84,68769,161],{"class":140},[84,68771,307],{"class":98},[84,68773,54767],{"class":25590},[84,68775,150],{"class":98},[84,68777,68778,68780,68782,68784],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,68779,2624],{"class":140},[84,68781,137],{"class":98},[84,68783,9178],{"class":146},[84,68785,150],{"class":98},[20,68787,68788],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,68790,68791,68794,68797,68800],{},[33,68792,68793],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,68795,68796],{},"How long the list is",[33,68798,68799],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,68801,68802],{},"How Python describes the method",[70,68804,1741,68806],{"id":68805},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68807,55084],{},[20,68809,224,68810,68812],{},[15,68811,55084],{}," when position matters.",[20,68814,37263],{},[30,68816,68817,68820,68823,68826],{},[33,68818,68819],{},"Ordered menus",[33,68821,68822],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,68824,68825],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,68827,68828],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68830,68831,68832,68834,68835,68837,68838,68840],{},"You usually do ",[53,68833,55],{}," need ",[15,68836,55084],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68839,53469],{}," is simpler.",[20,68842,68843,68844,307],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[303,68845,57970],{"href":57969},[70,68847,2694],{"id":2693},[995,68849,2698,68851,56284],{"id":68850},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68852,54727],{},[20,68854,68855,68856,307],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68857,4630],{},[995,68859,68861],{"id":68860},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68863,68864],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[995,68866,2734,68868,68870],{"id":68867},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68869,54727],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68872,68873,68874,68876],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68875,54263],{}," or slicing.",[995,68878,6024,68880,5241,68882,3348],{"id":68879},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68881,55084],{},[15,68883,53469],{},[20,68885,68886,68888,68889,68891],{},[15,68887,55084],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68890,53469],{}," adds only at the end.",[70,68893,2751],{"id":2750},[30,68895,68896,68902,68908,68912,68916,68920],{},[33,68897,68898],{},[303,68899,56335,68900,11583],{"href":57584},[15,68901,53469],{},[33,68903,68904],{},[303,68905,56335,68906,11583],{"href":54161},[15,68907,54263],{},[33,68909,68910],{},[303,68911,55094],{"href":53865},[33,68913,68914],{},[303,68915,53588],{"href":51795},[33,68917,68918],{},[303,68919,58044],{"href":57969},[33,68921,68922],{},[303,68923,31189,68924,34474],{"href":55112},[15,68925,68926],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2785,68928,68929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":68931},[68932,68934,68935,68936,68942,68949,68958,68960,68969],{"id":67119,"depth":125,"text":68933},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274},{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":67491,"depth":125,"text":67492,"children":68937},[68938,68939,68940,68941],{"id":67503,"depth":153,"text":67504},{"id":67594,"depth":153,"text":67595},{"id":67680,"depth":153,"text":67681},{"id":67766,"depth":153,"text":67767},{"id":67896,"depth":125,"text":68943,"children":68944},"insert() vs append()",[68945,68947],{"id":67906,"depth":153,"text":68946},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67919,"depth":153,"text":68948},"Use append() when:",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":68950},[68951,68953,68954,68956,68957],{"id":68120,"depth":153,"text":68952},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68290,"depth":153,"text":68291},{"id":68441,"depth":153,"text":68955},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68607,"depth":153,"text":68608},{"id":2579,"depth":153,"text":2580},{"id":68805,"depth":125,"text":68959},"When to use insert()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":68961},[68962,68964,68965,68967],{"id":68850,"depth":153,"text":68963},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68860,"depth":153,"text":68861},{"id":68867,"depth":153,"text":68966},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68879,"depth":153,"text":68968},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":67029,"description":68970},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68977,"title":68978,"body":68979,"description":70534,"extension":2830,"meta":70535,"navigation":472,"path":59789,"seo":70536,"stem":70537,"__hash__":70538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68980,"toc":70507},[68981,68987,68996,69045,69047,69055,69061,69063,69081,69087,69092,69095,69098,69113,69115,69167,69169,69177,69185,69192,69194,69200,69265,69267,69275,69277,69296,69299,69350,69354,69359,69386,69388,69396,69399,69468,69470,69485,69491,69495,69504,69507,69562,69564,69572,69575,69577,69622,69624,69632,69638,69640,69648,69651,69653,69692,69694,69733,69738,69740,69742,69777,69780,69782,69820,69824,69830,69832,69883,69885,69893,69900,69903,69924,69927,69982,69993,69995,70056,70058,70067,70074,70080,70083,70086,70143,70146,70159,70166,70172,70178,70180,70193,70196,70293,70295,70312,70315,70397,70399,70421,70428,70434,70436,70440,70446,70452,70457,70461,70464,70470,70477,70479,70504],[10,68982,68984,68985,1970],{"id":68983},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68986,12005],{},[20,68988,68989,68990,68992,68993,68995],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68991,43178],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68994,43178],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[75,68997,68999],{"className":77,"code":68998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,69000,69001,69021,69035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69002,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69004,91],{"class":90},[84,69006,95],{"class":94},[84,69008,99],{"class":98},[84,69010,437],{"class":102},[84,69012,106],{"class":98},[84,69014,442],{"class":102},[84,69016,106],{"class":98},[84,69018,447],{"class":102},[84,69020,122],{"class":98},[84,69022,69023,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69024,42059],{"class":90},[84,69026,95],{"class":94},[84,69028,39210],{"class":133},[84,69030,137],{"class":98},[84,69032,535],{"class":146},[84,69034,150],{"class":98},[84,69036,69037,69039,69041,69043],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,69038,156],{"class":133},[84,69040,137],{"class":98},[84,69042,42077],{"class":146},[84,69044,150],{"class":98},[20,69046,172],{},[75,69048,69049],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69050,69051],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69052,69053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69054,1474],{"class":102},[20,69056,224,69057,69060],{},[15,69058,69059],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[70,69062,16006],{"id":16005},[30,69064,69065,69070,69075,69078],{},[33,69066,5048,69067,69069],{},[15,69068,43178],{}," works with Python lists",[33,69071,69072,69073,12548],{},"What value ",[15,69074,43178],{},[33,69076,69077],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,69079,69080],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[70,69082,235,69084,69086],{"id":69083},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,69085,43178],{}," returns for a list",[20,69088,69089,65902],{},[15,69090,69091],{},"len(my_list)",[20,69093,69094],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,69096,69097],{},"A few important points:",[30,69099,69100,69103,69108],{},[33,69101,69102],{},"It counts list items",[33,69104,41723,69105,69107],{},[53,69106,55],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,69109,69110,69111],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,69112,2983],{},[20,69114,814],{},[75,69116,69118],{"className":77,"code":69117,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,69119,69120,69153],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69121,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69123,4919],{"class":90},[84,69125,95],{"class":94},[84,69127,99],{"class":98},[84,69129,3711],{"class":185},[84,69131,37884],{"class":189},[84,69133,3711],{"class":185},[84,69135,106],{"class":98},[84,69137,4211],{"class":185},[84,69139,69140],{"class":189},"elephant",[84,69142,3711],{"class":185},[84,69144,106],{"class":98},[84,69146,4211],{"class":185},[84,69148,58943],{"class":189},[84,69150,3711],{"class":185},[84,69152,122],{"class":98},[84,69154,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69156,156],{"class":133},[84,69158,137],{"class":98},[84,69160,12005],{"class":133},[84,69162,137],{"class":98},[84,69164,4963],{"class":146},[84,69166,169],{"class":98},[20,69168,172],{},[75,69170,69171],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69172,69173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69174,69175],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69176,1474],{"class":102},[20,69178,21820,69179,69182,69183,65909],{},[15,69180,69181],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[53,69184,53473],{},[20,69186,69187,69188,307],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[303,69189,13,69190,591],{"href":43175},[15,69191,43178],{},[70,69193,6631],{"id":6630},[20,69195,69196,69197,69199],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,69198,43178],{},", and print the result.",[75,69201,69203],{"className":77,"code":69202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,69204,69205,69237,69251,69255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69206,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69208,13919],{"class":90},[84,69210,95],{"class":94},[84,69212,99],{"class":98},[84,69214,3711],{"class":185},[84,69216,13936],{"class":189},[84,69218,3711],{"class":185},[84,69220,106],{"class":98},[84,69222,4211],{"class":185},[84,69224,18296],{"class":189},[84,69226,3711],{"class":185},[84,69228,106],{"class":98},[84,69230,4211],{"class":185},[84,69232,13953],{"class":189},[84,69234,3711],{"class":185},[84,69236,122],{"class":98},[84,69238,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69240,42059],{"class":90},[84,69242,95],{"class":94},[84,69244,39210],{"class":133},[84,69246,137],{"class":98},[84,69248,18343],{"class":146},[84,69250,150],{"class":98},[84,69252,69253],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,69254,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,69256,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,69258,156],{"class":133},[84,69260,137],{"class":98},[84,69262,42077],{"class":146},[84,69264,150],{"class":98},[20,69266,172],{},[75,69268,69269],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69270,69271],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69272,69273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69274,1474],{"class":102},[20,69276,528],{},[30,69278,69279,69284,69291],{},[33,69280,69281,69283],{},[15,69282,18343],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,69285,69286,3254,69289],{},[15,69287,69288],{},"len(colors)",[15,69290,208],{},[33,69292,69293,69294],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,69295,42077],{},[20,69297,69298],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[75,69300,69302],{"className":77,"code":69301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,69303,69304,69336],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69305,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69307,13919],{"class":90},[84,69309,95],{"class":94},[84,69311,99],{"class":98},[84,69313,3711],{"class":185},[84,69315,13936],{"class":189},[84,69317,3711],{"class":185},[84,69319,106],{"class":98},[84,69321,4211],{"class":185},[84,69323,18296],{"class":189},[84,69325,3711],{"class":185},[84,69327,106],{"class":98},[84,69329,4211],{"class":185},[84,69331,13953],{"class":189},[84,69333,3711],{"class":185},[84,69335,122],{"class":98},[84,69337,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69339,156],{"class":133},[84,69341,137],{"class":98},[84,69343,12005],{"class":133},[84,69345,137],{"class":98},[84,69347,18343],{"class":146},[84,69349,169],{"class":98},[70,69351,69353],{"id":69352},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69355,69356,69357,307],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69358,2983],{},[75,69360,69362],{"className":77,"code":69361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69363,69364,69372],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69365,69366,69368,69370],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69367,8620],{"class":90},[84,69369,95],{"class":94},[84,69371,8678],{"class":98},[84,69373,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69375,156],{"class":133},[84,69377,137],{"class":98},[84,69379,12005],{"class":133},[84,69381,137],{"class":98},[84,69383,8649],{"class":146},[84,69385,169],{"class":98},[20,69387,172],{},[75,69389,69390],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69391,69392],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69393,69394],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69395,48067],{"class":102},[20,69397,69398],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[75,69400,69402],{"className":77,"code":69401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69403,69404,69412,69416,69434,69448,69454],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69405,69406,69408,69410],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69407,8620],{"class":90},[84,69409,95],{"class":94},[84,69411,8678],{"class":98},[84,69413,69414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69415,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,69417,69418,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430,69432],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,69419,7836],{"class":633},[84,69421,39210],{"class":133},[84,69423,137],{"class":98},[84,69425,8649],{"class":146},[84,69427,1970],{"class":98},[84,69429,39220],{"class":94},[84,69431,4685],{"class":102},[84,69433,1440],{"class":98},[84,69435,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,69437,1445],{"class":133},[84,69439,137],{"class":98},[84,69441,8649],{"class":146},[84,69443,182],{"class":98},[84,69445,2983],{"class":102},[84,69447,4737],{"class":98},[84,69449,69450,69452],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,69451,28274],{"class":633},[84,69453,1440],{"class":98},[84,69455,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,69457,1445],{"class":133},[84,69459,137],{"class":98},[84,69461,3711],{"class":185},[84,69463,52632],{"class":189},[84,69465,3711],{"class":185},[84,69467,150],{"class":98},[20,69469,172],{},[75,69471,69473],{"className":77,"code":69472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The list is empty\n",[15,69474,69475],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69476,69477,69479,69481,69483],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69478,2847],{"class":90},[84,69480,161],{"class":140},[84,69482,8935],{"class":94},[84,69484,8941],{"class":90},[20,69486,69487,69488,69490],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[303,69489,53588],{"href":51795}," is a good next step.",[70,69492,69494],{"id":69493},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69496,69497,69499,69500,69503],{},[15,69498,43178],{}," counts only the ",[53,69501,69502],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69505,69506],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[75,69508,69510],{"className":77,"code":69509,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69511,69512,69548],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69513,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69515,10005],{"class":90},[84,69517,95],{"class":94},[84,69519,57109],{"class":98},[84,69521,103],{"class":102},[84,69523,106],{"class":98},[84,69525,109],{"class":102},[84,69527,18903],{"class":98},[84,69529,99],{"class":98},[84,69531,208],{"class":102},[84,69533,106],{"class":98},[84,69535,119],{"class":102},[84,69537,18903],{"class":98},[84,69539,99],{"class":98},[84,69541,3000],{"class":102},[84,69543,106],{"class":98},[84,69545,733],{"class":102},[84,69547,54059],{"class":98},[84,69549,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69551,156],{"class":133},[84,69553,137],{"class":98},[84,69555,12005],{"class":133},[84,69557,137],{"class":98},[84,69559,10044],{"class":146},[84,69561,169],{"class":98},[20,69563,172],{},[75,69565,69566],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69567,69568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69569,69570],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69571,1474],{"class":102},[20,69573,69574],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69576,52896],{},[75,69578,69580],{"className":77,"code":69579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69581,69582,69608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69583,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69585,60289],{"class":90},[84,69587,95],{"class":94},[84,69589,99],{"class":98},[84,69591,103],{"class":102},[84,69593,106],{"class":98},[84,69595,99],{"class":98},[84,69597,199],{"class":102},[84,69599,106],{"class":98},[84,69601,114],{"class":102},[84,69603,18903],{"class":98},[84,69605,119],{"class":102},[84,69607,122],{"class":98},[84,69609,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69611,156],{"class":133},[84,69613,137],{"class":98},[84,69615,12005],{"class":133},[84,69617,137],{"class":98},[84,69619,60342],{"class":146},[84,69621,169],{"class":98},[20,69623,172],{},[75,69625,69626],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69627,69628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69629,69630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69631,1474],{"class":102},[20,69633,21820,69634,69637],{},[15,69635,69636],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[70,69639,2058],{"id":2057},[995,69641,595,69643,11935,69646],{"id":69642},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69644,69645],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69647,69091],{},[20,69649,69650],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69652,2155],{},[75,69654,69656],{"className":77,"code":69655,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69657,69658,69678],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69659,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69661,91],{"class":90},[84,69663,95],{"class":94},[84,69665,99],{"class":98},[84,69667,437],{"class":102},[84,69669,106],{"class":98},[84,69671,442],{"class":102},[84,69673,106],{"class":98},[84,69675,447],{"class":102},[84,69677,122],{"class":98},[84,69679,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69681,156],{"class":133},[84,69683,137],{"class":98},[84,69685,535],{"class":146},[84,69687,307],{"class":98},[84,69689,12005],{"class":146},[84,69691,8033],{"class":98},[20,69693,2211],{},[75,69695,69697],{"className":77,"code":69696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69698,69699,69719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69700,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69702,91],{"class":90},[84,69704,95],{"class":94},[84,69706,99],{"class":98},[84,69708,437],{"class":102},[84,69710,106],{"class":98},[84,69712,442],{"class":102},[84,69714,106],{"class":98},[84,69716,447],{"class":102},[84,69718,122],{"class":98},[84,69720,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69722,156],{"class":133},[84,69724,137],{"class":98},[84,69726,12005],{"class":133},[84,69728,137],{"class":98},[84,69730,535],{"class":146},[84,69732,169],{"class":98},[20,69734,69735,69737],{},[15,69736,43178],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[995,69739,26527],{"id":26526},[20,69741,2155],{},[75,69743,69745],{"className":77,"code":69744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69746,69747,69767],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69748,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69750,91],{"class":90},[84,69752,95],{"class":94},[84,69754,99],{"class":98},[84,69756,437],{"class":102},[84,69758,106],{"class":98},[84,69760,442],{"class":102},[84,69762,106],{"class":98},[84,69764,447],{"class":102},[84,69766,122],{"class":98},[84,69768,69769,69771,69773,69775],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69770,156],{"class":133},[84,69772,137],{"class":98},[84,69774,12005],{"class":133},[84,69776,150],{"class":98},[20,69778,69779],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69781,2211],{},[75,69783,69784],{"className":77,"code":69696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69785,69786,69806],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69787,69788,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802,69804],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69789,91],{"class":90},[84,69791,95],{"class":94},[84,69793,99],{"class":98},[84,69795,437],{"class":102},[84,69797,106],{"class":98},[84,69799,442],{"class":102},[84,69801,106],{"class":98},[84,69803,447],{"class":102},[84,69805,122],{"class":98},[84,69807,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69809,156],{"class":133},[84,69811,137],{"class":98},[84,69813,12005],{"class":133},[84,69815,137],{"class":98},[84,69817,535],{"class":146},[84,69819,169],{"class":98},[995,69821,69823],{"id":69822},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69825,69826,69827,69829],{},"The length of a list is ",[53,69828,55],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69831,814],{},[75,69833,69835],{"className":77,"code":69834,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69836,69837,69869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69838,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865,69867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69840,36928],{"class":90},[84,69842,95],{"class":94},[84,69844,99],{"class":98},[84,69846,3711],{"class":185},[84,69848,303],{"class":189},[84,69850,3711],{"class":185},[84,69852,106],{"class":98},[84,69854,4211],{"class":185},[84,69856,5608],{"class":189},[84,69858,3711],{"class":185},[84,69860,106],{"class":98},[84,69862,4211],{"class":185},[84,69864,10580],{"class":189},[84,69866,3711],{"class":185},[84,69868,122],{"class":98},[84,69870,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69872,156],{"class":133},[84,69874,137],{"class":98},[84,69876,12005],{"class":133},[84,69878,137],{"class":98},[84,69880,36981],{"class":146},[84,69882,169],{"class":98},[20,69884,172],{},[75,69886,69887],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,69888,69889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69890,69891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69892,1474],{"class":102},[20,69894,69895,69896,19805,69898,307],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69897,199],{},[15,69899,208],{},[20,69901,69902],{},"Indexes are:",[30,69904,69905,69912,69918],{},[33,69906,69907,69909,69910],{},[15,69908,2983],{}," for ",[15,69911,18937],{},[33,69913,69914,69909,69916],{},[15,69915,103],{},[15,69917,66411],{},[33,69919,69920,69909,69922],{},[15,69921,199],{},[15,69923,67297],{},[20,69925,69926],{},"So this causes an error:",[75,69928,69930],{"className":77,"code":69929,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69931,69932,69964],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,69933,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,69935,36928],{"class":90},[84,69937,95],{"class":94},[84,69939,99],{"class":98},[84,69941,3711],{"class":185},[84,69943,303],{"class":189},[84,69945,3711],{"class":185},[84,69947,106],{"class":98},[84,69949,4211],{"class":185},[84,69951,5608],{"class":189},[84,69953,3711],{"class":185},[84,69955,106],{"class":98},[84,69957,4211],{"class":185},[84,69959,10580],{"class":189},[84,69961,3711],{"class":185},[84,69963,122],{"class":98},[84,69965,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,69967,156],{"class":133},[84,69969,137],{"class":98},[84,69971,36981],{"class":146},[84,69973,182],{"class":98},[84,69975,12005],{"class":133},[84,69977,137],{"class":98},[84,69979,36981],{"class":146},[84,69981,11521],{"class":98},[20,69983,9334,69984,5631,69987,69989,69990,69992],{},[15,69985,69986],{},"len(letters)",[15,69988,208],{},", and index ",[15,69991,208],{}," does not exist.",[20,69994,19682],{},[75,69996,69998],{"className":77,"code":69997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69999,70000,70032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70001,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70003,36928],{"class":90},[84,70005,95],{"class":94},[84,70007,99],{"class":98},[84,70009,3711],{"class":185},[84,70011,303],{"class":189},[84,70013,3711],{"class":185},[84,70015,106],{"class":98},[84,70017,4211],{"class":185},[84,70019,5608],{"class":189},[84,70021,3711],{"class":185},[84,70023,106],{"class":98},[84,70025,4211],{"class":185},[84,70027,10580],{"class":189},[84,70029,3711],{"class":185},[84,70031,122],{"class":98},[84,70033,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70035,156],{"class":133},[84,70037,137],{"class":98},[84,70039,36981],{"class":146},[84,70041,182],{"class":98},[84,70043,12005],{"class":133},[84,70045,137],{"class":98},[84,70047,36981],{"class":146},[84,70049,1970],{"class":98},[84,70051,3081],{"class":94},[84,70053,6341],{"class":102},[84,70055,4737],{"class":98},[20,70057,172],{},[75,70059,70061],{"className":77,"code":70060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"c\n",[15,70062,70063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70064,70065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70066,70060],{"class":90},[20,70068,70069,70070,307],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[303,70071,70073],{"href":70072},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[995,70075,595,70077,70079],{"id":70076},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,70078,43178],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,70081,70082],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,70084,70085],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[75,70087,70089],{"className":77,"code":70088,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,70090,70091,70101,70115,70129],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70092,70093,70095,70097,70099],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70094,156],{"class":133},[84,70096,137],{"class":98},[84,70098,9178],{"class":146},[84,70100,150],{"class":98},[84,70102,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70104,156],{"class":133},[84,70106,137],{"class":98},[84,70108,12005],{"class":133},[84,70110,137],{"class":98},[84,70112,9178],{"class":146},[84,70114,169],{"class":98},[84,70116,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70118,156],{"class":133},[84,70120,137],{"class":98},[84,70122,2624],{"class":140},[84,70124,137],{"class":98},[84,70126,9178],{"class":146},[84,70128,169],{"class":98},[84,70130,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70132,156],{"class":133},[84,70134,137],{"class":98},[84,70136,9178],{"class":146},[84,70138,182],{"class":98},[84,70140,2983],{"class":102},[84,70142,4737],{"class":98},[20,70144,70145],{},"These help you verify:",[30,70147,70148,70151,70153,70156],{},[33,70149,70150],{},"what the variable contains",[33,70152,61601],{},[33,70154,70155],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,70157,70158],{},"what the first item is",[20,70160,70161,70162,70165],{},"Be careful with ",[15,70163,70164],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[70,70167,1741,70169,70171],{"id":70168},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,70170,43178],{}," with lists",[20,70173,70174,70175,70177],{},"You will often use ",[15,70176,43178],{}," in real programs.",[20,70179,10214],{},[30,70181,70182,70184,70187,70190],{},[33,70183,52586],{},[33,70185,70186],{},"Control loops",[33,70188,70189],{},"Validate input or results",[33,70191,70192],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,70194,70195],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[75,70197,70199],{"className":77,"code":70198,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,70200,70201,70221,70237,70241,70255,70269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70202,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70204,3410],{"class":90},[84,70206,95],{"class":94},[84,70208,99],{"class":98},[84,70210,103],{"class":102},[84,70212,106],{"class":98},[84,70214,109],{"class":102},[84,70216,106],{"class":98},[84,70218,114],{"class":102},[84,70220,122],{"class":98},[84,70222,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70224,3437],{"class":90},[84,70226,95],{"class":94},[84,70228,99],{"class":98},[84,70230,437],{"class":102},[84,70232,106],{"class":98},[84,70234,442],{"class":102},[84,70236,122],{"class":98},[84,70238,70239],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70240,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70242,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70244,156],{"class":133},[84,70246,137],{"class":98},[84,70248,12005],{"class":133},[84,70250,137],{"class":98},[84,70252,303],{"class":146},[84,70254,169],{"class":98},[84,70256,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,70258,156],{"class":133},[84,70260,137],{"class":98},[84,70262,12005],{"class":133},[84,70264,137],{"class":98},[84,70266,5608],{"class":146},[84,70268,169],{"class":98},[84,70270,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,70272,156],{"class":133},[84,70274,137],{"class":98},[84,70276,12005],{"class":133},[84,70278,137],{"class":98},[84,70280,303],{"class":146},[84,70282,1970],{"class":98},[84,70284,39220],{"class":94},[84,70286,39210],{"class":133},[84,70288,137],{"class":98},[84,70290,5608],{"class":146},[84,70292,169],{"class":98},[20,70294,172],{},[75,70296,70298],{"className":77,"code":70297,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,70299,70300,70304,70308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70301,70302],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70303,1474],{"class":102},[84,70305,70306],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70307,1469],{"class":102},[84,70309,70310],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70311,4828],{"class":4704},[20,70313,70314],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[75,70316,70318],{"className":77,"code":70317,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70319,70320,70352,70356,70378],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70321,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70323,5842],{"class":90},[84,70325,95],{"class":94},[84,70327,99],{"class":98},[84,70329,3711],{"class":185},[84,70331,13723],{"class":189},[84,70333,3711],{"class":185},[84,70335,106],{"class":98},[84,70337,4211],{"class":185},[84,70339,36778],{"class":189},[84,70341,3711],{"class":185},[84,70343,106],{"class":98},[84,70345,4211],{"class":185},[84,70347,36787],{"class":189},[84,70349,3711],{"class":185},[84,70351,122],{"class":98},[84,70353,70354],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70355,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70357,70358,70360,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70359,1428],{"class":633},[84,70361,70362],{"class":90}," i ",[84,70364,1434],{"class":633},[84,70366,54886],{"class":133},[84,70368,137],{"class":98},[84,70370,12005],{"class":133},[84,70372,137],{"class":98},[84,70374,5886],{"class":146},[84,70376,70377],{"class":98},")):\n",[84,70379,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70391,70393,70395],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70381,1445],{"class":133},[84,70383,137],{"class":98},[84,70385,36992],{"class":146},[84,70387,106],{"class":98},[84,70389,70390],{"class":146}," names",[84,70392,182],{"class":98},[84,70394,36992],{"class":146},[84,70396,4737],{"class":98},[20,70398,172],{},[75,70400,70401],{"className":77,"code":36836,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,70402,70403,70409,70415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70404,70405,70407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70406,2983],{"class":102},[84,70408,36845],{"class":90},[84,70410,70411,70413],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70412,103],{"class":102},[84,70414,36852],{"class":90},[84,70416,70417,70419],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70418,199],{"class":102},[84,70420,36859],{"class":90},[20,70422,70423,70424,307],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[303,70425,70427],{"href":70426},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70429,70430,70431,70433],{},"You can also read ",[303,70432,52363],{"href":52362}," for a task-focused guide.",[70,70435,2694],{"id":2693},[995,70437,70439],{"id":70438},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70441,224,70442,70445],{},[15,70443,70444],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[995,70447,5987,70449,13558],{"id":70448},"what-does-len-return",[15,70450,70451],{},"len([])",[20,70453,5993,70454,70456],{},[15,70455,2983],{}," because the list is empty.",[995,70458,70460],{"id":70459},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70462,70463],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[995,70465,29169,70467,70469],{"id":70466},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70468,69645],{}," in Python?",[20,70471,31112,70472,9061,70474,70476],{},[15,70473,69091],{},[15,70475,43178],{}," is a built-in function.",[70,70478,2751],{"id":2750},[30,70480,70481,70487,70491,70495,70499],{},[33,70482,70483],{},[303,70484,13,70485,591],{"href":43175},[15,70486,43178],{},[33,70488,70489],{},[303,70490,53407],{"href":52362},[33,70492,70493],{},[303,70494,53588],{"href":51795},[33,70496,70497],{},[303,70498,70073],{"href":70072},[33,70500,70501],{},[303,70502,70503],{"href":70426},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2785,70505,70506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":70508},[70509,70510,70512,70513,70514,70515,70523,70525,70533],{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":69083,"depth":125,"text":70511},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":69352,"depth":125,"text":69353},{"id":69493,"depth":125,"text":69494},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":70516},[70517,70519,70520,70521],{"id":69642,"depth":153,"text":70518},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26526,"depth":153,"text":26527},{"id":69822,"depth":153,"text":69823},{"id":70076,"depth":153,"text":70522},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":70168,"depth":125,"text":70524},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":70526},[70527,70528,70530,70531],{"id":70438,"depth":153,"text":70439},{"id":70448,"depth":153,"text":70529},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70459,"depth":153,"text":70460},{"id":70466,"depth":153,"text":70532},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68978,"description":70534},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70540,"title":70541,"body":70542,"description":72524,"extension":2830,"meta":72525,"navigation":472,"path":72526,"seo":72527,"stem":72528,"__hash__":72529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70543,"toc":72497},[70544,70547,70552,70555,70563,70576,70578,70643,70645,70667,70672,70676,70681,70689,70691,70701,70703,70784,70786,70816,70818,70837,70842,70859,70861,70945,70947,70977,70982,70986,70992,71076,71078,71108,71111,71115,71118,71209,71211,71249,71252,71337,71339,71369,71375,71382,71386,71391,71400,71402,71487,71489,71518,71521,71529,71533,71537,71546,71569,71571,71593,71595,71609,71611,71671,71675,71680,71719,71721,71738,71740,71750,71849,71854,71858,71863,71906,71908,71936,71938,71952,72027,72029,72051,72055,72058,72063,72074,72079,72087,72090,72161,72163,72188,72245,72247,72268,72277,72285,72290,72292,72297,72318,72321,72396,72399,72413,72420,72422,72426,72432,72436,72446,72450,72457,72461,72467,72469,72494],[10,70545,70541],{"id":70546},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70548,70549,70551],{},[15,70550,55898],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70553,70554],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,70556,70557,70560],{},[33,70558,70559],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,70561,70562],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70564,70565,70566,70568,70569,9544,70571,70575],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70567,13605],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70570,13605],{},[303,70572,70573],{"href":55888},[15,70574,56344],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[70,70577,73],{"id":72},[75,70579,70581],{"className":77,"code":70580,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70582,70583,70603,70618,70622,70633],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70584,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70586,91],{"class":90},[84,70588,95],{"class":94},[84,70590,99],{"class":98},[84,70592,437],{"class":102},[84,70594,106],{"class":98},[84,70596,442],{"class":102},[84,70598,106],{"class":98},[84,70600,447],{"class":102},[84,70602,122],{"class":98},[84,70604,70605,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70606,70607],{"class":90},"last_item ",[84,70609,95],{"class":94},[84,70611,147],{"class":90},[84,70613,307],{"class":98},[84,70615,27081],{"class":146},[84,70617,9482],{"class":98},[84,70619,70620],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70621,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70623,70624,70626,70628,70631],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70625,156],{"class":133},[84,70627,137],{"class":98},[84,70629,70630],{"class":146},"last_item",[84,70632,150],{"class":98},[84,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,70636,156],{"class":133},[84,70638,137],{"class":98},[84,70640,535],{"class":146},[84,70642,150],{"class":98},[20,70644,172],{},[75,70646,70648],{"className":77,"code":70647,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70649,70650,70655],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70651,70652],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70653,70654],{"class":102},"30\n",[84,70656,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70658,182],{"class":98},[84,70660,437],{"class":102},[84,70662,106],{"class":98},[84,70664,442],{"class":102},[84,70666,122],{"class":98},[20,70668,224,70669,70671],{},[15,70670,13605],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[70,70673,70675],{"id":70674},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70677,70678,70680],{},[15,70679,13605],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,70682,70683,70686],{},[33,70684,70685],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,70687,70688],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70690,44468],{},[30,70692,70693,70696,70699],{},[33,70694,70695],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,70697,70698],{},"It changes the original list",[33,70700,53562],{},[20,70702,814],{},[75,70704,70706],{"className":77,"code":70705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70707,70708,70740,70744,70759,70763,70774],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70709,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70711,13919],{"class":90},[84,70713,95],{"class":94},[84,70715,99],{"class":98},[84,70717,3711],{"class":185},[84,70719,13936],{"class":189},[84,70721,3711],{"class":185},[84,70723,106],{"class":98},[84,70725,4211],{"class":185},[84,70727,18296],{"class":189},[84,70729,3711],{"class":185},[84,70731,106],{"class":98},[84,70733,4211],{"class":185},[84,70735,13953],{"class":189},[84,70737,3711],{"class":185},[84,70739,122],{"class":98},[84,70741,70742],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70743,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70745,70746,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70747,70748],{"class":90},"removed ",[84,70750,95],{"class":94},[84,70752,13967],{"class":90},[84,70754,307],{"class":98},[84,70756,27081],{"class":146},[84,70758,9482],{"class":98},[84,70760,70761],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70762,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70764,70765,70767,70769,70772],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,70766,156],{"class":133},[84,70768,137],{"class":98},[84,70770,70771],{"class":146},"removed",[84,70773,150],{"class":98},[84,70775,70776,70778,70780,70782],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,70777,156],{"class":133},[84,70779,137],{"class":98},[84,70781,18343],{"class":146},[84,70783,150],{"class":98},[20,70785,172],{},[75,70787,70789],{"className":77,"code":70788,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70790,70791,70796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70792,70793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70794,70795],{"class":90},"blue\n",[84,70797,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70799,182],{"class":98},[84,70801,186],{"class":185},[84,70803,13936],{"class":189},[84,70805,186],{"class":185},[84,70807,106],{"class":98},[84,70809,196],{"class":185},[84,70811,18296],{"class":189},[84,70813,186],{"class":185},[84,70815,122],{"class":98},[70,70817,311],{"id":310},[75,70819,70821],{"className":77,"code":70820,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70822,70823],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70824,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70826,161],{"class":140},[84,70828,307],{"class":98},[84,70830,27081],{"class":146},[84,70832,3845],{"class":98},[84,70834,36683],{"class":146},[84,70836,4737],{"class":98},[20,70838,2847,70839,70841],{},[15,70840,36683],{}," is optional.",[30,70843,70844,70850,70856],{},[33,70845,70846,70847,70849],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70848,13605],{}," removes the last item",[33,70851,70852,70853,70855],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70854,13605],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,70857,70858],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70860,814],{},[75,70862,70864],{"className":77,"code":70863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70865,70866,70898,70902,70921,70925,70935],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70867,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70869,36928],{"class":90},[84,70871,95],{"class":94},[84,70873,99],{"class":98},[84,70875,3711],{"class":185},[84,70877,303],{"class":189},[84,70879,3711],{"class":185},[84,70881,106],{"class":98},[84,70883,4211],{"class":185},[84,70885,5608],{"class":189},[84,70887,3711],{"class":185},[84,70889,106],{"class":98},[84,70891,4211],{"class":185},[84,70893,10580],{"class":189},[84,70895,3711],{"class":185},[84,70897,122],{"class":98},[84,70899,70900],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70901,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70903,70904,70906,70908,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,70905,29379],{"class":90},[84,70907,95],{"class":94},[84,70909,70910],{"class":90}," letters",[84,70912,307],{"class":98},[84,70914,27081],{"class":146},[84,70916,137],{"class":98},[84,70918,103],{"class":102},[84,70920,150],{"class":98},[84,70922,70923],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,70924,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,70926,70927,70929,70931,70933],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,70928,156],{"class":133},[84,70930,137],{"class":98},[84,70932,1450],{"class":146},[84,70934,150],{"class":98},[84,70936,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,70938,156],{"class":133},[84,70940,137],{"class":98},[84,70942,36981],{"class":146},[84,70944,150],{"class":98},[20,70946,172],{},[75,70948,70950],{"className":77,"code":70949,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70951,70952,70957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70953,70954],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,70955,70956],{"class":90},"b\n",[84,70958,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,70960,182],{"class":98},[84,70962,186],{"class":185},[84,70964,303],{"class":189},[84,70966,186],{"class":185},[84,70968,106],{"class":98},[84,70970,196],{"class":185},[84,70972,10580],{"class":189},[84,70974,186],{"class":185},[84,70976,122],{"class":98},[20,70978,70979,70980,307],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[303,70981,53588],{"href":51795},[70,70983,70985],{"id":70984},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70987,70988,70989,70991],{},"When you call ",[15,70990,13605],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[75,70993,70995],{"className":77,"code":70994,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70996,70997,71032,71036,71051,71055,71066],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,70998,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71010,71012,71014,71016,71019,71021,71023,71025,71028,71030],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71000,30739],{"class":90},[84,71002,95],{"class":94},[84,71004,99],{"class":98},[84,71006,3711],{"class":185},[84,71008,71009],{"class":189},"write",[84,71011,3711],{"class":185},[84,71013,106],{"class":98},[84,71015,4211],{"class":185},[84,71017,71018],{"class":189},"test",[84,71020,3711],{"class":185},[84,71022,106],{"class":98},[84,71024,4211],{"class":185},[84,71026,71027],{"class":189},"submit",[84,71029,3711],{"class":185},[84,71031,122],{"class":98},[84,71033,71034],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71035,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71037,71038,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71039,71040],{"class":90},"last_task ",[84,71042,95],{"class":94},[84,71044,30817],{"class":90},[84,71046,307],{"class":98},[84,71048,27081],{"class":146},[84,71050,9482],{"class":98},[84,71052,71053],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71054,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71056,71057,71059,71061,71064],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71058,156],{"class":133},[84,71060,137],{"class":98},[84,71062,71063],{"class":146},"last_task",[84,71065,150],{"class":98},[84,71067,71068,71070,71072,71074],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71069,156],{"class":133},[84,71071,137],{"class":98},[84,71073,37343],{"class":146},[84,71075,150],{"class":98},[20,71077,172],{},[75,71079,71081],{"className":77,"code":71080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,71082,71083,71088],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71084,71085],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71086,71087],{"class":90},"submit\n",[84,71089,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104,71106],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71091,182],{"class":98},[84,71093,186],{"class":185},[84,71095,71009],{"class":189},[84,71097,186],{"class":185},[84,71099,106],{"class":98},[84,71101,196],{"class":185},[84,71103,71018],{"class":189},[84,71105,186],{"class":185},[84,71107,122],{"class":98},[20,71109,71110],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[70,71112,71114],{"id":71113},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,71116,71117],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[75,71119,71121],{"className":77,"code":71120,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71122,71123,71163,71167,71185,71189,71199],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71124,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71126,37076],{"class":90},[84,71128,95],{"class":94},[84,71130,99],{"class":98},[84,71132,3711],{"class":185},[84,71134,4928],{"class":189},[84,71136,3711],{"class":185},[84,71138,106],{"class":98},[84,71140,4211],{"class":185},[84,71142,4937],{"class":189},[84,71144,3711],{"class":185},[84,71146,106],{"class":98},[84,71148,4211],{"class":185},[84,71150,4946],{"class":189},[84,71152,3711],{"class":185},[84,71154,106],{"class":98},[84,71156,4211],{"class":185},[84,71158,34061],{"class":189},[84,71160,3711],{"class":185},[84,71162,122],{"class":98},[84,71164,71165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71166,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71170,70748],{"class":90},[84,71172,95],{"class":94},[84,71174,53668],{"class":90},[84,71176,307],{"class":98},[84,71178,27081],{"class":146},[84,71180,137],{"class":98},[84,71182,103],{"class":102},[84,71184,150],{"class":98},[84,71186,71187],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71188,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71190,71191,71193,71195,71197],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71192,156],{"class":133},[84,71194,137],{"class":98},[84,71196,70771],{"class":146},[84,71198,150],{"class":98},[84,71200,71201,71203,71205,71207],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71202,156],{"class":133},[84,71204,137],{"class":98},[84,71206,37128],{"class":146},[84,71208,150],{"class":98},[20,71210,172],{},[75,71212,71214],{"className":77,"code":71213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,71215,71216,71221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71217,71218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71219,71220],{"class":90},"banana\n",[84,71222,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71224,182],{"class":98},[84,71226,186],{"class":185},[84,71228,4928],{"class":189},[84,71230,186],{"class":185},[84,71232,106],{"class":98},[84,71234,196],{"class":185},[84,71236,4946],{"class":189},[84,71238,186],{"class":185},[84,71240,106],{"class":98},[84,71242,196],{"class":185},[84,71244,34061],{"class":189},[84,71246,186],{"class":185},[84,71248,122],{"class":98},[20,71250,71251],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[75,71253,71255],{"className":77,"code":71254,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71256,71257,71289,71293,71313,71317,71327],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71258,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283,71285,71287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71260,37076],{"class":90},[84,71262,95],{"class":94},[84,71264,99],{"class":98},[84,71266,3711],{"class":185},[84,71268,4928],{"class":189},[84,71270,3711],{"class":185},[84,71272,106],{"class":98},[84,71274,4211],{"class":185},[84,71276,4937],{"class":189},[84,71278,3711],{"class":185},[84,71280,106],{"class":98},[84,71282,4211],{"class":185},[84,71284,4946],{"class":189},[84,71286,3711],{"class":185},[84,71288,122],{"class":98},[84,71290,71291],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71292,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71294,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71296,70748],{"class":90},[84,71298,95],{"class":94},[84,71300,53668],{"class":90},[84,71302,307],{"class":98},[84,71304,27081],{"class":146},[84,71306,137],{"class":98},[84,71308,2888],{"class":94},[84,71310,103],{"class":102},[84,71312,150],{"class":98},[84,71314,71315],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71316,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71318,71319,71321,71323,71325],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71320,156],{"class":133},[84,71322,137],{"class":98},[84,71324,70771],{"class":146},[84,71326,150],{"class":98},[84,71328,71329,71331,71333,71335],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71330,156],{"class":133},[84,71332,137],{"class":98},[84,71334,37128],{"class":146},[84,71336,150],{"class":98},[20,71338,172],{},[75,71340,71342],{"className":77,"code":71341,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71343,71344,71349],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71345,71346],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71347,71348],{"class":90},"cherry\n",[84,71350,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71352,182],{"class":98},[84,71354,186],{"class":185},[84,71356,4928],{"class":189},[84,71358,186],{"class":185},[84,71360,106],{"class":98},[84,71362,196],{"class":185},[84,71364,4937],{"class":189},[84,71366,186],{"class":185},[84,71368,122],{"class":98},[20,71370,71371,71372,71374],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71373,66670],{}," means the last item.",[20,71376,71377,71378,307],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[303,71379,71380,11583],{"href":59781},[15,71381,65682],{},[70,71383,71385],{"id":71384},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71387,71388,71390],{},[15,71389,13605],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71392,71393,71394,5241,71396,307],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71395,13605],{},[303,71397,71398],{"href":55888},[15,71399,56344],{},[20,71401,814],{},[75,71403,71405],{"className":77,"code":71404,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71406,71407,71439,71443,71462,71466,71477],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71408,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71410,5842],{"class":90},[84,71412,95],{"class":94},[84,71414,99],{"class":98},[84,71416,3711],{"class":185},[84,71418,13723],{"class":189},[84,71420,3711],{"class":185},[84,71422,106],{"class":98},[84,71424,4211],{"class":185},[84,71426,36778],{"class":189},[84,71428,3711],{"class":185},[84,71430,106],{"class":98},[84,71432,4211],{"class":185},[84,71434,36787],{"class":189},[84,71436,3711],{"class":185},[84,71438,122],{"class":98},[84,71440,71441],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71442,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71444,71445,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71446,71447],{"class":90},"removed_name ",[84,71449,95],{"class":94},[84,71451,70390],{"class":90},[84,71453,307],{"class":98},[84,71455,27081],{"class":146},[84,71457,137],{"class":98},[84,71459,2983],{"class":102},[84,71461,150],{"class":98},[84,71463,71464],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71465,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71467,71468,71470,71472,71475],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71469,156],{"class":133},[84,71471,137],{"class":98},[84,71473,71474],{"class":146},"removed_name",[84,71476,150],{"class":98},[84,71478,71479,71481,71483,71485],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71480,156],{"class":133},[84,71482,137],{"class":98},[84,71484,5886],{"class":146},[84,71486,150],{"class":98},[20,71488,172],{},[75,71490,71492],{"className":77,"code":71491,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71493,71494,71498],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71495,71496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71497,50855],{"class":90},[84,71499,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71501,182],{"class":98},[84,71503,186],{"class":185},[84,71505,36778],{"class":189},[84,71507,186],{"class":185},[84,71509,106],{"class":98},[84,71511,196],{"class":185},[84,71513,36787],{"class":189},[84,71515,186],{"class":185},[84,71517,122],{"class":98},[20,71519,71520],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71522,71523,71524,71526,71527,307],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71525,56344],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71528,4630],{},[70,71530,71532],{"id":71531},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[995,71534,71536],{"id":71535},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71538,71539,71540,71542,71543,307],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71541,13605],{}," raises an ",[15,71544,71545],{},"IndexError",[75,71547,71549],{"className":77,"code":71548,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71550,71551,71559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71552,71553,71555,71557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71554,8620],{"class":90},[84,71556,95],{"class":94},[84,71558,8678],{"class":98},[84,71560,71561,71563,71565,71567],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71562,8649],{"class":90},[84,71564,307],{"class":98},[84,71566,27081],{"class":146},[84,71568,9482],{"class":98},[20,71570,172],{},[75,71572,71574],{"className":77,"code":71573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71575,71576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71577,71578,71580,71582,71585,71588,71591],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71579,71545],{"class":140},[84,71581,3743],{"class":98},[84,71583,71584],{"class":90}," pop ",[84,71586,71587],{"class":633},"from",[84,71589,71590],{"class":90}," empty ",[84,71592,50701],{"class":140},[20,71594,2129],{},[30,71596,71597,71602],{},[33,71598,71599,71600],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71601,13605],{},[33,71603,71604,71605,5241,71607],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71606,30645],{},[15,71608,30676],{},[20,71610,814],{},[75,71612,71614],{"className":77,"code":71613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71615,71616,71624,71628,71636,71650,71656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71617,71618,71620,71622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71619,8620],{"class":90},[84,71621,95],{"class":94},[84,71623,8678],{"class":98},[84,71625,71626],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71627,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71629,71630,71632,71634],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71631,7836],{"class":633},[84,71633,6808],{"class":90},[84,71635,1440],{"class":98},[84,71637,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71639,1445],{"class":133},[84,71641,137],{"class":98},[84,71643,8649],{"class":146},[84,71645,307],{"class":98},[84,71647,27081],{"class":146},[84,71649,8033],{"class":98},[84,71651,71652,71654],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71653,28274],{"class":633},[84,71655,1440],{"class":98},[84,71657,71658,71660,71662,71664,71667,71669],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71659,1445],{"class":133},[84,71661,137],{"class":98},[84,71663,3711],{"class":185},[84,71665,71666],{"class":189},"The list is empty.",[84,71668,3711],{"class":185},[84,71670,150],{"class":98},[995,71672,71674],{"id":71673},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71676,71677,71678,307],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71679,71545],{},[75,71681,71683],{"className":77,"code":71682,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71684,71685,71705],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71686,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71688,91],{"class":90},[84,71690,95],{"class":94},[84,71692,99],{"class":98},[84,71694,437],{"class":102},[84,71696,106],{"class":98},[84,71698,442],{"class":102},[84,71700,106],{"class":98},[84,71702,447],{"class":102},[84,71704,122],{"class":98},[84,71706,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71708,535],{"class":90},[84,71710,307],{"class":98},[84,71712,27081],{"class":146},[84,71714,137],{"class":98},[84,71716,3000],{"class":102},[84,71718,150],{"class":98},[20,71720,172],{},[75,71722,71724],{"className":77,"code":71723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71725,71726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71727,71728,71730,71732,71735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71729,71545],{"class":140},[84,71731,3743],{"class":98},[84,71733,71734],{"class":90}," pop index out of ",[84,71736,71737],{"class":133},"range\n",[20,71739,2129],{},[30,71741,71742,71747],{},[33,71743,71744,71745],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71746,43178],{},[33,71748,71749],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[75,71751,71753],{"className":77,"code":71752,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71754,71755,71775,71784,71788,71810,71828,71834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71756,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71758,91],{"class":90},[84,71760,95],{"class":94},[84,71762,99],{"class":98},[84,71764,437],{"class":102},[84,71766,106],{"class":98},[84,71768,442],{"class":102},[84,71770,106],{"class":98},[84,71772,447],{"class":102},[84,71774,122],{"class":98},[84,71776,71777,71780,71782],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71778,71779],{"class":90},"index ",[84,71781,95],{"class":94},[84,71783,643],{"class":102},[84,71785,71786],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71787,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,71789,71790,71792,71794,71797,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,71791,7836],{"class":633},[84,71793,4685],{"class":102},[84,71795,71796],{"class":94}," \u003C=",[84,71798,71799],{"class":90}," index ",[84,71801,1251],{"class":94},[84,71803,39210],{"class":133},[84,71805,137],{"class":98},[84,71807,535],{"class":146},[84,71809,628],{"class":98},[84,71811,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,71813,1445],{"class":133},[84,71815,137],{"class":98},[84,71817,535],{"class":146},[84,71819,307],{"class":98},[84,71821,27081],{"class":146},[84,71823,137],{"class":98},[84,71825,36683],{"class":146},[84,71827,169],{"class":98},[84,71829,71830,71832],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,71831,28274],{"class":633},[84,71833,1440],{"class":98},[84,71835,71836,71838,71840,71842,71845,71847],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,71837,1445],{"class":133},[84,71839,137],{"class":98},[84,71841,3711],{"class":185},[84,71843,71844],{"class":189},"Index is out of range.",[84,71846,3711],{"class":185},[84,71848,150],{"class":98},[20,71850,71851,71852,307],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,71853,70073],{"href":70072},[995,71855,71857],{"id":71856},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71859,71860,71862],{},[15,71861,13605],{}," expects an integer index.",[75,71864,71866],{"className":77,"code":71865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71867,71868,71888],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71869,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71871,91],{"class":90},[84,71873,95],{"class":94},[84,71875,99],{"class":98},[84,71877,437],{"class":102},[84,71879,106],{"class":98},[84,71881,442],{"class":102},[84,71883,106],{"class":98},[84,71885,447],{"class":102},[84,71887,122],{"class":98},[84,71889,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71891,535],{"class":90},[84,71893,307],{"class":98},[84,71895,27081],{"class":146},[84,71897,137],{"class":98},[84,71899,3711],{"class":185},[84,71901,103],{"class":189},[84,71903,3711],{"class":185},[84,71905,150],{"class":98},[20,71907,172],{},[75,71909,71911],{"className":77,"code":71910,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71912,71913],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71930,71933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71916,3864],{"class":140},[84,71918,3743],{"class":98},[84,71920,196],{"class":185},[84,71922,141],{"class":189},[84,71924,186],{"class":185},[84,71926,1256],{"class":140},[84,71928,71929],{"class":90}," cannot be interpreted ",[84,71931,71932],{"class":633},"as",[84,71934,71935],{"class":90}," an integer\n",[20,71937,2129],{},[30,71939,71940,71949],{},[33,71941,71942,71943,362,71945,366,71947],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71944,2983],{},[15,71946,103],{},[15,71948,66670],{},[33,71950,71951],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[75,71953,71955],{"className":77,"code":71954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71956,71957,71977,71995,71999,72017],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,71958,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,71960,91],{"class":90},[84,71962,95],{"class":94},[84,71964,99],{"class":98},[84,71966,437],{"class":102},[84,71968,106],{"class":98},[84,71970,442],{"class":102},[84,71972,106],{"class":98},[84,71974,447],{"class":102},[84,71976,122],{"class":98},[84,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,71980,71779],{"class":90},[84,71982,95],{"class":94},[84,71984,46094],{"class":140},[84,71986,137],{"class":98},[84,71988,3711],{"class":185},[84,71990,103],{"class":189},[84,71992,3711],{"class":185},[84,71994,150],{"class":98},[84,71996,71997],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,71998,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,72000,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72002,156],{"class":133},[84,72004,137],{"class":98},[84,72006,535],{"class":146},[84,72008,307],{"class":98},[84,72010,27081],{"class":146},[84,72012,137],{"class":98},[84,72014,36683],{"class":146},[84,72016,169],{"class":98},[84,72018,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,72020,156],{"class":133},[84,72022,137],{"class":98},[84,72024,535],{"class":146},[84,72026,150],{"class":98},[20,72028,172],{},[75,72030,72032],{"className":77,"code":72031,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,72033,72034,72039],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72035,72036],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72037,72038],{"class":102},"20\n",[84,72040,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72042,182],{"class":98},[84,72044,437],{"class":102},[84,72046,106],{"class":98},[84,72048,447],{"class":102},[84,72050,122],{"class":98},[70,72052,72054],{"id":72053},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,72056,72057],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[995,72059,224,72061,11443],{"id":72060},"use-pop-when",[15,72062,13605],{},[30,72064,72065,72068,72071],{},[33,72066,72067],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,72069,72070],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,72072,72073],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[995,72075,224,72077,11443],{"id":72076},"use-remove-when",[15,72078,56344],{},[30,72080,72081,72084],{},[33,72082,72083],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,72085,72086],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,72088,72089],{},"Compare these examples:",[75,72091,72093],{"className":77,"code":72092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72094,72095,72119,72123,72141,72151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72096,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72098,91],{"class":90},[84,72100,95],{"class":94},[84,72102,99],{"class":98},[84,72104,437],{"class":102},[84,72106,106],{"class":98},[84,72108,442],{"class":102},[84,72110,106],{"class":98},[84,72112,447],{"class":102},[84,72114,106],{"class":98},[84,72116,442],{"class":102},[84,72118,122],{"class":98},[84,72120,72121],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72122,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,72124,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72126,70748],{"class":90},[84,72128,95],{"class":94},[84,72130,147],{"class":90},[84,72132,307],{"class":98},[84,72134,27081],{"class":146},[84,72136,137],{"class":98},[84,72138,103],{"class":102},[84,72140,150],{"class":98},[84,72142,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72144,156],{"class":133},[84,72146,137],{"class":98},[84,72148,70771],{"class":146},[84,72150,150],{"class":98},[84,72152,72153,72155,72157,72159],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,72154,156],{"class":133},[84,72156,137],{"class":98},[84,72158,535],{"class":146},[84,72160,150],{"class":98},[20,72162,172],{},[75,72164,72166],{"className":77,"code":72165,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72167,72168,72172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72169,72170],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72171,72038],{"class":102},[84,72173,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72175,182],{"class":98},[84,72177,437],{"class":102},[84,72179,106],{"class":98},[84,72181,447],{"class":102},[84,72183,106],{"class":98},[84,72185,442],{"class":102},[84,72187,122],{"class":98},[75,72189,72191],{"className":77,"code":72190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72192,72193,72217,72221,72235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72194,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72196,91],{"class":90},[84,72198,95],{"class":94},[84,72200,99],{"class":98},[84,72202,437],{"class":102},[84,72204,106],{"class":98},[84,72206,442],{"class":102},[84,72208,106],{"class":98},[84,72210,447],{"class":102},[84,72212,106],{"class":98},[84,72214,442],{"class":102},[84,72216,122],{"class":98},[84,72218,72219],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72220,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,72222,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72224,535],{"class":90},[84,72226,307],{"class":98},[84,72228,35633],{"class":146},[84,72230,137],{"class":98},[84,72232,512],{"class":102},[84,72234,150],{"class":98},[84,72236,72237,72239,72241,72243],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72238,156],{"class":133},[84,72240,137],{"class":98},[84,72242,535],{"class":146},[84,72244,150],{"class":98},[20,72246,172],{},[75,72248,72250],{"className":77,"code":72249,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72251,72252],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72253,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72255,182],{"class":98},[84,72257,437],{"class":102},[84,72259,106],{"class":98},[84,72261,447],{"class":102},[84,72263,106],{"class":98},[84,72265,442],{"class":102},[84,72267,122],{"class":98},[20,72269,72270,72271,72274,72275,307],{},"In the first example, ",[15,72272,72273],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,72276,103],{},[20,72278,57420,72279,72282,72283,307],{},[15,72280,72281],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,72284,512],{},[20,72286,72287,72288,307],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[303,72289,55884],{"href":55883},[70,72291,3686],{"id":3685},[20,72293,72294,72295,3743],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,72296,13605],{},[30,72298,72299,72302,72305,72311,72315],{},[33,72300,72301],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,72303,72304],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,72306,38041,72307,9544,72309],{},[15,72308,13605],{},[15,72310,56344],{},[33,72312,9291,72313,62789],{},[15,72314,13605],{},[33,72316,72317],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72319,72320],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[75,72322,72324],{"className":77,"code":72323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72325,72326,72336,72350,72364,72382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72327,72328,72330,72332,72334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72329,156],{"class":133},[84,72331,137],{"class":98},[84,72333,9178],{"class":146},[84,72335,150],{"class":98},[84,72337,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72339,156],{"class":133},[84,72341,137],{"class":98},[84,72343,12005],{"class":133},[84,72345,137],{"class":98},[84,72347,9178],{"class":146},[84,72349,169],{"class":98},[84,72351,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72353,156],{"class":133},[84,72355,137],{"class":98},[84,72357,9178],{"class":146},[84,72359,307],{"class":98},[84,72361,27081],{"class":146},[84,72363,8033],{"class":98},[84,72365,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72367,156],{"class":133},[84,72369,137],{"class":98},[84,72371,9178],{"class":146},[84,72373,307],{"class":98},[84,72375,27081],{"class":146},[84,72377,137],{"class":98},[84,72379,2983],{"class":102},[84,72381,169],{"class":98},[84,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,72385,156],{"class":133},[84,72387,137],{"class":98},[84,72389,2624],{"class":140},[84,72391,137],{"class":98},[84,72393,36683],{"class":146},[84,72395,169],{"class":98},[20,72397,72398],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,72400,72401,72407],{},[33,72402,72403,72406],{},[15,72404,72405],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,72408,72409,72412],{},[15,72410,72411],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72414,72415,72416,72419],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72417,72418],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[70,72421,2694],{"id":2693},[995,72423,72425],{"id":72424},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72427,72428,72429,72431],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72430,13605],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[995,72433,72435],{"id":72434},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72437,72438,72440,72441,72443,72444,307],{},[15,72439,13605],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72442,56344],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72445,4630],{},[995,72447,72449],{"id":72448},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72451,72452,72453,72456],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72454,72455],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[995,72458,72460],{"id":72459},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72462,72463,72464,72466],{},"Python raises ",[15,72465,71545],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[70,72468,2751],{"id":2750},[30,72470,72471,72475,72480,72485,72490],{},[33,72472,72473],{},[303,72474,56330],{"href":55883},[33,72476,72477],{},[303,72478,72479],{"href":55888},"Python list remove() method",[33,72481,72482],{},[303,72483,72484],{"href":59781},"Python list index() method",[33,72486,72487],{},[303,72488,72489],{"href":51795},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,72491,72492],{},[303,72493,70073],{"href":70072},[2785,72495,72496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":72498},[72499,72500,72501,72502,72503,72504,72505,72510,72516,72517,72523],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":70674,"depth":125,"text":70675},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":70984,"depth":125,"text":70985},{"id":71113,"depth":125,"text":71114},{"id":71384,"depth":125,"text":71385},{"id":71531,"depth":125,"text":71532,"children":72506},[72507,72508,72509],{"id":71535,"depth":153,"text":71536},{"id":71673,"depth":153,"text":71674},{"id":71856,"depth":153,"text":71857},{"id":72053,"depth":125,"text":72054,"children":72511},[72512,72514],{"id":72060,"depth":153,"text":72513},"Use pop() when:",{"id":72076,"depth":153,"text":72515},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":72518},[72519,72520,72521,72522],{"id":72424,"depth":153,"text":72425},{"id":72434,"depth":153,"text":72435},{"id":72448,"depth":153,"text":72449},{"id":72459,"depth":153,"text":72460},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70541,"description":72524},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72531,"title":72532,"body":72533,"description":74319,"extension":2830,"meta":74320,"navigation":472,"path":74321,"seo":74322,"stem":74323,"__hash__":74324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72534,"toc":74301},[72535,72538,72543,72549,72551,72621,72627,72631,72636,72657,72660,72727,72729,72750,72758,72760,72779,72795,72797,72862,72864,72889,72891,72893,72958,72960,72985,72987,73001,73004,73057,73059,73080,73084,73092,73165,73167,73200,73206,73212,73303,73305,73330,73336,73425,73427,73451,73453,73457,73512,73514,73546,73549,73552,73646,73648,73681,73687,73693,73697,73704,73730,73734,73799,73801,73826,73830,73911,73913,73942,73947,73952,73958,73962,73969,73991,73995,74054,74056,74080,74089,74094,74096,74100,74129,74131,74206,74209,74223,74229,74231,74235,74238,74242,74247,74251,74260,74264,74272,74274,74298],[10,72536,72532],{"id":72537},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72539,2847,72540,72542],{},[15,72541,55891],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72544,72545,72546,72548],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[53,72547,3329],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[70,72550,73],{"id":72},[75,72552,72554],{"className":77,"code":72553,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72555,72556,72588,72606,72616],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72557,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72559,8620],{"class":90},[84,72561,95],{"class":94},[84,72563,99],{"class":98},[84,72565,3711],{"class":185},[84,72567,4928],{"class":189},[84,72569,3711],{"class":185},[84,72571,106],{"class":98},[84,72573,4211],{"class":185},[84,72575,4937],{"class":189},[84,72577,3711],{"class":185},[84,72579,106],{"class":98},[84,72581,4211],{"class":185},[84,72583,34061],{"class":189},[84,72585,3711],{"class":185},[84,72587,122],{"class":98},[84,72589,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72591,8649],{"class":90},[84,72593,307],{"class":98},[84,72595,35633],{"class":146},[84,72597,137],{"class":98},[84,72599,3711],{"class":185},[84,72601,4937],{"class":189},[84,72603,3711],{"class":185},[84,72605,150],{"class":98},[84,72607,72608,72610,72612,72614],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72609,156],{"class":133},[84,72611,137],{"class":98},[84,72613,8649],{"class":146},[84,72615,150],{"class":98},[84,72617,72618],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72619,72620],{"class":4517},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72622,224,72623,72626],{},[15,72624,72625],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[70,72628,72630],{"id":72629},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72632,72633,72635],{},[15,72634,56344],{}," is a list method that:",[30,72637,72638,72644,72649,72654],{},[33,72639,72640,72641,72643],{},"Deletes the ",[53,72642,30750],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,72645,72646,72647],{},"Changes the original list ",[53,72648,12178],{},[33,72650,2698,72651,72653],{},[53,72652,55],{}," return a new list",[33,72655,72656],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72658,72659],{},"This is important for beginners:",[75,72661,72663],{"className":77,"code":72662,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72664,72665,72685,72703,72707,72717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72666,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72668,91],{"class":90},[84,72670,95],{"class":94},[84,72672,99],{"class":98},[84,72674,103],{"class":102},[84,72676,106],{"class":98},[84,72678,109],{"class":102},[84,72680,106],{"class":98},[84,72682,114],{"class":102},[84,72684,122],{"class":98},[84,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72688,128],{"class":90},[84,72690,95],{"class":94},[84,72692,147],{"class":90},[84,72694,307],{"class":98},[84,72696,35633],{"class":146},[84,72698,137],{"class":98},[84,72700,199],{"class":102},[84,72702,150],{"class":98},[84,72704,72705],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72706,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,72708,72709,72711,72713,72715],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,72710,156],{"class":133},[84,72712,137],{"class":98},[84,72714,535],{"class":146},[84,72716,150],{"class":98},[84,72718,72719,72721,72723,72725],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,72720,156],{"class":133},[84,72722,137],{"class":98},[84,72724,166],{"class":146},[84,72726,150],{"class":98},[20,72728,172],{},[75,72730,72732],{"className":77,"code":72731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72733,72734,72746],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72735,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72737,182],{"class":98},[84,72739,103],{"class":102},[84,72741,106],{"class":98},[84,72743,114],{"class":102},[84,72745,122],{"class":98},[84,72747,72748],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72749,12651],{"class":4704},[20,72751,72752,72753,72755,72756,307],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72754,56344],{}," itself returned ",[15,72757,4630],{},[70,72759,6274],{"id":6273},[75,72761,72763],{"className":77,"code":72762,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72764,72765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72766,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72768,161],{"class":140},[84,72770,307],{"class":98},[84,72772,35633],{"class":146},[84,72774,137],{"class":98},[84,72776,3329],{"class":146},[84,72778,150],{"class":98},[30,72780,72781,72786,72789],{},[33,72782,72783,72785],{},[15,72784,3329],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,72787,72788],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,72790,72791,72792,72794],{},"Only the ",[53,72793,30750],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72796,814],{},[75,72798,72800],{"className":77,"code":72799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72801,72802,72834,72852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72803,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72805,36928],{"class":90},[84,72807,95],{"class":94},[84,72809,99],{"class":98},[84,72811,3711],{"class":185},[84,72813,303],{"class":189},[84,72815,3711],{"class":185},[84,72817,106],{"class":98},[84,72819,4211],{"class":185},[84,72821,5608],{"class":189},[84,72823,3711],{"class":185},[84,72825,106],{"class":98},[84,72827,4211],{"class":185},[84,72829,10580],{"class":189},[84,72831,3711],{"class":185},[84,72833,122],{"class":98},[84,72835,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72837,36981],{"class":90},[84,72839,307],{"class":98},[84,72841,35633],{"class":146},[84,72843,137],{"class":98},[84,72845,3711],{"class":185},[84,72847,5608],{"class":189},[84,72849,3711],{"class":185},[84,72851,150],{"class":98},[84,72853,72854,72856,72858,72860],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72855,156],{"class":133},[84,72857,137],{"class":98},[84,72859,36981],{"class":146},[84,72861,150],{"class":98},[20,72863,172],{},[75,72865,72867],{"className":77,"code":72866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72868,72869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72870,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72872,182],{"class":98},[84,72874,186],{"class":185},[84,72876,303],{"class":189},[84,72878,186],{"class":185},[84,72880,106],{"class":98},[84,72882,196],{"class":185},[84,72884,10580],{"class":189},[84,72886,186],{"class":185},[84,72888,122],{"class":98},[70,72890,6631],{"id":6630},[20,72892,65991],{},[75,72894,72896],{"className":77,"code":72895,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72897,72898,72930,72948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72899,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72901,13919],{"class":90},[84,72903,95],{"class":94},[84,72905,99],{"class":98},[84,72907,3711],{"class":185},[84,72909,13936],{"class":189},[84,72911,3711],{"class":185},[84,72913,106],{"class":98},[84,72915,4211],{"class":185},[84,72917,13953],{"class":189},[84,72919,3711],{"class":185},[84,72921,106],{"class":98},[84,72923,4211],{"class":185},[84,72925,18296],{"class":189},[84,72927,3711],{"class":185},[84,72929,122],{"class":98},[84,72931,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,72933,18343],{"class":90},[84,72935,307],{"class":98},[84,72937,35633],{"class":146},[84,72939,137],{"class":98},[84,72941,3711],{"class":185},[84,72943,13953],{"class":189},[84,72945,3711],{"class":185},[84,72947,150],{"class":98},[84,72949,72950,72952,72954,72956],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,72951,156],{"class":133},[84,72953,137],{"class":98},[84,72955,18343],{"class":146},[84,72957,150],{"class":98},[20,72959,172],{},[75,72961,72963],{"className":77,"code":72962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72964,72965],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,72966,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,72968,182],{"class":98},[84,72970,186],{"class":185},[84,72972,13936],{"class":189},[84,72974,186],{"class":185},[84,72976,106],{"class":98},[84,72978,196],{"class":185},[84,72980,18296],{"class":189},[84,72982,186],{"class":185},[84,72984,122],{"class":98},[20,72986,528],{},[30,72988,72989,72992,72998],{},[33,72990,72991],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,72993,72994,72997],{},[15,72995,72996],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,72999,73000],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,73002,73003],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[75,73005,73007],{"className":77,"code":73006,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,73008,73009,73033,73047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73010,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029,73031],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73012,5911],{"class":90},[84,73014,95],{"class":94},[84,73016,99],{"class":98},[84,73018,437],{"class":102},[84,73020,106],{"class":98},[84,73022,442],{"class":102},[84,73024,106],{"class":98},[84,73026,447],{"class":102},[84,73028,106],{"class":98},[84,73030,51659],{"class":102},[84,73032,122],{"class":98},[84,73034,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73036,17231],{"class":90},[84,73038,307],{"class":98},[84,73040,35633],{"class":146},[84,73042,137],{"class":98},[84,73044,521],{"class":102},[84,73046,150],{"class":98},[84,73048,73049,73051,73053,73055],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73050,156],{"class":133},[84,73052,137],{"class":98},[84,73054,17231],{"class":146},[84,73056,150],{"class":98},[20,73058,172],{},[75,73060,73062],{"className":77,"code":73061,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,73063,73064],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73065,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73067,182],{"class":98},[84,73069,437],{"class":102},[84,73071,106],{"class":98},[84,73073,442],{"class":102},[84,73075,106],{"class":98},[84,73077,51659],{"class":102},[84,73079,122],{"class":98},[70,73081,73083],{"id":73082},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,73085,65981,73086,73088,73089,73091],{},[15,73087,56344],{}," deletes only the ",[53,73090,30750],{}," one.",[75,73093,73095],{"className":77,"code":73094,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73096,73097,73137,73155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73098,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73100,8620],{"class":90},[84,73102,95],{"class":94},[84,73104,99],{"class":98},[84,73106,3711],{"class":185},[84,73108,4928],{"class":189},[84,73110,3711],{"class":185},[84,73112,106],{"class":98},[84,73114,4211],{"class":185},[84,73116,4937],{"class":189},[84,73118,3711],{"class":185},[84,73120,106],{"class":98},[84,73122,4211],{"class":185},[84,73124,4928],{"class":189},[84,73126,3711],{"class":185},[84,73128,106],{"class":98},[84,73130,4211],{"class":185},[84,73132,34061],{"class":189},[84,73134,3711],{"class":185},[84,73136,122],{"class":98},[84,73138,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73140,8649],{"class":90},[84,73142,307],{"class":98},[84,73144,35633],{"class":146},[84,73146,137],{"class":98},[84,73148,3711],{"class":185},[84,73150,4928],{"class":189},[84,73152,3711],{"class":185},[84,73154,150],{"class":98},[84,73156,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73158,156],{"class":133},[84,73160,137],{"class":98},[84,73162,8649],{"class":146},[84,73164,150],{"class":98},[20,73166,172],{},[75,73168,73170],{"className":77,"code":73169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73171,73172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73175,182],{"class":98},[84,73177,186],{"class":185},[84,73179,4937],{"class":189},[84,73181,186],{"class":185},[84,73183,106],{"class":98},[84,73185,196],{"class":185},[84,73187,4928],{"class":189},[84,73189,186],{"class":185},[84,73191,106],{"class":98},[84,73193,196],{"class":185},[84,73195,34061],{"class":189},[84,73197,186],{"class":185},[84,73199,122],{"class":98},[20,73201,73202,73203,73205],{},"Only the first ",[15,73204,58649],{}," was removed.",[20,73207,73208,73209,73211],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,73210,56344],{}," again:",[75,73213,73215],{"className":77,"code":73214,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73216,73217,73257,73275,73293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73218,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73220,8620],{"class":90},[84,73222,95],{"class":94},[84,73224,99],{"class":98},[84,73226,3711],{"class":185},[84,73228,4928],{"class":189},[84,73230,3711],{"class":185},[84,73232,106],{"class":98},[84,73234,4211],{"class":185},[84,73236,4937],{"class":189},[84,73238,3711],{"class":185},[84,73240,106],{"class":98},[84,73242,4211],{"class":185},[84,73244,4928],{"class":189},[84,73246,3711],{"class":185},[84,73248,106],{"class":98},[84,73250,4211],{"class":185},[84,73252,34061],{"class":189},[84,73254,3711],{"class":185},[84,73256,122],{"class":98},[84,73258,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73260,8649],{"class":90},[84,73262,307],{"class":98},[84,73264,35633],{"class":146},[84,73266,137],{"class":98},[84,73268,3711],{"class":185},[84,73270,4928],{"class":189},[84,73272,3711],{"class":185},[84,73274,150],{"class":98},[84,73276,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73278,8649],{"class":90},[84,73280,307],{"class":98},[84,73282,35633],{"class":146},[84,73284,137],{"class":98},[84,73286,3711],{"class":185},[84,73288,4928],{"class":189},[84,73290,3711],{"class":185},[84,73292,150],{"class":98},[84,73294,73295,73297,73299,73301],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,73296,156],{"class":133},[84,73298,137],{"class":98},[84,73300,8649],{"class":146},[84,73302,150],{"class":98},[20,73304,172],{},[75,73306,73308],{"className":77,"code":73307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73309,73310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73311,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73313,182],{"class":98},[84,73315,186],{"class":185},[84,73317,4937],{"class":189},[84,73319,186],{"class":185},[84,73321,106],{"class":98},[84,73323,196],{"class":185},[84,73325,34061],{"class":189},[84,73327,186],{"class":185},[84,73329,122],{"class":98},[20,73331,73332,73333,73335],{},"If you need to remove ",[53,73334,4568],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[75,73337,73339],{"className":77,"code":73338,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73340,73341,73381,73415],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73342,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73344,8620],{"class":90},[84,73346,95],{"class":94},[84,73348,99],{"class":98},[84,73350,3711],{"class":185},[84,73352,4928],{"class":189},[84,73354,3711],{"class":185},[84,73356,106],{"class":98},[84,73358,4211],{"class":185},[84,73360,4937],{"class":189},[84,73362,3711],{"class":185},[84,73364,106],{"class":98},[84,73366,4211],{"class":185},[84,73368,4928],{"class":189},[84,73370,3711],{"class":185},[84,73372,106],{"class":98},[84,73374,4211],{"class":185},[84,73376,34061],{"class":189},[84,73378,3711],{"class":185},[84,73380,122],{"class":98},[84,73382,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397,73400,73402,73404,73407,73409,73411,73413],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73384,8620],{"class":90},[84,73386,95],{"class":94},[84,73388,99],{"class":98},[84,73390,29379],{"class":90},[84,73392,1428],{"class":633},[84,73394,1431],{"class":90},[84,73396,1434],{"class":633},[84,73398,73399],{"class":90}," items ",[84,73401,7836],{"class":633},[84,73403,1431],{"class":90},[84,73405,73406],{"class":94},"!=",[84,73408,4211],{"class":185},[84,73410,4928],{"class":189},[84,73412,3711],{"class":185},[84,73414,122],{"class":98},[84,73416,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73418,156],{"class":133},[84,73420,137],{"class":98},[84,73422,8649],{"class":146},[84,73424,150],{"class":98},[20,73426,172],{},[75,73428,73429],{"className":77,"code":73307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,73430,73431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73432,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73434,182],{"class":98},[84,73436,186],{"class":185},[84,73438,4937],{"class":189},[84,73440,186],{"class":185},[84,73442,106],{"class":98},[84,73444,196],{"class":185},[84,73446,34061],{"class":189},[84,73448,186],{"class":185},[84,73450,122],{"class":98},[70,73452,66446],{"id":66445},[20,73454,66449,73455,307],{},[15,73456,41521],{},[75,73458,73460],{"className":77,"code":73459,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73461,73462,73494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73463,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73465,8620],{"class":90},[84,73467,95],{"class":94},[84,73469,99],{"class":98},[84,73471,3711],{"class":185},[84,73473,4928],{"class":189},[84,73475,3711],{"class":185},[84,73477,106],{"class":98},[84,73479,4211],{"class":185},[84,73481,4937],{"class":189},[84,73483,3711],{"class":185},[84,73485,106],{"class":98},[84,73487,4211],{"class":185},[84,73489,34061],{"class":189},[84,73491,3711],{"class":185},[84,73493,122],{"class":98},[84,73495,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73497,8649],{"class":90},[84,73499,307],{"class":98},[84,73501,35633],{"class":146},[84,73503,137],{"class":98},[84,73505,3711],{"class":185},[84,73507,23376],{"class":189},[84,73509,3711],{"class":185},[84,73511,150],{"class":98},[20,73513,172],{},[75,73515,73517],{"className":77,"code":73516,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73518,73519],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73520,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73522,41521],{"class":140},[84,73524,3743],{"class":98},[84,73526,1636],{"class":140},[84,73528,307],{"class":98},[84,73530,35633],{"class":146},[84,73532,137],{"class":98},[84,73534,625],{"class":146},[84,73536,17294],{"class":98},[84,73538,637],{"class":90},[84,73540,55],{"class":94},[84,73542,22016],{"class":94},[84,73544,73545],{"class":140}," list\n",[20,73547,73548],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73550,73551],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[75,73553,73555],{"className":77,"code":73554,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73556,73557,73589,73601,73605,73617,73632,73636],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73558,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73560,8620],{"class":90},[84,73562,95],{"class":94},[84,73564,99],{"class":98},[84,73566,3711],{"class":185},[84,73568,4928],{"class":189},[84,73570,3711],{"class":185},[84,73572,106],{"class":98},[84,73574,4211],{"class":185},[84,73576,4937],{"class":189},[84,73578,3711],{"class":185},[84,73580,106],{"class":98},[84,73582,4211],{"class":185},[84,73584,34061],{"class":189},[84,73586,3711],{"class":185},[84,73588,122],{"class":98},[84,73590,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73592,3304],{"class":90},[84,73594,95],{"class":94},[84,73596,4211],{"class":185},[84,73598,23376],{"class":189},[84,73600,4217],{"class":185},[84,73602,73603],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73604,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,73608,7836],{"class":633},[84,73610,22427],{"class":90},[84,73612,1434],{"class":94},[84,73614,6808],{"class":90},[84,73616,1440],{"class":98},[84,73618,73619,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,73620,73621],{"class":90},"    items",[84,73623,307],{"class":98},[84,73625,35633],{"class":146},[84,73627,137],{"class":98},[84,73629,3329],{"class":146},[84,73631,150],{"class":98},[84,73633,73634],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,73635,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,73637,73638,73640,73642,73644],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,73639,156],{"class":133},[84,73641,137],{"class":98},[84,73643,8649],{"class":146},[84,73645,150],{"class":98},[20,73647,172],{},[75,73649,73651],{"className":77,"code":73650,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73652,73653],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73654,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73656,182],{"class":98},[84,73658,186],{"class":185},[84,73660,4928],{"class":189},[84,73662,186],{"class":185},[84,73664,106],{"class":98},[84,73666,196],{"class":185},[84,73668,4937],{"class":189},[84,73670,186],{"class":185},[84,73672,106],{"class":98},[84,73674,196],{"class":185},[84,73676,34061],{"class":189},[84,73678,186],{"class":185},[84,73680,122],{"class":98},[20,73682,73683,73684,73686],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73685,56344],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73688,73689,73690,307],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[303,73691,66655],{"href":73692},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[70,73694,73696],{"id":73695},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73698,73699,5241,73701,73703],{},[15,73700,56344],{},[15,73702,13605],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,73705,73706,73713,73719,73725],{},[33,73707,73708,73710,73711],{},[15,73709,56344],{}," deletes by ",[53,73712,3329],{},[33,73714,73715,73710,73717],{},[15,73716,13605],{},[53,73718,36683],{},[33,73720,73721,3254,73723],{},[15,73722,56344],{},[15,73724,4630],{},[33,73726,73727,73729],{},[15,73728,13605],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73731,46857,73732,3743],{},[15,73733,56344],{},[75,73735,73737],{"className":77,"code":73736,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73738,73739,73771,73789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73740,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73742,8620],{"class":90},[84,73744,95],{"class":94},[84,73746,99],{"class":98},[84,73748,3711],{"class":185},[84,73750,4928],{"class":189},[84,73752,3711],{"class":185},[84,73754,106],{"class":98},[84,73756,4211],{"class":185},[84,73758,4937],{"class":189},[84,73760,3711],{"class":185},[84,73762,106],{"class":98},[84,73764,4211],{"class":185},[84,73766,34061],{"class":189},[84,73768,3711],{"class":185},[84,73770,122],{"class":98},[84,73772,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73774,8649],{"class":90},[84,73776,307],{"class":98},[84,73778,35633],{"class":146},[84,73780,137],{"class":98},[84,73782,3711],{"class":185},[84,73784,4937],{"class":189},[84,73786,3711],{"class":185},[84,73788,150],{"class":98},[84,73790,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73792,156],{"class":133},[84,73794,137],{"class":98},[84,73796,8649],{"class":146},[84,73798,150],{"class":98},[20,73800,172],{},[75,73802,73804],{"className":77,"code":73803,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73805,73806],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73807,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73809,182],{"class":98},[84,73811,186],{"class":185},[84,73813,4928],{"class":189},[84,73815,186],{"class":185},[84,73817,106],{"class":98},[84,73819,196],{"class":185},[84,73821,34061],{"class":189},[84,73823,186],{"class":185},[84,73825,122],{"class":98},[20,73827,46857,73828,3743],{},[15,73829,13605],{},[75,73831,73833],{"className":77,"code":73832,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73834,73835,73867,73886,73890,73900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73836,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73838,8620],{"class":90},[84,73840,95],{"class":94},[84,73842,99],{"class":98},[84,73844,3711],{"class":185},[84,73846,4928],{"class":189},[84,73848,3711],{"class":185},[84,73850,106],{"class":98},[84,73852,4211],{"class":185},[84,73854,4937],{"class":189},[84,73856,3711],{"class":185},[84,73858,106],{"class":98},[84,73860,4211],{"class":185},[84,73862,34061],{"class":189},[84,73864,3711],{"class":185},[84,73866,122],{"class":98},[84,73868,73869,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73870,73871],{"class":90},"removed_item ",[84,73873,95],{"class":94},[84,73875,6808],{"class":90},[84,73877,307],{"class":98},[84,73879,27081],{"class":146},[84,73881,137],{"class":98},[84,73883,103],{"class":102},[84,73885,150],{"class":98},[84,73887,73888],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,73889,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,73891,73892,73894,73896,73898],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,73893,156],{"class":133},[84,73895,137],{"class":98},[84,73897,8649],{"class":146},[84,73899,150],{"class":98},[84,73901,73902,73904,73906,73909],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,73903,156],{"class":133},[84,73905,137],{"class":98},[84,73907,73908],{"class":146},"removed_item",[84,73910,150],{"class":98},[20,73912,172],{},[75,73914,73916],{"className":77,"code":73915,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73917,73918,73938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,73919,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,73921,182],{"class":98},[84,73923,186],{"class":185},[84,73925,4928],{"class":189},[84,73927,186],{"class":185},[84,73929,106],{"class":98},[84,73931,196],{"class":185},[84,73933,34061],{"class":189},[84,73935,186],{"class":185},[84,73937,122],{"class":98},[84,73939,73940],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,73941,71220],{"class":90},[20,73943,224,73944,73946],{},[15,73945,56344],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73948,224,73949,73951],{},[15,73950,13605],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73953,73954,73955,307],{},"For more detail, see the ",[303,73956,73957],{"href":55895},"Python list pop() method",[70,73959,73961],{"id":73960},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73963,73964,5241,73966,73968],{},[15,73965,56344],{},[15,73967,27865],{}," are also different.",[30,73970,73971,73976,73981,73986],{},[33,73972,73973,73975],{},[15,73974,56344],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,73977,73978,73980],{},[15,73979,27865],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,73982,224,73983,73985],{},[15,73984,27865],{}," when you know the position",[33,73987,224,73988,73990],{},[15,73989,56344],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73992,46857,73993,3743],{},[15,73994,27865],{},[75,73996,73998],{"className":77,"code":73997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73999,74000,74032,74044],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74001,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74003,8620],{"class":90},[84,74005,95],{"class":94},[84,74007,99],{"class":98},[84,74009,3711],{"class":185},[84,74011,4928],{"class":189},[84,74013,3711],{"class":185},[84,74015,106],{"class":98},[84,74017,4211],{"class":185},[84,74019,4937],{"class":189},[84,74021,3711],{"class":185},[84,74023,106],{"class":98},[84,74025,4211],{"class":185},[84,74027,34061],{"class":189},[84,74029,3711],{"class":185},[84,74031,122],{"class":98},[84,74033,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74035,27865],{"class":633},[84,74037,6808],{"class":90},[84,74039,182],{"class":98},[84,74041,103],{"class":102},[84,74043,122],{"class":98},[84,74045,74046,74048,74050,74052],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74047,156],{"class":133},[84,74049,137],{"class":98},[84,74051,8649],{"class":146},[84,74053,150],{"class":98},[20,74055,172],{},[75,74057,74058],{"className":77,"code":73803,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,74059,74060],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74061,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74063,182],{"class":98},[84,74065,186],{"class":185},[84,74067,4928],{"class":189},[84,74069,186],{"class":185},[84,74071,106],{"class":98},[84,74073,196],{"class":185},[84,74075,34061],{"class":189},[84,74077,186],{"class":185},[84,74079,122],{"class":98},[20,74081,74082,74083,74085,74086,74088],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,74084,103],{},", not the value ",[15,74087,66091],{}," directly.",[20,74090,74091,74092,307],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[303,74093,55884],{"href":55883},[70,74095,3686],{"id":3685},[20,74097,22054,74098,3743],{},[15,74099,56344],{},[30,74101,74102,74105,74110,74117,74126],{},[33,74103,74104],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,74106,9291,74107,74109],{},[15,74108,56344],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,74111,13438,74112,74114,74115],{},[15,74113,56344],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,74116,4630],{},[33,74118,595,74119,45447,74121,3736,74123,74125],{},[15,74120,56344],{},[15,74122,13605],{},[15,74124,27865],{}," would be a better fit",[33,74127,74128],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,74130,72320],{},[75,74132,74134],{"className":77,"code":74133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,74135,74136,74146,74160,74178,74192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74139,156],{"class":133},[84,74141,137],{"class":98},[84,74143,9178],{"class":146},[84,74145,150],{"class":98},[84,74147,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74149,156],{"class":133},[84,74151,137],{"class":98},[84,74153,3304],{"class":146},[84,74155,1434],{"class":633},[84,74157,9234],{"class":146},[84,74159,150],{"class":98},[84,74161,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74163,156],{"class":133},[84,74165,137],{"class":98},[84,74167,9178],{"class":146},[84,74169,307],{"class":98},[84,74171,42077],{"class":146},[84,74173,137],{"class":98},[84,74175,3329],{"class":146},[84,74177,169],{"class":98},[84,74179,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,74181,156],{"class":133},[84,74183,137],{"class":98},[84,74185,2624],{"class":140},[84,74187,137],{"class":98},[84,74189,9178],{"class":146},[84,74191,169],{"class":98},[84,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,74195,32994],{"class":133},[84,74197,137],{"class":98},[84,74199,161],{"class":140},[84,74201,307],{"class":98},[84,74203,35633],{"class":25590},[84,74205,150],{"class":98},[20,74207,74208],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,74210,74211,74214,74217,74220],{},[33,74212,74213],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,74215,74216],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,74218,74219],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,74221,74222],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,74224,74225,74226,74228],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[303,74227,72484],{"href":59781}," may also help.",[70,74230,2694],{"id":2693},[995,74232,74234],{"id":74233},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,74236,74237],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[995,74239,74241],{"id":74240},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,74243,5993,74244,74246],{},[15,74245,4630],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[995,74248,74250],{"id":74249},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,74252,74253,74254,74257,74258,307],{},"Check with ",[15,74255,74256],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,74259,56344],{},[995,74261,74263],{"id":74262},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,74265,224,74266,74268,74269,74271],{},[15,74267,56344],{}," for a value and ",[15,74270,13605],{}," for an index.",[70,74273,2751],{"id":2750},[30,74275,74276,74280,74284,74288,74292],{},[33,74277,74278],{},[303,74279,56330],{"href":55883},[33,74281,74282],{},[303,74283,73957],{"href":55895},[33,74285,74286],{},[303,74287,72484],{"href":59781},[33,74289,74290],{},[303,74291,66655],{"href":73692},[33,74293,74294],{},[303,74295,74297],{"href":74296},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2785,74299,74300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":74302},[74303,74304,74305,74306,74307,74308,74309,74310,74311,74312,74318],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":72629,"depth":125,"text":72630},{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274},{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":73082,"depth":125,"text":73083},{"id":66445,"depth":125,"text":66446},{"id":73695,"depth":125,"text":73696},{"id":73960,"depth":125,"text":73961},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":74313},[74314,74315,74316,74317],{"id":74233,"depth":153,"text":74234},{"id":74240,"depth":153,"text":74241},{"id":74249,"depth":153,"text":74250},{"id":74262,"depth":153,"text":74263},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72532,"description":74319},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74326,"title":74327,"body":74328,"description":76219,"extension":2830,"meta":76220,"navigation":472,"path":76221,"seo":76222,"stem":76223,"__hash__":76224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74329,"toc":76189},[74330,74336,74342,74345,74356,74358,74407,74412,74417,74421,74436,74438,74503,74505,74546,74548,74550,74565,74567,74578,74580,74637,74639,74672,74674,74677,74726,74728,74753,74755,74771,74777,74784,74845,74847,74880,74885,74888,74968,74970,75031,75037,75041,75044,75108,75110,75135,75137,75157,75159,75208,75210,75231,75240,75243,75247,75252,75297,75299,75320,75326,75331,75339,75403,75405,75442,75448,75452,75459,75524,75526,75563,75567,75584,75594,75599,75604,75615,75622,75624,75630,75653,75656,75683,75688,75691,75792,75794,75849,75852,75959,75961,76032,76035,76061,76063,76068,76072,76080,76085,76090,76096,76101,76105,76108,76125,76128,76148,76156,76158,76186],[10,74331,55158,74333,12166],{"id":74332},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74334,74335],{},"reverse()",[20,74337,74338,74341],{},[15,74339,74340],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74343,74344],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74346,74347,74348,74350,74351,74355],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74349,74335],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[303,74352,74354],{"href":74353},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[70,74357,4464],{"id":4463},[75,74359,74361],{"className":77,"code":74360,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74362,74363,74383,74394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74364,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74366,91],{"class":90},[84,74368,95],{"class":94},[84,74370,99],{"class":98},[84,74372,103],{"class":102},[84,74374,106],{"class":98},[84,74376,109],{"class":102},[84,74378,106],{"class":98},[84,74380,114],{"class":102},[84,74382,122],{"class":98},[84,74384,74385,74387,74389,74392],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74386,535],{"class":90},[84,74388,307],{"class":98},[84,74390,74391],{"class":146},"reverse",[84,74393,9482],{"class":98},[84,74395,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74397,156],{"class":133},[84,74399,137],{"class":98},[84,74401,535],{"class":146},[84,74403,1970],{"class":98},[84,74405,74406],{"class":4517},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74408,74409,74411],{},[15,74410,74335],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[70,74413,235,74415,238],{"id":74414},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74416,74340],{},[20,74418,74419,3743],{},[15,74420,74340],{},[30,74422,74423,74426,74429,74433],{},[33,74424,74425],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,74427,74428],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,74430,12268,74431],{},[15,74432,4630],{},[33,74434,74435],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74437,814],{},[75,74439,74441],{"className":77,"code":74440,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74442,74443,74483,74493],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74446,36928],{"class":90},[84,74448,95],{"class":94},[84,74450,99],{"class":98},[84,74452,3711],{"class":185},[84,74454,303],{"class":189},[84,74456,3711],{"class":185},[84,74458,106],{"class":98},[84,74460,4211],{"class":185},[84,74462,5608],{"class":189},[84,74464,3711],{"class":185},[84,74466,106],{"class":98},[84,74468,4211],{"class":185},[84,74470,10580],{"class":189},[84,74472,3711],{"class":185},[84,74474,106],{"class":98},[84,74476,4211],{"class":185},[84,74478,19609],{"class":189},[84,74480,3711],{"class":185},[84,74482,122],{"class":98},[84,74484,74485,74487,74489,74491],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74486,36981],{"class":90},[84,74488,307],{"class":98},[84,74490,74391],{"class":146},[84,74492,9482],{"class":98},[84,74494,74495,74497,74499,74501],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74496,156],{"class":133},[84,74498,137],{"class":98},[84,74500,36981],{"class":146},[84,74502,150],{"class":98},[20,74504,172],{},[75,74506,74508],{"className":77,"code":74507,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74509,74510],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74511,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74513,182],{"class":98},[84,74515,186],{"class":185},[84,74517,19609],{"class":189},[84,74519,186],{"class":185},[84,74521,106],{"class":98},[84,74523,196],{"class":185},[84,74525,10580],{"class":189},[84,74527,186],{"class":185},[84,74529,106],{"class":98},[84,74531,196],{"class":185},[84,74533,5608],{"class":189},[84,74535,186],{"class":185},[84,74537,106],{"class":98},[84,74539,196],{"class":185},[84,74541,303],{"class":189},[84,74543,186],{"class":185},[84,74545,122],{"class":98},[70,74547,311],{"id":310},[20,74549,3023],{},[75,74551,74553],{"className":77,"code":74552,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74554,74555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74556,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74558,9178],{"class":90},[84,74560,307],{"class":98},[84,74562,74391],{"class":146},[84,74564,9482],{"class":98},[20,74566,13895],{},[30,74568,74569,74572,74575],{},[33,74570,74571],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,74573,74574],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,74576,74577],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74579,814],{},[75,74581,74583],{"className":77,"code":74582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74584,74585,74617,74627],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74586,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74588,13919],{"class":90},[84,74590,95],{"class":94},[84,74592,99],{"class":98},[84,74594,3711],{"class":185},[84,74596,13936],{"class":189},[84,74598,3711],{"class":185},[84,74600,106],{"class":98},[84,74602,4211],{"class":185},[84,74604,18296],{"class":189},[84,74606,3711],{"class":185},[84,74608,106],{"class":98},[84,74610,4211],{"class":185},[84,74612,13953],{"class":189},[84,74614,3711],{"class":185},[84,74616,122],{"class":98},[84,74618,74619,74621,74623,74625],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74620,18343],{"class":90},[84,74622,307],{"class":98},[84,74624,74391],{"class":146},[84,74626,9482],{"class":98},[84,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74630,156],{"class":133},[84,74632,137],{"class":98},[84,74634,18343],{"class":146},[84,74636,150],{"class":98},[20,74638,172],{},[75,74640,74642],{"className":77,"code":74641,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74643,74644],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74645,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74647,182],{"class":98},[84,74649,186],{"class":185},[84,74651,13953],{"class":189},[84,74653,186],{"class":185},[84,74655,106],{"class":98},[84,74657,196],{"class":185},[84,74659,18296],{"class":189},[84,74661,186],{"class":185},[84,74663,106],{"class":98},[84,74665,196],{"class":185},[84,74667,13936],{"class":189},[84,74669,186],{"class":185},[84,74671,122],{"class":98},[70,74673,418],{"id":417},[20,74675,74676],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[75,74678,74680],{"className":77,"code":74679,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74681,74682,74706,74716],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74685,91],{"class":90},[84,74687,95],{"class":94},[84,74689,99],{"class":98},[84,74691,437],{"class":102},[84,74693,106],{"class":98},[84,74695,442],{"class":102},[84,74697,106],{"class":98},[84,74699,447],{"class":102},[84,74701,106],{"class":98},[84,74703,51659],{"class":102},[84,74705,122],{"class":98},[84,74707,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74709,535],{"class":90},[84,74711,307],{"class":98},[84,74713,74391],{"class":146},[84,74715,9482],{"class":98},[84,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74719,156],{"class":133},[84,74721,137],{"class":98},[84,74723,535],{"class":146},[84,74725,150],{"class":98},[20,74727,172],{},[75,74729,74731],{"className":77,"code":74730,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74732,74733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74734,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749,74751],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74736,182],{"class":98},[84,74738,57508],{"class":102},[84,74740,106],{"class":98},[84,74742,447],{"class":102},[84,74744,106],{"class":98},[84,74746,442],{"class":102},[84,74748,106],{"class":98},[84,74750,6847],{"class":102},[84,74752,122],{"class":98},[20,74754,528],{},[30,74756,74757,74763,74768],{},[33,74758,74759,74760],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74761,74762],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,74764,74765,74767],{},[15,74766,74335],{}," flips the order",[33,74769,74770],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[70,74772,74774,74776],{"id":74773},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74775,74335],{}," changes the original list",[20,74778,74779,74780,74783],{},"This method is ",[53,74781,74782],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[75,74785,74787],{"className":77,"code":74786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74788,74789,74821,74831,74835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74790,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74792,37076],{"class":90},[84,74794,95],{"class":94},[84,74796,99],{"class":98},[84,74798,3711],{"class":185},[84,74800,4928],{"class":189},[84,74802,3711],{"class":185},[84,74804,106],{"class":98},[84,74806,4211],{"class":185},[84,74808,4937],{"class":189},[84,74810,3711],{"class":185},[84,74812,106],{"class":98},[84,74814,4211],{"class":185},[84,74816,4946],{"class":189},[84,74818,3711],{"class":185},[84,74820,122],{"class":98},[84,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74824,37128],{"class":90},[84,74826,307],{"class":98},[84,74828,74391],{"class":146},[84,74830,9482],{"class":98},[84,74832,74833],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74834,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,74836,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,74838,156],{"class":133},[84,74840,137],{"class":98},[84,74842,37128],{"class":146},[84,74844,150],{"class":98},[20,74846,172],{},[75,74848,74850],{"className":77,"code":74849,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74851,74852],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74853,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74855,182],{"class":98},[84,74857,186],{"class":185},[84,74859,4946],{"class":189},[84,74861,186],{"class":185},[84,74863,106],{"class":98},[84,74865,196],{"class":185},[84,74867,4937],{"class":189},[84,74869,186],{"class":185},[84,74871,106],{"class":98},[84,74873,196],{"class":185},[84,74875,4928],{"class":189},[84,74877,186],{"class":185},[84,74879,122],{"class":98},[20,74881,224,74882,74884],{},[15,74883,74335],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74886,74887],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[75,74889,74891],{"className":77,"code":74890,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74892,74893,74925,74943,74947,74957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74894,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74896,37076],{"class":90},[84,74898,95],{"class":94},[84,74900,99],{"class":98},[84,74902,3711],{"class":185},[84,74904,4928],{"class":189},[84,74906,3711],{"class":185},[84,74908,106],{"class":98},[84,74910,4211],{"class":185},[84,74912,4937],{"class":189},[84,74914,3711],{"class":185},[84,74916,106],{"class":98},[84,74918,4211],{"class":185},[84,74920,4946],{"class":189},[84,74922,3711],{"class":185},[84,74924,122],{"class":98},[84,74926,74927,74930,74932,74934,74937,74939,74941],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,74928,74929],{"class":90},"reversed_fruits ",[84,74931,95],{"class":94},[84,74933,53668],{"class":90},[84,74935,74936],{"class":98},"[::",[84,74938,2888],{"class":94},[84,74940,103],{"class":102},[84,74942,122],{"class":98},[84,74944,74945],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,74946,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,74948,74949,74951,74953,74955],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,74950,156],{"class":133},[84,74952,137],{"class":98},[84,74954,37128],{"class":146},[84,74956,150],{"class":98},[84,74958,74959,74961,74963,74966],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,74960,156],{"class":133},[84,74962,137],{"class":98},[84,74964,74965],{"class":146},"reversed_fruits",[84,74967,150],{"class":98},[20,74969,172],{},[75,74971,74973],{"className":77,"code":74972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74974,74975,75003],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,74978,182],{"class":98},[84,74980,186],{"class":185},[84,74982,4928],{"class":189},[84,74984,186],{"class":185},[84,74986,106],{"class":98},[84,74988,196],{"class":185},[84,74990,4937],{"class":189},[84,74992,186],{"class":185},[84,74994,106],{"class":98},[84,74996,196],{"class":185},[84,74998,4946],{"class":189},[84,75000,186],{"class":185},[84,75002,122],{"class":98},[84,75004,75005,75007,75009,75011,75013,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75006,182],{"class":98},[84,75008,186],{"class":185},[84,75010,4946],{"class":189},[84,75012,186],{"class":185},[84,75014,106],{"class":98},[84,75016,196],{"class":185},[84,75018,4937],{"class":189},[84,75020,186],{"class":185},[84,75022,106],{"class":98},[84,75024,196],{"class":185},[84,75026,4928],{"class":189},[84,75028,186],{"class":185},[84,75030,122],{"class":98},[20,75032,75033,75034,307],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[303,75035,75036],{"href":74353},"Python list slicing explained",[70,75038,75040],{"id":75039},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,75042,75043],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[75,75045,75047],{"className":77,"code":75046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75048,75049,75069,75083,75087,75098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75050,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75052,91],{"class":90},[84,75054,95],{"class":94},[84,75056,99],{"class":98},[84,75058,103],{"class":102},[84,75060,106],{"class":98},[84,75062,109],{"class":102},[84,75064,106],{"class":98},[84,75066,114],{"class":102},[84,75068,122],{"class":98},[84,75070,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75072,56705],{"class":90},[84,75074,95],{"class":94},[84,75076,147],{"class":90},[84,75078,307],{"class":98},[84,75080,74391],{"class":146},[84,75082,9482],{"class":98},[84,75084,75085],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75086,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75088,75089,75091,75093,75096],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75090,156],{"class":133},[84,75092,137],{"class":98},[84,75094,75095],{"class":146},"new_list",[84,75097,150],{"class":98},[84,75099,75100,75102,75104,75106],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,75101,156],{"class":133},[84,75103,137],{"class":98},[84,75105,535],{"class":146},[84,75107,150],{"class":98},[20,75109,172],{},[75,75111,75113],{"className":77,"code":75112,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75114,75115,75119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75116,75117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75118,12651],{"class":4704},[84,75120,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75122,182],{"class":98},[84,75124,208],{"class":102},[84,75126,106],{"class":98},[84,75128,109],{"class":102},[84,75130,106],{"class":98},[84,75132,6341],{"class":102},[84,75134,122],{"class":98},[20,75136,12743],{},[30,75138,75139,75147,75151],{},[33,75140,75141,75143,75144,75146],{},[15,75142,74335],{}," changes ",[15,75145,535],{}," directly",[33,75148,41723,75149,72653],{},[53,75150,55],{},[33,75152,573,75153,551,75155],{},[15,75154,75095],{},[15,75156,4630],{},[20,75158,62715],{},[75,75160,75162],{"className":77,"code":75161,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75163,75164,75184,75194,75198],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75167,91],{"class":90},[84,75169,95],{"class":94},[84,75171,99],{"class":98},[84,75173,103],{"class":102},[84,75175,106],{"class":98},[84,75177,109],{"class":102},[84,75179,106],{"class":98},[84,75181,114],{"class":102},[84,75183,122],{"class":98},[84,75185,75186,75188,75190,75192],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75187,535],{"class":90},[84,75189,307],{"class":98},[84,75191,74391],{"class":146},[84,75193,9482],{"class":98},[84,75195,75196],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75197,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75199,75200,75202,75204,75206],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75201,156],{"class":133},[84,75203,137],{"class":98},[84,75205,535],{"class":146},[84,75207,150],{"class":98},[20,75209,172],{},[75,75211,75213],{"className":77,"code":75212,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75214,75215],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75216,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75218,182],{"class":98},[84,75220,208],{"class":102},[84,75222,106],{"class":98},[84,75224,109],{"class":102},[84,75226,106],{"class":98},[84,75228,6341],{"class":102},[84,75230,122],{"class":98},[70,75232,75234,11427,75236,75239],{"id":75233},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,75235,74335],{},[15,75237,75238],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,75241,75242],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[995,75244,75245],{"id":74391},[15,75246,74335],{},[20,75248,75249,75251],{},[15,75250,74335],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[75,75253,75255],{"className":77,"code":75254,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75256,75257,75277,75287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75258,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75260,91],{"class":90},[84,75262,95],{"class":94},[84,75264,99],{"class":98},[84,75266,208],{"class":102},[84,75268,106],{"class":98},[84,75270,6341],{"class":102},[84,75272,106],{"class":98},[84,75274,109],{"class":102},[84,75276,122],{"class":98},[84,75278,75279,75281,75283,75285],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75280,535],{"class":90},[84,75282,307],{"class":98},[84,75284,74391],{"class":146},[84,75286,9482],{"class":98},[84,75288,75289,75291,75293,75295],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75290,156],{"class":133},[84,75292,137],{"class":98},[84,75294,535],{"class":146},[84,75296,150],{"class":98},[20,75298,172],{},[75,75300,75302],{"className":77,"code":75301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75303,75304],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75305,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75307,182],{"class":98},[84,75309,199],{"class":102},[84,75311,106],{"class":98},[84,75313,6341],{"class":102},[84,75315,106],{"class":98},[84,75317,114],{"class":102},[84,75319,122],{"class":98},[20,75321,75322,75323,75325],{},"Notice that this is ",[53,75324,55],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[995,75327,75329],{"id":75328},"sorted",[15,75330,75238],{},[20,75332,75333,75338],{},[303,75334,75336],{"href":75335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75337,75238],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[75,75340,75342],{"className":77,"code":75341,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75343,75344,75364,75379,75383,75393],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75345,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75347,91],{"class":90},[84,75349,95],{"class":94},[84,75351,99],{"class":98},[84,75353,208],{"class":102},[84,75355,106],{"class":98},[84,75357,6341],{"class":102},[84,75359,106],{"class":98},[84,75361,109],{"class":102},[84,75363,122],{"class":98},[84,75365,75366,75368,75370,75373,75375,75377],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75367,128],{"class":90},[84,75369,95],{"class":94},[84,75371,75372],{"class":133}," sorted",[84,75374,137],{"class":98},[84,75376,535],{"class":146},[84,75378,150],{"class":98},[84,75380,75381],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75382,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75384,75385,75387,75389,75391],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75386,156],{"class":133},[84,75388,137],{"class":98},[84,75390,535],{"class":146},[84,75392,150],{"class":98},[84,75394,75395,75397,75399,75401],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,75396,156],{"class":133},[84,75398,137],{"class":98},[84,75400,166],{"class":146},[84,75402,150],{"class":98},[20,75404,172],{},[75,75406,75408],{"className":77,"code":75407,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75409,75410,75426],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75411,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422,75424],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75413,182],{"class":98},[84,75415,208],{"class":102},[84,75417,106],{"class":98},[84,75419,6341],{"class":102},[84,75421,106],{"class":98},[84,75423,109],{"class":102},[84,75425,122],{"class":98},[84,75427,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75429,182],{"class":98},[84,75431,103],{"class":102},[84,75433,106],{"class":98},[84,75435,109],{"class":102},[84,75437,106],{"class":98},[84,75439,114],{"class":102},[84,75441,122],{"class":98},[20,75443,75444,75445,307],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75446,75447],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[995,75449,75451],{"id":75450},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75453,75454,75455,75458],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75456,75457],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[75,75460,75462],{"className":77,"code":75461,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75463,75464,75484,75500,75504,75514],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75465,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75467,91],{"class":90},[84,75469,95],{"class":94},[84,75471,99],{"class":98},[84,75473,208],{"class":102},[84,75475,106],{"class":98},[84,75477,6341],{"class":102},[84,75479,106],{"class":98},[84,75481,109],{"class":102},[84,75483,122],{"class":98},[84,75485,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75487,128],{"class":90},[84,75489,95],{"class":94},[84,75491,147],{"class":90},[84,75493,74936],{"class":98},[84,75495,2888],{"class":94},[84,75497,103],{"class":102},[84,75499,122],{"class":98},[84,75501,75502],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75503,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75505,75506,75508,75510,75512],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75507,156],{"class":133},[84,75509,137],{"class":98},[84,75511,535],{"class":146},[84,75513,150],{"class":98},[84,75515,75516,75518,75520,75522],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,75517,156],{"class":133},[84,75519,137],{"class":98},[84,75521,166],{"class":146},[84,75523,150],{"class":98},[20,75525,172],{},[75,75527,75529],{"className":77,"code":75528,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75530,75531,75547],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75532,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75534,182],{"class":98},[84,75536,208],{"class":102},[84,75538,106],{"class":98},[84,75540,6341],{"class":102},[84,75542,106],{"class":98},[84,75544,109],{"class":102},[84,75546,122],{"class":98},[84,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75550,182],{"class":98},[84,75552,199],{"class":102},[84,75554,106],{"class":98},[84,75556,6341],{"class":102},[84,75558,106],{"class":98},[84,75560,114],{"class":102},[84,75562,122],{"class":98},[995,75564,75566],{"id":75565},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,75568,75569,75574,75579],{},[33,75570,224,75571,75573],{},[15,75572,74335],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,75575,224,75576,75578],{},[15,75577,75457],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,75580,224,75581,75583],{},[15,75582,75238],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75585,75586,75587,75593],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[303,75588,75590,75591,11583],{"href":75589},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75592,65129],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[70,75595,1741,75597],{"id":75596},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75598,74335],{},[20,75600,75601,75603],{},[15,75602,74335],{}," is a good choice:",[30,75605,75606,75609,75612],{},[33,75607,75608],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,75610,75611],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,75613,75614],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75616,75617,75618,307],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[303,75619,75621],{"href":75620},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[70,75623,3686],{"id":3685},[20,75625,75626,75627,75629],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75628,74335],{}," for these reasons:",[30,75631,75632,75636,75641,75646],{},[33,75633,13438,75634,13441],{},[15,75635,74335],{},[33,75637,9291,75638,75640],{},[15,75639,74335],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,75642,595,75643,75645],{},[15,75644,74335],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,75647,38041,75648,9544,75650],{},[15,75649,74335],{},[15,75651,75652],{},"reversed()",[20,75654,75655],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[75,75657,75659],{"className":77,"code":75658,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75660,75661,75673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75662,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75664,35526],{"class":90},[84,75666,95],{"class":94},[84,75668,4211],{"class":185},[84,75670,4697],{"class":189},[84,75672,4217],{"class":185},[84,75674,75675,75677,75679,75681],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75676,35547],{"class":90},[84,75678,307],{"class":98},[84,75680,74391],{"class":146},[84,75682,9482],{"class":98},[20,75684,75685,75686,34441],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75687,74335],{},[20,75689,75690],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[75,75692,75694],{"className":77,"code":75693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75695,75696,75716,75720,75730,75744,75748,75762,75772,75776],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75697,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75699,9147],{"class":90},[84,75701,95],{"class":94},[84,75703,99],{"class":98},[84,75705,103],{"class":102},[84,75707,106],{"class":98},[84,75709,109],{"class":102},[84,75711,106],{"class":98},[84,75713,114],{"class":102},[84,75715,122],{"class":98},[84,75717,75718],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75719,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75721,75722,75724,75726,75728],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75723,156],{"class":133},[84,75725,137],{"class":98},[84,75727,9178],{"class":146},[84,75729,150],{"class":98},[84,75731,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75733,156],{"class":133},[84,75735,137],{"class":98},[84,75737,2624],{"class":140},[84,75739,137],{"class":98},[84,75741,9178],{"class":146},[84,75743,169],{"class":98},[84,75745,75746],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,75747,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75749,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,75751,128],{"class":90},[84,75753,95],{"class":94},[84,75755,9234],{"class":90},[84,75757,307],{"class":98},[84,75759,74391],{"class":146},[84,75761,9482],{"class":98},[84,75763,75764,75766,75768,75770],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,75765,156],{"class":133},[84,75767,137],{"class":98},[84,75769,166],{"class":146},[84,75771,150],{"class":98},[84,75773,75774],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,75775,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,75779,156],{"class":133},[84,75781,137],{"class":98},[84,75783,9178],{"class":146},[84,75785,74936],{"class":98},[84,75787,2888],{"class":94},[84,75789,103],{"class":102},[84,75791,4737],{"class":98},[20,75793,172],{},[75,75795,75797],{"className":77,"code":75796,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75798,75799,75815,75829,75833],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75800,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75802,182],{"class":98},[84,75804,103],{"class":102},[84,75806,106],{"class":98},[84,75808,109],{"class":102},[84,75810,106],{"class":98},[84,75812,114],{"class":102},[84,75814,122],{"class":98},[84,75816,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75818,1251],{"class":94},[84,75820,4152],{"class":614},[84,75822,196],{"class":185},[84,75824,161],{"class":189},[84,75826,186],{"class":185},[84,75828,1270],{"class":94},[84,75830,75831],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75832,12651],{"class":4704},[84,75834,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75836,182],{"class":98},[84,75838,103],{"class":102},[84,75840,106],{"class":98},[84,75842,109],{"class":102},[84,75844,106],{"class":98},[84,75846,6341],{"class":102},[84,75848,122],{"class":98},[20,75850,75851],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[75,75853,75855],{"className":77,"code":75854,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75856,75857,75877,75881,75891,75905,75909,75923,75933,75943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75858,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75860,9147],{"class":90},[84,75862,95],{"class":94},[84,75864,99],{"class":98},[84,75866,103],{"class":102},[84,75868,106],{"class":98},[84,75870,109],{"class":102},[84,75872,106],{"class":98},[84,75874,114],{"class":102},[84,75876,122],{"class":98},[84,75878,75879],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75880,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75882,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75884,156],{"class":133},[84,75886,137],{"class":98},[84,75888,9178],{"class":146},[84,75890,150],{"class":98},[84,75892,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,75894,156],{"class":133},[84,75896,137],{"class":98},[84,75898,2624],{"class":140},[84,75900,137],{"class":98},[84,75902,9178],{"class":146},[84,75904,169],{"class":98},[84,75906,75907],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,75908,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,75910,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,75912,128],{"class":90},[84,75914,95],{"class":94},[84,75916,9234],{"class":90},[84,75918,307],{"class":98},[84,75920,74391],{"class":146},[84,75922,9482],{"class":98},[84,75924,75925,75927,75929,75931],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,75926,156],{"class":133},[84,75928,137],{"class":98},[84,75930,166],{"class":146},[84,75932,150],{"class":98},[84,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,75936,156],{"class":133},[84,75938,137],{"class":98},[84,75940,9178],{"class":146},[84,75942,150],{"class":98},[84,75944,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,75946,156],{"class":133},[84,75948,137],{"class":98},[84,75950,9178],{"class":146},[84,75952,74936],{"class":98},[84,75954,2888],{"class":94},[84,75956,103],{"class":102},[84,75958,4737],{"class":98},[20,75960,172],{},[75,75962,75964],{"className":77,"code":75963,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75965,75966,75982,75996,76000,76016],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,75967,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,75969,182],{"class":98},[84,75971,103],{"class":102},[84,75973,106],{"class":98},[84,75975,109],{"class":102},[84,75977,106],{"class":98},[84,75979,114],{"class":102},[84,75981,122],{"class":98},[84,75983,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,75985,1251],{"class":94},[84,75987,4152],{"class":614},[84,75989,196],{"class":185},[84,75991,161],{"class":189},[84,75993,186],{"class":185},[84,75995,1270],{"class":94},[84,75997,75998],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,75999,12651],{"class":4704},[84,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76003,182],{"class":98},[84,76005,208],{"class":102},[84,76007,106],{"class":98},[84,76009,109],{"class":102},[84,76011,106],{"class":98},[84,76013,6341],{"class":102},[84,76015,122],{"class":98},[84,76017,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,76019,182],{"class":98},[84,76021,103],{"class":102},[84,76023,106],{"class":98},[84,76025,109],{"class":102},[84,76027,106],{"class":98},[84,76029,114],{"class":102},[84,76031,122],{"class":98},[20,76033,76034],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,76036,76037,76046,76055],{},[33,76038,28636,76039,76042,76043],{},[15,76040,76041],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,76044,76045],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,76047,12759,76048,76051,76052,1636],{},[15,76049,76050],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[53,76053,76054],{},"current",[33,76056,76057,76058],{},"So it prints ",[15,76059,76060],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[70,76062,2694],{"id":2693},[995,76064,2698,76066,56284],{"id":76065},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,76067,74340],{},[20,76069,63420,76070,307],{},[15,76071,4630],{},[995,76073,35044,76075,35047,76077,3348],{"id":76074},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,76076,74335],{},[15,76078,76079],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,76081,76082,76084],{},[15,76083,74335],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,76086,76087,76089],{},[15,76088,76079],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[995,76091,29169,76093,76095],{"id":76092},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,76094,74335],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,76097,47182,76098,76100],{},[15,76099,74335],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[995,76102,76104],{"id":76103},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,76106,76107],{},"Use slicing:",[75,76109,76111],{"className":77,"code":76110,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,76112,76113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76114,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76116,9178],{"class":90},[84,76118,74936],{"class":98},[84,76120,2888],{"class":94},[84,76122,103],{"class":102},[84,76124,122],{"class":98},[20,76126,76127],{},"Or use:",[75,76129,76131],{"className":77,"code":76130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,76132,76133],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76134,76135,76137,76139,76142,76144,76146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76136,161],{"class":140},[84,76138,137],{"class":98},[84,76140,76141],{"class":133},"reversed",[84,76143,137],{"class":98},[84,76145,9178],{"class":146},[84,76147,169],{"class":98},[20,76149,76150,76151,76155],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[303,76152,56335,76153],{"href":55776},[15,76154,13619],{}," can also help.",[70,76157,2751],{"id":2750},[30,76159,76160,76166,76172,76176,76180],{},[33,76161,76162],{},[303,76163,56335,76164,11583],{"href":75589},[15,76165,65129],{},[33,76167,76168],{},[303,76169,13,76170,591],{"href":75335},[15,76171,75238],{},[33,76173,76174],{},[303,76175,75621],{"href":75620},[33,76177,76178],{},[303,76179,75036],{"href":74353},[33,76181,76182],{},[303,76183,56335,76184,11583],{"href":55776},[15,76185,13619],{},[2785,76187,76188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":76190},[76191,76192,76194,76195,76196,76198,76199,76206,76208,76209,76218],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":74414,"depth":125,"text":76193},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":74773,"depth":125,"text":76197},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":75039,"depth":125,"text":75040},{"id":75233,"depth":125,"text":76200,"children":76201},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[76202,76203,76204,76205],{"id":74391,"depth":153,"text":74335},{"id":75328,"depth":153,"text":75238},{"id":75450,"depth":153,"text":75451},{"id":75565,"depth":153,"text":75566},{"id":75596,"depth":125,"text":76207},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":76210},[76211,76213,76215,76217],{"id":76065,"depth":153,"text":76212},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":76074,"depth":153,"text":76214},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":76092,"depth":153,"text":76216},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":76103,"depth":153,"text":76104},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74327,"description":76219},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":76226,"title":76227,"body":76228,"description":78660,"extension":2830,"meta":78661,"navigation":472,"path":78662,"seo":78663,"stem":78664,"__hash__":78665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":76229,"toc":78628},[76230,76233,76245,76248,76271,76279,76281,76393,76402,76406,76409,76412,76499,76501,76534,76536,76559,76565,76569,76572,76594,76596,76613,76616,76636,76638,76748,76750,76827,76831,76834,76876,76878,77011,77013,77115,77120,77124,77127,77129,77143,77146,77260,77262,77336,77338,77366,77370,77375,77405,77408,77534,77536,77618,77624,77628,77630,77669,77678,77682,77685,77689,77736,77738,77746,77750,77801,77803,77816,77818,77832,77835,77843,77845,77892,77894,77902,77905,77948,77953,77956,77959,77982,77986,78037,78040,78061,78071,78075,78077,78107,78110,78133,78137,78140,78207,78209,78246,78249,78257,78324,78326,78363,78369,78376,78380,78383,78413,78418,78422,78425,78449,78452,78546,78556,78558,78562,78565,78569,78572,78577,78580,78586,78589,78591,78619,78625],[10,76231,76227],{"id":76232},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,76234,76235,76236,362,76238,17912,76241,76244],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,76237,36910],{},[15,76239,76240],{},"stop",[15,76242,76243],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,76246,76247],{},"The basic slice form is:",[75,76249,76251],{"className":77,"code":76250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,76252,76253],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76254,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76256,9178],{"class":90},[84,76258,182],{"class":98},[84,76260,36910],{"class":90},[84,76262,3743],{"class":98},[84,76264,76240],{"class":90},[84,76266,3743],{"class":98},[84,76268,76243],{"class":90},[84,76270,122],{"class":98},[20,76272,76273,76274,76276,76277,307],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,76275,76240],{}," position is ",[53,76278,65886],{},[70,76280,73],{"id":72},[75,76282,76284],{"className":77,"code":76283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76285,76286,76314,76318,76339,76357,76374],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76287,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76289,91],{"class":90},[84,76291,95],{"class":94},[84,76293,99],{"class":98},[84,76295,437],{"class":102},[84,76297,106],{"class":98},[84,76299,442],{"class":102},[84,76301,106],{"class":98},[84,76303,447],{"class":102},[84,76305,106],{"class":98},[84,76307,51659],{"class":102},[84,76309,106],{"class":98},[84,76311,5928],{"class":102},[84,76313,122],{"class":98},[84,76315,76316],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,76317,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,76319,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,76321,156],{"class":133},[84,76323,137],{"class":98},[84,76325,535],{"class":146},[84,76327,182],{"class":98},[84,76329,103],{"class":102},[84,76331,3743],{"class":98},[84,76333,217],{"class":102},[84,76335,21288],{"class":98},[84,76337,76338],{"class":4517},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[84,76340,76341,76343,76345,76347,76350,76352,76354],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76342,156],{"class":133},[84,76344,137],{"class":98},[84,76346,535],{"class":146},[84,76348,76349],{"class":98},"[:",[84,76351,208],{"class":102},[84,76353,21288],{"class":98},[84,76355,76356],{"class":4517},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[84,76358,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,76360,156],{"class":133},[84,76362,137],{"class":98},[84,76364,535],{"class":146},[84,76366,74936],{"class":98},[84,76368,199],{"class":102},[84,76370,21288],{"class":98},[84,76372,76373],{"class":4517},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[84,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,76377,156],{"class":133},[84,76379,137],{"class":98},[84,76381,535],{"class":146},[84,76383,74936],{"class":98},[84,76385,2888],{"class":94},[84,76387,103],{"class":102},[84,76389,21288],{"class":98},[84,76391,76392],{"class":4517},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76394,224,76395,76398,76399,76401],{},[15,76396,76397],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76400,76240],{}," value is not included.",[70,76403,76405],{"id":76404},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76407,76408],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76410,76411],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[75,76413,76415],{"className":77,"code":76414,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76416,76417,76465,76469,76488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76418,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76420,36928],{"class":90},[84,76422,95],{"class":94},[84,76424,99],{"class":98},[84,76426,3711],{"class":185},[84,76428,303],{"class":189},[84,76430,3711],{"class":185},[84,76432,106],{"class":98},[84,76434,4211],{"class":185},[84,76436,5608],{"class":189},[84,76438,3711],{"class":185},[84,76440,106],{"class":98},[84,76442,4211],{"class":185},[84,76444,10580],{"class":189},[84,76446,3711],{"class":185},[84,76448,106],{"class":98},[84,76450,4211],{"class":185},[84,76452,19609],{"class":189},[84,76454,3711],{"class":185},[84,76456,106],{"class":98},[84,76458,4211],{"class":185},[84,76460,61264],{"class":189},[84,76462,3711],{"class":185},[84,76464,122],{"class":98},[84,76466,76467],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,76468,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,76470,76471,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,76472,76473],{"class":90},"part ",[84,76475,95],{"class":94},[84,76477,70910],{"class":90},[84,76479,182],{"class":98},[84,76481,103],{"class":102},[84,76483,3743],{"class":98},[84,76485,217],{"class":102},[84,76487,122],{"class":98},[84,76489,76490,76492,76494,76497],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76491,156],{"class":133},[84,76493,137],{"class":98},[84,76495,76496],{"class":146},"part",[84,76498,150],{"class":98},[20,76500,172],{},[75,76502,76504],{"className":77,"code":76503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76505,76506],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76507,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76509,182],{"class":98},[84,76511,186],{"class":185},[84,76513,5608],{"class":189},[84,76515,186],{"class":185},[84,76517,106],{"class":98},[84,76519,196],{"class":185},[84,76521,10580],{"class":189},[84,76523,186],{"class":185},[84,76525,106],{"class":98},[84,76527,196],{"class":185},[84,76529,19609],{"class":189},[84,76531,186],{"class":185},[84,76533,122],{"class":98},[20,76535,13895],{},[30,76537,76538,76541,76544,76550,76556],{},[33,76539,76540],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,76542,76543],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,76545,76546,76547],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76548,76549],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,76551,76552,76553,76555],{},"The item at ",[15,76554,76240],{}," is not included",[33,76557,76558],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76560,76561,76562,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[303,76563,76564],{"href":51795},"beginner guide to Python lists",[70,76566,76568],{"id":76567},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76570,76571],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[75,76573,76574],{"className":77,"code":76250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,76575,76576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76577,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76579,9178],{"class":90},[84,76581,182],{"class":98},[84,76583,36910],{"class":90},[84,76585,3743],{"class":98},[84,76587,76240],{"class":90},[84,76589,3743],{"class":98},[84,76591,76243],{"class":90},[84,76593,122],{"class":98},[20,76595,65862],{},[30,76597,76598,76603,76608],{},[33,76599,76600,76602],{},[15,76601,36910],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,76604,76605,76607],{},[15,76606,76240],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,76609,76610,76612],{},[15,76611,76243],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76614,76615],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,76617,76618,76624,76629],{},[33,76619,76620,76621,76623],{},"Missing ",[15,76622,36910],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,76625,76620,76626,76628],{},[15,76627,76240],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,76630,76620,76631,76633,76634],{},[15,76632,76243],{}," means use ",[15,76635,103],{},[20,76637,814],{},[75,76639,76641],{"className":77,"code":76640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76642,76643,76671,76675,76696,76713,76731],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76644,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76646,91],{"class":90},[84,76648,95],{"class":94},[84,76650,99],{"class":98},[84,76652,437],{"class":102},[84,76654,106],{"class":98},[84,76656,442],{"class":102},[84,76658,106],{"class":98},[84,76660,447],{"class":102},[84,76662,106],{"class":98},[84,76664,51659],{"class":102},[84,76666,106],{"class":98},[84,76668,5928],{"class":102},[84,76670,122],{"class":98},[84,76672,76673],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,76674,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,76678,156],{"class":133},[84,76680,137],{"class":98},[84,76682,535],{"class":146},[84,76684,182],{"class":98},[84,76686,103],{"class":102},[84,76688,3743],{"class":98},[84,76690,217],{"class":102},[84,76692,21288],{"class":98},[84,76694,76695],{"class":4517},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[84,76697,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76699,156],{"class":133},[84,76701,137],{"class":98},[84,76703,535],{"class":146},[84,76705,76349],{"class":98},[84,76707,208],{"class":102},[84,76709,21288],{"class":98},[84,76711,76712],{"class":4517},"    # start from the beginning\n",[84,76714,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76728],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,76716,156],{"class":133},[84,76718,137],{"class":98},[84,76720,535],{"class":146},[84,76722,182],{"class":98},[84,76724,199],{"class":102},[84,76726,76727],{"class":98},":])",[84,76729,76730],{"class":4517},"    # go to the end\n",[84,76732,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,76734,156],{"class":133},[84,76736,137],{"class":98},[84,76738,535],{"class":146},[84,76740,74936],{"class":98},[84,76742,103],{"class":102},[84,76744,21288],{"class":98},[84,76746,76747],{"class":4517},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76749,172],{},[75,76751,76753],{"className":77,"code":76752,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76754,76755,76771,76787,76803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76756,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76758,182],{"class":98},[84,76760,512],{"class":102},[84,76762,106],{"class":98},[84,76764,447],{"class":102},[84,76766,106],{"class":98},[84,76768,51659],{"class":102},[84,76770,122],{"class":98},[84,76772,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,76774,182],{"class":98},[84,76776,437],{"class":102},[84,76778,106],{"class":98},[84,76780,442],{"class":102},[84,76782,106],{"class":98},[84,76784,447],{"class":102},[84,76786,122],{"class":98},[84,76788,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,76790,182],{"class":98},[84,76792,521],{"class":102},[84,76794,106],{"class":98},[84,76796,51659],{"class":102},[84,76798,106],{"class":98},[84,76800,5928],{"class":102},[84,76802,122],{"class":98},[84,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76806,182],{"class":98},[84,76808,437],{"class":102},[84,76810,106],{"class":98},[84,76812,442],{"class":102},[84,76814,106],{"class":98},[84,76816,447],{"class":102},[84,76818,106],{"class":98},[84,76820,51659],{"class":102},[84,76822,106],{"class":98},[84,76824,5928],{"class":102},[84,76826,122],{"class":98},[70,76828,76830],{"id":76829},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76832,76833],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,76835,76836,76844,76853,76864,76870],{},[33,76837,76838,76841,76842,6808],{},[15,76839,76840],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76843,1967],{},[33,76845,76846,76849,76850,76852],{},[15,76847,76848],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76851,1967],{}," to the end",[33,76854,76855,76858,76859,76861,76862],{},[15,76856,76857],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76860,303],{}," up to ",[15,76863,5608],{},[33,76865,76866,76869],{},[15,76867,76868],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,76871,76872,76875],{},[15,76873,76874],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76877,814],{},[75,76879,76881],{"className":77,"code":76880,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76882,76883,76916,76920,76937,76954,76975,76992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,76884,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,76886,91],{"class":90},[84,76888,95],{"class":94},[84,76890,99],{"class":98},[84,76892,437],{"class":102},[84,76894,106],{"class":98},[84,76896,442],{"class":102},[84,76898,106],{"class":98},[84,76900,447],{"class":102},[84,76902,106],{"class":98},[84,76904,51659],{"class":102},[84,76906,106],{"class":98},[84,76908,5928],{"class":102},[84,76910,106],{"class":98},[84,76912,76913],{"class":102}," 60",[84,76915,122],{"class":98},[84,76917,76918],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,76919,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,76921,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,76923,156],{"class":133},[84,76925,137],{"class":98},[84,76927,535],{"class":146},[84,76929,76349],{"class":98},[84,76931,208],{"class":102},[84,76933,21288],{"class":98},[84,76935,76936],{"class":4517},"    # first 3 items\n",[84,76938,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,76940,156],{"class":133},[84,76942,137],{"class":98},[84,76944,535],{"class":146},[84,76946,182],{"class":98},[84,76948,208],{"class":102},[84,76950,76727],{"class":98},[84,76952,76953],{"class":4517},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[84,76955,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,76957,156],{"class":133},[84,76959,137],{"class":98},[84,76961,535],{"class":146},[84,76963,182],{"class":98},[84,76965,103],{"class":102},[84,76967,3743],{"class":98},[84,76969,3000],{"class":102},[84,76971,21288],{"class":98},[84,76973,76974],{"class":4517},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[84,76976,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,76978,156],{"class":133},[84,76980,137],{"class":98},[84,76982,535],{"class":146},[84,76984,74936],{"class":98},[84,76986,199],{"class":102},[84,76988,21288],{"class":98},[84,76990,76991],{"class":4517},"   # every second item\n",[84,76993,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,76995,156],{"class":133},[84,76997,137],{"class":98},[84,76999,535],{"class":146},[84,77001,74936],{"class":98},[84,77003,2888],{"class":94},[84,77005,103],{"class":102},[84,77007,21288],{"class":98},[84,77009,77010],{"class":4517},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,77012,172],{},[75,77014,77016],{"className":77,"code":77015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,77017,77018,77034,77050,77070,77086],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77019,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77021,182],{"class":98},[84,77023,437],{"class":102},[84,77025,106],{"class":98},[84,77027,442],{"class":102},[84,77029,106],{"class":98},[84,77031,447],{"class":102},[84,77033,122],{"class":98},[84,77035,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77037,182],{"class":98},[84,77039,57508],{"class":102},[84,77041,106],{"class":98},[84,77043,5928],{"class":102},[84,77045,106],{"class":98},[84,77047,76913],{"class":102},[84,77049,122],{"class":98},[84,77051,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77053,182],{"class":98},[84,77055,512],{"class":102},[84,77057,106],{"class":98},[84,77059,447],{"class":102},[84,77061,106],{"class":98},[84,77063,51659],{"class":102},[84,77065,106],{"class":98},[84,77067,5928],{"class":102},[84,77069,122],{"class":98},[84,77071,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,77073,182],{"class":98},[84,77075,437],{"class":102},[84,77077,106],{"class":98},[84,77079,447],{"class":102},[84,77081,106],{"class":98},[84,77083,5928],{"class":102},[84,77085,122],{"class":98},[84,77087,77088,77090,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,77089,182],{"class":98},[84,77091,77092],{"class":102},"60",[84,77094,106],{"class":98},[84,77096,5928],{"class":102},[84,77098,106],{"class":98},[84,77100,51659],{"class":102},[84,77102,106],{"class":98},[84,77104,447],{"class":102},[84,77106,106],{"class":98},[84,77108,442],{"class":102},[84,77110,106],{"class":98},[84,77112,6847],{"class":102},[84,77114,122],{"class":98},[20,77116,77117,77118,307],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[303,77119,15732],{"href":58035},[70,77121,77123],{"id":77122},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,77125,77126],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,77128,6315],{},[30,77130,77131,77137],{},[33,77132,77133,77136],{},[15,77134,77135],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,77138,77139,77142],{},[15,77140,77141],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,77144,77145],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[75,77147,77149],{"className":77,"code":77148,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,77150,77151,77199,77203,77222,77241],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77154,36928],{"class":90},[84,77156,95],{"class":94},[84,77158,99],{"class":98},[84,77160,3711],{"class":185},[84,77162,303],{"class":189},[84,77164,3711],{"class":185},[84,77166,106],{"class":98},[84,77168,4211],{"class":185},[84,77170,5608],{"class":189},[84,77172,3711],{"class":185},[84,77174,106],{"class":98},[84,77176,4211],{"class":185},[84,77178,10580],{"class":189},[84,77180,3711],{"class":185},[84,77182,106],{"class":98},[84,77184,4211],{"class":185},[84,77186,19609],{"class":189},[84,77188,3711],{"class":185},[84,77190,106],{"class":98},[84,77192,4211],{"class":185},[84,77194,61264],{"class":189},[84,77196,3711],{"class":185},[84,77198,122],{"class":98},[84,77200,77201],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77202,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77204,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77206,156],{"class":133},[84,77208,137],{"class":98},[84,77210,36981],{"class":146},[84,77212,182],{"class":98},[84,77214,2888],{"class":94},[84,77216,103],{"class":102},[84,77218,21288],{"class":98},[84,77220,77221],{"class":4517},"    # last item\n",[84,77223,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,77225,156],{"class":133},[84,77227,137],{"class":98},[84,77229,36981],{"class":146},[84,77231,182],{"class":98},[84,77233,2888],{"class":94},[84,77235,208],{"class":102},[84,77237,76727],{"class":98},[84,77239,77240],{"class":4517},"   # last 3 items\n",[84,77242,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,77244,156],{"class":133},[84,77246,137],{"class":98},[84,77248,36981],{"class":146},[84,77250,76349],{"class":98},[84,77252,2888],{"class":94},[84,77254,103],{"class":102},[84,77256,21288],{"class":98},[84,77258,77259],{"class":4517},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,77261,172],{},[75,77263,77265],{"className":77,"code":77264,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,77266,77267,77272,77300],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77268,77269],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77270,77271],{"class":90},"e\n",[84,77273,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77275,182],{"class":98},[84,77277,186],{"class":185},[84,77279,10580],{"class":189},[84,77281,186],{"class":185},[84,77283,106],{"class":98},[84,77285,196],{"class":185},[84,77287,19609],{"class":189},[84,77289,186],{"class":185},[84,77291,106],{"class":98},[84,77293,196],{"class":185},[84,77295,61264],{"class":189},[84,77297,186],{"class":185},[84,77299,122],{"class":98},[84,77301,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77303,182],{"class":98},[84,77305,186],{"class":185},[84,77307,303],{"class":189},[84,77309,186],{"class":185},[84,77311,106],{"class":98},[84,77313,196],{"class":185},[84,77315,5608],{"class":189},[84,77317,186],{"class":185},[84,77319,106],{"class":98},[84,77321,196],{"class":185},[84,77323,10580],{"class":189},[84,77325,186],{"class":185},[84,77327,106],{"class":98},[84,77329,196],{"class":185},[84,77331,19609],{"class":189},[84,77333,186],{"class":185},[84,77335,122],{"class":98},[20,77337,13895],{},[30,77339,77340,77343,77347,77353,77359],{},[33,77341,77342],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,77344,77345,77136],{},[15,77346,77135],{},[33,77348,77349,77352],{},[15,77350,77351],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,77354,77355,77358],{},[15,77356,77357],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,77360,77361,77362,5241,77364],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77363,36910],{},[15,77365,76240],{},[70,77367,77369],{"id":77368},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77371,2847,77372,77374],{},[15,77373,76243],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,77376,77377,77380,77383,77388,77398],{},[33,77378,77379],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,77381,77382],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,77384,77385,77387],{},[15,77386,76874],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,77389,2583,77390,77392,77393,77395,77396],{},[15,77391,76243],{}," is negative, ",[15,77394,36910],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77397,76240],{},[33,77399,77400,77402,77403],{},[15,77401,76243],{}," cannot be ",[15,77404,2983],{},[20,77406,77407],{},"Example with different step values:",[75,77409,77411],{"className":77,"code":77410,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77412,77413,77445,77449,77466,77488,77507],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77414,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77416,91],{"class":90},[84,77418,95],{"class":94},[84,77420,99],{"class":98},[84,77422,437],{"class":102},[84,77424,106],{"class":98},[84,77426,442],{"class":102},[84,77428,106],{"class":98},[84,77430,447],{"class":102},[84,77432,106],{"class":98},[84,77434,51659],{"class":102},[84,77436,106],{"class":98},[84,77438,5928],{"class":102},[84,77440,106],{"class":98},[84,77442,76913],{"class":102},[84,77444,122],{"class":98},[84,77446,77447],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77448,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77450,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77452,156],{"class":133},[84,77454,137],{"class":98},[84,77456,535],{"class":146},[84,77458,74936],{"class":98},[84,77460,199],{"class":102},[84,77462,21288],{"class":98},[84,77464,77465],{"class":4517},"     # every second item\n",[84,77467,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77481,77483,77485],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,77469,156],{"class":133},[84,77471,137],{"class":98},[84,77473,535],{"class":146},[84,77475,182],{"class":98},[84,77477,103],{"class":102},[84,77479,77480],{"class":98},"::",[84,77482,199],{"class":102},[84,77484,21288],{"class":98},[84,77486,77487],{"class":4517},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[84,77489,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,77491,156],{"class":133},[84,77493,137],{"class":98},[84,77495,535],{"class":146},[84,77497,74936],{"class":98},[84,77499,2888],{"class":94},[84,77501,103],{"class":102},[84,77503,21288],{"class":98},[84,77505,77506],{"class":4517},"    # reverse the list\n",[84,77508,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,77510,156],{"class":133},[84,77512,137],{"class":98},[84,77514,535],{"class":146},[84,77516,182],{"class":98},[84,77518,217],{"class":102},[84,77520,3743],{"class":98},[84,77522,103],{"class":102},[84,77524,3743],{"class":98},[84,77526,2888],{"class":94},[84,77528,103],{"class":102},[84,77530,21288],{"class":98},[84,77532,77533],{"class":4517},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77535,172],{},[75,77537,77539],{"className":77,"code":77538,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77540,77541,77557,77573,77601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77542,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77544,182],{"class":98},[84,77546,437],{"class":102},[84,77548,106],{"class":98},[84,77550,447],{"class":102},[84,77552,106],{"class":98},[84,77554,5928],{"class":102},[84,77556,122],{"class":98},[84,77558,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77560,182],{"class":98},[84,77562,512],{"class":102},[84,77564,106],{"class":98},[84,77566,51659],{"class":102},[84,77568,106],{"class":98},[84,77570,76913],{"class":102},[84,77572,122],{"class":98},[84,77574,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77576,182],{"class":98},[84,77578,77092],{"class":102},[84,77580,106],{"class":98},[84,77582,5928],{"class":102},[84,77584,106],{"class":98},[84,77586,51659],{"class":102},[84,77588,106],{"class":98},[84,77590,447],{"class":102},[84,77592,106],{"class":98},[84,77594,442],{"class":102},[84,77596,106],{"class":98},[84,77598,6847],{"class":102},[84,77600,122],{"class":98},[84,77602,77603,77605,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,77604,182],{"class":98},[84,77606,77607],{"class":102},"50",[84,77609,106],{"class":98},[84,77611,51659],{"class":102},[84,77613,106],{"class":98},[84,77615,447],{"class":102},[84,77617,122],{"class":98},[20,77619,77620,77621,307],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[303,77622,77623],{"href":75620},"how to reverse a list in Python",[995,77625,77627],{"id":77626},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77629,3693],{},[75,77631,77633],{"className":77,"code":77632,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77634,77635,77655],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651,77653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77638,91],{"class":90},[84,77640,95],{"class":94},[84,77642,99],{"class":98},[84,77644,103],{"class":102},[84,77646,106],{"class":98},[84,77648,109],{"class":102},[84,77650,106],{"class":98},[84,77652,114],{"class":102},[84,77654,122],{"class":98},[84,77656,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77658,156],{"class":133},[84,77660,137],{"class":98},[84,77662,535],{"class":146},[84,77664,74936],{"class":98},[84,77666,2983],{"class":102},[84,77668,4737],{"class":98},[20,77670,77671,77672,77674,77675,77677],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77673,41521],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77676,2983],{}," does not make sense.",[70,77679,77681],{"id":77680},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77683,77684],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[995,77686,77688],{"id":77687},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[75,77690,77692],{"className":77,"code":77691,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77693,77694,77718,77722],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77695,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77697,91],{"class":90},[84,77699,95],{"class":94},[84,77701,99],{"class":98},[84,77703,437],{"class":102},[84,77705,106],{"class":98},[84,77707,442],{"class":102},[84,77709,106],{"class":98},[84,77711,447],{"class":102},[84,77713,106],{"class":98},[84,77715,51659],{"class":102},[84,77717,122],{"class":98},[84,77719,77720],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77721,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77723,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77725,156],{"class":133},[84,77727,137],{"class":98},[84,77729,535],{"class":146},[84,77731,182],{"class":98},[84,77733,199],{"class":102},[84,77735,4737],{"class":98},[20,77737,172],{},[75,77739,77740],{"className":77,"code":70654,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,77741,77742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77743,77744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77745,70654],{"class":102},[995,77747,77749],{"id":77748},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[75,77751,77753],{"className":77,"code":77752,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77754,77755,77779,77783],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77756,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77758,91],{"class":90},[84,77760,95],{"class":94},[84,77762,99],{"class":98},[84,77764,437],{"class":102},[84,77766,106],{"class":98},[84,77768,442],{"class":102},[84,77770,106],{"class":98},[84,77772,447],{"class":102},[84,77774,106],{"class":98},[84,77776,51659],{"class":102},[84,77778,122],{"class":98},[84,77780,77781],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77782,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77786,156],{"class":133},[84,77788,137],{"class":98},[84,77790,535],{"class":146},[84,77792,182],{"class":98},[84,77794,199],{"class":102},[84,77796,3743],{"class":98},[84,77798,208],{"class":102},[84,77800,4737],{"class":98},[20,77802,172],{},[75,77804,77806],{"className":77,"code":77805,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[30]\n",[15,77807,77808],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77809,77810,77812,77814],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77811,182],{"class":98},[84,77813,521],{"class":102},[84,77815,122],{"class":98},[20,77817,14607],{},[30,77819,77820,77826],{},[33,77821,77822,77825],{},[15,77823,77824],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,77827,77828,77831],{},[15,77829,77830],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77833,77834],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,77836,77837,77840],{},[33,77838,77839],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,77841,77842],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77844,814],{},[75,77846,77848],{"className":77,"code":77847,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77849,77850,77870,77874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77851,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77853,91],{"class":90},[84,77855,95],{"class":94},[84,77857,99],{"class":98},[84,77859,437],{"class":102},[84,77861,106],{"class":98},[84,77863,442],{"class":102},[84,77865,106],{"class":98},[84,77867,447],{"class":102},[84,77869,122],{"class":98},[84,77871,77872],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77873,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77875,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77877,156],{"class":133},[84,77879,137],{"class":98},[84,77881,535],{"class":146},[84,77883,182],{"class":98},[84,77885,3000],{"class":102},[84,77887,3743],{"class":98},[84,77889,437],{"class":102},[84,77891,4737],{"class":98},[20,77893,172],{},[75,77895,77896],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,77897,77898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77899,77900],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77901,1596],{"class":98},[20,77903,77904],{},"But this would raise an error:",[75,77906,77908],{"className":77,"code":77907,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77909,77910,77930,77934],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77911,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77913,91],{"class":90},[84,77915,95],{"class":94},[84,77917,99],{"class":98},[84,77919,437],{"class":102},[84,77921,106],{"class":98},[84,77923,442],{"class":102},[84,77925,106],{"class":98},[84,77927,447],{"class":102},[84,77929,122],{"class":98},[84,77931,77932],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,77933,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,77935,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,77937,156],{"class":133},[84,77939,137],{"class":98},[84,77941,535],{"class":146},[84,77943,182],{"class":98},[84,77945,3000],{"class":102},[84,77947,4737],{"class":98},[20,77949,77950,77951,307],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[303,77952,70073],{"href":70072},[70,77954,16020],{"id":77955},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77957,77958],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,77960,77961,77965,77967,77970,77976],{},[33,77962,5551,77963,76555],{},[15,77964,76240],{},[33,77966,61509],{},[33,77968,77969],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,77971,38041,77972,9544,77974],{},[15,77973,76874],{},[15,77975,74340],{},[33,77977,77978,77979,77981],{},"Using step ",[15,77980,2983],{},", which causes an error",[995,77983,77985],{"id":77984},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[75,77987,77989],{"className":77,"code":77988,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77990,77991,78019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,77992,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,77994,91],{"class":90},[84,77996,95],{"class":94},[84,77998,99],{"class":98},[84,78000,437],{"class":102},[84,78002,106],{"class":98},[84,78004,442],{"class":102},[84,78006,106],{"class":98},[84,78008,447],{"class":102},[84,78010,106],{"class":98},[84,78012,51659],{"class":102},[84,78014,106],{"class":98},[84,78016,5928],{"class":102},[84,78018,122],{"class":98},[84,78020,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78022,156],{"class":133},[84,78024,137],{"class":98},[84,78026,535],{"class":146},[84,78028,182],{"class":98},[84,78030,103],{"class":102},[84,78032,3743],{"class":98},[84,78034,217],{"class":102},[84,78036,4737],{"class":98},[20,78038,78039],{},"This returns:",[75,78041,78043],{"className":77,"code":78042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78044,78045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78046,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78048,182],{"class":98},[84,78050,512],{"class":102},[84,78052,106],{"class":98},[84,78054,447],{"class":102},[84,78056,106],{"class":98},[84,78058,51659],{"class":102},[84,78060,122],{"class":98},[20,78062,41723,78063,78065,78066,78068,78069,307],{},[53,78064,55],{}," include ",[15,78067,77607],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,78070,217],{},[995,78072,78074],{"id":78073},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,78076,2155],{},[75,78078,78080],{"className":77,"code":78079,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,78081,78082,78102],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78083,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78085,91],{"class":90},[84,78087,95],{"class":94},[84,78089,99],{"class":98},[84,78091,437],{"class":102},[84,78093,106],{"class":98},[84,78095,442],{"class":102},[84,78097,106],{"class":98},[84,78099,447],{"class":102},[84,78101,122],{"class":98},[84,78103,78104],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78105,78106],{"class":4517},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,78108,78109],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[75,78111,78113],{"className":77,"code":78112,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,78114,78115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78118,156],{"class":133},[84,78120,137],{"class":98},[84,78122,535],{"class":146},[84,78124,182],{"class":98},[84,78126,103],{"class":102},[84,78128,3743],{"class":98},[84,78130,208],{"class":102},[84,78132,4737],{"class":98},[995,78134,78136],{"id":78135},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,78138,78139],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[75,78141,78143],{"className":77,"code":78142,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78144,78145,78169,78183,78187,78197],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78146,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78148,91],{"class":90},[84,78150,95],{"class":94},[84,78152,99],{"class":98},[84,78154,437],{"class":102},[84,78156,106],{"class":98},[84,78158,442],{"class":102},[84,78160,106],{"class":98},[84,78162,447],{"class":102},[84,78164,106],{"class":98},[84,78166,51659],{"class":102},[84,78168,122],{"class":98},[84,78170,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78172,76473],{"class":90},[84,78174,95],{"class":94},[84,78176,147],{"class":90},[84,78178,76349],{"class":98},[84,78180,199],{"class":102},[84,78182,122],{"class":98},[84,78184,78185],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78186,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,78188,78189,78191,78193,78195],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,78190,156],{"class":133},[84,78192,137],{"class":98},[84,78194,76496],{"class":146},[84,78196,150],{"class":98},[84,78198,78199,78201,78203,78205],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,78200,156],{"class":133},[84,78202,137],{"class":98},[84,78204,535],{"class":146},[84,78206,150],{"class":98},[20,78208,172],{},[75,78210,78212],{"className":77,"code":78211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78213,78214,78226],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78215,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78217,182],{"class":98},[84,78219,437],{"class":102},[84,78221,106],{"class":98},[84,78223,442],{"class":102},[84,78225,122],{"class":98},[84,78227,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78229,182],{"class":98},[84,78231,437],{"class":102},[84,78233,106],{"class":98},[84,78235,442],{"class":102},[84,78237,106],{"class":98},[84,78239,447],{"class":102},[84,78241,106],{"class":98},[84,78243,51659],{"class":102},[84,78245,122],{"class":98},[20,78247,78248],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[995,78250,78252,78253,9544,78255],{"id":78251},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,78254,76874],{},[15,78256,74340],{},[75,78258,78260],{"className":77,"code":78259,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78261,78262,78282,78286,78303,78314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78265,91],{"class":90},[84,78267,95],{"class":94},[84,78269,99],{"class":98},[84,78271,437],{"class":102},[84,78273,106],{"class":98},[84,78275,442],{"class":102},[84,78277,106],{"class":98},[84,78279,447],{"class":102},[84,78281,122],{"class":98},[84,78283,78284],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78285,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,78287,78288,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78289,78290],{"class":90},"reversed_copy ",[84,78292,95],{"class":94},[84,78294,147],{"class":90},[84,78296,74936],{"class":98},[84,78298,2888],{"class":94},[84,78300,103],{"class":102},[84,78302,122],{"class":98},[84,78304,78305,78307,78309,78312],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,78306,156],{"class":133},[84,78308,137],{"class":98},[84,78310,78311],{"class":146},"reversed_copy",[84,78313,150],{"class":98},[84,78315,78316,78318,78320,78322],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,78317,156],{"class":133},[84,78319,137],{"class":98},[84,78321,535],{"class":146},[84,78323,150],{"class":98},[20,78325,172],{},[75,78327,78329],{"className":77,"code":78328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78330,78331,78347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78332,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78334,182],{"class":98},[84,78336,521],{"class":102},[84,78338,106],{"class":98},[84,78340,442],{"class":102},[84,78342,106],{"class":98},[84,78344,6847],{"class":102},[84,78346,122],{"class":98},[84,78348,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78350,182],{"class":98},[84,78352,437],{"class":102},[84,78354,106],{"class":98},[84,78356,442],{"class":102},[84,78358,106],{"class":98},[84,78360,447],{"class":102},[84,78362,122],{"class":98},[20,78364,78365,78368],{},[15,78366,78367],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78370,78371,78372,78375],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78373,78374],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[995,78377,78379],{"id":78378},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78381,78382],{},"This is not allowed:",[75,78384,78386],{"className":77,"code":78385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78387,78388,78408],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78389,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78391,91],{"class":90},[84,78393,95],{"class":94},[84,78395,99],{"class":98},[84,78397,437],{"class":102},[84,78399,106],{"class":98},[84,78401,442],{"class":102},[84,78403,106],{"class":98},[84,78405,447],{"class":102},[84,78407,122],{"class":98},[84,78409,78410],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78411,78412],{"class":4517},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78414,78415,78416,307],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78417,41521],{},[70,78419,78421],{"id":78420},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78423,78424],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,78426,78427,78434,78440,78443,78446],{},[33,78428,38041,78429,5241,78431,78433],{},[15,78430,36910],{},[15,78432,76240],{}," positions",[33,78435,78436,78437,78439],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78438,76240],{}," index is included",[33,78441,78442],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,78444,78445],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,78447,78448],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78450,78451],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[75,78453,78455],{"className":77,"code":78454,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78456,78457,78467,78481,78499,78513,78530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78458,78459,78461,78463,78465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78460,156],{"class":133},[84,78462,137],{"class":98},[84,78464,9178],{"class":146},[84,78466,150],{"class":98},[84,78468,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78470,156],{"class":133},[84,78472,137],{"class":98},[84,78474,12005],{"class":133},[84,78476,137],{"class":98},[84,78478,9178],{"class":146},[84,78480,169],{"class":98},[84,78482,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78484,156],{"class":133},[84,78486,137],{"class":98},[84,78488,9178],{"class":146},[84,78490,182],{"class":98},[84,78492,103],{"class":102},[84,78494,3743],{"class":98},[84,78496,217],{"class":102},[84,78498,4737],{"class":98},[84,78500,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,78502,156],{"class":133},[84,78504,137],{"class":98},[84,78506,9178],{"class":146},[84,78508,76349],{"class":98},[84,78510,208],{"class":102},[84,78512,4737],{"class":98},[84,78514,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,78516,156],{"class":133},[84,78518,137],{"class":98},[84,78520,9178],{"class":146},[84,78522,182],{"class":98},[84,78524,2888],{"class":94},[84,78526,208],{"class":102},[84,78528,78529],{"class":98},":])\n",[84,78531,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,78533,156],{"class":133},[84,78535,137],{"class":98},[84,78537,9178],{"class":146},[84,78539,74936],{"class":98},[84,78541,2888],{"class":94},[84,78543,103],{"class":102},[84,78545,4737],{"class":98},[20,78547,595,78548,78550,78551,78555],{},[15,78549,43178],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[303,78552,78554],{"href":78553},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[70,78557,2694],{"id":2693},[995,78559,78561],{"id":78560},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78563,78564],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[995,78566,78568],{"id":78567},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78570,78571],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[995,78573,5987,78575,40780],{"id":78574},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78576,76874],{},[20,78578,78579],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[995,78581,78583,78584,3348],{"id":78582},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78585,71545],{},[20,78587,78588],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[70,78590,2751],{"id":2750},[30,78592,78593,78598,78603,78607,78611,78615],{},[33,78594,78595],{},[303,78596,78597],{"href":51795},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,78599,78600],{},[303,78601,78602],{"href":57969},"How to create a list in Python",[33,78604,78605],{},[303,78606,15808],{"href":58035},[33,78608,78609],{},[303,78610,75621],{"href":75620},[33,78612,78613],{},[303,78614,78554],{"href":78553},[33,78616,78617],{},[303,78618,70073],{"href":70072},[20,78620,78621,78622,78624],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78623,43178],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2785,78626,78627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":78629},[78630,78631,78632,78633,78634,78635,78638,78642,78650,78651,78659],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":76404,"depth":125,"text":76405},{"id":76567,"depth":125,"text":76568},{"id":76829,"depth":125,"text":76830},{"id":77122,"depth":125,"text":77123},{"id":77368,"depth":125,"text":77369,"children":78636},[78637],{"id":77626,"depth":153,"text":77627},{"id":77680,"depth":125,"text":77681,"children":78639},[78640,78641],{"id":77687,"depth":153,"text":77688},{"id":77748,"depth":153,"text":77749},{"id":77955,"depth":125,"text":16020,"children":78643},[78644,78645,78646,78647,78649],{"id":77984,"depth":153,"text":77985},{"id":78073,"depth":153,"text":78074},{"id":78135,"depth":153,"text":78136},{"id":78251,"depth":153,"text":78648},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78378,"depth":153,"text":78379},{"id":78420,"depth":125,"text":78421},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":78652},[78653,78654,78655,78657],{"id":78560,"depth":153,"text":78561},{"id":78567,"depth":153,"text":78568},{"id":78574,"depth":153,"text":78656},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78582,"depth":153,"text":78658},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":76227,"description":78660},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78667,"title":78668,"body":78669,"description":80738,"extension":2830,"meta":80739,"navigation":472,"path":80740,"seo":80741,"stem":80742,"__hash__":80743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78670,"toc":80704},[78671,78676,78682,78688,78690,78737,78744,78749,78753,78768,78771,78824,78826,78851,78856,78858,78890,78893,78909,78911,78972,78974,78999,79003,79008,79061,79063,79088,79093,79154,79156,79181,79184,79191,79195,79198,79259,79261,79294,79297,79358,79360,79393,79399,79472,79474,79506,79513,79518,79523,79525,79537,79540,79618,79620,79661,79664,79738,79740,79773,79778,79785,79792,79796,79805,79809,79817,79819,79886,79888,79924,79929,79940,79942,79947,79952,79954,80017,80019,80044,80051,80056,80060,80063,80103,80108,80114,80119,80121,80148,80153,80156,80203,80205,80262,80269,80274,80280,80349,80353,80356,80419,80421,80454,80459,80461,80464,80545,80547,80571,80577,80579,80584,80588,80595,80603,80607,80609,80632,80636,80638,80665,80668,80675,80678,80680,80701],[10,78672,55158,78674,12166],{"id":78673},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78675,65129],{},[20,78677,78678,78681],{},[15,78679,78680],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78683,78684,78685,78687],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78686,65129],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[70,78689,73],{"id":72},[75,78691,78693],{"className":77,"code":78692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78694,78695,78715,78725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78698,91],{"class":90},[84,78700,95],{"class":94},[84,78702,99],{"class":98},[84,78704,208],{"class":102},[84,78706,106],{"class":98},[84,78708,6341],{"class":102},[84,78710,106],{"class":98},[84,78712,109],{"class":102},[84,78714,122],{"class":98},[84,78716,78717,78719,78721,78723],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78718,535],{"class":90},[84,78720,307],{"class":98},[84,78722,35638],{"class":146},[84,78724,9482],{"class":98},[84,78726,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78728,156],{"class":133},[84,78730,137],{"class":98},[84,78732,535],{"class":146},[84,78734,1970],{"class":98},[84,78736,55748],{"class":4517},[20,78738,224,78739,78741,78742,307],{},[15,78740,78680],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78743,4630],{},[70,78745,235,78747,238],{"id":78746},"what-listsort-does",[15,78748,78680],{},[20,78750,78751,3743],{},[15,78752,78680],{},[30,78754,78755,78758,78761,78765],{},[33,78756,78757],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,78759,78760],{},"Changes the original list",[33,78762,12268,78763],{},[15,78764,4630],{},[33,78766,78767],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78769,78770],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[75,78772,78774],{"className":77,"code":78773,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78775,78776,78800,78810,78814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78777,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78779,91],{"class":90},[84,78781,95],{"class":94},[84,78783,99],{"class":98},[84,78785,3000],{"class":102},[84,78787,106],{"class":98},[84,78789,109],{"class":102},[84,78791,106],{"class":98},[84,78793,54952],{"class":102},[84,78795,106],{"class":98},[84,78797,6341],{"class":102},[84,78799,122],{"class":98},[84,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78803,535],{"class":90},[84,78805,307],{"class":98},[84,78807,35638],{"class":146},[84,78809,9482],{"class":98},[84,78811,78812],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78813,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,78815,78816,78818,78820,78822],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,78817,156],{"class":133},[84,78819,137],{"class":98},[84,78821,535],{"class":146},[84,78823,150],{"class":98},[20,78825,172],{},[75,78827,78829],{"className":77,"code":78828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78830,78831],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78832,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78834,182],{"class":98},[84,78836,103],{"class":102},[84,78838,106],{"class":98},[84,78840,109],{"class":102},[84,78842,106],{"class":98},[84,78844,5452],{"class":102},[84,78846,106],{"class":98},[84,78848,54952],{"class":102},[84,78850,122],{"class":98},[20,78852,78853,78854,307],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[303,78855,67893],{"href":51795},[70,78857,311],{"id":310},[75,78859,78861],{"className":77,"code":78860,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78862,78863],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78864,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78884,78886,78888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78866,9178],{"class":90},[84,78868,307],{"class":98},[84,78870,35638],{"class":146},[84,78872,137],{"class":98},[84,78874,15685],{"class":10015},[84,78876,95],{"class":94},[84,78878,4630],{"class":4704},[84,78880,106],{"class":98},[84,78882,78883],{"class":10015}," reverse",[84,78885,95],{"class":94},[84,78887,4528],{"class":4704},[84,78889,150],{"class":98},[20,78891,78892],{},"Main arguments:",[30,78894,78895,78900,78906],{},[33,78896,78897,78899],{},[15,78898,15685],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,78901,78902,78905],{},[15,78903,78904],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,78907,78908],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78910,814],{},[75,78912,78914],{"className":77,"code":78913,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78915,78916,78940,78958,78962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78919,91],{"class":90},[84,78921,95],{"class":94},[84,78923,99],{"class":98},[84,78925,217],{"class":102},[84,78927,106],{"class":98},[84,78929,6341],{"class":102},[84,78931,106],{"class":98},[84,78933,6836],{"class":102},[84,78935,106],{"class":98},[84,78937,109],{"class":102},[84,78939,122],{"class":98},[84,78941,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,78943,535],{"class":90},[84,78945,307],{"class":98},[84,78947,35638],{"class":146},[84,78949,137],{"class":98},[84,78951,74391],{"class":10015},[84,78953,95],{"class":94},[84,78955,4459],{"class":4704},[84,78957,150],{"class":98},[84,78959,78960],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,78961,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,78963,78964,78966,78968,78970],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,78965,156],{"class":133},[84,78967,137],{"class":98},[84,78969,535],{"class":146},[84,78971,150],{"class":98},[20,78973,172],{},[75,78975,78977],{"className":77,"code":78976,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78978,78979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,78982,182],{"class":98},[84,78984,2891],{"class":102},[84,78986,106],{"class":98},[84,78988,119],{"class":102},[84,78990,106],{"class":98},[84,78992,109],{"class":102},[84,78994,106],{"class":98},[84,78996,6341],{"class":102},[84,78998,122],{"class":98},[70,79000,79002],{"id":79001},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,79004,224,79005,79007],{},[15,79006,65129],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[75,79009,79011],{"className":77,"code":79010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79012,79013,79037,79047,79051],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79014,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79016,91],{"class":90},[84,79018,95],{"class":94},[84,79020,99],{"class":98},[84,79022,437],{"class":102},[84,79024,106],{"class":98},[84,79026,114],{"class":102},[84,79028,106],{"class":98},[84,79030,738],{"class":102},[84,79032,106],{"class":98},[84,79034,6341],{"class":102},[84,79036,122],{"class":98},[84,79038,79039,79041,79043,79045],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79040,535],{"class":90},[84,79042,307],{"class":98},[84,79044,35638],{"class":146},[84,79046,9482],{"class":98},[84,79048,79049],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79050,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79052,79053,79055,79057,79059],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79054,156],{"class":133},[84,79056,137],{"class":98},[84,79058,535],{"class":146},[84,79060,150],{"class":98},[20,79062,172],{},[75,79064,79066],{"className":77,"code":79065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,79067,79068],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79069,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79071,182],{"class":98},[84,79073,103],{"class":102},[84,79075,106],{"class":98},[84,79077,114],{"class":102},[84,79079,106],{"class":98},[84,79081,738],{"class":102},[84,79083,106],{"class":98},[84,79085,6847],{"class":102},[84,79087,122],{"class":98},[20,79089,224,79090,79092],{},[15,79091,78904],{}," for descending order:",[75,79094,79096],{"className":77,"code":79095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79097,79098,79122,79140,79144],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79101,91],{"class":90},[84,79103,95],{"class":94},[84,79105,99],{"class":98},[84,79107,437],{"class":102},[84,79109,106],{"class":98},[84,79111,114],{"class":102},[84,79113,106],{"class":98},[84,79115,738],{"class":102},[84,79117,106],{"class":98},[84,79119,6341],{"class":102},[84,79121,122],{"class":98},[84,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79125,535],{"class":90},[84,79127,307],{"class":98},[84,79129,35638],{"class":146},[84,79131,137],{"class":98},[84,79133,74391],{"class":10015},[84,79135,95],{"class":94},[84,79137,4459],{"class":4704},[84,79139,150],{"class":98},[84,79141,79142],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79143,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79145,79146,79148,79150,79152],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79147,156],{"class":133},[84,79149,137],{"class":98},[84,79151,535],{"class":146},[84,79153,150],{"class":98},[20,79155,172],{},[75,79157,79159],{"className":77,"code":79158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,79160,79161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79162,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79164,182],{"class":98},[84,79166,437],{"class":102},[84,79168,106],{"class":98},[84,79170,738],{"class":102},[84,79172,106],{"class":98},[84,79174,114],{"class":102},[84,79176,106],{"class":98},[84,79178,6341],{"class":102},[84,79180,122],{"class":98},[20,79182,79183],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,79185,79186,79187,307],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[303,79188,79190],{"href":79189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[70,79192,79194],{"id":79193},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,79196,79197],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[75,79199,79201],{"className":77,"code":79200,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79202,79203,79235,79245,79249],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79204,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79206,4919],{"class":90},[84,79208,95],{"class":94},[84,79210,99],{"class":98},[84,79212,3711],{"class":185},[84,79214,4937],{"class":189},[84,79216,3711],{"class":185},[84,79218,106],{"class":98},[84,79220,4211],{"class":185},[84,79222,4928],{"class":189},[84,79224,3711],{"class":185},[84,79226,106],{"class":98},[84,79228,4211],{"class":185},[84,79230,4946],{"class":189},[84,79232,3711],{"class":185},[84,79234,122],{"class":98},[84,79236,79237,79239,79241,79243],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79238,4963],{"class":90},[84,79240,307],{"class":98},[84,79242,35638],{"class":146},[84,79244,9482],{"class":98},[84,79246,79247],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79248,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79250,79251,79253,79255,79257],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79252,156],{"class":133},[84,79254,137],{"class":98},[84,79256,4963],{"class":146},[84,79258,150],{"class":98},[20,79260,172],{},[75,79262,79264],{"className":77,"code":79263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79265,79266],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79267,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79269,182],{"class":98},[84,79271,186],{"class":185},[84,79273,4928],{"class":189},[84,79275,186],{"class":185},[84,79277,106],{"class":98},[84,79279,196],{"class":185},[84,79281,4937],{"class":189},[84,79283,186],{"class":185},[84,79285,106],{"class":98},[84,79287,196],{"class":185},[84,79289,4946],{"class":189},[84,79291,186],{"class":185},[84,79293,122],{"class":98},[20,79295,79296],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[75,79298,79300],{"className":77,"code":79299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79301,79302,79334,79344,79348],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79305,4919],{"class":90},[84,79307,95],{"class":94},[84,79309,99],{"class":98},[84,79311,3711],{"class":185},[84,79313,4937],{"class":189},[84,79315,3711],{"class":185},[84,79317,106],{"class":98},[84,79319,4211],{"class":185},[84,79321,58584],{"class":189},[84,79323,3711],{"class":185},[84,79325,106],{"class":98},[84,79327,4211],{"class":185},[84,79329,4946],{"class":189},[84,79331,3711],{"class":185},[84,79333,122],{"class":98},[84,79335,79336,79338,79340,79342],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79337,4963],{"class":90},[84,79339,307],{"class":98},[84,79341,35638],{"class":146},[84,79343,9482],{"class":98},[84,79345,79346],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79347,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79349,79350,79352,79354,79356],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79351,156],{"class":133},[84,79353,137],{"class":98},[84,79355,4963],{"class":146},[84,79357,150],{"class":98},[20,79359,172],{},[75,79361,79363],{"className":77,"code":79362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79364,79365],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79366,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79368,182],{"class":98},[84,79370,186],{"class":185},[84,79372,58584],{"class":189},[84,79374,186],{"class":185},[84,79376,106],{"class":98},[84,79378,196],{"class":185},[84,79380,4937],{"class":189},[84,79382,186],{"class":185},[84,79384,106],{"class":98},[84,79386,196],{"class":185},[84,79388,4946],{"class":189},[84,79390,186],{"class":185},[84,79392,122],{"class":98},[20,79394,79395,79396,3743],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79397,79398],{},"key=str.lower",[75,79400,79402],{"className":77,"code":79401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79403,79404,79436,79458,79462],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79405,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79407,4919],{"class":90},[84,79409,95],{"class":94},[84,79411,99],{"class":98},[84,79413,3711],{"class":185},[84,79415,4937],{"class":189},[84,79417,3711],{"class":185},[84,79419,106],{"class":98},[84,79421,4211],{"class":185},[84,79423,58584],{"class":189},[84,79425,3711],{"class":185},[84,79427,106],{"class":98},[84,79429,4211],{"class":185},[84,79431,4946],{"class":189},[84,79433,3711],{"class":185},[84,79435,122],{"class":98},[84,79437,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79439,4963],{"class":90},[84,79441,307],{"class":98},[84,79443,35638],{"class":146},[84,79445,137],{"class":98},[84,79447,15685],{"class":10015},[84,79449,95],{"class":94},[84,79451,141],{"class":140},[84,79453,307],{"class":98},[84,79455,9479],{"class":25590},[84,79457,150],{"class":98},[84,79459,79460],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79461,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79463,79464,79466,79468,79470],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79465,156],{"class":133},[84,79467,137],{"class":98},[84,79469,4963],{"class":146},[84,79471,150],{"class":98},[20,79473,172],{},[75,79475,79476],{"className":77,"code":79362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,79477,79478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79479,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79481,182],{"class":98},[84,79483,186],{"class":185},[84,79485,58584],{"class":189},[84,79487,186],{"class":185},[84,79489,106],{"class":98},[84,79491,196],{"class":185},[84,79493,4937],{"class":189},[84,79495,186],{"class":185},[84,79497,106],{"class":98},[84,79499,196],{"class":185},[84,79501,4946],{"class":189},[84,79503,186],{"class":185},[84,79505,122],{"class":98},[20,79507,79508,79509,79512],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79510,79511],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[70,79514,37450,79516,37453],{"id":79515},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79517,15685],{},[20,79519,2847,79520,79522],{},[15,79521,15685],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79524,8182],{},[30,79526,79527,79532],{},[33,79528,79529,79531],{},[15,79530,12005],{}," to sort by length",[33,79533,79534,79536],{},[15,79535,79511],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79538,79539],{},"Sort words by length:",[75,79541,79543],{"className":77,"code":79542,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79544,79545,79586,79604,79608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79548,4919],{"class":90},[84,79550,95],{"class":94},[84,79552,99],{"class":98},[84,79554,3711],{"class":185},[84,79556,79557],{"class":189},"pear",[84,79559,3711],{"class":185},[84,79561,106],{"class":98},[84,79563,4211],{"class":185},[84,79565,4937],{"class":189},[84,79567,3711],{"class":185},[84,79569,106],{"class":98},[84,79571,4211],{"class":185},[84,79573,39182],{"class":189},[84,79575,3711],{"class":185},[84,79577,106],{"class":98},[84,79579,4211],{"class":185},[84,79581,4928],{"class":189},[84,79583,3711],{"class":185},[84,79585,122],{"class":98},[84,79587,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79589,4963],{"class":90},[84,79591,307],{"class":98},[84,79593,35638],{"class":146},[84,79595,137],{"class":98},[84,79597,15685],{"class":10015},[84,79599,95],{"class":94},[84,79601,12005],{"class":133},[84,79603,150],{"class":98},[84,79605,79606],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79607,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79609,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79611,156],{"class":133},[84,79613,137],{"class":98},[84,79615,4963],{"class":146},[84,79617,150],{"class":98},[20,79619,172],{},[75,79621,79623],{"className":77,"code":79622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79624,79625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79626,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79628,182],{"class":98},[84,79630,186],{"class":185},[84,79632,39182],{"class":189},[84,79634,186],{"class":185},[84,79636,106],{"class":98},[84,79638,196],{"class":185},[84,79640,79557],{"class":189},[84,79642,186],{"class":185},[84,79644,106],{"class":98},[84,79646,196],{"class":185},[84,79648,4928],{"class":189},[84,79650,186],{"class":185},[84,79652,106],{"class":98},[84,79654,196],{"class":185},[84,79656,4937],{"class":189},[84,79658,186],{"class":185},[84,79660,122],{"class":98},[20,79662,79663],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[75,79665,79667],{"className":77,"code":79666,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79668,79669,79702,79724,79728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691,79693,79695,79698,79700],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79672,4919],{"class":90},[84,79674,95],{"class":94},[84,79676,99],{"class":98},[84,79678,3711],{"class":185},[84,79680,5860],{"class":189},[84,79682,3711],{"class":185},[84,79684,106],{"class":98},[84,79686,4211],{"class":185},[84,79688,18644],{"class":189},[84,79690,3711],{"class":185},[84,79692,106],{"class":98},[84,79694,4211],{"class":185},[84,79696,79697],{"class":189},"Carol",[84,79699,3711],{"class":185},[84,79701,122],{"class":98},[84,79703,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79705,4963],{"class":90},[84,79707,307],{"class":98},[84,79709,35638],{"class":146},[84,79711,137],{"class":98},[84,79713,15685],{"class":10015},[84,79715,95],{"class":94},[84,79717,141],{"class":140},[84,79719,307],{"class":98},[84,79721,9479],{"class":25590},[84,79723,150],{"class":98},[84,79725,79726],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79727,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79729,79730,79732,79734,79736],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79731,156],{"class":133},[84,79733,137],{"class":98},[84,79735,4963],{"class":146},[84,79737,150],{"class":98},[20,79739,172],{},[75,79741,79743],{"className":77,"code":79742,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79744,79745],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79746,79747,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79748,182],{"class":98},[84,79750,186],{"class":185},[84,79752,18644],{"class":189},[84,79754,186],{"class":185},[84,79756,106],{"class":98},[84,79758,196],{"class":185},[84,79760,5860],{"class":189},[84,79762,186],{"class":185},[84,79764,106],{"class":98},[84,79766,196],{"class":185},[84,79768,79697],{"class":189},[84,79770,186],{"class":185},[84,79772,122],{"class":98},[20,79774,2847,79775,79777],{},[15,79776,15685],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[70,79779,79781,11427,79783],{"id":79780},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79782,78680],{},[15,79784,75238],{},[20,79786,79787,5241,79789,79791],{},[15,79788,78680],{},[15,79790,75238],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79793,79794,3743],{},[15,79795,78680],{},[30,79797,79798,79801],{},[33,79799,79800],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,79802,12268,79803],{},[15,79804,4630],{},[20,79806,79807,3743],{},[15,79808,75238],{},[30,79810,79811,79814],{},[33,79812,79813],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,79815,79816],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79818,814],{},[75,79820,79822],{"className":77,"code":79821,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79823,79824,79844,79848,79862,79866,79876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79827,91],{"class":90},[84,79829,95],{"class":94},[84,79831,99],{"class":98},[84,79833,208],{"class":102},[84,79835,106],{"class":98},[84,79837,6341],{"class":102},[84,79839,106],{"class":98},[84,79841,109],{"class":102},[84,79843,122],{"class":98},[84,79845,79846],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79847,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79849,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79851,56705],{"class":90},[84,79853,95],{"class":94},[84,79855,75372],{"class":133},[84,79857,137],{"class":98},[84,79859,535],{"class":146},[84,79861,150],{"class":98},[84,79863,79864],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,79865,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79867,79868,79870,79872,79874],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,79869,156],{"class":133},[84,79871,137],{"class":98},[84,79873,535],{"class":146},[84,79875,150],{"class":98},[84,79877,79878,79880,79882,79884],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,79879,156],{"class":133},[84,79881,137],{"class":98},[84,79883,75095],{"class":146},[84,79885,150],{"class":98},[20,79887,172],{},[75,79889,79890],{"className":77,"code":75407,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,79891,79892,79908],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79893,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79895,182],{"class":98},[84,79897,208],{"class":102},[84,79899,106],{"class":98},[84,79901,6341],{"class":102},[84,79903,106],{"class":98},[84,79905,109],{"class":102},[84,79907,122],{"class":98},[84,79909,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79911,182],{"class":98},[84,79913,103],{"class":102},[84,79915,106],{"class":98},[84,79917,109],{"class":102},[84,79919,106],{"class":98},[84,79921,114],{"class":102},[84,79923,122],{"class":98},[20,79925,224,79926,79928],{},[15,79927,75238],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79930,79931,79932,5241,79936,307],{},"You can learn more in ",[303,79933,13,79934,6627],{"href":75335},[15,79935,75238],{},[303,79937,79939],{"href":79938},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[70,79941,3686],{"id":3685},[20,79943,79944,79945,307],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79946,78680],{},[995,79948,13438,79950],{"id":79949},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79951,65129],{},[20,79953,26530],{},[75,79955,79957],{"className":77,"code":79956,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79958,79959,79979,79993,79997,80007],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,79960,79961,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971,79973,79975,79977],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,79962,91],{"class":90},[84,79964,95],{"class":94},[84,79966,99],{"class":98},[84,79968,208],{"class":102},[84,79970,106],{"class":98},[84,79972,6341],{"class":102},[84,79974,106],{"class":98},[84,79976,109],{"class":102},[84,79978,122],{"class":98},[84,79980,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,79982,128],{"class":90},[84,79984,95],{"class":94},[84,79986,147],{"class":90},[84,79988,307],{"class":98},[84,79990,35638],{"class":146},[84,79992,9482],{"class":98},[84,79994,79995],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,79996,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,79998,79999,80001,80003,80005],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,80000,156],{"class":133},[84,80002,137],{"class":98},[84,80004,166],{"class":146},[84,80006,150],{"class":98},[84,80008,80009,80011,80013,80015],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,80010,156],{"class":133},[84,80012,137],{"class":98},[84,80014,535],{"class":146},[84,80016,150],{"class":98},[20,80018,172],{},[75,80020,80022],{"className":77,"code":80021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,80023,80024,80028],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80025,80026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80027,12651],{"class":4704},[84,80029,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80031,182],{"class":98},[84,80033,103],{"class":102},[84,80035,106],{"class":98},[84,80037,109],{"class":102},[84,80039,106],{"class":98},[84,80041,114],{"class":102},[84,80043,122],{"class":98},[20,80045,80046,80048,80049,307],{},[15,80047,65129],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,80050,4630],{},[20,80052,80053,80054,7470],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,80055,75238],{},[995,80057,80059],{"id":80058},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,80061,80062],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[75,80064,80066],{"className":77,"code":80065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,80067,80068,80093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80069,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80085,80087,80089,80091],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80071,8620],{"class":90},[84,80073,95],{"class":94},[84,80075,99],{"class":98},[84,80077,103],{"class":102},[84,80079,106],{"class":98},[84,80081,4211],{"class":185},[84,80083,80084],{"class":189},"two",[84,80086,3711],{"class":185},[84,80088,106],{"class":98},[84,80090,114],{"class":102},[84,80092,122],{"class":98},[84,80094,80095,80097,80099,80101],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80096,8649],{"class":90},[84,80098,307],{"class":98},[84,80100,35638],{"class":146},[84,80102,9482],{"class":98},[20,80104,3861,80105,80107],{},[15,80106,3864],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[995,80109,5551,80111,80113],{"id":80110},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,80112,65129],{}," only works on lists",[20,80115,80116,80118],{},[15,80117,65129],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,80120,2155],{},[75,80122,80124],{"className":77,"code":80123,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,80125,80126,80138],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80127,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80129,35526],{"class":90},[84,80131,95],{"class":94},[84,80133,4211],{"class":185},[84,80135,79],{"class":189},[84,80137,4217],{"class":185},[84,80139,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80141,35547],{"class":90},[84,80143,307],{"class":98},[84,80145,35638],{"class":146},[84,80147,9482],{"class":98},[20,80149,80150,80151,34441],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,80152,65129],{},[20,80154,80155],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[75,80157,80159],{"className":77,"code":80158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,80160,80161,80179,80189,80193],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80162,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80164,36928],{"class":90},[84,80166,95],{"class":94},[84,80168,1636],{"class":140},[84,80170,137],{"class":98},[84,80172,3711],{"class":185},[84,80174,79],{"class":189},[84,80176,3711],{"class":185},[84,80178,150],{"class":98},[84,80180,80181,80183,80185,80187],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80182,36981],{"class":90},[84,80184,307],{"class":98},[84,80186,35638],{"class":146},[84,80188,9482],{"class":98},[84,80190,80191],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,80192,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,80194,80195,80197,80199,80201],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,80196,156],{"class":133},[84,80198,137],{"class":98},[84,80200,36981],{"class":146},[84,80202,150],{"class":98},[20,80204,172],{},[75,80206,80208],{"className":77,"code":80207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,80209,80210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80211,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80213,182],{"class":98},[84,80215,186],{"class":185},[84,80217,61255],{"class":189},[84,80219,186],{"class":185},[84,80221,106],{"class":98},[84,80223,196],{"class":185},[84,80225,1967],{"class":189},[84,80227,186],{"class":185},[84,80229,106],{"class":98},[84,80231,196],{"class":185},[84,80233,61290],{"class":189},[84,80235,186],{"class":185},[84,80237,106],{"class":98},[84,80239,196],{"class":185},[84,80241,20],{"class":189},[84,80243,186],{"class":185},[84,80245,106],{"class":98},[84,80247,196],{"class":185},[84,80249,64104],{"class":189},[84,80251,186],{"class":185},[84,80253,106],{"class":98},[84,80255,196],{"class":185},[84,80257,12588],{"class":189},[84,80259,186],{"class":185},[84,80261,122],{"class":98},[995,80263,80265,80266,80268],{"id":80264},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,80267,15685],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,80270,80271,80272,307],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,80273,15685],{},[20,80275,80276,80277,80279],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,80278,65129],{}," will not do that:",[75,80281,80283],{"className":77,"code":80282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80284,80285,80317,80335,80339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80286,80287,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80288,4919],{"class":90},[84,80290,95],{"class":94},[84,80292,99],{"class":98},[84,80294,3711],{"class":185},[84,80296,4937],{"class":189},[84,80298,3711],{"class":185},[84,80300,106],{"class":98},[84,80302,4211],{"class":185},[84,80304,39182],{"class":189},[84,80306,3711],{"class":185},[84,80308,106],{"class":98},[84,80310,4211],{"class":185},[84,80312,4928],{"class":189},[84,80314,3711],{"class":185},[84,80316,122],{"class":98},[84,80318,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80320,4963],{"class":90},[84,80322,307],{"class":98},[84,80324,35638],{"class":146},[84,80326,137],{"class":98},[84,80328,15685],{"class":10015},[84,80330,95],{"class":94},[84,80332,12005],{"class":133},[84,80334,150],{"class":98},[84,80336,80337],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,80338,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,80342,156],{"class":133},[84,80344,137],{"class":98},[84,80346,4963],{"class":146},[84,80348,150],{"class":98},[995,80350,80352],{"id":80351},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80354,80355],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[75,80357,80359],{"className":77,"code":80358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80360,80361,80395,80405,80409],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382,80384,80386,80388,80391,80393],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80364,4919],{"class":90},[84,80366,95],{"class":94},[84,80368,99],{"class":98},[84,80370,3711],{"class":185},[84,80372,80373],{"class":189},"zebra",[84,80375,3711],{"class":185},[84,80377,106],{"class":98},[84,80379,4211],{"class":185},[84,80381,58584],{"class":189},[84,80383,3711],{"class":185},[84,80385,106],{"class":98},[84,80387,4211],{"class":185},[84,80389,80390],{"class":189},"monkey",[84,80392,3711],{"class":185},[84,80394,122],{"class":98},[84,80396,80397,80399,80401,80403],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80398,4963],{"class":90},[84,80400,307],{"class":98},[84,80402,35638],{"class":146},[84,80404,9482],{"class":98},[84,80406,80407],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,80408,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,80410,80411,80413,80415,80417],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,80412,156],{"class":133},[84,80414,137],{"class":98},[84,80416,4963],{"class":146},[84,80418,150],{"class":98},[20,80420,172],{},[75,80422,80424],{"className":77,"code":80423,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80425,80426],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80427,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80429,182],{"class":98},[84,80431,186],{"class":185},[84,80433,58584],{"class":189},[84,80435,186],{"class":185},[84,80437,106],{"class":98},[84,80439,196],{"class":185},[84,80441,80390],{"class":189},[84,80443,186],{"class":185},[84,80445,106],{"class":98},[84,80447,196],{"class":185},[84,80449,80373],{"class":189},[84,80451,186],{"class":185},[84,80453,122],{"class":98},[20,80455,224,80456,80458],{},[15,80457,79398],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[995,80460,61527],{"id":61526},[20,80462,80463],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[75,80465,80467],{"className":77,"code":80466,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80468,80469,80479,80493,80507,80521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80470,80471,80473,80475,80477],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80472,156],{"class":133},[84,80474,137],{"class":98},[84,80476,9178],{"class":146},[84,80478,150],{"class":98},[84,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,80482,156],{"class":133},[84,80484,137],{"class":98},[84,80486,2624],{"class":140},[84,80488,137],{"class":98},[84,80490,9178],{"class":146},[84,80492,169],{"class":98},[84,80494,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,80496,156],{"class":133},[84,80498,137],{"class":98},[84,80500,9178],{"class":146},[84,80502,307],{"class":98},[84,80504,35638],{"class":146},[84,80506,8033],{"class":98},[84,80508,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,80510,156],{"class":133},[84,80512,137],{"class":98},[84,80514,75328],{"class":133},[84,80516,137],{"class":98},[84,80518,9178],{"class":146},[84,80520,169],{"class":98},[84,80522,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,80524,156],{"class":133},[84,80526,3845],{"class":98},[84,80528,2624],{"class":140},[84,80530,137],{"class":98},[84,80532,1450],{"class":146},[84,80534,1970],{"class":98},[84,80536,1973],{"class":633},[84,80538,1431],{"class":146},[84,80540,1434],{"class":633},[84,80542,9234],{"class":146},[84,80544,4737],{"class":98},[20,80546,12014],{},[30,80548,80549,80552,80555,80562,80568],{},[33,80550,80551],{},"What values are in the list",[33,80553,80554],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,80556,80557,80558,3254,80560],{},"That ",[15,80559,65129],{},[15,80561,4630],{},[33,80563,80564,80565,80567],{},"Whether ",[15,80566,75238],{}," works better for your case",[33,80569,80570],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80572,80573,80574,80576],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80575,3864],{}," problems.",[70,80578,2694],{"id":2693},[995,80580,2698,80582,56284],{"id":80581},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80583,78680],{},[20,80585,63420,80586,307],{},[15,80587,4630],{},[995,80589,6024,80591,5241,80593,3348],{"id":80590},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80592,65129],{},[15,80594,75238],{},[20,80596,80597,80599,80600,80602],{},[15,80598,65129],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80601,75238],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[995,80604,80606],{"id":80605},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80608,19536],{},[75,80610,80612],{"className":77,"code":80611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80613,80614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80615,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80617,9178],{"class":90},[84,80619,307],{"class":98},[84,80621,35638],{"class":146},[84,80623,137],{"class":98},[84,80625,74391],{"class":10015},[84,80627,95],{"class":94},[84,80629,4459],{"class":4704},[84,80631,150],{"class":98},[995,80633,80635],{"id":80634},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80637,19536],{},[75,80639,80641],{"className":77,"code":80640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80642,80643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,80644,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,80646,9178],{"class":90},[84,80648,307],{"class":98},[84,80650,35638],{"class":146},[84,80652,137],{"class":98},[84,80654,15685],{"class":10015},[84,80656,95],{"class":94},[84,80658,141],{"class":140},[84,80660,307],{"class":98},[84,80662,9479],{"class":25590},[84,80664,150],{"class":98},[20,80666,80667],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[995,80669,80671,80672,80674],{"id":80670},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80673,3864],{}," when sorting?",[20,80676,80677],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[70,80679,2751],{"id":2750},[30,80681,80682,80687,80693,80697],{},[33,80683,80684],{},[303,80685,80686],{"href":79189},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,80688,80689],{},[303,80690,13,80691,6627],{"href":75335},[15,80692,75238],{},[33,80694,80695],{},[303,80696,67893],{"href":51795},[33,80698,80699],{},[303,80700,79939],{"href":79938},[2785,80702,80703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":80705},[80706,80707,80709,80710,80711,80712,80714,80716,80727,80737],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":78746,"depth":125,"text":80708},"What list.sort() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":79001,"depth":125,"text":79002},{"id":79193,"depth":125,"text":79194},{"id":79515,"depth":125,"text":80713},"Using the key argument",{"id":79780,"depth":125,"text":80715},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":80717},[80718,80720,80721,80723,80725,80726],{"id":79949,"depth":153,"text":80719},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":80058,"depth":153,"text":80059},{"id":80110,"depth":153,"text":80722},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80264,"depth":153,"text":80724},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80351,"depth":153,"text":80352},{"id":61526,"depth":153,"text":61527},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":80728},[80729,80731,80733,80734,80735],{"id":80581,"depth":153,"text":80730},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80590,"depth":153,"text":80732},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80605,"depth":153,"text":80606},{"id":80634,"depth":153,"text":80635},{"id":80670,"depth":153,"text":80736},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83173,"toc":85150},[83174,83180,83185,83188,83196,83199,83201,83325,83327,83345,83347,83367,83372,83376,83390,83393,83396,83398,83403,83515,83518,83536,83542,83545,83607,83609,83618,83621,83635,83637,83685,83687,83696,83706,83712,83715,83742,83744,83752,83755,83758,83828,83830,83838,83841,83846,83851,83902,83904,83912,83915,83917,83934,83936,83988,83991,83997,84001,84006,84009,84013,84072,84074,84083,84089,84098,84102,84165,84167,84175,84180,84184,84189,84269,84271,84280,84287,84292,84297,84300,84335,84337,84345,84348,84354,84356,84406,84408,84417,84420,84438,84440,84445,84451,84458,84485,84487,84510,84515,84550,84555,84561,84566,84609,84612,84615,84654,84661,84667,84672,84687,84691,84698,84701,84705,84710,84714,84719,84721,84782,84784,84813,84818,84825,84834,84836,84839,84864,84866,84969,84972,84990,84999,85001,85006,85009,85015,85018,85020,85030,85036,85040,85098,85105,85113,85115,85147],[10,83175,13,83177,18],{"id":83176},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83178,83179],{},"max()",[20,83181,9962,83182,83184],{},[15,83183,83179],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83186,83187],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,83189,83190,83193],{},[33,83191,83192],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,83194,83195],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83197,83198],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[70,83200,73],{"id":72},[75,83202,83204],{"className":77,"code":83203,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83205,83206,83230,83245,83249,83275,83279,83311],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83207,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83209,91],{"class":90},[84,83211,95],{"class":94},[84,83213,99],{"class":98},[84,83215,208],{"class":102},[84,83217,106],{"class":98},[84,83219,738],{"class":102},[84,83221,106],{"class":98},[84,83223,109],{"class":102},[84,83225,106],{"class":98},[84,83227,5452],{"class":102},[84,83229,122],{"class":98},[84,83231,83232,83234,83236,83239,83241,83243],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83233,156],{"class":133},[84,83235,137],{"class":98},[84,83237,83238],{"class":133},"max",[84,83240,137],{"class":98},[84,83242,535],{"class":146},[84,83244,169],{"class":98},[84,83246,83247],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,83248,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,83250,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,83252,156],{"class":133},[84,83254,137],{"class":98},[84,83256,83238],{"class":133},[84,83258,137],{"class":98},[84,83260,208],{"class":102},[84,83262,106],{"class":98},[84,83264,738],{"class":102},[84,83266,106],{"class":98},[84,83268,109],{"class":102},[84,83270,106],{"class":98},[84,83272,5452],{"class":102},[84,83274,169],{"class":98},[84,83276,83277],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,83278,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,83280,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,83282,4919],{"class":90},[84,83284,95],{"class":94},[84,83286,99],{"class":98},[84,83288,3711],{"class":185},[84,83290,4928],{"class":189},[84,83292,3711],{"class":185},[84,83294,106],{"class":98},[84,83296,4211],{"class":185},[84,83298,4937],{"class":189},[84,83300,3711],{"class":185},[84,83302,106],{"class":98},[84,83304,4211],{"class":185},[84,83306,79557],{"class":189},[84,83308,3711],{"class":185},[84,83310,122],{"class":98},[84,83312,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,83314,156],{"class":133},[84,83316,137],{"class":98},[84,83318,83238],{"class":133},[84,83320,137],{"class":98},[84,83322,4963],{"class":146},[84,83324,169],{"class":98},[20,83326,172],{},[75,83328,83330],{"className":77,"code":83329,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83331,83332,83336,83340],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83333,83334],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83335,3238],{"class":102},[84,83337,83338],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83339,3238],{"class":102},[84,83341,83342],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,83343,83344],{"class":90},"pear\n",[20,83346,20799],{},[30,83348,83349,83355,83361],{},[33,83350,83351,83354],{},[15,83352,83353],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,83356,83357,83360],{},[15,83358,83359],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,83362,83363,83366],{},[15,83364,83365],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[70,83368,235,83370,238],{"id":83369},"what-max-does",[15,83371,83179],{},[20,83373,83374,3743],{},[15,83375,83179],{},[30,83377,83378,83381,83384,83387],{},[33,83379,83380],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,83382,83383],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,83385,83386],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,83388,83389],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83391,83392],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83394,83395],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[70,83397,311],{"id":310},[20,83399,83400,83401,3743],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83402,83179],{},[75,83404,83406],{"className":77,"code":83405,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83407,83408,83418,83442,83464,83487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83409,83410,83412,83414,83416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83411,83238],{"class":133},[84,83413,137],{"class":98},[84,83415,249],{"class":146},[84,83417,150],{"class":98},[84,83419,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83431,83433,83435,83437,83440],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83421,83238],{"class":133},[84,83423,137],{"class":98},[84,83425,249],{"class":146},[84,83427,106],{"class":98},[84,83429,83430],{"class":94}," *",[84,83432,106],{"class":98},[84,83434,22422],{"class":10015},[84,83436,95],{"class":94},[84,83438,83439],{"class":146},"func",[84,83441,150],{"class":98},[84,83443,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,83445,83238],{"class":133},[84,83447,137],{"class":98},[84,83449,249],{"class":146},[84,83451,106],{"class":98},[84,83453,83430],{"class":94},[84,83455,106],{"class":98},[84,83457,27363],{"class":10015},[84,83459,95],{"class":94},[84,83461,3329],{"class":146},[84,83463,150],{"class":98},[84,83465,83466,83468,83470,83473,83475,83478,83480,83482,83485],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,83467,83238],{"class":133},[84,83469,137],{"class":98},[84,83471,83472],{"class":146},"arg1",[84,83474,106],{"class":98},[84,83476,83477],{"class":146}," arg2",[84,83479,106],{"class":98},[84,83481,83430],{"class":94},[84,83483,83484],{"class":146},"args",[84,83486,150],{"class":98},[84,83488,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,83490,83238],{"class":133},[84,83492,137],{"class":98},[84,83494,83472],{"class":146},[84,83496,106],{"class":98},[84,83498,83477],{"class":146},[84,83500,106],{"class":98},[84,83502,83430],{"class":94},[84,83504,83484],{"class":146},[84,83506,106],{"class":98},[84,83508,22422],{"class":10015},[84,83510,95],{"class":94},[84,83512,83439],{"class":146},[84,83514,150],{"class":98},[20,83516,83517],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,83519,83520,83525,83530],{},[33,83521,83522,83524],{},[15,83523,249],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,83526,83527,83529],{},[15,83528,15685],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,83531,83532,83535],{},[15,83533,83534],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[70,83537,595,83539,83541],{"id":83538},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83540,83179],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83543,83544],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[75,83546,83548],{"className":77,"code":83547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83549,83550,83576,83592,83596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83551,83552,83554,83556,83558,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83553,5911],{"class":90},[84,83555,95],{"class":94},[84,83557,99],{"class":98},[84,83559,83560],{"class":102},"72",[84,83562,106],{"class":98},[84,83564,52326],{"class":102},[84,83566,106],{"class":98},[84,83568,14351],{"class":102},[84,83570,106],{"class":98},[84,83572,83573],{"class":102}," 66",[84,83575,122],{"class":98},[84,83577,83578,83581,83583,83586,83588,83590],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83579,83580],{"class":90},"highest_score ",[84,83582,95],{"class":94},[84,83584,83585],{"class":133}," max",[84,83587,137],{"class":98},[84,83589,17231],{"class":146},[84,83591,150],{"class":98},[84,83593,83594],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,83595,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,83597,83598,83600,83602,83605],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,83599,156],{"class":133},[84,83601,137],{"class":98},[84,83603,83604],{"class":146},"highest_score",[84,83606,150],{"class":98},[20,83608,172],{},[75,83610,83612],{"className":77,"code":83611,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"91\n",[15,83613,83614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83615,83616],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83617,83611],{"class":102},[20,83619,83620],{},"This works well for:",[30,83622,83623,83626,83629,83632],{},[33,83624,83625],{},"Scores",[33,83627,83628],{},"Prices",[33,83630,83631],{},"Ages",[33,83633,83634],{},"Counts",[20,83636,52896],{},[75,83638,83640],{"className":77,"code":83639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83641,83642,83670],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83643,83644,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83658,83660,83663,83665,83668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83645,83646],{"class":90},"prices ",[84,83648,95],{"class":94},[84,83650,99],{"class":98},[84,83652,41215],{"class":102},[84,83654,106],{"class":98},[84,83656,83657],{"class":102}," 5.50",[84,83659,106],{"class":98},[84,83661,83662],{"class":102}," 12.75",[84,83664,106],{"class":98},[84,83666,83667],{"class":102}," 29.00",[84,83669,122],{"class":98},[84,83671,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83683],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83673,156],{"class":133},[84,83675,137],{"class":98},[84,83677,83238],{"class":133},[84,83679,137],{"class":98},[84,83681,83682],{"class":146},"prices",[84,83684,169],{"class":98},[20,83686,172],{},[75,83688,83690],{"className":77,"code":83689,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"29.0\n",[15,83691,83692],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83693,83694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83695,83689],{"class":102},[20,83697,83698,83699,83701,83702,307],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83700,83179],{}," is simpler than ",[303,83703,83704],{"href":75335},[15,83705,75238],{},[70,83707,595,83709,83711],{"id":83708},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83710,83179],{}," with separate values",[20,83713,83714],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[75,83716,83718],{"className":77,"code":83717,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83719,83720],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83721,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83723,156],{"class":133},[84,83725,137],{"class":98},[84,83727,83238],{"class":133},[84,83729,137],{"class":98},[84,83731,217],{"class":102},[84,83733,106],{"class":98},[84,83735,31784],{"class":102},[84,83737,106],{"class":98},[84,83739,6836],{"class":102},[84,83741,169],{"class":98},[20,83743,172],{},[75,83745,83746],{"className":77,"code":3084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83747,83748],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83749,83750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83751,3084],{"class":102},[20,83753,83754],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83756,83757],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[75,83759,83761],{"className":77,"code":83760,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83762,83763,83772,83780,83790,83794,83817],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83764,83765,83767,83769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83766,3410],{"class":90},[84,83768,95],{"class":94},[84,83770,83771],{"class":102}," 15\n",[84,83773,83774,83776,83778],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83775,3437],{"class":90},[84,83777,95],{"class":94},[84,83779,3624],{"class":102},[84,83781,83782,83785,83787],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,83783,83784],{"class":90},"c ",[84,83786,95],{"class":94},[84,83788,83789],{"class":102}," 27\n",[84,83791,83792],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,83793,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,83795,83796,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809,83811,83813,83815],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,83797,83798],{"class":90},"largest ",[84,83800,95],{"class":94},[84,83802,83585],{"class":133},[84,83804,137],{"class":98},[84,83806,303],{"class":146},[84,83808,106],{"class":98},[84,83810,835],{"class":146},[84,83812,106],{"class":98},[84,83814,10522],{"class":146},[84,83816,150],{"class":98},[84,83818,83819,83821,83823,83826],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,83820,156],{"class":133},[84,83822,137],{"class":98},[84,83824,83825],{"class":146},"largest",[84,83827,150],{"class":98},[20,83829,172],{},[75,83831,83832],{"className":77,"code":47429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83833,83834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83835,83836],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83837,47429],{"class":102},[20,83839,83840],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[70,83842,595,83844,47874],{"id":83843},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83845,83179],{},[20,83847,83848,83850],{},[15,83849,83179],{}," can compare strings too.",[75,83852,83854],{"className":77,"code":83853,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83855,83856,83888],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83857,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83859,4919],{"class":90},[84,83861,95],{"class":94},[84,83863,99],{"class":98},[84,83865,3711],{"class":185},[84,83867,4928],{"class":189},[84,83869,3711],{"class":185},[84,83871,106],{"class":98},[84,83873,4211],{"class":185},[84,83875,4937],{"class":189},[84,83877,3711],{"class":185},[84,83879,106],{"class":98},[84,83881,4211],{"class":185},[84,83883,79557],{"class":189},[84,83885,3711],{"class":185},[84,83887,122],{"class":98},[84,83889,83890,83892,83894,83896,83898,83900],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83891,156],{"class":133},[84,83893,137],{"class":98},[84,83895,83238],{"class":133},[84,83897,137],{"class":98},[84,83899,4963],{"class":146},[84,83901,169],{"class":98},[20,83903,172],{},[75,83905,83906],{"className":77,"code":83344,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,83907,83908],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83909,83910],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83911,83344],{"class":90},[20,83913,83914],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83916,69097],{},[30,83918,83919,83928,83931],{},[33,83920,83921,83924,83925,83927],{},[15,83922,83923],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83926,66091],{}," alphabetically",[33,83929,83930],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83932,83933],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83935,814],{},[75,83937,83939],{"className":77,"code":83938,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83940,83941,83974],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,83942,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,83944,4919],{"class":90},[84,83946,95],{"class":94},[84,83948,99],{"class":98},[84,83950,3711],{"class":185},[84,83952,4928],{"class":189},[84,83954,3711],{"class":185},[84,83956,106],{"class":98},[84,83958,4211],{"class":185},[84,83960,83961],{"class":189},"Banana",[84,83963,3711],{"class":185},[84,83965,106],{"class":98},[84,83967,4211],{"class":185},[84,83969,79557],{"class":189},[84,83971,3711],{"class":185},[84,83973,122],{"class":98},[84,83975,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984,83986],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,83977,156],{"class":133},[84,83979,137],{"class":98},[84,83981,83238],{"class":133},[84,83983,137],{"class":98},[84,83985,4963],{"class":146},[84,83987,169],{"class":98},[20,83989,83990],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83992,83993,83994,83996],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83995,15685],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[70,83998,37450,83999,37453],{"id":79515},[15,84000,15685],{},[20,84002,2847,84003,84005],{},[15,84004,15685],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,84007,84008],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[995,84010,84012],{"id":84011},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[75,84014,84016],{"className":77,"code":84015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,84017,84018,84050],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84019,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84021,4919],{"class":90},[84,84023,95],{"class":94},[84,84025,99],{"class":98},[84,84027,3711],{"class":185},[84,84029,37884],{"class":189},[84,84031,3711],{"class":185},[84,84033,106],{"class":98},[84,84035,4211],{"class":185},[84,84037,69140],{"class":189},[84,84039,3711],{"class":185},[84,84041,106],{"class":98},[84,84043,4211],{"class":185},[84,84045,58943],{"class":189},[84,84047,3711],{"class":185},[84,84049,122],{"class":98},[84,84051,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84053,156],{"class":133},[84,84055,137],{"class":98},[84,84057,83238],{"class":133},[84,84059,137],{"class":98},[84,84061,4963],{"class":146},[84,84063,106],{"class":98},[84,84065,22422],{"class":10015},[84,84067,95],{"class":94},[84,84069,12005],{"class":133},[84,84071,169],{"class":98},[20,84073,172],{},[75,84075,84077],{"className":77,"code":84076,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"elephant\n",[15,84078,84079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84080,84081],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84082,84076],{"class":90},[20,84084,21613,84085,84088],{},[15,84086,84087],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,84090,84091,84092,34469,84094,307],{},"If you are new to ",[15,84093,43178],{},[303,84095,84096,6627],{"href":43175},[15,84097,43178],{},[995,84099,84101],{"id":84100},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[75,84103,84105],{"className":77,"code":84104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,84106,84107,84139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84108,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84110,4919],{"class":90},[84,84112,95],{"class":94},[84,84114,99],{"class":98},[84,84116,3711],{"class":185},[84,84118,4928],{"class":189},[84,84120,3711],{"class":185},[84,84122,106],{"class":98},[84,84124,4211],{"class":185},[84,84126,83961],{"class":189},[84,84128,3711],{"class":185},[84,84130,106],{"class":98},[84,84132,4211],{"class":185},[84,84134,79557],{"class":189},[84,84136,3711],{"class":185},[84,84138,122],{"class":98},[84,84140,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84142,156],{"class":133},[84,84144,137],{"class":98},[84,84146,83238],{"class":133},[84,84148,137],{"class":98},[84,84150,4963],{"class":146},[84,84152,106],{"class":98},[84,84154,22422],{"class":10015},[84,84156,95],{"class":94},[84,84158,141],{"class":140},[84,84160,307],{"class":98},[84,84162,9479],{"class":25590},[84,84164,169],{"class":98},[20,84166,172],{},[75,84168,84169],{"className":77,"code":83344,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84170,84171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84172,84173],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84174,83344],{"class":90},[20,84176,21613,84177,84179],{},[15,84178,79511],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[995,84181,84183],{"id":84182},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84185,84186,84187,3743],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84188,38491],{},[75,84190,84192],{"className":77,"code":84191,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84193,84194,84237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84195,84196,84198,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84215,84217,84219,84221,84224,84226,84228,84230,84233,84235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84197,8620],{"class":90},[84,84199,95],{"class":94},[84,84201,99],{"class":98},[84,84203,3711],{"class":185},[84,84205,303],{"class":189},[84,84207,3711],{"class":185},[84,84209,106],{"class":98},[84,84211,4211],{"class":185},[84,84213,84214],{"class":189},"bb",[84,84216,3711],{"class":185},[84,84218,106],{"class":98},[84,84220,4211],{"class":185},[84,84222,84223],{"class":189},"cccc",[84,84225,3711],{"class":185},[84,84227,106],{"class":98},[84,84229,4211],{"class":185},[84,84231,84232],{"class":189},"ddd",[84,84234,3711],{"class":185},[84,84236,122],{"class":98},[84,84238,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265,84267],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84240,156],{"class":133},[84,84242,137],{"class":98},[84,84244,83238],{"class":133},[84,84246,137],{"class":98},[84,84248,8649],{"class":146},[84,84250,106],{"class":98},[84,84252,22422],{"class":10015},[84,84254,95],{"class":94},[84,84256,38491],{"class":614},[84,84258,43659],{"class":624},[84,84260,3743],{"class":98},[84,84262,39210],{"class":133},[84,84264,137],{"class":98},[84,84266,35547],{"class":146},[84,84268,3771],{"class":98},[20,84270,172],{},[75,84272,84274],{"className":77,"code":84273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cccc\n",[15,84275,84276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84277,84278],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84279,84273],{"class":90},[20,84281,50365,84282,5241,84284,84286],{},[15,84283,84087],{},[15,84285,79398],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[70,84288,37450,84290,37453],{"id":84289},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84291,83534],{},[20,84293,2847,84294,84296],{},[15,84295,83534],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84298,84299],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[75,84301,84303],{"className":77,"code":84302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84304,84305,84313],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84306,84307,84309,84311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84308,91],{"class":90},[84,84310,95],{"class":94},[84,84312,8678],{"class":98},[84,84314,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84316,156],{"class":133},[84,84318,137],{"class":98},[84,84320,83238],{"class":133},[84,84322,137],{"class":98},[84,84324,535],{"class":146},[84,84326,106],{"class":98},[84,84328,27363],{"class":10015},[84,84330,95],{"class":94},[84,84332,2983],{"class":102},[84,84334,169],{"class":98},[20,84336,172],{},[75,84338,84339],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,84340,84341],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84342,84343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84344,48067],{"class":102},[20,84346,84347],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84349,84350,84351,84353],{},"Without ",[15,84352,83534],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84355,52896],{},[75,84357,84359],{"className":77,"code":84358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84360,84361,84369,84396],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84362,84363,84365,84367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84364,4919],{"class":90},[84,84366,95],{"class":94},[84,84368,8678],{"class":98},[84,84370,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84392,84394],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84372,128],{"class":90},[84,84374,95],{"class":94},[84,84376,83585],{"class":133},[84,84378,137],{"class":98},[84,84380,4963],{"class":146},[84,84382,106],{"class":98},[84,84384,27363],{"class":10015},[84,84386,95],{"class":94},[84,84388,3711],{"class":185},[84,84390,84391],{"class":189},"no words found",[84,84393,3711],{"class":185},[84,84395,150],{"class":98},[84,84397,84398,84400,84402,84404],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,84399,156],{"class":133},[84,84401,137],{"class":98},[84,84403,166],{"class":146},[84,84405,150],{"class":98},[20,84407,172],{},[75,84409,84411],{"className":77,"code":84410,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"no words found\n",[15,84412,84413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84414,84415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84416,84410],{"class":90},[20,84418,84419],{},"Important:",[30,84421,84422,84430],{},[33,84423,84424,84426,84427],{},[15,84425,83534],{}," works with ",[15,84428,84429],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,84431,41723,84432,84434,84435],{},[53,84433,55],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84436,84437],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[70,84439,48801],{"id":48800},[20,84441,84442,84443,307],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84444,83179],{},[995,84446,84448,84450],{"id":84447},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84449,41521],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84452,84453,84454,46725,84456,307],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84455,83534],{},[15,84457,41521],{},[75,84459,84461],{"className":77,"code":84460,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84462,84463,84471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84464,84465,84467,84469],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84466,91],{"class":90},[84,84468,95],{"class":94},[84,84470,8678],{"class":98},[84,84472,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84474,156],{"class":133},[84,84476,137],{"class":98},[84,84478,83238],{"class":133},[84,84480,137],{"class":98},[84,84482,535],{"class":146},[84,84484,169],{"class":98},[20,84486,30522],{},[75,84488,84490],{"className":77,"code":84489,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84491,84492],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84493,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84505,84507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84495,41521],{"class":140},[84,84497,3743],{"class":98},[84,84499,83585],{"class":133},[84,84501,8205],{"class":98},[84,84503,84504],{"class":90}," arg ",[84,84506,13037],{"class":94},[84,84508,84509],{"class":90}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84511,84512,84513,3743],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84514,83534],{},[75,84516,84518],{"className":77,"code":84517,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84519,84520,84528],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84521,84522,84524,84526],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84523,91],{"class":90},[84,84525,95],{"class":94},[84,84527,8678],{"class":98},[84,84529,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84531,156],{"class":133},[84,84533,137],{"class":98},[84,84535,83238],{"class":133},[84,84537,137],{"class":98},[84,84539,535],{"class":146},[84,84541,106],{"class":98},[84,84543,27363],{"class":10015},[84,84545,95],{"class":94},[84,84547,4630],{"class":4704},[84,84549,169],{"class":98},[20,84551,84552,84553,307],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[303,84554,66655],{"href":73692},[995,84556,84558,84560],{"id":84557},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84559,3864],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84562,84563,84564,307],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84565,3864],{},[75,84567,84569],{"className":77,"code":84568,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84570,84571,84595],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84572,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84574,8620],{"class":90},[84,84576,95],{"class":94},[84,84578,99],{"class":98},[84,84580,437],{"class":102},[84,84582,106],{"class":98},[84,84584,4211],{"class":185},[84,84586,512],{"class":189},[84,84588,3711],{"class":185},[84,84590,106],{"class":98},[84,84592,447],{"class":102},[84,84594,122],{"class":98},[84,84596,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84598,156],{"class":133},[84,84600,137],{"class":98},[84,84602,83238],{"class":133},[84,84604,137],{"class":98},[84,84606,8649],{"class":146},[84,84608,169],{"class":98},[20,84610,84611],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84613,84614],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[75,84616,84618],{"className":77,"code":84617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84619,84620,84640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84621,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84623,8620],{"class":90},[84,84625,95],{"class":94},[84,84627,99],{"class":98},[84,84629,437],{"class":102},[84,84631,106],{"class":98},[84,84633,442],{"class":102},[84,84635,106],{"class":98},[84,84637,447],{"class":102},[84,84639,122],{"class":98},[84,84641,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650,84652],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84643,156],{"class":133},[84,84645,137],{"class":98},[84,84647,83238],{"class":133},[84,84649,137],{"class":98},[84,84651,8649],{"class":146},[84,84653,169],{"class":98},[20,84655,84656,84657,307],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[303,84658,84660],{"href":84659},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[995,84662,84664,84666],{"id":84663},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84665,3864],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84668,84669,84671],{},[15,84670,83179],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[75,84673,84675],{"className":77,"code":84674,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(max())\n",[15,84676,84677],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84678,84679,84681,84683,84685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84680,156],{"class":133},[84,84682,137],{"class":98},[84,84684,83238],{"class":133},[84,84686,8033],{"class":98},[20,84688,3861,84689,307],{},[15,84690,3864],{},[70,84692,84694,11427,84696],{"id":84693},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84695,83179],{},[15,84697,75238],{},[20,84699,84700],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84702,84703,3743],{},[15,84704,83179],{},[30,84706,84707],{},[33,84708,84709],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84711,84712,3743],{},[15,84713,75238],{},[30,84715,84716],{},[33,84717,84718],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84720,814],{},[75,84722,84724],{"className":77,"code":84723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84725,84726,84750,84754,84768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84727,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84729,91],{"class":90},[84,84731,95],{"class":94},[84,84733,99],{"class":98},[84,84735,208],{"class":102},[84,84737,106],{"class":98},[84,84739,738],{"class":102},[84,84741,106],{"class":98},[84,84743,109],{"class":102},[84,84745,106],{"class":98},[84,84747,5452],{"class":102},[84,84749,122],{"class":98},[84,84751,84752],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84753,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,84755,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,84757,156],{"class":133},[84,84759,137],{"class":98},[84,84761,83238],{"class":133},[84,84763,137],{"class":98},[84,84765,535],{"class":146},[84,84767,169],{"class":98},[84,84769,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,84771,156],{"class":133},[84,84773,137],{"class":98},[84,84775,75328],{"class":133},[84,84777,137],{"class":98},[84,84779,535],{"class":146},[84,84781,169],{"class":98},[20,84783,172],{},[75,84785,84787],{"className":77,"code":84786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84788,84789,84793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84790,84791],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84792,3238],{"class":102},[84,84794,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84796,182],{"class":98},[84,84798,199],{"class":102},[84,84800,106],{"class":98},[84,84802,114],{"class":102},[84,84804,106],{"class":98},[84,84806,5452],{"class":102},[84,84808,106],{"class":98},[84,84810,738],{"class":102},[84,84812,122],{"class":98},[20,84814,224,84815,84817],{},[15,84816,83179],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84819,224,84820,84824],{},[303,84821,84822],{"href":75335},[15,84823,75238],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84826,84827,84828,307],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[303,84829,84831],{"href":84830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84832,84833],{},"min()",[70,84835,3686],{"id":3685},[20,84837,84838],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,84840,84841,84848,84851,84856,84859],{},[33,84842,30491,84843,84845,84846],{},[15,84844,83179],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84847,83534],{},[33,84849,84850],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84852,9291,84853,84855],{},[15,84854,83179],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84857,84858],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84860,595,84861,84863],{},[15,84862,83534],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84865,11956],{},[75,84867,84869],{"className":77,"code":84868,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84870,84871,84881,84895,84909,84923,84945],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,84872,84873,84875,84877,84879],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,84874,156],{"class":133},[84,84876,137],{"class":98},[84,84878,8649],{"class":146},[84,84880,150],{"class":98},[84,84882,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,84884,156],{"class":133},[84,84886,137],{"class":98},[84,84888,2624],{"class":140},[84,84890,137],{"class":98},[84,84892,8649],{"class":146},[84,84894,169],{"class":98},[84,84896,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,84898,156],{"class":133},[84,84900,137],{"class":98},[84,84902,12005],{"class":133},[84,84904,137],{"class":98},[84,84906,8649],{"class":146},[84,84908,169],{"class":98},[84,84910,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,84912,156],{"class":133},[84,84914,137],{"class":98},[84,84916,83238],{"class":133},[84,84918,137],{"class":98},[84,84920,8649],{"class":146},[84,84922,169],{"class":98},[84,84924,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,84926,156],{"class":133},[84,84928,137],{"class":98},[84,84930,83238],{"class":133},[84,84932,137],{"class":98},[84,84934,8649],{"class":146},[84,84936,106],{"class":98},[84,84938,27363],{"class":10015},[84,84940,95],{"class":94},[84,84942,4630],{"class":4704},[84,84944,169],{"class":98},[84,84946,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,84948,156],{"class":133},[84,84950,3845],{"class":98},[84,84952,2624],{"class":140},[84,84954,137],{"class":98},[84,84956,625],{"class":146},[84,84958,1970],{"class":98},[84,84960,1973],{"class":633},[84,84962,637],{"class":146},[84,84964,1434],{"class":633},[84,84966,6808],{"class":146},[84,84968,4737],{"class":98},[20,84970,84971],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84973,84974,84979,84984,84987],{},[33,84975,84976,84977],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84978,8649],{},[33,84980,80564,84981,84983],{},[15,84982,8649],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84985,84986],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84988,84989],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84991,70161,84992,84995,84996,84998],{},[15,84993,84994],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84997,8649],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[70,85000,2694],{"id":2693},[995,85002,5987,85004,5990],{"id":85003},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,85005,83179],{},[20,85007,85008],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[995,85010,2734,85012,85014],{"id":85011},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,85013,83179],{}," work with strings?",[20,85016,85017],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[995,85019,72460],{"id":72459},[20,85021,85022,53311,85024,85026,85027,85029],{},[15,85023,83179],{},[15,85025,41521],{}," unless you use the ",[15,85028,83534],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[995,85031,85033,85034,3348],{"id":85032},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,85035,83179],{},[20,85037,224,85038,3743],{},[15,85039,84087],{},[75,85041,85042],{"className":77,"code":84015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85043,85044,85076],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85045,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85047,4919],{"class":90},[84,85049,95],{"class":94},[84,85051,99],{"class":98},[84,85053,3711],{"class":185},[84,85055,37884],{"class":189},[84,85057,3711],{"class":185},[84,85059,106],{"class":98},[84,85061,4211],{"class":185},[84,85063,69140],{"class":189},[84,85065,3711],{"class":185},[84,85067,106],{"class":98},[84,85069,4211],{"class":185},[84,85071,58943],{"class":189},[84,85073,3711],{"class":185},[84,85075,122],{"class":98},[84,85077,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85079,156],{"class":133},[84,85081,137],{"class":98},[84,85083,83238],{"class":133},[84,85085,137],{"class":98},[84,85087,4963],{"class":146},[84,85089,106],{"class":98},[84,85091,22422],{"class":10015},[84,85093,95],{"class":94},[84,85095,12005],{"class":133},[84,85097,169],{"class":98},[995,85099,6024,85101,5241,85103,3348],{"id":85100},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,85102,83179],{},[15,85104,75238],{},[20,85106,85107,85109,85110,85112],{},[15,85108,83179],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":85151},[85152,85153,85155,85156,85158,85160,85162,85167,85169,85177,85179,85180,85191],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":83369,"depth":125,"text":85154},"What max() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":83538,"depth":125,"text":85157},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83708,"depth":125,"text":85159},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83843,"depth":125,"text":85161},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79515,"depth":125,"text":80713,"children":85163},[85164,85165,85166],{"id":84011,"depth":153,"text":84012},{"id":84100,"depth":153,"text":84101},{"id":84182,"depth":153,"text":84183},{"id":84289,"depth":125,"text":85168},"Using the default argument",{"id":48800,"depth":125,"text":48801,"children":85170},[85171,85173,85175],{"id":84447,"depth":153,"text":85172},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84557,"depth":153,"text":85174},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84663,"depth":153,"text":85176},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84693,"depth":125,"text":85178},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":85181},[85182,85184,85186,85187,85189],{"id":85003,"depth":153,"text":85183},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":85011,"depth":153,"text":85185},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72459,"depth":153,"text":72460},{"id":85032,"depth":153,"text":85188},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85100,"depth":153,"text":85190},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83171,"description":85192},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85199,"title":85200,"body":85201,"description":87155,"extension":2830,"meta":87156,"navigation":472,"path":87157,"seo":87158,"stem":87159,"__hash__":87160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85202,"toc":87112},[85203,85208,85213,85219,85221,85295,85297,85310,85315,85320,85336,85340,85345,85421,85427,85430,85473,85475,85483,85489,85492,85523,85525,85533,85539,85544,85603,85605,85614,85617,85627,85633,85638,85673,85675,85683,85689,85695,85700,85744,85746,85755,85758,85798,85800,85809,85812,85824,85829,85834,85885,85887,85896,85899,85950,85952,85961,85964,85971,85977,85982,85984,85999,86003,86063,86065,86074,86078,86250,86252,86289,86296,86302,86305,86332,86334,86355,86360,86395,86397,86405,86408,86411,86427,86432,86434,86438,86444,86448,86475,86478,86488,86528,86532,86535,86578,86580,86589,86592,86597,86666,86668,86676,86681,86685,86688,86739,86741,86749,86752,86815,86817,86825,86828,86833,86837,86850,86857,86865,86867,86869,86899,86905,87006,87016,87018,87023,87026,87031,87034,87036,87044,87052,87060,87067,87075,87077,87109],[10,85204,13,85206,18],{"id":85205},"python-min-function-explained",[15,85207,84833],{},[20,85209,85210,85212],{},[15,85211,84833],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85214,85215,85216,85218],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85217,84833],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[70,85220,73],{"id":72},[75,85222,85224],{"className":77,"code":85223,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85225,85226,85250,85265,85269],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85227,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85229,91],{"class":90},[84,85231,95],{"class":94},[84,85233,99],{"class":98},[84,85235,3000],{"class":102},[84,85237,106],{"class":98},[84,85239,109],{"class":102},[84,85241,106],{"class":98},[84,85243,54952],{"class":102},[84,85245,106],{"class":98},[84,85247,6341],{"class":102},[84,85249,122],{"class":98},[84,85251,85252,85254,85256,85259,85261,85263],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85253,156],{"class":133},[84,85255,137],{"class":98},[84,85257,85258],{"class":133},"min",[84,85260,137],{"class":98},[84,85262,535],{"class":146},[84,85264,169],{"class":98},[84,85266,85267],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,85268,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,85270,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,85272,156],{"class":133},[84,85274,137],{"class":98},[84,85276,85258],{"class":133},[84,85278,137],{"class":98},[84,85280,3000],{"class":102},[84,85282,106],{"class":98},[84,85284,109],{"class":102},[84,85286,106],{"class":98},[84,85288,54952],{"class":102},[84,85290,106],{"class":98},[84,85292,6341],{"class":102},[84,85294,169],{"class":98},[20,85296,172],{},[75,85298,85300],{"className":77,"code":85299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1\n1\n",[15,85301,85302,85306],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85303,85304],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85305,1464],{"class":102},[84,85307,85308],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85309,1464],{"class":102},[20,85311,224,85312,85314],{},[15,85313,84833],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[70,85316,235,85318,238],{"id":85317},"what-min-does",[15,85319,84833],{},[30,85321,85322,85327,85330,85333],{},[33,85323,85324,85326],{},[15,85325,84833],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,85328,85329],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,85331,85332],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,85334,85335],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[70,85337,85339],{"id":85338},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85341,85342,85343,3743],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85344,84833],{},[75,85346,85348],{"className":77,"code":85347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85349,85350,85360,85385,85403],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85351,85352,85354,85356,85358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85353,85258],{"class":133},[84,85355,137],{"class":98},[84,85357,249],{"class":146},[84,85359,150],{"class":98},[84,85361,85362,85364,85366,85369,85371,85374,85376,85379,85381,85383],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85363,85258],{"class":133},[84,85365,137],{"class":98},[84,85367,85368],{"class":146},"value1",[84,85370,106],{"class":98},[84,85372,85373],{"class":146}," value2",[84,85375,106],{"class":98},[84,85377,85378],{"class":146}," value3",[84,85380,106],{"class":98},[84,85382,35292],{"class":133},[84,85384,150],{"class":98},[84,85386,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,85388,85258],{"class":133},[84,85390,137],{"class":98},[84,85392,249],{"class":146},[84,85394,106],{"class":98},[84,85396,22422],{"class":10015},[84,85398,95],{"class":94},[84,85400,1267],{"class":133},[84,85402,150],{"class":98},[84,85404,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,85406,85258],{"class":133},[84,85408,137],{"class":98},[84,85410,249],{"class":146},[84,85412,106],{"class":98},[84,85414,27363],{"class":10015},[84,85416,95],{"class":94},[84,85418,1267],{"class":133},[84,85420,150],{"class":98},[995,85422,85424],{"id":85423},"miniterable",[15,85425,85426],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85428,85429],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[75,85431,85433],{"className":77,"code":85432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85434,85435,85459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85436,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85438,91],{"class":90},[84,85440,95],{"class":94},[84,85442,99],{"class":98},[84,85444,797],{"class":102},[84,85446,106],{"class":98},[84,85448,114],{"class":102},[84,85450,106],{"class":98},[84,85452,31784],{"class":102},[84,85454,106],{"class":98},[84,85456,6341],{"class":102},[84,85458,122],{"class":98},[84,85460,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85462,156],{"class":133},[84,85464,137],{"class":98},[84,85466,85258],{"class":133},[84,85468,137],{"class":98},[84,85470,535],{"class":146},[84,85472,169],{"class":98},[20,85474,172],{},[75,85476,85477],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85478,85479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85480,85481],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85482,1464],{"class":102},[995,85484,85486],{"id":85485},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85487,85488],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85490,85491],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[75,85493,85495],{"className":77,"code":85494,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85496,85497],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85500,156],{"class":133},[84,85502,137],{"class":98},[84,85504,85258],{"class":133},[84,85506,137],{"class":98},[84,85508,797],{"class":102},[84,85510,106],{"class":98},[84,85512,114],{"class":102},[84,85514,106],{"class":98},[84,85516,31784],{"class":102},[84,85518,106],{"class":98},[84,85520,6341],{"class":102},[84,85522,169],{"class":98},[20,85524,172],{},[75,85526,85527],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85528,85529],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85530,85531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85532,1464],{"class":102},[995,85534,85536],{"id":85535},"miniterable-key",[15,85537,85538],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85540,224,85541,85543],{},[15,85542,15685],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[75,85545,85547],{"className":77,"code":85546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85548,85549,85581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85550,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85552,4919],{"class":90},[84,85554,95],{"class":94},[84,85556,99],{"class":98},[84,85558,3711],{"class":185},[84,85560,79557],{"class":189},[84,85562,3711],{"class":185},[84,85564,106],{"class":98},[84,85566,4211],{"class":185},[84,85568,39165],{"class":189},[84,85570,3711],{"class":185},[84,85572,106],{"class":98},[84,85574,4211],{"class":185},[84,85576,4937],{"class":189},[84,85578,3711],{"class":185},[84,85580,122],{"class":98},[84,85582,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85584,156],{"class":133},[84,85586,137],{"class":98},[84,85588,85258],{"class":133},[84,85590,137],{"class":98},[84,85592,4963],{"class":146},[84,85594,106],{"class":98},[84,85596,22422],{"class":10015},[84,85598,95],{"class":94},[84,85600,12005],{"class":133},[84,85602,169],{"class":98},[20,85604,172],{},[75,85606,85608],{"className":77,"code":85607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"kiwi\n",[15,85609,85610],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85611,85612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85613,85607],{"class":90},[20,85615,85616],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85618,85619,85620,85622,85623,307],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85621,43178],{},", see the ",[303,85624,85625,591],{"href":43175},[15,85626,43178],{},[995,85628,85630],{"id":85629},"miniterable-default",[15,85631,85632],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85634,224,85635,85637],{},[15,85636,83534],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[75,85639,85641],{"className":77,"code":85640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85642,85643,85651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85644,85645,85647,85649],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85646,91],{"class":90},[84,85648,95],{"class":94},[84,85650,8678],{"class":98},[84,85652,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85654,156],{"class":133},[84,85656,137],{"class":98},[84,85658,85258],{"class":133},[84,85660,137],{"class":98},[84,85662,535],{"class":146},[84,85664,106],{"class":98},[84,85666,27363],{"class":10015},[84,85668,95],{"class":94},[84,85670,2983],{"class":102},[84,85672,169],{"class":98},[20,85674,172],{},[75,85676,85677],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,85678,85679],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85680,85681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85682,48067],{"class":102},[20,85684,85685,85686,85688],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85687,41521],{}," when there is no item to return.",[70,85690,595,85692,85694],{"id":85691},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85693,84833],{}," with numbers",[20,85696,85697,85699],{},[15,85698,84833],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[75,85701,85703],{"className":77,"code":85702,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85704,85705,85730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85706,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715,85717,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85708,5911],{"class":90},[84,85710,95],{"class":94},[84,85712,99],{"class":98},[84,85714,52321],{"class":102},[84,85716,106],{"class":98},[84,85718,85719],{"class":102}," 72",[84,85721,106],{"class":98},[84,85723,29747],{"class":102},[84,85725,106],{"class":98},[84,85727,76913],{"class":102},[84,85729,122],{"class":98},[84,85731,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85733,156],{"class":133},[84,85735,137],{"class":98},[84,85737,85258],{"class":133},[84,85739,137],{"class":98},[84,85741,17231],{"class":146},[84,85743,169],{"class":98},[20,85745,172],{},[75,85747,85749],{"className":77,"code":85748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"60\n",[15,85750,85751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85752,85753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85754,85748],{"class":102},[20,85756,85757],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[75,85759,85761],{"className":77,"code":85760,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85762,85763,85784],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85764,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85778,85780,85782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85766,83646],{"class":90},[84,85768,95],{"class":94},[84,85770,99],{"class":98},[84,85772,41215],{"class":102},[84,85774,106],{"class":98},[84,85776,85777],{"class":102}," 5.49",[84,85779,106],{"class":98},[84,85781,83662],{"class":102},[84,85783,122],{"class":98},[84,85785,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85787,156],{"class":133},[84,85789,137],{"class":98},[84,85791,85258],{"class":133},[84,85793,137],{"class":98},[84,85795,83682],{"class":146},[84,85797,169],{"class":98},[20,85799,172],{},[75,85801,85803],{"className":77,"code":85802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5.49\n",[15,85804,85805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85806,85807],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85808,85802],{"class":102},[20,85810,85811],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,85813,85814,85816,85818,85821],{},[33,85815,17231],{},[33,85817,83682],{},[33,85819,85820],{},"measurements",[33,85822,85823],{},"ages",[70,85825,595,85827,47874],{"id":85826},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85828,84833],{},[20,85830,85831,85833],{},[15,85832,84833],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[75,85835,85837],{"className":77,"code":85836,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85838,85839,85871],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85840,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85842,4919],{"class":90},[84,85844,95],{"class":94},[84,85846,99],{"class":98},[84,85848,3711],{"class":185},[84,85850,4937],{"class":189},[84,85852,3711],{"class":185},[84,85854,106],{"class":98},[84,85856,4211],{"class":185},[84,85858,4928],{"class":189},[84,85860,3711],{"class":185},[84,85862,106],{"class":98},[84,85864,4211],{"class":185},[84,85866,4946],{"class":189},[84,85868,3711],{"class":185},[84,85870,122],{"class":98},[84,85872,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85874,156],{"class":133},[84,85876,137],{"class":98},[84,85878,85258],{"class":133},[84,85880,137],{"class":98},[84,85882,4963],{"class":146},[84,85884,169],{"class":98},[20,85886,172],{},[75,85888,85890],{"className":77,"code":85889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apple\n",[15,85891,85892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85893,85894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85895,85889],{"class":90},[20,85897,85898],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[75,85900,85902],{"className":77,"code":85901,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85903,85904,85936],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85905,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85907,4919],{"class":90},[84,85909,95],{"class":94},[84,85911,99],{"class":98},[84,85913,3711],{"class":185},[84,85915,4937],{"class":189},[84,85917,3711],{"class":185},[84,85919,106],{"class":98},[84,85921,4211],{"class":185},[84,85923,58584],{"class":189},[84,85925,3711],{"class":185},[84,85927,106],{"class":98},[84,85929,4211],{"class":185},[84,85931,4946],{"class":189},[84,85933,3711],{"class":185},[84,85935,122],{"class":98},[84,85937,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,85939,156],{"class":133},[84,85941,137],{"class":98},[84,85943,85258],{"class":133},[84,85945,137],{"class":98},[84,85947,4963],{"class":146},[84,85949,169],{"class":98},[20,85951,172],{},[75,85953,85955],{"className":77,"code":85954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Apple\n",[15,85956,85957],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,85958,85959],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,85960,85954],{"class":90},[20,85962,85963],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85965,85966,85967,307],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[303,85968,85969,6627],{"href":75335},[15,85970,75238],{},[70,85972,595,85974,85976],{"id":85973},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85975,84833],{}," with a key function",[20,85978,2847,85979,85981],{},[15,85980,15685],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85983,12303],{},[30,85985,85986,85991,85996],{},[33,85987,85988,85990],{},[15,85989,15685],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85992,85993,85995],{},[15,85994,84833],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85997,85998],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[995,86000,86002],{"id":86001},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[75,86004,86006],{"className":77,"code":86005,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86007,86008,86041],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86009,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86037,86039],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86011,4919],{"class":90},[84,86013,95],{"class":94},[84,86015,99],{"class":98},[84,86017,3711],{"class":185},[84,86019,69140],{"class":189},[84,86021,3711],{"class":185},[84,86023,106],{"class":98},[84,86025,4211],{"class":185},[84,86027,37884],{"class":189},[84,86029,3711],{"class":185},[84,86031,106],{"class":98},[84,86033,4211],{"class":185},[84,86035,86036],{"class":189},"giraffe",[84,86038,3711],{"class":185},[84,86040,122],{"class":98},[84,86042,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86044,156],{"class":133},[84,86046,137],{"class":98},[84,86048,85258],{"class":133},[84,86050,137],{"class":98},[84,86052,4963],{"class":146},[84,86054,106],{"class":98},[84,86056,22422],{"class":10015},[84,86058,95],{"class":94},[84,86060,12005],{"class":133},[84,86062,169],{"class":98},[20,86064,172],{},[75,86066,86068],{"className":77,"code":86067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cat\n",[15,86069,86070],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86071,86072],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86073,86067],{"class":90},[995,86075,86077],{"id":86076},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[75,86079,86081],{"className":77,"code":86080,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,86082,86083,86093,86128,86160,86192,86196,86200,86239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86084,86085,86088,86090],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86086,86087],{"class":90},"students ",[84,86089,95],{"class":94},[84,86091,86092],{"class":98}," [\n",[84,86094,86095,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86119,86121,86123,86125],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86096,86097],{"class":98},"    {",[84,86099,3711],{"class":185},[84,86101,8508],{"class":189},[84,86103,3711],{"class":185},[84,86105,3743],{"class":98},[84,86107,4211],{"class":185},[84,86109,13723],{"class":189},[84,86111,3711],{"class":185},[84,86113,106],{"class":98},[84,86115,4211],{"class":185},[84,86117,86118],{"class":189},"score",[84,86120,3711],{"class":185},[84,86122,3743],{"class":98},[84,86124,14351],{"class":102},[84,86126,86127],{"class":98},"},\n",[84,86129,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,86131,86097],{"class":98},[84,86133,3711],{"class":185},[84,86135,8508],{"class":189},[84,86137,3711],{"class":185},[84,86139,3743],{"class":98},[84,86141,4211],{"class":185},[84,86143,36778],{"class":189},[84,86145,3711],{"class":185},[84,86147,106],{"class":98},[84,86149,4211],{"class":185},[84,86151,86118],{"class":189},[84,86153,3711],{"class":185},[84,86155,3743],{"class":98},[84,86157,85719],{"class":102},[84,86159,86127],{"class":98},[84,86161,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,86163,86097],{"class":98},[84,86165,3711],{"class":185},[84,86167,8508],{"class":189},[84,86169,3711],{"class":185},[84,86171,3743],{"class":98},[84,86173,4211],{"class":185},[84,86175,36787],{"class":189},[84,86177,3711],{"class":185},[84,86179,106],{"class":98},[84,86181,4211],{"class":185},[84,86183,86118],{"class":189},[84,86185,3711],{"class":185},[84,86187,3743],{"class":98},[84,86189,20740],{"class":102},[84,86191,10149],{"class":98},[84,86193,86194],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,86195,122],{"class":98},[84,86197,86198],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,86199,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,86201,86202,86205,86207,86210,86212,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,86203,86204],{"class":90},"lowest ",[84,86206,95],{"class":94},[84,86208,86209],{"class":133}," min",[84,86211,137],{"class":98},[84,86213,86214],{"class":146},"students",[84,86216,106],{"class":98},[84,86218,22422],{"class":10015},[84,86220,95],{"class":94},[84,86222,38491],{"class":614},[84,86224,13749],{"class":624},[84,86226,3743],{"class":98},[84,86228,13749],{"class":146},[84,86230,182],{"class":98},[84,86232,3711],{"class":185},[84,86234,86118],{"class":189},[84,86236,3711],{"class":185},[84,86238,4737],{"class":98},[84,86240,86241,86243,86245,86248],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,86242,156],{"class":133},[84,86244,137],{"class":98},[84,86246,86247],{"class":146},"lowest",[84,86249,150],{"class":98},[20,86251,172],{},[75,86253,86255],{"className":77,"code":86254,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86256,86257],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86258,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86260,10118],{"class":98},[84,86262,186],{"class":185},[84,86264,8508],{"class":189},[84,86266,186],{"class":185},[84,86268,3743],{"class":98},[84,86270,196],{"class":185},[84,86272,36778],{"class":189},[84,86274,186],{"class":185},[84,86276,106],{"class":98},[84,86278,196],{"class":185},[84,86280,86118],{"class":189},[84,86282,186],{"class":185},[84,86284,3743],{"class":98},[84,86286,85719],{"class":102},[84,86288,10149],{"class":98},[20,86290,86291,86292,86295],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86293,86294],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[70,86297,595,86299,86301],{"id":86298},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86300,83534],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86303,86304],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[75,86306,86308],{"className":77,"code":86307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86309,86310,86318],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86311,86312,86314,86316],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86313,91],{"class":90},[84,86315,95],{"class":94},[84,86317,8678],{"class":98},[84,86319,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328,86330],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86321,156],{"class":133},[84,86323,137],{"class":98},[84,86325,85258],{"class":133},[84,86327,137],{"class":98},[84,86329,535],{"class":146},[84,86331,169],{"class":98},[20,86333,172],{},[75,86335,86337],{"className":77,"code":86336,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86338,86339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86340,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86342,41521],{"class":140},[84,86344,3743],{"class":98},[84,86346,86209],{"class":133},[84,86348,8205],{"class":98},[84,86350,84504],{"class":90},[84,86352,13037],{"class":94},[84,86354,84509],{"class":90},[20,86356,86357,86358,3743],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86359,83534],{},[75,86361,86363],{"className":77,"code":86362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86364,86365,86373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86366,86367,86369,86371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86368,91],{"class":90},[84,86370,95],{"class":94},[84,86372,8678],{"class":98},[84,86374,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86376,156],{"class":133},[84,86378,137],{"class":98},[84,86380,85258],{"class":133},[84,86382,137],{"class":98},[84,86384,535],{"class":146},[84,86386,106],{"class":98},[84,86388,27363],{"class":10015},[84,86390,95],{"class":94},[84,86392,4630],{"class":4704},[84,86394,169],{"class":98},[20,86396,172],{},[75,86398,86399],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86400,86401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86402,86403],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86404,12651],{"class":4704},[20,86406,86407],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86409,86410],{},"Remember:",[30,86412,86413,86421],{},[33,86414,86415,86417,86418,86420],{},[15,86416,83534],{}," works only when ",[15,86419,84833],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,86422,86423,86424],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86425,86426],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86428,86429,86430,307],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[303,86431,66655],{"href":73692},[70,86433,11587],{"id":11586},[20,86435,57591,86436,307],{},[15,86437,84833],{},[995,86439,86441,86442],{"id":86440},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86443,83534],{},[20,86445,3861,86446,3743],{},[15,86447,41521],{},[75,86449,86451],{"className":77,"code":86450,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86452,86453,86461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86454,86455,86457,86459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86456,8620],{"class":90},[84,86458,95],{"class":94},[84,86460,8678],{"class":98},[84,86462,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86464,156],{"class":133},[84,86466,137],{"class":98},[84,86468,85258],{"class":133},[84,86470,137],{"class":98},[84,86472,8649],{"class":146},[84,86474,169],{"class":98},[20,86476,86477],{},"Fix it by:",[30,86479,86480,86483],{},[33,86481,86482],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,86484,86485,86486],{},"or using ",[15,86487,83534],{},[75,86489,86491],{"className":77,"code":86490,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86492,86493,86501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86494,86495,86497,86499],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86496,8620],{"class":90},[84,86498,95],{"class":94},[84,86500,8678],{"class":98},[84,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86524,86526],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86504,156],{"class":133},[84,86506,137],{"class":98},[84,86508,85258],{"class":133},[84,86510,137],{"class":98},[84,86512,8649],{"class":146},[84,86514,106],{"class":98},[84,86516,27363],{"class":10015},[84,86518,95],{"class":94},[84,86520,3711],{"class":185},[84,86522,86523],{"class":189},"no items",[84,86525,3711],{"class":185},[84,86527,169],{"class":98},[995,86529,86531],{"id":86530},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86533,86534],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[75,86536,86538],{"className":77,"code":86537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86539,86540,86564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86541,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86543,10005],{"class":90},[84,86545,95],{"class":94},[84,86547,99],{"class":98},[84,86549,437],{"class":102},[84,86551,106],{"class":98},[84,86553,4211],{"class":185},[84,86555,512],{"class":189},[84,86557,3711],{"class":185},[84,86559,106],{"class":98},[84,86561,5452],{"class":102},[84,86563,122],{"class":98},[84,86565,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86567,156],{"class":133},[84,86569,137],{"class":98},[84,86571,85258],{"class":133},[84,86573,137],{"class":98},[84,86575,10044],{"class":146},[84,86577,169],{"class":98},[20,86579,172],{},[75,86581,86583],{"className":77,"code":86582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError\n",[15,86584,86585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86586,86587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86588,86582],{"class":140},[20,86590,86591],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86593,86594,86595,307],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86596,84833],{},[75,86598,86600],{"className":77,"code":86599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86601,86602,86626,86652],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86603,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86605,10005],{"class":90},[84,86607,95],{"class":94},[84,86609,99],{"class":98},[84,86611,437],{"class":102},[84,86613,106],{"class":98},[84,86615,4211],{"class":185},[84,86617,512],{"class":189},[84,86619,3711],{"class":185},[84,86621,106],{"class":98},[84,86623,5452],{"class":102},[84,86625,122],{"class":98},[84,86627,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86629,91],{"class":90},[84,86631,95],{"class":94},[84,86633,99],{"class":98},[84,86635,365],{"class":140},[84,86637,137],{"class":98},[84,86639,625],{"class":146},[84,86641,1970],{"class":98},[84,86643,1973],{"class":633},[84,86645,637],{"class":90},[84,86647,1434],{"class":633},[84,86649,15410],{"class":90},[84,86651,122],{"class":98},[84,86653,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,86655,156],{"class":133},[84,86657,137],{"class":98},[84,86659,85258],{"class":133},[84,86661,137],{"class":98},[84,86663,535],{"class":146},[84,86665,169],{"class":98},[20,86667,172],{},[75,86669,86670],{"className":77,"code":3806,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86671,86672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86673,86674],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86675,3806],{"class":102},[20,86677,86678,86679,307],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86680,3864],{},[995,86682,86684],{"id":86683},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86686,86687],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[75,86689,86691],{"className":77,"code":86690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86692,86693,86725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86694,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86696,4919],{"class":90},[84,86698,95],{"class":94},[84,86700,99],{"class":98},[84,86702,3711],{"class":185},[84,86704,80373],{"class":189},[84,86706,3711],{"class":185},[84,86708,106],{"class":98},[84,86710,4211],{"class":185},[84,86712,58584],{"class":189},[84,86714,3711],{"class":185},[84,86716,106],{"class":98},[84,86718,4211],{"class":185},[84,86720,80390],{"class":189},[84,86722,3711],{"class":185},[84,86724,122],{"class":98},[84,86726,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86728,156],{"class":133},[84,86730,137],{"class":98},[84,86732,85258],{"class":133},[84,86734,137],{"class":98},[84,86736,4963],{"class":146},[84,86738,169],{"class":98},[20,86740,172],{},[75,86742,86743],{"className":77,"code":85954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86744,86745],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86746,86747],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86748,85954],{"class":90},[20,86750,86751],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[75,86753,86755],{"className":77,"code":86754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86756,86757,86789],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86758,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86760,4919],{"class":90},[84,86762,95],{"class":94},[84,86764,99],{"class":98},[84,86766,3711],{"class":185},[84,86768,80373],{"class":189},[84,86770,3711],{"class":185},[84,86772,106],{"class":98},[84,86774,4211],{"class":185},[84,86776,58584],{"class":189},[84,86778,3711],{"class":185},[84,86780,106],{"class":98},[84,86782,4211],{"class":185},[84,86784,80390],{"class":189},[84,86786,3711],{"class":185},[84,86788,122],{"class":98},[84,86790,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86792,156],{"class":133},[84,86794,137],{"class":98},[84,86796,85258],{"class":133},[84,86798,137],{"class":98},[84,86800,4963],{"class":146},[84,86802,106],{"class":98},[84,86804,22422],{"class":10015},[84,86806,95],{"class":94},[84,86808,141],{"class":140},[84,86810,307],{"class":98},[84,86812,9479],{"class":25590},[84,86814,169],{"class":98},[20,86816,172],{},[75,86818,86819],{"className":77,"code":85954,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,86820,86821],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86822,86823],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86824,85954],{"class":90},[20,86826,86827],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[70,86829,1741,86831],{"id":86830},"when-to-use-min",[15,86832,84833],{},[20,86834,224,86835,11443],{},[15,86836,84833],{},[30,86838,86839,86842,86847],{},[33,86840,86841],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86843,86844,86845],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86846,15685],{},[33,86848,86849],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86851,224,86852,86856],{},[303,86853,86854],{"href":75335},[15,86855,75238],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86858,224,86859,86864],{},[303,86860,86862],{"href":86861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86863,83179],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[70,86866,3686],{"id":3685},[20,86868,84838],{},[30,86870,86871,86879,86882,86887,86894],{},[33,86872,86873,86874,86876,86877],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86875,84833],{}," without using ",[15,86878,83534],{},[33,86880,86881],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86883,9291,86884,86886],{},[15,86885,84833],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86888,5551,86889,86891,86892,85995],{},[15,86890,15685],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86893,84833],{},[33,86895,595,86896,86898],{},[15,86897,83534],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86900,86901,86902,86904],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86903,84833],{},", these quick checks can help:",[75,86906,86908],{"className":77,"code":86907,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86909,86910,86924,86934,86948,86962,86984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,86911,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,86913,156],{"class":133},[84,86915,137],{"class":98},[84,86917,2624],{"class":140},[84,86919,137],{"class":98},[84,86921,10044],{"class":146},[84,86923,169],{"class":98},[84,86925,86926,86928,86930,86932],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,86927,156],{"class":133},[84,86929,137],{"class":98},[84,86931,10044],{"class":146},[84,86933,150],{"class":98},[84,86935,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,86937,156],{"class":133},[84,86939,137],{"class":98},[84,86941,12005],{"class":133},[84,86943,137],{"class":98},[84,86945,10044],{"class":146},[84,86947,169],{"class":98},[84,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,86951,156],{"class":133},[84,86953,137],{"class":98},[84,86955,85258],{"class":133},[84,86957,137],{"class":98},[84,86959,10044],{"class":146},[84,86961,169],{"class":98},[84,86963,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,86965,156],{"class":133},[84,86967,137],{"class":98},[84,86969,85258],{"class":133},[84,86971,137],{"class":98},[84,86973,10044],{"class":146},[84,86975,106],{"class":98},[84,86977,27363],{"class":10015},[84,86979,95],{"class":94},[84,86981,4630],{"class":4704},[84,86983,169],{"class":98},[84,86985,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,86987,156],{"class":133},[84,86989,137],{"class":98},[84,86991,85258],{"class":133},[84,86993,137],{"class":98},[84,86995,4963],{"class":146},[84,86997,106],{"class":98},[84,86999,22422],{"class":10015},[84,87001,95],{"class":94},[84,87003,12005],{"class":133},[84,87005,169],{"class":98},[20,87007,87008,87009,87012,87013,87015],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,87010,87011],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,87014,10044],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[70,87017,2694],{"id":2693},[995,87019,5987,87021,5990],{"id":87020},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,87022,84833],{},[20,87024,87025],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[995,87027,2734,87029,85014],{"id":87028},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,87030,84833],{},[20,87032,87033],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[995,87035,72460],{"id":72459},[20,87037,87038,53311,87040,85026,87042,37459],{},[15,87039,84833],{},[15,87041,41521],{},[15,87043,83534],{},[995,87045,5987,87047,87049,87050,3348],{"id":87046},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,87048,15685],{}," do in ",[15,87051,84833],{},[20,87053,87054,87056,87057,87059],{},[15,87055,15685],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,87058,84087],{}," compares strings by length.",[995,87061,6024,87063,5241,87065,3348],{"id":87062},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,87064,84833],{},[15,87066,75238],{},[20,87068,87069,87071,87072,87074],{},[15,87070,84833],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,87073,75238],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[70,87076,2751],{"id":2750},[30,87078,87079,87085,87091,87097,87101,87105],{},[33,87080,87081],{},[303,87082,87083,591],{"href":86861},[15,87084,83179],{},[33,87086,87087],{},[303,87088,87089,591],{"href":75335},[15,87090,75238],{},[33,87092,87093],{},[303,87094,87095,591],{"href":43175},[15,87096,43178],{},[33,87098,87099],{},[303,87100,80686],{"href":79189},[33,87102,87103],{},[303,87104,59772],{"href":59771},[33,87106,87107],{},[303,87108,66655],{"href":73692},[2785,87110,87111],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":87113},[87114,87115,87117,87123,87125,87127,87132,87134,87140,87142,87143,87154],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":85317,"depth":125,"text":87116},"What min() does",{"id":85338,"depth":125,"text":85339,"children":87118},[87119,87120,87121,87122],{"id":85423,"depth":153,"text":85426},{"id":85485,"depth":153,"text":85488},{"id":85535,"depth":153,"text":85538},{"id":85629,"depth":153,"text":85632},{"id":85691,"depth":125,"text":87124},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85826,"depth":125,"text":87126},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85973,"depth":125,"text":87128,"children":87129},"Using min() with a key function",[87130,87131],{"id":86001,"depth":153,"text":86002},{"id":86076,"depth":153,"text":86077},{"id":86298,"depth":125,"text":87133},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11586,"depth":125,"text":11587,"children":87135},[87136,87138,87139],{"id":86440,"depth":153,"text":87137},"Empty list without default",{"id":86530,"depth":153,"text":86531},{"id":86683,"depth":153,"text":86684},{"id":86830,"depth":125,"text":87141},"When to use min()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":87144},[87145,87147,87149,87150,87152],{"id":87020,"depth":153,"text":87146},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":87028,"depth":153,"text":87148},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72459,"depth":153,"text":72460},{"id":87046,"depth":153,"text":87151},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87062,"depth":153,"text":87153},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85200,"description":87155},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87162,"title":87163,"body":87164,"description":89343,"extension":2830,"meta":89344,"navigation":472,"path":89345,"seo":89346,"stem":89347,"__hash__":89348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87165,"toc":89307},[87166,87169,87175,87181,87183,87264,87273,87277,87282,87284,87329,87331,87411,87417,87419,87422,87454,87456,87474,87476,87549,87551,87570,87574,87577,87613,87615,87682,87756,87829,87834,87838,87844,87847,87864,87867,87869,87930,87932,87952,87958,87962,87965,88035,88038,88057,88062,88138,88141,88145,88151,88155,88160,88230,88234,88239,88313,88317,88320,88395,88406,88410,88415,88505,88510,88578,88581,88600,88611,88615,88618,88623,88626,88688,88691,88702,88707,88710,88713,88718,88721,88724,88728,88731,88737,88740,88751,88753,88815,88830,88836,88839,88842,88853,88864,88870,88873,88875,88937,88947,88953,88958,88964,88968,88974,88977,88998,89000,89005,89032,89035,89062,89065,89104,89107,89145,89148,89209,89212,89214,89218,89221,89225,89231,89239,89247,89251,89254,89258,89264,89266,89304],[10,87167,87163],{"id":87168},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87170,87171,87174],{},[15,87172,87173],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87176,87177,87178,87180],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87179,87173],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[70,87182,73],{"id":72},[75,87184,87186],{"className":77,"code":87185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87187,87188,87237,87253],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87189,87190,87193,87196,87198,87200,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87218,87220,87222,87225,87227,87229,87231,87235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87191,87192],{"class":633},"with",[84,87194,87195],{"class":133}," open",[84,87197,137],{"class":98},[84,87199,3711],{"class":185},[84,87201,87202],{"class":189},"example.txt",[84,87204,3711],{"class":185},[84,87206,106],{"class":98},[84,87208,4211],{"class":185},[84,87210,61322],{"class":189},[84,87212,3711],{"class":185},[84,87214,106],{"class":98},[84,87216,87217],{"class":10015}," encoding",[84,87219,95],{"class":94},[84,87221,3711],{"class":185},[84,87223,87224],{"class":189},"utf-8",[84,87226,3711],{"class":185},[84,87228,1970],{"class":98},[84,87230,48173],{"class":633},[84,87232,87234],{"class":87233},"sMMDD"," file",[84,87236,1440],{"class":98},[84,87238,87239,87242,87244,87246,87248,87251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87240,87241],{"class":90},"    content ",[84,87243,95],{"class":94},[84,87245,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87247,307],{"class":98},[84,87249,87250],{"class":146},"read",[84,87252,9482],{"class":98},[84,87254,87255,87257,87259,87262],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87256,1445],{"class":133},[84,87258,137],{"class":98},[84,87260,87261],{"class":146},"content",[84,87263,150],{"class":98},[20,87265,224,87266,87268,87269,87272],{},[15,87267,87192],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87270,87271],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[70,87274,87276],{"id":87275},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87278,87279,87281],{},[15,87280,87173],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87283,12303],{},[30,87285,87286,87289,87294,87299],{},[33,87287,87288],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,87290,41723,87291,87293],{},[53,87292,55],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,87295,18262,87296],{},[53,87297,87298],{},"file object",[33,87300,87301,87302],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,87303,87304,87309,87314,87319,87324],{},[33,87305,87306],{},[15,87307,87308],{},"read()",[33,87310,87311],{},[15,87312,87313],{},"readline()",[33,87315,87316],{},[15,87317,87318],{},"readlines()",[33,87320,87321],{},[15,87322,87323],{},"write()",[33,87325,87326],{},[15,87327,87328],{},"close()",[20,87330,814],{},[75,87332,87334],{"className":77,"code":87333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87335,87336,87375,87390,87400],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87337,87338,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87339,87340],{"class":87233},"file",[84,87342,14120],{"class":94},[84,87344,87195],{"class":133},[84,87346,137],{"class":98},[84,87348,3711],{"class":185},[84,87350,87202],{"class":189},[84,87352,3711],{"class":185},[84,87354,106],{"class":98},[84,87356,4211],{"class":185},[84,87358,61322],{"class":189},[84,87360,3711],{"class":185},[84,87362,106],{"class":98},[84,87364,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87366,95],{"class":94},[84,87368,3711],{"class":185},[84,87370,87224],{"class":189},[84,87372,3711],{"class":185},[84,87374,150],{"class":98},[84,87376,87377,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87378,87379],{"class":90},"content ",[84,87381,95],{"class":94},[84,87383,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87385,307],{"class":98},[84,87387,87250],{"class":146},[84,87389,9482],{"class":98},[84,87391,87392,87394,87396,87398],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87393,156],{"class":133},[84,87395,137],{"class":98},[84,87397,87261],{"class":146},[84,87399,150],{"class":98},[84,87401,87402,87404,87406,87409],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,87403,87340],{"class":87233},[84,87405,307],{"class":98},[84,87407,87408],{"class":146},"close",[84,87410,9482],{"class":98},[20,87412,87413,87414,87416],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87415,87192],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[70,87418,311],{"id":310},[20,87420,87421],{},"A common form is:",[75,87423,87425],{"className":77,"code":87424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87426,87427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87428,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87430,43244],{"class":133},[84,87432,137],{"class":98},[84,87434,87340],{"class":87233},[84,87436,106],{"class":98},[84,87438,87439],{"class":146}," mode",[84,87441,106],{"class":98},[84,87443,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87445,95],{"class":94},[84,87447,3711],{"class":185},[84,87449,87224],{"class":189},[84,87451,3711],{"class":185},[84,87453,150],{"class":98},[20,87455,65862],{},[30,87457,87458,87463,87468],{},[33,87459,87460,87462],{},[15,87461,87340],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,87464,87465,87467],{},[15,87466,21761],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,87469,87470,87473],{},[15,87471,87472],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87475,814],{},[75,87477,87479],{"className":77,"code":87478,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87480,87481,87524,87539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87482,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87484,87192],{"class":633},[84,87486,87195],{"class":133},[84,87488,137],{"class":98},[84,87490,3711],{"class":185},[84,87492,87493],{"class":189},"notes.txt",[84,87495,3711],{"class":185},[84,87497,106],{"class":98},[84,87499,4211],{"class":185},[84,87501,61322],{"class":189},[84,87503,3711],{"class":185},[84,87505,106],{"class":98},[84,87507,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87509,95],{"class":94},[84,87511,3711],{"class":185},[84,87513,87224],{"class":189},[84,87515,3711],{"class":185},[84,87517,1970],{"class":98},[84,87519,48173],{"class":633},[84,87521,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87523,1440],{"class":98},[84,87525,87526,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87527,87528],{"class":90},"    text ",[84,87530,95],{"class":94},[84,87532,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87534,307],{"class":98},[84,87536,87250],{"class":146},[84,87538,9482],{"class":98},[84,87540,87541,87543,87545,87547],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87542,1445],{"class":133},[84,87544,137],{"class":98},[84,87546,35547],{"class":146},[84,87548,150],{"class":98},[20,87550,20799],{},[30,87552,87553,87559,87564],{},[33,87554,87555,87558],{},[15,87556,87557],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,87560,87561,87563],{},[15,87562,87271],{}," means open for reading",[33,87565,87566,87569],{},[15,87567,87568],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[70,87571,87573],{"id":87572},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87575,87576],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,87578,87579,87584,87590,87595,87601,87607],{},[33,87580,87581,87583],{},[15,87582,87271],{}," = read a text file",[33,87585,87586,87589],{},[15,87587,87588],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,87591,87592,87594],{},[15,87593,18937],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,87596,87597,87600],{},[15,87598,87599],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,87602,87603,87606],{},[15,87604,87605],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,87608,87609,87612],{},[15,87610,87611],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87614,2989],{},[75,87616,87618],{"className":77,"code":87617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87619,87620,87625,87668],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87621,87622],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87623,87624],{"class":4517},"# Read a text file\n",[84,87626,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87628,87192],{"class":633},[84,87630,87195],{"class":133},[84,87632,137],{"class":98},[84,87634,3711],{"class":185},[84,87636,87637],{"class":189},"data.txt",[84,87639,3711],{"class":185},[84,87641,106],{"class":98},[84,87643,4211],{"class":185},[84,87645,61322],{"class":189},[84,87647,3711],{"class":185},[84,87649,106],{"class":98},[84,87651,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87653,95],{"class":94},[84,87655,3711],{"class":185},[84,87657,87224],{"class":189},[84,87659,3711],{"class":185},[84,87661,1970],{"class":98},[84,87663,48173],{"class":633},[84,87665,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87667,1440],{"class":98},[84,87669,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87671,1445],{"class":133},[84,87673,137],{"class":98},[84,87675,87340],{"class":87233},[84,87677,307],{"class":98},[84,87679,87250],{"class":146},[84,87681,8033],{"class":98},[75,87683,87685],{"className":77,"code":87684,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87686,87687,87692,87734],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87688,87689],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87690,87691],{"class":4517},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[84,87693,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87695,87192],{"class":633},[84,87697,87195],{"class":133},[84,87699,137],{"class":98},[84,87701,3711],{"class":185},[84,87703,87637],{"class":189},[84,87705,3711],{"class":185},[84,87707,106],{"class":98},[84,87709,4211],{"class":185},[84,87711,61305],{"class":189},[84,87713,3711],{"class":185},[84,87715,106],{"class":98},[84,87717,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87719,95],{"class":94},[84,87721,3711],{"class":185},[84,87723,87224],{"class":189},[84,87725,3711],{"class":185},[84,87727,1970],{"class":98},[84,87729,48173],{"class":633},[84,87731,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87733,1440],{"class":98},[84,87735,87736,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87752,87754],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87737,87738],{"class":87233},"    file",[84,87740,307],{"class":98},[84,87742,71009],{"class":146},[84,87744,137],{"class":98},[84,87746,3711],{"class":185},[84,87748,35703],{"class":189},[84,87750,87751],{"class":1266},"\\n",[84,87753,3711],{"class":185},[84,87755,150],{"class":98},[75,87757,87759],{"className":77,"code":87758,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87760,87761,87766,87808],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87762,87763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87764,87765],{"class":4517},"# Append to a text file\n",[84,87767,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87769,87192],{"class":633},[84,87771,87195],{"class":133},[84,87773,137],{"class":98},[84,87775,3711],{"class":185},[84,87777,87637],{"class":189},[84,87779,3711],{"class":185},[84,87781,106],{"class":98},[84,87783,4211],{"class":185},[84,87785,303],{"class":189},[84,87787,3711],{"class":185},[84,87789,106],{"class":98},[84,87791,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87793,95],{"class":94},[84,87795,3711],{"class":185},[84,87797,87224],{"class":189},[84,87799,3711],{"class":185},[84,87801,1970],{"class":98},[84,87803,48173],{"class":633},[84,87805,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87807,1440],{"class":98},[84,87809,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87823,87825,87827],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,87811,87738],{"class":87233},[84,87813,307],{"class":98},[84,87815,71009],{"class":146},[84,87817,137],{"class":98},[84,87819,3711],{"class":185},[84,87821,87822],{"class":189},"Another line",[84,87824,87751],{"class":1266},[84,87826,3711],{"class":185},[84,87828,150],{"class":98},[20,87830,70161,87831,87833],{},[15,87832,87588],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[70,87835,87837],{"id":87836},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87839,87840,22818,87842,307],{},[15,87841,87173],{},[53,87843,87298],{},[20,87845,87846],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87848,87849,87854,87859],{},[33,87850,87851],{},[15,87852,87853],{},"file.read()",[33,87855,87856],{},[15,87857,87858],{},"file.write()",[33,87860,87861],{},[15,87862,87863],{},"file.close()",[20,87865,87866],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87868,814],{},[75,87870,87872],{"className":77,"code":87871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87873,87874,87916],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87875,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87877,87192],{"class":633},[84,87879,87195],{"class":133},[84,87881,137],{"class":98},[84,87883,3711],{"class":185},[84,87885,87202],{"class":189},[84,87887,3711],{"class":185},[84,87889,106],{"class":98},[84,87891,4211],{"class":185},[84,87893,61322],{"class":189},[84,87895,3711],{"class":185},[84,87897,106],{"class":98},[84,87899,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87901,95],{"class":94},[84,87903,3711],{"class":185},[84,87905,87224],{"class":189},[84,87907,3711],{"class":185},[84,87909,1970],{"class":98},[84,87911,48173],{"class":633},[84,87913,87234],{"class":87233},[84,87915,1440],{"class":98},[84,87917,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,87919,1445],{"class":133},[84,87921,137],{"class":98},[84,87923,2624],{"class":140},[84,87925,137],{"class":98},[84,87927,87340],{"class":87233},[84,87929,169],{"class":98},[20,87931,30871],{},[75,87933,87935],{"className":77,"code":87934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87936,87937],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87938,87939,87941,87943,87945,87948,87950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87940,1251],{"class":94},[84,87942,4152],{"class":614},[84,87944,196],{"class":185},[84,87946,87947],{"class":189},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[84,87949,186],{"class":185},[84,87951,1270],{"class":94},[20,87953,87954,87955,87957],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87956,87173],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[70,87959,87961],{"id":87960},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87963,87964],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[75,87966,87967],{"className":77,"code":87185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,87968,87969,88011,88025],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,87970,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,87972,87192],{"class":633},[84,87974,87195],{"class":133},[84,87976,137],{"class":98},[84,87978,3711],{"class":185},[84,87980,87202],{"class":189},[84,87982,3711],{"class":185},[84,87984,106],{"class":98},[84,87986,4211],{"class":185},[84,87988,61322],{"class":189},[84,87990,3711],{"class":185},[84,87992,106],{"class":98},[84,87994,87217],{"class":10015},[84,87996,95],{"class":94},[84,87998,3711],{"class":185},[84,88000,87224],{"class":189},[84,88002,3711],{"class":185},[84,88004,1970],{"class":98},[84,88006,48173],{"class":633},[84,88008,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88010,1440],{"class":98},[84,88012,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88014,87241],{"class":90},[84,88016,95],{"class":94},[84,88018,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88020,307],{"class":98},[84,88022,87250],{"class":146},[84,88024,9482],{"class":98},[84,88026,88027,88029,88031,88033],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88028,1445],{"class":133},[84,88030,137],{"class":98},[84,88032,87261],{"class":146},[84,88034,150],{"class":98},[20,88036,88037],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,88039,88040,88045,88051,88054],{},[33,88041,88042,88044],{},[15,88043,87192],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,88046,88047,88048,88050],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,88049,87328],{}," yourself",[33,88052,88053],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,88055,88056],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,88058,84350,88059,88061],{},[15,88060,87192],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[75,88063,88064],{"className":77,"code":87333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,88065,88066,88104,88118,88128],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88067,88068,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88069,87340],{"class":87233},[84,88071,14120],{"class":94},[84,88073,87195],{"class":133},[84,88075,137],{"class":98},[84,88077,3711],{"class":185},[84,88079,87202],{"class":189},[84,88081,3711],{"class":185},[84,88083,106],{"class":98},[84,88085,4211],{"class":185},[84,88087,61322],{"class":189},[84,88089,3711],{"class":185},[84,88091,106],{"class":98},[84,88093,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88095,95],{"class":94},[84,88097,3711],{"class":185},[84,88099,87224],{"class":189},[84,88101,3711],{"class":185},[84,88103,150],{"class":98},[84,88105,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88107,87379],{"class":90},[84,88109,95],{"class":94},[84,88111,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88113,307],{"class":98},[84,88115,87250],{"class":146},[84,88117,9482],{"class":98},[84,88119,88120,88122,88124,88126],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88121,156],{"class":133},[84,88123,137],{"class":98},[84,88125,87261],{"class":146},[84,88127,150],{"class":98},[84,88129,88130,88132,88134,88136],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,88131,87340],{"class":87233},[84,88133,307],{"class":98},[84,88135,87408],{"class":146},[84,88137,9482],{"class":98},[20,88139,88140],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[70,88142,88144],{"id":88143},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88146,88147,88148,88150],{},"Use mode ",[15,88149,87271],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[995,88152,88154],{"id":88153},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88156,88157,88159],{},[15,88158,87308],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[75,88161,88162],{"className":77,"code":87185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,88163,88164,88206,88220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88165,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88167,87192],{"class":633},[84,88169,87195],{"class":133},[84,88171,137],{"class":98},[84,88173,3711],{"class":185},[84,88175,87202],{"class":189},[84,88177,3711],{"class":185},[84,88179,106],{"class":98},[84,88181,4211],{"class":185},[84,88183,61322],{"class":189},[84,88185,3711],{"class":185},[84,88187,106],{"class":98},[84,88189,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88191,95],{"class":94},[84,88193,3711],{"class":185},[84,88195,87224],{"class":189},[84,88197,3711],{"class":185},[84,88199,1970],{"class":98},[84,88201,48173],{"class":633},[84,88203,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88205,1440],{"class":98},[84,88207,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88209,87241],{"class":90},[84,88211,95],{"class":94},[84,88213,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88215,307],{"class":98},[84,88217,87250],{"class":146},[84,88219,9482],{"class":98},[84,88221,88222,88224,88226,88228],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88223,1445],{"class":133},[84,88225,137],{"class":98},[84,88227,87261],{"class":146},[84,88229,150],{"class":98},[995,88231,88233],{"id":88232},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88235,88236,88238],{},[15,88237,87313],{}," reads one line at a time.",[75,88240,88242],{"className":77,"code":88241,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88243,88244,88286,88302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88245,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88247,87192],{"class":633},[84,88249,87195],{"class":133},[84,88251,137],{"class":98},[84,88253,3711],{"class":185},[84,88255,87202],{"class":189},[84,88257,3711],{"class":185},[84,88259,106],{"class":98},[84,88261,4211],{"class":185},[84,88263,61322],{"class":189},[84,88265,3711],{"class":185},[84,88267,106],{"class":98},[84,88269,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88271,95],{"class":94},[84,88273,3711],{"class":185},[84,88275,87224],{"class":189},[84,88277,3711],{"class":185},[84,88279,1970],{"class":98},[84,88281,48173],{"class":633},[84,88283,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88285,1440],{"class":98},[84,88287,88288,88291,88293,88295,88297,88300],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88289,88290],{"class":90},"    first_line ",[84,88292,95],{"class":94},[84,88294,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88296,307],{"class":98},[84,88298,88299],{"class":146},"readline",[84,88301,9482],{"class":98},[84,88303,88304,88306,88308,88311],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88305,1445],{"class":133},[84,88307,137],{"class":98},[84,88309,88310],{"class":146},"first_line",[84,88312,150],{"class":98},[995,88314,88316],{"id":88315},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88318,88319],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[75,88321,88323],{"className":77,"code":88322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88324,88325,88367,88381],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88326,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88328,87192],{"class":633},[84,88330,87195],{"class":133},[84,88332,137],{"class":98},[84,88334,3711],{"class":185},[84,88336,87202],{"class":189},[84,88338,3711],{"class":185},[84,88340,106],{"class":98},[84,88342,4211],{"class":185},[84,88344,61322],{"class":189},[84,88346,3711],{"class":185},[84,88348,106],{"class":98},[84,88350,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88352,95],{"class":94},[84,88354,3711],{"class":185},[84,88356,87224],{"class":189},[84,88358,3711],{"class":185},[84,88360,1970],{"class":98},[84,88362,48173],{"class":633},[84,88364,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88366,1440],{"class":98},[84,88368,88369,88372,88375,88377,88379],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88370,88371],{"class":633},"    for",[84,88373,88374],{"class":90}," line ",[84,88376,1434],{"class":633},[84,88378,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88380,1440],{"class":98},[84,88382,88383,88385,88387,88389,88391,88393],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88384,48153],{"class":133},[84,88386,137],{"class":98},[84,88388,86],{"class":146},[84,88390,307],{"class":98},[84,88392,9473],{"class":146},[84,88394,8033],{"class":98},[20,88396,88397,88398,3736,88402,307],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[303,88399,88401],{"href":88400},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[303,88403,88405],{"href":88404},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[70,88407,88409],{"id":88408},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88411,224,88412,88414],{},[15,88413,87588],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[75,88416,88418],{"className":77,"code":88417,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88419,88420,88463,88484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88421,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88423,87192],{"class":633},[84,88425,87195],{"class":133},[84,88427,137],{"class":98},[84,88429,3711],{"class":185},[84,88431,88432],{"class":189},"output.txt",[84,88434,3711],{"class":185},[84,88436,106],{"class":98},[84,88438,4211],{"class":185},[84,88440,61305],{"class":189},[84,88442,3711],{"class":185},[84,88444,106],{"class":98},[84,88446,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88448,95],{"class":94},[84,88450,3711],{"class":185},[84,88452,87224],{"class":189},[84,88454,3711],{"class":185},[84,88456,1970],{"class":98},[84,88458,48173],{"class":633},[84,88460,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88462,1440],{"class":98},[84,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475,88478,88480,88482],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88466,87738],{"class":87233},[84,88468,307],{"class":98},[84,88470,71009],{"class":146},[84,88472,137],{"class":98},[84,88474,3711],{"class":185},[84,88476,88477],{"class":189},"First line",[84,88479,87751],{"class":1266},[84,88481,3711],{"class":185},[84,88483,150],{"class":98},[84,88485,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88499,88501,88503],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,88487,87738],{"class":87233},[84,88489,307],{"class":98},[84,88491,71009],{"class":146},[84,88493,137],{"class":98},[84,88495,3711],{"class":185},[84,88497,88498],{"class":189},"Second line",[84,88500,87751],{"class":1266},[84,88502,3711],{"class":185},[84,88504,150],{"class":98},[20,88506,224,88507,88509],{},[15,88508,18937],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[75,88511,88513],{"className":77,"code":88512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88514,88515,88557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88516,88517,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88518,87192],{"class":633},[84,88520,87195],{"class":133},[84,88522,137],{"class":98},[84,88524,3711],{"class":185},[84,88526,88432],{"class":189},[84,88528,3711],{"class":185},[84,88530,106],{"class":98},[84,88532,4211],{"class":185},[84,88534,303],{"class":189},[84,88536,3711],{"class":185},[84,88538,106],{"class":98},[84,88540,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88542,95],{"class":94},[84,88544,3711],{"class":185},[84,88546,87224],{"class":189},[84,88548,3711],{"class":185},[84,88550,1970],{"class":98},[84,88552,48173],{"class":633},[84,88554,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88556,1440],{"class":98},[84,88558,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88572,88574,88576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88560,87738],{"class":87233},[84,88562,307],{"class":98},[84,88564,71009],{"class":146},[84,88566,137],{"class":98},[84,88568,3711],{"class":185},[84,88570,88571],{"class":189},"Third line",[84,88573,87751],{"class":1266},[84,88575,3711],{"class":185},[84,88577,150],{"class":98},[20,88579,88580],{},"Important detail:",[30,88582,88583,88588,88595],{},[33,88584,88585,88587],{},[15,88586,87323],{}," writes a string",[33,88589,88590,51,88592,88594],{},[15,88591,87323],{},[53,88593,55],{}," add a newline for you",[33,88596,88597,88598,88050],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88599,87751],{},[20,88601,88602,88603,3736,88607,307],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[303,88604,88606],{"href":88605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[303,88608,88610],{"href":88609},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[70,88612,88614],{"id":88613},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88616,88617],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[995,88619,88621],{"id":88620},"encodingutf-8",[15,88622,87568],{},[20,88624,88625],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[75,88627,88629],{"className":77,"code":88628,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88630,88631,88674],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88632,88633,88635,88637,88639,88641,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88634,87192],{"class":633},[84,88636,87195],{"class":133},[84,88638,137],{"class":98},[84,88640,3711],{"class":185},[84,88642,88643],{"class":189},"message.txt",[84,88645,3711],{"class":185},[84,88647,106],{"class":98},[84,88649,4211],{"class":185},[84,88651,61322],{"class":189},[84,88653,3711],{"class":185},[84,88655,106],{"class":98},[84,88657,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88659,95],{"class":94},[84,88661,3711],{"class":185},[84,88663,87224],{"class":189},[84,88665,3711],{"class":185},[84,88667,1970],{"class":98},[84,88669,48173],{"class":633},[84,88671,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88673,1440],{"class":98},[84,88675,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88677,1445],{"class":133},[84,88679,137],{"class":98},[84,88681,87340],{"class":87233},[84,88683,307],{"class":98},[84,88685,87250],{"class":146},[84,88687,8033],{"class":98},[20,88689,88690],{},"Why it matters:",[30,88692,88693,88696,88699],{},[33,88694,88695],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,88697,88698],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,88700,88701],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[995,88703,88705],{"id":88704},"newline",[15,88706,88704],{},[20,88708,88709],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88711,88712],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[995,88714,88716],{"id":88715},"buffering",[15,88717,88715],{},[20,88719,88720],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88722,88723],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[70,88725,88727],{"id":88726},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88729,88730],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[995,88732,88734],{"id":88733},"filenotfounderror",[15,88735,88736],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88738,88739],{},"This happens when:",[30,88741,88742,88745,88748],{},[33,88743,88744],{},"the file does not exist",[33,88746,88747],{},"the path is wrong",[33,88749,88750],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88752,814],{},[75,88754,88756],{"className":77,"code":88755,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88757,88758,88801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88759,88760,88762,88764,88766,88768,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787,88789,88791,88793,88795,88797,88799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88761,87192],{"class":633},[84,88763,87195],{"class":133},[84,88765,137],{"class":98},[84,88767,3711],{"class":185},[84,88769,88770],{"class":189},"missing.txt",[84,88772,3711],{"class":185},[84,88774,106],{"class":98},[84,88776,4211],{"class":185},[84,88778,61322],{"class":189},[84,88780,3711],{"class":185},[84,88782,106],{"class":98},[84,88784,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88786,95],{"class":94},[84,88788,3711],{"class":185},[84,88790,87224],{"class":189},[84,88792,3711],{"class":185},[84,88794,1970],{"class":98},[84,88796,48173],{"class":633},[84,88798,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88800,1440],{"class":98},[84,88802,88803,88805,88807,88809,88811,88813],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88804,1445],{"class":133},[84,88806,137],{"class":98},[84,88808,87340],{"class":87233},[84,88810,307],{"class":98},[84,88812,87250],{"class":146},[84,88814,8033],{"class":98},[20,88816,88817,88818,5241,88826,307],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[303,88819,88821,88822,88825],{"href":88820},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[84,88823,88824],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[303,88827,88829],{"href":88828},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[995,88831,88833],{"id":88832},"permissionerror",[15,88834,88835],{},"PermissionError",[20,88837,88838],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88840,88841],{},"Example causes:",[30,88843,88844,88847,88850],{},[33,88845,88846],{},"the file is protected",[33,88848,88849],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88851,88852],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88854,88855,88856],{},"Related page: ",[303,88857,88859,88860,88863],{"href":88858},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[84,88861,88862],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[995,88865,88867],{"id":88866},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88868,88869],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88871,88872],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88874,814],{},[75,88876,88878],{"className":77,"code":88877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88879,88880,88923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,88881,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88893,88895,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,88883,87192],{"class":633},[84,88885,87195],{"class":133},[84,88887,137],{"class":98},[84,88889,3711],{"class":185},[84,88891,88892],{"class":189},"my_folder",[84,88894,3711],{"class":185},[84,88896,106],{"class":98},[84,88898,4211],{"class":185},[84,88900,61322],{"class":189},[84,88902,3711],{"class":185},[84,88904,106],{"class":98},[84,88906,87217],{"class":10015},[84,88908,95],{"class":94},[84,88910,3711],{"class":185},[84,88912,87224],{"class":189},[84,88914,3711],{"class":185},[84,88916,1970],{"class":98},[84,88918,48173],{"class":633},[84,88920,87234],{"class":87233},[84,88922,1440],{"class":98},[84,88924,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,88926,1445],{"class":133},[84,88928,137],{"class":98},[84,88930,87340],{"class":87233},[84,88932,307],{"class":98},[84,88934,87250],{"class":146},[84,88936,8033],{"class":98},[20,88938,88855,88939],{},[303,88940,88942,88943,88946],{"href":88941},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[84,88944,88945],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[995,88948,88950],{"id":88949},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88951,88952],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88954,88955,88956,307],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88957,87173],{},[20,88959,88855,88960],{},[303,88961,88963],{"href":88962},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[70,88965,88967],{"id":88966},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88969,88970,88971,88973],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88972,87173],{}," function.",[20,88975,88976],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88978,88979,88982,88985,88991],{},[33,88980,88981],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88983,88984],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88986,88987,88988,88990],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88989,87173],{}," itself",[33,88992,88993,88994],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[303,88995,88997],{"href":88996},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[70,88999,3686],{"id":3685},[20,89001,89002,89003,3743],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,89004,87173],{},[30,89006,89007,89012,89018,89023,89026,89029],{},[33,89008,595,89009,89011],{},[15,89010,87271],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,89013,89014,89015,89017],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,89016,87472],{}," for text files",[33,89019,595,89020,89022],{},[15,89021,87588],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,89024,89025],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,89027,89028],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,89030,89031],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,89033,89034],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[75,89036,89038],{"className":77,"code":89037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,89039,89040,89047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89041,89042,89044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89043,35927],{"class":633},[84,89045,89046],{"class":90}," os\n",[84,89048,89049,89051,89053,89055,89057,89060],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89050,156],{"class":133},[84,89052,137],{"class":98},[84,89054,43443],{"class":146},[84,89056,307],{"class":98},[84,89058,89059],{"class":146},"getcwd",[84,89061,8033],{"class":98},[20,89063,89064],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[75,89066,89068],{"className":77,"code":89067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89069,89070,89076],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89071,89072,89074],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89073,35927],{"class":633},[84,89075,89046],{"class":90},[84,89077,89078,89080,89082,89084,89086,89089,89091,89094,89096,89098,89100,89102],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89079,156],{"class":133},[84,89081,137],{"class":98},[84,89083,43443],{"class":146},[84,89085,307],{"class":98},[84,89087,89088],{"class":25590},"path",[84,89090,307],{"class":98},[84,89092,89093],{"class":146},"exists",[84,89095,137],{"class":98},[84,89097,3711],{"class":185},[84,89099,87202],{"class":189},[84,89101,3711],{"class":185},[84,89103,169],{"class":98},[20,89105,89106],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[75,89108,89110],{"className":77,"code":89109,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89111,89112,89118],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89113,89114,89116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89115,35927],{"class":633},[84,89117,89046],{"class":90},[84,89119,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130,89132,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89121,156],{"class":133},[84,89123,137],{"class":98},[84,89125,43443],{"class":146},[84,89127,307],{"class":98},[84,89129,89088],{"class":25590},[84,89131,307],{"class":98},[84,89133,89134],{"class":146},"isfile",[84,89136,137],{"class":98},[84,89138,3711],{"class":185},[84,89140,87202],{"class":189},[84,89142,3711],{"class":185},[84,89144,169],{"class":98},[20,89146,89147],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[75,89149,89151],{"className":77,"code":89150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89152,89153,89195],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89156,87192],{"class":633},[84,89158,87195],{"class":133},[84,89160,137],{"class":98},[84,89162,3711],{"class":185},[84,89164,87202],{"class":189},[84,89166,3711],{"class":185},[84,89168,106],{"class":98},[84,89170,4211],{"class":185},[84,89172,61322],{"class":189},[84,89174,3711],{"class":185},[84,89176,106],{"class":98},[84,89178,87217],{"class":10015},[84,89180,95],{"class":94},[84,89182,3711],{"class":185},[84,89184,87224],{"class":189},[84,89186,3711],{"class":185},[84,89188,1970],{"class":98},[84,89190,48173],{"class":633},[84,89192,87234],{"class":87233},[84,89194,1440],{"class":98},[84,89196,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89198,1445],{"class":133},[84,89200,137],{"class":98},[84,89202,87340],{"class":87233},[84,89204,307],{"class":98},[84,89206,87250],{"class":146},[84,89208,8033],{"class":98},[20,89210,89211],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[70,89213,2694],{"id":2693},[995,89215,89217],{"id":89216},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89219,89220],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[995,89222,89224],{"id":89223},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89226,89227,89228,89230],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89229,87192],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[995,89232,6024,89234,5241,89236,89238],{"id":89233},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89235,87588],{},[15,89237,18937],{}," mode?",[20,89240,89241,89243,89244,89246],{},[15,89242,87588],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89245,18937],{}," adds new content to the end.",[995,89248,89250],{"id":89249},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89252,89253],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[995,89255,89257],{"id":89256},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89259,89260,89261,89263],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89262,87568],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[70,89265,2751],{"id":2750},[30,89267,89268,89272,89276,89280,89284,89288,89292,89298],{},[33,89269,89270],{},[303,89271,88401],{"href":88400},[33,89273,89274],{},[303,89275,88606],{"href":88605},[33,89277,89278],{},[303,89279,88610],{"href":88609},[33,89281,89282],{},[303,89283,88405],{"href":88404},[33,89285,89286],{},[303,89287,88997],{"href":88996},[33,89289,89290],{},[303,89291,88829],{"href":88828},[33,89293,89294],{},[303,89295,88821,89296,88825],{"href":88820},[84,89297,88824],{},[33,89299,89300],{},[303,89301,88859,89302,88863],{"href":88858},[84,89303,88862],{},[2785,89305,89306],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":89308},[89309,89310,89311,89312,89313,89314,89315,89320,89321,89326,89332,89333,89334,89342],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":87275,"depth":125,"text":87276},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":87572,"depth":125,"text":87573},{"id":87836,"depth":125,"text":87837},{"id":87960,"depth":125,"text":87961},{"id":88143,"depth":125,"text":88144,"children":89316},[89317,89318,89319],{"id":88153,"depth":153,"text":88154},{"id":88232,"depth":153,"text":88233},{"id":88315,"depth":153,"text":88316},{"id":88408,"depth":125,"text":88409},{"id":88613,"depth":125,"text":88614,"children":89322},[89323,89324,89325],{"id":88620,"depth":153,"text":87568},{"id":88704,"depth":153,"text":88704},{"id":88715,"depth":153,"text":88715},{"id":88726,"depth":125,"text":88727,"children":89327},[89328,89329,89330,89331],{"id":88733,"depth":153,"text":88736},{"id":88832,"depth":153,"text":88835},{"id":88866,"depth":153,"text":88869},{"id":88949,"depth":153,"text":88952},{"id":88966,"depth":125,"text":88967},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":89335},[89336,89337,89338,89340,89341],{"id":89216,"depth":153,"text":89217},{"id":89223,"depth":153,"text":89224},{"id":89233,"depth":153,"text":89339},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89249,"depth":153,"text":89250},{"id":89256,"depth":153,"text":89257},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87163,"description":89343},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89350,"title":89351,"body":89352,"description":91347,"extension":2830,"meta":91348,"navigation":472,"path":91349,"seo":91350,"stem":91351,"__hash__":91352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89353,"toc":91294},[89354,89359,89364,89370,89372,89440,89442,89461,89466,89471,89476,89479,89491,89493,89536,89538,89556,89567,89569,89571,89596,89598,89609,89611,89671,89673,89699,89702,89706,89711,89715,89718,89752,89756,89759,89784,89788,89811,89815,89848,89853,89857,89862,89865,89933,89935,89959,89964,89967,89998,90000,90032,90049,90053,90058,90082,90089,90094,90099,90102,90106,90141,90143,90152,90156,90247,90249,90280,90285,90292,90297,90306,90309,90343,90345,90359,90363,90404,90406,90415,90419,90467,90469,90483,90488,90499,90506,90512,90514,90549,90551,90565,90568,90590,90596,90625,90636,90642,90648,90662,90664,90743,90745,90795,90802,90804,90809,90813,90816,90831,90836,90838,90857,90863,90866,90881,90883,90901,90907,90912,90942,90945,90968,90971,90998,91005,91011,91019,91042,91047,91055,91057,91077,91081,91087,91137,91140,91162,91164,91170,91178,91184,91190,91198,91203,91207,91210,91233,91238,91245,91257,91259,91291],[10,89355,13,89357,18],{"id":89356},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89358,47269],{},[20,89360,33159,89361,89363],{},[15,89362,47269],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89365,89366,89367,89369],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89368,47269],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[70,89371,73],{"id":72},[75,89373,89375],{"className":77,"code":89374,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89376,89377,89389,89398,89402,89412,89422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89378,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89380,8716],{"class":90},[84,89382,95],{"class":94},[84,89384,4211],{"class":185},[84,89386,8761],{"class":189},[84,89388,4217],{"class":185},[84,89390,89391,89393,89395],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89392,22471],{"class":90},[84,89394,95],{"class":94},[84,89396,89397],{"class":102}," 12\n",[84,89399,89400],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89401,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,89403,89404,89406,89408,89410],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,89405,156],{"class":133},[84,89407,137],{"class":98},[84,89409,8508],{"class":146},[84,89411,150],{"class":98},[84,89413,89414,89416,89418,89420],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,89415,156],{"class":133},[84,89417,137],{"class":98},[84,89419,10139],{"class":146},[84,89421,150],{"class":98},[84,89423,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89438],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,89425,156],{"class":133},[84,89427,137],{"class":98},[84,89429,3711],{"class":185},[84,89431,35703],{"class":189},[84,89433,3711],{"class":185},[84,89435,106],{"class":98},[84,89437,36829],{"class":146},[84,89439,150],{"class":98},[20,89441,172],{},[75,89443,89445],{"className":77,"code":89444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89446,89447,89452,89456],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89448,89449],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89450,89451],{"class":90},"Mia\n",[84,89453,89454],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89455,3084],{"class":102},[84,89457,89458],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89459,89460],{"class":90},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89462,224,89463,89465],{},[15,89464,47269],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[70,89467,235,89469,238],{"id":89468},"what-print-does",[15,89470,47269],{},[20,89472,89473,89475],{},[15,89474,47269],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89477,89478],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,89480,89481,89483,89485,89488],{},[33,89482,35547],{},[33,89484,535],{},[33,89486,89487],{},"variables",[33,89489,89490],{},"expressions",[20,89492,814],{},[75,89494,89496],{"className":77,"code":89495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89497,89498,89512,89522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89499,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89501,156],{"class":133},[84,89503,137],{"class":98},[84,89505,3711],{"class":185},[84,89507,35703],{"class":189},[84,89509,3711],{"class":185},[84,89511,150],{"class":98},[84,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89515,156],{"class":133},[84,89517,137],{"class":98},[84,89519,3000],{"class":102},[84,89521,150],{"class":98},[84,89523,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89525,156],{"class":133},[84,89527,137],{"class":98},[84,89529,199],{"class":102},[84,89531,3311],{"class":94},[84,89533,114],{"class":102},[84,89535,150],{"class":98},[20,89537,172],{},[75,89539,89541],{"className":77,"code":89540,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89542,89543,89548,89552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89544,89545],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89546,89547],{"class":90},"Hello\n",[84,89549,89550],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89551,3806],{"class":102},[84,89553,89554],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89555,3806],{"class":102},[20,89557,89558,89559,89561,89562,89566],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89560,47269],{}," ",[53,89563,4545,89564],{},[15,89565,4630],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[70,89568,311],{"id":310},[20,89570,267],{},[75,89572,89574],{"className":77,"code":89573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89575,89576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89577,89578,89580,89582,89585,89587,89590,89592,89594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89579,156],{"class":133},[84,89581,137],{"class":98},[84,89583,89584],{"class":146},"object1",[84,89586,106],{"class":98},[84,89588,89589],{"class":146}," object2",[84,89591,106],{"class":98},[84,89593,35292],{"class":133},[84,89595,150],{"class":98},[20,89597,354],{},[30,89599,89600,89603,89606],{},[33,89601,89602],{},"one value",[33,89604,89605],{},"many values",[33,89607,89608],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89610,814],{},[75,89612,89614],{"className":77,"code":89613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89615,89616,89630,89649],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89617,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89619,156],{"class":133},[84,89621,137],{"class":98},[84,89623,3711],{"class":185},[84,89625,58584],{"class":189},[84,89627,3711],{"class":185},[84,89629,150],{"class":98},[84,89631,89632,89634,89636,89638,89641,89643,89645,89647],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89633,156],{"class":133},[84,89635,137],{"class":98},[84,89637,3711],{"class":185},[84,89639,89640],{"class":189},"Score:",[84,89642,3711],{"class":185},[84,89644,106],{"class":98},[84,89646,6847],{"class":102},[84,89648,150],{"class":98},[84,89650,89651,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663,89665,89667,89669],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89652,156],{"class":133},[84,89654,137],{"class":98},[84,89656,3711],{"class":185},[84,89658,46381],{"class":189},[84,89660,3711],{"class":185},[84,89662,106],{"class":98},[84,89664,119],{"class":102},[84,89666,3311],{"class":94},[84,89668,733],{"class":102},[84,89670,150],{"class":98},[20,89672,172],{},[75,89674,89676],{"className":77,"code":89675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89677,89678,89682,89691],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89679,89680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89681,85954],{"class":90},[84,89683,89684,89687,89689],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89685,89686],{"class":90},"Score",[84,89688,3743],{"class":98},[84,89690,3442],{"class":102},[84,89692,89693,89695,89697],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89694,46420],{"class":90},[84,89696,3743],{"class":98},[84,89698,3442],{"class":102},[20,89700,89701],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[70,89703,89705],{"id":89704},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89707,89708,89709,307],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89710,47269],{},[995,89712,89714],{"id":89713},"print-text","Print text",[20,89716,89717],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[75,89719,89721],{"className":77,"code":89720,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89722,89723,89737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89724,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89726,156],{"class":133},[84,89728,137],{"class":98},[84,89730,3711],{"class":185},[84,89732,35703],{"class":189},[84,89734,3711],{"class":185},[84,89736,150],{"class":98},[84,89738,89739,89741,89743,89745,89748,89750],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89740,156],{"class":133},[84,89742,137],{"class":98},[84,89744,3711],{"class":185},[84,89746,89747],{"class":189},"Python is fun",[84,89749,3711],{"class":185},[84,89751,150],{"class":98},[995,89753,89755],{"id":89754},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89757,89758],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[75,89760,89762],{"className":77,"code":89761,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89763,89764,89774],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89765,89766,89768,89770,89772],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89767,156],{"class":133},[84,89769,137],{"class":98},[84,89771,3000],{"class":102},[84,89773,150],{"class":98},[84,89775,89776,89778,89780,89782],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89777,156],{"class":133},[84,89779,137],{"class":98},[84,89781,40960],{"class":102},[84,89783,150],{"class":98},[995,89785,89787],{"id":89786},"print-variables","Print variables",[75,89789,89791],{"className":77,"code":89790,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89792,89793,89801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89794,89795,89797,89799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89796,5943],{"class":90},[84,89798,95],{"class":94},[84,89800,14974],{"class":102},[84,89802,89803,89805,89807,89809],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89804,156],{"class":133},[84,89806,137],{"class":98},[84,89808,86118],{"class":146},[84,89810,150],{"class":98},[995,89812,89814],{"id":89813},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[75,89816,89818],{"className":77,"code":89817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89819,89820,89834],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89821,89822,89824,89826,89828,89830,89832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89823,156],{"class":133},[84,89825,137],{"class":98},[84,89827,199],{"class":102},[84,89829,3311],{"class":94},[84,89831,114],{"class":102},[84,89833,150],{"class":98},[84,89835,89836,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89837,156],{"class":133},[84,89839,137],{"class":98},[84,89841,437],{"class":102},[84,89843,83430],{"class":94},[84,89845,119],{"class":102},[84,89847,150],{"class":98},[20,89849,89850,89851,307],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[303,89852,51792],{"href":51791},[70,89854,89856],{"id":89855},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89858,89859,89861],{},[15,89860,47269],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89863,89864],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[75,89866,89868],{"className":77,"code":89867,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89869,89870,89883,89891,89895,89914],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89871,89872,89874,89876,89878,89881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89873,8716],{"class":90},[84,89875,95],{"class":94},[84,89877,4211],{"class":185},[84,89879,89880],{"class":189},"Ava",[84,89882,4217],{"class":185},[84,89884,89885,89887,89889],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89886,22471],{"class":90},[84,89888,95],{"class":94},[84,89890,3442],{"class":102},[84,89892,89893],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,89894,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,89896,89897,89899,89901,89903,89906,89908,89910,89912],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,89898,156],{"class":133},[84,89900,137],{"class":98},[84,89902,3711],{"class":185},[84,89904,89905],{"class":189},"Name:",[84,89907,3711],{"class":185},[84,89909,106],{"class":98},[84,89911,36829],{"class":146},[84,89913,150],{"class":98},[84,89915,89916,89918,89920,89922,89925,89927,89929,89931],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,89917,156],{"class":133},[84,89919,137],{"class":98},[84,89921,3711],{"class":185},[84,89923,89924],{"class":189},"Age:",[84,89926,3711],{"class":185},[84,89928,106],{"class":98},[84,89930,10028],{"class":146},[84,89932,150],{"class":98},[20,89934,172],{},[75,89936,89938],{"className":77,"code":89937,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89939,89940,89950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89941,89942,89945,89947],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89943,89944],{"class":90},"Name",[84,89946,3743],{"class":98},[84,89948,89949],{"class":90}," Ava\n",[84,89951,89952,89955,89957],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89953,89954],{"class":90},"Age",[84,89956,3743],{"class":98},[84,89958,3442],{"class":102},[20,89960,89961,89962,307],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89963,847],{},[20,89965,89966],{},"For example, this works:",[75,89968,89970],{"className":77,"code":89969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89971,89972,89980],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,89973,89974,89976,89978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,89975,22471],{"class":90},[84,89977,95],{"class":94},[84,89979,3442],{"class":102},[84,89981,89982,89984,89986,89988,89990,89992,89994,89996],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,89983,156],{"class":133},[84,89985,137],{"class":98},[84,89987,3711],{"class":185},[84,89989,89924],{"class":189},[84,89991,3711],{"class":185},[84,89993,106],{"class":98},[84,89995,10028],{"class":146},[84,89997,150],{"class":98},[20,89999,37763],{},[75,90001,90003],{"className":77,"code":90002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,90004,90005,90013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90006,90007,90009,90011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90008,22471],{"class":90},[84,90010,95],{"class":94},[84,90012,3442],{"class":102},[84,90014,90015,90017,90019,90021,90024,90026,90028,90030],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90016,156],{"class":133},[84,90018,137],{"class":98},[84,90020,3711],{"class":185},[84,90022,90023],{"class":189},"Age: ",[84,90025,3711],{"class":185},[84,90027,3311],{"class":94},[84,90029,10028],{"class":146},[84,90031,150],{"class":98},[20,90033,90034,90035,90038,90039,90041,90042,90044,90045,307],{},"That fails because ",[15,90036,90037],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,90040,10139],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,90043,847],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[303,90046,90047],{"href":42992},[15,90048,545],{},[70,90050,90052],{"id":90051},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,90054,90055,90057],{},[15,90056,47269],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,90059,90060,90066,90071,90076],{},[33,90061,90062,90065],{},[15,90063,90064],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,90067,90068,90070],{},[15,90069,53477],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,90072,90073,90075],{},[15,90074,87340],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,90077,90078,90081],{},[15,90079,90080],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,90083,90084,90085,5241,90087,307],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,90086,90064],{},[15,90088,53477],{},[70,90090,90092,37453],{"id":90091},"sep-argument",[15,90093,90064],{},[20,90095,2847,90096,90098],{},[15,90097,90064],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,90100,90101],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[995,90103,90105],{"id":90104},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[75,90107,90109],{"className":77,"code":90108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,90110,90111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90112,90113,90115,90117,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90114,156],{"class":133},[84,90116,137],{"class":98},[84,90118,3711],{"class":185},[84,90120,13936],{"class":189},[84,90122,3711],{"class":185},[84,90124,106],{"class":98},[84,90126,4211],{"class":185},[84,90128,18296],{"class":189},[84,90130,3711],{"class":185},[84,90132,106],{"class":98},[84,90134,4211],{"class":185},[84,90136,13953],{"class":189},[84,90138,3711],{"class":185},[84,90140,150],{"class":98},[20,90142,172],{},[75,90144,90146],{"className":77,"code":90145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red green blue\n",[15,90147,90148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90149,90150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90151,90145],{"class":90},[995,90153,90155],{"id":90154},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[75,90157,90159],{"className":77,"code":90158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90160,90161,90204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90162,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187,90189,90191,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90164,156],{"class":133},[84,90166,137],{"class":98},[84,90168,3711],{"class":185},[84,90170,13936],{"class":189},[84,90172,3711],{"class":185},[84,90174,106],{"class":98},[84,90176,4211],{"class":185},[84,90178,18296],{"class":189},[84,90180,3711],{"class":185},[84,90182,106],{"class":98},[84,90184,4211],{"class":185},[84,90186,13953],{"class":189},[84,90188,3711],{"class":185},[84,90190,106],{"class":98},[84,90192,90193],{"class":10015}," sep",[84,90195,95],{"class":94},[84,90197,3711],{"class":185},[84,90199,106],{"class":189},[84,90201,3711],{"class":185},[84,90203,150],{"class":98},[84,90205,90206,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240,90243,90245],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90207,156],{"class":133},[84,90209,137],{"class":98},[84,90211,3711],{"class":185},[84,90213,13936],{"class":189},[84,90215,3711],{"class":185},[84,90217,106],{"class":98},[84,90219,4211],{"class":185},[84,90221,18296],{"class":189},[84,90223,3711],{"class":185},[84,90225,106],{"class":98},[84,90227,4211],{"class":185},[84,90229,13953],{"class":189},[84,90231,3711],{"class":185},[84,90233,106],{"class":98},[84,90235,90193],{"class":10015},[84,90237,95],{"class":94},[84,90239,3711],{"class":185},[84,90241,90242],{"class":189}," - ",[84,90244,3711],{"class":185},[84,90246,150],{"class":98},[20,90248,172],{},[75,90250,90252],{"className":77,"code":90251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90253,90254,90266],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90255,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90257,13936],{"class":90},[84,90259,106],{"class":98},[84,90261,18296],{"class":90},[84,90263,106],{"class":98},[84,90265,70795],{"class":90},[84,90267,90268,90271,90273,90276,90278],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90269,90270],{"class":90},"red ",[84,90272,2888],{"class":94},[84,90274,90275],{"class":90}," green ",[84,90277,2888],{"class":94},[84,90279,36718],{"class":90},[20,90281,90282,90284],{},[15,90283,90064],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90286,90287,90288,307],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[303,90289,90291],{"href":90290},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[70,90293,90295,37453],{"id":90294},"end-argument",[15,90296,53477],{},[20,90298,90299,90300,90302,90303,90305],{},"By default, ",[15,90301,47269],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90304,47269],{}," starts on a new line.",[995,90307,90105],{"id":90308},"default-behavior-1",[75,90310,90312],{"className":77,"code":90311,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90313,90314,90328],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90315,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324,90326],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90317,156],{"class":133},[84,90319,137],{"class":98},[84,90321,3711],{"class":185},[84,90323,35703],{"class":189},[84,90325,3711],{"class":185},[84,90327,150],{"class":98},[84,90329,90330,90332,90334,90336,90339,90341],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90331,156],{"class":133},[84,90333,137],{"class":98},[84,90335,3711],{"class":185},[84,90337,90338],{"class":189},"World",[84,90340,3711],{"class":185},[84,90342,150],{"class":98},[20,90344,172],{},[75,90346,90348],{"className":77,"code":90347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90349,90350,90354],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90351,90352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90353,89547],{"class":90},[84,90355,90356],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90357,90358],{"class":90},"World\n",[995,90360,90362],{"id":90361},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[75,90364,90366],{"className":77,"code":90365,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90367,90368,90390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90369,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378,90380,90382,90384,90386,90388],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90371,156],{"class":133},[84,90373,137],{"class":98},[84,90375,3711],{"class":185},[84,90377,35703],{"class":189},[84,90379,3711],{"class":185},[84,90381,106],{"class":98},[84,90383,65857],{"class":10015},[84,90385,95],{"class":94},[84,90387,7114],{"class":185},[84,90389,150],{"class":98},[84,90391,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90393,156],{"class":133},[84,90395,137],{"class":98},[84,90397,3711],{"class":185},[84,90399,90338],{"class":189},[84,90401,3711],{"class":185},[84,90403,150],{"class":98},[20,90405,172],{},[75,90407,90409],{"className":77,"code":90408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90410,90411],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90412,90413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90414,90408],{"class":90},[995,90416,90418],{"id":90417},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[75,90420,90422],{"className":77,"code":90421,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90423,90424,90453],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90425,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444,90447,90449,90451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90427,156],{"class":133},[84,90429,137],{"class":98},[84,90431,3711],{"class":185},[84,90433,35703],{"class":189},[84,90435,3711],{"class":185},[84,90437,106],{"class":98},[84,90439,65857],{"class":10015},[84,90441,95],{"class":94},[84,90443,3711],{"class":185},[84,90445,90446],{"class":189},"!",[84,90448,87751],{"class":1266},[84,90450,3711],{"class":185},[84,90452,150],{"class":98},[84,90454,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90456,156],{"class":133},[84,90458,137],{"class":98},[84,90460,3711],{"class":185},[84,90462,90338],{"class":189},[84,90464,3711],{"class":185},[84,90466,150],{"class":98},[20,90468,172],{},[75,90470,90472],{"className":77,"code":90471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90473,90474,90479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90475,90476],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90477,90478],{"class":90},"Hello!\n",[84,90480,90481],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90482,90358],{"class":90},[20,90484,2847,90485,90487],{},[15,90486,53477],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,90489,90490,90493,90496],{},[33,90491,90492],{},"progress messages",[33,90494,90495],{},"inline output",[33,90497,90498],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[70,90500,90502,3254,90504],{"id":90501},"print-returns-none",[15,90503,47269],{},[15,90505,4630],{},[20,90507,90508,90509,90511],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90510,47269],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90513,814],{},[75,90515,90517],{"className":77,"code":90516,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90518,90519,90539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90520,90521,90523,90525,90528,90530,90532,90535,90537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90522,128],{"class":90},[84,90524,95],{"class":94},[84,90526,90527],{"class":133}," print",[84,90529,137],{"class":98},[84,90531,3711],{"class":185},[84,90533,90534],{"class":189},"Hi",[84,90536,3711],{"class":185},[84,90538,150],{"class":98},[84,90540,90541,90543,90545,90547],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90542,156],{"class":133},[84,90544,137],{"class":98},[84,90546,166],{"class":146},[84,90548,150],{"class":98},[20,90550,172],{},[75,90552,90554],{"className":77,"code":90553,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90555,90556,90561],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90557,90558],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90559,90560],{"class":90},"Hi\n",[84,90562,90563],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90564,12651],{"class":4704},[20,90566,90567],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,90569,90570,90578,90583],{},[33,90571,90572,90575,90576],{},[15,90573,90574],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90577,90534],{},[33,90579,90580,90581],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90582,4630],{},[33,90584,90585,90586,12763,90588],{},"so ",[15,90587,166],{},[15,90589,4630],{},[20,90591,90592,90593,90595],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90594,47269],{}," call.",[75,90597,90599],{"className":77,"code":90598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90600,90601,90614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90602,90603,90606,90608,90610,90612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90604,90605],{"class":90},"message ",[84,90607,95],{"class":94},[84,90609,4211],{"class":185},[84,90611,90534],{"class":189},[84,90613,4217],{"class":185},[84,90615,90616,90618,90620,90623],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90617,156],{"class":133},[84,90619,137],{"class":98},[84,90621,90622],{"class":146},"message",[84,90624,150],{"class":98},[20,90626,90627,90628,90630,90631,90635],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90629,47269],{}," with functions like ",[303,90632,90633],{"href":9058},[15,90634,3817],{},", which do return a value.",[70,90637,90639,90640],{"id":90638},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90641,47269],{},[20,90643,90644,90645,90647],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90646,47269],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,90649,90650,90653,90656,90659],{},[33,90651,90652],{},"to display results to the user",[33,90654,90655],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,90657,90658],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,90660,90661],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90663,814],{},[75,90665,90667],{"className":77,"code":90666,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90668,90669,90677,90681,90701,90712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90670,90671,90673,90675],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90672,42000],{"class":90},[84,90674,95],{"class":94},[84,90676,39337],{"class":102},[84,90678,90679],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90680,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,90682,90683,90685,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,90684,1428],{"class":633},[84,90686,7228],{"class":90},[84,90688,1434],{"class":633},[84,90690,54886],{"class":133},[84,90692,137],{"class":98},[84,90694,103],{"class":102},[84,90696,106],{"class":98},[84,90698,119],{"class":102},[84,90700,628],{"class":98},[84,90702,90703,90706,90709],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,90704,90705],{"class":90},"    total ",[84,90707,90708],{"class":94},"+=",[84,90710,90711],{"class":90}," number\n",[84,90713,90714,90716,90718,90720,90723,90725,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,90715,1445],{"class":133},[84,90717,137],{"class":98},[84,90719,3711],{"class":185},[84,90721,90722],{"class":189},"Current number:",[84,90724,3711],{"class":185},[84,90726,106],{"class":98},[84,90728,3056],{"class":146},[84,90730,106],{"class":98},[84,90732,4211],{"class":185},[84,90734,46381],{"class":189},[84,90736,3711],{"class":185},[84,90738,106],{"class":98},[84,90740,46388],{"class":146},[84,90742,150],{"class":98},[20,90744,172],{},[75,90746,90748],{"className":77,"code":90747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90749,90750,90766,90780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90751,90752,90755,90757,90759,90762,90764],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90753,90754],{"class":90},"Current number",[84,90756,3743],{"class":98},[84,90758,6341],{"class":102},[84,90760,90761],{"class":90}," Total",[84,90763,3743],{"class":98},[84,90765,30456],{"class":102},[84,90767,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90769,90754],{"class":90},[84,90771,3743],{"class":98},[84,90773,109],{"class":102},[84,90775,90761],{"class":90},[84,90777,3743],{"class":98},[84,90779,3432],{"class":102},[84,90781,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,90783,90754],{"class":90},[84,90785,3743],{"class":98},[84,90787,114],{"class":102},[84,90789,90761],{"class":90},[84,90791,3743],{"class":98},[84,90793,90794],{"class":102}," 6\n",[20,90796,90797,90798,307],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[303,90799,90801],{"href":90800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[70,90803,3686],{"id":3685},[20,90805,90806,90807,307],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90808,47269],{},[995,90810,90812],{"id":90811},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90814,90815],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[75,90817,90819],{"className":77,"code":90818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90820,90821],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90822,90823,90825,90827,90829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90824,156],{"class":133},[84,90826,137],{"class":98},[84,90828,35703],{"class":146},[84,90830,150],{"class":98},[20,90832,2583,90833,90835],{},[15,90834,35703],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90837,11650],{},[75,90839,90841],{"className":77,"code":90840,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90842,90843],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90844,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90846,156],{"class":133},[84,90848,137],{"class":98},[84,90850,3711],{"class":185},[84,90852,35703],{"class":189},[84,90854,3711],{"class":185},[84,90856,150],{"class":98},[995,90858,595,90860,90862],{"id":90859},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90861,156],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90864,90865],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[75,90867,90869],{"className":77,"code":90868,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90870,90871],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90872,90873,90875,90877,90879],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90874,156],{"class":133},[84,90876,4211],{"class":185},[84,90878,35703],{"class":189},[84,90880,4217],{"class":185},[20,90882,11650],{},[75,90884,90885],{"className":77,"code":90840,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90886,90887],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90888,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90890,156],{"class":133},[84,90892,137],{"class":98},[84,90894,3711],{"class":185},[84,90896,35703],{"class":189},[84,90898,3711],{"class":185},[84,90900,150],{"class":98},[995,90902,90904,90905],{"id":90903},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90906,847],{},[20,90908,90909,90910,307],{},"This causes a ",[15,90911,3864],{},[75,90913,90914],{"className":77,"code":90002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,90915,90916,90924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90917,90918,90920,90922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90919,22471],{"class":90},[84,90921,95],{"class":94},[84,90923,3442],{"class":102},[84,90925,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,90927,156],{"class":133},[84,90929,137],{"class":98},[84,90931,3711],{"class":185},[84,90933,90023],{"class":189},[84,90935,3711],{"class":185},[84,90937,3311],{"class":94},[84,90939,10028],{"class":146},[84,90941,150],{"class":98},[20,90943,90944],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[75,90946,90948],{"className":77,"code":90947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90949,90950],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90951,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90953,156],{"class":133},[84,90955,137],{"class":98},[84,90957,3711],{"class":185},[84,90959,89924],{"class":189},[84,90961,3711],{"class":185},[84,90963,106],{"class":98},[84,90965,10028],{"class":146},[84,90967,150],{"class":98},[20,90969,90970],{},"Or convert the number first:",[75,90972,90974],{"className":77,"code":90973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90975,90976],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,90977,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,90979,156],{"class":133},[84,90981,137],{"class":98},[84,90983,3711],{"class":185},[84,90985,90023],{"class":189},[84,90987,3711],{"class":185},[84,90989,3311],{"class":94},[84,90991,49719],{"class":140},[84,90993,137],{"class":98},[84,90995,10139],{"class":146},[84,90997,169],{"class":98},[20,90999,91000,91001,307],{},"If you see this error, read ",[303,91002,91004],{"href":91003},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[995,91006,9291,91008,91010],{"id":91007},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,91009,47269],{}," to return a value",[20,91012,91013,91014,36166,91017,3743],{},"This does not store ",[15,91015,91016],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,91018,166],{},[75,91020,91022],{"className":77,"code":91021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91023,91024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91025,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91027,128],{"class":90},[84,91029,95],{"class":94},[84,91031,90527],{"class":133},[84,91033,137],{"class":98},[84,91035,3711],{"class":185},[84,91037,35703],{"class":189},[84,91039,3711],{"class":185},[84,91041,150],{"class":98},[20,91043,91044,91045,307],{},"It stores ",[15,91046,4630],{},[995,91048,91050,91051,5241,91053],{"id":91049},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,91052,90064],{},[15,91054,53477],{},[20,91056,86410],{},[30,91058,91059,91068],{},[33,91060,91061,91063,91064,91067],{},[15,91062,90064],{}," changes what goes ",[53,91065,91066],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,91069,91070,91072,91073,91076],{},[15,91071,53477],{}," changes what appears ",[53,91074,91075],{},"after"," the output",[70,91078,91080],{"id":91079},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,91082,91083,91084,91086],{},"These simple ",[15,91085,47269],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[75,91088,91090],{"className":77,"code":91089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,91091,91092,91112,91127],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91103,91105,91107,91110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91095,156],{"class":133},[84,91097,137],{"class":98},[84,91099,3711],{"class":185},[84,91101,91102],{"class":189},"Debug:",[84,91104,3711],{"class":185},[84,91106,106],{"class":98},[84,91108,91109],{"class":146}," variable_name",[84,91111,150],{"class":98},[84,91113,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91125],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,91115,156],{"class":133},[84,91117,137],{"class":98},[84,91119,2624],{"class":140},[84,91121,137],{"class":98},[84,91123,91124],{"class":146},"variable_name",[84,91126,169],{"class":98},[84,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,91130,32994],{"class":133},[84,91132,137],{"class":98},[84,91134,156],{"class":133},[84,91136,150],{"class":98},[20,91138,91139],{},"What they do:",[30,91141,91142,91148,91154],{},[33,91143,91144,91147],{},[15,91145,91146],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,91149,91150,91153],{},[15,91151,91152],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,91155,91156,91159,91160],{},[15,91157,91158],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91161,47269],{},[70,91163,2694],{"id":2693},[995,91165,2698,91167,91169],{"id":91166},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91168,47269],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91171,91172,91173,91175,91176,37459],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91174,47269],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91177,53477],{},[995,91179,2734,91181,91183],{"id":91180},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91182,47269],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91185,91186,91187,91189],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91188,47269],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[995,91191,6003,91193,6006,91196,3348],{"id":91192},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91194,91195],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91197,4630],{},[20,91199,29902,91200,91202],{},[15,91201,47269],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[995,91204,91206],{"id":91205},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91208,91209],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[75,91211,91213],{"className":77,"code":91212,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91214,91215],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91216,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91218,156],{"class":133},[84,91220,137],{"class":98},[84,91222,3711],{"class":185},[84,91224,89924],{"class":189},[84,91226,3711],{"class":185},[84,91228,106],{"class":98},[84,91230,6847],{"class":102},[84,91232,150],{"class":98},[20,91234,91235,91236,40749],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91237,545],{},[995,91239,6024,91241,5241,91243,3348],{"id":91240},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91242,90064],{},[15,91244,53477],{},[30,91246,91247,91252],{},[33,91248,91249,91251],{},[15,91250,90064],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,91253,91254,91256],{},[15,91255,53477],{}," changes what appears after the output",[70,91258,2751],{"id":2750},[30,91260,91261,91265,91271,91277,91282,91287],{},[33,91262,91263],{},[303,91264,51792],{"href":51791},[33,91266,91267],{},[303,91268,13,91269,591],{"href":9058},[15,91270,3817],{},[33,91272,91273],{},[303,91274,13,91275,591],{"href":42992},[15,91276,545],{},[33,91278,91279],{},[303,91280,91281],{"href":90290},"How to format strings in Python",[33,91283,91284],{},[303,91285,91286],{"href":90800},"How to debug Python code",[33,91288,91289],{},[303,91290,91004],{"href":91003},[2785,91292,91293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":91295},[91296,91297,91299,91300,91306,91307,91308,91313,91319,91321,91323,91334,91335,91346],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":89468,"depth":125,"text":91298},"What print() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":89704,"depth":125,"text":89705,"children":91301},[91302,91303,91304,91305],{"id":89713,"depth":153,"text":89714},{"id":89754,"depth":153,"text":89755},{"id":89786,"depth":153,"text":89787},{"id":89813,"depth":153,"text":89814},{"id":89855,"depth":125,"text":89856},{"id":90051,"depth":125,"text":90052},{"id":90091,"depth":125,"text":91309,"children":91310},"sep argument",[91311,91312],{"id":90104,"depth":153,"text":90105},{"id":90154,"depth":153,"text":90155},{"id":90294,"depth":125,"text":91314,"children":91315},"end argument",[91316,91317,91318],{"id":90308,"depth":153,"text":90105},{"id":90361,"depth":153,"text":90362},{"id":90417,"depth":153,"text":90418},{"id":90501,"depth":125,"text":91320},"print() returns None",{"id":90638,"depth":125,"text":91322},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":91324},[91325,91326,91328,91330,91332],{"id":90811,"depth":153,"text":90812},{"id":90859,"depth":153,"text":91327},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90903,"depth":153,"text":91329},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":91007,"depth":153,"text":91331},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91049,"depth":153,"text":91333},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91079,"depth":125,"text":91080},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":91336},[91337,91339,91341,91343,91344],{"id":91166,"depth":153,"text":91338},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91180,"depth":153,"text":91340},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91192,"depth":153,"text":91342},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91205,"depth":153,"text":91206},{"id":91240,"depth":153,"text":91345},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89351,"description":91347},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91354,"title":91355,"body":91356,"description":93660,"extension":2830,"meta":93661,"navigation":472,"path":93662,"seo":93663,"stem":93664,"__hash__":93665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91357,"toc":93606},[91358,91363,91368,91381,91383,91448,91459,91464,91469,91471,91494,91497,91528,91530,91547,91552,91558,91563,91612,91615,91632,91638,91643,91666,91668,91696,91702,91710,91737,91739,91764,91770,91773,91804,91806,91835,91839,91842,91847,91869,91871,91899,91905,91911,91937,91939,91963,91969,91975,92005,92007,92035,92045,92049,92055,92088,92090,92119,92122,92125,92158,92160,92168,92174,92176,92199,92204,92213,92218,92232,92234,92274,92276,92306,92310,92345,92351,92355,92399,92401,92431,92437,92440,92519,92521,92543,92551,92554,92617,92625,92700,92706,92713,92718,92723,92746,92748,92769,92771,92784,92786,92833,92835,92874,92883,92885,92889,92893,92896,92923,92926,92955,92958,92982,92985,92993,92999,93021,93023,93051,93055,93060,93115,93120,93122,93179,93186,93195,93198,93230,93232,93240,93243,93249,93251,93274,93277,93283,93286,93305,93307,93326,93329,93351,93353,93381,93385,93389,93494,93496,93509,93511,93517,93520,93528,93533,93539,93545,93550,93558,93564,93571,93573,93603],[10,91359,13,91361,18],{"id":91360},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91362,37035],{},[20,91364,33159,91365,91367],{},[15,91366,37035],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91369,91370,91371,91373,91374,91376,91377,91380],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91372,1428],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91375,37035],{}," stops ",[53,91378,91379],{},"before"," the end value.",[70,91382,73],{"id":72},[75,91384,91386],{"className":77,"code":91385,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91387,91388,91404,91414,91418,91423,91428,91433,91438,91443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91389,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91391,1428],{"class":633},[84,91393,70362],{"class":90},[84,91395,1434],{"class":633},[84,91397,54886],{"class":133},[84,91399,137],{"class":98},[84,91401,3000],{"class":102},[84,91403,628],{"class":98},[84,91405,91406,91408,91410,91412],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,91407,1445],{"class":133},[84,91409,137],{"class":98},[84,91411,36992],{"class":146},[84,91413,150],{"class":98},[84,91415,91416],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,91417,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,91419,91420],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,91421,91422],{"class":4517},"# Output:\n",[84,91424,91425],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,91426,91427],{"class":4517},"# 0\n",[84,91429,91430],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,91431,91432],{"class":4517},"# 1\n",[84,91434,91435],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,91436,91437],{"class":4517},"# 2\n",[84,91439,91440],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,91441,91442],{"class":4517},"# 3\n",[84,91444,91445],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,91446,91447],{"class":4517},"# 4\n",[20,91449,91450,91453,91454,91456,91457,307],{},[15,91451,91452],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91455,2983],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91458,3000],{},[70,91460,235,91462,238],{"id":91461},"what-range-does",[15,91463,37035],{},[20,91465,91466,91468],{},[15,91467,37035],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91470,13895],{},[30,91472,91473,91478,91484,91489],{},[33,91474,91475,91477],{},[15,91476,37035],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,91479,91480,91481,91483],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91482,1428],{}," loops",[33,91485,91486,91487],{},"The stop value is ",[53,91488,65886],{},[33,91490,18262,91491,91493],{},[15,91492,60815],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91495,91496],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[75,91498,91500],{"className":77,"code":91499,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91501,91502,91518],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91503,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91505,1428],{"class":633},[84,91507,7228],{"class":90},[84,91509,1434],{"class":633},[84,91511,54886],{"class":133},[84,91513,137],{"class":98},[84,91515,208],{"class":102},[84,91517,628],{"class":98},[84,91519,91520,91522,91524,91526],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,91521,1445],{"class":133},[84,91523,137],{"class":98},[84,91525,3098],{"class":146},[84,91527,150],{"class":98},[20,91529,172],{},[75,91531,91533],{"className":77,"code":91532,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91534,91535,91539,91543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91536,91537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91538,48067],{"class":102},[84,91540,91541],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,91542,1464],{"class":102},[84,91544,91545],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,91546,1469],{"class":102},[20,91548,91549,91550,307],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[303,91551,36866],{"href":36865},[70,91553,91555,91557],{"id":91554},"range-syntax",[15,91556,37035],{}," syntax",[20,91559,91560,91562],{},[15,91561,37035],{}," has three common forms:",[75,91564,91566],{"className":77,"code":91565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91567,91568,91578,91593],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91569,91570,91572,91574,91576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91571,60815],{"class":133},[84,91573,137],{"class":98},[84,91575,76240],{"class":146},[84,91577,150],{"class":98},[84,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91591],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,91581,60815],{"class":133},[84,91583,137],{"class":98},[84,91585,36910],{"class":146},[84,91587,106],{"class":98},[84,91589,91590],{"class":146}," stop",[84,91592,150],{"class":98},[84,91594,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91610],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,91596,60815],{"class":133},[84,91598,137],{"class":98},[84,91600,36910],{"class":146},[84,91602,106],{"class":98},[84,91604,91590],{"class":146},[84,91606,106],{"class":98},[84,91608,91609],{"class":146}," step",[84,91611,150],{"class":98},[20,91613,91614],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,91616,91617,91622,91627],{},[33,91618,91619,91621],{},[15,91620,36910],{}," = first number",[33,91623,91624,91626],{},[15,91625,76240],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,91628,91629,91631],{},[15,91630,76243],{}," = amount to move each time",[995,91633,91635],{"id":91634},"rangestop",[15,91636,91637],{},"range(stop)",[20,91639,91640,91641,307],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91642,2983],{},[75,91644,91646],{"className":77,"code":91645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91647,91648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91649,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91651,156],{"class":133},[84,91653,137],{"class":98},[84,91655,161],{"class":140},[84,91657,137],{"class":98},[84,91659,60815],{"class":133},[84,91661,137],{"class":98},[84,91663,3000],{"class":102},[84,91665,3771],{"class":98},[20,91667,172],{},[75,91669,91670],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91671,91672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91673,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91675,182],{"class":98},[84,91677,2983],{"class":102},[84,91679,106],{"class":98},[84,91681,6341],{"class":102},[84,91683,106],{"class":98},[84,91685,109],{"class":102},[84,91687,106],{"class":98},[84,91689,114],{"class":102},[84,91691,106],{"class":98},[84,91693,119],{"class":102},[84,91695,122],{"class":98},[995,91697,91699],{"id":91698},"rangestart-stop",[15,91700,91701],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91703,91704,91705,91707,91708,307],{},"This starts at ",[15,91706,36910],{}," and stops before ",[15,91709,76240],{},[75,91711,91713],{"className":77,"code":91712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91714,91715],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91716,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91718,156],{"class":133},[84,91720,137],{"class":98},[84,91722,161],{"class":140},[84,91724,137],{"class":98},[84,91726,60815],{"class":133},[84,91728,137],{"class":98},[84,91730,199],{"class":102},[84,91732,106],{"class":98},[84,91734,733],{"class":102},[84,91736,3771],{"class":98},[20,91738,172],{},[75,91740,91742],{"className":77,"code":91741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91743,91744],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91745,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756,91758,91760,91762],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91747,182],{"class":98},[84,91749,199],{"class":102},[84,91751,106],{"class":98},[84,91753,114],{"class":102},[84,91755,106],{"class":98},[84,91757,119],{"class":102},[84,91759,106],{"class":98},[84,91761,5452],{"class":102},[84,91763,122],{"class":98},[995,91765,91767],{"id":91766},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91768,91769],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91771,91772],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[75,91774,91776],{"className":77,"code":91775,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91777,91778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91779,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91781,156],{"class":133},[84,91783,137],{"class":98},[84,91785,161],{"class":140},[84,91787,137],{"class":98},[84,91789,60815],{"class":133},[84,91791,137],{"class":98},[84,91793,103],{"class":102},[84,91795,106],{"class":98},[84,91797,6847],{"class":102},[84,91799,106],{"class":98},[84,91801,109],{"class":102},[84,91803,3771],{"class":98},[20,91805,172],{},[75,91807,91809],{"className":77,"code":91808,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91810,91811],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91812,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91814,182],{"class":98},[84,91816,103],{"class":102},[84,91818,106],{"class":98},[84,91820,114],{"class":102},[84,91822,106],{"class":98},[84,91824,5452],{"class":102},[84,91826,106],{"class":98},[84,91828,6836],{"class":102},[84,91830,106],{"class":98},[84,91832,54952],{"class":102},[84,91834,122],{"class":98},[70,91836,91838],{"id":91837},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91840,91841],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[995,91843,91845],{"id":91844},"range5",[15,91846,91452],{},[75,91848,91849],{"className":77,"code":91645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91850,91851],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91852,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91854,156],{"class":133},[84,91856,137],{"class":98},[84,91858,161],{"class":140},[84,91860,137],{"class":98},[84,91862,60815],{"class":133},[84,91864,137],{"class":98},[84,91866,3000],{"class":102},[84,91868,3771],{"class":98},[20,91870,172],{},[75,91872,91873],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91874,91875],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91876,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91878,182],{"class":98},[84,91880,2983],{"class":102},[84,91882,106],{"class":98},[84,91884,6341],{"class":102},[84,91886,106],{"class":98},[84,91888,109],{"class":102},[84,91890,106],{"class":98},[84,91892,114],{"class":102},[84,91894,106],{"class":98},[84,91896,119],{"class":102},[84,91898,122],{"class":98},[20,91900,91704,91901,91707,91903,307],{},[15,91902,2983],{},[15,91904,3000],{},[995,91906,91908],{"id":91907},"range2-6",[15,91909,91910],{},"range(2, 6)",[75,91912,91913],{"className":77,"code":91712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91914,91915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91916,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91918,156],{"class":133},[84,91920,137],{"class":98},[84,91922,161],{"class":140},[84,91924,137],{"class":98},[84,91926,60815],{"class":133},[84,91928,137],{"class":98},[84,91930,199],{"class":102},[84,91932,106],{"class":98},[84,91934,733],{"class":102},[84,91936,3771],{"class":98},[20,91938,172],{},[75,91940,91941],{"className":77,"code":91741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91942,91943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91944,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91946,182],{"class":98},[84,91948,199],{"class":102},[84,91950,106],{"class":98},[84,91952,114],{"class":102},[84,91954,106],{"class":98},[84,91956,119],{"class":102},[84,91958,106],{"class":98},[84,91960,5452],{"class":102},[84,91962,122],{"class":98},[20,91964,91704,91965,91707,91967,307],{},[15,91966,199],{},[15,91968,789],{},[995,91970,91972],{"id":91971},"range1-10-2",[15,91973,91974],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[75,91976,91977],{"className":77,"code":91775,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,91978,91979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,91982,156],{"class":133},[84,91984,137],{"class":98},[84,91986,161],{"class":140},[84,91988,137],{"class":98},[84,91990,60815],{"class":133},[84,91992,137],{"class":98},[84,91994,103],{"class":102},[84,91996,106],{"class":98},[84,91998,6847],{"class":102},[84,92000,106],{"class":98},[84,92002,109],{"class":102},[84,92004,3771],{"class":98},[20,92006,172],{},[75,92008,92009],{"className":77,"code":91808,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92010,92011],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92012,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92014,182],{"class":98},[84,92016,103],{"class":102},[84,92018,106],{"class":98},[84,92020,114],{"class":102},[84,92022,106],{"class":98},[84,92024,5452],{"class":102},[84,92026,106],{"class":98},[84,92028,6836],{"class":102},[84,92030,106],{"class":98},[84,92032,54952],{"class":102},[84,92034,122],{"class":98},[20,92036,92037,92038,92040,92041,62118,92043,307],{},"This moves by ",[15,92039,199],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,92042,103],{},[15,92044,3008],{},[995,92046,92048],{"id":92047},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,92050,92051,92052,92054],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,92053,37035],{}," count backward.",[75,92056,92058],{"className":77,"code":92057,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,92059,92060],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92061,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92063,156],{"class":133},[84,92065,137],{"class":98},[84,92067,161],{"class":140},[84,92069,137],{"class":98},[84,92071,60815],{"class":133},[84,92073,137],{"class":98},[84,92075,3000],{"class":102},[84,92077,106],{"class":98},[84,92079,4685],{"class":102},[84,92081,106],{"class":98},[84,92083,3081],{"class":94},[84,92085,103],{"class":102},[84,92087,3771],{"class":98},[20,92089,172],{},[75,92091,92093],{"className":77,"code":92092,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,92094,92095],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92096,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92098,182],{"class":98},[84,92100,3000],{"class":102},[84,92102,106],{"class":98},[84,92104,119],{"class":102},[84,92106,106],{"class":98},[84,92108,114],{"class":102},[84,92110,106],{"class":98},[84,92112,109],{"class":102},[84,92114,106],{"class":98},[84,92116,6341],{"class":102},[84,92118,122],{"class":98},[20,92120,92121],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92123,92124],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[75,92126,92128],{"className":77,"code":92127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92129,92130],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92131,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92133,156],{"class":133},[84,92135,137],{"class":98},[84,92137,161],{"class":140},[84,92139,137],{"class":98},[84,92141,60815],{"class":133},[84,92143,137],{"class":98},[84,92145,103],{"class":102},[84,92147,106],{"class":98},[84,92149,5452],{"class":102},[84,92151,106],{"class":98},[84,92153,3081],{"class":94},[84,92155,103],{"class":102},[84,92157,3771],{"class":98},[20,92159,172],{},[75,92161,92162],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92163,92164],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92165,92166],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92167,1596],{"class":98},[995,92169,92170,77402,92172],{"id":77626},[15,92171,76243],{},[15,92173,2983],{},[20,92175,3693],{},[75,92177,92179],{"className":77,"code":92178,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92180,92181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92182,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92184,60815],{"class":133},[84,92186,137],{"class":98},[84,92188,103],{"class":102},[84,92190,106],{"class":98},[84,92192,5452],{"class":102},[84,92194,106],{"class":98},[84,92196,4685],{"class":102},[84,92198,150],{"class":98},[20,92200,77671,92201,92203],{},[15,92202,41521],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[70,92205,595,92207,92209,92210,92212],{"id":92206},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92208,37035],{}," in a ",[15,92211,1428],{}," loop",[20,92214,92215,92217],{},[15,92216,37035],{}," is most useful when:",[30,92219,92220,92223,92226],{},[33,92221,92222],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,92224,92225],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,92227,92228,92229],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92230,92231],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92233,814],{},[75,92235,92237],{"className":77,"code":92236,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92238,92239,92255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92240,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92242,1428],{"class":633},[84,92244,70362],{"class":90},[84,92246,1434],{"class":633},[84,92248,54886],{"class":133},[84,92250,137],{"class":98},[84,92252,208],{"class":102},[84,92254,628],{"class":98},[84,92256,92257,92259,92261,92263,92266,92268,92270,92272],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92258,1445],{"class":133},[84,92260,137],{"class":98},[84,92262,3711],{"class":185},[84,92264,92265],{"class":189},"Loop number:",[84,92267,3711],{"class":185},[84,92269,106],{"class":98},[84,92271,36967],{"class":146},[84,92273,150],{"class":98},[20,92275,172],{},[75,92277,92279],{"className":77,"code":92278,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92280,92281,92290,92298],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92282,92283,92286,92288],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92284,92285],{"class":90},"Loop number",[84,92287,3743],{"class":98},[84,92289,39337],{"class":102},[84,92291,92292,92294,92296],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92293,92285],{"class":90},[84,92295,3743],{"class":98},[84,92297,30456],{"class":102},[84,92299,92300,92302,92304],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92301,92285],{"class":90},[84,92303,3743],{"class":98},[84,92305,643],{"class":102},[995,92307,92309],{"id":92308},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[75,92311,92313],{"className":77,"code":92312,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92314,92315,92331],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92316,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92318,1428],{"class":633},[84,92320,70362],{"class":90},[84,92322,1434],{"class":633},[84,92324,54886],{"class":133},[84,92326,137],{"class":98},[84,92328,3000],{"class":102},[84,92330,628],{"class":98},[84,92332,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92334,1445],{"class":133},[84,92336,137],{"class":98},[84,92338,3711],{"class":185},[84,92340,35703],{"class":189},[84,92342,3711],{"class":185},[84,92344,150],{"class":98},[20,92346,92347,92348,92350],{},"This prints ",[15,92349,91016],{}," five times.",[995,92352,92354],{"id":92353},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[75,92356,92358],{"className":77,"code":92357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92359,92360,92380],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92361,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92363,1428],{"class":633},[84,92365,70362],{"class":90},[84,92367,1434],{"class":633},[84,92369,54886],{"class":133},[84,92371,137],{"class":98},[84,92373,103],{"class":102},[84,92375,106],{"class":98},[84,92377,119],{"class":102},[84,92379,628],{"class":98},[84,92381,92382,92384,92386,92388,92391,92393,92395,92397],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92383,1445],{"class":133},[84,92385,137],{"class":98},[84,92387,3711],{"class":185},[84,92389,92390],{"class":189},"Current number is",[84,92392,3711],{"class":185},[84,92394,106],{"class":98},[84,92396,36967],{"class":146},[84,92398,150],{"class":98},[20,92400,172],{},[75,92402,92404],{"className":77,"code":92403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92405,92406,92415,92423],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92407,92408,92411,92413],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92409,92410],{"class":90},"Current number ",[84,92412,13037],{"class":94},[84,92414,30456],{"class":102},[84,92416,92417,92419,92421],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92418,92410],{"class":90},[84,92420,13037],{"class":94},[84,92422,643],{"class":102},[84,92424,92425,92427,92429],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92426,92410],{"class":90},[84,92428,13037],{"class":94},[84,92430,3432],{"class":102},[995,92432,92434,92436],{"id":92433},"range-and-indexing",[15,92435,37035],{}," and indexing",[20,92438,92439],{},"You may see code like this:",[75,92441,92443],{"className":77,"code":92442,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92444,92445,92477,92481,92501],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92446,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92448,8620],{"class":90},[84,92450,95],{"class":94},[84,92452,99],{"class":98},[84,92454,3711],{"class":185},[84,92456,303],{"class":189},[84,92458,3711],{"class":185},[84,92460,106],{"class":98},[84,92462,4211],{"class":185},[84,92464,5608],{"class":189},[84,92466,3711],{"class":185},[84,92468,106],{"class":98},[84,92470,4211],{"class":185},[84,92472,10580],{"class":189},[84,92474,3711],{"class":185},[84,92476,122],{"class":98},[84,92478,92479],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92480,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,92482,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92484,1428],{"class":633},[84,92486,70362],{"class":90},[84,92488,1434],{"class":633},[84,92490,54886],{"class":133},[84,92492,137],{"class":98},[84,92494,12005],{"class":133},[84,92496,137],{"class":98},[84,92498,8649],{"class":146},[84,92500,70377],{"class":98},[84,92502,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,92504,1445],{"class":133},[84,92506,137],{"class":98},[84,92508,36992],{"class":146},[84,92510,106],{"class":98},[84,92512,6808],{"class":146},[84,92514,182],{"class":98},[84,92516,36992],{"class":146},[84,92518,4737],{"class":98},[20,92520,172],{},[75,92522,92523],{"className":77,"code":37004,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92524,92525,92531,92537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92526,92527,92529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92528,2983],{"class":102},[84,92530,37013],{"class":90},[84,92532,92533,92535],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92534,103],{"class":102},[84,92536,850],{"class":90},[84,92538,92539,92541],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92540,199],{"class":102},[84,92542,37026],{"class":90},[20,92544,92545,92546,92550],{},"This works, and it uses ",[303,92547,92548],{"href":43175},[15,92549,43178],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92552,92553],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[75,92555,92557],{"className":77,"code":92556,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92558,92559,92591,92595,92607],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92560,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587,92589],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92562,8620],{"class":90},[84,92564,95],{"class":94},[84,92566,99],{"class":98},[84,92568,3711],{"class":185},[84,92570,303],{"class":189},[84,92572,3711],{"class":185},[84,92574,106],{"class":98},[84,92576,4211],{"class":185},[84,92578,5608],{"class":189},[84,92580,3711],{"class":185},[84,92582,106],{"class":98},[84,92584,4211],{"class":185},[84,92586,10580],{"class":189},[84,92588,3711],{"class":185},[84,92590,122],{"class":98},[84,92592,92593],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92594,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,92596,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92598,1428],{"class":633},[84,92600,1431],{"class":90},[84,92602,1434],{"class":633},[84,92604,6808],{"class":90},[84,92606,1440],{"class":98},[84,92608,92609,92611,92613,92615],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,92610,1445],{"class":133},[84,92612,137],{"class":98},[84,92614,1450],{"class":146},[84,92616,150],{"class":98},[20,92618,37430,92619,92624],{},[303,92620,92622],{"href":92621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92623,36586],{}," is usually a better choice:",[75,92626,92628],{"className":77,"code":92627,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92629,92630,92662,92666,92686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92631,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92633,8620],{"class":90},[84,92635,95],{"class":94},[84,92637,99],{"class":98},[84,92639,3711],{"class":185},[84,92641,303],{"class":189},[84,92643,3711],{"class":185},[84,92645,106],{"class":98},[84,92647,4211],{"class":185},[84,92649,5608],{"class":189},[84,92651,3711],{"class":185},[84,92653,106],{"class":98},[84,92655,4211],{"class":185},[84,92657,10580],{"class":189},[84,92659,3711],{"class":185},[84,92661,122],{"class":98},[84,92663,92664],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92665,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,92667,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92669,1428],{"class":633},[84,92671,36658],{"class":90},[84,92673,106],{"class":98},[84,92675,1431],{"class":90},[84,92677,1434],{"class":633},[84,92679,36668],{"class":133},[84,92681,137],{"class":98},[84,92683,8649],{"class":146},[84,92685,628],{"class":98},[84,92687,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,92689,1445],{"class":133},[84,92691,137],{"class":98},[84,92693,36683],{"class":146},[84,92695,106],{"class":98},[84,92697,30348],{"class":146},[84,92699,150],{"class":98},[20,92701,79931,92702,307],{},[303,92703,37443,92704,37446],{"href":37442},[15,92705,36586],{},[70,92707,92709,92710,92712],{"id":92708},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92711,37035],{}," to a list",[20,92714,92715,92717],{},[15,92716,37035],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92719,92720,92721,3743],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92722,68],{},[75,92724,92726],{"className":77,"code":92725,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92727,92728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92729,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92731,156],{"class":133},[84,92733,137],{"class":98},[84,92735,161],{"class":140},[84,92737,137],{"class":98},[84,92739,60815],{"class":133},[84,92741,137],{"class":98},[84,92743,208],{"class":102},[84,92745,3771],{"class":98},[20,92747,172],{},[75,92749,92751],{"className":77,"code":92750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92752,92753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92754,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92756,182],{"class":98},[84,92758,2983],{"class":102},[84,92760,106],{"class":98},[84,92762,6341],{"class":102},[84,92764,106],{"class":98},[84,92766,109],{"class":102},[84,92768,122],{"class":98},[20,92770,34152],{},[30,92772,92773,92778,92781],{},[33,92774,92775,92776,42903],{},"learning how ",[15,92777,37035],{},[33,92779,92780],{},"checking your values",[33,92782,92783],{},"debugging code",[20,92785,6315],{},[75,92787,92789],{"className":77,"code":92788,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92790,92791,92805,92809,92819],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92794,91],{"class":90},[84,92796,95],{"class":94},[84,92798,54886],{"class":133},[84,92800,137],{"class":98},[84,92802,217],{"class":102},[84,92804,150],{"class":98},[84,92806,92807],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92808,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,92810,92811,92813,92815,92817],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,92812,156],{"class":133},[84,92814,137],{"class":98},[84,92816,535],{"class":146},[84,92818,150],{"class":98},[84,92820,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,92822,156],{"class":133},[84,92824,137],{"class":98},[84,92826,161],{"class":140},[84,92828,137],{"class":98},[84,92830,535],{"class":146},[84,92832,169],{"class":98},[20,92834,172],{},[75,92836,92838],{"className":77,"code":92837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92839,92840,92854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92841,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92843,60815],{"class":133},[84,92845,137],{"class":98},[84,92847,2983],{"class":102},[84,92849,106],{"class":98},[84,92851,119],{"class":102},[84,92853,150],{"class":98},[84,92855,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,92857,182],{"class":98},[84,92859,2983],{"class":102},[84,92861,106],{"class":98},[84,92863,6341],{"class":102},[84,92865,106],{"class":98},[84,92867,109],{"class":102},[84,92869,106],{"class":98},[84,92871,114],{"class":102},[84,92873,122],{"class":98},[20,92875,92876,92877,11427,92879,92882],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92878,60815],{},[15,92880,92881],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[70,92884,2058],{"id":2057},[20,92886,34381,92887,307],{},[15,92888,37035],{},[995,92890,92892],{"id":92891},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92894,92895],{},"Many beginners think this:",[75,92897,92899],{"className":77,"code":92898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92900,92901],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92902,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92904,156],{"class":133},[84,92906,137],{"class":98},[84,92908,161],{"class":140},[84,92910,137],{"class":98},[84,92912,60815],{"class":133},[84,92914,137],{"class":98},[84,92916,103],{"class":102},[84,92918,106],{"class":98},[84,92920,5452],{"class":102},[84,92922,3771],{"class":98},[20,92924,92925],{},"will produce:",[75,92927,92929],{"className":77,"code":92928,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92930,92931],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92932,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92934,182],{"class":98},[84,92936,103],{"class":102},[84,92938,106],{"class":98},[84,92940,109],{"class":102},[84,92942,106],{"class":98},[84,92944,114],{"class":102},[84,92946,106],{"class":98},[84,92948,119],{"class":102},[84,92950,106],{"class":98},[84,92952,5452],{"class":102},[84,92954,122],{"class":98},[20,92956,92957],{},"But the real output is:",[75,92959,92960],{"className":77,"code":54322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,92961,92962],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,92963,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,92965,182],{"class":98},[84,92967,103],{"class":102},[84,92969,106],{"class":98},[84,92971,109],{"class":102},[84,92973,106],{"class":98},[84,92975,114],{"class":102},[84,92977,106],{"class":98},[84,92979,119],{"class":102},[84,92981,122],{"class":98},[20,92983,92984],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[995,92986,5426,92988,92990,92991],{"id":92987},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92989,91452],{}," starts at ",[15,92992,103],{},[20,92994,38301,92995,19805,92997,307],{},[15,92996,2983],{},[15,92998,103],{},[75,93000,93001],{"className":77,"code":91645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93002,93003],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93004,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93006,156],{"class":133},[84,93008,137],{"class":98},[84,93010,161],{"class":140},[84,93012,137],{"class":98},[84,93014,60815],{"class":133},[84,93016,137],{"class":98},[84,93018,3000],{"class":102},[84,93020,3771],{"class":98},[20,93022,172],{},[75,93024,93025],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93026,93027],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93028,93029,93031,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93030,182],{"class":98},[84,93032,2983],{"class":102},[84,93034,106],{"class":98},[84,93036,6341],{"class":102},[84,93038,106],{"class":98},[84,93040,109],{"class":102},[84,93042,106],{"class":98},[84,93044,114],{"class":102},[84,93046,106],{"class":98},[84,93048,119],{"class":102},[84,93050,122],{"class":98},[995,93052,93054],{"id":93053},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,93056,93057,93058,3743],{},"This often happens with ",[15,93059,3817],{},[75,93061,93063],{"className":77,"code":93062,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93064,93065,93084,93088,93105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93066,93067,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93068,93069],{"class":90},"user_number ",[84,93071,95],{"class":94},[84,93073,9081],{"class":133},[84,93075,137],{"class":98},[84,93077,3711],{"class":185},[84,93079,42689],{"class":189},[84,93081,3711],{"class":185},[84,93083,150],{"class":98},[84,93085,93086],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93087,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,93089,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93103],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,93091,1428],{"class":633},[84,93093,70362],{"class":90},[84,93095,1434],{"class":633},[84,93097,54886],{"class":133},[84,93099,137],{"class":98},[84,93101,93102],{"class":146},"user_number",[84,93104,628],{"class":98},[84,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,93108,1445],{"class":133},[84,93110,137],{"class":98},[84,93112,36992],{"class":146},[84,93114,150],{"class":98},[20,93116,49325,93117,93119],{},[15,93118,3817],{}," returns a string.",[20,93121,11650],{},[75,93123,93125],{"className":77,"code":93124,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93126,93127,93149,93153,93169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93128,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93130,93069],{"class":90},[84,93132,95],{"class":94},[84,93134,46094],{"class":140},[84,93136,137],{"class":98},[84,93138,43280],{"class":133},[84,93140,137],{"class":98},[84,93142,3711],{"class":185},[84,93144,42689],{"class":189},[84,93146,3711],{"class":185},[84,93148,169],{"class":98},[84,93150,93151],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93152,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,93154,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,93156,1428],{"class":633},[84,93158,70362],{"class":90},[84,93160,1434],{"class":633},[84,93162,54886],{"class":133},[84,93164,137],{"class":98},[84,93166,93102],{"class":146},[84,93168,628],{"class":98},[84,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,93172,1445],{"class":133},[84,93174,137],{"class":98},[84,93176,36992],{"class":146},[84,93178,150],{"class":98},[20,93180,93181,93182,307],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[303,93183,51339,93184],{"href":51338},[15,93185,51342],{},[995,93187,93189,93190,93192,93193],{"id":93188},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93191,36910],{}," smaller than ",[15,93194,76240],{},[20,93196,93197],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[75,93199,93200],{"className":77,"code":92127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93201,93202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93203,93204,93206,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93205,156],{"class":133},[84,93207,137],{"class":98},[84,93209,161],{"class":140},[84,93211,137],{"class":98},[84,93213,60815],{"class":133},[84,93215,137],{"class":98},[84,93217,103],{"class":102},[84,93219,106],{"class":98},[84,93221,5452],{"class":102},[84,93223,106],{"class":98},[84,93225,3081],{"class":94},[84,93227,103],{"class":102},[84,93229,3771],{"class":98},[20,93231,172],{},[75,93233,93234],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93235,93236],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93237,93238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93239,1596],{"class":98},[20,93241,93242],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[995,93244,26456,93246],{"id":93245},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93247,93248],{},"step = 0",[20,93250,78382],{},[75,93252,93254],{"className":77,"code":93253,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93255,93256],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93257,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266,93268,93270,93272],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93259,60815],{"class":133},[84,93261,137],{"class":98},[84,93263,103],{"class":102},[84,93265,106],{"class":98},[84,93267,6847],{"class":102},[84,93269,106],{"class":98},[84,93271,4685],{"class":102},[84,93273,150],{"class":98},[20,93275,93276],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[995,93278,5551,93280,93282],{"id":93279},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93281,37035],{}," is not a list",[20,93284,93285],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[75,93287,93289],{"className":77,"code":93288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93290,93291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93292,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93294,156],{"class":133},[84,93296,137],{"class":98},[84,93298,60815],{"class":133},[84,93300,137],{"class":98},[84,93302,3000],{"class":102},[84,93304,169],{"class":98},[20,93306,172],{},[75,93308,93310],{"className":77,"code":93309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93311,93312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93313,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93315,60815],{"class":133},[84,93317,137],{"class":98},[84,93319,2983],{"class":102},[84,93321,106],{"class":98},[84,93323,5452],{"class":102},[84,93325,150],{"class":98},[20,93327,93328],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[75,93330,93331],{"className":77,"code":91645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93332,93333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93334,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93336,156],{"class":133},[84,93338,137],{"class":98},[84,93340,161],{"class":140},[84,93342,137],{"class":98},[84,93344,60815],{"class":133},[84,93346,137],{"class":98},[84,93348,3000],{"class":102},[84,93350,3771],{"class":98},[20,93352,172],{},[75,93354,93355],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,93356,93357],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93358,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377,93379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93360,182],{"class":98},[84,93362,2983],{"class":102},[84,93364,106],{"class":98},[84,93366,6341],{"class":102},[84,93368,106],{"class":98},[84,93370,109],{"class":102},[84,93372,106],{"class":98},[84,93374,114],{"class":102},[84,93376,106],{"class":98},[84,93378,119],{"class":102},[84,93380,122],{"class":98},[70,93382,93384],{"id":93383},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93386,2583,93387,2586],{},[15,93388,37035],{},[75,93390,93392],{"className":77,"code":93391,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93393,93394,93408,93426,93448,93476],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93395,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93397,156],{"class":133},[84,93399,137],{"class":98},[84,93401,60815],{"class":133},[84,93403,137],{"class":98},[84,93405,3000],{"class":102},[84,93407,169],{"class":98},[84,93409,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93411,156],{"class":133},[84,93413,137],{"class":98},[84,93415,161],{"class":140},[84,93417,137],{"class":98},[84,93419,60815],{"class":133},[84,93421,137],{"class":98},[84,93423,3000],{"class":102},[84,93425,3771],{"class":98},[84,93427,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,93429,156],{"class":133},[84,93431,137],{"class":98},[84,93433,161],{"class":140},[84,93435,137],{"class":98},[84,93437,60815],{"class":133},[84,93439,137],{"class":98},[84,93441,199],{"class":102},[84,93443,106],{"class":98},[84,93445,738],{"class":102},[84,93447,3771],{"class":98},[84,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472,93474],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,93451,156],{"class":133},[84,93453,137],{"class":98},[84,93455,161],{"class":140},[84,93457,137],{"class":98},[84,93459,60815],{"class":133},[84,93461,137],{"class":98},[84,93463,437],{"class":102},[84,93465,106],{"class":98},[84,93467,4685],{"class":102},[84,93469,106],{"class":98},[84,93471,3081],{"class":94},[84,93473,199],{"class":102},[84,93475,3771],{"class":98},[84,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,93479,156],{"class":133},[84,93481,137],{"class":98},[84,93483,2624],{"class":140},[84,93485,137],{"class":98},[84,93487,60815],{"class":133},[84,93489,137],{"class":98},[84,93491,3000],{"class":102},[84,93493,3771],{"class":98},[20,93495,26848],{},[30,93497,93498,93501,93504],{},[33,93499,93500],{},"what values are being created",[33,93502,93503],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,93505,93506,93507,1256],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93508,60815],{},[70,93510,2694],{"id":2693},[995,93512,2698,93514,93516],{"id":93513},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93515,37035],{}," include the last number?",[20,93518,93519],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[995,93521,6003,93523,93525,93526,3348],{"id":93522},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93524,91452],{}," start at ",[15,93527,2983],{},[20,93529,93530,93531,307],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93532,2983],{},[995,93534,2734,93536,93538],{"id":93535},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93537,37035],{}," count backward?",[20,93540,93541,93542,307],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93543,93544],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[995,93546,2715,93548,26883],{"id":93547},"is-range-a-list",[15,93549,37035],{},[20,93551,26886,93552,93554,93555,2711],{},[15,93553,60815],{}," object. Use ",[15,93556,93557],{},"list(range(...))",[995,93559,6003,93561,49499],{"id":93560},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93562,93563],{},"range(input())",[20,93565,93566,4342,93568,307],{},[15,93567,3817],{},[15,93569,93570],{},"int(input())",[70,93572,2751],{"id":2750},[30,93574,93575,93579,93585,93591,93597],{},[33,93576,93577],{},[303,93578,36866],{"href":36865},[33,93580,93581],{},[303,93582,13,93583,591],{"href":43175},[15,93584,43178],{},[33,93586,93587],{},[303,93588,13,93589,591],{"href":92621},[15,93590,36586],{},[33,93592,93593],{},[303,93594,38352,93595,37446],{"href":37442},[15,93596,36586],{},[33,93598,93599],{},[303,93600,51339,93601],{"href":51338},[15,93602,51342],{},[2785,93604,93605],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":93607},[93608,93609,93611,93617,93625,93632,93634,93646,93647,93659],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":91461,"depth":125,"text":93610},"What range() does",{"id":91554,"depth":125,"text":93612,"children":93613},"range() syntax",[93614,93615,93616],{"id":91634,"depth":153,"text":91637},{"id":91698,"depth":153,"text":91701},{"id":91766,"depth":153,"text":91769},{"id":91837,"depth":125,"text":91838,"children":93618},[93619,93620,93621,93622,93623],{"id":91844,"depth":153,"text":91452},{"id":91907,"depth":153,"text":91910},{"id":91971,"depth":153,"text":91974},{"id":92047,"depth":153,"text":92048},{"id":77626,"depth":153,"text":93624},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92206,"depth":125,"text":93626,"children":93627},"Using range() in a for loop",[93628,93629,93630],{"id":92308,"depth":153,"text":92309},{"id":92353,"depth":153,"text":92354},{"id":92433,"depth":153,"text":93631},"range() and indexing",{"id":92708,"depth":125,"text":93633},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":93635},[93636,93637,93639,93640,93642,93644],{"id":92891,"depth":153,"text":92892},{"id":92987,"depth":153,"text":93638},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93053,"depth":153,"text":93054},{"id":93188,"depth":153,"text":93641},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93245,"depth":153,"text":93643},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93279,"depth":153,"text":93645},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93383,"depth":125,"text":93384},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":93648},[93649,93651,93653,93655,93657],{"id":93513,"depth":153,"text":93650},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93522,"depth":153,"text":93652},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93535,"depth":153,"text":93654},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93547,"depth":153,"text":93656},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93560,"depth":153,"text":93658},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91355,"description":93660},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93667,"title":93668,"body":93669,"description":95342,"extension":2830,"meta":95343,"navigation":472,"path":95344,"seo":95345,"stem":95346,"__hash__":95347},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93670,"toc":95315},[93671,93680,93687,93704,93720,93722,93771,93779,93783,93786,93806,93808,93872,93874,93917,93920,93966,93968,94001,94011,94017,94025,94042,94044,94075,94077,94102,94107,94118,94121,94191,94193,94224,94229,94234,94251,94253,94304,94306,94339,94342,94349,94354,94358,94374,94376,94420,94422,94468,94471,94484,94489,94493,94507,94509,94560,94562,94595,94600,94602,94609,94611,94634,94636,94701,94703,94720,94723,94756,94758,94786,94796,94803,94807,94810,94828,94831,94859,94862,94880,94885,94891,94894,94916,94918,94946,94948,94951,94976,94979,95092,95094,95173,95175,95181,95186,95194,95202,95206,95209,95211,95244,95246,95254,95260,95267,95274,95277,95279,95312],[10,93672,13,93674,11427,93676,93679],{"id":93673},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93675,37035],{},[15,93677,93678],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93681,93682,5241,93684,93686],{},[15,93683,37035],{},[15,93685,93678],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,93688,93689,93697],{},[33,93690,93691,93693,93694],{},[15,93692,37035],{}," creates a ",[53,93695,93696],{},"range object",[33,93698,93699,93693,93701],{},[15,93700,93678],{},[53,93702,93703],{},"real list",[20,93705,93706,93707,93709,93710,93713,93714,93716,93717,93719],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93708,91452],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93711,93712],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93715,37035],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93718,93678],{}," when you actually need a list.",[70,93721,4464],{"id":4463},[75,93723,93725],{"className":77,"code":93724,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93726,93727,93741,93754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93728,93729,93731,93733,93735,93737,93739],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93730,91],{"class":90},[84,93732,95],{"class":94},[84,93734,54886],{"class":133},[84,93736,137],{"class":98},[84,93738,3000],{"class":102},[84,93740,150],{"class":98},[84,93742,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93744,156],{"class":133},[84,93746,137],{"class":98},[84,93748,535],{"class":146},[84,93750,1970],{"class":98},[84,93752,93753],{"class":4517},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[84,93755,93756,93758,93760,93762,93764,93766,93768],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,93757,156],{"class":133},[84,93759,137],{"class":98},[84,93761,161],{"class":140},[84,93763,137],{"class":98},[84,93765,535],{"class":146},[84,93767,6204],{"class":98},[84,93769,93770],{"class":4517},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93772,224,93773,93775,93776,93778],{},[15,93774,37035],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93777,93678],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[70,93780,93782],{"id":93781},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93784,93785],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,93787,93788,93795,93800,93803],{},[33,93789,93790,22818,93792,93794],{},[15,93791,37035],{},[53,93793,93696],{},", not a list",[33,93796,93797,93799],{},[15,93798,93678],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,93801,93802],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,93804,93805],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93807,814],{},[75,93809,93811],{"className":77,"code":93810,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93812,93813,93828,93847,93851,93861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93814,93815,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93816,93817],{"class":90},"r ",[84,93819,95],{"class":94},[84,93821,54886],{"class":133},[84,93823,137],{"class":98},[84,93825,3000],{"class":102},[84,93827,150],{"class":98},[84,93829,93830,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93831,93832],{"class":90},"lst ",[84,93834,95],{"class":94},[84,93836,1636],{"class":140},[84,93838,137],{"class":98},[84,93840,60815],{"class":133},[84,93842,137],{"class":98},[84,93844,3000],{"class":102},[84,93846,169],{"class":98},[84,93848,93849],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,93850,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,93854,156],{"class":133},[84,93856,137],{"class":98},[84,93858,61322],{"class":146},[84,93860,150],{"class":98},[84,93862,93863,93865,93867,93870],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,93864,156],{"class":133},[84,93866,137],{"class":98},[84,93868,93869],{"class":146},"lst",[84,93871,150],{"class":98},[20,93873,172],{},[75,93875,93877],{"className":77,"code":93876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93878,93879,93893],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93880,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93882,60815],{"class":133},[84,93884,137],{"class":98},[84,93886,2983],{"class":102},[84,93888,106],{"class":98},[84,93890,5452],{"class":102},[84,93892,150],{"class":98},[84,93894,93895,93897,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93896,182],{"class":98},[84,93898,2983],{"class":102},[84,93900,106],{"class":98},[84,93902,6341],{"class":102},[84,93904,106],{"class":98},[84,93906,109],{"class":102},[84,93908,106],{"class":98},[84,93910,114],{"class":102},[84,93912,106],{"class":98},[84,93914,119],{"class":102},[84,93916,122],{"class":98},[20,93918,93919],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[75,93921,93923],{"className":77,"code":93922,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93924,93925,93943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93926,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93928,156],{"class":133},[84,93930,137],{"class":98},[84,93932,2624],{"class":140},[84,93934,137],{"class":98},[84,93936,60815],{"class":133},[84,93938,137],{"class":98},[84,93940,3000],{"class":102},[84,93942,3771],{"class":98},[84,93944,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93946,156],{"class":133},[84,93948,137],{"class":98},[84,93950,2624],{"class":140},[84,93952,137],{"class":98},[84,93954,161],{"class":140},[84,93956,137],{"class":98},[84,93958,60815],{"class":133},[84,93960,137],{"class":98},[84,93962,3000],{"class":102},[84,93964,93965],{"class":98},"))))\n",[20,93967,172],{},[75,93969,93971],{"className":77,"code":93970,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93972,93973,93987],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,93974,93975,93977,93979,93981,93983,93985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,93976,1251],{"class":94},[84,93978,4152],{"class":614},[84,93980,196],{"class":185},[84,93982,60815],{"class":189},[84,93984,186],{"class":185},[84,93986,1270],{"class":94},[84,93988,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,93990,1251],{"class":94},[84,93992,4152],{"class":614},[84,93994,196],{"class":185},[84,93996,161],{"class":189},[84,93998,186],{"class":185},[84,94000,1270],{"class":94},[20,94002,94003,94004,94006,94007,307],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,94005,37035],{}," works, see ",[303,94008,13,94009,591],{"href":93662},[15,94010,37035],{},[70,94012,235,94014,94016],{"id":94013},"what-range-gives-you",[15,94015,37035],{}," gives you",[20,94018,94019,94021,94022,94024],{},[15,94020,37035],{}," is most often used in ",[15,94023,1428],{}," loops.",[30,94026,94027,94030,94033,94036],{},[33,94028,94029],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,94031,94032],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,94034,94035],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,94037,94038,94039],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,94040,94041],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,94043,814],{},[75,94045,94047],{"className":77,"code":94046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,94048,94049,94065],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94050,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94052,1428],{"class":633},[84,94054,70362],{"class":90},[84,94056,1434],{"class":633},[84,94058,54886],{"class":133},[84,94060,137],{"class":98},[84,94062,3000],{"class":102},[84,94064,628],{"class":98},[84,94066,94067,94069,94071,94073],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94068,1445],{"class":133},[84,94070,137],{"class":98},[84,94072,36992],{"class":146},[84,94074,150],{"class":98},[20,94076,172],{},[75,94078,94080],{"className":77,"code":94079,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,94081,94082,94086,94090,94094,94098],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94083,94084],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94085,48067],{"class":102},[84,94087,94088],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94089,1464],{"class":102},[84,94091,94092],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94093,1469],{"class":102},[84,94095,94096],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94097,1474],{"class":102},[84,94099,94100],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,94101,49465],{"class":102},[20,94103,21613,94104,94106],{},[15,94105,91452],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,94108,94109,94110,94112,94113,307],{},"This is one reason ",[15,94111,37035],{}," is so common with ",[303,94114,13,94116,91483],{"href":94115},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,94117,1428],{},[20,94119,94120],{},"You can also inspect it:",[75,94122,94124],{"className":77,"code":94123,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94125,94126,94148,94152,94162,94176],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94127,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94129,93817],{"class":90},[84,94131,95],{"class":94},[84,94133,54886],{"class":133},[84,94135,137],{"class":98},[84,94137,199],{"class":102},[84,94139,106],{"class":98},[84,94141,6847],{"class":102},[84,94143,106],{"class":98},[84,94145,109],{"class":102},[84,94147,150],{"class":98},[84,94149,94150],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94151,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,94153,94154,94156,94158,94160],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94155,156],{"class":133},[84,94157,137],{"class":98},[84,94159,61322],{"class":146},[84,94161,150],{"class":98},[84,94163,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94165,156],{"class":133},[84,94167,137],{"class":98},[84,94169,12005],{"class":133},[84,94171,137],{"class":98},[84,94173,61322],{"class":146},[84,94175,169],{"class":98},[84,94177,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94189],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,94179,156],{"class":133},[84,94181,137],{"class":98},[84,94183,789],{"class":102},[84,94185,22016],{"class":633},[84,94187,94188],{"class":146}," r",[84,94190,150],{"class":98},[20,94192,172],{},[75,94194,94196],{"className":77,"code":94195,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94197,94198,94216,94220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94201,60815],{"class":133},[84,94203,137],{"class":98},[84,94205,199],{"class":102},[84,94207,106],{"class":98},[84,94209,6847],{"class":102},[84,94211,106],{"class":98},[84,94213,109],{"class":102},[84,94215,150],{"class":98},[84,94217,94218],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94219,49465],{"class":102},[84,94221,94222],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94223,4828],{"class":4704},[70,94225,235,94227,94016],{"id":94226},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94228,93678],{},[20,94230,94231,94233],{},[15,94232,93678],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,94235,94236,94239,94242,94245],{},[33,94237,94238],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,94240,94241],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,94243,94244],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,94246,94247,94248,94250],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94249,37035],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94252,814],{},[75,94254,94256],{"className":77,"code":94255,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94257,94258,94276,94280,94290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94259,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94261,91],{"class":90},[84,94263,95],{"class":94},[84,94265,1636],{"class":140},[84,94267,137],{"class":98},[84,94269,60815],{"class":133},[84,94271,137],{"class":98},[84,94273,3000],{"class":102},[84,94275,169],{"class":98},[84,94277,94278],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94279,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,94281,94282,94284,94286,94288],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94283,156],{"class":133},[84,94285,137],{"class":98},[84,94287,535],{"class":146},[84,94289,150],{"class":98},[84,94291,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300,94302],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94293,156],{"class":133},[84,94295,137],{"class":98},[84,94297,535],{"class":146},[84,94299,182],{"class":98},[84,94301,199],{"class":102},[84,94303,4737],{"class":98},[20,94305,172],{},[75,94307,94309],{"className":77,"code":94308,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94310,94311,94335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94312,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94314,182],{"class":98},[84,94316,2983],{"class":102},[84,94318,106],{"class":98},[84,94320,6341],{"class":102},[84,94322,106],{"class":98},[84,94324,109],{"class":102},[84,94326,106],{"class":98},[84,94328,114],{"class":102},[84,94330,106],{"class":98},[84,94332,119],{"class":102},[84,94334,122],{"class":98},[84,94336,94337],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94338,1469],{"class":102},[20,94340,94341],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94343,94344,94345,307],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[303,94346,13,94347,591],{"href":588},[15,94348,68],{},[70,94350,1741,94352],{"id":94351},"when-to-use-range",[15,94353,37035],{},[20,94355,224,94356,11443],{},[15,94357,37035],{},[30,94359,94360,94365,94368,94371],{},[33,94361,94362,94363,92212],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94364,1428],{},[33,94366,94367],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,94369,94370],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,94372,94373],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94375,814],{},[75,94377,94379],{"className":77,"code":94378,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94380,94381,94401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94382,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94384,1428],{"class":633},[84,94386,70362],{"class":90},[84,94388,1434],{"class":633},[84,94390,54886],{"class":133},[84,94392,137],{"class":98},[84,94394,103],{"class":102},[84,94396,106],{"class":98},[84,94398,733],{"class":102},[84,94400,628],{"class":98},[84,94402,94403,94405,94407,94409,94412,94414,94416,94418],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94404,1445],{"class":133},[84,94406,137],{"class":98},[84,94408,3711],{"class":185},[84,94410,94411],{"class":189},"Count:",[84,94413,3711],{"class":185},[84,94415,106],{"class":98},[84,94417,36967],{"class":146},[84,94419,150],{"class":98},[20,94421,172],{},[75,94423,94425],{"className":77,"code":94424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94426,94427,94436,94444,94452,94460],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94428,94429,94432,94434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94430,94431],{"class":90},"Count",[84,94433,3743],{"class":98},[84,94435,30456],{"class":102},[84,94437,94438,94440,94442],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94439,94431],{"class":90},[84,94441,3743],{"class":98},[84,94443,643],{"class":102},[84,94445,94446,94448,94450],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94447,94431],{"class":90},[84,94449,3743],{"class":98},[84,94451,3432],{"class":102},[84,94453,94454,94456,94458],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94455,94431],{"class":90},[84,94457,3743],{"class":98},[84,94459,24505],{"class":102},[84,94461,94462,94464,94466],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,94463,94431],{"class":90},[84,94465,3743],{"class":98},[84,94467,35681],{"class":102},[20,94469,94470],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94472,94473,94474,94476,94477,63105,94479,307],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94475,36586],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94478,37436],{},[303,94480,37443,94482,37446],{"href":94481},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94483,36586],{},[70,94485,1741,94487],{"id":94486},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94488,93678],{},[20,94490,224,94491,11443],{},[15,94492,93678],{},[30,94494,94495,94498,94501,94504],{},[33,94496,94497],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,94499,94500],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,94502,94503],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,94505,94506],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94508,814],{},[75,94510,94512],{"className":77,"code":94511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94513,94514,94532,94546,94550],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94517,91],{"class":90},[84,94519,95],{"class":94},[84,94521,1636],{"class":140},[84,94523,137],{"class":98},[84,94525,60815],{"class":133},[84,94527,137],{"class":98},[84,94529,3000],{"class":102},[84,94531,169],{"class":98},[84,94533,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94535,535],{"class":90},[84,94537,307],{"class":98},[84,94539,14397],{"class":146},[84,94541,137],{"class":98},[84,94543,3000],{"class":102},[84,94545,150],{"class":98},[84,94547,94548],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94549,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,94551,94552,94554,94556,94558],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94553,156],{"class":133},[84,94555,137],{"class":98},[84,94557,535],{"class":146},[84,94559,150],{"class":98},[20,94561,172],{},[75,94563,94565],{"className":77,"code":94564,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94566,94567],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94568,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94570,182],{"class":98},[84,94572,2983],{"class":102},[84,94574,106],{"class":98},[84,94576,6341],{"class":102},[84,94578,106],{"class":98},[84,94580,109],{"class":102},[84,94582,106],{"class":98},[84,94584,114],{"class":102},[84,94586,106],{"class":98},[84,94588,119],{"class":102},[84,94590,106],{"class":98},[84,94592,5452],{"class":102},[84,94594,122],{"class":98},[20,94596,6903,94597,94599],{},[15,94598,535],{}," is a list.",[70,94601,16440],{"id":16439},[20,94603,94604,94606,94607,307],{},[15,94605,37035],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[53,94608,38430],{},[20,94610,2970],{},[30,94612,94613,94615,94620,94625,94628],{},[33,94614,22828],{},[33,94616,94617,94618],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94619,43178],{},[33,94621,94622,94623],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94624,1434],{},[33,94626,94627],{},"You can index it",[33,94629,94630,94631,94633],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94632,53469],{}," do not work on it",[20,94635,814],{},[75,94637,94639],{"className":77,"code":94638,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94640,94641,94655,94659,94673,94687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94642,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94644,93817],{"class":90},[84,94646,95],{"class":94},[84,94648,54886],{"class":133},[84,94650,137],{"class":98},[84,94652,3000],{"class":102},[84,94654,150],{"class":98},[84,94656,94657],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94658,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,94660,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669,94671],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94662,156],{"class":133},[84,94664,137],{"class":98},[84,94666,61322],{"class":146},[84,94668,182],{"class":98},[84,94670,199],{"class":102},[84,94672,4737],{"class":98},[84,94674,94675,94677,94679,94681,94683,94685],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,94676,156],{"class":133},[84,94678,137],{"class":98},[84,94680,12005],{"class":133},[84,94682,137],{"class":98},[84,94684,61322],{"class":146},[84,94686,169],{"class":98},[84,94688,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,94690,156],{"class":133},[84,94692,137],{"class":98},[84,94694,208],{"class":102},[84,94696,22016],{"class":633},[84,94698,94188],{"class":146},[84,94700,150],{"class":98},[20,94702,172],{},[75,94704,94706],{"className":77,"code":94705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94707,94708,94712,94716],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94709,94710],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94711,1469],{"class":102},[84,94713,94714],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94715,3806],{"class":102},[84,94717,94718],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,94719,4828],{"class":4704},[20,94721,94722],{},"Now compare that with this:",[75,94724,94726],{"className":77,"code":94725,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94727,94728,94742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94729,94730,94732,94734,94736,94738,94740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94731,93817],{"class":90},[84,94733,95],{"class":94},[84,94735,54886],{"class":133},[84,94737,137],{"class":98},[84,94739,3000],{"class":102},[84,94741,150],{"class":98},[84,94743,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,94745,61322],{"class":90},[84,94747,307],{"class":98},[84,94749,14397],{"class":146},[84,94751,137],{"class":98},[84,94753,3000],{"class":102},[84,94755,150],{"class":98},[20,94757,172],{},[75,94759,94761],{"className":77,"code":94760,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94762,94763],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94764,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94780,94782,94784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94766,26511],{"class":140},[84,94768,3743],{"class":98},[84,94770,196],{"class":185},[84,94772,60815],{"class":189},[84,94774,186],{"class":185},[84,94776,1256],{"class":140},[84,94778,94779],{"class":90}," has no attribute ",[84,94781,186],{"class":185},[84,94783,14397],{"class":189},[84,94785,30541],{"class":185},[20,94787,94788,94789,362,94791,366,94793,94795],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94790,53469],{},[15,94792,56344],{},[15,94794,65129],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94797,94798,94799,307],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[303,94800,26519,94801],{"href":36256},[15,94802,35094],{},[70,94804,94806],{"id":94805},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94808,94809],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[75,94811,94812],{"className":77,"code":93288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,94813,94814],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94815,94816,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94817,156],{"class":133},[84,94819,137],{"class":98},[84,94821,60815],{"class":133},[84,94823,137],{"class":98},[84,94825,3000],{"class":102},[84,94827,169],{"class":98},[20,94829,94830],{},"to show:",[75,94832,94833],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,94834,94835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94836,94837,94839,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855,94857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94838,182],{"class":98},[84,94840,2983],{"class":102},[84,94842,106],{"class":98},[84,94844,6341],{"class":102},[84,94846,106],{"class":98},[84,94848,109],{"class":102},[84,94850,106],{"class":98},[84,94852,114],{"class":102},[84,94854,106],{"class":98},[84,94856,119],{"class":102},[84,94858,122],{"class":98},[20,94860,94861],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[75,94863,94864],{"className":77,"code":93309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,94865,94866],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94867,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94869,60815],{"class":133},[84,94871,137],{"class":98},[84,94873,2983],{"class":102},[84,94875,106],{"class":98},[84,94877,5452],{"class":102},[84,94879,150],{"class":98},[20,94881,5475,94882,94884],{},[53,94883,55],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94886,94887,94888,94890],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[53,94889,93696],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94892,94893],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[75,94895,94896],{"className":77,"code":91645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,94897,94898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94899,94900,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912,94914],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94901,156],{"class":133},[84,94903,137],{"class":98},[84,94905,161],{"class":140},[84,94907,137],{"class":98},[84,94909,60815],{"class":133},[84,94911,137],{"class":98},[84,94913,3000],{"class":102},[84,94915,3771],{"class":98},[20,94917,172],{},[75,94919,94920],{"className":77,"code":60838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,94921,94922],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94923,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94925,182],{"class":98},[84,94927,2983],{"class":102},[84,94929,106],{"class":98},[84,94931,6341],{"class":102},[84,94933,106],{"class":98},[84,94935,109],{"class":102},[84,94937,106],{"class":98},[84,94939,114],{"class":102},[84,94941,106],{"class":98},[84,94943,119],{"class":102},[84,94945,122],{"class":98},[70,94947,3686],{"id":3685},[20,94949,94950],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94952,94953,94959,94962,94968],{},[33,94954,595,94955,94958],{},[15,94956,94957],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94960,94961],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94963,94964,94965,94967],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94966,37035],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94969,595,94970,94972,94973,94975],{},[15,94971,93678],{}," when plain ",[15,94974,37035],{}," would be simpler",[20,94977,94978],{},"These quick checks can help:",[75,94980,94982],{"className":77,"code":94981,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94983,94984,94998,95016,95034,95056,95074],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,94985,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,94987,156],{"class":133},[84,94989,137],{"class":98},[84,94991,60815],{"class":133},[84,94993,137],{"class":98},[84,94995,3000],{"class":102},[84,94997,169],{"class":98},[84,94999,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95001,156],{"class":133},[84,95003,137],{"class":98},[84,95005,161],{"class":140},[84,95007,137],{"class":98},[84,95009,60815],{"class":133},[84,95011,137],{"class":98},[84,95013,3000],{"class":102},[84,95015,3771],{"class":98},[84,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95019,156],{"class":133},[84,95021,137],{"class":98},[84,95023,2624],{"class":140},[84,95025,137],{"class":98},[84,95027,60815],{"class":133},[84,95029,137],{"class":98},[84,95031,3000],{"class":102},[84,95033,3771],{"class":98},[84,95035,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,95037,156],{"class":133},[84,95039,137],{"class":98},[84,95041,2624],{"class":140},[84,95043,137],{"class":98},[84,95045,161],{"class":140},[84,95047,137],{"class":98},[84,95049,60815],{"class":133},[84,95051,137],{"class":98},[84,95053,3000],{"class":102},[84,95055,93965],{"class":98},[84,95057,95058,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,95059,156],{"class":133},[84,95061,137],{"class":98},[84,95063,208],{"class":102},[84,95065,22016],{"class":633},[84,95067,54886],{"class":133},[84,95069,137],{"class":98},[84,95071,3000],{"class":102},[84,95073,169],{"class":98},[84,95075,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,95077,156],{"class":133},[84,95079,137],{"class":98},[84,95081,12005],{"class":133},[84,95083,137],{"class":98},[84,95085,60815],{"class":133},[84,95087,137],{"class":98},[84,95089,3000],{"class":102},[84,95091,3771],{"class":98},[20,95093,172],{},[75,95095,95097],{"className":77,"code":95096,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,95098,95099,95113,95137,95151,95165,95169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95100,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95102,60815],{"class":133},[84,95104,137],{"class":98},[84,95106,2983],{"class":102},[84,95108,106],{"class":98},[84,95110,5452],{"class":102},[84,95112,150],{"class":98},[84,95114,95115,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127,95129,95131,95133,95135],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95116,182],{"class":98},[84,95118,2983],{"class":102},[84,95120,106],{"class":98},[84,95122,6341],{"class":102},[84,95124,106],{"class":98},[84,95126,109],{"class":102},[84,95128,106],{"class":98},[84,95130,114],{"class":102},[84,95132,106],{"class":98},[84,95134,119],{"class":102},[84,95136,122],{"class":98},[84,95138,95139,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95140,1251],{"class":94},[84,95142,4152],{"class":614},[84,95144,196],{"class":185},[84,95146,60815],{"class":189},[84,95148,186],{"class":185},[84,95150,1270],{"class":94},[84,95152,95153,95155,95157,95159,95161,95163],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,95154,1251],{"class":94},[84,95156,4152],{"class":614},[84,95158,196],{"class":185},[84,95160,161],{"class":189},[84,95162,186],{"class":185},[84,95164,1270],{"class":94},[84,95166,95167],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,95168,4828],{"class":4704},[84,95170,95171],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,95172,3806],{"class":102},[70,95174,2694],{"id":2693},[995,95176,2715,95178,95180],{"id":95177},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95179,37035],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95182,47182,95183,95185],{},[15,95184,37035],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[995,95187,95189,95190,11935,95192,3348],{"id":95188},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95191,37035],{},[15,95193,93678],{},[20,95195,95196,95198,95199,95201],{},[15,95197,37035],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95200,93678],{}," creates a full list.",[995,95203,95205],{"id":95204},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95207,95208],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95210,814],{},[75,95212,95214],{"className":77,"code":95213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95215,95216,95230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95217,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95219,93817],{"class":90},[84,95221,95],{"class":94},[84,95223,54886],{"class":133},[84,95225,137],{"class":98},[84,95227,3000],{"class":102},[84,95229,150],{"class":98},[84,95231,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95233,156],{"class":133},[84,95235,137],{"class":98},[84,95237,61322],{"class":146},[84,95239,182],{"class":98},[84,95241,103],{"class":102},[84,95243,4737],{"class":98},[20,95245,172],{},[75,95247,95248],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,95249,95250],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95251,95252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95253,1464],{"class":102},[995,95255,6003,95257,95259],{"id":95256},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95258,94957],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95261,95262,95263,95266],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95264,95265],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[995,95268,95270,95271,95273],{"id":95269},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95272,37035],{}," to a list?",[20,95275,95276],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[70,95278,2751],{"id":2750},[30,95280,95281,95287,95293,95300,95306],{},[33,95282,95283],{},[303,95284,13,95285,591],{"href":93662},[15,95286,37035],{},[33,95288,95289],{},[303,95290,13,95291,591],{"href":588},[15,95292,68],{},[33,95294,95295],{},[303,95296,13,95297,95299],{"href":94115},[15,95298,1428],{}," loops explained",[33,95301,95302],{},[303,95303,38352,95304,37446],{"href":94481},[15,95305,36586],{},[33,95307,95308],{},[303,95309,26962,95310],{"href":36256},[15,95311,35094],{},[2785,95313,95314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":95316},[95317,95318,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95328,95329,95330,95341],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":93781,"depth":125,"text":93782},{"id":94013,"depth":125,"text":95320},"What range() gives you",{"id":94226,"depth":125,"text":95322},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94351,"depth":125,"text":95324},"When to use range()",{"id":94486,"depth":125,"text":95326},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16439,"depth":125,"text":16440},{"id":94805,"depth":125,"text":94806},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":95331},[95332,95334,95336,95337,95339],{"id":95177,"depth":153,"text":95333},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95188,"depth":153,"text":95335},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95204,"depth":153,"text":95205},{"id":95256,"depth":153,"text":95338},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95269,"depth":153,"text":95340},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93668,"description":95342},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95349,"title":95350,"body":95351,"description":96787,"extension":2830,"meta":96788,"navigation":472,"path":96789,"seo":96790,"stem":96791,"__hash__":96792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95352,"toc":96753},[95353,95359,95364,95367,95381,95384,95386,95425,95427,95440,95448,95453,95469,95472,95474,95476,95497,95514,95517,95576,95578,95597,95602,95608,95611,95645,95647,95660,95663,95708,95710,95733,95740,95746,95749,95790,95792,95806,95809,95867,95869,95884,95897,95903,95909,95974,95976,95995,95997,96015,96018,96022,96028,96030,96063,96065,96078,96088,96091,96152,96154,96175,96178,96180,96196,96201,96205,96210,96215,96271,96273,96291,96294,96339,96341,96349,96354,96358,96372,96374,96406,96408,96417,96419,96423,96432,96435,96467,96469,96481,96484,96488,96493,96534,96536,96544,96547,96570,96574,96576,96585,96588,96641,96643,96652,96656,96661,96672,96674,96683,96686,96692,96695,96701,96711,96719,96726,96728,96750],[10,95354,13,95356,18],{"id":95355},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95357,95358],{},"round()",[20,95360,9962,95361,95363],{},[15,95362,95358],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95365,95366],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,95368,95369,95375],{},[33,95370,95371,95374],{},[15,95372,95373],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,95376,95377,95380],{},[15,95378,95379],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95382,95383],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[70,95385,73],{"id":72},[75,95387,95389],{"className":77,"code":95388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95390,95391,95407],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95392,95393,95395,95397,95400,95402,95405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95394,156],{"class":133},[84,95396,137],{"class":98},[84,95398,95399],{"class":133},"round",[84,95401,137],{"class":98},[84,95403,95404],{"class":102},"3.14159",[84,95406,169],{"class":98},[84,95408,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95410,156],{"class":133},[84,95412,137],{"class":98},[84,95414,95399],{"class":133},[84,95416,137],{"class":98},[84,95418,95404],{"class":102},[84,95420,106],{"class":98},[84,95422,109],{"class":102},[84,95424,169],{"class":98},[20,95426,172],{},[75,95428,95430],{"className":77,"code":95429,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95431,95432,95436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95433,95434],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95435,1474],{"class":102},[84,95437,95438],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95439,40994],{"class":102},[20,95441,224,95442,95444,95445,95447],{},[15,95443,95373],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95446,95379],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[70,95449,235,95451,238],{"id":95450},"what-round-does",[15,95452,95358],{},[30,95454,95455,95460,95463,95466],{},[33,95456,95457,95459],{},[15,95458,95358],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,95461,95462],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,95464,95465],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,95467,95468],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95470,95471],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[70,95473,311],{"id":310},[20,95475,3023],{},[75,95477,95479],{"className":77,"code":95478,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95480,95481],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95482,95483,95485,95487,95489,95492,95495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95484,95399],{"class":133},[84,95486,137],{"class":98},[84,95488,3098],{"class":146},[84,95490,95491],{"class":98},"[,",[84,95493,95494],{"class":146}," ndigits",[84,95496,4737],{"class":98},[30,95498,95499,95504,95509],{},[33,95500,95501,95503],{},[15,95502,3098],{}," is the value to round",[33,95505,95506,20881],{},[15,95507,95508],{},"ndigits",[33,95510,95511,95513],{},[15,95512,95508],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95515,95516],{},"Basic examples:",[75,95518,95520],{"className":77,"code":95519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95521,95522,95537,95555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95523,95524,95526,95528,95530,95532,95535],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95525,156],{"class":133},[84,95527,137],{"class":98},[84,95529,95399],{"class":133},[84,95531,137],{"class":98},[84,95533,95534],{"class":102},"7.8",[84,95536,169],{"class":98},[84,95538,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549,95551,95553],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95540,156],{"class":133},[84,95542,137],{"class":98},[84,95544,95399],{"class":133},[84,95546,137],{"class":98},[84,95548,95534],{"class":102},[84,95550,106],{"class":98},[84,95552,6341],{"class":102},[84,95554,169],{"class":98},[84,95556,95557,95559,95561,95563,95565,95568,95570,95572,95574],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95558,156],{"class":133},[84,95560,137],{"class":98},[84,95562,95399],{"class":133},[84,95564,137],{"class":98},[84,95566,95567],{"class":102},"1234",[84,95569,106],{"class":98},[84,95571,3081],{"class":94},[84,95573,199],{"class":102},[84,95575,169],{"class":98},[20,95577,172],{},[75,95579,95581],{"className":77,"code":95580,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95582,95583,95587,95592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95584,95585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95586,3238],{"class":102},[84,95588,95589],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95590,95591],{"class":102},"7.8\n",[84,95593,95594],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95595,95596],{"class":102},"1200\n",[20,95598,95599,95600,307],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[303,95601,3277],{"href":3276},[70,95603,595,95605,95607],{"id":95604},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95606,95358],{}," with one argument",[20,95609,95610],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[75,95612,95614],{"className":77,"code":95613,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95615,95616,95630],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95619,156],{"class":133},[84,95621,137],{"class":98},[84,95623,95399],{"class":133},[84,95625,137],{"class":98},[84,95627,3219],{"class":102},[84,95629,169],{"class":98},[84,95631,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95643],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95633,156],{"class":133},[84,95635,137],{"class":98},[84,95637,95399],{"class":133},[84,95639,137],{"class":98},[84,95641,95642],{"class":102},"4.8",[84,95644,169],{"class":98},[20,95646,172],{},[75,95648,95650],{"className":77,"code":95649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4\n5\n",[15,95651,95652,95656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95653,95654],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95655,49465],{"class":102},[84,95657,95658],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95659,3806],{"class":102},[20,95661,95662],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[75,95664,95666],{"className":77,"code":95665,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95667,95668,95684,95694],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95669,95670,95672,95674,95677,95679,95682],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95671,128],{"class":90},[84,95673,95],{"class":94},[84,95675,95676],{"class":133}," round",[84,95678,137],{"class":98},[84,95680,95681],{"class":102},"10.2",[84,95683,150],{"class":98},[84,95685,95686,95688,95690,95692],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95687,156],{"class":133},[84,95689,137],{"class":98},[84,95691,166],{"class":146},[84,95693,150],{"class":98},[84,95695,95696,95698,95700,95702,95704,95706],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95697,156],{"class":133},[84,95699,137],{"class":98},[84,95701,2624],{"class":140},[84,95703,137],{"class":98},[84,95705,166],{"class":146},[84,95707,169],{"class":98},[20,95709,172],{},[75,95711,95713],{"className":77,"code":95712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95714,95715,95719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95716,95717],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95718,3233],{"class":102},[84,95720,95721,95723,95725,95727,95729,95731],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95722,1251],{"class":94},[84,95724,4152],{"class":614},[84,95726,196],{"class":185},[84,95728,365],{"class":189},[84,95730,186],{"class":185},[84,95732,1270],{"class":94},[20,95734,95735,95736,307],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[303,95737,13,95738,591],{"href":3732},[15,95739,3735],{},[70,95741,595,95743,95745],{"id":95742},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95744,95358],{}," with decimal places",[20,95747,95748],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[75,95750,95752],{"className":77,"code":95751,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95753,95754,95772],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95755,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764,95766,95768,95770],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95757,156],{"class":133},[84,95759,137],{"class":98},[84,95761,95399],{"class":133},[84,95763,137],{"class":98},[84,95765,95404],{"class":102},[84,95767,106],{"class":98},[84,95769,109],{"class":102},[84,95771,169],{"class":98},[84,95773,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786,95788],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95775,156],{"class":133},[84,95777,137],{"class":98},[84,95779,95399],{"class":133},[84,95781,137],{"class":98},[84,95783,95404],{"class":102},[84,95785,106],{"class":98},[84,95787,114],{"class":102},[84,95789,169],{"class":98},[20,95791,172],{},[75,95793,95795],{"className":77,"code":95794,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95796,95797,95801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95798,95799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95800,40994],{"class":102},[84,95802,95803],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95804,95805],{"class":102},"3.142\n",[20,95807,95808],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[75,95810,95812],{"className":77,"code":95811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95813,95814,95823,95842,95846,95856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95815,95816,95818,95820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95817,41204],{"class":90},[84,95819,95],{"class":94},[84,95821,95822],{"class":102}," 19.9876\n",[84,95824,95825,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95826,95827],{"class":90},"rounded_price ",[84,95829,95],{"class":94},[84,95831,95676],{"class":133},[84,95833,137],{"class":98},[84,95835,25989],{"class":146},[84,95837,106],{"class":98},[84,95839,109],{"class":102},[84,95841,150],{"class":98},[84,95843,95844],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95845,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,95847,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,95849,156],{"class":133},[84,95851,137],{"class":98},[84,95853,25989],{"class":146},[84,95855,150],{"class":98},[84,95857,95858,95860,95862,95865],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,95859,156],{"class":133},[84,95861,137],{"class":98},[84,95863,95864],{"class":146},"rounded_price",[84,95866,150],{"class":98},[20,95868,172],{},[75,95870,95872],{"className":77,"code":95871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95873,95874,95879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95875,95876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95877,95878],{"class":102},"19.9876\n",[84,95880,95881],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95882,95883],{"class":102},"19.99\n",[20,95885,95886,95887,95890,95891,3736,95893,307],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95888,95889],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[303,95892,41709],{"href":41708},[303,95894,13,95895,591],{"href":3739},[15,95896,3742],{},[70,95898,95900,95901],{"id":95899},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95902,95508],{},[20,95904,95905,95906,95908],{},"A negative ",[15,95907,95508],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[75,95910,95912],{"className":77,"code":95911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95913,95914,95934,95954],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95915,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95917,156],{"class":133},[84,95919,137],{"class":98},[84,95921,95399],{"class":133},[84,95923,137],{"class":98},[84,95925,95567],{"class":102},[84,95927,106],{"class":98},[84,95929,3081],{"class":94},[84,95931,103],{"class":102},[84,95933,169],{"class":98},[84,95935,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95937,156],{"class":133},[84,95939,137],{"class":98},[84,95941,95399],{"class":133},[84,95943,137],{"class":98},[84,95945,95567],{"class":102},[84,95947,106],{"class":98},[84,95949,3081],{"class":94},[84,95951,199],{"class":102},[84,95953,169],{"class":98},[84,95955,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968,95970,95972],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95957,156],{"class":133},[84,95959,137],{"class":98},[84,95961,95399],{"class":133},[84,95963,137],{"class":98},[84,95965,95567],{"class":102},[84,95967,106],{"class":98},[84,95969,3081],{"class":94},[84,95971,208],{"class":102},[84,95973,169],{"class":98},[20,95975,172],{},[75,95977,95979],{"className":77,"code":95978,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95980,95981,95986,95990],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,95982,95983],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,95984,95985],{"class":102},"1230\n",[84,95987,95988],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,95989,95596],{"class":102},[84,95991,95992],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,95993,95994],{"class":102},"1000\n",[20,95996,743],{},[30,95998,95999,96004,96010],{},[33,96000,96001,96003],{},[15,96002,66670],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,96005,96006,96009],{},[15,96007,96008],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,96011,96012,96014],{},[15,96013,48486],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,96016,96017],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[70,96019,96021],{"id":96020},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,96023,96024,96025,307],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,96026,96027],{},".5",[20,96029,6315],{},[75,96031,96033],{"className":77,"code":96032,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,96034,96035,96049],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96036,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96038,156],{"class":133},[84,96040,137],{"class":98},[84,96042,95399],{"class":133},[84,96044,137],{"class":98},[84,96046,41976],{"class":102},[84,96048,169],{"class":98},[84,96050,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96052,156],{"class":133},[84,96054,137],{"class":98},[84,96056,95399],{"class":133},[84,96058,137],{"class":98},[84,96060,2906],{"class":102},[84,96062,169],{"class":98},[20,96064,172],{},[75,96066,96068],{"className":77,"code":96067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n4\n",[15,96069,96070,96074],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96071,96072],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96073,1469],{"class":102},[84,96075,96076],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96077,49465],{"class":102},[20,96079,96080,96081,96084,96085,96087],{},"Python uses ",[53,96082,96083],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,96086,96027],{}," situations.",[20,96089,96090],{},"More examples:",[75,96092,96094],{"className":77,"code":96093,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,96095,96096,96110,96124,96138],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96097,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106,96108],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96099,156],{"class":133},[84,96101,137],{"class":98},[84,96103,95399],{"class":133},[84,96105,137],{"class":98},[84,96107,41989],{"class":102},[84,96109,169],{"class":98},[84,96111,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96113,156],{"class":133},[84,96115,137],{"class":98},[84,96117,95399],{"class":133},[84,96119,137],{"class":98},[84,96121,41976],{"class":102},[84,96123,169],{"class":98},[84,96125,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96127,156],{"class":133},[84,96129,137],{"class":98},[84,96131,95399],{"class":133},[84,96133,137],{"class":98},[84,96135,2906],{"class":102},[84,96137,169],{"class":98},[84,96139,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148,96150],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96141,156],{"class":133},[84,96143,137],{"class":98},[84,96145,95399],{"class":133},[84,96147,137],{"class":98},[84,96149,41941],{"class":102},[84,96151,169],{"class":98},[20,96153,172],{},[75,96155,96157],{"className":77,"code":96156,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96158,96159,96163,96167,96171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96160,96161],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96162,1469],{"class":102},[84,96164,96165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96166,1469],{"class":102},[84,96168,96169],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96170,49465],{"class":102},[84,96172,96173],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96174,49465],{"class":102},[20,96176,96177],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96179,11555],{},[30,96181,96182,96189],{},[33,96183,96184,2997,96187],{},[15,96185,96186],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96188,199],{},[33,96190,96191,2997,96194],{},[15,96192,96193],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96195,217],{},[20,96197,4029,96198,96200],{},[15,96199,96027],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[70,96202,96204],{"id":96203},"return-values","Return values",[20,96206,96207,96209],{},[15,96208,95358],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96211,41723,96212,96214],{},[53,96213,55],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[75,96216,96218],{"className":77,"code":96217,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96219,96220,96229,96233,96243,96261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96221,96222,96224,96226],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96223,3304],{"class":90},[84,96225,95],{"class":94},[84,96227,96228],{"class":102}," 3.14159\n",[84,96230,96231],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96232,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,96234,96235,96237,96239,96241],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96236,156],{"class":133},[84,96238,137],{"class":98},[84,96240,3329],{"class":146},[84,96242,150],{"class":98},[84,96244,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96246,156],{"class":133},[84,96248,137],{"class":98},[84,96250,95399],{"class":133},[84,96252,137],{"class":98},[84,96254,3329],{"class":146},[84,96256,106],{"class":98},[84,96258,109],{"class":102},[84,96260,169],{"class":98},[84,96262,96263,96265,96267,96269],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,96264,156],{"class":133},[84,96266,137],{"class":98},[84,96268,3329],{"class":146},[84,96270,150],{"class":98},[20,96272,172],{},[75,96274,96276],{"className":77,"code":96275,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96277,96278,96283,96287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96279,96280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96281,96282],{"class":102},"3.14159\n",[84,96284,96285],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96286,40994],{"class":102},[84,96288,96289],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96290,96282],{"class":102},[20,96292,96293],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[75,96295,96297],{"className":77,"code":96296,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96298,96299,96307,96325,96329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96300,96301,96303,96305],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96302,3304],{"class":90},[84,96304,95],{"class":94},[84,96306,96228],{"class":102},[84,96308,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96310,3304],{"class":90},[84,96312,95],{"class":94},[84,96314,95676],{"class":133},[84,96316,137],{"class":98},[84,96318,3329],{"class":146},[84,96320,106],{"class":98},[84,96322,109],{"class":102},[84,96324,150],{"class":98},[84,96326,96327],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96328,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,96330,96331,96333,96335,96337],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96332,156],{"class":133},[84,96334,137],{"class":98},[84,96336,3329],{"class":146},[84,96338,150],{"class":98},[20,96340,172],{},[75,96342,96343],{"className":77,"code":40994,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,96344,96345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96346,96347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96348,40994],{"class":102},[70,96350,1741,96352],{"id":96351},"when-to-use-round",[15,96353,95358],{},[20,96355,224,96356,7160],{},[15,96357,95358],{},[30,96359,96360,96363,96366,96369],{},[33,96361,96362],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,96364,96365],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,96367,96368],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,96370,96371],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96373,6315],{},[75,96375,96377],{"className":77,"code":96376,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96378,96379,96388],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96380,96381,96383,96385],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96382,3451],{"class":90},[84,96384,95],{"class":94},[84,96386,96387],{"class":102}," 12.67891\n",[84,96389,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96391,156],{"class":133},[84,96393,137],{"class":98},[84,96395,95399],{"class":133},[84,96397,137],{"class":98},[84,96399,3474],{"class":146},[84,96401,106],{"class":98},[84,96403,109],{"class":102},[84,96405,169],{"class":98},[20,96407,172],{},[75,96409,96411],{"className":77,"code":96410,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"12.68\n",[15,96412,96413],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96414,96415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96416,96410],{"class":102},[70,96418,3686],{"id":3685},[20,96420,23937,96421,307],{},[15,96422,95358],{},[995,96424,9291,96426,96428,96429,96431],{"id":96425},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96427,95358],{}," to always round ",[15,96430,96027],{}," upward",[20,96433,96434],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[75,96436,96437],{"className":77,"code":96032,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,96438,96439,96453],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96442,156],{"class":133},[84,96444,137],{"class":98},[84,96446,95399],{"class":133},[84,96448,137],{"class":98},[84,96450,41976],{"class":102},[84,96452,169],{"class":98},[84,96454,96455,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96456,156],{"class":133},[84,96458,137],{"class":98},[84,96460,95399],{"class":133},[84,96462,137],{"class":98},[84,96464,2906],{"class":102},[84,96466,169],{"class":98},[20,96468,172],{},[75,96470,96471],{"className":77,"code":96067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,96472,96473,96477],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96474,96475],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96476,1469],{"class":102},[84,96478,96479],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96480,49465],{"class":102},[20,96482,96483],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[995,96485,96487],{"id":96486},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96489,96490,96492],{},[15,96491,95358],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[75,96494,96496],{"className":77,"code":96495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96497,96498,96506,96520,96524],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96499,96500,96502,96504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96501,3304],{"class":90},[84,96503,95],{"class":94},[84,96505,96228],{"class":102},[84,96507,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96509,95399],{"class":133},[84,96511,137],{"class":98},[84,96513,3329],{"class":146},[84,96515,106],{"class":98},[84,96517,109],{"class":102},[84,96519,150],{"class":98},[84,96521,96522],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96523,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,96525,96526,96528,96530,96532],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96527,156],{"class":133},[84,96529,137],{"class":98},[84,96531,3329],{"class":146},[84,96533,150],{"class":98},[20,96535,172],{},[75,96537,96538],{"className":77,"code":96282,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,96539,96540],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96541,96542],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96543,96282],{"class":102},[20,96545,96546],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[75,96548,96550],{"className":77,"code":96549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96551,96552],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96553,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96555,3304],{"class":90},[84,96557,95],{"class":94},[84,96559,95676],{"class":133},[84,96561,137],{"class":98},[84,96563,3329],{"class":146},[84,96565,106],{"class":98},[84,96567,109],{"class":102},[84,96569,150],{"class":98},[995,96571,96573],{"id":96572},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96575,17243],{},[75,96577,96579],{"className":77,"code":96578,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96580,96581],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96582,96583],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96584,96578],{"class":4517},[20,96586,96587],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[75,96589,96591],{"className":77,"code":96590,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96592,96593,96605,96619,96623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96594,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96596,35526],{"class":90},[84,96598,95],{"class":94},[84,96600,4211],{"class":185},[84,96602,40960],{"class":189},[84,96604,4217],{"class":185},[84,96606,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96608,3076],{"class":90},[84,96610,95],{"class":94},[84,96612,41072],{"class":140},[84,96614,137],{"class":98},[84,96616,35547],{"class":146},[84,96618,150],{"class":98},[84,96620,96621],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96622,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,96624,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,96626,156],{"class":133},[84,96628,137],{"class":98},[84,96630,95399],{"class":133},[84,96632,137],{"class":98},[84,96634,3098],{"class":146},[84,96636,106],{"class":98},[84,96638,6341],{"class":102},[84,96640,169],{"class":98},[20,96642,172],{},[75,96644,96646],{"className":77,"code":96645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.1\n",[15,96647,96648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96649,96650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96651,96645],{"class":102},[995,96653,96655],{"id":96654},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96657,96658,96660],{},[15,96659,95358],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96662,96663,96664,3736,96668,307],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[303,96665,96666],{"href":3739},[15,96667,3742],{},[303,96669,96670],{"href":3732},[15,96671,3735],{},[70,96673,2694],{"id":2693},[995,96675,2698,96677,96679,96680,96682],{"id":96676},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96678,95358],{}," always round ",[15,96681,41031],{}," up?",[20,96684,96685],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[995,96687,2698,96689,96691],{"id":96688},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96690,95358],{}," change the original number?",[20,96693,96694],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[995,96696,2734,96698,96700],{"id":96697},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96699,95358],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96702,96703,96704,96706,96707,3736,96709,307],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96705,95508],{}," value like ",[15,96708,66670],{},[15,96710,96008],{},[995,96712,29169,96714,96716,96717,3348],{"id":96713},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96715,95358],{}," on a string like ",[15,96718,48909],{},[20,96720,96721,96722,3736,96724,307],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96723,3742],{},[15,96725,3735],{},[70,96727,2751],{"id":2750},[30,96729,96730,96736,96742,96746],{},[33,96731,96732],{},[303,96733,13,96734,591],{"href":3739},[15,96735,3742],{},[33,96737,96738],{},[303,96739,13,96740,591],{"href":3732},[15,96741,3735],{},[33,96743,96744],{},[303,96745,3277],{"href":3276},[33,96747,96748],{},[303,96749,42998],{"href":41708},[2785,96751,96752],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":96754},[96755,96756,96758,96759,96761,96763,96765,96766,96767,96769,96776,96786],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":95450,"depth":125,"text":96757},"What round() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":95604,"depth":125,"text":96760},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95742,"depth":125,"text":96762},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95899,"depth":125,"text":96764},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":96020,"depth":125,"text":96021},{"id":96203,"depth":125,"text":96204},{"id":96351,"depth":125,"text":96768},"When to use round()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":96770},[96771,96773,96774,96775],{"id":96425,"depth":153,"text":96772},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96486,"depth":153,"text":96487},{"id":96572,"depth":153,"text":96573},{"id":96654,"depth":153,"text":96655},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":96777},[96778,96780,96782,96784],{"id":96676,"depth":153,"text":96779},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96688,"depth":153,"text":96781},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96697,"depth":153,"text":96783},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96713,"depth":153,"text":96785},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95350,"description":96787},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96794,"title":96795,"body":96796,"description":97981,"extension":2830,"meta":97982,"navigation":472,"path":97983,"seo":97984,"stem":97985,"__hash__":97986},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96797,"toc":97955},[96798,96805,96811,96814,96816,96865,96869,96894,96899,96904,96909,96923,96934,96936,96955,96957,96973,96976,96987,96989,96991,97052,97056,97089,97096,97103,97106,97139,97142,97146,97149,97202,97206,97227,97233,97240,97247,97308,97316,97393,97397,97409,97418,97420,97426,97432,97436,97489,97492,97550,97554,97562,97565,97569,97572,97582,97584,97681,97684,97695,97698,97741,97745,97769,97772,97778,97780,97784,97809,97811,97878,97887,97889,97895,97900,97904,97907,97911,97918,97922,97927,97929,97946,97952],[10,96799,96801,96802,12166],{"id":96800},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96803,96804],{},"add()",[20,96806,96807,96810],{},[15,96808,96809],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96812,96813],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[70,96815,73],{"id":72},[75,96817,96819],{"className":77,"code":96818,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96820,96821,96841,96855],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96824,91],{"class":90},[84,96826,95],{"class":94},[84,96828,11332],{"class":98},[84,96830,103],{"class":102},[84,96832,106],{"class":98},[84,96834,109],{"class":102},[84,96836,106],{"class":98},[84,96838,114],{"class":102},[84,96840,10149],{"class":98},[84,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,96844,535],{"class":90},[84,96846,307],{"class":98},[84,96848,2349],{"class":146},[84,96850,137],{"class":98},[84,96852,217],{"class":102},[84,96854,150],{"class":98},[84,96856,96857,96859,96861,96863],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,96858,156],{"class":133},[84,96860,137],{"class":98},[84,96862,535],{"class":146},[84,96864,150],{"class":98},[20,96866,96867],{},[53,96868,172],{},[75,96870,96872],{"className":77,"code":96871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96873,96874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96875,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96877,10118],{"class":98},[84,96879,103],{"class":102},[84,96881,106],{"class":98},[84,96883,109],{"class":102},[84,96885,106],{"class":98},[84,96887,114],{"class":102},[84,96889,106],{"class":98},[84,96891,119],{"class":102},[84,96893,10149],{"class":98},[20,96895,224,96896,96898],{},[15,96897,96804],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[70,96900,235,96902,238],{"id":96901},"what-setadd-does",[15,96903,96809],{},[20,96905,96906,96908],{},[15,96907,96809],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96910,96911,96914,96917,96920],{},[33,96912,96913],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96915,96916],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96918,96919],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96921,96922],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96924,96925,96926,3736,96930,307],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[303,96927,96929],{"href":96928},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[303,96931,96933],{"href":96932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[70,96935,311],{"id":310},[75,96937,96939],{"className":77,"code":96938,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96940,96941],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96942,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96944,16510],{"class":90},[84,96946,307],{"class":98},[84,96948,2349],{"class":146},[84,96950,137],{"class":98},[84,96952,1450],{"class":146},[84,96954,150],{"class":98},[20,96956,12303],{},[30,96958,96959,96964,96967],{},[33,96960,56724,96961,96963],{},[15,96962,96804],{}," on an existing set",[33,96965,96966],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96968,96969,96970],{},"The item must be ",[53,96971,96972],{},"hashable",[20,96974,96975],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96977,96978,96980,96982,96985],{},[33,96979,57277],{},[33,96981,57280],{},[33,96983,96984],{},"Tuples",[33,96986,41412],{},[70,96988,418],{"id":417},[20,96990,12321],{},[75,96992,96994],{"className":77,"code":96993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96995,96996,97020,97038,97042],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,96999,13919],{"class":90},[84,97001,95],{"class":94},[84,97003,11332],{"class":98},[84,97005,3711],{"class":185},[84,97007,13936],{"class":189},[84,97009,3711],{"class":185},[84,97011,106],{"class":98},[84,97013,4211],{"class":185},[84,97015,13953],{"class":189},[84,97017,3711],{"class":185},[84,97019,10149],{"class":98},[84,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97023,18343],{"class":90},[84,97025,307],{"class":98},[84,97027,2349],{"class":146},[84,97029,137],{"class":98},[84,97031,3711],{"class":185},[84,97033,18296],{"class":189},[84,97035,3711],{"class":185},[84,97037,150],{"class":98},[84,97039,97040],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97041,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97043,97044,97046,97048,97050],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97045,156],{"class":133},[84,97047,137],{"class":98},[84,97049,18343],{"class":146},[84,97051,150],{"class":98},[20,97053,97054],{},[53,97055,30871],{},[75,97057,97059],{"className":77,"code":97058,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,97060,97061],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97064,10118],{"class":98},[84,97066,186],{"class":185},[84,97068,13936],{"class":189},[84,97070,186],{"class":185},[84,97072,106],{"class":98},[84,97074,196],{"class":185},[84,97076,18296],{"class":189},[84,97078,186],{"class":185},[84,97080,106],{"class":98},[84,97082,196],{"class":185},[84,97084,13953],{"class":189},[84,97086,186],{"class":185},[84,97088,10149],{"class":98},[20,97090,97091,97092,97095],{},"The new value ",[15,97093,97094],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,97097,97098,97099,97102],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[53,97100,97101],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,97104,97105],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[75,97107,97109],{"className":77,"code":97108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,97110,97111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97112,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123,97125,97127,97129,97131,97133,97135,97137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97114,10118],{"class":98},[84,97116,186],{"class":185},[84,97118,13953],{"class":189},[84,97120,186],{"class":185},[84,97122,106],{"class":98},[84,97124,196],{"class":185},[84,97126,13936],{"class":189},[84,97128,186],{"class":185},[84,97130,106],{"class":98},[84,97132,196],{"class":185},[84,97134,18296],{"class":189},[84,97136,186],{"class":185},[84,97138,10149],{"class":98},[20,97140,97141],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[70,97143,97145],{"id":97144},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97147,97148],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[75,97150,97152],{"className":77,"code":97151,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97153,97154,97174,97188,97192],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97155,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166,97168,97170,97172],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97157,91],{"class":90},[84,97159,95],{"class":94},[84,97161,11332],{"class":98},[84,97163,103],{"class":102},[84,97165,106],{"class":98},[84,97167,109],{"class":102},[84,97169,106],{"class":98},[84,97171,114],{"class":102},[84,97173,10149],{"class":98},[84,97175,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97177,535],{"class":90},[84,97179,307],{"class":98},[84,97181,2349],{"class":146},[84,97183,137],{"class":98},[84,97185,199],{"class":102},[84,97187,150],{"class":98},[84,97189,97190],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97191,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97193,97194,97196,97198,97200],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97195,156],{"class":133},[84,97197,137],{"class":98},[84,97199,535],{"class":146},[84,97201,150],{"class":98},[20,97203,97204],{},[53,97205,172],{},[75,97207,97209],{"className":77,"code":97208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97210,97211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223,97225],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97214,10118],{"class":98},[84,97216,103],{"class":102},[84,97218,106],{"class":98},[84,97220,109],{"class":102},[84,97222,106],{"class":98},[84,97224,114],{"class":102},[84,97226,10149],{"class":98},[20,97228,97229,97230,97232],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97231,199],{}," was already present.",[70,97234,97236,11427,97238],{"id":97235},"add-vs-update",[15,97237,96804],{},[15,97239,15797],{},[20,97241,224,97242,97244,97245,307],{},[15,97243,96804],{}," when you want to add ",[53,97246,53473],{},[75,97248,97250],{"className":77,"code":97249,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97251,97252,97276,97294,97298],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97253,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97255,36928],{"class":90},[84,97257,95],{"class":94},[84,97259,11332],{"class":98},[84,97261,3711],{"class":185},[84,97263,303],{"class":189},[84,97265,3711],{"class":185},[84,97267,106],{"class":98},[84,97269,4211],{"class":185},[84,97271,5608],{"class":189},[84,97273,3711],{"class":185},[84,97275,10149],{"class":98},[84,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97279,36981],{"class":90},[84,97281,307],{"class":98},[84,97283,2349],{"class":146},[84,97285,137],{"class":98},[84,97287,3711],{"class":185},[84,97289,10580],{"class":189},[84,97291,3711],{"class":185},[84,97293,150],{"class":98},[84,97295,97296],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97297,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97299,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97301,156],{"class":133},[84,97303,137],{"class":98},[84,97305,36981],{"class":146},[84,97307,150],{"class":98},[20,97309,224,97310,97244,97312,97315],{},[15,97311,15797],{},[53,97313,97314],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[75,97317,97319],{"className":77,"code":97318,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97320,97321,97345,97379,97383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97322,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97324,36928],{"class":90},[84,97326,95],{"class":94},[84,97328,11332],{"class":98},[84,97330,3711],{"class":185},[84,97332,303],{"class":189},[84,97334,3711],{"class":185},[84,97336,106],{"class":98},[84,97338,4211],{"class":185},[84,97340,5608],{"class":189},[84,97342,3711],{"class":185},[84,97344,10149],{"class":98},[84,97346,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97348,36981],{"class":90},[84,97350,307],{"class":98},[84,97352,31306],{"class":146},[84,97354,3845],{"class":98},[84,97356,3711],{"class":185},[84,97358,10580],{"class":189},[84,97360,3711],{"class":185},[84,97362,106],{"class":98},[84,97364,4211],{"class":185},[84,97366,19609],{"class":189},[84,97368,3711],{"class":185},[84,97370,106],{"class":98},[84,97372,4211],{"class":185},[84,97374,61264],{"class":189},[84,97376,3711],{"class":185},[84,97378,4737],{"class":98},[84,97380,97381],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97382,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97384,97385,97387,97389,97391],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97386,156],{"class":133},[84,97388,137],{"class":98},[84,97390,36981],{"class":146},[84,97392,150],{"class":98},[995,97394,97396],{"id":97395},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,97398,97399,97404],{},[33,97400,97401,97403],{},[15,97402,96804],{}," adds one item",[33,97405,97406,97408],{},[15,97407,15797],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97410,97411,97412,307],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[303,97413,97415,97416,11583],{"href":97414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97417,15797],{},[70,97419,18259],{"id":18258},[20,97421,97422,3254,97424,307],{},[15,97423,96809],{},[15,97425,4630],{},[20,97427,97428,97429,97431],{},"That means you should ",[53,97430,55],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[995,97433,97435],{"id":97434},"correct","Correct",[75,97437,97439],{"className":77,"code":97438,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97440,97441,97461,97475,97479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97442,97443,97445,97447,97449,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97444,16472],{"class":90},[84,97446,95],{"class":94},[84,97448,11332],{"class":98},[84,97450,103],{"class":102},[84,97452,106],{"class":98},[84,97454,109],{"class":102},[84,97456,106],{"class":98},[84,97458,114],{"class":102},[84,97460,10149],{"class":98},[84,97462,97463,97465,97467,97469,97471,97473],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97464,16510],{"class":90},[84,97466,307],{"class":98},[84,97468,2349],{"class":146},[84,97470,137],{"class":98},[84,97472,217],{"class":102},[84,97474,150],{"class":98},[84,97476,97477],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97478,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97480,97481,97483,97485,97487],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97482,156],{"class":133},[84,97484,137],{"class":98},[84,97486,16510],{"class":146},[84,97488,150],{"class":98},[995,97490,97491],{"id":62586},"Wrong",[75,97493,97495],{"className":77,"code":97494,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97496,97497,97517,97536,97540],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97498,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513,97515],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97500,16472],{"class":90},[84,97502,95],{"class":94},[84,97504,11332],{"class":98},[84,97506,103],{"class":102},[84,97508,106],{"class":98},[84,97510,109],{"class":102},[84,97512,106],{"class":98},[84,97514,114],{"class":102},[84,97516,10149],{"class":98},[84,97518,97519,97521,97523,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97520,16472],{"class":90},[84,97522,95],{"class":94},[84,97524,97525],{"class":90}," my_set",[84,97527,307],{"class":98},[84,97529,2349],{"class":146},[84,97531,137],{"class":98},[84,97533,217],{"class":102},[84,97535,150],{"class":98},[84,97537,97538],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97539,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97541,97542,97544,97546,97548],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97543,156],{"class":133},[84,97545,137],{"class":98},[84,97547,16510],{"class":146},[84,97549,150],{"class":98},[20,97551,97552],{},[53,97553,172],{},[75,97555,97556],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,97557,97558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97559,97560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97561,12651],{"class":4704},[20,97563,97564],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[70,97566,97568],{"id":97567},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97570,97571],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,97573,97574,97576,97578,97580],{},[33,97575,57277],{},[33,97577,57280],{},[33,97579,96984],{},[33,97581,41412],{},[20,97583,814],{},[75,97585,97587],{"className":77,"code":97586,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97588,97589,97599,97603,97617,97635,97653,97667,97671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97592,8620],{"class":90},[84,97594,95],{"class":94},[84,97596,16477],{"class":140},[84,97598,9482],{"class":98},[84,97600,97601],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97602,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97604,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97606,8649],{"class":90},[84,97608,307],{"class":98},[84,97610,2349],{"class":146},[84,97612,137],{"class":98},[84,97614,437],{"class":102},[84,97616,150],{"class":98},[84,97618,97619,97621,97623,97625,97627,97629,97631,97633],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97620,8649],{"class":90},[84,97622,307],{"class":98},[84,97624,2349],{"class":146},[84,97626,137],{"class":98},[84,97628,3711],{"class":185},[84,97630,4697],{"class":189},[84,97632,3711],{"class":185},[84,97634,150],{"class":98},[84,97636,97637,97639,97641,97643,97645,97647,97649,97651],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,97638,8649],{"class":90},[84,97640,307],{"class":98},[84,97642,2349],{"class":146},[84,97644,6354],{"class":98},[84,97646,103],{"class":102},[84,97648,106],{"class":98},[84,97650,109],{"class":102},[84,97652,169],{"class":98},[84,97654,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663,97665],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,97656,8649],{"class":90},[84,97658,307],{"class":98},[84,97660,2349],{"class":146},[84,97662,137],{"class":98},[84,97664,4459],{"class":4704},[84,97666,150],{"class":98},[84,97668,97669],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,97670,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,97674,156],{"class":133},[84,97676,137],{"class":98},[84,97678,8649],{"class":146},[84,97680,150],{"class":98},[20,97682,97683],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,97685,97686,97689,97692],{},[33,97687,97688],{},"Lists",[33,97690,97691],{},"Dictionaries",[33,97693,97694],{},"Sets",[20,97696,97697],{},"Example that causes an error:",[75,97699,97701],{"className":77,"code":97700,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97702,97703,97723],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97704,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97706,8620],{"class":90},[84,97708,95],{"class":94},[84,97710,11332],{"class":98},[84,97712,103],{"class":102},[84,97714,106],{"class":98},[84,97716,109],{"class":102},[84,97718,106],{"class":98},[84,97720,114],{"class":102},[84,97722,10149],{"class":98},[84,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97726,8649],{"class":90},[84,97728,307],{"class":98},[84,97730,2349],{"class":146},[84,97732,3845],{"class":98},[84,97734,217],{"class":102},[84,97736,106],{"class":98},[84,97738,5452],{"class":102},[84,97740,4737],{"class":98},[20,97742,97743],{},[53,97744,30522],{},[75,97746,97748],{"className":77,"code":97747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97749,97750],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97751,97752,97754,97756,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97753,3864],{"class":140},[84,97755,3743],{"class":98},[84,97757,97758],{"class":90}," unhashable ",[84,97760,2624],{"class":140},[84,97762,3743],{"class":98},[84,97764,196],{"class":185},[84,97766,161],{"class":189},[84,97768,30541],{"class":185},[20,97770,97771],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97773,97774,97775,307],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97776,97777],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[70,97779,3686],{"id":3685},[20,97781,15577,97782,3743],{},[15,97783,96809],{},[30,97785,97786,97791,97796,97799,97806],{},[33,97787,595,97788,97790],{},[15,97789,96804],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,97792,9291,97793,97795],{},[15,97794,96804],{}," to return the updated set",[33,97797,97798],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,97800,38041,97801,97803,97804],{},[15,97802,96809],{}," with list ",[15,97805,53469],{},[33,97807,97808],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97810,72320],{},[75,97812,97814],{"className":77,"code":97813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97815,97816,97826,97840,97850,97864],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,97817,97818,97820,97822,97824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,97819,156],{"class":133},[84,97821,137],{"class":98},[84,97823,16510],{"class":146},[84,97825,150],{"class":98},[84,97827,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,97829,156],{"class":133},[84,97831,137],{"class":98},[84,97833,2624],{"class":140},[84,97835,137],{"class":98},[84,97837,16510],{"class":146},[84,97839,169],{"class":98},[84,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,97843,156],{"class":133},[84,97845,137],{"class":98},[84,97847,3329],{"class":146},[84,97849,150],{"class":98},[84,97851,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,97853,156],{"class":133},[84,97855,137],{"class":98},[84,97857,2624],{"class":140},[84,97859,137],{"class":98},[84,97861,3329],{"class":146},[84,97863,169],{"class":98},[84,97865,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,97867,32994],{"class":133},[84,97869,137],{"class":98},[84,97871,7129],{"class":140},[84,97873,307],{"class":98},[84,97875,2349],{"class":25590},[84,97877,150],{"class":98},[20,97879,97880,97881,97883,97884,307],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97882,96809],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[303,97885,53866],{"href":97886},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[70,97888,2694],{"id":2693},[995,97890,2698,97892,97894],{"id":97891},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97893,96809],{}," return a new set?",[20,97896,97897,97898,307],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97899,4630],{},[995,97901,97903],{"id":97902},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97905,97906],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[995,97908,97910],{"id":97909},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97912,224,97913,11935,97916,307],{},[15,97914,97915],{},"set.update()",[15,97917,96804],{},[995,97919,97921],{"id":97920},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97923,97924,97925,307],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97926,3864],{},[70,97928,2751],{"id":2750},[30,97930,97931,97935,97940],{},[33,97932,97933],{},[303,97934,96929],{"href":96928},[33,97936,97937],{},[303,97938,97939],{"href":96932},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97941,97942],{},[303,97943,97415,97944,11583],{"href":97414},[15,97945,15797],{},[20,97947,97948,97949,97951],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97950,96804],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2785,97953,97954],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":97956},[97957,97958,97960,97961,97962,97963,97967,97971,97972,97973,97980],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":96901,"depth":125,"text":97959},"What set.add() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":97144,"depth":125,"text":97145},{"id":97235,"depth":125,"text":97964,"children":97965},"add() vs update()",[97966],{"id":97395,"depth":153,"text":97396},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259,"children":97968},[97969,97970],{"id":97434,"depth":153,"text":97435},{"id":62586,"depth":153,"text":97491},{"id":97567,"depth":125,"text":97568},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":97974},[97975,97977,97978,97979],{"id":97891,"depth":153,"text":97976},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97902,"depth":153,"text":97903},{"id":97909,"depth":153,"text":97910},{"id":97920,"depth":153,"text":97921},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96795,"description":97981},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97988,"title":97989,"body":97990,"description":99159,"extension":2830,"meta":99160,"navigation":472,"path":99161,"seo":99162,"stem":99163,"__hash__":99164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97991,"toc":99126},[97992,97997,98003,98010,98055,98057,98068,98073,98078,98082,98096,98101,98103,98105,98120,98122,98136,98138,98140,98205,98207,98217,98219,98237,98243,98250,98255,98329,98331,98348,98354,98359,98430,98432,98459,98476,98479,98485,98487,98494,98498,98565,98567,98582,98585,98638,98640,98648,98660,98662,98666,98671,98673,98722,98724,98732,98734,98779,98781,98791,98797,98805,98818,98824,98826,98855,98857,98875,98879,98882,98913,98915,98933,98937,99012,99014,99030,99037,99039,99044,99049,99055,99058,99062,99070,99077,99085,99087,99123],[10,97993,96801,97995,12166],{"id":97994},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97996,12165],{},[20,97998,97999,98002],{},[15,98000,98001],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,98004,98005,98006,98009],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[53,98007,98008],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[75,98011,98013],{"className":77,"code":98012,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98014,98015,98035,98045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98018,91],{"class":90},[84,98020,95],{"class":94},[84,98022,11332],{"class":98},[84,98024,103],{"class":102},[84,98026,106],{"class":98},[84,98028,109],{"class":102},[84,98030,106],{"class":98},[84,98032,114],{"class":102},[84,98034,10149],{"class":98},[84,98036,98037,98039,98041,98043],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98038,535],{"class":90},[84,98040,307],{"class":98},[84,98042,12227],{"class":146},[84,98044,9482],{"class":98},[84,98046,98047,98049,98051,98053],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98048,156],{"class":133},[84,98050,137],{"class":98},[84,98052,535],{"class":146},[84,98054,150],{"class":98},[20,98056,172],{},[75,98058,98060],{"className":77,"code":98059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n",[15,98061,98062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98063,98064,98066],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98065,7129],{"class":140},[84,98067,9482],{"class":98},[20,98069,98070,98072],{},[15,98071,12165],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[70,98074,235,98076,238],{"id":98075},"what-setclear-does",[15,98077,98001],{},[20,98079,2847,98080,12257],{},[15,98081,12165],{},[30,98083,98084,98087,98089,98093],{},[33,98085,98086],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,98088,96916],{},[33,98090,12268,98091],{},[15,98092,4630],{},[33,98094,98095],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,98097,96925,98098,72419],{},[303,98099,96929],{"href":98100},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[70,98102,311],{"id":310},[20,98104,55263],{},[75,98106,98108],{"className":77,"code":98107,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,98109,98110],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98113,16510],{"class":90},[84,98115,307],{"class":98},[84,98117,12227],{"class":146},[84,98119,9482],{"class":98},[20,98121,13895],{},[30,98123,98124,98127,98130,98133],{},[33,98125,98126],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,98128,98129],{},"It empties the set",[33,98131,98132],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,98134,98135],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[70,98137,418],{"id":417},[20,98139,12321],{},[75,98141,98143],{"className":77,"code":98142,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98144,98145,98177,98181,98191,98195],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98146,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98148,13919],{"class":90},[84,98150,95],{"class":94},[84,98152,11332],{"class":98},[84,98154,3711],{"class":185},[84,98156,13936],{"class":189},[84,98158,3711],{"class":185},[84,98160,106],{"class":98},[84,98162,4211],{"class":185},[84,98164,18296],{"class":189},[84,98166,3711],{"class":185},[84,98168,106],{"class":98},[84,98170,4211],{"class":185},[84,98172,13953],{"class":189},[84,98174,3711],{"class":185},[84,98176,10149],{"class":98},[84,98178,98179],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98180,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98184,18343],{"class":90},[84,98186,307],{"class":98},[84,98188,12227],{"class":146},[84,98190,9482],{"class":98},[84,98192,98193],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98194,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98196,98197,98199,98201,98203],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,98198,156],{"class":133},[84,98200,137],{"class":98},[84,98202,18343],{"class":146},[84,98204,150],{"class":98},[20,98206,172],{},[75,98208,98209],{"className":77,"code":98059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98210,98211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98212,98213,98215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98214,7129],{"class":140},[84,98216,9482],{"class":98},[20,98218,528],{},[30,98220,98221,98226,98231],{},[33,98222,98223,98225],{},[15,98224,18343],{}," starts with three values",[33,98227,98228,12539],{},[15,98229,98230],{},"colors.clear()",[33,98232,98233,98234,98236],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98235,4649],{},", which means an empty set",[70,98238,98240,98242],{"id":98239},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98241,12165],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98244,98245,5241,98247,98249],{},[15,98246,12165],{},[15,98248,4649],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[995,98251,595,98253],{"id":98252},"using-clear",[15,98254,12165],{},[75,98256,98258],{"className":77,"code":98257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98259,98260,98280,98290,98294,98304,98308,98318],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98261,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98263,8620],{"class":90},[84,98265,95],{"class":94},[84,98267,11332],{"class":98},[84,98269,103],{"class":102},[84,98271,106],{"class":98},[84,98273,109],{"class":102},[84,98275,106],{"class":98},[84,98277,114],{"class":102},[84,98279,10149],{"class":98},[84,98281,98282,98285,98287],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98283,98284],{"class":90},"other_name ",[84,98286,95],{"class":94},[84,98288,98289],{"class":90}," items\n",[84,98291,98292],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98293,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98295,98296,98298,98300,98302],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98297,8649],{"class":90},[84,98299,307],{"class":98},[84,98301,12227],{"class":146},[84,98303,9482],{"class":98},[84,98305,98306],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,98307,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98309,98310,98312,98314,98316],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,98311,156],{"class":133},[84,98313,137],{"class":98},[84,98315,8649],{"class":146},[84,98317,150],{"class":98},[84,98319,98320,98322,98324,98327],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,98321,156],{"class":133},[84,98323,137],{"class":98},[84,98325,98326],{"class":146},"other_name",[84,98328,150],{"class":98},[20,98330,172],{},[75,98332,98334],{"className":77,"code":98333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98335,98336,98342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98337,98338,98340],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98339,7129],{"class":140},[84,98341,9482],{"class":98},[84,98343,98344,98346],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98345,7129],{"class":140},[84,98347,9482],{"class":98},[20,98349,98350,98351,307],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[53,98352,98353],{},"same set object",[995,98355,595,98357],{"id":98356},"using-set",[15,98358,4649],{},[75,98360,98362],{"className":77,"code":98361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98363,98364,98384,98392,98396,98406,98410,98420],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98365,98366,98368,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98367,8620],{"class":90},[84,98369,95],{"class":94},[84,98371,11332],{"class":98},[84,98373,103],{"class":102},[84,98375,106],{"class":98},[84,98377,109],{"class":102},[84,98379,106],{"class":98},[84,98381,114],{"class":102},[84,98383,10149],{"class":98},[84,98385,98386,98388,98390],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98387,98284],{"class":90},[84,98389,95],{"class":94},[84,98391,98289],{"class":90},[84,98393,98394],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98395,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98399,8620],{"class":90},[84,98401,95],{"class":94},[84,98403,16477],{"class":140},[84,98405,9482],{"class":98},[84,98407,98408],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,98409,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98411,98412,98414,98416,98418],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,98413,156],{"class":133},[84,98415,137],{"class":98},[84,98417,8649],{"class":146},[84,98419,150],{"class":98},[84,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,98423,156],{"class":133},[84,98425,137],{"class":98},[84,98427,98326],{"class":146},[84,98429,150],{"class":98},[20,98431,172],{},[75,98433,98435],{"className":77,"code":98434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98436,98437,98443],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98438,98439,98441],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98440,7129],{"class":140},[84,98442,9482],{"class":98},[84,98444,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98446,10118],{"class":98},[84,98448,103],{"class":102},[84,98450,106],{"class":98},[84,98452,109],{"class":102},[84,98454,106],{"class":98},[84,98456,114],{"class":102},[84,98458,10149],{"class":98},[20,98460,21613,98461,93693,98464,98467,98468,307,98470,98472,98473,98475],{},[15,98462,98463],{},"items = set()",[53,98465,98466],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98469,8649],{},[10687,98471],{},"\nBut ",[15,98474,98326],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98477,98478],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98480,98481,98482,307],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[303,98483,96933],{"href":98484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[70,98486,18259],{"id":18258},[20,98488,98489,51,98491,98493],{},[15,98490,12165],{},[53,98492,55],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98495,5993,98496,307],{},[15,98497,4630],{},[75,98499,98501],{"className":77,"code":98500,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98502,98503,98523,98527,98541,98545,98555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98504,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98506,91],{"class":90},[84,98508,95],{"class":94},[84,98510,11332],{"class":98},[84,98512,103],{"class":102},[84,98514,106],{"class":98},[84,98516,109],{"class":102},[84,98518,106],{"class":98},[84,98520,114],{"class":102},[84,98522,10149],{"class":98},[84,98524,98525],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98526,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98528,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98530,128],{"class":90},[84,98532,95],{"class":94},[84,98534,147],{"class":90},[84,98536,307],{"class":98},[84,98538,12227],{"class":146},[84,98540,9482],{"class":98},[84,98542,98543],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98544,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,98548,156],{"class":133},[84,98550,137],{"class":98},[84,98552,166],{"class":146},[84,98554,150],{"class":98},[84,98556,98557,98559,98561,98563],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,98558,156],{"class":133},[84,98560,137],{"class":98},[84,98562,535],{"class":146},[84,98564,150],{"class":98},[20,98566,172],{},[75,98568,98570],{"className":77,"code":98569,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"None\nset()\n",[15,98571,98572,98576],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98573,98574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98575,12651],{"class":4704},[84,98577,98578,98580],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98579,7129],{"class":140},[84,98581,9482],{"class":98},[20,98583,98584],{},"Do not do this:",[75,98586,98588],{"className":77,"code":98587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98589,98590,98610,98624,98628],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98591,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98593,91],{"class":90},[84,98595,95],{"class":94},[84,98597,11332],{"class":98},[84,98599,103],{"class":102},[84,98601,106],{"class":98},[84,98603,109],{"class":102},[84,98605,106],{"class":98},[84,98607,114],{"class":102},[84,98609,10149],{"class":98},[84,98611,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98613,91],{"class":90},[84,98615,95],{"class":94},[84,98617,147],{"class":90},[84,98619,307],{"class":98},[84,98621,12227],{"class":146},[84,98623,9482],{"class":98},[84,98625,98626],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98627,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98629,98630,98632,98634,98636],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98631,156],{"class":133},[84,98633,137],{"class":98},[84,98635,535],{"class":146},[84,98637,150],{"class":98},[20,98639,172],{},[75,98641,98642],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98643,98644],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98645,98646],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98647,12651],{"class":4704},[20,98649,23032,98650,3254,98652,98654,98655,98657,98658,307],{},[15,98651,55376],{},[15,98653,4630],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98656,4630],{}," back to ",[15,98659,535],{},[70,98661,2058],{"id":2057},[20,98663,11590,98664,307],{},[15,98665,98001],{},[995,98667,13438,98669],{"id":98668},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98670,12165],{},[20,98672,2155],{},[75,98674,98676],{"className":77,"code":98675,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98677,98678,98698,98712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98679,98680,98682,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98681,16472],{"class":90},[84,98683,95],{"class":94},[84,98685,11332],{"class":98},[84,98687,103],{"class":102},[84,98689,106],{"class":98},[84,98691,109],{"class":102},[84,98693,106],{"class":98},[84,98695,114],{"class":102},[84,98697,10149],{"class":98},[84,98699,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98701,16472],{"class":90},[84,98703,95],{"class":94},[84,98705,97525],{"class":90},[84,98707,307],{"class":98},[84,98709,12227],{"class":146},[84,98711,9482],{"class":98},[84,98713,98714,98716,98718,98720],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98715,156],{"class":133},[84,98717,137],{"class":98},[84,98719,16510],{"class":146},[84,98721,150],{"class":98},[20,98723,172],{},[75,98725,98726],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98727,98728],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98729,98730],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98731,12651],{"class":4704},[20,98733,2211],{},[75,98735,98737],{"className":77,"code":98736,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98738,98739,98759,98769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98742,16472],{"class":90},[84,98744,95],{"class":94},[84,98746,11332],{"class":98},[84,98748,103],{"class":102},[84,98750,106],{"class":98},[84,98752,109],{"class":102},[84,98754,106],{"class":98},[84,98756,114],{"class":102},[84,98758,10149],{"class":98},[84,98760,98761,98763,98765,98767],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98762,16510],{"class":90},[84,98764,307],{"class":98},[84,98766,12227],{"class":146},[84,98768,9482],{"class":98},[84,98770,98771,98773,98775,98777],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98772,156],{"class":133},[84,98774,137],{"class":98},[84,98776,16510],{"class":146},[84,98778,150],{"class":98},[20,98780,172],{},[75,98782,98783],{"className":77,"code":98059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98784,98785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98786,98787,98789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98788,7129],{"class":140},[84,98790,9482],{"class":98},[995,98792,9291,98794,98796],{"id":98793},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98795,12165],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98798,98799,98801,98802,98804],{},[15,98800,12165],{}," removes ",[53,98803,4568],{}," items from the set.",[20,98806,98807,98808,3736,98813,307],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[303,98809,98811],{"href":98810},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98812,56344],{},[303,98814,98816],{"href":98815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98817,13605],{},[995,98819,595,98821,98823],{"id":98820},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98822,4644],{}," for an empty set",[20,98825,26530],{},[75,98827,98829],{"className":77,"code":98828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98830,98831,98840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98832,98833,98836,98838],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98834,98835],{"class":90},"empty_value ",[84,98837,95],{"class":94},[84,98839,10679],{"class":98},[84,98841,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98853],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98843,156],{"class":133},[84,98845,137],{"class":98},[84,98847,2624],{"class":140},[84,98849,137],{"class":98},[84,98851,98852],{"class":146},"empty_value",[84,98854,169],{"class":98},[20,98856,172],{},[75,98858,98859],{"className":77,"code":9648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98860,98861],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98862,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98864,1251],{"class":94},[84,98866,4152],{"class":614},[84,98868,196],{"class":185},[84,98870,9661],{"class":189},[84,98872,186],{"class":185},[84,98874,1270],{"class":94},[20,98876,98877,9628],{},[15,98878,4644],{},[20,98880,98881],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[75,98883,98885],{"className":77,"code":98884,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98886,98887,98898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98888,98889,98892,98894,98896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98890,98891],{"class":90},"empty_set ",[84,98893,95],{"class":94},[84,98895,16477],{"class":140},[84,98897,9482],{"class":98},[84,98899,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98911],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98901,156],{"class":133},[84,98903,137],{"class":98},[84,98905,2624],{"class":140},[84,98907,137],{"class":98},[84,98909,98910],{"class":146},"empty_set",[84,98912,169],{"class":98},[20,98914,172],{},[75,98916,98917],{"className":77,"code":9692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,98918,98919],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98920,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98922,1251],{"class":94},[84,98924,4152],{"class":614},[84,98926,196],{"class":185},[84,98928,7129],{"class":189},[84,98930,186],{"class":185},[84,98932,1270],{"class":94},[995,98934,98936],{"id":98935},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[75,98938,98940],{"className":77,"code":98939,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98941,98942,98966,98974,98978,98988,98992,99002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,98943,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,98945,3410],{"class":90},[84,98947,95],{"class":94},[84,98949,11332],{"class":98},[84,98951,3711],{"class":185},[84,98953,625],{"class":189},[84,98955,3711],{"class":185},[84,98957,106],{"class":98},[84,98959,4211],{"class":185},[84,98961,12588],{"class":189},[84,98963,3711],{"class":185},[84,98965,10149],{"class":98},[84,98967,98968,98970,98972],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,98969,3437],{"class":90},[84,98971,95],{"class":94},[84,98973,37013],{"class":90},[84,98975,98976],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,98977,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,98981,303],{"class":90},[84,98983,307],{"class":98},[84,98985,12227],{"class":146},[84,98987,9482],{"class":98},[84,98989,98990],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,98991,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,98993,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,98995,156],{"class":133},[84,98997,137],{"class":98},[84,98999,303],{"class":146},[84,99001,150],{"class":98},[84,99003,99004,99006,99008,99010],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,99005,156],{"class":133},[84,99007,137],{"class":98},[84,99009,5608],{"class":146},[84,99011,150],{"class":98},[20,99013,172],{},[75,99015,99016],{"className":77,"code":98333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,99017,99018,99024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99019,99020,99022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99021,7129],{"class":140},[84,99023,9482],{"class":98},[84,99025,99026,99028],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99027,7129],{"class":140},[84,99029,9482],{"class":98},[20,99031,29902,99032,5241,99034,99036],{},[15,99033,303],{},[15,99035,5608],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[70,99038,2694],{"id":2693},[995,99040,5987,99042,5990],{"id":99041},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,99043,98001],{},[20,99045,5993,99046,99048],{},[15,99047,4630],{},". It empties the set in place.",[995,99050,2698,99052,99054],{"id":99051},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,99053,12165],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,99056,99057],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[995,99059,99061],{"id":99060},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,99063,99064,99065,99067,99068,307],{},"You already have one after ",[15,99066,12165],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,99069,4649],{},[995,99071,6024,99073,5241,99075,3348],{"id":99072},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,99074,12165],{},[15,99076,4649],{},[20,99078,99079,99081,99082,99084],{},[15,99080,12165],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,99083,4649],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[70,99086,2751],{"id":2750},[30,99088,99089,99093,99097,99104,99110,99116],{},[33,99090,99091],{},[303,99092,96929],{"href":98100},[33,99094,99095],{},[303,99096,97939],{"href":98484},[33,99098,99099],{},[303,99100,97415,99102,11583],{"href":99101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,99103,96804],{},[33,99105,99106],{},[303,99107,97415,99108,11583],{"href":98810},[15,99109,56344],{},[33,99111,99112],{},[303,99113,97415,99114,11583],{"href":98815},[15,99115,13605],{},[33,99117,99118],{},[303,99119,97415,99121,11583],{"href":99120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99122,15797],{},[2785,99124,99125],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":99127},[99128,99130,99131,99132,99139,99140,99149,99158],{"id":98075,"depth":125,"text":99129},"What set.clear() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":98239,"depth":125,"text":99133,"children":99134},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99135,99137],{"id":98252,"depth":153,"text":99136},"Using clear()",{"id":98356,"depth":153,"text":99138},"Using set()",{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":99141},[99142,99144,99146,99148],{"id":98668,"depth":153,"text":99143},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98793,"depth":153,"text":99145},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98820,"depth":153,"text":99147},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98935,"depth":153,"text":98936},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":99150},[99151,99153,99155,99156],{"id":99041,"depth":153,"text":99152},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99051,"depth":153,"text":99154},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99060,"depth":153,"text":99061},{"id":99072,"depth":153,"text":99157},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97989,"description":99159},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99166,"title":99167,"body":99168,"description":101000,"extension":2830,"meta":101001,"navigation":472,"path":96932,"seo":101002,"stem":101003,"__hash__":101004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99169,"toc":100957},[99170,99173,99176,99179,99181,99284,99288,99335,99341,99343,99362,99366,99369,99371,99385,99394,99398,99401,99436,99440,99460,99463,99467,99470,99531,99535,99560,99567,99573,99578,99580,99592,99596,99645,99649,99673,99680,99684,99725,99729,99750,99754,99787,99791,99832,99835,99839,99844,99883,99887,99912,99917,99923,99960,99964,99987,99991,99993,99996,99999,100076,100080,100117,100120,100124,100130,100133,100143,100192,100198,100204,100231,100234,100256,100258,100289,100292,100296,100300,100339,100343,100406,100409,100442,100446,100471,100473,100476,100482,100485,100512,100515,100533,100537,100541,100544,100587,100590,100594,100597,100600,100630,100633,100637,100640,100655,100660,100664,100667,100756,100758,100761,100851,100854,100872,100874,100878,100888,100892,100900,100904,100907,100911,100914,100918,100921,100923,100951,100954],[10,99171,99167],{"id":99172},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99174,99175],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99177,99178],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[70,99180,4464],{"id":4463},[75,99182,99184],{"className":77,"code":99183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99185,99186,99206,99240,99250,99254,99264,99274],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99189,91],{"class":90},[84,99191,95],{"class":94},[84,99193,11332],{"class":98},[84,99195,103],{"class":102},[84,99197,106],{"class":98},[84,99199,109],{"class":102},[84,99201,106],{"class":98},[84,99203,114],{"class":102},[84,99205,10149],{"class":98},[84,99207,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234,99236,99238],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99209,4919],{"class":90},[84,99211,95],{"class":94},[84,99213,16477],{"class":140},[84,99215,3845],{"class":98},[84,99217,3711],{"class":185},[84,99219,4928],{"class":189},[84,99221,3711],{"class":185},[84,99223,106],{"class":98},[84,99225,4211],{"class":185},[84,99227,4937],{"class":189},[84,99229,3711],{"class":185},[84,99231,106],{"class":98},[84,99233,4211],{"class":185},[84,99235,4928],{"class":189},[84,99237,3711],{"class":185},[84,99239,4737],{"class":98},[84,99241,99242,99244,99246,99248],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,99243,98891],{"class":90},[84,99245,95],{"class":94},[84,99247,16477],{"class":140},[84,99249,9482],{"class":98},[84,99251,99252],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,99253,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,99255,99256,99258,99260,99262],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,99257,156],{"class":133},[84,99259,137],{"class":98},[84,99261,535],{"class":146},[84,99263,150],{"class":98},[84,99265,99266,99268,99270,99272],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,99267,156],{"class":133},[84,99269,137],{"class":98},[84,99271,4963],{"class":146},[84,99273,150],{"class":98},[84,99275,99276,99278,99280,99282],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,99277,156],{"class":133},[84,99279,137],{"class":98},[84,99281,98910],{"class":146},[84,99283,150],{"class":98},[20,99285,99286],{},[53,99287,172],{},[75,99289,99291],{"className":77,"code":99290,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99292,99293,99309,99329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99294,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99296,10118],{"class":98},[84,99298,103],{"class":102},[84,99300,106],{"class":98},[84,99302,109],{"class":102},[84,99304,106],{"class":98},[84,99306,114],{"class":102},[84,99308,10149],{"class":98},[84,99310,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99312,10118],{"class":98},[84,99314,186],{"class":185},[84,99316,4937],{"class":189},[84,99318,186],{"class":185},[84,99320,106],{"class":98},[84,99322,196],{"class":185},[84,99324,4928],{"class":189},[84,99326,186],{"class":185},[84,99328,10149],{"class":98},[84,99330,99331,99333],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,99332,7129],{"class":140},[84,99334,9482],{"class":98},[20,99336,99337,99338,99340],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99339,4649],{}," for an empty set.",[70,99342,16006],{"id":16005},[30,99344,99345,99348,99353,99356,99359],{},[33,99346,99347],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,99349,99350,99351],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99352,4649],{},[33,99354,99355],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,99357,99358],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,99360,99361],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[70,99363,99365],{"id":99364},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99367,99368],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99370,31382],{},[30,99372,99373,99376,99379,99382],{},[33,99374,99375],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,99377,99378],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,99380,99381],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,99383,99384],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99386,99387,99388,3736,99390,307],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[303,99389,96929],{"href":98100},[303,99391,99393],{"href":99392},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[70,99395,99397],{"id":99396},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99399,99400],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[75,99402,99404],{"className":77,"code":99403,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99405,99406,99426],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99409,91],{"class":90},[84,99411,95],{"class":94},[84,99413,11332],{"class":98},[84,99415,103],{"class":102},[84,99417,106],{"class":98},[84,99419,109],{"class":102},[84,99421,106],{"class":98},[84,99423,114],{"class":102},[84,99425,10149],{"class":98},[84,99427,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99429,156],{"class":133},[84,99431,137],{"class":98},[84,99433,535],{"class":146},[84,99435,150],{"class":98},[20,99437,99438],{},[53,99439,30871],{},[75,99441,99442],{"className":77,"code":97208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,99443,99444],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99445,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99447,10118],{"class":98},[84,99449,103],{"class":102},[84,99451,106],{"class":98},[84,99453,109],{"class":102},[84,99455,106],{"class":98},[84,99457,114],{"class":102},[84,99459,10149],{"class":98},[20,99461,99462],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[995,99464,99466],{"id":99465},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99468,99469],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[75,99471,99473],{"className":77,"code":99472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99474,99475,99507,99517],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99476,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99478,91],{"class":90},[84,99480,95],{"class":94},[84,99482,11332],{"class":98},[84,99484,103],{"class":102},[84,99486,106],{"class":98},[84,99488,109],{"class":102},[84,99490,106],{"class":98},[84,99492,109],{"class":102},[84,99494,106],{"class":98},[84,99496,114],{"class":102},[84,99498,106],{"class":98},[84,99500,114],{"class":102},[84,99502,106],{"class":98},[84,99504,114],{"class":102},[84,99506,10149],{"class":98},[84,99508,99509,99511,99513,99515],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99510,156],{"class":133},[84,99512,137],{"class":98},[84,99514,535],{"class":146},[84,99516,150],{"class":98},[84,99518,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,99520,156],{"class":133},[84,99522,137],{"class":98},[84,99524,12005],{"class":133},[84,99526,137],{"class":98},[84,99528,535],{"class":146},[84,99530,169],{"class":98},[20,99532,99533],{},[53,99534,30871],{},[75,99536,99538],{"className":77,"code":99537,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99539,99540,99556],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99541,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99543,10118],{"class":98},[84,99545,103],{"class":102},[84,99547,106],{"class":98},[84,99549,109],{"class":102},[84,99551,106],{"class":98},[84,99553,114],{"class":102},[84,99555,10149],{"class":98},[84,99557,99558],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99559,1474],{"class":102},[20,99561,21820,99562,5241,99564,99566],{},[15,99563,199],{},[15,99565,208],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[70,99568,99570,99571],{"id":99569},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99572,4649],{},[20,99574,224,99575,99577],{},[15,99576,4649],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99579,6300],{},[30,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588],{},[33,99583,97688],{},[33,99585,96984],{},[33,99587,57280],{},[33,99589,99590],{},[15,99591,37035],{},[995,99593,99595],{"id":99594},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[75,99597,99599],{"className":77,"code":99598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99600,99601,99635],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99602,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99604,91],{"class":90},[84,99606,95],{"class":94},[84,99608,16477],{"class":140},[84,99610,3845],{"class":98},[84,99612,103],{"class":102},[84,99614,106],{"class":98},[84,99616,109],{"class":102},[84,99618,106],{"class":98},[84,99620,109],{"class":102},[84,99622,106],{"class":98},[84,99624,114],{"class":102},[84,99626,106],{"class":98},[84,99628,114],{"class":102},[84,99630,106],{"class":98},[84,99632,119],{"class":102},[84,99634,4737],{"class":98},[84,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99638,156],{"class":133},[84,99640,137],{"class":98},[84,99642,535],{"class":146},[84,99644,150],{"class":98},[20,99646,99647],{},[53,99648,30871],{},[75,99650,99651],{"className":77,"code":96871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,99652,99653],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99654,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99656,10118],{"class":98},[84,99658,103],{"class":102},[84,99660,106],{"class":98},[84,99662,109],{"class":102},[84,99664,106],{"class":98},[84,99666,114],{"class":102},[84,99668,106],{"class":98},[84,99670,119],{"class":102},[84,99672,10149],{"class":98},[20,99674,99675,99676,307],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[303,99677,99679],{"href":99678},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[995,99681,99683],{"id":99682},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[75,99685,99687],{"className":77,"code":99686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99688,99689,99715],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99692,1777],{"class":90},[84,99694,95],{"class":94},[84,99696,16477],{"class":140},[84,99698,6354],{"class":98},[84,99700,437],{"class":102},[84,99702,106],{"class":98},[84,99704,442],{"class":102},[84,99706,106],{"class":98},[84,99708,442],{"class":102},[84,99710,106],{"class":98},[84,99712,447],{"class":102},[84,99714,169],{"class":98},[84,99716,99717,99719,99721,99723],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99718,156],{"class":133},[84,99720,137],{"class":98},[84,99722,6201],{"class":146},[84,99724,150],{"class":98},[20,99726,99727],{},[53,99728,30871],{},[75,99730,99732],{"className":77,"code":99731,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99733,99734],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99735,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99737,10118],{"class":98},[84,99739,437],{"class":102},[84,99741,106],{"class":98},[84,99743,442],{"class":102},[84,99745,106],{"class":98},[84,99747,447],{"class":102},[84,99749,10149],{"class":98},[995,99751,99753],{"id":99752},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[75,99755,99757],{"className":77,"code":99756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99758,99759,99777],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99760,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99762,36928],{"class":90},[84,99764,95],{"class":94},[84,99766,16477],{"class":140},[84,99768,137],{"class":98},[84,99770,3711],{"class":185},[84,99772,4697],{"class":189},[84,99774,3711],{"class":185},[84,99776,150],{"class":98},[84,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99780,156],{"class":133},[84,99782,137],{"class":98},[84,99784,36981],{"class":146},[84,99786,150],{"class":98},[20,99788,99789],{},[53,99790,30871],{},[75,99792,99794],{"className":77,"code":99793,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99795,99796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99797,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99799,10118],{"class":98},[84,99801,186],{"class":185},[84,99803,61255],{"class":189},[84,99805,186],{"class":185},[84,99807,106],{"class":98},[84,99809,196],{"class":185},[84,99811,61264],{"class":189},[84,99813,186],{"class":185},[84,99815,106],{"class":98},[84,99817,196],{"class":185},[84,99819,61273],{"class":189},[84,99821,186],{"class":185},[84,99823,106],{"class":98},[84,99825,196],{"class":185},[84,99827,61290],{"class":189},[84,99829,186],{"class":185},[84,99831,10149],{"class":98},[20,99833,99834],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[70,99836,99838],{"id":99837},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99840,99841,99842,307],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99843,4649],{},[75,99845,99847],{"className":77,"code":99846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99848,99849,99859,99869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99850,99851,99853,99855,99857],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99852,98891],{"class":90},[84,99854,95],{"class":94},[84,99856,16477],{"class":140},[84,99858,9482],{"class":98},[84,99860,99861,99863,99865,99867],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99862,156],{"class":133},[84,99864,137],{"class":98},[84,99866,98910],{"class":146},[84,99868,150],{"class":98},[84,99870,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,99872,156],{"class":133},[84,99874,137],{"class":98},[84,99876,2624],{"class":140},[84,99878,137],{"class":98},[84,99880,98910],{"class":146},[84,99882,169],{"class":98},[20,99884,99885],{},[53,99886,172],{},[75,99888,99890],{"className":77,"code":99889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99891,99892,99898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99893,99894,99896],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99895,7129],{"class":140},[84,99897,9482],{"class":98},[84,99899,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99901,1251],{"class":94},[84,99903,4152],{"class":614},[84,99905,196],{"class":185},[84,99907,7129],{"class":189},[84,99909,186],{"class":185},[84,99911,1270],{"class":94},[995,99913,45247,99915],{"id":99914},"do-not-use",[15,99916,4644],{},[20,99918,99919,99920,99922],{},"Empty braces do ",[53,99921,55],{}," create a set.",[75,99924,99926],{"className":77,"code":99925,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99927,99928,99936,99946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99929,99930,99932,99934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99931,98835],{"class":90},[84,99933,95],{"class":94},[84,99935,10679],{"class":98},[84,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99939,156],{"class":133},[84,99941,137],{"class":98},[84,99943,98852],{"class":146},[84,99945,150],{"class":98},[84,99947,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,99949,156],{"class":133},[84,99951,137],{"class":98},[84,99953,2624],{"class":140},[84,99955,137],{"class":98},[84,99957,98852],{"class":146},[84,99959,169],{"class":98},[20,99961,99962],{},[53,99963,172],{},[75,99965,99967],{"className":77,"code":99966,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99968,99969,99973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,99970,99971],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,99972,10275],{"class":98},[84,99974,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,99976,1251],{"class":94},[84,99978,4152],{"class":614},[84,99980,196],{"class":185},[84,99982,9661],{"class":189},[84,99984,186],{"class":185},[84,99986,1270],{"class":94},[20,99988,99989,9628],{},[15,99990,4644],{},[70,99992,73083],{"id":73082},[20,99994,99995],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99997,99998],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[75,100000,100002],{"className":77,"code":100001,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,100003,100004,100052,100062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100005,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100007,4919],{"class":90},[84,100009,95],{"class":94},[84,100011,11332],{"class":98},[84,100013,3711],{"class":185},[84,100015,4928],{"class":189},[84,100017,3711],{"class":185},[84,100019,106],{"class":98},[84,100021,4211],{"class":185},[84,100023,4937],{"class":189},[84,100025,3711],{"class":185},[84,100027,106],{"class":98},[84,100029,4211],{"class":185},[84,100031,4928],{"class":189},[84,100033,3711],{"class":185},[84,100035,106],{"class":98},[84,100037,4211],{"class":185},[84,100039,4928],{"class":189},[84,100041,3711],{"class":185},[84,100043,106],{"class":98},[84,100045,4211],{"class":185},[84,100047,34061],{"class":189},[84,100049,3711],{"class":185},[84,100051,10149],{"class":98},[84,100053,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100055,156],{"class":133},[84,100057,137],{"class":98},[84,100059,4963],{"class":146},[84,100061,150],{"class":98},[84,100063,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,100065,156],{"class":133},[84,100067,137],{"class":98},[84,100069,12005],{"class":133},[84,100071,137],{"class":98},[84,100073,4963],{"class":146},[84,100075,169],{"class":98},[20,100077,100078],{},[53,100079,30871],{},[75,100081,100083],{"className":77,"code":100082,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,100084,100085,100113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100086,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100088,10118],{"class":98},[84,100090,186],{"class":185},[84,100092,4937],{"class":189},[84,100094,186],{"class":185},[84,100096,106],{"class":98},[84,100098,196],{"class":185},[84,100100,34061],{"class":189},[84,100102,186],{"class":185},[84,100104,106],{"class":98},[84,100106,196],{"class":185},[84,100108,4928],{"class":189},[84,100110,186],{"class":185},[84,100112,10149],{"class":98},[84,100114,100115],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100116,1474],{"class":102},[20,100118,100119],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[70,100121,100123],{"id":100122},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100125,100126,100127,100129],{},"Set items must be ",[53,100128,96972],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100131,100132],{},"These usually work:",[30,100134,100135,100137,100139,100141],{},[33,100136,57277],{},[33,100138,57280],{},[33,100140,96984],{},[33,100142,41412],{},[75,100144,100146],{"className":77,"code":100145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100147,100148,100182],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100149,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100151,1777],{"class":90},[84,100153,95],{"class":94},[84,100155,11332],{"class":98},[84,100157,103],{"class":102},[84,100159,106],{"class":98},[84,100161,4211],{"class":185},[84,100163,4928],{"class":189},[84,100165,3711],{"class":185},[84,100167,106],{"class":98},[84,100169,10076],{"class":98},[84,100171,437],{"class":102},[84,100173,106],{"class":98},[84,100175,442],{"class":102},[84,100177,10073],{"class":98},[84,100179,4764],{"class":4704},[84,100181,10149],{"class":98},[84,100183,100184,100186,100188,100190],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100185,156],{"class":133},[84,100187,137],{"class":98},[84,100189,6201],{"class":146},[84,100191,150],{"class":98},[20,100193,100194,100195,100197],{},"These do ",[53,100196,55],{}," work directly:",[30,100199,100200,100202],{},[33,100201,97688],{},[33,100203,97691],{},[75,100205,100207],{"className":77,"code":100206,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100208,100209],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100210,100211,100214,100216,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100212,100213],{"class":90},"bad_set ",[84,100215,95],{"class":94},[84,100217,100218],{"class":98}," {[",[84,100220,103],{"class":102},[84,100222,106],{"class":98},[84,100224,109],{"class":102},[84,100226,106],{"class":98},[84,100228,114],{"class":102},[84,100230,14550],{"class":98},[20,100232,100233],{},"This raises an error:",[75,100235,100236],{"className":77,"code":97747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,100237,100238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100241,3864],{"class":140},[84,100243,3743],{"class":98},[84,100245,97758],{"class":90},[84,100247,2624],{"class":140},[84,100249,3743],{"class":98},[84,100251,196],{"class":185},[84,100253,161],{"class":189},[84,100255,30541],{"class":185},[20,100257,52896],{},[75,100259,100261],{"className":77,"code":100260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100262,100263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100264,100265,100267,100269,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100266,100213],{"class":90},[84,100268,95],{"class":94},[84,100270,100271],{"class":98}," {{",[84,100273,3711],{"class":185},[84,100275,8508],{"class":189},[84,100277,3711],{"class":185},[84,100279,3743],{"class":98},[84,100281,4211],{"class":185},[84,100283,8517],{"class":189},[84,100285,3711],{"class":185},[84,100287,100288],{"class":98},"}}\n",[20,100290,100291],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[70,100293,100295],{"id":100294},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[995,100297,100299],{"id":100298},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[75,100301,100303],{"className":77,"code":100302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100304,100305,100329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100308,91],{"class":90},[84,100310,95],{"class":94},[84,100312,11332],{"class":98},[84,100314,103],{"class":102},[84,100316,106],{"class":98},[84,100318,109],{"class":102},[84,100320,106],{"class":98},[84,100322,114],{"class":102},[84,100324,106],{"class":98},[84,100326,119],{"class":102},[84,100328,10149],{"class":98},[84,100330,100331,100333,100335,100337],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100332,156],{"class":133},[84,100334,137],{"class":98},[84,100336,535],{"class":146},[84,100338,150],{"class":98},[995,100340,100342],{"id":100341},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[75,100344,100346],{"className":77,"code":100345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100347,100348,100376,100391,100395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100349,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100351,8620],{"class":90},[84,100353,95],{"class":94},[84,100355,99],{"class":98},[84,100357,103],{"class":102},[84,100359,106],{"class":98},[84,100361,6341],{"class":102},[84,100363,106],{"class":98},[84,100365,109],{"class":102},[84,100367,106],{"class":98},[84,100369,114],{"class":102},[84,100371,106],{"class":98},[84,100373,114],{"class":102},[84,100375,122],{"class":98},[84,100377,100378,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100379,100380],{"class":90},"unique_items ",[84,100382,95],{"class":94},[84,100384,16477],{"class":140},[84,100386,137],{"class":98},[84,100388,8649],{"class":146},[84,100390,150],{"class":98},[84,100392,100393],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,100394,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,100396,100397,100399,100401,100404],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,100398,156],{"class":133},[84,100400,137],{"class":98},[84,100402,100403],{"class":146},"unique_items",[84,100405,150],{"class":98},[995,100407,99753],{"id":100408},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[75,100410,100412],{"className":77,"code":100411,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100413,100414,100432],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100415,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100417,36928],{"class":90},[84,100419,95],{"class":94},[84,100421,16477],{"class":140},[84,100423,137],{"class":98},[84,100425,3711],{"class":185},[84,100427,4937],{"class":189},[84,100429,3711],{"class":185},[84,100431,150],{"class":98},[84,100433,100434,100436,100438,100440],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100435,156],{"class":133},[84,100437,137],{"class":98},[84,100439,36981],{"class":146},[84,100441,150],{"class":98},[995,100443,100445],{"id":100444},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[75,100447,100449],{"className":77,"code":100448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100450,100451,100461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100452,100453,100455,100457,100459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100454,98891],{"class":90},[84,100456,95],{"class":94},[84,100458,16477],{"class":140},[84,100460,9482],{"class":98},[84,100462,100463,100465,100467,100469],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100464,156],{"class":133},[84,100466,137],{"class":98},[84,100468,98910],{"class":146},[84,100470,150],{"class":98},[70,100472,3686],{"id":3685},[20,100474,100475],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[995,100477,595,100479,100481],{"id":100478},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100480,4644],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100483,100484],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[75,100486,100488],{"className":77,"code":100487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100489,100490,100498],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100491,100492,100494,100496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100493,3304],{"class":90},[84,100495,95],{"class":94},[84,100497,10679],{"class":98},[84,100499,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100501,156],{"class":133},[84,100503,137],{"class":98},[84,100505,2624],{"class":140},[84,100507,137],{"class":98},[84,100509,3329],{"class":146},[84,100511,169],{"class":98},[20,100513,100514],{},"This prints:",[75,100516,100517],{"className":77,"code":9648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,100518,100519],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100520,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100522,1251],{"class":94},[84,100524,4152],{"class":614},[84,100526,196],{"class":185},[84,100528,9661],{"class":189},[84,100530,186],{"class":185},[84,100532,1270],{"class":94},[20,100534,224,100535,7470],{},[15,100536,4649],{},[995,100538,100540],{"id":100539},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100542,100543],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[75,100545,100547],{"className":77,"code":100546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100548,100549,100577],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100550,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100552,91],{"class":90},[84,100554,95],{"class":94},[84,100556,11332],{"class":98},[84,100558,103],{"class":102},[84,100560,106],{"class":98},[84,100562,6341],{"class":102},[84,100564,106],{"class":98},[84,100566,109],{"class":102},[84,100568,106],{"class":98},[84,100570,109],{"class":102},[84,100572,106],{"class":98},[84,100574,114],{"class":102},[84,100576,10149],{"class":98},[84,100578,100579,100581,100583,100585],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100580,156],{"class":133},[84,100582,137],{"class":98},[84,100584,535],{"class":146},[84,100586,150],{"class":98},[20,100588,100589],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[995,100591,100593],{"id":100592},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100595,100596],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100598,100599],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[75,100601,100603],{"className":77,"code":100602,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100604,100605,100625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100606,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621,100623],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100608,91],{"class":90},[84,100610,95],{"class":94},[84,100612,11332],{"class":98},[84,100614,437],{"class":102},[84,100616,106],{"class":98},[84,100618,442],{"class":102},[84,100620,106],{"class":98},[84,100622,447],{"class":102},[84,100624,10149],{"class":98},[84,100626,100627],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100628,100629],{"class":4517},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100631,100632],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[995,100634,100636],{"id":100635},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100638,100639],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[75,100641,100643],{"className":77,"code":100642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100644,100645,100650],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100646,100647],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100648,100649],{"class":4517},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[84,100651,100652],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100653,100654],{"class":4517},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100656,100657,100658,307],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100659,3864],{},[995,100661,100663],{"id":100662},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100665,100666],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[75,100668,100670],{"className":77,"code":100669,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100671,100672,100692,100724,100728,100742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100673,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100675,16472],{"class":90},[84,100677,95],{"class":94},[84,100679,11332],{"class":98},[84,100681,103],{"class":102},[84,100683,106],{"class":98},[84,100685,109],{"class":102},[84,100687,106],{"class":98},[84,100689,114],{"class":102},[84,100691,10149],{"class":98},[84,100693,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100695,12567],{"class":90},[84,100697,95],{"class":94},[84,100699,11332],{"class":98},[84,100701,3711],{"class":185},[84,100703,303],{"class":189},[84,100705,3711],{"class":185},[84,100707,3743],{"class":98},[84,100709,6341],{"class":102},[84,100711,106],{"class":98},[84,100713,4211],{"class":185},[84,100715,5608],{"class":189},[84,100717,3711],{"class":185},[84,100719,3743],{"class":98},[84,100721,109],{"class":102},[84,100723,10149],{"class":98},[84,100725,100726],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,100727,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,100729,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,100731,156],{"class":133},[84,100733,137],{"class":98},[84,100735,2624],{"class":140},[84,100737,137],{"class":98},[84,100739,16510],{"class":146},[84,100741,169],{"class":98},[84,100743,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,100745,156],{"class":133},[84,100747,137],{"class":98},[84,100749,2624],{"class":140},[84,100751,137],{"class":98},[84,100753,12294],{"class":146},[84,100755,169],{"class":98},[70,100757,93384],{"id":93383},[20,100759,100760],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[75,100762,100764],{"className":77,"code":100763,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100765,100766,100792,100796,100810,100820,100834,100841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,100767,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,100769,16472],{"class":90},[84,100771,95],{"class":94},[84,100773,16477],{"class":140},[84,100775,3845],{"class":98},[84,100777,103],{"class":102},[84,100779,106],{"class":98},[84,100781,109],{"class":102},[84,100783,106],{"class":98},[84,100785,109],{"class":102},[84,100787,106],{"class":98},[84,100789,114],{"class":102},[84,100791,4737],{"class":98},[84,100793,100794],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,100795,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,100797,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,100799,156],{"class":133},[84,100801,137],{"class":98},[84,100803,2624],{"class":140},[84,100805,137],{"class":98},[84,100807,16510],{"class":146},[84,100809,169],{"class":98},[84,100811,100812,100814,100816,100818],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,100813,156],{"class":133},[84,100815,137],{"class":98},[84,100817,16510],{"class":146},[84,100819,150],{"class":98},[84,100821,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,100823,156],{"class":133},[84,100825,137],{"class":98},[84,100827,12005],{"class":133},[84,100829,137],{"class":98},[84,100831,16510],{"class":146},[84,100833,169],{"class":98},[84,100835,100836,100838],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,100837,156],{"class":133},[84,100839,100840],{"class":98},"({})\n",[84,100842,100843,100845,100847,100849],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,100844,156],{"class":133},[84,100846,137],{"class":98},[84,100848,7129],{"class":140},[84,100850,8033],{"class":98},[20,100852,100853],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100855,100856,100859,100862,100865],{},[33,100857,100858],{},"The object type",[33,100860,100861],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100863,100864],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100866,100867,100868,5241,100870],{},"The difference between ",[15,100869,4644],{},[15,100871,4649],{},[70,100873,2694],{"id":2693},[995,100875,100877],{"id":100876},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100879,100880,100881,100884,100885,100887],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100882,100883],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100886,4649],{}," with another iterable.",[995,100889,100891],{"id":100890},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100893,224,100894,100896,100897,100899],{},[15,100895,4649],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100898,4644],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[995,100901,100903],{"id":100902},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100905,100906],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[995,100908,100910],{"id":100909},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100912,100913],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[995,100915,100917],{"id":100916},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100919,100920],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[70,100922,2751],{"id":2750},[30,100924,100925,100929,100935,100941,100946],{},[33,100926,100927],{},[303,100928,96929],{"href":98100},[33,100930,100931],{},[303,100932,13,100933,11583],{"href":99101},[15,100934,96809],{},[33,100936,100937],{},[303,100938,13,100939,11583],{"href":99120},[15,100940,97915],{},[33,100942,100943],{},[303,100944,100945],{"href":99678},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100947,100948],{},[303,100949,100950],{"href":99392},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100952,100953],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2785,100955,100956],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":100958},[100959,100960,100961,100962,100965,100971,100975,100976,100977,100983,100991,100992,100999],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":99364,"depth":125,"text":99365},{"id":99396,"depth":125,"text":99397,"children":100963},[100964],{"id":99465,"depth":153,"text":99466},{"id":99569,"depth":125,"text":100966,"children":100967},"Create a set with set()",[100968,100969,100970],{"id":99594,"depth":153,"text":99595},{"id":99682,"depth":153,"text":99683},{"id":99752,"depth":153,"text":99753},{"id":99837,"depth":125,"text":99838,"children":100972},[100973],{"id":99914,"depth":153,"text":100974},"Do not use {}",{"id":73082,"depth":125,"text":73083},{"id":100122,"depth":125,"text":100123},{"id":100294,"depth":125,"text":100295,"children":100978},[100979,100980,100981,100982],{"id":100298,"depth":153,"text":100299},{"id":100341,"depth":153,"text":100342},{"id":100408,"depth":153,"text":99753},{"id":100444,"depth":153,"text":100445},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":100984},[100985,100987,100988,100989,100990],{"id":100478,"depth":153,"text":100986},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100539,"depth":153,"text":100540},{"id":100592,"depth":153,"text":100593},{"id":100635,"depth":153,"text":100636},{"id":100662,"depth":153,"text":100663},{"id":93383,"depth":125,"text":93384},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":100993},[100994,100995,100996,100997,100998],{"id":100876,"depth":153,"text":100877},{"id":100890,"depth":153,"text":100891},{"id":100902,"depth":153,"text":100903},{"id":100909,"depth":153,"text":100910},{"id":100916,"depth":153,"text":100917},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99167,"description":101000},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":101006,"title":101007,"body":101008,"description":103439,"extension":2830,"meta":103440,"navigation":472,"path":103441,"seo":103442,"stem":103443,"__hash__":103444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":101009,"toc":103404},[101010,101016,101022,101025,101027,101104,101106,101123,101133,101135,101140,101148,101150,101166,101170,101172,101174,101177,101198,101201,101225,101231,101233,101330,101332,101349,101359,101361,101363,101371,101373,101384,101386,101477,101479,101503,101514,101516,101518,101521,101651,101653,101726,101728,101749,101752,101754,101760,101765,101768,101895,101897,101914,101917,101919,101927,101930,101934,101942,102033,102035,102072,102077,102084,102161,102163,102179,102184,102189,102191,102200,102208,102289,102291,102320,102323,102327,102338,102341,102424,102426,102447,102453,102455,102457,102461,102465,102472,102537,102539,102559,102562,102631,102633,102649,102653,102659,102671,102679,102681,102766,102768,102797,102800,102804,102809,102811,102861,102864,102945,102947,102963,102967,102970,103045,103048,103052,103055,103132,103134,103167,103173,103177,103180,103315,103317,103331,103333,103335,103341,103344,103351,103359,103365,103368,103372,103375,103377,103379,103401],[10,101011,96801,101013,12166],{"id":101012},"python-set-difference-method",[15,101014,101015],{},"difference()",[20,101017,101018,101021],{},[15,101019,101020],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,101023,101024],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[70,101026,4464],{"id":4463},[75,101028,101030],{"className":77,"code":101029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101031,101032,101056,101076,101094],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101035,3410],{"class":90},[84,101037,95],{"class":94},[84,101039,11332],{"class":98},[84,101041,103],{"class":102},[84,101043,106],{"class":98},[84,101045,109],{"class":102},[84,101047,106],{"class":98},[84,101049,114],{"class":102},[84,101051,106],{"class":98},[84,101053,119],{"class":102},[84,101055,10149],{"class":98},[84,101057,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101059,3437],{"class":90},[84,101061,95],{"class":94},[84,101063,11332],{"class":98},[84,101065,208],{"class":102},[84,101067,106],{"class":98},[84,101069,119],{"class":102},[84,101071,106],{"class":98},[84,101073,5452],{"class":102},[84,101075,10149],{"class":98},[84,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101079,128],{"class":90},[84,101081,95],{"class":94},[84,101083,57703],{"class":90},[84,101085,307],{"class":98},[84,101087,3667],{"class":146},[84,101089,137],{"class":98},[84,101091,5608],{"class":146},[84,101093,150],{"class":98},[84,101095,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101097,156],{"class":133},[84,101099,137],{"class":98},[84,101101,166],{"class":146},[84,101103,150],{"class":98},[20,101105,172],{},[75,101107,101109],{"className":77,"code":101108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n",[15,101110,101111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101112,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101114,10118],{"class":98},[84,101116,103],{"class":102},[84,101118,106],{"class":98},[84,101120,109],{"class":102},[84,101122,10149],{"class":98},[20,101124,101125,101127,101128,101130,101131,307],{},[15,101126,101015],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,101129,303],{}," that are not in ",[15,101132,5608],{},[45734,101134],{},[70,101136,235,101138,238],{"id":101137},"what-difference-does",[15,101139,101015],{},[20,101141,2847,101142,101144,101145,101147],{},[15,101143,101015],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[53,101146,55],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,101149,13895],{},[30,101151,101152,101157,101160,101163],{},[33,101153,101154,101156],{},[15,101155,101015],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,101158,101159],{},"It creates a new set",[33,101161,101162],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,101164,101165],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,101167,96925,101168,307],{},[303,101169,96929],{"href":98100},[45734,101171],{},[70,101173,311],{"id":310},[20,101175,101176],{},"Use this form:",[75,101178,101180],{"className":77,"code":101179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101181,101182],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101183,101184,101187,101189,101191,101193,101196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101185,101186],{"class":90},"set1",[84,101188,307],{"class":98},[84,101190,3667],{"class":146},[84,101192,137],{"class":98},[84,101194,101195],{"class":146},"set2",[84,101197,150],{"class":98},[20,101199,101200],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[75,101202,101204],{"className":77,"code":101203,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101205,101206],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101207,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101223],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101209,101186],{"class":90},[84,101211,307],{"class":98},[84,101213,3667],{"class":146},[84,101215,137],{"class":98},[84,101217,101195],{"class":146},[84,101219,106],{"class":98},[84,101221,101222],{"class":146}," set3",[84,101224,150],{"class":98},[20,101226,101227,101228,101230],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[53,101229,6196],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101232,814],{},[75,101234,101236],{"className":77,"code":101235,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101237,101238,101266,101282,101294,101298,101320],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101239,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101241,3410],{"class":90},[84,101243,95],{"class":94},[84,101245,11332],{"class":98},[84,101247,103],{"class":102},[84,101249,106],{"class":98},[84,101251,109],{"class":102},[84,101253,106],{"class":98},[84,101255,114],{"class":102},[84,101257,106],{"class":98},[84,101259,119],{"class":102},[84,101261,106],{"class":98},[84,101263,5452],{"class":102},[84,101265,10149],{"class":98},[84,101267,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101269,3437],{"class":90},[84,101271,95],{"class":94},[84,101273,11332],{"class":98},[84,101275,199],{"class":102},[84,101277,106],{"class":98},[84,101279,114],{"class":102},[84,101281,10149],{"class":98},[84,101283,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101285,83784],{"class":90},[84,101287,95],{"class":94},[84,101289,11332],{"class":98},[84,101291,3000],{"class":102},[84,101293,10149],{"class":98},[84,101295,101296],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101297,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,101301,128],{"class":90},[84,101303,95],{"class":94},[84,101305,57703],{"class":90},[84,101307,307],{"class":98},[84,101309,3667],{"class":146},[84,101311,137],{"class":98},[84,101313,5608],{"class":146},[84,101315,106],{"class":98},[84,101317,10522],{"class":146},[84,101319,150],{"class":98},[84,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,101323,156],{"class":133},[84,101325,137],{"class":98},[84,101327,166],{"class":146},[84,101329,150],{"class":98},[20,101331,172],{},[75,101333,101335],{"className":77,"code":101334,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101336,101337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101338,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101340,10118],{"class":98},[84,101342,103],{"class":102},[84,101344,106],{"class":98},[84,101346,119],{"class":102},[84,101348,10149],{"class":98},[20,101350,101351,101352,101354,101355,3736,101357,307],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101353,303],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101356,5608],{},[15,101358,10580],{},[45734,101360],{},[70,101362,18259],{"id":18258},[20,101364,101365,101367,101368,307],{},[15,101366,101015],{}," always returns a ",[53,101369,101370],{},"new set",[20,101372,44468],{},[30,101374,101375,101378,101381],{},[33,101376,101377],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,101379,101380],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,101382,101383],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101385,814],{},[75,101387,101389],{"className":77,"code":101388,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101390,101391,101407,101427,101431,101449,101453,101463],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101392,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101394,3410],{"class":90},[84,101396,95],{"class":94},[84,101398,11332],{"class":98},[84,101400,103],{"class":102},[84,101402,106],{"class":98},[84,101404,109],{"class":102},[84,101406,10149],{"class":98},[84,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101410,3437],{"class":90},[84,101412,95],{"class":94},[84,101414,11332],{"class":98},[84,101416,103],{"class":102},[84,101418,106],{"class":98},[84,101420,109],{"class":102},[84,101422,106],{"class":98},[84,101424,114],{"class":102},[84,101426,10149],{"class":98},[84,101428,101429],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101430,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101432,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101434,128],{"class":90},[84,101436,95],{"class":94},[84,101438,57703],{"class":90},[84,101440,307],{"class":98},[84,101442,3667],{"class":146},[84,101444,137],{"class":98},[84,101446,5608],{"class":146},[84,101448,150],{"class":98},[84,101450,101451],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,101452,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101454,101455,101457,101459,101461],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,101456,156],{"class":133},[84,101458,137],{"class":98},[84,101460,166],{"class":146},[84,101462,150],{"class":98},[84,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,101466,156],{"class":133},[84,101468,137],{"class":98},[84,101470,2624],{"class":140},[84,101472,137],{"class":98},[84,101474,166],{"class":146},[84,101476,169],{"class":98},[20,101478,172],{},[75,101480,101481],{"className":77,"code":99889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,101482,101483,101489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101484,101485,101487],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101486,7129],{"class":140},[84,101488,9482],{"class":98},[84,101490,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101492,1251],{"class":94},[84,101494,4152],{"class":614},[84,101496,196],{"class":185},[84,101498,7129],{"class":189},[84,101500,186],{"class":185},[84,101502,1270],{"class":94},[20,101504,101505,101506,19805,101508,101510,101511,101513],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101507,4649],{},[15,101509,4644],{},". In Python, ",[15,101512,4644],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45734,101515],{},[70,101517,418],{"id":417},[20,101519,101520],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[75,101522,101524],{"className":77,"code":101523,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101525,101526,101559,101592,101596,101616,101620,101630,101641],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101527,101528,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555,101557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101529,101530],{"class":90},"fruits_a ",[84,101532,95],{"class":94},[84,101534,11332],{"class":98},[84,101536,3711],{"class":185},[84,101538,4928],{"class":189},[84,101540,3711],{"class":185},[84,101542,106],{"class":98},[84,101544,4211],{"class":185},[84,101546,4937],{"class":189},[84,101548,3711],{"class":185},[84,101550,106],{"class":98},[84,101552,4211],{"class":185},[84,101554,34061],{"class":189},[84,101556,3711],{"class":185},[84,101558,10149],{"class":98},[84,101560,101561,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101562,101563],{"class":90},"fruits_b ",[84,101565,95],{"class":94},[84,101567,11332],{"class":98},[84,101569,3711],{"class":185},[84,101571,4937],{"class":189},[84,101573,3711],{"class":185},[84,101575,106],{"class":98},[84,101577,4211],{"class":185},[84,101579,34061],{"class":189},[84,101581,3711],{"class":185},[84,101583,106],{"class":98},[84,101585,4211],{"class":185},[84,101587,23376],{"class":189},[84,101589,3711],{"class":185},[84,101591,10149],{"class":98},[84,101593,101594],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101595,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101597,101598,101600,101602,101605,101607,101609,101611,101614],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101599,128],{"class":90},[84,101601,95],{"class":94},[84,101603,101604],{"class":90}," fruits_a",[84,101606,307],{"class":98},[84,101608,3667],{"class":146},[84,101610,137],{"class":98},[84,101612,101613],{"class":146},"fruits_b",[84,101615,150],{"class":98},[84,101617,101618],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,101619,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101621,101622,101624,101626,101628],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,101623,156],{"class":133},[84,101625,137],{"class":98},[84,101627,166],{"class":146},[84,101629,150],{"class":98},[84,101631,101632,101634,101636,101639],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,101633,156],{"class":133},[84,101635,137],{"class":98},[84,101637,101638],{"class":146},"fruits_a",[84,101640,150],{"class":98},[84,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,101644,156],{"class":133},[84,101646,137],{"class":98},[84,101648,101613],{"class":146},[84,101650,150],{"class":98},[20,101652,30871],{},[75,101654,101656],{"className":77,"code":101655,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101657,101658,101670,101698],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101659,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101661,10118],{"class":98},[84,101663,186],{"class":185},[84,101665,4928],{"class":189},[84,101667,186],{"class":185},[84,101669,10149],{"class":98},[84,101671,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101673,10118],{"class":98},[84,101675,186],{"class":185},[84,101677,4937],{"class":189},[84,101679,186],{"class":185},[84,101681,106],{"class":98},[84,101683,196],{"class":185},[84,101685,34061],{"class":189},[84,101687,186],{"class":185},[84,101689,106],{"class":98},[84,101691,196],{"class":185},[84,101693,4928],{"class":189},[84,101695,186],{"class":185},[84,101697,10149],{"class":98},[84,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101701,10118],{"class":98},[84,101703,186],{"class":185},[84,101705,4937],{"class":189},[84,101707,186],{"class":185},[84,101709,106],{"class":98},[84,101711,196],{"class":185},[84,101713,34061],{"class":189},[84,101715,186],{"class":185},[84,101717,106],{"class":98},[84,101719,196],{"class":185},[84,101721,23376],{"class":189},[84,101723,186],{"class":185},[84,101725,10149],{"class":98},[20,101727,528],{},[30,101729,101730,101735,101740,101746],{},[33,101731,101732,101733],{},"Start with ",[15,101734,101638],{},[33,101736,101737,101738],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101739,101613],{},[33,101741,101742,101743,101745],{},"Only ",[15,101744,58649],{}," remains",[33,101747,101748],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101750,101751],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45734,101753],{},[70,101755,595,101757,101759],{"id":101756},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101758,101015],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101761,101762,101763,307],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101764,101015],{},[20,101766,101767],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[75,101769,101771],{"className":77,"code":101770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101772,101773,101805,101822,101835,101852,101856,101885],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101774,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101776,91],{"class":90},[84,101778,95],{"class":94},[84,101780,11332],{"class":98},[84,101782,103],{"class":102},[84,101784,106],{"class":98},[84,101786,109],{"class":102},[84,101788,106],{"class":98},[84,101790,114],{"class":102},[84,101792,106],{"class":98},[84,101794,119],{"class":102},[84,101796,106],{"class":98},[84,101798,5452],{"class":102},[84,101800,106],{"class":98},[84,101802,733],{"class":102},[84,101804,10149],{"class":98},[84,101806,101807,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101808,101809],{"class":90},"group_a ",[84,101811,95],{"class":94},[84,101813,11332],{"class":98},[84,101815,199],{"class":102},[84,101817,106],{"class":98},[84,101819,119],{"class":102},[84,101821,10149],{"class":98},[84,101823,101824,101827,101829,101831,101833],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101825,101826],{"class":90},"group_b ",[84,101828,95],{"class":94},[84,101830,11332],{"class":98},[84,101832,3000],{"class":102},[84,101834,10149],{"class":98},[84,101836,101837,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101838,101839],{"class":90},"group_c ",[84,101841,95],{"class":94},[84,101843,11332],{"class":98},[84,101845,789],{"class":102},[84,101847,106],{"class":98},[84,101849,6836],{"class":102},[84,101851,10149],{"class":98},[84,101853,101854],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,101855,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101857,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101873,101875,101878,101880,101883],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,101859,128],{"class":90},[84,101861,95],{"class":94},[84,101863,147],{"class":90},[84,101865,307],{"class":98},[84,101867,3667],{"class":146},[84,101869,137],{"class":98},[84,101871,101872],{"class":146},"group_a",[84,101874,106],{"class":98},[84,101876,101877],{"class":146}," group_b",[84,101879,106],{"class":98},[84,101881,101882],{"class":146}," group_c",[84,101884,150],{"class":98},[84,101886,101887,101889,101891,101893],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,101888,156],{"class":133},[84,101890,137],{"class":98},[84,101892,166],{"class":146},[84,101894,150],{"class":98},[20,101896,172],{},[75,101898,101900],{"className":77,"code":101899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101901,101902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101905,10118],{"class":98},[84,101907,103],{"class":102},[84,101909,106],{"class":98},[84,101911,114],{"class":102},[84,101913,10149],{"class":98},[20,101915,101916],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45734,101918],{},[70,101920,101922,11427,101924],{"id":101921},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101923,101015],{},[15,101925,101926],{},"difference_update()",[20,101928,101929],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[995,101931,101932],{"id":3667},[15,101933,101015],{},[30,101935,101936,101939],{},[33,101937,101938],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101940,101941],{},"Does not change the original set",[75,101943,101945],{"className":77,"code":101944,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101946,101947,101971,101987,101991,102009,102013,102023],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,101950,3410],{"class":90},[84,101952,95],{"class":94},[84,101954,11332],{"class":98},[84,101956,103],{"class":102},[84,101958,106],{"class":98},[84,101960,109],{"class":102},[84,101962,106],{"class":98},[84,101964,114],{"class":102},[84,101966,106],{"class":98},[84,101968,119],{"class":102},[84,101970,10149],{"class":98},[84,101972,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,101974,3437],{"class":90},[84,101976,95],{"class":94},[84,101978,11332],{"class":98},[84,101980,208],{"class":102},[84,101982,106],{"class":98},[84,101984,119],{"class":102},[84,101986,10149],{"class":98},[84,101988,101989],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,101990,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,101992,101993,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,101994,128],{"class":90},[84,101996,95],{"class":94},[84,101998,57703],{"class":90},[84,102000,307],{"class":98},[84,102002,3667],{"class":146},[84,102004,137],{"class":98},[84,102006,5608],{"class":146},[84,102008,150],{"class":98},[84,102010,102011],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102012,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,102016,156],{"class":133},[84,102018,137],{"class":98},[84,102020,166],{"class":146},[84,102022,150],{"class":98},[84,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,102026,156],{"class":133},[84,102028,137],{"class":98},[84,102030,303],{"class":146},[84,102032,150],{"class":98},[20,102034,172],{},[75,102036,102038],{"className":77,"code":102037,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,102039,102040,102052],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102041,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102043,10118],{"class":98},[84,102045,103],{"class":102},[84,102047,106],{"class":98},[84,102049,109],{"class":102},[84,102051,10149],{"class":98},[84,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102055,10118],{"class":98},[84,102057,103],{"class":102},[84,102059,106],{"class":98},[84,102061,109],{"class":102},[84,102063,106],{"class":98},[84,102065,114],{"class":102},[84,102067,106],{"class":98},[84,102069,119],{"class":102},[84,102071,10149],{"class":98},[995,102073,102075],{"id":102074},"difference_update",[15,102076,101926],{},[30,102078,102079,102082],{},[33,102080,102081],{},"Changes the original set",[33,102083,96919],{},[75,102085,102087],{"className":77,"code":102086,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,102088,102089,102113,102129,102133,102147,102151],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102090,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102092,3410],{"class":90},[84,102094,95],{"class":94},[84,102096,11332],{"class":98},[84,102098,103],{"class":102},[84,102100,106],{"class":98},[84,102102,109],{"class":102},[84,102104,106],{"class":98},[84,102106,114],{"class":102},[84,102108,106],{"class":98},[84,102110,119],{"class":102},[84,102112,10149],{"class":98},[84,102114,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102116,3437],{"class":90},[84,102118,95],{"class":94},[84,102120,11332],{"class":98},[84,102122,208],{"class":102},[84,102124,106],{"class":98},[84,102126,119],{"class":102},[84,102128,10149],{"class":98},[84,102130,102131],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102132,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102134,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102136,303],{"class":90},[84,102138,307],{"class":98},[84,102140,102074],{"class":146},[84,102142,137],{"class":98},[84,102144,5608],{"class":146},[84,102146,150],{"class":98},[84,102148,102149],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102150,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102152,102153,102155,102157,102159],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,102154,156],{"class":133},[84,102156,137],{"class":98},[84,102158,303],{"class":146},[84,102160,150],{"class":98},[20,102162,172],{},[75,102164,102165],{"className":77,"code":101108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,102166,102167],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102168,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102170,10118],{"class":98},[84,102172,103],{"class":102},[84,102174,106],{"class":98},[84,102176,109],{"class":102},[84,102178,10149],{"class":98},[20,102180,224,102181,102183],{},[15,102182,101015],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102185,102186,102187,34441],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102188,101926],{},[45734,102190],{},[70,102192,102194,102196,102197,102199],{"id":102193},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102195,101015],{}," vs the ",[15,102198,2888],{}," operator",[20,102201,2847,102202,102204,102205,102207],{},[15,102203,2888],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102206,101015],{}," for two sets.",[75,102209,102211],{"className":77,"code":102210,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102212,102213,102237,102253,102257,102275],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102214,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102216,3410],{"class":90},[84,102218,95],{"class":94},[84,102220,11332],{"class":98},[84,102222,103],{"class":102},[84,102224,106],{"class":98},[84,102226,109],{"class":102},[84,102228,106],{"class":98},[84,102230,114],{"class":102},[84,102232,106],{"class":98},[84,102234,119],{"class":102},[84,102236,10149],{"class":98},[84,102238,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102240,3437],{"class":90},[84,102242,95],{"class":94},[84,102244,11332],{"class":98},[84,102246,208],{"class":102},[84,102248,106],{"class":98},[84,102250,119],{"class":102},[84,102252,10149],{"class":98},[84,102254,102255],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102256,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102258,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102260,156],{"class":133},[84,102262,137],{"class":98},[84,102264,303],{"class":146},[84,102266,307],{"class":98},[84,102268,3667],{"class":146},[84,102270,137],{"class":98},[84,102272,5608],{"class":146},[84,102274,169],{"class":98},[84,102276,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102278,156],{"class":133},[84,102280,137],{"class":98},[84,102282,3410],{"class":146},[84,102284,2888],{"class":94},[84,102286,835],{"class":146},[84,102288,150],{"class":98},[20,102290,172],{},[75,102292,102294],{"className":77,"code":102293,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102295,102296,102308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102297,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102299,10118],{"class":98},[84,102301,103],{"class":102},[84,102303,106],{"class":98},[84,102305,109],{"class":102},[84,102307,10149],{"class":98},[84,102309,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102311,10118],{"class":98},[84,102313,103],{"class":102},[84,102315,106],{"class":98},[84,102317,109],{"class":102},[84,102319,10149],{"class":98},[20,102321,102322],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102324,95189,102325,3348],{},[15,102326,101015],{},[30,102328,102329,102332,102335],{},[33,102330,102331],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,102333,102334],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,102336,102337],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102339,102340],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[75,102342,102344],{"className":77,"code":102343,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102345,102346,102374,102386,102398,102402],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102347,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102349,3410],{"class":90},[84,102351,95],{"class":94},[84,102353,11332],{"class":98},[84,102355,103],{"class":102},[84,102357,106],{"class":98},[84,102359,109],{"class":102},[84,102361,106],{"class":98},[84,102363,114],{"class":102},[84,102365,106],{"class":98},[84,102367,119],{"class":102},[84,102369,106],{"class":98},[84,102371,5452],{"class":102},[84,102373,10149],{"class":98},[84,102375,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102377,3437],{"class":90},[84,102379,95],{"class":94},[84,102381,11332],{"class":98},[84,102383,199],{"class":102},[84,102385,10149],{"class":98},[84,102387,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102389,83784],{"class":90},[84,102391,95],{"class":94},[84,102393,11332],{"class":98},[84,102395,217],{"class":102},[84,102397,10149],{"class":98},[84,102399,102400],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102401,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102403,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102405,156],{"class":133},[84,102407,137],{"class":98},[84,102409,303],{"class":146},[84,102411,307],{"class":98},[84,102413,3667],{"class":146},[84,102415,137],{"class":98},[84,102417,5608],{"class":146},[84,102419,106],{"class":98},[84,102421,10522],{"class":146},[84,102423,169],{"class":98},[20,102425,172],{},[75,102427,102429],{"className":77,"code":102428,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102430,102431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102432,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102434,10118],{"class":98},[84,102436,103],{"class":102},[84,102438,106],{"class":98},[84,102440,114],{"class":102},[84,102442,106],{"class":98},[84,102444,5452],{"class":102},[84,102446,10149],{"class":98},[20,102448,102449,102450,102452],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102451,2888],{}," operator expression.",[45734,102454],{},[70,102456,2058],{"id":2057},[20,102458,22054,102459,307],{},[15,102460,101015],{},[995,102462,102464],{"id":102463},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102466,5475,102467,102469,102470,3743],{},[53,102468,55],{}," change ",[15,102471,303],{},[75,102473,102475],{"className":77,"code":102474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102476,102477,102497,102509,102513,102527],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102478,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102480,3410],{"class":90},[84,102482,95],{"class":94},[84,102484,11332],{"class":98},[84,102486,103],{"class":102},[84,102488,106],{"class":98},[84,102490,109],{"class":102},[84,102492,106],{"class":98},[84,102494,114],{"class":102},[84,102496,10149],{"class":98},[84,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102500,3437],{"class":90},[84,102502,95],{"class":94},[84,102504,11332],{"class":98},[84,102506,208],{"class":102},[84,102508,10149],{"class":98},[84,102510,102511],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102512,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102516,303],{"class":90},[84,102518,307],{"class":98},[84,102520,3667],{"class":146},[84,102522,137],{"class":98},[84,102524,5608],{"class":146},[84,102526,150],{"class":98},[84,102528,102529,102531,102533,102535],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102530,156],{"class":133},[84,102532,137],{"class":98},[84,102534,303],{"class":146},[84,102536,150],{"class":98},[20,102538,172],{},[75,102540,102541],{"className":77,"code":97208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,102542,102543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102544,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102546,10118],{"class":98},[84,102548,103],{"class":102},[84,102550,106],{"class":98},[84,102552,109],{"class":102},[84,102554,106],{"class":98},[84,102556,114],{"class":102},[84,102558,10149],{"class":98},[20,102560,102561],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[75,102563,102565],{"className":77,"code":102564,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102566,102567,102587,102599,102603,102621],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102568,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102570,3410],{"class":90},[84,102572,95],{"class":94},[84,102574,11332],{"class":98},[84,102576,103],{"class":102},[84,102578,106],{"class":98},[84,102580,109],{"class":102},[84,102582,106],{"class":98},[84,102584,114],{"class":102},[84,102586,10149],{"class":98},[84,102588,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102590,3437],{"class":90},[84,102592,95],{"class":94},[84,102594,11332],{"class":98},[84,102596,208],{"class":102},[84,102598,10149],{"class":98},[84,102600,102601],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102602,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102606,3410],{"class":90},[84,102608,95],{"class":94},[84,102610,57703],{"class":90},[84,102612,307],{"class":98},[84,102614,3667],{"class":146},[84,102616,137],{"class":98},[84,102618,5608],{"class":146},[84,102620,150],{"class":98},[84,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102624,156],{"class":133},[84,102626,137],{"class":98},[84,102628,303],{"class":146},[84,102630,150],{"class":98},[20,102632,172],{},[75,102634,102635],{"className":77,"code":101108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,102636,102637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102638,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102640,10118],{"class":98},[84,102642,103],{"class":102},[84,102644,106],{"class":98},[84,102646,109],{"class":102},[84,102648,10149],{"class":98},[995,102650,102652],{"id":102651},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102654,102655,102658],{},[15,102656,102657],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,102660,102661,102666],{},[33,102662,102663,102664],{},"keep items from ",[15,102665,303],{},[33,102667,102668,102669],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102670,5608],{},[20,102672,41723,102673,102675,102676,102678],{},[53,102674,55],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102677,5608],{},"”.",[20,102680,814],{},[75,102682,102684],{"className":77,"code":102683,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102685,102686,102706,102726,102730,102748],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102687,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102689,3410],{"class":90},[84,102691,95],{"class":94},[84,102693,11332],{"class":98},[84,102695,103],{"class":102},[84,102697,106],{"class":98},[84,102699,109],{"class":102},[84,102701,106],{"class":98},[84,102703,114],{"class":102},[84,102705,10149],{"class":98},[84,102707,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102709,3437],{"class":90},[84,102711,95],{"class":94},[84,102713,11332],{"class":98},[84,102715,208],{"class":102},[84,102717,106],{"class":98},[84,102719,119],{"class":102},[84,102721,106],{"class":98},[84,102723,5452],{"class":102},[84,102725,10149],{"class":98},[84,102727,102728],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102729,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102731,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102733,156],{"class":133},[84,102735,137],{"class":98},[84,102737,303],{"class":146},[84,102739,307],{"class":98},[84,102741,3667],{"class":146},[84,102743,137],{"class":98},[84,102745,5608],{"class":146},[84,102747,169],{"class":98},[84,102749,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102751,156],{"class":133},[84,102753,137],{"class":98},[84,102755,5608],{"class":146},[84,102757,307],{"class":98},[84,102759,3667],{"class":146},[84,102761,137],{"class":98},[84,102763,303],{"class":146},[84,102765,169],{"class":98},[20,102767,172],{},[75,102769,102771],{"className":77,"code":102770,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102772,102773,102785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102776,10118],{"class":98},[84,102778,103],{"class":102},[84,102780,106],{"class":98},[84,102782,109],{"class":102},[84,102784,10149],{"class":98},[84,102786,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102788,10118],{"class":98},[84,102790,217],{"class":102},[84,102792,106],{"class":98},[84,102794,5452],{"class":102},[84,102796,10149],{"class":98},[20,102798,102799],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[995,102801,102803],{"id":102802},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102805,102806,102808],{},[15,102807,101015],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102810,56134],{},[75,102812,102814],{"className":77,"code":102813,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102815,102816,102836,102852,102856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102817,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102819,3410],{"class":90},[84,102821,95],{"class":94},[84,102823,99],{"class":98},[84,102825,103],{"class":102},[84,102827,106],{"class":98},[84,102829,109],{"class":102},[84,102831,106],{"class":98},[84,102833,114],{"class":102},[84,102835,122],{"class":98},[84,102837,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102839,3437],{"class":90},[84,102841,95],{"class":94},[84,102843,99],{"class":98},[84,102845,208],{"class":102},[84,102847,106],{"class":98},[84,102849,119],{"class":102},[84,102851,122],{"class":98},[84,102853,102854],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102855,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102857,102858],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102859,102860],{"class":4517},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102862,102863],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[75,102865,102867],{"className":77,"code":102866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102868,102869,102889,102905,102909,102935],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102870,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102872,3410],{"class":90},[84,102874,95],{"class":94},[84,102876,99],{"class":98},[84,102878,103],{"class":102},[84,102880,106],{"class":98},[84,102882,109],{"class":102},[84,102884,106],{"class":98},[84,102886,114],{"class":102},[84,102888,122],{"class":98},[84,102890,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,102892,3437],{"class":90},[84,102894,95],{"class":94},[84,102896,99],{"class":98},[84,102898,208],{"class":102},[84,102900,106],{"class":98},[84,102902,119],{"class":102},[84,102904,122],{"class":98},[84,102906,102907],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,102908,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,102910,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,102912,128],{"class":90},[84,102914,95],{"class":94},[84,102916,16477],{"class":140},[84,102918,137],{"class":98},[84,102920,303],{"class":146},[84,102922,9470],{"class":98},[84,102924,3667],{"class":146},[84,102926,137],{"class":98},[84,102928,7129],{"class":140},[84,102930,137],{"class":98},[84,102932,5608],{"class":146},[84,102934,169],{"class":98},[84,102936,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,102938,156],{"class":133},[84,102940,137],{"class":98},[84,102942,166],{"class":146},[84,102944,150],{"class":98},[20,102946,172],{},[75,102948,102949],{"className":77,"code":101108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,102950,102951],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102954,10118],{"class":98},[84,102956,103],{"class":102},[84,102958,106],{"class":98},[84,102960,109],{"class":102},[84,102962,10149],{"class":98},[995,102964,102966],{"id":102965},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102968,102969],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[75,102971,102973],{"className":77,"code":102972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102974,102975,103007,103023,103027],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,102976,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,102978,3410],{"class":90},[84,102980,95],{"class":94},[84,102982,11332],{"class":98},[84,102984,3711],{"class":185},[84,102986,37884],{"class":189},[84,102988,3711],{"class":185},[84,102990,106],{"class":98},[84,102992,4211],{"class":185},[84,102994,58943],{"class":189},[84,102996,3711],{"class":185},[84,102998,106],{"class":98},[84,103000,4211],{"class":185},[84,103002,58960],{"class":189},[84,103004,3711],{"class":185},[84,103006,10149],{"class":98},[84,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103010,3437],{"class":90},[84,103012,95],{"class":94},[84,103014,11332],{"class":98},[84,103016,3711],{"class":185},[84,103018,58943],{"class":189},[84,103020,3711],{"class":185},[84,103022,10149],{"class":98},[84,103024,103025],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103026,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103028,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,103030,156],{"class":133},[84,103032,137],{"class":98},[84,103034,303],{"class":146},[84,103036,307],{"class":98},[84,103038,3667],{"class":146},[84,103040,137],{"class":98},[84,103042,5608],{"class":146},[84,103044,169],{"class":98},[20,103046,103047],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[995,103049,103051],{"id":103050},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,103053,103054],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[75,103056,103058],{"className":77,"code":103057,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103059,103060,103088,103100,103104,103114],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103061,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103063,3410],{"class":90},[84,103065,95],{"class":94},[84,103067,11332],{"class":98},[84,103069,103],{"class":102},[84,103071,106],{"class":98},[84,103073,6341],{"class":102},[84,103075,106],{"class":98},[84,103077,109],{"class":102},[84,103079,106],{"class":98},[84,103081,109],{"class":102},[84,103083,106],{"class":98},[84,103085,114],{"class":102},[84,103087,10149],{"class":98},[84,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103091,3437],{"class":90},[84,103093,95],{"class":94},[84,103095,11332],{"class":98},[84,103097,208],{"class":102},[84,103099,10149],{"class":98},[84,103101,103102],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103103,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,103107,156],{"class":133},[84,103109,137],{"class":98},[84,103111,303],{"class":146},[84,103113,150],{"class":98},[84,103115,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,103117,156],{"class":133},[84,103119,137],{"class":98},[84,103121,303],{"class":146},[84,103123,307],{"class":98},[84,103125,3667],{"class":146},[84,103127,137],{"class":98},[84,103129,5608],{"class":146},[84,103131,169],{"class":98},[20,103133,172],{},[75,103135,103137],{"className":77,"code":103136,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,103138,103139,103155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103140,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103142,10118],{"class":98},[84,103144,103],{"class":102},[84,103146,106],{"class":98},[84,103148,109],{"class":102},[84,103150,106],{"class":98},[84,103152,114],{"class":102},[84,103154,10149],{"class":98},[84,103156,103157,103159,103161,103163,103165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103158,10118],{"class":98},[84,103160,103],{"class":102},[84,103162,106],{"class":98},[84,103164,109],{"class":102},[84,103166,10149],{"class":98},[20,103168,103169,103170,103172],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,103171,101015],{}," runs.",[995,103174,103176],{"id":103175},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103178,103179],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[75,103181,103183],{"className":77,"code":103182,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103184,103185,103209,103229,103233,103243,103253,103271,103293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103186,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103188,3410],{"class":90},[84,103190,95],{"class":94},[84,103192,11332],{"class":98},[84,103194,103],{"class":102},[84,103196,106],{"class":98},[84,103198,109],{"class":102},[84,103200,106],{"class":98},[84,103202,114],{"class":102},[84,103204,106],{"class":98},[84,103206,119],{"class":102},[84,103208,10149],{"class":98},[84,103210,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103212,3437],{"class":90},[84,103214,95],{"class":94},[84,103216,11332],{"class":98},[84,103218,208],{"class":102},[84,103220,106],{"class":98},[84,103222,119],{"class":102},[84,103224,106],{"class":98},[84,103226,5452],{"class":102},[84,103228,10149],{"class":98},[84,103230,103231],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103232,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103234,103235,103237,103239,103241],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,103236,156],{"class":133},[84,103238,137],{"class":98},[84,103240,303],{"class":146},[84,103242,150],{"class":98},[84,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,103246,156],{"class":133},[84,103248,137],{"class":98},[84,103250,5608],{"class":146},[84,103252,150],{"class":98},[84,103254,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,103256,156],{"class":133},[84,103258,137],{"class":98},[84,103260,303],{"class":146},[84,103262,307],{"class":98},[84,103264,3667],{"class":146},[84,103266,137],{"class":98},[84,103268,5608],{"class":146},[84,103270,169],{"class":98},[84,103272,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,103274,156],{"class":133},[84,103276,137],{"class":98},[84,103278,2624],{"class":140},[84,103280,137],{"class":98},[84,103282,303],{"class":146},[84,103284,307],{"class":98},[84,103286,3667],{"class":146},[84,103288,137],{"class":98},[84,103290,5608],{"class":146},[84,103292,3771],{"class":98},[84,103294,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,103296,156],{"class":133},[84,103298,137],{"class":98},[84,103300,12005],{"class":133},[84,103302,137],{"class":98},[84,103304,303],{"class":146},[84,103306,307],{"class":98},[84,103308,3667],{"class":146},[84,103310,137],{"class":98},[84,103312,5608],{"class":146},[84,103314,3771],{"class":98},[20,103316,12014],{},[30,103318,103319,103322,103325,103328],{},[33,103320,103321],{},"what is in each set",[33,103323,103324],{},"what result Python creates",[33,103326,103327],{},"that the result is a set",[33,103329,103330],{},"how many items remain",[45734,103332],{},[70,103334,2694],{"id":2693},[995,103336,2698,103338,103340],{"id":103337},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103339,101015],{}," change the original set?",[20,103342,103343],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[995,103345,6024,103347,5241,103349,3348],{"id":103346},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103348,101015],{},[15,103350,101926],{},[20,103352,103353,103355,103356,103358],{},[15,103354,101015],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103357,101926],{}," modifies the original set.",[995,103360,29169,103362,103364],{"id":103361},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103363,101015],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103366,103367],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[995,103369,103371],{"id":103370},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103373,103374],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45734,103376],{},[70,103378,2751],{"id":2750},[30,103380,103381,103385,103393],{},[33,103382,103383],{},[303,103384,96929],{"href":98100},[33,103386,103387],{},[303,103388,97415,103390,11583],{"href":103389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103391,103392],{},"intersection()",[33,103394,103395],{},[303,103396,97415,103398,11583],{"href":103397},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103399,103400],{},"union()",[2785,103402,103403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":103405},[103406,103407,103409,103410,103411,103412,103414,103419,103421,103429,103438],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":101137,"depth":125,"text":103408},"What difference() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":101756,"depth":125,"text":103413},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101921,"depth":125,"text":103415,"children":103416},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103417,103418],{"id":3667,"depth":153,"text":101015},{"id":102074,"depth":153,"text":101926},{"id":102193,"depth":125,"text":103420},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":103422},[103423,103424,103425,103426,103427,103428],{"id":102463,"depth":153,"text":102464},{"id":102651,"depth":153,"text":102652},{"id":102802,"depth":153,"text":102803},{"id":102965,"depth":153,"text":102966},{"id":103050,"depth":153,"text":103051},{"id":103175,"depth":153,"text":103176},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":103430},[103431,103433,103435,103437],{"id":103337,"depth":153,"text":103432},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103346,"depth":153,"text":103434},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103361,"depth":153,"text":103436},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103370,"depth":153,"text":103371},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":101007,"description":103439},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103446,"title":103447,"body":103448,"description":105143,"extension":2830,"meta":105144,"navigation":472,"path":105145,"seo":105146,"stem":105147,"__hash__":105148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103449,"toc":105105},[103450,103456,103462,103475,103477,103578,103580,103625,103630,103635,103639,103653,103656,103664,103666,103685,103703,103707,103760,103762,103783,103790,103795,103822,103829,103928,103930,103967,103975,103979,103985,103988,104061,104063,104071,104076,104145,104147,104172,104174,104177,104280,104282,104343,104346,104350,104356,104429,104431,104464,104467,104470,104510,104516,104539,104544,104548,104559,104562,104564,104568,104574,104576,104633,104643,104645,104698,104705,104710,104778,104786,104792,104796,104798,104837,104842,104891,104895,104898,104900,104939,104942,104944,104949,105006,105008,105022,105024,105028,105034,105039,105044,105051,105062,105068,105073,105075,105102],[10,103451,96801,103453,12166],{"id":103452},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103454,103455],{},"discard()",[20,103457,103458,103461],{},[15,103459,103460],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103463,103464,103465,362,103470,51,103472,103474],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[303,103466,103467],{"href":98810},[15,103468,103469],{},"set.remove()",[15,103471,103455],{},[53,103473,55],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[70,103476,73],{"id":72},[75,103478,103480],{"className":77,"code":103479,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103481,103482,103514,103533,103543,103547,103568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103483,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103485,13919],{"class":90},[84,103487,95],{"class":94},[84,103489,11332],{"class":98},[84,103491,3711],{"class":185},[84,103493,13936],{"class":189},[84,103495,3711],{"class":185},[84,103497,106],{"class":98},[84,103499,4211],{"class":185},[84,103501,13953],{"class":189},[84,103503,3711],{"class":185},[84,103505,106],{"class":98},[84,103507,4211],{"class":185},[84,103509,18296],{"class":189},[84,103511,3711],{"class":185},[84,103513,10149],{"class":98},[84,103515,103516,103518,103520,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103517,18343],{"class":90},[84,103519,307],{"class":98},[84,103521,103522],{"class":146},"discard",[84,103524,137],{"class":98},[84,103526,3711],{"class":185},[84,103528,13953],{"class":189},[84,103530,3711],{"class":185},[84,103532,150],{"class":98},[84,103534,103535,103537,103539,103541],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103536,156],{"class":133},[84,103538,137],{"class":98},[84,103540,18343],{"class":146},[84,103542,150],{"class":98},[84,103544,103545],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,103546,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103548,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,103550,18343],{"class":90},[84,103552,307],{"class":98},[84,103554,103522],{"class":146},[84,103556,137],{"class":98},[84,103558,3711],{"class":185},[84,103560,23367],{"class":189},[84,103562,3711],{"class":185},[84,103564,1970],{"class":98},[84,103566,103567],{"class":4517},"  # no error if missing\n",[84,103569,103570,103572,103574,103576],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,103571,156],{"class":133},[84,103573,137],{"class":98},[84,103575,18343],{"class":146},[84,103577,150],{"class":98},[20,103579,30871],{},[75,103581,103583],{"className":77,"code":103582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103584,103585,103605],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103586,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103588,10118],{"class":98},[84,103590,186],{"class":185},[84,103592,13936],{"class":189},[84,103594,186],{"class":185},[84,103596,106],{"class":98},[84,103598,196],{"class":185},[84,103600,18296],{"class":189},[84,103602,186],{"class":185},[84,103604,10149],{"class":98},[84,103606,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103608,10118],{"class":98},[84,103610,186],{"class":185},[84,103612,13936],{"class":189},[84,103614,186],{"class":185},[84,103616,106],{"class":98},[84,103618,196],{"class":185},[84,103620,18296],{"class":189},[84,103622,186],{"class":185},[84,103624,10149],{"class":98},[20,103626,224,103627,103629],{},[15,103628,103455],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[70,103631,235,103633,238],{"id":103632},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103634,103460],{},[20,103636,103637,3743],{},[15,103638,103455],{},[30,103640,103641,103644,103647,103649],{},[33,103642,103643],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,103645,103646],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,103648,96916],{},[33,103650,12268,103651],{},[15,103652,4630],{},[20,103654,103655],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103657,96925,103658,3736,103661,307],{},[303,103659,103660],{"href":99392},"what a set is in Python",[303,103662,103663],{"href":98484},"how to create a set",[70,103665,311],{"id":310},[75,103667,103669],{"className":77,"code":103668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103670,103671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103672,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103674,16510],{"class":90},[84,103676,307],{"class":98},[84,103678,103522],{"class":146},[84,103680,137],{"class":98},[84,103682,3329],{"class":146},[84,103684,150],{"class":98},[30,103686,103687,103692,103697,103700],{},[33,103688,103689,103691],{},[15,103690,16510],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,103693,103694,103696],{},[15,103695,3329],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,103698,103699],{},"The set must already exist",[33,103701,103702],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[995,103704,103706],{"id":103705},"example","Example",[75,103708,103710],{"className":77,"code":103709,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103711,103712,103736,103750],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103713,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103715,91],{"class":90},[84,103717,95],{"class":94},[84,103719,11332],{"class":98},[84,103721,103],{"class":102},[84,103723,106],{"class":98},[84,103725,109],{"class":102},[84,103727,106],{"class":98},[84,103729,114],{"class":102},[84,103731,106],{"class":98},[84,103733,119],{"class":102},[84,103735,10149],{"class":98},[84,103737,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103739,535],{"class":90},[84,103741,307],{"class":98},[84,103743,103522],{"class":146},[84,103745,137],{"class":98},[84,103747,208],{"class":102},[84,103749,150],{"class":98},[84,103751,103752,103754,103756,103758],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103753,156],{"class":133},[84,103755,137],{"class":98},[84,103757,535],{"class":146},[84,103759,150],{"class":98},[20,103761,172],{},[75,103763,103765],{"className":77,"code":103764,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103766,103767],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103768,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103770,10118],{"class":98},[84,103772,103],{"class":102},[84,103774,106],{"class":98},[84,103776,109],{"class":102},[84,103778,106],{"class":98},[84,103780,119],{"class":102},[84,103782,10149],{"class":98},[70,103784,103786,103787,103789],{"id":103785},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103788,103455],{}," different",[20,103791,103792,103794],{},[15,103793,103455],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,103796,103797,103810,103819],{},[33,103798,103799,103800,362,103804,103806,103807,103809],{},"Unlike ",[303,103801,103802],{"href":98810},[15,103803,56344],{},[15,103805,103455],{}," does not raise ",[15,103808,20529],{}," when the item is missing",[33,103811,103799,103812,362,103816,103818],{},[303,103813,103814],{"href":98815},[15,103815,13605],{},[15,103817,103455],{}," removes a specific item",[33,103820,103821],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[995,103823,103825,11427,103827],{"id":103824},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103826,103455],{},[15,103828,56344],{},[75,103830,103832],{"className":77,"code":103831,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103833,103834,103858,103862,103883,103893,103897,103918],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103835,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103837,8620],{"class":90},[84,103839,95],{"class":94},[84,103841,11332],{"class":98},[84,103843,3711],{"class":185},[84,103845,4928],{"class":189},[84,103847,3711],{"class":185},[84,103849,106],{"class":98},[84,103851,4211],{"class":185},[84,103853,4937],{"class":189},[84,103855,3711],{"class":185},[84,103857,10149],{"class":98},[84,103859,103860],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103861,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103863,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,103865,8649],{"class":90},[84,103867,307],{"class":98},[84,103869,103522],{"class":146},[84,103871,137],{"class":98},[84,103873,3711],{"class":185},[84,103875,34061],{"class":189},[84,103877,3711],{"class":185},[84,103879,1970],{"class":98},[84,103881,103882],{"class":4517},"   # no error\n",[84,103884,103885,103887,103889,103891],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,103886,156],{"class":133},[84,103888,137],{"class":98},[84,103890,8649],{"class":146},[84,103892,150],{"class":98},[84,103894,103895],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,103896,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,103898,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,103900,8649],{"class":90},[84,103902,307],{"class":98},[84,103904,35633],{"class":146},[84,103906,137],{"class":98},[84,103908,3711],{"class":185},[84,103910,4937],{"class":189},[84,103912,3711],{"class":185},[84,103914,1970],{"class":98},[84,103916,103917],{"class":4517},"    # removes existing item\n",[84,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,103921,156],{"class":133},[84,103923,137],{"class":98},[84,103925,8649],{"class":146},[84,103927,150],{"class":98},[20,103929,172],{},[75,103931,103933],{"className":77,"code":103932,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103934,103935,103955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103936,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103938,10118],{"class":98},[84,103940,186],{"class":185},[84,103942,4928],{"class":189},[84,103944,186],{"class":185},[84,103946,106],{"class":98},[84,103948,196],{"class":185},[84,103950,4937],{"class":189},[84,103952,186],{"class":185},[84,103954,10149],{"class":98},[84,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,103958,10118],{"class":98},[84,103960,186],{"class":185},[84,103962,4928],{"class":189},[84,103964,186],{"class":185},[84,103966,10149],{"class":98},[20,103968,41160,103969,103971,103972,103974],{},[15,103970,56344],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[303,103973,11918],{"href":11917}," for more help with that case.",[70,103976,103978],{"id":103977},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103980,103981,3254,103983,307],{},[15,103982,103455],{},[15,103984,4630],{},[20,103986,103987],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[75,103989,103991],{"className":77,"code":103990,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103992,103993,104025,104047,104051],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,103994,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,103996,13919],{"class":90},[84,103998,95],{"class":94},[84,104000,11332],{"class":98},[84,104002,3711],{"class":185},[84,104004,13936],{"class":189},[84,104006,3711],{"class":185},[84,104008,106],{"class":98},[84,104010,4211],{"class":185},[84,104012,13953],{"class":189},[84,104014,3711],{"class":185},[84,104016,106],{"class":98},[84,104018,4211],{"class":185},[84,104020,18296],{"class":189},[84,104022,3711],{"class":185},[84,104024,10149],{"class":98},[84,104026,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104028,128],{"class":90},[84,104030,95],{"class":94},[84,104032,13967],{"class":90},[84,104034,307],{"class":98},[84,104036,103522],{"class":146},[84,104038,137],{"class":98},[84,104040,3711],{"class":185},[84,104042,13953],{"class":189},[84,104044,3711],{"class":185},[84,104046,150],{"class":98},[84,104048,104049],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104050,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104052,104053,104055,104057,104059],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104054,156],{"class":133},[84,104056,137],{"class":98},[84,104058,166],{"class":146},[84,104060,150],{"class":98},[20,104062,172],{},[75,104064,104065],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,104066,104067],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104068,104069],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104070,12651],{"class":4704},[20,104072,104073,104074,3743],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,104075,18343],{},[75,104077,104079],{"className":77,"code":104078,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,104080,104081,104113,104131,104135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104082,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104084,13919],{"class":90},[84,104086,95],{"class":94},[84,104088,11332],{"class":98},[84,104090,3711],{"class":185},[84,104092,13936],{"class":189},[84,104094,3711],{"class":185},[84,104096,106],{"class":98},[84,104098,4211],{"class":185},[84,104100,13953],{"class":189},[84,104102,3711],{"class":185},[84,104104,106],{"class":98},[84,104106,4211],{"class":185},[84,104108,18296],{"class":189},[84,104110,3711],{"class":185},[84,104112,10149],{"class":98},[84,104114,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104116,18343],{"class":90},[84,104118,307],{"class":98},[84,104120,103522],{"class":146},[84,104122,137],{"class":98},[84,104124,3711],{"class":185},[84,104126,13953],{"class":189},[84,104128,3711],{"class":185},[84,104130,150],{"class":98},[84,104132,104133],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104134,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104138,156],{"class":133},[84,104140,137],{"class":98},[84,104142,18343],{"class":146},[84,104144,150],{"class":98},[20,104146,172],{},[75,104148,104150],{"className":77,"code":104149,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,104151,104152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104153,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104155,10118],{"class":98},[84,104157,186],{"class":185},[84,104159,13936],{"class":189},[84,104161,186],{"class":185},[84,104163,106],{"class":98},[84,104165,196],{"class":185},[84,104167,18296],{"class":189},[84,104169,186],{"class":185},[84,104171,10149],{"class":98},[70,104173,418],{"id":417},[20,104175,104176],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[75,104178,104180],{"className":77,"code":104179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104181,104182,104214,104218,104236,104240,104258,104262],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104183,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104185,37076],{"class":90},[84,104187,95],{"class":94},[84,104189,11332],{"class":98},[84,104191,3711],{"class":185},[84,104193,4928],{"class":189},[84,104195,3711],{"class":185},[84,104197,106],{"class":98},[84,104199,4211],{"class":185},[84,104201,4937],{"class":189},[84,104203,3711],{"class":185},[84,104205,106],{"class":98},[84,104207,4211],{"class":185},[84,104209,34061],{"class":189},[84,104211,3711],{"class":185},[84,104213,10149],{"class":98},[84,104215,104216],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104217,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104219,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104221,156],{"class":133},[84,104223,137],{"class":98},[84,104225,3711],{"class":185},[84,104227,12407],{"class":189},[84,104229,3711],{"class":185},[84,104231,106],{"class":98},[84,104233,53668],{"class":146},[84,104235,150],{"class":98},[84,104237,104238],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104239,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104241,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,104243,37128],{"class":90},[84,104245,307],{"class":98},[84,104247,103522],{"class":146},[84,104249,137],{"class":98},[84,104251,3711],{"class":185},[84,104253,4937],{"class":189},[84,104255,3711],{"class":185},[84,104257,150],{"class":98},[84,104259,104260],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,104261,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104263,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,104265,156],{"class":133},[84,104267,137],{"class":98},[84,104269,3711],{"class":185},[84,104271,12447],{"class":189},[84,104273,3711],{"class":185},[84,104275,106],{"class":98},[84,104277,53668],{"class":146},[84,104279,150],{"class":98},[20,104281,172],{},[75,104283,104285],{"className":77,"code":104284,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104286,104287,104319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104288,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104290,12467],{"class":90},[84,104292,3743],{"class":98},[84,104294,11332],{"class":98},[84,104296,186],{"class":185},[84,104298,4937],{"class":189},[84,104300,186],{"class":185},[84,104302,106],{"class":98},[84,104304,196],{"class":185},[84,104306,4928],{"class":189},[84,104308,186],{"class":185},[84,104310,106],{"class":98},[84,104312,196],{"class":185},[84,104314,34061],{"class":189},[84,104316,186],{"class":185},[84,104318,10149],{"class":98},[84,104320,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104322,12520],{"class":90},[84,104324,3743],{"class":98},[84,104326,11332],{"class":98},[84,104328,186],{"class":185},[84,104330,4928],{"class":189},[84,104332,186],{"class":185},[84,104334,106],{"class":98},[84,104336,196],{"class":185},[84,104338,34061],{"class":189},[84,104340,186],{"class":185},[84,104342,10149],{"class":98},[20,104344,104345],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[70,104347,104349],{"id":104348},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104351,104352,104353,104355],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104354,103455],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[75,104357,104359],{"className":77,"code":104358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104360,104361,104393,104397,104415,104419],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104362,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104364,37076],{"class":90},[84,104366,95],{"class":94},[84,104368,11332],{"class":98},[84,104370,3711],{"class":185},[84,104372,4928],{"class":189},[84,104374,3711],{"class":185},[84,104376,106],{"class":98},[84,104378,4211],{"class":185},[84,104380,4937],{"class":189},[84,104382,3711],{"class":185},[84,104384,106],{"class":98},[84,104386,4211],{"class":185},[84,104388,34061],{"class":189},[84,104390,3711],{"class":185},[84,104392,10149],{"class":98},[84,104394,104395],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104396,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104398,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104400,37128],{"class":90},[84,104402,307],{"class":98},[84,104404,103522],{"class":146},[84,104406,137],{"class":98},[84,104408,3711],{"class":185},[84,104410,23376],{"class":189},[84,104412,3711],{"class":185},[84,104414,150],{"class":98},[84,104416,104417],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104418,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104420,104421,104423,104425,104427],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,104422,156],{"class":133},[84,104424,137],{"class":98},[84,104426,37128],{"class":146},[84,104428,150],{"class":98},[20,104430,172],{},[75,104432,104434],{"className":77,"code":104433,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104435,104436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104437,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104439,10118],{"class":98},[84,104441,186],{"class":185},[84,104443,4937],{"class":189},[84,104445,186],{"class":185},[84,104447,106],{"class":98},[84,104449,196],{"class":185},[84,104451,4928],{"class":189},[84,104453,186],{"class":185},[84,104455,106],{"class":98},[84,104457,196],{"class":185},[84,104459,34061],{"class":189},[84,104461,186],{"class":185},[84,104463,10149],{"class":98},[20,104465,104466],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104468,104469],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[75,104471,104473],{"className":77,"code":104472,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104474,104475,104491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104476,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104478,7836],{"class":633},[84,104480,4211],{"class":185},[84,104482,23376],{"class":189},[84,104484,3711],{"class":185},[84,104486,22016],{"class":94},[84,104488,53668],{"class":90},[84,104490,1440],{"class":98},[84,104492,104493,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104494,104495],{"class":90},"    fruits",[84,104497,307],{"class":98},[84,104499,35633],{"class":146},[84,104501,137],{"class":98},[84,104503,3711],{"class":185},[84,104505,23376],{"class":189},[84,104507,3711],{"class":185},[84,104509,150],{"class":98},[20,104511,104512,104513,104515],{},"With ",[15,104514,103455],{},", you can simply write:",[75,104517,104519],{"className":77,"code":104518,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104520,104521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104522,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104524,37128],{"class":90},[84,104526,307],{"class":98},[84,104528,103522],{"class":146},[84,104530,137],{"class":98},[84,104532,3711],{"class":185},[84,104534,23376],{"class":189},[84,104536,3711],{"class":185},[84,104538,150],{"class":98},[70,104540,1741,104542],{"id":104541},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104543,103455],{},[20,104545,224,104546,11443],{},[15,104547,103455],{},[30,104549,104550,104553,104556],{},[33,104551,104552],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,104554,104555],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,104557,104558],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104560,104561],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[70,104563,3686],{"id":3685},[20,104565,9285,104566,307],{},[15,104567,103455],{},[995,104569,9291,104571,104573],{"id":104570},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104572,103455],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104575,5372],{},[75,104577,104579],{"className":77,"code":104578,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104580,104581,104601,104619,104623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104582,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104584,91],{"class":90},[84,104586,95],{"class":94},[84,104588,11332],{"class":98},[84,104590,103],{"class":102},[84,104592,106],{"class":98},[84,104594,109],{"class":102},[84,104596,106],{"class":98},[84,104598,114],{"class":102},[84,104600,10149],{"class":98},[84,104602,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104604,91],{"class":90},[84,104606,95],{"class":94},[84,104608,147],{"class":90},[84,104610,307],{"class":98},[84,104612,103522],{"class":146},[84,104614,137],{"class":98},[84,104616,199],{"class":102},[84,104618,150],{"class":98},[84,104620,104621],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104622,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104624,104625,104627,104629,104631],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104626,156],{"class":133},[84,104628,137],{"class":98},[84,104630,535],{"class":146},[84,104632,150],{"class":98},[20,104634,104635,551,104637,9440,104639,3254,104641,307],{},[15,104636,535],{},[15,104638,4630],{},[15,104640,103455],{},[15,104642,4630],{},[20,104644,19682],{},[75,104646,104648],{"className":77,"code":104647,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104649,104650,104670,104684,104688],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104651,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104653,91],{"class":90},[84,104655,95],{"class":94},[84,104657,11332],{"class":98},[84,104659,103],{"class":102},[84,104661,106],{"class":98},[84,104663,109],{"class":102},[84,104665,106],{"class":98},[84,104667,114],{"class":102},[84,104669,10149],{"class":98},[84,104671,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104673,535],{"class":90},[84,104675,307],{"class":98},[84,104677,103522],{"class":146},[84,104679,137],{"class":98},[84,104681,199],{"class":102},[84,104683,150],{"class":98},[84,104685,104686],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104687,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,104689,104690,104692,104694,104696],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104691,156],{"class":133},[84,104693,137],{"class":98},[84,104695,535],{"class":146},[84,104697,150],{"class":98},[995,104699,38041,104701,9544,104703],{"id":104700},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104702,103455],{},[15,104704,56344],{},[20,104706,104707,104708,307],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104709,103455],{},[75,104711,104713],{"className":77,"code":104712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104714,104715,104747,104768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104716,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104718,36928],{"class":90},[84,104720,95],{"class":94},[84,104722,11332],{"class":98},[84,104724,3711],{"class":185},[84,104726,303],{"class":189},[84,104728,3711],{"class":185},[84,104730,106],{"class":98},[84,104732,4211],{"class":185},[84,104734,5608],{"class":189},[84,104736,3711],{"class":185},[84,104738,106],{"class":98},[84,104740,4211],{"class":185},[84,104742,10580],{"class":189},[84,104744,3711],{"class":185},[84,104746,10149],{"class":98},[84,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104750,36981],{"class":90},[84,104752,307],{"class":98},[84,104754,103522],{"class":146},[84,104756,137],{"class":98},[84,104758,3711],{"class":185},[84,104760,22920],{"class":189},[84,104762,3711],{"class":185},[84,104764,1970],{"class":98},[84,104766,104767],{"class":4517},"   # safe\n",[84,104769,104770,104772,104774,104776],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104771,156],{"class":133},[84,104773,137],{"class":98},[84,104775,36981],{"class":146},[84,104777,150],{"class":98},[20,104779,104780,104781,46725,104784,307],{},"If you use ",[15,104782,104783],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104785,20529],{},[995,104787,26456,104789,104791],{"id":104788},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104790,103455],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104793,104794,102808],{},[15,104795,103455],{},[20,104797,2155],{},[75,104799,104801],{"className":77,"code":104800,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104802,104803,104823],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104804,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104806,8620],{"class":90},[84,104808,95],{"class":94},[84,104810,99],{"class":98},[84,104812,103],{"class":102},[84,104814,106],{"class":98},[84,104816,109],{"class":102},[84,104818,106],{"class":98},[84,104820,114],{"class":102},[84,104822,122],{"class":98},[84,104824,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104826,8649],{"class":90},[84,104828,307],{"class":98},[84,104830,103522],{"class":146},[84,104832,137],{"class":98},[84,104834,199],{"class":102},[84,104836,150],{"class":98},[20,104838,104839,104840,3743],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104841,103455],{},[75,104843,104845],{"className":77,"code":104844,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104846,104847,104867,104881],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104848,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104850,8620],{"class":90},[84,104852,95],{"class":94},[84,104854,11332],{"class":98},[84,104856,103],{"class":102},[84,104858,106],{"class":98},[84,104860,109],{"class":102},[84,104862,106],{"class":98},[84,104864,114],{"class":102},[84,104866,10149],{"class":98},[84,104868,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104870,8649],{"class":90},[84,104872,307],{"class":98},[84,104874,103522],{"class":146},[84,104876,137],{"class":98},[84,104878,199],{"class":102},[84,104880,150],{"class":98},[84,104882,104883,104885,104887,104889],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104884,156],{"class":133},[84,104886,137],{"class":98},[84,104888,8649],{"class":146},[84,104890,150],{"class":98},[995,104892,104894],{"id":104893},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104896,104897],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104899,3693],{},[75,104901,104903],{"className":77,"code":104902,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104904,104905,104925],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104906,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104908,10005],{"class":90},[84,104910,95],{"class":94},[84,104912,11332],{"class":98},[84,104914,103],{"class":102},[84,104916,106],{"class":98},[84,104918,109],{"class":102},[84,104920,106],{"class":98},[84,104922,114],{"class":102},[84,104924,10149],{"class":98},[84,104926,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104928,10044],{"class":90},[84,104930,307],{"class":98},[84,104932,103522],{"class":146},[84,104934,3845],{"class":98},[84,104936,199],{"class":102},[84,104938,4737],{"class":98},[20,104940,104941],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[70,104943,9712],{"id":9711},[20,104945,2583,104946,104948],{},[15,104947,103455],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[75,104950,104952],{"className":77,"code":104951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104953,104954,104964,104978,104992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,104955,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,104957,156],{"class":133},[84,104959,137],{"class":98},[84,104961,16510],{"class":146},[84,104963,150],{"class":98},[84,104965,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,104967,156],{"class":133},[84,104969,137],{"class":98},[84,104971,2624],{"class":140},[84,104973,137],{"class":98},[84,104975,16510],{"class":146},[84,104977,169],{"class":98},[84,104979,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,104981,156],{"class":133},[84,104983,137],{"class":98},[84,104985,3304],{"class":146},[84,104987,1434],{"class":633},[84,104989,97525],{"class":146},[84,104991,150],{"class":98},[84,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,104995,32994],{"class":133},[84,104997,137],{"class":98},[84,104999,7129],{"class":140},[84,105001,307],{"class":98},[84,105003,103522],{"class":25590},[84,105005,150],{"class":98},[20,105007,12014],{},[30,105009,105010,105013,105016,105019],{},[33,105011,105012],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,105014,105015],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,105017,105018],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,105020,105021],{},"How Python documents the method",[70,105023,2694],{"id":2693},[995,105025,105027],{"id":105026},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,105029,105030,105031,105033],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,105032,103455],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[995,105035,5987,105037,13558],{"id":105036},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,105038,103460],{},[20,105040,5993,105041,105043],{},[15,105042,4630],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[995,105045,6024,105047,5241,105049,3348],{"id":105046},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,105048,103455],{},[15,105050,56344],{},[20,105052,105053,105054,27378,105056,105058,105059,105061],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,105055,56344],{},[15,105057,20529],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,105060,103455],{}," does not.",[995,105063,29169,105065,105067],{"id":105064},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,105066,103455],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,105069,47182,105070,105072],{},[15,105071,103455],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[70,105074,2751],{"id":2750},[30,105076,105077,105083,105089,105094,105098],{},[33,105078,105079],{},[303,105080,97415,105081,11583],{"href":98810},[15,105082,56344],{},[33,105084,105085],{},[303,105086,97415,105087,11583],{"href":98815},[15,105088,13605],{},[33,105090,105091],{},[303,105092,105093],{"href":98484},"Python set: creating a set",[33,105095,105096],{},[303,105097,100950],{"href":99392},[33,105099,105100],{},[303,105101,12106],{"href":11917},[2785,105103,105104],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":105106},[105107,105108,105110,105113,105118,105119,105120,105121,105123,105132,105133,105142],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":103632,"depth":125,"text":105109},"What set.discard() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":105111},[105112],{"id":103705,"depth":153,"text":103706},{"id":103785,"depth":125,"text":105114,"children":105115},"What makes discard() different",[105116],{"id":103824,"depth":153,"text":105117},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103977,"depth":125,"text":103978},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":104348,"depth":125,"text":104349},{"id":104541,"depth":125,"text":105122},"When to use discard()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":105124},[105125,105127,105129,105131],{"id":104570,"depth":153,"text":105126},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104700,"depth":153,"text":105128},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104788,"depth":153,"text":105130},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104893,"depth":153,"text":104894},{"id":9711,"depth":125,"text":9712},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":105134},[105135,105136,105138,105140],{"id":105026,"depth":153,"text":105027},{"id":105036,"depth":153,"text":105137},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":105046,"depth":153,"text":105139},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":105064,"depth":153,"text":105141},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103447,"description":105143},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105150,"title":105151,"body":105152,"description":107158,"extension":2830,"meta":107159,"navigation":472,"path":107160,"seo":107161,"stem":107162,"__hash__":107163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105153,"toc":107116},[105154,105157,105165,105170,105181,105183,105238,105242,105262,105267,105271,105276,105278,105292,105294,105369,105371,105404,105409,105414,105416,105418,105433,105436,105444,105449,105464,105466,105555,105557,105646,105652,105656,105658,105696,105698,105722,105725,105740,105742,105797,105799,105832,105834,105839,105843,105847,105852,105917,105919,105939,105945,105949,106006,106008,106029,106033,106038,106083,106085,106118,106121,106125,106158,106160,106189,106193,106197,106200,106202,106221,106223,106269,106274,106288,106290,106321,106326,106329,106373,106375,106403,106407,106411,106427,106430,106495,106497,106509,106512,106516,106519,106524,106552,106554,106572,106578,106617,106619,106637,106643,106672,106674,106692,106695,106712,106714,106719,106723,106726,106752,106759,106764,106779,106788,106792,106795,106826,106832,106835,106844,106847,106849,106851,106909,106912,106937,106939,106943,106946,106950,106958,106962,106965,106969,106972,106974,106997,106999,107040,107047,107055,107058,107089,107091,107113],[10,105155,105151],{"id":105156},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105158,9962,105159,105161,105162,307],{},[15,105160,4649],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[53,105163,105164],{},"unique values only",[20,105166,36242,105167,105169],{},[15,105168,4649],{}," to:",[30,105171,105172,105175,105178],{},[33,105173,105174],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,105176,105177],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,105179,105180],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[70,105182,73],{"id":72},[75,105184,105186],{"className":77,"code":105185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105187,105188,105212,105227],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105189,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105191,91],{"class":90},[84,105193,95],{"class":94},[84,105195,99],{"class":98},[84,105197,103],{"class":102},[84,105199,106],{"class":98},[84,105201,109],{"class":102},[84,105203,106],{"class":98},[84,105205,109],{"class":102},[84,105207,106],{"class":98},[84,105209,114],{"class":102},[84,105211,122],{"class":98},[84,105213,105214,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105215,105216],{"class":90},"unique_numbers ",[84,105218,95],{"class":94},[84,105220,16477],{"class":140},[84,105222,137],{"class":98},[84,105224,535],{"class":146},[84,105226,150],{"class":98},[84,105228,105229,105231,105233,105236],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105230,156],{"class":133},[84,105232,137],{"class":98},[84,105234,105235],{"class":146},"unique_numbers",[84,105237,150],{"class":98},[20,105239,105240],{},[53,105241,172],{},[75,105243,105244],{"className":77,"code":97208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105245,105246],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105247,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105249,10118],{"class":98},[84,105251,103],{"class":102},[84,105253,106],{"class":98},[84,105255,109],{"class":102},[84,105257,106],{"class":98},[84,105259,114],{"class":102},[84,105261,10149],{"class":98},[20,105263,224,105264,105266],{},[15,105265,4649],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[70,105268,105270],{"id":105269},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105272,105273,105275],{},[15,105274,4649],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105277,31382],{},[30,105279,105280,105283,105286,105289],{},[33,105281,105282],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,105284,105285],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,105287,105288],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,105290,105291],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105293,814],{},[75,105295,105297],{"className":77,"code":105296,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105298,105299,105339,105354,105358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105300,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105302,13919],{"class":90},[84,105304,95],{"class":94},[84,105306,99],{"class":98},[84,105308,3711],{"class":185},[84,105310,13936],{"class":189},[84,105312,3711],{"class":185},[84,105314,106],{"class":98},[84,105316,4211],{"class":185},[84,105318,13953],{"class":189},[84,105320,3711],{"class":185},[84,105322,106],{"class":98},[84,105324,4211],{"class":185},[84,105326,13936],{"class":189},[84,105328,3711],{"class":185},[84,105330,106],{"class":98},[84,105332,4211],{"class":185},[84,105334,18296],{"class":189},[84,105336,3711],{"class":185},[84,105338,122],{"class":98},[84,105340,105341,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105342,105343],{"class":90},"unique_colors ",[84,105345,95],{"class":94},[84,105347,16477],{"class":140},[84,105349,137],{"class":98},[84,105351,18343],{"class":146},[84,105353,150],{"class":98},[84,105355,105356],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105357,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,105359,105360,105362,105364,105367],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105361,156],{"class":133},[84,105363,137],{"class":98},[84,105365,105366],{"class":146},"unique_colors",[84,105368,150],{"class":98},[20,105370,30871],{},[75,105372,105374],{"className":77,"code":105373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105375,105376],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105379,10118],{"class":98},[84,105381,186],{"class":185},[84,105383,13953],{"class":189},[84,105385,186],{"class":185},[84,105387,106],{"class":98},[84,105389,196],{"class":185},[84,105391,18296],{"class":189},[84,105393,186],{"class":185},[84,105395,106],{"class":98},[84,105397,196],{"class":185},[84,105399,13936],{"class":189},[84,105401,186],{"class":185},[84,105403,10149],{"class":98},[20,105405,3144,105406,105408],{},[15,105407,66209],{}," appears only once.",[20,105410,105411,105412,307],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[303,105413,96929],{"href":96928},[70,105415,311],{"id":310},[20,105417,3023],{},[75,105419,105421],{"className":77,"code":105420,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105422,105423],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105424,105425,105427,105429,105431],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105426,7129],{"class":140},[84,105428,137],{"class":98},[84,105430,249],{"class":146},[84,105432,150],{"class":98},[20,105434,105435],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,105437,105438,105441],{},[33,105439,105440],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,105442,105443],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105445,105446,105447,3743],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105448,4649],{},[30,105450,105451,105453,105455,105457,105461],{},[33,105452,161],{},[33,105454,49768],{},[33,105456,61991],{},[33,105458,105459],{},[15,105460,37035],{},[33,105462,105463],{},"another set",[20,105465,2989],{},[75,105467,105469],{"className":77,"code":105468,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105470,105471,105497,105519,105537],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105472,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105474,156],{"class":133},[84,105476,137],{"class":98},[84,105478,7129],{"class":140},[84,105480,3845],{"class":98},[84,105482,103],{"class":102},[84,105484,106],{"class":98},[84,105486,109],{"class":102},[84,105488,106],{"class":98},[84,105490,109],{"class":102},[84,105492,106],{"class":98},[84,105494,114],{"class":102},[84,105496,3858],{"class":98},[84,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105500,156],{"class":133},[84,105502,137],{"class":98},[84,105504,7129],{"class":140},[84,105506,6354],{"class":98},[84,105508,437],{"class":102},[84,105510,106],{"class":98},[84,105512,442],{"class":102},[84,105514,106],{"class":98},[84,105516,6847],{"class":102},[84,105518,3771],{"class":98},[84,105520,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105522,156],{"class":133},[84,105524,137],{"class":98},[84,105526,7129],{"class":140},[84,105528,137],{"class":98},[84,105530,3711],{"class":185},[84,105532,4697],{"class":189},[84,105534,3711],{"class":185},[84,105536,169],{"class":98},[84,105538,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105540,156],{"class":133},[84,105542,137],{"class":98},[84,105544,7129],{"class":140},[84,105546,137],{"class":98},[84,105548,60815],{"class":133},[84,105550,137],{"class":98},[84,105552,217],{"class":102},[84,105554,3771],{"class":98},[20,105556,30871],{},[75,105558,105560],{"className":77,"code":105559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105561,105562,105578,105590,105626],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105563,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105565,10118],{"class":98},[84,105567,103],{"class":102},[84,105569,106],{"class":98},[84,105571,109],{"class":102},[84,105573,106],{"class":98},[84,105575,114],{"class":102},[84,105577,10149],{"class":98},[84,105579,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105581,10118],{"class":98},[84,105583,437],{"class":102},[84,105585,106],{"class":98},[84,105587,442],{"class":102},[84,105589,10149],{"class":98},[84,105591,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105593,10118],{"class":98},[84,105595,186],{"class":185},[84,105597,61255],{"class":189},[84,105599,186],{"class":185},[84,105601,106],{"class":98},[84,105603,196],{"class":185},[84,105605,61264],{"class":189},[84,105607,186],{"class":185},[84,105609,106],{"class":98},[84,105611,196],{"class":185},[84,105613,61273],{"class":189},[84,105615,186],{"class":185},[84,105617,106],{"class":98},[84,105619,196],{"class":185},[84,105621,61290],{"class":189},[84,105623,186],{"class":185},[84,105625,10149],{"class":98},[84,105627,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105629,10118],{"class":98},[84,105631,2983],{"class":102},[84,105633,106],{"class":98},[84,105635,6341],{"class":102},[84,105637,106],{"class":98},[84,105639,109],{"class":102},[84,105641,106],{"class":98},[84,105643,114],{"class":102},[84,105645,10149],{"class":98},[20,105647,105648,105649,307],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[303,105650,105651],{"href":588},"Python list() function explained",[70,105653,105655],{"id":105654},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105657,98881],{},[75,105659,105660],{"className":77,"code":99846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105661,105662,105672,105682],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105663,105664,105666,105668,105670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105665,98891],{"class":90},[84,105667,95],{"class":94},[84,105669,16477],{"class":140},[84,105671,9482],{"class":98},[84,105673,105674,105676,105678,105680],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105675,156],{"class":133},[84,105677,137],{"class":98},[84,105679,98910],{"class":146},[84,105681,150],{"class":98},[84,105683,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105685,156],{"class":133},[84,105687,137],{"class":98},[84,105689,2624],{"class":140},[84,105691,137],{"class":98},[84,105693,98910],{"class":146},[84,105695,169],{"class":98},[20,105697,172],{},[75,105699,105700],{"className":77,"code":99889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105701,105702,105708],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105703,105704,105706],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105705,7129],{"class":140},[84,105707,9482],{"class":98},[84,105709,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105711,1251],{"class":94},[84,105713,4152],{"class":614},[84,105715,196],{"class":185},[84,105717,7129],{"class":189},[84,105719,186],{"class":185},[84,105721,1270],{"class":94},[20,105723,105724],{},"This is important because:",[30,105726,105727,105732],{},[33,105728,105729,105731],{},[15,105730,4649],{}," creates an empty set",[33,105733,105734,105736,105737,105739],{},[15,105735,4644],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[53,105738,55],{}," a set",[20,105741,814],{},[75,105743,105745],{"className":77,"code":105744,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105746,105747,105757,105765,105769,105783],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105748,105749,105751,105753,105755],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105750,3410],{"class":90},[84,105752,95],{"class":94},[84,105754,16477],{"class":140},[84,105756,9482],{"class":98},[84,105758,105759,105761,105763],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105760,3437],{"class":90},[84,105762,95],{"class":94},[84,105764,10679],{"class":98},[84,105766,105767],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105768,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,105770,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105772,156],{"class":133},[84,105774,137],{"class":98},[84,105776,2624],{"class":140},[84,105778,137],{"class":98},[84,105780,303],{"class":146},[84,105782,169],{"class":98},[84,105784,105785,105787,105789,105791,105793,105795],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,105786,156],{"class":133},[84,105788,137],{"class":98},[84,105790,2624],{"class":140},[84,105792,137],{"class":98},[84,105794,5608],{"class":146},[84,105796,169],{"class":98},[20,105798,172],{},[75,105800,105802],{"className":77,"code":105801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105803,105804,105818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105805,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105807,1251],{"class":94},[84,105809,4152],{"class":614},[84,105811,196],{"class":185},[84,105813,7129],{"class":189},[84,105815,186],{"class":185},[84,105817,1270],{"class":94},[84,105819,105820,105822,105824,105826,105828,105830],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105821,1251],{"class":94},[84,105823,4152],{"class":614},[84,105825,196],{"class":185},[84,105827,9661],{"class":189},[84,105829,186],{"class":185},[84,105831,1270],{"class":94},[20,105833,14893],{},[20,105835,105836,105837,307],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[303,105838,105093],{"href":96932},[70,105840,105842],{"id":105841},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[995,105844,105846],{"id":105845},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105848,105849,105850,307],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105851,4649],{},[75,105853,105855],{"className":77,"code":105854,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105856,105857,105889,105903,105907],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105858,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885,105887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105860,91],{"class":90},[84,105862,95],{"class":94},[84,105864,99],{"class":98},[84,105866,103],{"class":102},[84,105868,106],{"class":98},[84,105870,109],{"class":102},[84,105872,106],{"class":98},[84,105874,109],{"class":102},[84,105876,106],{"class":98},[84,105878,114],{"class":102},[84,105880,106],{"class":98},[84,105882,114],{"class":102},[84,105884,106],{"class":98},[84,105886,114],{"class":102},[84,105888,122],{"class":98},[84,105890,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105892,128],{"class":90},[84,105894,95],{"class":94},[84,105896,16477],{"class":140},[84,105898,137],{"class":98},[84,105900,535],{"class":146},[84,105902,150],{"class":98},[84,105904,105905],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105906,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,105908,105909,105911,105913,105915],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105910,156],{"class":133},[84,105912,137],{"class":98},[84,105914,166],{"class":146},[84,105916,150],{"class":98},[20,105918,172],{},[75,105920,105921],{"className":77,"code":97208,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,105922,105923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105924,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105926,10118],{"class":98},[84,105928,103],{"class":102},[84,105930,106],{"class":98},[84,105932,109],{"class":102},[84,105934,106],{"class":98},[84,105936,114],{"class":102},[84,105938,10149],{"class":98},[20,105940,105941,105942,307],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[303,105943,99679],{"href":105944},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[995,105946,105948],{"id":105947},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[75,105950,105952],{"className":77,"code":105951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105953,105954,105978,105992,105996],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,105955,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,105957,1777],{"class":90},[84,105959,95],{"class":94},[84,105961,10076],{"class":98},[84,105963,3000],{"class":102},[84,105965,106],{"class":98},[84,105967,5452],{"class":102},[84,105969,106],{"class":98},[84,105971,6847],{"class":102},[84,105973,106],{"class":98},[84,105975,38762],{"class":102},[84,105977,150],{"class":98},[84,105979,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,105981,128],{"class":90},[84,105983,95],{"class":94},[84,105985,16477],{"class":140},[84,105987,137],{"class":98},[84,105989,6201],{"class":146},[84,105991,150],{"class":98},[84,105993,105994],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,105995,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,105997,105998,106000,106002,106004],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,105999,156],{"class":133},[84,106001,137],{"class":98},[84,106003,166],{"class":146},[84,106005,150],{"class":98},[20,106007,172],{},[75,106009,106011],{"className":77,"code":106010,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,106012,106013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106014,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106016,10118],{"class":98},[84,106018,3000],{"class":102},[84,106020,106],{"class":98},[84,106022,6847],{"class":102},[84,106024,106],{"class":98},[84,106026,38762],{"class":102},[84,106028,10149],{"class":98},[995,106030,106032],{"id":106031},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,106034,51943,106035,106037],{},[15,106036,4649],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[75,106039,106041],{"className":77,"code":106040,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106042,106043,106055,106069,106073],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106046,35526],{"class":90},[84,106048,95],{"class":94},[84,106050,4211],{"class":185},[84,106052,4937],{"class":189},[84,106054,4217],{"class":185},[84,106056,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106058,128],{"class":90},[84,106060,95],{"class":94},[84,106062,16477],{"class":140},[84,106064,137],{"class":98},[84,106066,35547],{"class":146},[84,106068,150],{"class":98},[84,106070,106071],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,106072,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,106074,106075,106077,106079,106081],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,106076,156],{"class":133},[84,106078,137],{"class":98},[84,106080,166],{"class":146},[84,106082,150],{"class":98},[20,106084,30871],{},[75,106086,106088],{"className":77,"code":106087,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,106089,106090],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106091,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114,106116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106093,10118],{"class":98},[84,106095,186],{"class":185},[84,106097,5608],{"class":189},[84,106099,186],{"class":185},[84,106101,106],{"class":98},[84,106103,196],{"class":185},[84,106105,303],{"class":189},[84,106107,186],{"class":185},[84,106109,106],{"class":98},[84,106111,196],{"class":185},[84,106113,1967],{"class":189},[84,106115,186],{"class":185},[84,106117,10149],{"class":98},[20,106119,106120],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[995,106122,106124],{"id":106123},"from-range","From range()",[75,106126,106128],{"className":77,"code":106127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106129,106130,106148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106131,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106133,128],{"class":90},[84,106135,95],{"class":94},[84,106137,16477],{"class":140},[84,106139,137],{"class":98},[84,106141,60815],{"class":133},[84,106143,137],{"class":98},[84,106145,3000],{"class":102},[84,106147,169],{"class":98},[84,106149,106150,106152,106154,106156],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106151,156],{"class":133},[84,106153,137],{"class":98},[84,106155,166],{"class":146},[84,106157,150],{"class":98},[20,106159,172],{},[75,106161,106163],{"className":77,"code":106162,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106164,106165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106166,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106168,10118],{"class":98},[84,106170,2983],{"class":102},[84,106172,106],{"class":98},[84,106174,6341],{"class":102},[84,106176,106],{"class":98},[84,106178,109],{"class":102},[84,106180,106],{"class":98},[84,106182,114],{"class":102},[84,106184,106],{"class":98},[84,106186,119],{"class":102},[84,106188,10149],{"class":98},[70,106190,106192],{"id":106191},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106194,100126,106195,307],{},[53,106196,96972],{},[20,106198,106199],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106201,100132],{},[30,106203,106204,106208,106212,106216],{},[33,106205,106206],{},[15,106207,365],{},[33,106209,106210],{},[15,106211,141],{},[33,106213,106214],{},[15,106215,3052],{},[33,106217,106218,106220],{},[15,106219,49768],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106222,814],{},[75,106224,106226],{"className":77,"code":106225,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106227,106228,106259],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106229,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106231,8620],{"class":90},[84,106233,95],{"class":94},[84,106235,11332],{"class":98},[84,106237,103],{"class":102},[84,106239,106],{"class":98},[84,106241,4211],{"class":185},[84,106243,4697],{"class":189},[84,106245,3711],{"class":185},[84,106247,106],{"class":98},[84,106249,10076],{"class":98},[84,106251,437],{"class":102},[84,106253,106],{"class":98},[84,106255,442],{"class":102},[84,106257,106258],{"class":98},")}\n",[84,106260,106261,106263,106265,106267],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106262,156],{"class":133},[84,106264,137],{"class":98},[84,106266,8649],{"class":146},[84,106268,150],{"class":98},[20,106270,100194,106271,106273],{},[53,106272,55],{}," work inside a set:",[30,106275,106276,106280,106284],{},[33,106277,106278],{},[15,106279,161],{},[33,106281,106282],{},[15,106283,9661],{},[33,106285,106286],{},[15,106287,7129],{},[20,106289,97697],{},[75,106291,106293],{"className":77,"code":106292,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106294,106295],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106296,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106298,100213],{"class":90},[84,106300,95],{"class":94},[84,106302,100218],{"class":98},[84,106304,103],{"class":102},[84,106306,106],{"class":98},[84,106308,109],{"class":102},[84,106310,18903],{"class":98},[84,106312,99],{"class":98},[84,106314,208],{"class":102},[84,106316,106],{"class":98},[84,106318,119],{"class":102},[84,106320,14550],{"class":98},[20,106322,77671,106323,106325],{},[15,106324,3864],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106327,106328],{},"A safer example:",[75,106330,106332],{"className":77,"code":106331,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106333,106334,106362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106335,106336,106339,106341,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106337,106338],{"class":90},"good_set ",[84,106340,95],{"class":94},[84,106342,106343],{"class":98}," {(",[84,106345,103],{"class":102},[84,106347,106],{"class":98},[84,106349,109],{"class":102},[84,106351,10073],{"class":98},[84,106353,10076],{"class":98},[84,106355,208],{"class":102},[84,106357,106],{"class":98},[84,106359,119],{"class":102},[84,106361,106258],{"class":98},[84,106363,106364,106366,106368,106371],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106365,156],{"class":133},[84,106367,137],{"class":98},[84,106369,106370],{"class":146},"good_set",[84,106372,150],{"class":98},[20,106374,172],{},[75,106376,106378],{"className":77,"code":106377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106379,106380],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106381,106382,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106383,106384],{"class":98},"{(",[84,106386,103],{"class":102},[84,106388,106],{"class":98},[84,106390,109],{"class":102},[84,106392,10073],{"class":98},[84,106394,10076],{"class":98},[84,106396,208],{"class":102},[84,106398,106],{"class":98},[84,106400,119],{"class":102},[84,106402,106258],{"class":98},[70,106404,106406],{"id":106405},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106408,224,106409,11443],{},[15,106410,4649],{},[30,106412,106413,106416,106421,106424],{},[33,106414,106415],{},"you need unique values only",[33,106417,106418,106419],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106420,1434],{},[33,106422,106423],{},"order does not matter",[33,106425,106426],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106428,106429],{},"Example of membership checking:",[75,106431,106433],{"className":77,"code":106432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106434,106435,106460,106464,106480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106436,106437,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106453,106455,106458],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106438,106439],{"class":90},"allowed_ids ",[84,106441,95],{"class":94},[84,106443,16477],{"class":140},[84,106445,3845],{"class":98},[84,106447,47409],{"class":102},[84,106449,106],{"class":98},[84,106451,106452],{"class":102}," 102",[84,106454,106],{"class":98},[84,106456,106457],{"class":102}," 103",[84,106459,4737],{"class":98},[84,106461,106462],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106463,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,106465,106466,106468,106470,106473,106475,106478],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,106467,156],{"class":133},[84,106469,137],{"class":98},[84,106471,106472],{"class":102},"102",[84,106474,22016],{"class":633},[84,106476,106477],{"class":146}," allowed_ids",[84,106479,150],{"class":98},[84,106481,106482,106484,106486,106489,106491,106493],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,106483,156],{"class":133},[84,106485,137],{"class":98},[84,106487,106488],{"class":102},"999",[84,106490,22016],{"class":633},[84,106492,106477],{"class":146},[84,106494,150],{"class":98},[20,106496,172],{},[75,106498,106499],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106500,106501,106505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106502,106503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106504,4828],{"class":4704},[84,106506,106507],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106508,4889],{"class":4704},[20,106510,106511],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[70,106513,106515],{"id":106514},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106517,106518],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[995,106520,224,106522,98823],{"id":106521},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106523,4649],{},[75,106525,106526],{"className":77,"code":98884,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106527,106528,106538],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106529,106530,106532,106534,106536],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106531,98891],{"class":90},[84,106533,95],{"class":94},[84,106535,16477],{"class":140},[84,106537,9482],{"class":98},[84,106539,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106541,156],{"class":133},[84,106543,137],{"class":98},[84,106545,2624],{"class":140},[84,106547,137],{"class":98},[84,106549,98910],{"class":146},[84,106551,169],{"class":98},[20,106553,172],{},[75,106555,106556],{"className":77,"code":9692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106557,106558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106561,1251],{"class":94},[84,106563,4152],{"class":614},[84,106565,196],{"class":185},[84,106567,7129],{"class":189},[84,106569,186],{"class":185},[84,106571,1270],{"class":94},[995,106573,224,106575,106577],{"id":106574},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106576,100883],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[75,106579,106581],{"className":77,"code":106580,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106582,106583,106603],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106584,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106586,91],{"class":90},[84,106588,95],{"class":94},[84,106590,11332],{"class":98},[84,106592,103],{"class":102},[84,106594,106],{"class":98},[84,106596,109],{"class":102},[84,106598,106],{"class":98},[84,106600,114],{"class":102},[84,106602,10149],{"class":98},[84,106604,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106606,156],{"class":133},[84,106608,137],{"class":98},[84,106610,2624],{"class":140},[84,106612,137],{"class":98},[84,106614,535],{"class":146},[84,106616,169],{"class":98},[20,106618,172],{},[75,106620,106621],{"className":77,"code":9692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106622,106623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106624,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106626,1251],{"class":94},[84,106628,4152],{"class":614},[84,106630,196],{"class":185},[84,106632,7129],{"class":189},[84,106634,186],{"class":185},[84,106636,1270],{"class":94},[995,106638,224,106640,106642],{"id":106639},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106641,4644],{}," for an empty dictionary",[75,106644,106646],{"className":77,"code":106645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106647,106648,106657],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106649,106650,106653,106655],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106651,106652],{"class":90},"empty_dict ",[84,106654,95],{"class":94},[84,106656,10679],{"class":98},[84,106658,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106670],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106660,156],{"class":133},[84,106662,137],{"class":98},[84,106664,2624],{"class":140},[84,106666,137],{"class":98},[84,106668,106669],{"class":146},"empty_dict",[84,106671,169],{"class":98},[20,106673,172],{},[75,106675,106676],{"className":77,"code":9648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106677,106678],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106679,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106681,1251],{"class":94},[84,106683,4152],{"class":614},[84,106685,196],{"class":185},[84,106687,9661],{"class":189},[84,106689,186],{"class":185},[84,106691,1270],{"class":94},[20,106693,106694],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,106696,106697,106702,106707],{},[33,106698,106699,106701],{},[15,106700,4649],{}," → empty set",[33,106703,106704,106706],{},[15,106705,100883],{}," → non-empty set",[33,106708,106709,106711],{},[15,106710,4644],{}," → empty dictionary",[70,106713,3686],{"id":3685},[20,106715,106716,106717,307],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106718,4649],{},[995,106720,595,106721,100481],{"id":100478},[15,106722,4644],{},[20,106724,106725],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[75,106727,106728],{"className":77,"code":100487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,106729,106730,106738],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106731,106732,106734,106736],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106733,3304],{"class":90},[84,106735,95],{"class":94},[84,106737,10679],{"class":98},[84,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106741,156],{"class":133},[84,106743,137],{"class":98},[84,106745,2624],{"class":140},[84,106747,137],{"class":98},[84,106749,3329],{"class":146},[84,106751,169],{"class":98},[995,106753,106755,106756],{"id":106754},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106757,106758],{},"set(5)",[20,106760,106761,106763],{},[15,106762,4649],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[75,106765,106767],{"className":77,"code":106766,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set(5)\n",[15,106768,106769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106770,106771,106773,106775,106777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106772,7129],{"class":140},[84,106774,137],{"class":98},[84,106776,3000],{"class":102},[84,106778,150],{"class":98},[20,106780,3861,106781,106783,106784,307],{},[15,106782,3864],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[303,106785,106787],{"href":106786},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[995,106789,106791],{"id":106790},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106793,106794],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[75,106796,106798],{"className":77,"code":106797,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106799,106800],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106803,3304],{"class":90},[84,106805,95],{"class":94},[84,106807,100218],{"class":98},[84,106809,103],{"class":102},[84,106811,106],{"class":98},[84,106813,109],{"class":102},[84,106815,18903],{"class":98},[84,106817,99],{"class":98},[84,106819,208],{"class":102},[84,106821,106],{"class":98},[84,106823,119],{"class":102},[84,106825,14550],{"class":98},[995,106827,9291,106829,106831],{"id":106828},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106830,4649],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106833,106834],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[995,106836,38041,106838,9544,106840,3736,106842],{"id":106837},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106839,4649],{},[15,106841,68],{},[15,106843,9959],{},[20,106845,106846],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[70,106848,61527],{"id":61526},[20,106850,11956],{},[75,106852,106854],{"className":77,"code":106853,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106855,106856,106871,106881,106895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106857,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106869],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106859,156],{"class":133},[84,106861,137],{"class":98},[84,106863,2624],{"class":140},[84,106865,137],{"class":98},[84,106867,106868],{"class":146},"my_value",[84,106870,169],{"class":98},[84,106872,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,106874,156],{"class":133},[84,106876,137],{"class":98},[84,106878,106868],{"class":146},[84,106880,150],{"class":98},[84,106882,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,106884,156],{"class":133},[84,106886,137],{"class":98},[84,106888,161],{"class":140},[84,106890,137],{"class":98},[84,106892,16510],{"class":146},[84,106894,169],{"class":98},[84,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,106898,156],{"class":133},[84,106900,137],{"class":98},[84,106902,12005],{"class":133},[84,106904,137],{"class":98},[84,106906,16510],{"class":146},[84,106908,169],{"class":98},[20,106910,106911],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106913,106914,106920,106925,106931],{},[33,106915,106916,106919],{},[15,106917,106918],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106921,106922,91147],{},[15,106923,106924],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106926,106927,106930],{},[15,106928,106929],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106932,106933,106936],{},[15,106934,106935],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[70,106938,2694],{"id":2693},[995,106940,106942],{"id":106941},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106944,106945],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[995,106947,106949],{"id":106948},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106951,224,106952,106954,106955,106957],{},[15,106953,4649],{},". Do not use ",[15,106956,4644],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[995,106959,106961],{"id":106960},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106963,106964],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[995,106966,106968],{"id":106967},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106970,106971],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106973,814],{},[75,106975,106977],{"className":77,"code":106976,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106978,106979],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,106980,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,106982,156],{"class":133},[84,106984,137],{"class":98},[84,106986,7129],{"class":140},[84,106988,137],{"class":98},[84,106990,3711],{"class":185},[84,106992,4928],{"class":189},[84,106994,3711],{"class":185},[84,106996,169],{"class":98},[20,106998,30871],{},[75,107000,107002],{"className":77,"code":107001,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,107003,107004],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107005,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107007,10118],{"class":98},[84,107009,186],{"class":185},[84,107011,303],{"class":189},[84,107013,186],{"class":185},[84,107015,106],{"class":98},[84,107017,196],{"class":185},[84,107019,20],{"class":189},[84,107021,186],{"class":185},[84,107023,106],{"class":98},[84,107025,196],{"class":185},[84,107027,61273],{"class":189},[84,107029,186],{"class":185},[84,107031,106],{"class":98},[84,107033,196],{"class":185},[84,107035,61264],{"class":189},[84,107037,186],{"class":185},[84,107039,10149],{"class":98},[995,107041,6003,107043,107046],{"id":107042},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,107044,107045],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,107048,107049,29526,107051,107054],{},[15,107050,4649],{},[53,107052,107053],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,107056,107057],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[75,107059,107061],{"className":77,"code":107060,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,107062,107063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107064,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107066,156],{"class":133},[84,107068,137],{"class":98},[84,107070,7129],{"class":140},[84,107072,3845],{"class":98},[84,107074,103],{"class":102},[84,107076,106],{"class":98},[84,107078,109],{"class":102},[84,107080,106],{"class":98},[84,107082,114],{"class":102},[84,107084,106],{"class":98},[84,107086,119],{"class":102},[84,107088,3858],{"class":98},[70,107090,2751],{"id":2750},[30,107092,107093,107097,107101,107105,107109],{},[33,107094,107095],{},[303,107096,96929],{"href":96928},[33,107098,107099],{},[303,107100,105093],{"href":96932},[33,107102,107103],{},[303,107104,100945],{"href":105944},[33,107106,107107],{},[303,107108,105651],{"href":588},[33,107110,107111],{},[303,107112,106787],{"href":106786},[2785,107114,107115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":107117},[107118,107119,107120,107121,107122,107128,107129,107130,107138,107148,107149,107157],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":105269,"depth":125,"text":105270},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":105654,"depth":125,"text":105655},{"id":105841,"depth":125,"text":105842,"children":107123},[107124,107125,107126,107127],{"id":105845,"depth":153,"text":105846},{"id":105947,"depth":153,"text":105948},{"id":106031,"depth":153,"text":106032},{"id":106123,"depth":153,"text":106124},{"id":106191,"depth":125,"text":106192},{"id":106405,"depth":125,"text":106406},{"id":106514,"depth":125,"text":106515,"children":107131},[107132,107134,107136],{"id":106521,"depth":153,"text":107133},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106574,"depth":153,"text":107135},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106639,"depth":153,"text":107137},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":107139},[107140,107141,107143,107144,107146],{"id":100478,"depth":153,"text":100986},{"id":106754,"depth":153,"text":107142},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106790,"depth":153,"text":106791},{"id":106828,"depth":153,"text":107145},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106837,"depth":153,"text":107147},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61526,"depth":125,"text":61527},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":107150},[107151,107152,107153,107154,107155],{"id":106941,"depth":153,"text":106942},{"id":106948,"depth":153,"text":106949},{"id":106960,"depth":153,"text":106961},{"id":106967,"depth":153,"text":106968},{"id":107042,"depth":153,"text":107156},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105151,"description":107158},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107165,"title":107166,"body":107167,"description":108682,"extension":2830,"meta":108683,"navigation":472,"path":108684,"seo":108685,"stem":108686,"__hash__":108687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107168,"toc":108658},[107169,107175,107180,107183,107266,107271,107276,107281,107283,107296,107300,107302,107321,107324,107347,107350,107361,107363,107444,107446,107463,107465,107471,107474,107569,107571,107602,107604,107612,107614,107617,107728,107730,107755,107757,107779,107784,107789,107795,107904,107906,107922,107925,107928,108011,108013,108030,108038,108040,108044,108050,108141,108143,108176,108181,108188,108265,108267,108284,108290,108292,108296,108312,108315,108341,108343,108404,108406,108529,108531,108582,108588,108590,108595,108597,108603,108606,108610,108613,108617,108620,108630,108632,108655],[10,107170,13,107172,12166],{"id":107171},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107173,107174],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107176,2847,107177,107179],{},[15,107178,107174],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107181,107182],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[75,107184,107186],{"className":77,"code":107185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107187,107188,107208,107228,107232,107251,107261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107189,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107191,3410],{"class":90},[84,107193,95],{"class":94},[84,107195,11332],{"class":98},[84,107197,103],{"class":102},[84,107199,106],{"class":98},[84,107201,109],{"class":102},[84,107203,106],{"class":98},[84,107205,114],{"class":102},[84,107207,10149],{"class":98},[84,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107211,3437],{"class":90},[84,107213,95],{"class":94},[84,107215,11332],{"class":98},[84,107217,199],{"class":102},[84,107219,106],{"class":98},[84,107221,114],{"class":102},[84,107223,106],{"class":98},[84,107225,119],{"class":102},[84,107227,10149],{"class":98},[84,107229,107230],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107231,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107245,107247,107249],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,107235,128],{"class":90},[84,107237,95],{"class":94},[84,107239,57703],{"class":90},[84,107241,307],{"class":98},[84,107243,107244],{"class":146},"intersection",[84,107246,137],{"class":98},[84,107248,5608],{"class":146},[84,107250,150],{"class":98},[84,107252,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,107254,156],{"class":133},[84,107256,137],{"class":98},[84,107258,166],{"class":146},[84,107260,150],{"class":98},[84,107262,107263],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,107264,107265],{"class":4517},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107267,224,107268,107270],{},[15,107269,103392],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[70,107272,13839,107274,13842],{"id":107273},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107275,103392],{},[20,107277,107278,107280],{},[15,107279,103392],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107282,13895],{},[30,107284,107285,107288,107290,107293],{},[33,107286,107287],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,107289,101162],{},[33,107291,107292],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,107294,107295],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107297,96925,107298,307],{},[303,107299,96929],{"href":96928},[70,107301,311],{"id":310},[75,107303,107305],{"className":77,"code":107304,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107306,107307],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107308,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107310,101186],{"class":90},[84,107312,307],{"class":98},[84,107314,107244],{"class":146},[84,107316,137],{"class":98},[84,107318,101195],{"class":146},[84,107320,150],{"class":98},[20,107322,107323],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[75,107325,107327],{"className":77,"code":107326,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107328,107329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107330,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107332,101186],{"class":90},[84,107334,307],{"class":98},[84,107336,107244],{"class":146},[84,107338,137],{"class":98},[84,107340,101195],{"class":146},[84,107342,106],{"class":98},[84,107344,101222],{"class":146},[84,107346,150],{"class":98},[20,107348,107349],{},"Important notes:",[30,107351,107352,107355,107358],{},[33,107353,107354],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,107356,107357],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,107359,107360],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107362,814],{},[75,107364,107366],{"className":77,"code":107365,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107367,107368,107392,107412,107416,107434],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107369,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107371,3410],{"class":90},[84,107373,95],{"class":94},[84,107375,11332],{"class":98},[84,107377,103],{"class":102},[84,107379,106],{"class":98},[84,107381,109],{"class":102},[84,107383,106],{"class":98},[84,107385,114],{"class":102},[84,107387,106],{"class":98},[84,107389,119],{"class":102},[84,107391,10149],{"class":98},[84,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107395,3437],{"class":90},[84,107397,95],{"class":94},[84,107399,11332],{"class":98},[84,107401,208],{"class":102},[84,107403,106],{"class":98},[84,107405,119],{"class":102},[84,107407,106],{"class":98},[84,107409,5452],{"class":102},[84,107411,10149],{"class":98},[84,107413,107414],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107415,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107417,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,107419,128],{"class":90},[84,107421,95],{"class":94},[84,107423,57703],{"class":90},[84,107425,307],{"class":98},[84,107427,107244],{"class":146},[84,107429,137],{"class":98},[84,107431,5608],{"class":146},[84,107433,150],{"class":98},[84,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,107437,156],{"class":133},[84,107439,137],{"class":98},[84,107441,166],{"class":146},[84,107443,150],{"class":98},[20,107445,172],{},[75,107447,107449],{"className":77,"code":107448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107450,107451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107452,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107454,10118],{"class":98},[84,107456,208],{"class":102},[84,107458,106],{"class":98},[84,107460,119],{"class":102},[84,107462,10149],{"class":98},[70,107464,18259],{"id":18258},[20,107466,107467,22818,107469,307],{},[15,107468,103392],{},[53,107470,7129],{},[20,107472,107473],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[75,107475,107477],{"className":77,"code":107476,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107478,107479,107499,107519,107523,107541,107545,107555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107480,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107482,3410],{"class":90},[84,107484,95],{"class":94},[84,107486,11332],{"class":98},[84,107488,103],{"class":102},[84,107490,106],{"class":98},[84,107492,109],{"class":102},[84,107494,106],{"class":98},[84,107496,114],{"class":102},[84,107498,10149],{"class":98},[84,107500,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107502,3437],{"class":90},[84,107504,95],{"class":94},[84,107506,11332],{"class":98},[84,107508,199],{"class":102},[84,107510,106],{"class":98},[84,107512,114],{"class":102},[84,107514,106],{"class":98},[84,107516,119],{"class":102},[84,107518,10149],{"class":98},[84,107520,107521],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107522,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107524,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,107526,128],{"class":90},[84,107528,95],{"class":94},[84,107530,57703],{"class":90},[84,107532,307],{"class":98},[84,107534,107244],{"class":146},[84,107536,137],{"class":98},[84,107538,5608],{"class":146},[84,107540,150],{"class":98},[84,107542,107543],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,107544,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107546,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,107548,156],{"class":133},[84,107550,137],{"class":98},[84,107552,166],{"class":146},[84,107554,150],{"class":98},[84,107556,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,107558,156],{"class":133},[84,107560,137],{"class":98},[84,107562,2624],{"class":140},[84,107564,137],{"class":98},[84,107566,166],{"class":146},[84,107568,169],{"class":98},[20,107570,172],{},[75,107572,107574],{"className":77,"code":107573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107575,107576,107588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107579,10118],{"class":98},[84,107581,199],{"class":102},[84,107583,106],{"class":98},[84,107585,114],{"class":102},[84,107587,10149],{"class":98},[84,107589,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107591,1251],{"class":94},[84,107593,4152],{"class":614},[84,107595,196],{"class":185},[84,107597,7129],{"class":189},[84,107599,186],{"class":185},[84,107601,1270],{"class":94},[20,107603,86410],{},[30,107605,107606,107609],{},[33,107607,107608],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,107610,107611],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[70,107613,418],{"id":417},[20,107615,107616],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[75,107618,107620],{"className":77,"code":107619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107621,107622,107655,107688,107692,107713,107717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107623,107624,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107625,107626],{"class":90},"colors1 ",[84,107628,95],{"class":94},[84,107630,11332],{"class":98},[84,107632,3711],{"class":185},[84,107634,13936],{"class":189},[84,107636,3711],{"class":185},[84,107638,106],{"class":98},[84,107640,4211],{"class":185},[84,107642,13953],{"class":189},[84,107644,3711],{"class":185},[84,107646,106],{"class":98},[84,107648,4211],{"class":185},[84,107650,18296],{"class":189},[84,107652,3711],{"class":185},[84,107654,10149],{"class":98},[84,107656,107657,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107658,107659],{"class":90},"colors2 ",[84,107661,95],{"class":94},[84,107663,11332],{"class":98},[84,107665,3711],{"class":185},[84,107667,18296],{"class":189},[84,107669,3711],{"class":185},[84,107671,106],{"class":98},[84,107673,4211],{"class":185},[84,107675,23367],{"class":189},[84,107677,3711],{"class":185},[84,107679,106],{"class":98},[84,107681,4211],{"class":185},[84,107683,13953],{"class":189},[84,107685,3711],{"class":185},[84,107687,10149],{"class":98},[84,107689,107690],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107691,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107693,107694,107697,107699,107702,107704,107706,107708,107711],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,107695,107696],{"class":90},"common_colors ",[84,107698,95],{"class":94},[84,107700,107701],{"class":90}," colors1",[84,107703,307],{"class":98},[84,107705,107244],{"class":146},[84,107707,137],{"class":98},[84,107709,107710],{"class":146},"colors2",[84,107712,150],{"class":98},[84,107714,107715],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,107716,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107718,107719,107721,107723,107726],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,107720,156],{"class":133},[84,107722,137],{"class":98},[84,107724,107725],{"class":146},"common_colors",[84,107727,150],{"class":98},[20,107729,172],{},[75,107731,107733],{"className":77,"code":107732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107734,107735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107736,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107738,10118],{"class":98},[84,107740,186],{"class":185},[84,107742,13953],{"class":189},[84,107744,186],{"class":185},[84,107746,106],{"class":98},[84,107748,196],{"class":185},[84,107750,18296],{"class":189},[84,107752,186],{"class":185},[84,107754,10149],{"class":98},[20,107756,528],{},[30,107758,107759,107765,107769,107774],{},[33,107760,107761,107764],{},[15,107762,107763],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,107766,107767,107764],{},[15,107768,107710],{},[33,107770,107771,107773],{},[15,107772,103392],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,107775,107776,107777],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107778,107725],{},[70,107780,595,107782,101759],{"id":107781},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107783,103392],{},[20,107785,107786,107787,307],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107788,103392],{},[20,107790,107791,107792,107794],{},"Only the values found in ",[53,107793,4568],{}," inputs will be kept.",[75,107796,107798],{"className":77,"code":107797,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107799,107800,107824,107848,107868,107872,107894],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107801,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107803,3410],{"class":90},[84,107805,95],{"class":94},[84,107807,11332],{"class":98},[84,107809,103],{"class":102},[84,107811,106],{"class":98},[84,107813,109],{"class":102},[84,107815,106],{"class":98},[84,107817,114],{"class":102},[84,107819,106],{"class":98},[84,107821,119],{"class":102},[84,107823,10149],{"class":98},[84,107825,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107827,3437],{"class":90},[84,107829,95],{"class":94},[84,107831,11332],{"class":98},[84,107833,199],{"class":102},[84,107835,106],{"class":98},[84,107837,114],{"class":102},[84,107839,106],{"class":98},[84,107841,119],{"class":102},[84,107843,106],{"class":98},[84,107845,5452],{"class":102},[84,107847,10149],{"class":98},[84,107849,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107851,83784],{"class":90},[84,107853,95],{"class":94},[84,107855,11332],{"class":98},[84,107857,208],{"class":102},[84,107859,106],{"class":98},[84,107861,119],{"class":102},[84,107863,106],{"class":98},[84,107865,733],{"class":102},[84,107867,10149],{"class":98},[84,107869,107870],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,107871,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107873,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890,107892],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,107875,128],{"class":90},[84,107877,95],{"class":94},[84,107879,57703],{"class":90},[84,107881,307],{"class":98},[84,107883,107244],{"class":146},[84,107885,137],{"class":98},[84,107887,5608],{"class":146},[84,107889,106],{"class":98},[84,107891,10522],{"class":146},[84,107893,150],{"class":98},[84,107895,107896,107898,107900,107902],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,107897,156],{"class":133},[84,107899,137],{"class":98},[84,107901,166],{"class":146},[84,107903,150],{"class":98},[20,107905,172],{},[75,107907,107908],{"className":77,"code":107448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,107909,107910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107913,10118],{"class":98},[84,107915,208],{"class":102},[84,107917,106],{"class":98},[84,107919,119],{"class":102},[84,107921,10149],{"class":98},[20,107923,107924],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107926,107927],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[75,107929,107931],{"className":77,"code":107930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107932,107933,107957,107961,108001],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,107936,3410],{"class":90},[84,107938,95],{"class":94},[84,107940,11332],{"class":98},[84,107942,103],{"class":102},[84,107944,106],{"class":98},[84,107946,109],{"class":102},[84,107948,106],{"class":98},[84,107950,114],{"class":102},[84,107952,106],{"class":98},[84,107954,119],{"class":102},[84,107956,10149],{"class":98},[84,107958,107959],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,107960,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,107964,128],{"class":90},[84,107966,95],{"class":94},[84,107968,57703],{"class":90},[84,107970,307],{"class":98},[84,107972,107244],{"class":146},[84,107974,3845],{"class":98},[84,107976,199],{"class":102},[84,107978,106],{"class":98},[84,107980,119],{"class":102},[84,107982,106],{"class":98},[84,107984,733],{"class":102},[84,107986,18903],{"class":98},[84,107988,10076],{"class":98},[84,107990,103],{"class":102},[84,107992,106],{"class":98},[84,107994,109],{"class":102},[84,107996,106],{"class":98},[84,107998,119],{"class":102},[84,108000,169],{"class":98},[84,108002,108003,108005,108007,108009],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108004,156],{"class":133},[84,108006,137],{"class":98},[84,108008,166],{"class":146},[84,108010,150],{"class":98},[20,108012,172],{},[75,108014,108016],{"className":77,"code":108015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 4}\n",[15,108017,108018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108019,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108021,10118],{"class":98},[84,108023,199],{"class":102},[84,108025,106],{"class":98},[84,108027,119],{"class":102},[84,108029,10149],{"class":98},[70,108031,108033,11427,108035],{"id":108032},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,108034,103392],{},[15,108036,108037],{},"intersection_update()",[20,108039,101929],{},[995,108041,108042],{"id":107244},[15,108043,103392],{},[30,108045,108046,108048],{},[33,108047,101938],{},[33,108049,101941],{},[75,108051,108053],{"className":77,"code":108052,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,108054,108055,108075,108095,108099,108117,108121,108131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108058,3410],{"class":90},[84,108060,95],{"class":94},[84,108062,11332],{"class":98},[84,108064,103],{"class":102},[84,108066,106],{"class":98},[84,108068,109],{"class":102},[84,108070,106],{"class":98},[84,108072,114],{"class":102},[84,108074,10149],{"class":98},[84,108076,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108078,3437],{"class":90},[84,108080,95],{"class":94},[84,108082,11332],{"class":98},[84,108084,199],{"class":102},[84,108086,106],{"class":98},[84,108088,114],{"class":102},[84,108090,106],{"class":98},[84,108092,119],{"class":102},[84,108094,10149],{"class":98},[84,108096,108097],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108098,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108100,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108102,128],{"class":90},[84,108104,95],{"class":94},[84,108106,57703],{"class":90},[84,108108,307],{"class":98},[84,108110,107244],{"class":146},[84,108112,137],{"class":98},[84,108114,5608],{"class":146},[84,108116,150],{"class":98},[84,108118,108119],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,108120,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108122,108123,108125,108127,108129],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,108124,156],{"class":133},[84,108126,137],{"class":98},[84,108128,303],{"class":146},[84,108130,150],{"class":98},[84,108132,108133,108135,108137,108139],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,108134,156],{"class":133},[84,108136,137],{"class":98},[84,108138,166],{"class":146},[84,108140,150],{"class":98},[20,108142,172],{},[75,108144,108146],{"className":77,"code":108145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,108147,108148,108164],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108149,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108151,10118],{"class":98},[84,108153,103],{"class":102},[84,108155,106],{"class":98},[84,108157,109],{"class":102},[84,108159,106],{"class":98},[84,108161,114],{"class":102},[84,108163,10149],{"class":98},[84,108165,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108167,10118],{"class":98},[84,108169,199],{"class":102},[84,108171,106],{"class":98},[84,108173,114],{"class":102},[84,108175,10149],{"class":98},[995,108177,108179],{"id":108178},"intersection_update",[15,108180,108037],{},[30,108182,108183,108185],{},[33,108184,102081],{},[33,108186,108187],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[75,108189,108191],{"className":77,"code":108190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108192,108193,108213,108233,108237,108251,108255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108194,108195,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108196,3410],{"class":90},[84,108198,95],{"class":94},[84,108200,11332],{"class":98},[84,108202,103],{"class":102},[84,108204,106],{"class":98},[84,108206,109],{"class":102},[84,108208,106],{"class":98},[84,108210,114],{"class":102},[84,108212,10149],{"class":98},[84,108214,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108216,3437],{"class":90},[84,108218,95],{"class":94},[84,108220,11332],{"class":98},[84,108222,199],{"class":102},[84,108224,106],{"class":98},[84,108226,114],{"class":102},[84,108228,106],{"class":98},[84,108230,119],{"class":102},[84,108232,10149],{"class":98},[84,108234,108235],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108236,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108240,303],{"class":90},[84,108242,307],{"class":98},[84,108244,108178],{"class":146},[84,108246,137],{"class":98},[84,108248,5608],{"class":146},[84,108250,150],{"class":98},[84,108252,108253],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,108254,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108256,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,108258,156],{"class":133},[84,108260,137],{"class":98},[84,108262,303],{"class":146},[84,108264,150],{"class":98},[20,108266,172],{},[75,108268,108270],{"className":77,"code":108269,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108271,108272],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108273,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108275,10118],{"class":98},[84,108277,199],{"class":102},[84,108279,106],{"class":98},[84,108281,114],{"class":102},[84,108283,10149],{"class":98},[20,108285,108286,108287,108289],{},"Choose ",[15,108288,103392],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[70,108291,2058],{"id":2057},[20,108293,15577,108294,3743],{},[15,108295,103392],{},[30,108297,108298,108301,108304,108307],{},[33,108299,108300],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,108302,108303],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,108305,108306],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,108308,108309,108310],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108311,103392],{},[20,108313,108314],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,108316,108317,108322,108325,108338],{},[33,108318,595,108319,108321],{},[15,108320,103392],{}," when order matters",[33,108323,108324],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,108326,38041,108327,9544,108329,3736,108334],{},[15,108328,103392],{},[303,108330,108332],{"href":108331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108333,103400],{},[303,108335,108336],{"href":103441},[15,108337,101015],{},[33,108339,108340],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108342,30977],{},[75,108344,108346],{"className":77,"code":108345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108347,108348,108358,108372,108390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108349,108350,108352,108354,108356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108351,156],{"class":133},[84,108353,137],{"class":98},[84,108355,16510],{"class":146},[84,108357,150],{"class":98},[84,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108361,156],{"class":133},[84,108363,137],{"class":98},[84,108365,2624],{"class":140},[84,108367,137],{"class":98},[84,108369,166],{"class":146},[84,108371,169],{"class":98},[84,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108375,156],{"class":133},[84,108377,137],{"class":98},[84,108379,101186],{"class":146},[84,108381,307],{"class":98},[84,108383,107244],{"class":146},[84,108385,137],{"class":98},[84,108387,101195],{"class":146},[84,108389,169],{"class":98},[84,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108393,156],{"class":133},[84,108395,137],{"class":98},[84,108397,12005],{"class":133},[84,108399,137],{"class":98},[84,108401,166],{"class":146},[84,108403,169],{"class":98},[20,108405,814],{},[75,108407,108409],{"className":77,"code":108408,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108410,108411,108435,108455,108459,108477,108481,108491,108501,108515],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108412,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108414,91],{"class":90},[84,108416,95],{"class":94},[84,108418,11332],{"class":98},[84,108420,103],{"class":102},[84,108422,106],{"class":98},[84,108424,109],{"class":102},[84,108426,106],{"class":98},[84,108428,109],{"class":102},[84,108430,106],{"class":98},[84,108432,114],{"class":102},[84,108434,10149],{"class":98},[84,108436,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451,108453],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108438,44367],{"class":90},[84,108440,95],{"class":94},[84,108442,11332],{"class":98},[84,108444,199],{"class":102},[84,108446,106],{"class":98},[84,108448,114],{"class":102},[84,108450,106],{"class":98},[84,108452,119],{"class":102},[84,108454,10149],{"class":98},[84,108456,108457],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108458,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108460,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108462,128],{"class":90},[84,108464,95],{"class":94},[84,108466,147],{"class":90},[84,108468,307],{"class":98},[84,108470,107244],{"class":146},[84,108472,137],{"class":98},[84,108474,31584],{"class":146},[84,108476,150],{"class":98},[84,108478,108479],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,108480,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108482,108483,108485,108487,108489],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,108484,156],{"class":133},[84,108486,137],{"class":98},[84,108488,535],{"class":146},[84,108490,150],{"class":98},[84,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,108494,156],{"class":133},[84,108496,137],{"class":98},[84,108498,166],{"class":146},[84,108500,150],{"class":98},[84,108502,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,108504,156],{"class":133},[84,108506,137],{"class":98},[84,108508,2624],{"class":140},[84,108510,137],{"class":98},[84,108512,166],{"class":146},[84,108514,169],{"class":98},[84,108516,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,108518,156],{"class":133},[84,108520,137],{"class":98},[84,108522,12005],{"class":133},[84,108524,137],{"class":98},[84,108526,166],{"class":146},[84,108528,169],{"class":98},[20,108530,172],{},[75,108532,108534],{"className":77,"code":108533,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108535,108536,108552,108564,108578],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108537,108538,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108539,10118],{"class":98},[84,108541,103],{"class":102},[84,108543,106],{"class":98},[84,108545,109],{"class":102},[84,108547,106],{"class":98},[84,108549,114],{"class":102},[84,108551,10149],{"class":98},[84,108553,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108555,10118],{"class":98},[84,108557,199],{"class":102},[84,108559,106],{"class":98},[84,108561,114],{"class":102},[84,108563,10149],{"class":98},[84,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108567,1251],{"class":94},[84,108569,4152],{"class":614},[84,108571,196],{"class":185},[84,108573,7129],{"class":189},[84,108575,186],{"class":185},[84,108577,1270],{"class":94},[84,108579,108580],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108581,1469],{"class":102},[20,108583,108584,108585,108587],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108586,199],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[70,108589,2694],{"id":2693},[995,108591,2698,108593,103340],{"id":108592},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108594,103392],{},[20,108596,103343],{},[995,108598,2734,108600,108602],{"id":108599},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108601,103392],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108604,108605],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[995,108607,108609],{"id":108608},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108611,108612],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[995,108614,108616],{"id":108615},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108618,108619],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[75,108621,108622],{"className":77,"code":98059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,108623,108624],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108625,108626,108628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108627,7129],{"class":140},[84,108629,9482],{"class":98},[70,108631,2751],{"id":2750},[30,108633,108634,108638,108645,108651],{},[33,108635,108636],{},[303,108637,96929],{"href":96928},[33,108639,108640],{},[303,108641,13,108642,11583],{"href":108331},[15,108643,108644],{},"set.union()",[33,108646,108647],{},[303,108648,13,108649,11583],{"href":103441},[15,108650,101020],{},[33,108652,108653],{},[303,108654,100945],{"href":105944},[2785,108656,108657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":108659},[108660,108662,108663,108664,108665,108667,108672,108673,108681],{"id":107273,"depth":125,"text":108661},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":107781,"depth":125,"text":108666},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":108032,"depth":125,"text":108668,"children":108669},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108670,108671],{"id":107244,"depth":153,"text":103392},{"id":108178,"depth":153,"text":108037},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":108674},[108675,108677,108679,108680],{"id":108592,"depth":153,"text":108676},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108599,"depth":153,"text":108678},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108608,"depth":153,"text":108609},{"id":108615,"depth":153,"text":108616},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107166,"description":108682},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108689,"title":108690,"body":108691,"description":109927,"extension":2830,"meta":109928,"navigation":472,"path":109929,"seo":109930,"stem":109931,"__hash__":109932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108692,"toc":109894},[108693,108698,108704,108713,108715,108790,108795,108810,108820,108825,108829,108842,108846,108848,108863,108865,108881,108883,108958,108962,108965,108967,108984,108989,109044,109049,109061,109065,109068,109169,109171,109212,109215,109219,109226,109228,109253,109256,109274,109281,109287,109290,109372,109379,109382,109462,109471,109474,109479,109483,109497,109546,109551,109555,109566,109615,109626,109631,109635,109647,109696,109707,109709,109713,109736,109738,109795,109797,109811,109813,109819,109825,109831,109840,109844,109851,109855,109863,109865,109891],[10,108694,96801,108696,12166],{"id":108695},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108697,13605],{},[20,108699,108700,108703],{},[15,108701,108702],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108705,108706,108707,108709,108710,108712],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[53,108708,55],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108711,13605],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[70,108714,73],{"id":72},[75,108716,108718],{"className":77,"code":108717,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108719,108720,108752,108766,108770,108780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108721,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744,108746,108748,108750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108723,8620],{"class":90},[84,108725,95],{"class":94},[84,108727,11332],{"class":98},[84,108729,3711],{"class":185},[84,108731,4928],{"class":189},[84,108733,3711],{"class":185},[84,108735,106],{"class":98},[84,108737,4211],{"class":185},[84,108739,4937],{"class":189},[84,108741,3711],{"class":185},[84,108743,106],{"class":98},[84,108745,4211],{"class":185},[84,108747,4946],{"class":189},[84,108749,3711],{"class":185},[84,108751,10149],{"class":98},[84,108753,108754,108756,108758,108760,108762,108764],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108755,70748],{"class":90},[84,108757,95],{"class":94},[84,108759,6808],{"class":90},[84,108761,307],{"class":98},[84,108763,27081],{"class":146},[84,108765,9482],{"class":98},[84,108767,108768],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108769,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108773,156],{"class":133},[84,108775,137],{"class":98},[84,108777,70771],{"class":146},[84,108779,150],{"class":98},[84,108781,108782,108784,108786,108788],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,108783,156],{"class":133},[84,108785,137],{"class":98},[84,108787,8649],{"class":146},[84,108789,150],{"class":98},[20,108791,108792],{},[53,108793,108794],{},"What this does:",[30,108796,108797,108802,108807],{},[33,108798,108799,108800],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108801,8649],{},[33,108803,108804,108805],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108806,70771],{},[33,108808,108809],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108811,108812,89561,108814,108816,108817,108819],{},[53,108813,84419],{},[15,108815,108702],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[53,108818,55],{}," chosen by index.",[70,108821,235,108823,238],{"id":108822},"what-setpop-does",[15,108824,108702],{},[20,108826,108827,3743],{},[15,108828,108702],{},[30,108830,108831,108833,108836,108839],{},[33,108832,103643],{},[33,108834,108835],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108837,108838],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108840,108841],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108843,96925,108844,307],{},[303,108845,96929],{"href":98100},[70,108847,311],{"id":310},[75,108849,108851],{"className":77,"code":108850,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108852,108853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108854,108855,108857,108859,108861],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108856,16510],{"class":90},[84,108858,307],{"class":98},[84,108860,27081],{"class":146},[84,108862,9482],{"class":98},[20,108864,13895],{},[30,108866,108867,108873,108878],{},[33,108868,108869,108870],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108871,108872],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108874,108875,108876],{},"It takes ",[53,108877,29529],{},[33,108879,108880],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108882,814],{},[75,108884,108886],{"className":77,"code":108885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108887,108888,108920,108934,108938,108948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108889,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108891,13919],{"class":90},[84,108893,95],{"class":94},[84,108895,11332],{"class":98},[84,108897,3711],{"class":185},[84,108899,13936],{"class":189},[84,108901,3711],{"class":185},[84,108903,106],{"class":98},[84,108905,4211],{"class":185},[84,108907,13953],{"class":189},[84,108909,3711],{"class":185},[84,108911,106],{"class":98},[84,108913,4211],{"class":185},[84,108915,18296],{"class":189},[84,108917,3711],{"class":185},[84,108919,10149],{"class":98},[84,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,108923,29379],{"class":90},[84,108925,95],{"class":94},[84,108927,13967],{"class":90},[84,108929,307],{"class":98},[84,108931,27081],{"class":146},[84,108933,9482],{"class":98},[84,108935,108936],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,108937,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,108939,108940,108942,108944,108946],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,108941,156],{"class":133},[84,108943,137],{"class":98},[84,108945,1450],{"class":146},[84,108947,150],{"class":98},[84,108949,108950,108952,108954,108956],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,108951,156],{"class":133},[84,108953,137],{"class":98},[84,108955,18343],{"class":146},[84,108957,150],{"class":98},[70,108959,108961],{"id":108960},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108963,108964],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108966,2970],{},[30,108968,108969,108975,108978],{},[33,108970,108971,108972,108974],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108973,13605],{}," removes",[33,108976,108977],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108979,108980,108981,108983],{},"You should not use ",[15,108982,13605],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108985,11302,108986,108988],{},[53,108987,55],{}," valid:",[75,108990,108992],{"className":77,"code":108991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108993,108994,109026],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,108995,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,108997,37076],{"class":90},[84,108999,95],{"class":94},[84,109001,11332],{"class":98},[84,109003,3711],{"class":185},[84,109005,4928],{"class":189},[84,109007,3711],{"class":185},[84,109009,106],{"class":98},[84,109011,4211],{"class":185},[84,109013,4937],{"class":189},[84,109015,3711],{"class":185},[84,109017,106],{"class":98},[84,109019,4211],{"class":185},[84,109021,4946],{"class":189},[84,109023,3711],{"class":185},[84,109025,10149],{"class":98},[84,109027,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109029,37128],{"class":90},[84,109031,307],{"class":98},[84,109033,27081],{"class":146},[84,109035,137],{"class":98},[84,109037,3711],{"class":185},[84,109039,4928],{"class":189},[84,109041,3711],{"class":185},[84,109043,150],{"class":98},[20,109045,40477,109046,109048],{},[15,109047,108702],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,109050,109051,109052,3736,109056,307],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[303,109053,109054],{"href":98810},[15,109055,103469],{},[303,109057,109059],{"href":109058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,109060,103460],{},[70,109062,109064],{"id":109063},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,109066,109067],{},"Here is a simple example:",[75,109069,109071],{"className":77,"code":109070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,109072,109073,109107,109111,109127,109131,109150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109074,109075,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100,109103,109105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109076,109077],{"class":90},"animals ",[84,109079,95],{"class":94},[84,109081,11332],{"class":98},[84,109083,3711],{"class":185},[84,109085,37884],{"class":189},[84,109087,3711],{"class":185},[84,109089,106],{"class":98},[84,109091,4211],{"class":185},[84,109093,58943],{"class":189},[84,109095,3711],{"class":185},[84,109097,106],{"class":98},[84,109099,4211],{"class":185},[84,109101,109102],{"class":189},"rabbit",[84,109104,3711],{"class":185},[84,109106,10149],{"class":98},[84,109108,109109],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109110,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,109112,109113,109116,109118,109121,109123,109125],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109114,109115],{"class":90},"removed_animal ",[84,109117,95],{"class":94},[84,109119,109120],{"class":90}," animals",[84,109122,307],{"class":98},[84,109124,27081],{"class":146},[84,109126,9482],{"class":98},[84,109128,109129],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,109130,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109148],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,109134,156],{"class":133},[84,109136,137],{"class":98},[84,109138,3711],{"class":185},[84,109140,29797],{"class":189},[84,109142,3711],{"class":185},[84,109144,106],{"class":98},[84,109146,109147],{"class":146}," removed_animal",[84,109149,150],{"class":98},[84,109151,109152,109154,109156,109158,109161,109163,109165,109167],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,109153,156],{"class":133},[84,109155,137],{"class":98},[84,109157,3711],{"class":185},[84,109159,109160],{"class":189},"Updated set:",[84,109162,3711],{"class":185},[84,109164,106],{"class":98},[84,109166,109120],{"class":146},[84,109168,150],{"class":98},[20,109170,30871],{},[75,109172,109174],{"className":77,"code":109173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109175,109176,109185],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109177,109178,109180,109182],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109179,29839],{"class":90},[84,109181,3743],{"class":98},[84,109183,109184],{"class":90}," dog\n",[84,109186,109187,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109188,109189],{"class":90},"Updated ",[84,109191,7129],{"class":140},[84,109193,3743],{"class":98},[84,109195,11332],{"class":98},[84,109197,186],{"class":185},[84,109199,37884],{"class":189},[84,109201,186],{"class":185},[84,109203,106],{"class":98},[84,109205,196],{"class":185},[84,109207,109102],{"class":189},[84,109209,186],{"class":185},[84,109211,10149],{"class":98},[20,109213,109214],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[70,109216,109218],{"id":109217},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109220,30491,109221,109223,109224,307],{},[15,109222,13605],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109225,20529],{},[20,109227,814],{},[75,109229,109231],{"className":77,"code":109230,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109232,109233,109243],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109234,109235,109237,109239,109241],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109236,8620],{"class":90},[84,109238,95],{"class":94},[84,109240,16477],{"class":140},[84,109242,9482],{"class":98},[84,109244,109245,109247,109249,109251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109246,8649],{"class":90},[84,109248,307],{"class":98},[84,109250,27081],{"class":146},[84,109252,9482],{"class":98},[20,109254,109255],{},"This raises:",[75,109257,109259],{"className":77,"code":109258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109260,109261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109262,109263,109265,109267,109269,109272],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109264,20529],{"class":140},[84,109266,3743],{"class":98},[84,109268,196],{"class":185},[84,109270,109271],{"class":189},"pop from an empty set",[84,109273,30541],{"class":185},[20,109275,109276,109277,109280],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[303,109278,109279],{"href":11917},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[995,109282,109284,109285],{"id":109283},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109286,13605],{},[20,109288,109289],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[75,109291,109293],{"className":77,"code":109292,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109294,109295,109305,109309,109317,109332,109351,109357],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109296,109297,109299,109301,109303],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109298,8620],{"class":90},[84,109300,95],{"class":94},[84,109302,16477],{"class":140},[84,109304,9482],{"class":98},[84,109306,109307],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109308,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,109310,109311,109313,109315],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109312,7836],{"class":633},[84,109314,6808],{"class":90},[84,109316,1440],{"class":98},[84,109318,109319,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,109320,109321],{"class":90},"    removed ",[84,109323,95],{"class":94},[84,109325,6808],{"class":90},[84,109327,307],{"class":98},[84,109329,27081],{"class":146},[84,109331,9482],{"class":98},[84,109333,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109349],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,109335,1445],{"class":133},[84,109337,137],{"class":98},[84,109339,3711],{"class":185},[84,109341,29797],{"class":189},[84,109343,3711],{"class":185},[84,109345,106],{"class":98},[84,109347,109348],{"class":146}," removed",[84,109350,150],{"class":98},[84,109352,109353,109355],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,109354,28274],{"class":633},[84,109356,1440],{"class":98},[84,109358,109359,109361,109363,109365,109368,109370],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,109360,1445],{"class":133},[84,109362,137],{"class":98},[84,109364,3711],{"class":185},[84,109366,109367],{"class":189},"The set is empty.",[84,109369,3711],{"class":185},[84,109371,150],{"class":98},[995,109373,224,109375,5241,109377],{"id":109374},"use-try-and-except",[15,109376,30645],{},[15,109378,30676],{},[20,109380,109381],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[75,109383,109385],{"className":77,"code":109384,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109386,109387,109397,109401,109407,109421,109439,109447],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109388,109389,109391,109393,109395],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109390,8620],{"class":90},[84,109392,95],{"class":94},[84,109394,16477],{"class":140},[84,109396,9482],{"class":98},[84,109398,109399],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109400,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,109402,109403,109405],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109404,30645],{"class":633},[84,109406,1440],{"class":98},[84,109408,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,109410,109321],{"class":90},[84,109412,95],{"class":94},[84,109414,6808],{"class":90},[84,109416,307],{"class":98},[84,109418,27081],{"class":146},[84,109420,9482],{"class":98},[84,109422,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,109424,1445],{"class":133},[84,109426,137],{"class":98},[84,109428,3711],{"class":185},[84,109430,29797],{"class":189},[84,109432,3711],{"class":185},[84,109434,106],{"class":98},[84,109436,109348],{"class":146},[84,109438,150],{"class":98},[84,109440,109441,109443,109445],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,109442,30676],{"class":633},[84,109444,30679],{"class":140},[84,109446,1440],{"class":98},[84,109448,109449,109451,109453,109455,109458,109460],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,109450,1445],{"class":133},[84,109452,137],{"class":98},[84,109454,3711],{"class":185},[84,109456,109457],{"class":189},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[84,109459,3711],{"class":185},[84,109461,150],{"class":98},[70,109463,1741,109465,11427,109467,11427,109469],{"id":109464},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109466,13605],{},[15,109468,56344],{},[15,109470,103455],{},[20,109472,109473],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[995,109475,224,109477],{"id":109476},"use-pop",[15,109478,13605],{},[20,109480,224,109481,11443],{},[15,109482,13605],{},[30,109484,109485,109491,109494],{},[33,109486,109487,109488],{},"You want to remove ",[53,109489,109490],{},"any one item",[33,109492,109493],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,109495,109496],{},"You want the removed item returned",[75,109498,109500],{"className":77,"code":109499,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109501,109502,109522,109536],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109503,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109505,91],{"class":90},[84,109507,95],{"class":94},[84,109509,11332],{"class":98},[84,109511,103],{"class":102},[84,109513,106],{"class":98},[84,109515,109],{"class":102},[84,109517,106],{"class":98},[84,109519,114],{"class":102},[84,109521,10149],{"class":98},[84,109523,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109525,3304],{"class":90},[84,109527,95],{"class":94},[84,109529,147],{"class":90},[84,109531,307],{"class":98},[84,109533,27081],{"class":146},[84,109535,9482],{"class":98},[84,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109539,156],{"class":133},[84,109541,137],{"class":98},[84,109543,3329],{"class":146},[84,109545,150],{"class":98},[995,109547,224,109549],{"id":109548},"use-remove",[15,109550,56344],{},[20,109552,224,109553,11443],{},[15,109554,56344],{},[30,109556,109557,109563],{},[33,109558,109559,109560],{},"You want to delete a ",[53,109561,109562],{},"specific item",[33,109564,109565],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[75,109567,109569],{"className":77,"code":109568,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109570,109571,109591,109605],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109572,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109574,91],{"class":90},[84,109576,95],{"class":94},[84,109578,11332],{"class":98},[84,109580,103],{"class":102},[84,109582,106],{"class":98},[84,109584,109],{"class":102},[84,109586,106],{"class":98},[84,109588,114],{"class":102},[84,109590,10149],{"class":98},[84,109592,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109594,535],{"class":90},[84,109596,307],{"class":98},[84,109598,35633],{"class":146},[84,109600,137],{"class":98},[84,109602,199],{"class":102},[84,109604,150],{"class":98},[84,109606,109607,109609,109611,109613],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109608,156],{"class":133},[84,109610,137],{"class":98},[84,109612,535],{"class":146},[84,109614,150],{"class":98},[20,109616,109617,109618,109620,109621,109625],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109619,56344],{}," raises an error. See the ",[303,109622,109623,11583],{"href":98810},[15,109624,103469],{}," for details.",[995,109627,224,109629],{"id":109628},"use-discard",[15,109630,103455],{},[20,109632,224,109633,11443],{},[15,109634,103455],{},[30,109636,109637,109641],{},[33,109638,109559,109639],{},[53,109640,109562],{},[33,109642,109643,109644,109646],{},"You do ",[53,109645,55],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[75,109648,109650],{"className":77,"code":109649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109651,109652,109672,109686],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109653,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109655,91],{"class":90},[84,109657,95],{"class":94},[84,109659,11332],{"class":98},[84,109661,103],{"class":102},[84,109663,106],{"class":98},[84,109665,109],{"class":102},[84,109667,106],{"class":98},[84,109669,114],{"class":102},[84,109671,10149],{"class":98},[84,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109675,535],{"class":90},[84,109677,307],{"class":98},[84,109679,103522],{"class":146},[84,109681,137],{"class":98},[84,109683,3000],{"class":102},[84,109685,150],{"class":98},[84,109687,109688,109690,109692,109694],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109689,156],{"class":133},[84,109691,137],{"class":98},[84,109693,535],{"class":146},[84,109695,150],{"class":98},[20,109697,109698,109699,109701,109702,109706],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109700,3000],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[303,109703,109704,11583],{"href":109058},[15,109705,103460],{}," for more examples.",[70,109708,3686],{"id":3685},[20,109710,72294,109711,3743],{},[15,109712,108702],{},[30,109714,109715,109721,109726,109731],{},[33,109716,109717,109718],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109719,109720],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,109722,9291,109723,109725],{},[15,109724,13605],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,109727,30491,109728,109730],{},[15,109729,13605],{}," on an empty set",[33,109732,595,109733,109735],{},[15,109734,13605],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109737,63112],{},[75,109739,109741],{"className":77,"code":109740,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109742,109743,109753,109767,109781],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109744,109745,109747,109749,109751],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109746,156],{"class":133},[84,109748,137],{"class":98},[84,109750,16510],{"class":146},[84,109752,150],{"class":98},[84,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109756,156],{"class":133},[84,109758,137],{"class":98},[84,109760,12005],{"class":133},[84,109762,137],{"class":98},[84,109764,16510],{"class":146},[84,109766,169],{"class":98},[84,109768,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,109770,156],{"class":133},[84,109772,137],{"class":98},[84,109774,2624],{"class":140},[84,109776,137],{"class":98},[84,109778,16510],{"class":146},[84,109780,169],{"class":98},[84,109782,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,109784,29379],{"class":90},[84,109786,95],{"class":94},[84,109788,97525],{"class":90},[84,109790,307],{"class":98},[84,109792,27081],{"class":146},[84,109794,9482],{"class":98},[20,109796,26848],{},[30,109798,109799,109802,109805,109808],{},[33,109800,109801],{},"What values are in the set",[33,109803,109804],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,109806,109807],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,109809,109810],{},"What value was actually removed",[70,109812,2694],{"id":2693},[995,109814,2698,109816,109818],{"id":109815},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109817,108702],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109820,109821,109822,109824],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109823,13605],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[995,109826,109828,109829,3348],{"id":109827},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109830,108702],{},[20,109832,109833,109834,109836,109837,109839],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109835,13605],{},", set ",[15,109838,13605],{}," does not accept an index.",[995,109841,109843],{"id":109842},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109845,72463,109846,45447,109848,109850],{},[15,109847,20529],{},[15,109849,13605],{}," is called on an empty set.",[995,109852,109854],{"id":109853},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109856,224,109857,3736,109859,11935,109861,307],{},[15,109858,56344],{},[15,109860,103455],{},[15,109862,13605],{},[70,109864,2751],{"id":2750},[30,109866,109867,109871,109877,109883,109887],{},[33,109868,109869],{},[303,109870,96929],{"href":98100},[33,109872,109873],{},[303,109874,97415,109875,11583],{"href":98810},[15,109876,56344],{},[33,109878,109879],{},[303,109880,97415,109881,11583],{"href":109058},[15,109882,103455],{},[33,109884,109885],{},[303,109886,12106],{"href":11917},[33,109888,109889],{},[303,109890,56330],{"href":55883},[2785,109892,109893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":109895},[109896,109897,109899,109900,109901,109902,109908,109917,109918,109926],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":108822,"depth":125,"text":109898},"What set.pop() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":108960,"depth":125,"text":108961},{"id":109063,"depth":125,"text":109064},{"id":109217,"depth":125,"text":109218,"children":109903},[109904,109906],{"id":109283,"depth":153,"text":109905},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109374,"depth":153,"text":109907},"Use try and except",{"id":109464,"depth":125,"text":109909,"children":109910},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109911,109913,109915],{"id":109476,"depth":153,"text":109912},"Use pop()",{"id":109548,"depth":153,"text":109914},"Use remove()",{"id":109628,"depth":153,"text":109916},"Use discard()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":109919},[109920,109922,109924,109925],{"id":109815,"depth":153,"text":109921},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109827,"depth":153,"text":109923},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109842,"depth":153,"text":109843},{"id":109853,"depth":153,"text":109854},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108690,"description":109927},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109934,"title":109935,"body":109936,"description":111090,"extension":2830,"meta":111091,"navigation":472,"path":111092,"seo":111093,"stem":111094,"__hash__":111095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109937,"toc":111058},[109938,109943,109948,109957,109959,110024,110028,110052,110059,110064,110068,110083,110086,110088,110107,110121,110124,110172,110176,110192,110194,110267,110271,110296,110302,110310,110314,110321,110376,110381,110398,110404,110410,110415,110423,110430,110434,110442,110497,110499,110516,110520,110527,110592,110596,110629,110631,110643,110650,110652,110657,110664,110666,110735,110739,110747,110749,110813,110817,110822,110869,110874,110942,110950,110957,110960,110966,110971,110975,110977,110980,110982,110987,110992,110998,111003,111010,111018,111024,111027,111029,111055],[10,109939,96801,109941,12166],{"id":109940},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109942,56344],{},[20,109944,109945,109947],{},[15,109946,103469],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109949,109950,109951,109954,109955,307],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[53,109952,109953],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109956,20529],{},[70,109958,73],{"id":72},[75,109960,109962],{"className":77,"code":109961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109963,109964,109996,110014],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,109965,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,109967,13919],{"class":90},[84,109969,95],{"class":94},[84,109971,11332],{"class":98},[84,109973,3711],{"class":185},[84,109975,13936],{"class":189},[84,109977,3711],{"class":185},[84,109979,106],{"class":98},[84,109981,4211],{"class":185},[84,109983,13953],{"class":189},[84,109985,3711],{"class":185},[84,109987,106],{"class":98},[84,109989,4211],{"class":185},[84,109991,18296],{"class":189},[84,109993,3711],{"class":185},[84,109995,10149],{"class":98},[84,109997,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,109999,18343],{"class":90},[84,110001,307],{"class":98},[84,110003,35633],{"class":146},[84,110005,137],{"class":98},[84,110007,3711],{"class":185},[84,110009,13953],{"class":189},[84,110011,3711],{"class":185},[84,110013,150],{"class":98},[84,110015,110016,110018,110020,110022],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110017,156],{"class":133},[84,110019,137],{"class":98},[84,110021,18343],{"class":146},[84,110023,150],{"class":98},[20,110025,110026],{},[53,110027,30871],{},[75,110029,110030],{"className":77,"code":104149,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110031,110032],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110033,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110035,10118],{"class":98},[84,110037,186],{"class":185},[84,110039,13936],{"class":189},[84,110041,186],{"class":185},[84,110043,106],{"class":98},[84,110045,196],{"class":185},[84,110047,18296],{"class":189},[84,110049,186],{"class":185},[84,110051,10149],{"class":98},[20,110053,224,110054,110056,110057,307],{},[15,110055,56344],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,110058,20529],{},[70,110060,235,110062,238],{"id":110061},"what-setremove-does",[15,110063,103469],{},[20,110065,110066,3743],{},[15,110067,103469],{},[30,110069,110070,110073,110075,110077],{},[33,110071,110072],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,110074,96916],{},[33,110076,96919],{},[33,110078,110079,110080,110082],{},"Raises ",[15,110081,20529],{}," if the value is missing",[20,110084,110085],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[70,110087,311],{"id":310},[75,110089,110091],{"className":77,"code":110090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,110092,110093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110094,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110096,16510],{"class":90},[84,110098,307],{"class":98},[84,110100,35633],{"class":146},[84,110102,137],{"class":98},[84,110104,3329],{"class":146},[84,110106,150],{"class":98},[30,110108,110109,110113,110118],{},[33,110110,110111,103691],{},[15,110112,16510],{},[33,110114,110115,110117],{},[15,110116,3329],{}," is the item to remove",[33,110119,110120],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,110122,110123],{},"Here is a small example:",[75,110125,110126],{"className":77,"code":109568,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110127,110128,110148,110162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110129,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110131,91],{"class":90},[84,110133,95],{"class":94},[84,110135,11332],{"class":98},[84,110137,103],{"class":102},[84,110139,106],{"class":98},[84,110141,109],{"class":102},[84,110143,106],{"class":98},[84,110145,114],{"class":102},[84,110147,10149],{"class":98},[84,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110151,535],{"class":90},[84,110153,307],{"class":98},[84,110155,35633],{"class":146},[84,110157,137],{"class":98},[84,110159,199],{"class":102},[84,110161,150],{"class":98},[84,110163,110164,110166,110168,110170],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110165,156],{"class":133},[84,110167,137],{"class":98},[84,110169,535],{"class":146},[84,110171,150],{"class":98},[20,110173,110174],{},[53,110175,30871],{},[75,110177,110178],{"className":77,"code":101899,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110179,110180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110181,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110183,10118],{"class":98},[84,110185,103],{"class":102},[84,110187,106],{"class":98},[84,110189,114],{"class":102},[84,110191,10149],{"class":98},[70,110193,418],{"id":417},[75,110195,110197],{"className":77,"code":110196,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110198,110199,110231,110235,110253,110257],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110200,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110202,37076],{"class":90},[84,110204,95],{"class":94},[84,110206,11332],{"class":98},[84,110208,3711],{"class":185},[84,110210,4928],{"class":189},[84,110212,3711],{"class":185},[84,110214,106],{"class":98},[84,110216,4211],{"class":185},[84,110218,4937],{"class":189},[84,110220,3711],{"class":185},[84,110222,106],{"class":98},[84,110224,4211],{"class":185},[84,110226,34061],{"class":189},[84,110228,3711],{"class":185},[84,110230,10149],{"class":98},[84,110232,110233],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110234,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,110236,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110238,37128],{"class":90},[84,110240,307],{"class":98},[84,110242,35633],{"class":146},[84,110244,137],{"class":98},[84,110246,3711],{"class":185},[84,110248,4937],{"class":189},[84,110250,3711],{"class":185},[84,110252,150],{"class":98},[84,110254,110255],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,110256,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,110258,110259,110261,110263,110265],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,110260,156],{"class":133},[84,110262,137],{"class":98},[84,110264,37128],{"class":146},[84,110266,150],{"class":98},[20,110268,110269],{},[53,110270,30871],{},[75,110272,110274],{"className":77,"code":110273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110275,110276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110277,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110279,10118],{"class":98},[84,110281,186],{"class":185},[84,110283,4928],{"class":189},[84,110285,186],{"class":185},[84,110287,106],{"class":98},[84,110289,196],{"class":185},[84,110291,34061],{"class":189},[84,110293,186],{"class":185},[84,110295,10149],{"class":98},[20,110297,110298,110299,110301],{},"This removes ",[15,110300,66091],{}," from the set.",[20,110303,110304,110305,110307,110308,307],{},"A set does ",[53,110306,55],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[303,110309,96933],{"href":98484},[70,110311,110313],{"id":110312},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110315,110316,110317,53311,110319,307],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110318,56344],{},[15,110320,20529],{},[75,110322,110324],{"className":77,"code":110323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110325,110326,110358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354,110356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110329,13919],{"class":90},[84,110331,95],{"class":94},[84,110333,11332],{"class":98},[84,110335,3711],{"class":185},[84,110337,13936],{"class":189},[84,110339,3711],{"class":185},[84,110341,106],{"class":98},[84,110343,4211],{"class":185},[84,110345,13953],{"class":189},[84,110347,3711],{"class":185},[84,110349,106],{"class":98},[84,110351,4211],{"class":185},[84,110353,18296],{"class":189},[84,110355,3711],{"class":185},[84,110357,10149],{"class":98},[84,110359,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110361,18343],{"class":90},[84,110363,307],{"class":98},[84,110365,35633],{"class":146},[84,110367,137],{"class":98},[84,110369,3711],{"class":185},[84,110371,23367],{"class":189},[84,110373,3711],{"class":185},[84,110375,150],{"class":98},[20,110377,110378],{},[53,110379,110380],{},"Result:",[75,110382,110384],{"className":77,"code":110383,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110385,110386],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110387,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110389,20529],{"class":140},[84,110391,3743],{"class":98},[84,110393,196],{"class":185},[84,110395,23367],{"class":189},[84,110397,30541],{"class":185},[20,110399,23032,110400,110403],{},[15,110401,110402],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110405,110406,110407,110409],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110408,56344],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110411,110412,110413,307],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[303,110414,12106],{"href":11917},[70,110416,5048,110418,110420,110421],{"id":110417},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110419,56344],{}," is different from ",[15,110422,103455],{},[20,110424,110425,5241,110427,110429],{},[15,110426,56344],{},[15,110428,103455],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[995,110431,110432],{"id":35633},[15,110433,56344],{},[30,110435,110436,110439],{},[33,110437,110438],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,110440,110441],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[75,110443,110445],{"className":77,"code":110444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110446,110447,110479],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110448,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110450,36928],{"class":90},[84,110452,95],{"class":94},[84,110454,11332],{"class":98},[84,110456,3711],{"class":185},[84,110458,303],{"class":189},[84,110460,3711],{"class":185},[84,110462,106],{"class":98},[84,110464,4211],{"class":185},[84,110466,5608],{"class":189},[84,110468,3711],{"class":185},[84,110470,106],{"class":98},[84,110472,4211],{"class":185},[84,110474,10580],{"class":189},[84,110476,3711],{"class":185},[84,110478,10149],{"class":98},[84,110480,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110482,36981],{"class":90},[84,110484,307],{"class":98},[84,110486,35633],{"class":146},[84,110488,137],{"class":98},[84,110490,3711],{"class":185},[84,110492,19609],{"class":189},[84,110494,3711],{"class":185},[84,110496,150],{"class":98},[20,110498,109255],{},[75,110500,110502],{"className":77,"code":110501,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110503,110504],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110505,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110507,20529],{"class":140},[84,110509,3743],{"class":98},[84,110511,196],{"class":185},[84,110513,19609],{"class":189},[84,110515,30541],{"class":185},[995,110517,110518],{"id":103522},[15,110519,103455],{},[30,110521,110522,110524],{},[33,110523,110438],{},[33,110525,110526],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[75,110528,110530],{"className":77,"code":110529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110531,110532,110564,110582],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110533,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110535,36928],{"class":90},[84,110537,95],{"class":94},[84,110539,11332],{"class":98},[84,110541,3711],{"class":185},[84,110543,303],{"class":189},[84,110545,3711],{"class":185},[84,110547,106],{"class":98},[84,110549,4211],{"class":185},[84,110551,5608],{"class":189},[84,110553,3711],{"class":185},[84,110555,106],{"class":98},[84,110557,4211],{"class":185},[84,110559,10580],{"class":189},[84,110561,3711],{"class":185},[84,110563,10149],{"class":98},[84,110565,110566,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110567,36981],{"class":90},[84,110569,307],{"class":98},[84,110571,103522],{"class":146},[84,110573,137],{"class":98},[84,110575,3711],{"class":185},[84,110577,19609],{"class":189},[84,110579,3711],{"class":185},[84,110581,150],{"class":98},[84,110583,110584,110586,110588,110590],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110585,156],{"class":133},[84,110587,137],{"class":98},[84,110589,36981],{"class":146},[84,110591,150],{"class":98},[20,110593,110594],{},[53,110595,172],{},[75,110597,110599],{"className":77,"code":110598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110600,110601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110602,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110604,10118],{"class":98},[84,110606,186],{"class":185},[84,110608,303],{"class":189},[84,110610,186],{"class":185},[84,110612,106],{"class":98},[84,110614,196],{"class":185},[84,110616,5608],{"class":189},[84,110618,186],{"class":185},[84,110620,106],{"class":98},[84,110622,196],{"class":185},[84,110624,10580],{"class":189},[84,110626,186],{"class":185},[84,110628,10149],{"class":98},[20,110630,19536],{},[30,110632,110633,110638],{},[33,110634,110635,110637],{},[15,110636,56344],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,110639,110640,110642],{},[15,110641,103455],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110644,110645,110646,307],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[303,110647,97415,110648,11583],{"href":109058},[15,110649,103455],{},[70,110651,2058],{"id":2057},[995,110653,9291,110655,97795],{"id":110654},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110656,56344],{},[20,110658,110659,110661,110662,307],{},[15,110660,56344],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110663,4630],{},[20,110665,2155],{},[75,110667,110669],{"className":77,"code":110668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110670,110671,110703,110725],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110672,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110674,13919],{"class":90},[84,110676,95],{"class":94},[84,110678,11332],{"class":98},[84,110680,3711],{"class":185},[84,110682,13936],{"class":189},[84,110684,3711],{"class":185},[84,110686,106],{"class":98},[84,110688,4211],{"class":185},[84,110690,13953],{"class":189},[84,110692,3711],{"class":185},[84,110694,106],{"class":98},[84,110696,4211],{"class":185},[84,110698,18296],{"class":189},[84,110700,3711],{"class":185},[84,110702,10149],{"class":98},[84,110704,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110706,13962],{"class":90},[84,110708,95],{"class":94},[84,110710,13967],{"class":90},[84,110712,307],{"class":98},[84,110714,35633],{"class":146},[84,110716,137],{"class":98},[84,110718,3711],{"class":185},[84,110720,13953],{"class":189},[84,110722,3711],{"class":185},[84,110724,150],{"class":98},[84,110726,110727,110729,110731,110733],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110728,156],{"class":133},[84,110730,137],{"class":98},[84,110732,13986],{"class":146},[84,110734,150],{"class":98},[20,110736,110737],{},[53,110738,172],{},[75,110740,110741],{"className":77,"code":12651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110742,110743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110744,110745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110746,12651],{"class":4704},[20,110748,2211],{},[75,110750,110751],{"className":77,"code":109961,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,110752,110753,110785,110803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110754,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110756,13919],{"class":90},[84,110758,95],{"class":94},[84,110760,11332],{"class":98},[84,110762,3711],{"class":185},[84,110764,13936],{"class":189},[84,110766,3711],{"class":185},[84,110768,106],{"class":98},[84,110770,4211],{"class":185},[84,110772,13953],{"class":189},[84,110774,3711],{"class":185},[84,110776,106],{"class":98},[84,110778,4211],{"class":185},[84,110780,18296],{"class":189},[84,110782,3711],{"class":185},[84,110784,10149],{"class":98},[84,110786,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110788,18343],{"class":90},[84,110790,307],{"class":98},[84,110792,35633],{"class":146},[84,110794,137],{"class":98},[84,110796,3711],{"class":185},[84,110798,13953],{"class":189},[84,110800,3711],{"class":185},[84,110802,150],{"class":98},[84,110804,110805,110807,110809,110811],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110806,156],{"class":133},[84,110808,137],{"class":98},[84,110810,18343],{"class":146},[84,110812,150],{"class":98},[995,110814,110816],{"id":110815},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110818,110819,110820,307],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110821,20529],{},[75,110823,110825],{"className":77,"code":110824,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110826,110827,110851],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110828,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110830,13919],{"class":90},[84,110832,95],{"class":94},[84,110834,11332],{"class":98},[84,110836,3711],{"class":185},[84,110838,13936],{"class":189},[84,110840,3711],{"class":185},[84,110842,106],{"class":98},[84,110844,4211],{"class":185},[84,110846,13953],{"class":189},[84,110848,3711],{"class":185},[84,110850,10149],{"class":98},[84,110852,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110854,18343],{"class":90},[84,110856,307],{"class":98},[84,110858,35633],{"class":146},[84,110860,137],{"class":98},[84,110862,3711],{"class":185},[84,110864,18296],{"class":189},[84,110866,3711],{"class":185},[84,110868,150],{"class":98},[20,110870,110871,110872,3743],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110873,1434],{},[75,110875,110877],{"className":77,"code":110876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110878,110879,110903,110907,110923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,110882,13919],{"class":90},[84,110884,95],{"class":94},[84,110886,11332],{"class":98},[84,110888,3711],{"class":185},[84,110890,13936],{"class":189},[84,110892,3711],{"class":185},[84,110894,106],{"class":98},[84,110896,4211],{"class":185},[84,110898,13953],{"class":189},[84,110900,3711],{"class":185},[84,110902,10149],{"class":98},[84,110904,110905],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,110906,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,110908,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,110910,7836],{"class":633},[84,110912,4211],{"class":185},[84,110914,18296],{"class":189},[84,110916,3711],{"class":185},[84,110918,22016],{"class":94},[84,110920,13967],{"class":90},[84,110922,1440],{"class":98},[84,110924,110925,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,110926,110927],{"class":90},"    colors",[84,110929,307],{"class":98},[84,110931,35633],{"class":146},[84,110933,137],{"class":98},[84,110935,3711],{"class":185},[84,110937,18296],{"class":189},[84,110939,3711],{"class":185},[84,110941,150],{"class":98},[20,110943,110944,110945,110949],{},"Or use ",[303,110946,110947],{"href":109058},[15,110948,103455],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[995,110951,38041,110953,9544,110955],{"id":110952},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110954,103469],{},[15,110956,55891],{},[20,110958,110959],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110961,110962,110963,110965],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110964,103469],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110967,110968,110969,307],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[303,110970,99679],{"href":99678},[995,110972,110974],{"id":110973},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110976,108964],{},[20,110978,110979],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[70,110981,2694],{"id":2693},[995,110983,2698,110985,97894],{"id":110984},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110986,103469],{},[20,110988,110989,110990,307],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110991,4630],{},[995,110993,31129,110995,110997],{"id":110994},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110996,103469],{}," raise?",[20,110999,31135,111000,111002],{},[15,111001,20529],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[995,111004,22263,111006,3736,111008,3348],{"id":111005},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,111007,56344],{},[15,111009,103455],{},[20,111011,224,111012,111014,111015,111017],{},[15,111013,56344],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,111016,103455],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[995,111019,2734,111021,111023],{"id":111020},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,111022,103469],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,111025,111026],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[70,111028,2751],{"id":2750},[30,111030,111031,111037,111043,111047,111051],{},[33,111032,111033],{},[303,111034,97415,111035,11583],{"href":109058},[15,111036,103455],{},[33,111038,111039],{},[303,111040,97415,111041,11583],{"href":98815},[15,111042,13605],{},[33,111044,111045],{},[303,111046,97939],{"href":98484},[33,111048,111049],{},[303,111050,100945],{"href":99678},[33,111052,111053],{},[303,111054,12106],{"href":11917},[2785,111056,111057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":111059},[111060,111061,111063,111064,111065,111066,111071,111079,111089],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":110061,"depth":125,"text":111062},"What set.remove() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":110312,"depth":125,"text":110313},{"id":110417,"depth":125,"text":111067,"children":111068},"How remove() is different from discard()",[111069,111070],{"id":35633,"depth":153,"text":56344},{"id":103522,"depth":153,"text":103455},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":111072},[111073,111075,111076,111078],{"id":110654,"depth":153,"text":111074},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110815,"depth":153,"text":110816},{"id":110952,"depth":153,"text":111077},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110973,"depth":153,"text":110974},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":111080},[111081,111083,111085,111087],{"id":110984,"depth":153,"text":111082},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110994,"depth":153,"text":111084},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":111005,"depth":153,"text":111086},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":111020,"depth":153,"text":111088},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109935,"description":111090},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":111097,"title":111098,"body":111099,"description":112472,"extension":2830,"meta":112473,"navigation":472,"path":112474,"seo":112475,"stem":112476,"__hash__":112477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":111100,"toc":112447},[111101,111107,111113,111116,111119,111133,111135,111216,111219,111224,111228,111242,111249,111251,111270,111273,111291,111293,111373,111375,111400,111404,111407,111415,111420,111425,111427,111440,111445,111448,111472,111475,111483,111485,111488,111585,111587,111620,111622,111648,111655,111658,111662,111670,111674,111682,111684,111774,111776,111790,111797,111802,111807,111809,111900,111902,111914,111916,111930,111936,111944,111946,112028,112030,112075,112078,112086,112089,112091,112095,112138,112140,112160,112165,112167,112252,112254,112259,112261,112268,112276,112282,112285,112287,112373,112375,112399,112403,112406,112408,112435,112445],[10,111102,96801,111104,12166],{"id":111103},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,111105,111106],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,111108,111109,111112],{},[15,111110,111111],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,111114,111115],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,111117,111118],{},"Use it when:",[30,111120,111121,111124,111130],{},[33,111122,111123],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,111125,111126,111127,111129],{},"you do ",[53,111128,55],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,111131,111132],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[70,111134,4464],{"id":4463},[75,111136,111138],{"className":77,"code":111137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111139,111140,111160,111180,111184,111203],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111141,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111143,3410],{"class":90},[84,111145,95],{"class":94},[84,111147,11332],{"class":98},[84,111149,103],{"class":102},[84,111151,106],{"class":98},[84,111153,109],{"class":102},[84,111155,106],{"class":98},[84,111157,114],{"class":102},[84,111159,10149],{"class":98},[84,111161,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111163,3437],{"class":90},[84,111165,95],{"class":94},[84,111167,11332],{"class":98},[84,111169,208],{"class":102},[84,111171,106],{"class":98},[84,111173,119],{"class":102},[84,111175,106],{"class":98},[84,111177,5452],{"class":102},[84,111179,10149],{"class":98},[84,111181,111182],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111183,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111185,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111197,111199,111201],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111187,128],{"class":90},[84,111189,95],{"class":94},[84,111191,57703],{"class":90},[84,111193,307],{"class":98},[84,111195,111196],{"class":146},"symmetric_difference",[84,111198,137],{"class":98},[84,111200,5608],{"class":146},[84,111202,150],{"class":98},[84,111204,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,111206,156],{"class":133},[84,111208,137],{"class":98},[84,111210,166],{"class":146},[84,111212,1970],{"class":98},[84,111214,111215],{"class":4517},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111217,111218],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[70,111220,235,111222,238],{"id":111221},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111223,111106],{},[20,111225,111226,3743],{},[15,111227,111111],{},[30,111229,111230,111233,111236,111239],{},[33,111231,111232],{},"returns a new set",[33,111234,111235],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,111237,111238],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,111240,111241],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111243,96925,111244,3736,111246,307],{},[303,111245,96929],{"href":96928},[303,111247,111248],{"href":96932},"creating a set in Python",[70,111250,311],{"id":310},[75,111252,111254],{"className":77,"code":111253,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111255,111256],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111259,101186],{"class":90},[84,111261,307],{"class":98},[84,111263,111196],{"class":146},[84,111265,137],{"class":98},[84,111267,101195],{"class":146},[84,111269,150],{"class":98},[20,111271,111272],{},"Notes:",[30,111274,111275,111280,111285,111288],{},[33,111276,111277,111279],{},[15,111278,101186],{}," must be a set",[33,111281,111282,111284],{},[15,111283,101195],{}," can be any iterable",[33,111286,111287],{},"the result is always a set",[33,111289,111290],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111292,814],{},[75,111294,111296],{"className":77,"code":111295,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111297,111298,111319,111340,111344,111363],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111299,111300,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111301,111302],{"class":90},"set1 ",[84,111304,95],{"class":94},[84,111306,11332],{"class":98},[84,111308,103],{"class":102},[84,111310,106],{"class":98},[84,111312,109],{"class":102},[84,111314,106],{"class":98},[84,111316,114],{"class":102},[84,111318,10149],{"class":98},[84,111320,111321,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111322,111323],{"class":90},"set2 ",[84,111325,95],{"class":94},[84,111327,11332],{"class":98},[84,111329,208],{"class":102},[84,111331,106],{"class":98},[84,111333,119],{"class":102},[84,111335,106],{"class":98},[84,111337,5452],{"class":102},[84,111339,10149],{"class":98},[84,111341,111342],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111343,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111345,111346,111348,111350,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111347,128],{"class":90},[84,111349,95],{"class":94},[84,111351,111352],{"class":90}," set1",[84,111354,307],{"class":98},[84,111356,111196],{"class":146},[84,111358,137],{"class":98},[84,111360,101195],{"class":146},[84,111362,150],{"class":98},[84,111364,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,111366,156],{"class":133},[84,111368,137],{"class":98},[84,111370,166],{"class":146},[84,111372,150],{"class":98},[20,111374,172],{},[75,111376,111378],{"className":77,"code":111377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111379,111380],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111383,10118],{"class":98},[84,111385,103],{"class":102},[84,111387,106],{"class":98},[84,111389,109],{"class":102},[84,111391,106],{"class":98},[84,111393,119],{"class":102},[84,111395,106],{"class":98},[84,111397,5452],{"class":102},[84,111399,10149],{"class":98},[70,111401,111403],{"id":111402},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111405,111406],{},"The result includes:",[30,111408,111409,111412],{},[33,111410,111411],{},"items only in the first set",[33,111413,111414],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111416,111417,111418,11926],{},"The result does ",[53,111419,55],{},[30,111421,111422],{},[33,111423,111424],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111426,6315],{},[30,111428,111429,111434],{},[33,111430,111431,111432],{},"first set: ",[15,111433,100883],{},[33,111435,111436,111437],{},"second set: ",[15,111438,111439],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111441,4898,111442,111444],{},[15,111443,208],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111446,111447],{},"The output is:",[75,111449,111450],{"className":77,"code":111377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,111451,111452],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111453,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111455,10118],{"class":98},[84,111457,103],{"class":102},[84,111459,106],{"class":98},[84,111461,109],{"class":102},[84,111463,106],{"class":98},[84,111465,119],{"class":102},[84,111467,106],{"class":98},[84,111469,5452],{"class":102},[84,111471,10149],{"class":98},[20,111473,111474],{},"Also remember:",[30,111476,111477,111480],{},[33,111478,111479],{},"sets are unordered",[33,111481,111482],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[70,111484,418],{"id":417},[20,111486,111487],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[75,111489,111491],{"className":77,"code":111490,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111492,111493,111525,111549,111553,111571,111575],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111494,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111496,107626],{"class":90},[84,111498,95],{"class":94},[84,111500,11332],{"class":98},[84,111502,3711],{"class":185},[84,111504,13936],{"class":189},[84,111506,3711],{"class":185},[84,111508,106],{"class":98},[84,111510,4211],{"class":185},[84,111512,13953],{"class":189},[84,111514,3711],{"class":185},[84,111516,106],{"class":98},[84,111518,4211],{"class":185},[84,111520,18296],{"class":189},[84,111522,3711],{"class":185},[84,111524,10149],{"class":98},[84,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111528,107659],{"class":90},[84,111530,95],{"class":94},[84,111532,11332],{"class":98},[84,111534,3711],{"class":185},[84,111536,18296],{"class":189},[84,111538,3711],{"class":185},[84,111540,106],{"class":98},[84,111542,4211],{"class":185},[84,111544,23367],{"class":189},[84,111546,3711],{"class":185},[84,111548,10149],{"class":98},[84,111550,111551],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111552,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111554,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111556,128],{"class":90},[84,111558,95],{"class":94},[84,111560,107701],{"class":90},[84,111562,307],{"class":98},[84,111564,111196],{"class":146},[84,111566,137],{"class":98},[84,111568,107710],{"class":146},[84,111570,150],{"class":98},[84,111572,111573],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,111574,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,111578,156],{"class":133},[84,111580,137],{"class":98},[84,111582,166],{"class":146},[84,111584,150],{"class":98},[20,111586,172],{},[75,111588,111590],{"className":77,"code":111589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111591,111592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111593,111594,111596,111598,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111595,10118],{"class":98},[84,111597,186],{"class":185},[84,111599,13936],{"class":189},[84,111601,186],{"class":185},[84,111603,106],{"class":98},[84,111605,196],{"class":185},[84,111607,13953],{"class":189},[84,111609,186],{"class":185},[84,111611,106],{"class":98},[84,111613,196],{"class":185},[84,111615,23367],{"class":189},[84,111617,186],{"class":185},[84,111619,10149],{"class":98},[20,111621,14253],{},[30,111623,111624,111629,111640],{},[33,111625,111626,111628],{},[15,111627,97094],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,111630,111631,5241,111633,111636,111637,111639],{},[15,111632,66209],{},[15,111634,111635],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111638,107763],{},", so they stay",[33,111641,111642,111644,111645,111647],{},[15,111643,110402],{}," is only in ",[15,111646,107710],{},", so it stays",[70,111649,111651,11427,111653],{"id":111650},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111652,111106],{},[15,111654,101015],{},[20,111656,111657],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111659,111660,3743],{},[15,111661,101015],{},[30,111663,111664,111667],{},[33,111665,111666],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,111668,111669],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111671,111672,3743],{},[15,111673,111106],{},[30,111675,111676,111679],{},[33,111677,111678],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,111680,111681],{},"removes shared items",[20,111683,814],{},[75,111685,111687],{"className":77,"code":111686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111688,111689,111709,111729,111733,111754],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111690,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111692,3410],{"class":90},[84,111694,95],{"class":94},[84,111696,11332],{"class":98},[84,111698,103],{"class":102},[84,111700,106],{"class":98},[84,111702,109],{"class":102},[84,111704,106],{"class":98},[84,111706,114],{"class":102},[84,111708,10149],{"class":98},[84,111710,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111712,3437],{"class":90},[84,111714,95],{"class":94},[84,111716,11332],{"class":98},[84,111718,208],{"class":102},[84,111720,106],{"class":98},[84,111722,119],{"class":102},[84,111724,106],{"class":98},[84,111726,5452],{"class":102},[84,111728,10149],{"class":98},[84,111730,111731],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111732,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111734,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111736,156],{"class":133},[84,111738,137],{"class":98},[84,111740,303],{"class":146},[84,111742,307],{"class":98},[84,111744,3667],{"class":146},[84,111746,137],{"class":98},[84,111748,5608],{"class":146},[84,111750,6204],{"class":98},[84,111752,111753],{"class":4517},"            # {1, 2}\n",[84,111755,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,111757,156],{"class":133},[84,111759,137],{"class":98},[84,111761,303],{"class":146},[84,111763,307],{"class":98},[84,111765,111196],{"class":146},[84,111767,137],{"class":98},[84,111769,5608],{"class":146},[84,111771,6204],{"class":98},[84,111773,111215],{"class":4517},[20,111775,19536],{},[30,111777,111778,111785],{},[33,111779,111780,111784],{},[303,111781,111782],{"href":103441},[15,111783,101015],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,111786,111787,111789],{},[15,111788,111106],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[70,111791,111793,11427,111795],{"id":111792},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111794,111106],{},[15,111796,103400],{},[20,111798,111799,111801],{},[15,111800,103400],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111803,111804,111806],{},[15,111805,111106],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111808,814],{},[75,111810,111812],{"className":77,"code":111811,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111813,111814,111834,111854,111858,111880],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111815,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111817,3410],{"class":90},[84,111819,95],{"class":94},[84,111821,11332],{"class":98},[84,111823,103],{"class":102},[84,111825,106],{"class":98},[84,111827,109],{"class":102},[84,111829,106],{"class":98},[84,111831,114],{"class":102},[84,111833,10149],{"class":98},[84,111835,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111837,3437],{"class":90},[84,111839,95],{"class":94},[84,111841,11332],{"class":98},[84,111843,208],{"class":102},[84,111845,106],{"class":98},[84,111847,119],{"class":102},[84,111849,106],{"class":98},[84,111851,5452],{"class":102},[84,111853,10149],{"class":98},[84,111855,111856],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111857,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111859,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111871,111873,111875,111877],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111861,156],{"class":133},[84,111863,137],{"class":98},[84,111865,303],{"class":146},[84,111867,307],{"class":98},[84,111869,111870],{"class":146},"union",[84,111872,137],{"class":98},[84,111874,5608],{"class":146},[84,111876,6204],{"class":98},[84,111878,111879],{"class":4517},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[84,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,111883,156],{"class":133},[84,111885,137],{"class":98},[84,111887,303],{"class":146},[84,111889,307],{"class":98},[84,111891,111196],{"class":146},[84,111893,137],{"class":98},[84,111895,5608],{"class":146},[84,111897,6204],{"class":98},[84,111899,111215],{"class":4517},[20,111901,28061],{},[30,111903,111904,111909],{},[33,111905,111906,111908],{},[15,111907,103400],{}," includes everything",[33,111910,111911,111913],{},[15,111912,111106],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111915,19536],{},[30,111917,111918,111925],{},[33,111919,111920,111924],{},[303,111921,111922],{"href":108331},[15,111923,103400],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111926,111927,111929],{},[15,111928,111106],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[70,111931,37450,111933,102199],{"id":111932},"using-the-operator",[15,111934,111935],{},"^",[20,111937,111938,111939,111941,111942,307],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111940,111935],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111943,111106],{},[20,111945,814],{},[75,111947,111949],{"className":77,"code":111948,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111950,111951,111971,111991,111995,112013],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,111952,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,111954,111302],{"class":90},[84,111956,95],{"class":94},[84,111958,11332],{"class":98},[84,111960,103],{"class":102},[84,111962,106],{"class":98},[84,111964,109],{"class":102},[84,111966,106],{"class":98},[84,111968,114],{"class":102},[84,111970,10149],{"class":98},[84,111972,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,111974,111323],{"class":90},[84,111976,95],{"class":94},[84,111978,11332],{"class":98},[84,111980,208],{"class":102},[84,111982,106],{"class":98},[84,111984,119],{"class":102},[84,111986,106],{"class":98},[84,111988,5452],{"class":102},[84,111990,10149],{"class":98},[84,111992,111993],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,111994,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,111996,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,111998,156],{"class":133},[84,112000,137],{"class":98},[84,112002,101186],{"class":146},[84,112004,307],{"class":98},[84,112006,111196],{"class":146},[84,112008,137],{"class":98},[84,112010,101195],{"class":146},[84,112012,169],{"class":98},[84,112014,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112026],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112016,156],{"class":133},[84,112018,137],{"class":98},[84,112020,111302],{"class":146},[84,112022,111935],{"class":94},[84,112024,112025],{"class":146}," set2",[84,112027,150],{"class":98},[20,112029,30871],{},[75,112031,112033],{"className":77,"code":112032,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,112034,112035,112055],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112038,10118],{"class":98},[84,112040,103],{"class":102},[84,112042,106],{"class":98},[84,112044,109],{"class":102},[84,112046,106],{"class":98},[84,112048,119],{"class":102},[84,112050,106],{"class":98},[84,112052,5452],{"class":102},[84,112054,10149],{"class":98},[84,112056,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112058,10118],{"class":98},[84,112060,103],{"class":102},[84,112062,106],{"class":98},[84,112064,109],{"class":102},[84,112066,106],{"class":98},[84,112068,119],{"class":102},[84,112070,106],{"class":98},[84,112072,5452],{"class":102},[84,112074,10149],{"class":98},[20,112076,112077],{},"Both forms:",[30,112079,112080,112083],{},[33,112081,112082],{},"return a new set",[33,112084,112085],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,112087,112088],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[70,112090,2058],{"id":2057},[20,112092,22054,112093,3743],{},[15,112094,111106],{},[30,112096,112097,112105,112115,112130],{},[33,112098,112099,112102,112104],{},[53,112100,112101],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10687,112103],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,112106,112107,112110,112112,112114],{},[53,112108,112109],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10687,112111],{},[15,112113,111106],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,112116,112117,112122,112124,112126,112127,112129],{},[53,112118,112119,112120],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,112121,101015],{},[10687,112123],{},[15,112125,101015],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,112128,111106],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,112131,112132,112135,112137],{},[53,112133,112134],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10687,112136],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,112139,59678],{},[30,112141,112142,112151,112154,112157],{},[33,112143,51307,112144,45447,112146,112150],{},[15,112145,111106],{},[303,112147,112148],{"href":108331},[15,112149,103400],{}," is actually needed",[33,112152,112153],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,112155,112156],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,112158,112159],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112161,112162,112163,307],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[303,112164,99679],{"href":105944},[20,112166,63112],{},[75,112168,112170],{"className":77,"code":112169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112171,112172,112182,112192,112210,112224,112238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112173,112174,112176,112178,112180],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112175,156],{"class":133},[84,112177,137],{"class":98},[84,112179,101186],{"class":146},[84,112181,150],{"class":98},[84,112183,112184,112186,112188,112190],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112185,156],{"class":133},[84,112187,137],{"class":98},[84,112189,101195],{"class":146},[84,112191,150],{"class":98},[84,112193,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112195,156],{"class":133},[84,112197,137],{"class":98},[84,112199,101186],{"class":146},[84,112201,307],{"class":98},[84,112203,111196],{"class":146},[84,112205,137],{"class":98},[84,112207,101195],{"class":146},[84,112209,169],{"class":98},[84,112211,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112213,156],{"class":133},[84,112215,137],{"class":98},[84,112217,111302],{"class":146},[84,112219,111935],{"class":94},[84,112221,112025],{"class":146},[84,112223,150],{"class":98},[84,112225,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112227,156],{"class":133},[84,112229,137],{"class":98},[84,112231,2624],{"class":140},[84,112233,137],{"class":98},[84,112235,101186],{"class":146},[84,112237,169],{"class":98},[84,112239,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,112241,156],{"class":133},[84,112243,137],{"class":98},[84,112245,2624],{"class":140},[84,112247,137],{"class":98},[84,112249,101195],{"class":146},[84,112251,169],{"class":98},[70,112253,2694],{"id":2693},[995,112255,2698,112257,103340],{"id":112256},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112258,111106],{},[20,112260,103343],{},[995,112262,6024,112264,5241,112266,3348],{"id":112263},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112265,111106],{},[15,112267,101015],{},[20,112269,112270,112272,112273,112275],{},[15,112271,101015],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112274,111106],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[995,112277,29169,112279,112281],{"id":112278},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112280,111106],{}," with lists?",[20,112283,112284],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112286,814],{},[75,112288,112290],{"className":77,"code":112289,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112291,112292,112312,112332,112336,112363],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112293,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112295,859],{"class":90},[84,112297,95],{"class":94},[84,112299,99],{"class":98},[84,112301,103],{"class":102},[84,112303,106],{"class":98},[84,112305,109],{"class":102},[84,112307,106],{"class":98},[84,112309,114],{"class":102},[84,112311,122],{"class":98},[84,112313,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112315,880],{"class":90},[84,112317,95],{"class":94},[84,112319,99],{"class":98},[84,112321,208],{"class":102},[84,112323,106],{"class":98},[84,112325,119],{"class":102},[84,112327,106],{"class":98},[84,112329,5452],{"class":102},[84,112331,122],{"class":98},[84,112333,112334],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112335,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359,112361],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112339,128],{"class":90},[84,112341,95],{"class":94},[84,112343,16477],{"class":140},[84,112345,137],{"class":98},[84,112347,112348],{"class":146},"list1",[84,112350,9470],{"class":98},[84,112352,111196],{"class":146},[84,112354,137],{"class":98},[84,112356,7129],{"class":140},[84,112358,137],{"class":98},[84,112360,1150],{"class":146},[84,112362,169],{"class":98},[84,112364,112365,112367,112369,112371],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112366,156],{"class":133},[84,112368,137],{"class":98},[84,112370,166],{"class":146},[84,112372,150],{"class":98},[20,112374,172],{},[75,112376,112377],{"className":77,"code":111377,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,112378,112379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112382,10118],{"class":98},[84,112384,103],{"class":102},[84,112386,106],{"class":98},[84,112388,109],{"class":102},[84,112390,106],{"class":98},[84,112392,119],{"class":102},[84,112394,106],{"class":98},[84,112396,5452],{"class":102},[84,112398,10149],{"class":98},[995,112400,112402],{"id":112401},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112404,112405],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[70,112407,2751],{"id":2750},[30,112409,112410,112414,112419,112425,112431],{},[33,112411,112412],{},[303,112413,96929],{"href":96928},[33,112415,112416],{},[303,112417,112418],{"href":96932},"Creating a set in Python",[33,112420,112421],{},[303,112422,97415,112423,11583],{"href":103441},[15,112424,101015],{},[33,112426,112427],{},[303,112428,97415,112429,11583],{"href":108331},[15,112430,103400],{},[33,112432,112433],{},[303,112434,100945],{"href":105944},[20,112436,112437,112438,362,112440,17912,112442,112444],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112439,101015],{},[15,112441,103400],{},[15,112443,111106],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2785,112446,58057],{},{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":112448},[112449,112450,112452,112453,112454,112455,112457,112459,112461,112462,112471],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":111221,"depth":125,"text":112451},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":111402,"depth":125,"text":111403},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":111650,"depth":125,"text":112456},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111792,"depth":125,"text":112458},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111932,"depth":125,"text":112460},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":112463},[112464,112466,112468,112470],{"id":112256,"depth":153,"text":112465},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112263,"depth":153,"text":112467},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112278,"depth":153,"text":112469},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112401,"depth":153,"text":112402},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":111098,"description":112472},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112479,"title":112480,"body":112481,"description":114544,"extension":2830,"meta":114545,"navigation":472,"path":108331,"seo":114546,"stem":114547,"__hash__":114548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112482,"toc":114503},[112483,112488,112493,112496,112509,112511,112593,112598,112603,112607,112619,112622,112626,112628,112655,112657,112668,112671,112740,112742,112748,112751,112761,112763,112852,112857,112859,112866,112869,112871,112874,112994,112996,113065,113068,113085,113090,113093,113209,113211,113240,113243,113249,113254,113258,113339,113341,113369,113374,113378,113473,113475,113516,113520,113523,113590,113592,113633,113639,113654,113661,113668,113672,113678,113764,113768,113776,113847,113852,113859,113861,113867,113869,113934,113936,113952,113957,113960,114029,114033,114036,114095,114098,114102,114155,114168,114171,114224,114228,114230,114261,114264,114269,114322,114326,114329,114350,114362,114364,114417,114419,114424,114426,114432,114435,114441,114446,114450,114453,114461,114470,114472,114500],[10,112484,13,112486,12166],{"id":112485},"python-setunion-method",[15,112487,108644],{},[20,112489,112490,112492],{},[15,112491,108644],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112494,112495],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,112497,112498,112501,112506],{},[33,112499,112500],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,112502,3410,112503,112505],{},[53,112504,101370],{}," as the result",[33,112507,112508],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[70,112510,73],{"id":72},[75,112512,112514],{"className":77,"code":112513,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112515,112516,112536,112556,112560,112578,112588],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112517,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112519,111302],{"class":90},[84,112521,95],{"class":94},[84,112523,11332],{"class":98},[84,112525,103],{"class":102},[84,112527,106],{"class":98},[84,112529,109],{"class":102},[84,112531,106],{"class":98},[84,112533,114],{"class":102},[84,112535,10149],{"class":98},[84,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112539,111323],{"class":90},[84,112541,95],{"class":94},[84,112543,11332],{"class":98},[84,112545,208],{"class":102},[84,112547,106],{"class":98},[84,112549,119],{"class":102},[84,112551,106],{"class":98},[84,112553,5452],{"class":102},[84,112555,10149],{"class":98},[84,112557,112558],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112559,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112561,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112563,128],{"class":90},[84,112565,95],{"class":94},[84,112567,111352],{"class":90},[84,112569,307],{"class":98},[84,112571,111870],{"class":146},[84,112573,137],{"class":98},[84,112575,101195],{"class":146},[84,112577,150],{"class":98},[84,112579,112580,112582,112584,112586],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112581,156],{"class":133},[84,112583,137],{"class":98},[84,112585,166],{"class":146},[84,112587,150],{"class":98},[84,112589,112590],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,112591,112592],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112594,112595,112597],{},[15,112596,103400],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[70,112599,235,112601,238],{"id":112600},"what-setunion-does",[15,112602,108644],{},[20,112604,112605,3743],{},[15,112606,108644],{},[30,112608,112609,112612,112615,112617],{},[33,112610,112611],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,112613,112614],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,112616,111232],{},[33,112618,111241],{},[20,112620,112621],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112623,96925,112624,307],{},[303,112625,96929],{"href":98100},[70,112627,311],{"id":310},[75,112629,112631],{"className":77,"code":112630,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112632,112633],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112634,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112636,101186],{"class":90},[84,112638,307],{"class":98},[84,112640,111870],{"class":146},[84,112642,137],{"class":98},[84,112644,101195],{"class":146},[84,112646,106],{"class":98},[84,112648,101222],{"class":146},[84,112650,106],{"class":98},[84,112652,35292],{"class":133},[84,112654,150],{"class":98},[20,112656,13895],{},[30,112658,112659,112662,112665],{},[33,112660,112661],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,112663,112664],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,112666,112667],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112669,112670],{},"Example with two sets:",[75,112672,112674],{"className":77,"code":112673,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112675,112676,112692,112708,112712,112730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112677,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112679,3410],{"class":90},[84,112681,95],{"class":94},[84,112683,11332],{"class":98},[84,112685,103],{"class":102},[84,112687,106],{"class":98},[84,112689,109],{"class":102},[84,112691,10149],{"class":98},[84,112693,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112695,3437],{"class":90},[84,112697,95],{"class":94},[84,112699,11332],{"class":98},[84,112701,199],{"class":102},[84,112703,106],{"class":98},[84,112705,114],{"class":102},[84,112707,10149],{"class":98},[84,112709,112710],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112711,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112713,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112715,128],{"class":90},[84,112717,95],{"class":94},[84,112719,57703],{"class":90},[84,112721,307],{"class":98},[84,112723,111870],{"class":146},[84,112725,137],{"class":98},[84,112727,5608],{"class":146},[84,112729,150],{"class":98},[84,112731,112732,112734,112736,112738],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112733,156],{"class":133},[84,112735,137],{"class":98},[84,112737,166],{"class":146},[84,112739,150],{"class":98},[70,112741,22813],{"id":22812},[20,112743,112744,101367,112746,307],{},[15,112745,108644],{},[53,112747,101370],{},[20,112749,112750],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,112752,112753,112756],{},[33,112754,112755],{},"the original set",[33,112757,112758,112759],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112760,103400],{},[20,112762,814],{},[75,112764,112766],{"className":77,"code":112765,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112767,112768,112784,112800,112804,112822,112826,112839],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112769,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112771,3410],{"class":90},[84,112773,95],{"class":94},[84,112775,11332],{"class":98},[84,112777,103],{"class":102},[84,112779,106],{"class":98},[84,112781,109],{"class":102},[84,112783,10149],{"class":98},[84,112785,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112787,3437],{"class":90},[84,112789,95],{"class":94},[84,112791,11332],{"class":98},[84,112793,199],{"class":102},[84,112795,106],{"class":98},[84,112797,114],{"class":102},[84,112799,10149],{"class":98},[84,112801,112802],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112803,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112805,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112807,128],{"class":90},[84,112809,95],{"class":94},[84,112811,57703],{"class":90},[84,112813,307],{"class":98},[84,112815,111870],{"class":146},[84,112817,137],{"class":98},[84,112819,5608],{"class":146},[84,112821,150],{"class":98},[84,112823,112824],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112825,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,112829,156],{"class":133},[84,112831,137],{"class":98},[84,112833,166],{"class":146},[84,112835,1970],{"class":98},[84,112837,112838],{"class":4517},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[84,112840,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,112842,156],{"class":133},[84,112844,137],{"class":98},[84,112846,303],{"class":146},[84,112848,1970],{"class":98},[84,112850,112851],{"class":4517},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112853,3144,112854,112856],{},[15,112855,303],{}," did not change.",[20,112858,111474],{},[30,112860,112861,112863],{},[33,112862,111479],{},[33,112864,112865],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112867,112868],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[70,112870,418],{"id":417},[20,112872,112873],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[75,112875,112877],{"className":77,"code":112876,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112878,112879,112912,112945,112949,112969,112973,112983],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,112880,112881,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,112882,112883],{"class":90},"fruits1 ",[84,112885,95],{"class":94},[84,112887,11332],{"class":98},[84,112889,3711],{"class":185},[84,112891,4928],{"class":189},[84,112893,3711],{"class":185},[84,112895,106],{"class":98},[84,112897,4211],{"class":185},[84,112899,4937],{"class":189},[84,112901,3711],{"class":185},[84,112903,106],{"class":98},[84,112905,4211],{"class":185},[84,112907,34061],{"class":189},[84,112909,3711],{"class":185},[84,112911,10149],{"class":98},[84,112913,112914,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,112915,112916],{"class":90},"fruits2 ",[84,112918,95],{"class":94},[84,112920,11332],{"class":98},[84,112922,3711],{"class":185},[84,112924,4937],{"class":189},[84,112926,3711],{"class":185},[84,112928,106],{"class":98},[84,112930,4211],{"class":185},[84,112932,23376],{"class":189},[84,112934,3711],{"class":185},[84,112936,106],{"class":98},[84,112938,4211],{"class":185},[84,112940,34061],{"class":189},[84,112942,3711],{"class":185},[84,112944,10149],{"class":98},[84,112946,112947],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,112948,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112950,112951,112953,112955,112958,112960,112962,112964,112967],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,112952,128],{"class":90},[84,112954,95],{"class":94},[84,112956,112957],{"class":90}," fruits1",[84,112959,307],{"class":98},[84,112961,111870],{"class":146},[84,112963,137],{"class":98},[84,112965,112966],{"class":146},"fruits2",[84,112968,150],{"class":98},[84,112970,112971],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,112972,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,112976,156],{"class":133},[84,112978,137],{"class":98},[84,112980,166],{"class":146},[84,112982,150],{"class":98},[84,112984,112985,112987,112989,112992],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,112986,156],{"class":133},[84,112988,137],{"class":98},[84,112990,112991],{"class":146},"fruits1",[84,112993,150],{"class":98},[20,112995,30871],{},[75,112997,112999],{"className":77,"code":112998,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,113000,113001,113037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113002,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113004,10118],{"class":98},[84,113006,186],{"class":185},[84,113008,4937],{"class":189},[84,113010,186],{"class":185},[84,113012,106],{"class":98},[84,113014,196],{"class":185},[84,113016,34061],{"class":189},[84,113018,186],{"class":185},[84,113020,106],{"class":98},[84,113022,196],{"class":185},[84,113024,4928],{"class":189},[84,113026,186],{"class":185},[84,113028,106],{"class":98},[84,113030,196],{"class":185},[84,113032,23376],{"class":189},[84,113034,186],{"class":185},[84,113036,10149],{"class":98},[84,113038,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113040,10118],{"class":98},[84,113042,186],{"class":185},[84,113044,4937],{"class":189},[84,113046,186],{"class":185},[84,113048,106],{"class":98},[84,113050,196],{"class":185},[84,113052,34061],{"class":189},[84,113054,186],{"class":185},[84,113056,106],{"class":98},[84,113058,196],{"class":185},[84,113060,4928],{"class":189},[84,113062,186],{"class":185},[84,113064,10149],{"class":98},[20,113066,113067],{},"What this shows:",[30,113069,113070,113077,113080],{},[33,113071,113072,5241,113074,113076],{},[15,113073,66091],{},[15,113075,66517],{}," appear in both sets",[33,113078,113079],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,113081,113082,113084],{},[15,113083,112991],{}," stays unchanged",[70,113086,595,113088,101759],{"id":113087},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,113089,103400],{},[20,113091,113092],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[75,113094,113096],{"className":77,"code":113095,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113097,113098,113114,113130,113147,113164,113168,113195,113199],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113099,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113101,111302],{"class":90},[84,113103,95],{"class":94},[84,113105,11332],{"class":98},[84,113107,103],{"class":102},[84,113109,106],{"class":98},[84,113111,109],{"class":102},[84,113113,10149],{"class":98},[84,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113117,111323],{"class":90},[84,113119,95],{"class":94},[84,113121,11332],{"class":98},[84,113123,199],{"class":102},[84,113125,106],{"class":98},[84,113127,114],{"class":102},[84,113129,10149],{"class":98},[84,113131,113132,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113133,113134],{"class":90},"set3 ",[84,113136,95],{"class":94},[84,113138,11332],{"class":98},[84,113140,208],{"class":102},[84,113142,106],{"class":98},[84,113144,119],{"class":102},[84,113146,10149],{"class":98},[84,113148,113149,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113150,113151],{"class":90},"set4 ",[84,113153,95],{"class":94},[84,113155,11332],{"class":98},[84,113157,217],{"class":102},[84,113159,106],{"class":98},[84,113161,5452],{"class":102},[84,113163,10149],{"class":98},[84,113165,113166],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113167,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113169,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113193],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,113171,128],{"class":90},[84,113173,95],{"class":94},[84,113175,111352],{"class":90},[84,113177,307],{"class":98},[84,113179,111870],{"class":146},[84,113181,137],{"class":98},[84,113183,101195],{"class":146},[84,113185,106],{"class":98},[84,113187,101222],{"class":146},[84,113189,106],{"class":98},[84,113191,113192],{"class":146}," set4",[84,113194,150],{"class":98},[84,113196,113197],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,113198,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113200,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,113202,156],{"class":133},[84,113204,137],{"class":98},[84,113206,166],{"class":146},[84,113208,150],{"class":98},[20,113210,30871],{},[75,113212,113214],{"className":77,"code":113213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113215,113216],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113217,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113219,10118],{"class":98},[84,113221,103],{"class":102},[84,113223,106],{"class":98},[84,113225,109],{"class":102},[84,113227,106],{"class":98},[84,113229,114],{"class":102},[84,113231,106],{"class":98},[84,113233,119],{"class":102},[84,113235,106],{"class":98},[84,113237,5452],{"class":102},[84,113239,10149],{"class":98},[20,113241,113242],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[70,113244,595,113246,113248],{"id":113245},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113247,103400],{}," with other iterables",[20,113250,113251,113253],{},[15,113252,103400],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[995,113255,113257],{"id":113256},"with-a-list","With a list",[75,113259,113261],{"className":77,"code":113260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113262,113263,113283,113307,113311,113329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113264,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113266,91],{"class":90},[84,113268,95],{"class":94},[84,113270,11332],{"class":98},[84,113272,103],{"class":102},[84,113274,106],{"class":98},[84,113276,109],{"class":102},[84,113278,106],{"class":98},[84,113280,114],{"class":102},[84,113282,10149],{"class":98},[84,113284,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113286,61864],{"class":90},[84,113288,95],{"class":94},[84,113290,99],{"class":98},[84,113292,208],{"class":102},[84,113294,106],{"class":98},[84,113296,119],{"class":102},[84,113298,106],{"class":98},[84,113300,5452],{"class":102},[84,113302,106],{"class":98},[84,113304,5452],{"class":102},[84,113306,122],{"class":98},[84,113308,113309],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113310,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113312,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113314,128],{"class":90},[84,113316,95],{"class":94},[84,113318,147],{"class":90},[84,113320,307],{"class":98},[84,113322,111870],{"class":146},[84,113324,137],{"class":98},[84,113326,61893],{"class":146},[84,113328,150],{"class":98},[84,113330,113331,113333,113335,113337],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113332,156],{"class":133},[84,113334,137],{"class":98},[84,113336,166],{"class":146},[84,113338,150],{"class":98},[20,113340,30871],{},[75,113342,113343],{"className":77,"code":113213,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,113344,113345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113346,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113348,10118],{"class":98},[84,113350,103],{"class":102},[84,113352,106],{"class":98},[84,113354,109],{"class":102},[84,113356,106],{"class":98},[84,113358,114],{"class":102},[84,113360,106],{"class":98},[84,113362,119],{"class":102},[84,113364,106],{"class":98},[84,113366,5452],{"class":102},[84,113368,10149],{"class":98},[20,113370,21820,113371,113373],{},[15,113372,3000],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[995,113375,113377],{"id":113376},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[75,113379,113381],{"className":77,"code":113380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113382,113383,113407,113440,113444,113463],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113384,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113386,36928],{"class":90},[84,113388,95],{"class":94},[84,113390,11332],{"class":98},[84,113392,3711],{"class":185},[84,113394,303],{"class":189},[84,113396,3711],{"class":185},[84,113398,106],{"class":98},[84,113400,4211],{"class":185},[84,113402,5608],{"class":189},[84,113404,3711],{"class":185},[84,113406,10149],{"class":98},[84,113408,113409,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113410,113411],{"class":90},"more_letters ",[84,113413,95],{"class":94},[84,113415,10076],{"class":98},[84,113417,3711],{"class":185},[84,113419,5608],{"class":189},[84,113421,3711],{"class":185},[84,113423,106],{"class":98},[84,113425,4211],{"class":185},[84,113427,10580],{"class":189},[84,113429,3711],{"class":185},[84,113431,106],{"class":98},[84,113433,4211],{"class":185},[84,113435,19609],{"class":189},[84,113437,3711],{"class":185},[84,113439,150],{"class":98},[84,113441,113442],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113443,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113445,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458,113461],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113447,128],{"class":90},[84,113449,95],{"class":94},[84,113451,70910],{"class":90},[84,113453,307],{"class":98},[84,113455,111870],{"class":146},[84,113457,137],{"class":98},[84,113459,113460],{"class":146},"more_letters",[84,113462,150],{"class":98},[84,113464,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113466,156],{"class":133},[84,113468,137],{"class":98},[84,113470,166],{"class":146},[84,113472,150],{"class":98},[20,113474,30871],{},[75,113476,113478],{"className":77,"code":113477,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113479,113480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113483,10118],{"class":98},[84,113485,186],{"class":185},[84,113487,303],{"class":189},[84,113489,186],{"class":185},[84,113491,106],{"class":98},[84,113493,196],{"class":185},[84,113495,5608],{"class":189},[84,113497,186],{"class":185},[84,113499,106],{"class":98},[84,113501,196],{"class":185},[84,113503,10580],{"class":189},[84,113505,186],{"class":185},[84,113507,106],{"class":98},[84,113509,196],{"class":185},[84,113511,19609],{"class":189},[84,113513,186],{"class":185},[84,113515,10149],{"class":98},[995,113517,113519],{"id":113518},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113521,113522],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[75,113524,113526],{"className":77,"code":113525,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113527,113528,113553,113576,113580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113529,113530,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113531,113532],{"class":90},"chars ",[84,113534,95],{"class":94},[84,113536,11332],{"class":98},[84,113538,3711],{"class":185},[84,113540,303],{"class":189},[84,113542,3711],{"class":185},[84,113544,106],{"class":98},[84,113546,4211],{"class":185},[84,113548,5608],{"class":189},[84,113550,3711],{"class":185},[84,113552,10149],{"class":98},[84,113554,113555,113557,113559,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113556,128],{"class":90},[84,113558,95],{"class":94},[84,113560,113561],{"class":90}," chars",[84,113563,307],{"class":98},[84,113565,111870],{"class":146},[84,113567,137],{"class":98},[84,113569,3711],{"class":185},[84,113571,37884],{"class":189},[84,113573,3711],{"class":185},[84,113575,150],{"class":98},[84,113577,113578],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113579,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113581,113582,113584,113586,113588],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113583,156],{"class":133},[84,113585,137],{"class":98},[84,113587,166],{"class":146},[84,113589,150],{"class":98},[20,113591,30871],{},[75,113593,113595],{"className":77,"code":113594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113596,113597],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113600,10118],{"class":98},[84,113602,186],{"class":185},[84,113604,303],{"class":189},[84,113606,186],{"class":185},[84,113608,106],{"class":98},[84,113610,196],{"class":185},[84,113612,5608],{"class":189},[84,113614,186],{"class":185},[84,113616,106],{"class":98},[84,113618,196],{"class":185},[84,113620,10580],{"class":189},[84,113622,186],{"class":185},[84,113624,106],{"class":98},[84,113626,196],{"class":185},[84,113628,64104],{"class":189},[84,113630,186],{"class":185},[84,113632,10149],{"class":98},[20,113634,23032,113635,113638],{},[15,113636,113637],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,113640,113641,113645,113649],{},[33,113642,113643],{},[15,113644,67297],{},[33,113646,113647],{},[15,113648,18937],{},[33,113650,113651],{},[15,113652,113653],{},"\"t\"",[70,113655,113657,11427,113659],{"id":113656},"union-vs-update",[15,113658,103400],{},[15,113660,15797],{},[20,113662,113663,5241,113665,113667],{},[15,113664,103400],{},[15,113666,15797],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[995,113669,113670],{"id":111870},[15,113671,103400],{},[30,113673,113674,113676],{},[33,113675,111232],{},[33,113677,111241],{},[75,113679,113680],{"className":77,"code":112765,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,113681,113682,113698,113714,113718,113736,113740,113752],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113683,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113685,3410],{"class":90},[84,113687,95],{"class":94},[84,113689,11332],{"class":98},[84,113691,103],{"class":102},[84,113693,106],{"class":98},[84,113695,109],{"class":102},[84,113697,10149],{"class":98},[84,113699,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113701,3437],{"class":90},[84,113703,95],{"class":94},[84,113705,11332],{"class":98},[84,113707,199],{"class":102},[84,113709,106],{"class":98},[84,113711,114],{"class":102},[84,113713,10149],{"class":98},[84,113715,113716],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113717,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113719,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113721,128],{"class":90},[84,113723,95],{"class":94},[84,113725,57703],{"class":90},[84,113727,307],{"class":98},[84,113729,111870],{"class":146},[84,113731,137],{"class":98},[84,113733,5608],{"class":146},[84,113735,150],{"class":98},[84,113737,113738],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113739,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113741,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,113743,156],{"class":133},[84,113745,137],{"class":98},[84,113747,166],{"class":146},[84,113749,1970],{"class":98},[84,113751,112838],{"class":4517},[84,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,113755,156],{"class":133},[84,113757,137],{"class":98},[84,113759,303],{"class":146},[84,113761,1970],{"class":98},[84,113763,112851],{"class":4517},[995,113765,113766],{"id":31306},[15,113767,15797],{},[30,113769,113770,113773],{},[33,113771,113772],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,113774,113775],{},"does not create a separate result set",[75,113777,113779],{"className":77,"code":113778,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113780,113781,113797,113813,113817,113831,113835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113784,3410],{"class":90},[84,113786,95],{"class":94},[84,113788,11332],{"class":98},[84,113790,103],{"class":102},[84,113792,106],{"class":98},[84,113794,109],{"class":102},[84,113796,10149],{"class":98},[84,113798,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809,113811],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113800,3437],{"class":90},[84,113802,95],{"class":94},[84,113804,11332],{"class":98},[84,113806,199],{"class":102},[84,113808,106],{"class":98},[84,113810,114],{"class":102},[84,113812,10149],{"class":98},[84,113814,113815],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113816,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113818,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113820,303],{"class":90},[84,113822,307],{"class":98},[84,113824,31306],{"class":146},[84,113826,137],{"class":98},[84,113828,5608],{"class":146},[84,113830,150],{"class":98},[84,113832,113833],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113834,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113836,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,113838,156],{"class":133},[84,113840,137],{"class":98},[84,113842,303],{"class":146},[84,113844,1970],{"class":98},[84,113846,112838],{"class":4517},[20,113848,224,113849,113851],{},[15,113850,103400],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113853,113854,113855,307],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[303,113856,13,113857,11583],{"href":99120},[15,113858,97915],{},[70,113860,2058],{"id":2057},[995,113862,9291,113864,113866],{"id":113863},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113865,103400],{}," to change the original set",[20,113868,2067],{},[75,113870,113872],{"className":77,"code":113871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113873,113874,113890,113906,113910,113924],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113875,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113877,3410],{"class":90},[84,113879,95],{"class":94},[84,113881,11332],{"class":98},[84,113883,103],{"class":102},[84,113885,106],{"class":98},[84,113887,109],{"class":102},[84,113889,10149],{"class":98},[84,113891,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113893,3437],{"class":90},[84,113895,95],{"class":94},[84,113897,11332],{"class":98},[84,113899,199],{"class":102},[84,113901,106],{"class":98},[84,113903,114],{"class":102},[84,113905,10149],{"class":98},[84,113907,113908],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,113909,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,113911,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,113913,303],{"class":90},[84,113915,307],{"class":98},[84,113917,111870],{"class":146},[84,113919,137],{"class":98},[84,113921,5608],{"class":146},[84,113923,150],{"class":98},[84,113925,113926,113928,113930,113932],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,113927,156],{"class":133},[84,113929,137],{"class":98},[84,113931,303],{"class":146},[84,113933,150],{"class":98},[20,113935,172],{},[75,113937,113938],{"className":77,"code":101108,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,113939,113940],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113941,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113943,10118],{"class":98},[84,113945,103],{"class":102},[84,113947,106],{"class":98},[84,113949,109],{"class":102},[84,113951,10149],{"class":98},[20,113953,9334,113954,113956],{},[15,113955,103400],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113958,113959],{},"Fix it like this:",[75,113961,113963],{"className":77,"code":113962,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113964,113965,113981,113997,114001,114019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,113966,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,113968,3410],{"class":90},[84,113970,95],{"class":94},[84,113972,11332],{"class":98},[84,113974,103],{"class":102},[84,113976,106],{"class":98},[84,113978,109],{"class":102},[84,113980,10149],{"class":98},[84,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,113984,3437],{"class":90},[84,113986,95],{"class":94},[84,113988,11332],{"class":98},[84,113990,199],{"class":102},[84,113992,106],{"class":98},[84,113994,114],{"class":102},[84,113996,10149],{"class":98},[84,113998,113999],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114000,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,114002,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114004,3410],{"class":90},[84,114006,95],{"class":94},[84,114008,57703],{"class":90},[84,114010,307],{"class":98},[84,114012,111870],{"class":146},[84,114014,137],{"class":98},[84,114016,5608],{"class":146},[84,114018,150],{"class":98},[84,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,114022,156],{"class":133},[84,114024,137],{"class":98},[84,114026,303],{"class":146},[84,114028,150],{"class":98},[995,114030,114032],{"id":114031},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,114034,114035],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[75,114037,114039],{"className":77,"code":114038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,114040,114041,114057,114073,114077],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114042,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114044,3410],{"class":90},[84,114046,95],{"class":94},[84,114048,11332],{"class":98},[84,114050,208],{"class":102},[84,114052,106],{"class":98},[84,114054,6341],{"class":102},[84,114056,10149],{"class":98},[84,114058,114059,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114060,3437],{"class":90},[84,114062,95],{"class":94},[84,114064,11332],{"class":98},[84,114066,199],{"class":102},[84,114068,106],{"class":98},[84,114070,119],{"class":102},[84,114072,10149],{"class":98},[84,114074,114075],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114076,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,114078,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114080,156],{"class":133},[84,114082,137],{"class":98},[84,114084,303],{"class":146},[84,114086,307],{"class":98},[84,114088,111870],{"class":146},[84,114090,137],{"class":98},[84,114092,5608],{"class":146},[84,114094,169],{"class":98},[20,114096,114097],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[995,114099,114101],{"id":114100},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[75,114103,114105],{"className":77,"code":114104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,114106,114107,114123,114145],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114108,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114110,4919],{"class":90},[84,114112,95],{"class":94},[84,114114,11332],{"class":98},[84,114116,3711],{"class":185},[84,114118,58943],{"class":189},[84,114120,3711],{"class":185},[84,114122,10149],{"class":98},[84,114124,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114126,128],{"class":90},[84,114128,95],{"class":94},[84,114130,7010],{"class":90},[84,114132,307],{"class":98},[84,114134,111870],{"class":146},[84,114136,137],{"class":98},[84,114138,3711],{"class":185},[84,114140,37884],{"class":189},[84,114142,3711],{"class":185},[84,114144,150],{"class":98},[84,114146,114147,114149,114151,114153],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114148,156],{"class":133},[84,114150,137],{"class":98},[84,114152,166],{"class":146},[84,114154,150],{"class":98},[20,114156,114157,114158,362,114160,17912,114162,114164,114165,114167],{},"This adds ",[15,114159,67297],{},[15,114161,18937],{},[15,114163,113653],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114166,113637],{}," as one item.",[20,114169,114170],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[75,114172,114174],{"className":77,"code":114173,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114175,114176,114192,114214],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114177,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114179,4919],{"class":90},[84,114181,95],{"class":94},[84,114183,11332],{"class":98},[84,114185,3711],{"class":185},[84,114187,58943],{"class":189},[84,114189,3711],{"class":185},[84,114191,10149],{"class":98},[84,114193,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114195,128],{"class":90},[84,114197,95],{"class":94},[84,114199,7010],{"class":90},[84,114201,307],{"class":98},[84,114203,111870],{"class":146},[84,114205,3845],{"class":98},[84,114207,3711],{"class":185},[84,114209,37884],{"class":189},[84,114211,3711],{"class":185},[84,114213,4737],{"class":98},[84,114215,114216,114218,114220,114222],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114217,156],{"class":133},[84,114219,137],{"class":98},[84,114221,166],{"class":146},[84,114223,150],{"class":98},[995,114225,114227],{"id":114226},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114229,3693],{},[75,114231,114233],{"className":77,"code":114232,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114234,114235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114236,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114238,16472],{"class":90},[84,114240,95],{"class":94},[84,114242,11332],{"class":98},[84,114244,103],{"class":102},[84,114246,106],{"class":98},[84,114248,109],{"class":102},[84,114250,106],{"class":98},[84,114252,99],{"class":98},[84,114254,208],{"class":102},[84,114256,106],{"class":98},[84,114258,119],{"class":102},[84,114260,14550],{"class":98},[20,114262,114263],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114265,114266,114267,3743],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114268,103400],{},[75,114270,114272],{"className":77,"code":114271,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114273,114274,114290,114312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114275,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114277,16472],{"class":90},[84,114279,95],{"class":94},[84,114281,11332],{"class":98},[84,114283,103],{"class":102},[84,114285,106],{"class":98},[84,114287,109],{"class":102},[84,114289,10149],{"class":98},[84,114291,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114293,128],{"class":90},[84,114295,95],{"class":94},[84,114297,97525],{"class":90},[84,114299,307],{"class":98},[84,114301,111870],{"class":146},[84,114303,3845],{"class":98},[84,114305,208],{"class":102},[84,114307,106],{"class":98},[84,114309,119],{"class":102},[84,114311,4737],{"class":98},[84,114313,114314,114316,114318,114320],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114315,156],{"class":133},[84,114317,137],{"class":98},[84,114319,166],{"class":146},[84,114321,150],{"class":98},[70,114323,114325],{"id":114324},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114327,114328],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,114330,114331,114337,114344,114347],{},[33,114332,114333,114334,114336],{},"call ",[15,114335,103400],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,114338,114339,114340,9544,114342],{},"confuse ",[15,114341,103400],{},[15,114343,15797],{},[33,114345,114346],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,114348,114349],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114351,114352,114353,5241,114357,307],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[303,114354,13,114355,11583],{"href":103389},[15,114356,107174],{},[303,114358,13,114360,11583],{"href":114359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114361,101020],{},[20,114363,63112],{},[75,114365,114367],{"className":77,"code":114366,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114368,114369,114379,114393,114403],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114370,114371,114373,114375,114377],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114372,156],{"class":133},[84,114374,137],{"class":98},[84,114376,16510],{"class":146},[84,114378,150],{"class":98},[84,114380,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114382,156],{"class":133},[84,114384,137],{"class":98},[84,114386,2624],{"class":140},[84,114388,137],{"class":98},[84,114390,16510],{"class":146},[84,114392,169],{"class":98},[84,114394,114395,114397,114399,114401],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114396,156],{"class":133},[84,114398,137],{"class":98},[84,114400,166],{"class":146},[84,114402,150],{"class":98},[84,114404,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114406,32994],{"class":133},[84,114408,137],{"class":98},[84,114410,7129],{"class":140},[84,114412,307],{"class":98},[84,114414,111870],{"class":25590},[84,114416,150],{"class":98},[70,114418,2694],{"id":2693},[995,114420,2698,114422,103340],{"id":114421},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114423,108644],{},[20,114425,103343],{},[995,114427,2734,114429,114431],{"id":114428},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114430,103400],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114433,114434],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[995,114436,29169,114438,114440],{"id":114437},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114439,103400],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114442,42970,114443,114445],{},[15,114444,103400],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[995,114447,114449],{"id":114448},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114451,114452],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[995,114454,6024,114456,5241,114458,3348],{"id":114455},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114457,103400],{},[15,114459,114460],{},"|",[20,114462,114463,114464,114466,114467,114469],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114465,114460],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114468,103400],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[70,114471,2751],{"id":2750},[30,114473,114474,114478,114484,114490,114496],{},[33,114475,114476],{},[303,114477,96929],{"href":98100},[33,114479,114480],{},[303,114481,13,114482,11583],{"href":99120},[15,114483,97915],{},[33,114485,114486],{},[303,114487,13,114488,11583],{"href":103389},[15,114489,107174],{},[33,114491,114492],{},[303,114493,13,114494,11583],{"href":114359},[15,114495,101020],{},[33,114497,114498],{},[303,114499,100945],{"href":99678},[2785,114501,114502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":114504},[114505,114506,114508,114509,114510,114511,114513,114519,114524,114531,114532,114543],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":112600,"depth":125,"text":114507},"What set.union() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":22812,"depth":125,"text":22813},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":113087,"depth":125,"text":114512},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113245,"depth":125,"text":114514,"children":114515},"Using union() with other iterables",[114516,114517,114518],{"id":113256,"depth":153,"text":113257},{"id":113376,"depth":153,"text":113377},{"id":113518,"depth":153,"text":113519},{"id":113656,"depth":125,"text":114520,"children":114521},"union() vs update()",[114522,114523],{"id":111870,"depth":153,"text":103400},{"id":31306,"depth":153,"text":15797},{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":114525},[114526,114528,114529,114530],{"id":113863,"depth":153,"text":114527},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":114031,"depth":153,"text":114032},{"id":114100,"depth":153,"text":114101},{"id":114226,"depth":153,"text":114227},{"id":114324,"depth":125,"text":114325},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":114533},[114534,114536,114538,114540,114541],{"id":114421,"depth":153,"text":114535},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114428,"depth":153,"text":114537},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114437,"depth":153,"text":114539},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114448,"depth":153,"text":114449},{"id":114455,"depth":153,"text":114542},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112480,"description":114544},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114550,"title":114551,"body":114552,"description":116441,"extension":2830,"meta":116442,"navigation":472,"path":97414,"seo":116443,"stem":116444,"__hash__":116445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114553,"toc":116407},[114554,114559,114564,114572,114574,114632,114637,114642,114646,114658,114661,114735,114740,114742,114744,114763,114765,114782,114785,114812,114814,114884,114888,114890,114896,114898,114959,114964,114966,115023,115027,115032,115097,115099,115119,115126,115130,115135,115220,115223,115230,115333,115337,115342,115400,115403,115414,115428,115435,115493,115500,115503,115513,115517,115575,115579,115645,115648,115706,115713,115720,115723,115727,115736,115805,115809,115815,115903,115913,115917,115921,115925,115928,115989,115994,116051,116055,116057,116092,116099,116101,116155,116162,116166,116169,116234,116243,116249,116306,116308,116313,116317,116321,116324,116331,116339,116343,116348,116352,116358,116360,116395,116404],[10,114555,96801,114557,12166],{"id":114556},"python-set-update-method",[15,114558,15797],{},[20,114560,114561,114563],{},[15,114562,97915],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114565,114566,114567,114571],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[303,114568,114569],{"href":99101},[15,114570,96809],{},", which adds only one item.",[70,114573,4464],{"id":4463},[75,114575,114577],{"className":77,"code":114576,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114578,114579,114595,114617,114627],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114580,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114582,91],{"class":90},[84,114584,95],{"class":94},[84,114586,11332],{"class":98},[84,114588,103],{"class":102},[84,114590,106],{"class":98},[84,114592,109],{"class":102},[84,114594,10149],{"class":98},[84,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114598,535],{"class":90},[84,114600,307],{"class":98},[84,114602,31306],{"class":146},[84,114604,3845],{"class":98},[84,114606,199],{"class":102},[84,114608,106],{"class":98},[84,114610,114],{"class":102},[84,114612,106],{"class":98},[84,114614,119],{"class":102},[84,114616,4737],{"class":98},[84,114618,114619,114621,114623,114625],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114620,156],{"class":133},[84,114622,137],{"class":98},[84,114624,535],{"class":146},[84,114626,150],{"class":98},[84,114628,114629],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114630,114631],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114633,224,114634,114636],{},[15,114635,15797],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[70,114638,235,114640,238],{"id":114639},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114641,97915],{},[20,114643,114644,3743],{},[15,114645,97915],{},[30,114647,114648,114651,114653,114656],{},[33,114649,114650],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,114652,96916],{},[33,114654,114655],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,114657,96919],{},[20,114659,114660],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[75,114662,114664],{"className":77,"code":114663,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114665,114666,114690,114716,114720,114730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114667,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114669,13919],{"class":90},[84,114671,95],{"class":94},[84,114673,11332],{"class":98},[84,114675,3711],{"class":185},[84,114677,13936],{"class":189},[84,114679,3711],{"class":185},[84,114681,106],{"class":98},[84,114683,4211],{"class":185},[84,114685,13953],{"class":189},[84,114687,3711],{"class":185},[84,114689,10149],{"class":98},[84,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114693,18343],{"class":90},[84,114695,307],{"class":98},[84,114697,31306],{"class":146},[84,114699,3845],{"class":98},[84,114701,3711],{"class":185},[84,114703,13953],{"class":189},[84,114705,3711],{"class":185},[84,114707,106],{"class":98},[84,114709,4211],{"class":185},[84,114711,18296],{"class":189},[84,114713,3711],{"class":185},[84,114715,4737],{"class":98},[84,114717,114718],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114719,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,114721,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114723,156],{"class":133},[84,114725,137],{"class":98},[84,114727,18343],{"class":146},[84,114729,150],{"class":98},[84,114731,114732],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,114733,114734],{"class":4517},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114736,21820,114737,114739],{},[15,114738,111635],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[70,114741,311],{"id":310},[20,114743,8057],{},[75,114745,114747],{"className":77,"code":114746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114748,114749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114750,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114752,16510],{"class":90},[84,114754,307],{"class":98},[84,114756,31306],{"class":146},[84,114758,137],{"class":98},[84,114760,249],{"class":146},[84,114762,150],{"class":98},[20,114764,354],{},[30,114766,114767,114770,114773,114776,114779],{},[33,114768,114769],{},"A list",[33,114771,114772],{},"A tuple",[33,114774,114775],{},"Another set",[33,114777,114778],{},"A string",[33,114780,114781],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114783,114784],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[75,114786,114788],{"className":77,"code":114787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114789,114790],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114791,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114793,16510],{"class":90},[84,114795,307],{"class":98},[84,114797,31306],{"class":146},[84,114799,137],{"class":98},[84,114801,303],{"class":146},[84,114803,106],{"class":98},[84,114805,835],{"class":146},[84,114807,106],{"class":98},[84,114809,10522],{"class":146},[84,114811,150],{"class":98},[20,114813,814],{},[75,114815,114817],{"className":77,"code":114816,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114818,114819,114831,114865,114869,114879],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114820,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114822,1777],{"class":90},[84,114824,95],{"class":94},[84,114826,11332],{"class":98},[84,114828,103],{"class":102},[84,114830,10149],{"class":98},[84,114832,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114834,6201],{"class":90},[84,114836,307],{"class":98},[84,114838,31306],{"class":146},[84,114840,3845],{"class":98},[84,114842,199],{"class":102},[84,114844,106],{"class":98},[84,114846,114],{"class":102},[84,114848,18903],{"class":98},[84,114850,10076],{"class":98},[84,114852,217],{"class":102},[84,114854,106],{"class":98},[84,114856,5452],{"class":102},[84,114858,10073],{"class":98},[84,114860,11332],{"class":98},[84,114862,789],{"class":102},[84,114864,31338],{"class":98},[84,114866,114867],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114868,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,114870,114871,114873,114875,114877],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114872,156],{"class":133},[84,114874,137],{"class":98},[84,114876,6201],{"class":146},[84,114878,150],{"class":98},[84,114880,114881],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,114882,114883],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114885,96925,114886,307],{},[303,114887,96933],{"href":98484},[70,114889,22813],{"id":22812},[20,114891,114892,3254,114894,307],{},[15,114893,97915],{},[15,114895,4630],{},[20,114897,12557],{},[75,114899,114901],{"className":77,"code":114900,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114902,114903,114919,114941,114945,114955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114904,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114906,91],{"class":90},[84,114908,95],{"class":94},[84,114910,11332],{"class":98},[84,114912,103],{"class":102},[84,114914,106],{"class":98},[84,114916,109],{"class":102},[84,114918,10149],{"class":98},[84,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114922,128],{"class":90},[84,114924,95],{"class":94},[84,114926,147],{"class":90},[84,114928,307],{"class":98},[84,114930,31306],{"class":146},[84,114932,3845],{"class":98},[84,114934,208],{"class":102},[84,114936,106],{"class":98},[84,114938,119],{"class":102},[84,114940,4737],{"class":98},[84,114942,114943],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,114944,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,114948,156],{"class":133},[84,114950,137],{"class":98},[84,114952,166],{"class":146},[84,114954,150],{"class":98},[84,114956,114957],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,114958,62648],{"class":4517},[20,114960,114961,114962,307],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114963,166],{},[20,114965,19810],{},[75,114967,114969],{"className":77,"code":114968,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114970,114971,114987,115005,115009,115019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,114972,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,114974,91],{"class":90},[84,114976,95],{"class":94},[84,114978,11332],{"class":98},[84,114980,103],{"class":102},[84,114982,106],{"class":98},[84,114984,109],{"class":102},[84,114986,10149],{"class":98},[84,114988,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,114990,535],{"class":90},[84,114992,307],{"class":98},[84,114994,31306],{"class":146},[84,114996,3845],{"class":98},[84,114998,208],{"class":102},[84,115000,106],{"class":98},[84,115002,119],{"class":102},[84,115004,4737],{"class":98},[84,115006,115007],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115008,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115010,115011,115013,115015,115017],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115012,156],{"class":133},[84,115014,137],{"class":98},[84,115016,535],{"class":146},[84,115018,150],{"class":98},[84,115020,115021],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115022,114631],{"class":4517},[70,115024,115026],{"id":115025},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,115028,115029,115030,307],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,115031,15797],{},[75,115033,115035],{"className":77,"code":115034,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115036,115037,115053,115079,115083,115093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115040,91],{"class":90},[84,115042,95],{"class":94},[84,115044,11332],{"class":98},[84,115046,103],{"class":102},[84,115048,106],{"class":98},[84,115050,109],{"class":102},[84,115052,10149],{"class":98},[84,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115056,535],{"class":90},[84,115058,307],{"class":98},[84,115060,31306],{"class":146},[84,115062,3845],{"class":98},[84,115064,199],{"class":102},[84,115066,106],{"class":98},[84,115068,114],{"class":102},[84,115070,106],{"class":98},[84,115072,119],{"class":102},[84,115074,106],{"class":98},[84,115076,119],{"class":102},[84,115078,4737],{"class":98},[84,115080,115081],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115082,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115086,156],{"class":133},[84,115088,137],{"class":98},[84,115090,535],{"class":146},[84,115092,150],{"class":98},[84,115094,115095],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115096,114631],{"class":4517},[20,115098,528],{},[30,115100,115101,115106,115113],{},[33,115102,115103,115105],{},[15,115104,199],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,115107,115108,5241,115110,115112],{},[15,115109,208],{},[15,115111,217],{}," are added",[33,115114,115115,115116,115118],{},"The second ",[15,115117,217],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,115120,115121,115122,115125],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[303,115123,115124],{"href":99678},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[70,115127,115129],{"id":115128},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,115131,8603,115132,115134],{},[15,115133,15797],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[75,115136,115138],{"className":77,"code":115137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,115139,115140,115161,115182,115186,115202,115206,115216],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115141,115142,115145,115147,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115143,115144],{"class":90},"set_a ",[84,115146,95],{"class":94},[84,115148,11332],{"class":98},[84,115150,103],{"class":102},[84,115152,106],{"class":98},[84,115154,109],{"class":102},[84,115156,106],{"class":98},[84,115158,114],{"class":102},[84,115160,10149],{"class":98},[84,115162,115163,115166,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115164,115165],{"class":90},"set_b ",[84,115167,95],{"class":94},[84,115169,11332],{"class":98},[84,115171,208],{"class":102},[84,115173,106],{"class":98},[84,115175,119],{"class":102},[84,115177,106],{"class":98},[84,115179,5452],{"class":102},[84,115181,10149],{"class":98},[84,115183,115184],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115185,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115187,115188,115191,115193,115195,115197,115200],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115189,115190],{"class":90},"set_a",[84,115192,307],{"class":98},[84,115194,31306],{"class":146},[84,115196,137],{"class":98},[84,115198,115199],{"class":146},"set_b",[84,115201,150],{"class":98},[84,115203,115204],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115205,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115207,115208,115210,115212,115214],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,115209,156],{"class":133},[84,115211,137],{"class":98},[84,115213,115190],{"class":146},[84,115215,150],{"class":98},[84,115217,115218],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,115219,112592],{"class":4517},[20,115221,115222],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115224,115225,115226,307],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[303,115227,115228],{"href":103397},[15,115229,108644],{},[75,115231,115233],{"className":77,"code":115232,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115234,115235,115255,115275,115279,115299,115303,115314,115318,115328],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115236,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247,115249,115251,115253],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115238,115144],{"class":90},[84,115240,95],{"class":94},[84,115242,11332],{"class":98},[84,115244,103],{"class":102},[84,115246,106],{"class":98},[84,115248,109],{"class":102},[84,115250,106],{"class":98},[84,115252,114],{"class":102},[84,115254,10149],{"class":98},[84,115256,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115258,115165],{"class":90},[84,115260,95],{"class":94},[84,115262,11332],{"class":98},[84,115264,208],{"class":102},[84,115266,106],{"class":98},[84,115268,119],{"class":102},[84,115270,106],{"class":98},[84,115272,5452],{"class":102},[84,115274,10149],{"class":98},[84,115276,115277],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115278,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115280,115281,115284,115286,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115282,115283],{"class":90},"combined ",[84,115285,95],{"class":94},[84,115287,115288],{"class":90}," set_a",[84,115290,307],{"class":98},[84,115292,111870],{"class":146},[84,115294,137],{"class":98},[84,115296,115199],{"class":146},[84,115298,150],{"class":98},[84,115300,115301],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115302,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115304,115305,115307,115309,115312],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,115306,156],{"class":133},[84,115308,137],{"class":98},[84,115310,115311],{"class":146},"combined",[84,115313,150],{"class":98},[84,115315,115316],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,115317,112592],{"class":4517},[84,115319,115320,115322,115324,115326],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,115321,156],{"class":133},[84,115323,137],{"class":98},[84,115325,115190],{"class":146},[84,115327,150],{"class":98},[84,115329,115330],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,115331,115332],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[70,115334,115336],{"id":115335},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115338,65557,115339,115341],{},[15,115340,15797],{}," adds each character separately.",[75,115343,115345],{"className":77,"code":115344,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115346,115347,115363,115381,115385,115395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115348,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115350,36928],{"class":90},[84,115352,95],{"class":94},[84,115354,11332],{"class":98},[84,115356,3711],{"class":185},[84,115358,625],{"class":189},[84,115360,3711],{"class":185},[84,115362,10149],{"class":98},[84,115364,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373,115375,115377,115379],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115366,36981],{"class":90},[84,115368,307],{"class":98},[84,115370,31306],{"class":146},[84,115372,137],{"class":98},[84,115374,3711],{"class":185},[84,115376,37884],{"class":189},[84,115378,3711],{"class":185},[84,115380,150],{"class":98},[84,115382,115383],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115384,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115386,115387,115389,115391,115393],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115388,156],{"class":133},[84,115390,137],{"class":98},[84,115392,36981],{"class":146},[84,115394,150],{"class":98},[84,115396,115397],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115398,115399],{"class":4517},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115401,115402],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115404,115405,51,115408,115410,115411,115413],{},[15,115406,115407],{},"update(\"cat\")",[53,115409,55],{}," add ",[15,115412,113637],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,115415,115416,115420,115424],{},[33,115417,115418],{},[15,115419,67297],{},[33,115421,115422],{},[15,115423,18937],{},[33,115425,115426],{},[15,115427,113653],{},[20,115429,115430,115431,3743],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[303,115432,115433],{"href":99101},[15,115434,96809],{},[75,115436,115438],{"className":77,"code":115437,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115439,115440,115456,115474,115478,115488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115443,4919],{"class":90},[84,115445,95],{"class":94},[84,115447,11332],{"class":98},[84,115449,3711],{"class":185},[84,115451,58943],{"class":189},[84,115453,3711],{"class":185},[84,115455,10149],{"class":98},[84,115457,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115459,4963],{"class":90},[84,115461,307],{"class":98},[84,115463,2349],{"class":146},[84,115465,137],{"class":98},[84,115467,3711],{"class":185},[84,115469,37884],{"class":189},[84,115471,3711],{"class":185},[84,115473,150],{"class":98},[84,115475,115476],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115477,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115481,156],{"class":133},[84,115483,137],{"class":98},[84,115485,4963],{"class":146},[84,115487,150],{"class":98},[84,115489,115490],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115491,115492],{"class":4517},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[70,115494,115496,11427,115498],{"id":115495},"update-vs-add",[15,115497,15797],{},[15,115499,96804],{},[20,115501,115502],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,115504,115505,115509],{},[33,115506,115507,97403],{},[15,115508,96804],{},[33,115510,115511,97408],{},[15,115512,15797],{},[20,115514,46857,115515,3743],{},[15,115516,96804],{},[75,115518,115520],{"className":77,"code":115519,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115521,115522,115538,115556,115560,115570],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115523,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115525,37076],{"class":90},[84,115527,95],{"class":94},[84,115529,11332],{"class":98},[84,115531,3711],{"class":185},[84,115533,4928],{"class":189},[84,115535,3711],{"class":185},[84,115537,10149],{"class":98},[84,115539,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115541,37128],{"class":90},[84,115543,307],{"class":98},[84,115545,2349],{"class":146},[84,115547,137],{"class":98},[84,115549,3711],{"class":185},[84,115551,4937],{"class":189},[84,115553,3711],{"class":185},[84,115555,150],{"class":98},[84,115557,115558],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115559,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115561,115562,115564,115566,115568],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115563,156],{"class":133},[84,115565,137],{"class":98},[84,115567,37128],{"class":146},[84,115569,150],{"class":98},[84,115571,115572],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115573,115574],{"class":4517},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115576,46857,115577,3743],{},[15,115578,15797],{},[75,115580,115582],{"className":77,"code":115581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115583,115584,115600,115626,115630,115640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115585,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596,115598],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115587,37076],{"class":90},[84,115589,95],{"class":94},[84,115591,11332],{"class":98},[84,115593,3711],{"class":185},[84,115595,4928],{"class":189},[84,115597,3711],{"class":185},[84,115599,10149],{"class":98},[84,115601,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115603,37128],{"class":90},[84,115605,307],{"class":98},[84,115607,31306],{"class":146},[84,115609,3845],{"class":98},[84,115611,3711],{"class":185},[84,115613,4937],{"class":189},[84,115615,3711],{"class":185},[84,115617,106],{"class":98},[84,115619,4211],{"class":185},[84,115621,34061],{"class":189},[84,115623,3711],{"class":185},[84,115625,4737],{"class":98},[84,115627,115628],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115629,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115631,115632,115634,115636,115638],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115633,156],{"class":133},[84,115635,137],{"class":98},[84,115637,37128],{"class":146},[84,115639,150],{"class":98},[84,115641,115642],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115643,115644],{"class":4517},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115646,115647],{},"Important warning with strings:",[75,115649,115651],{"className":77,"code":115650,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115652,115653,115669,115687,115691,115701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115654,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115656,37076],{"class":90},[84,115658,95],{"class":94},[84,115660,11332],{"class":98},[84,115662,3711],{"class":185},[84,115664,4928],{"class":189},[84,115666,3711],{"class":185},[84,115668,10149],{"class":98},[84,115670,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115672,37128],{"class":90},[84,115674,307],{"class":98},[84,115676,31306],{"class":146},[84,115678,137],{"class":98},[84,115680,3711],{"class":185},[84,115682,39165],{"class":189},[84,115684,3711],{"class":185},[84,115686,150],{"class":98},[84,115688,115689],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115690,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115692,115693,115695,115697,115699],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115694,156],{"class":133},[84,115696,137],{"class":98},[84,115698,37128],{"class":146},[84,115700,150],{"class":98},[84,115702,115703],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115704,115705],{"class":4517},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115707,62923,115708,62996,115711,7470],{},[15,115709,115710],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115712,96804],{},[70,115714,115716,11427,115718],{"id":115715},"update-vs-union",[15,115717,15797],{},[15,115719,103400],{},[20,115721,115722],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[995,115724,115725],{"id":31306},[15,115726,15797],{},[30,115728,115729,115732],{},[33,115730,115731],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,115733,12268,115734],{},[15,115735,4630],{},[75,115737,115739],{"className":77,"code":115738,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115740,115741,115757,115773,115777,115791,115801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115742,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115744,3410],{"class":90},[84,115746,95],{"class":94},[84,115748,11332],{"class":98},[84,115750,103],{"class":102},[84,115752,106],{"class":98},[84,115754,109],{"class":102},[84,115756,10149],{"class":98},[84,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115760,3437],{"class":90},[84,115762,95],{"class":94},[84,115764,11332],{"class":98},[84,115766,199],{"class":102},[84,115768,106],{"class":98},[84,115770,114],{"class":102},[84,115772,10149],{"class":98},[84,115774,115775],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115776,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115778,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115780,303],{"class":90},[84,115782,307],{"class":98},[84,115784,31306],{"class":146},[84,115786,137],{"class":98},[84,115788,5608],{"class":146},[84,115790,150],{"class":98},[84,115792,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115794,156],{"class":133},[84,115796,137],{"class":98},[84,115798,303],{"class":146},[84,115800,150],{"class":98},[84,115802,115803],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,115804,115332],{"class":4517},[995,115806,115807],{"id":111870},[15,115808,103400],{},[30,115810,115811,115813],{},[33,115812,101938],{},[33,115814,101941],{},[75,115816,115818],{"className":77,"code":115817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115819,115820,115836,115852,115856,115874,115884,115888,115898],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115821,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115823,3410],{"class":90},[84,115825,95],{"class":94},[84,115827,11332],{"class":98},[84,115829,103],{"class":102},[84,115831,106],{"class":98},[84,115833,109],{"class":102},[84,115835,10149],{"class":98},[84,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115839,3437],{"class":90},[84,115841,95],{"class":94},[84,115843,11332],{"class":98},[84,115845,199],{"class":102},[84,115847,106],{"class":98},[84,115849,114],{"class":102},[84,115851,10149],{"class":98},[84,115853,115854],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115855,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115857,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115859,83784],{"class":90},[84,115861,95],{"class":94},[84,115863,57703],{"class":90},[84,115865,307],{"class":98},[84,115867,111870],{"class":146},[84,115869,137],{"class":98},[84,115871,5608],{"class":146},[84,115873,150],{"class":98},[84,115875,115876,115878,115880,115882],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115877,156],{"class":133},[84,115879,137],{"class":98},[84,115881,10580],{"class":146},[84,115883,150],{"class":98},[84,115885,115886],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,115887,115332],{"class":4517},[84,115889,115890,115892,115894,115896],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,115891,156],{"class":133},[84,115893,137],{"class":98},[84,115895,303],{"class":146},[84,115897,150],{"class":98},[84,115899,115900],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,115901,115902],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115904,108286,115905,115907,115908,115912],{},[15,115906,15797],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[303,115909,115910],{"href":103397},[15,115911,103400],{}," when you want a new set.",[70,115914,115916],{"id":115915},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115918,11590,115919,307],{},[15,115920,97915],{},[995,115922,115924],{"id":115923},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115926,115927],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[75,115929,115931],{"className":77,"code":115930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115932,115933,115949,115971,115975,115985],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,115934,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,115936,16472],{"class":90},[84,115938,95],{"class":94},[84,115940,11332],{"class":98},[84,115942,103],{"class":102},[84,115944,106],{"class":98},[84,115946,109],{"class":102},[84,115948,10149],{"class":98},[84,115950,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,115952,128],{"class":90},[84,115954,95],{"class":94},[84,115956,97525],{"class":90},[84,115958,307],{"class":98},[84,115960,31306],{"class":146},[84,115962,3845],{"class":98},[84,115964,208],{"class":102},[84,115966,106],{"class":98},[84,115968,119],{"class":102},[84,115970,4737],{"class":98},[84,115972,115973],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,115974,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,115976,115977,115979,115981,115983],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,115978,156],{"class":133},[84,115980,137],{"class":98},[84,115982,166],{"class":146},[84,115984,150],{"class":98},[84,115986,115987],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,115988,62648],{"class":4517},[20,115990,115991,115992,3743],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115993,15797],{},[75,115995,115997],{"className":77,"code":115996,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115998,115999,116015,116033,116037,116047],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116002,16472],{"class":90},[84,116004,95],{"class":94},[84,116006,11332],{"class":98},[84,116008,103],{"class":102},[84,116010,106],{"class":98},[84,116012,109],{"class":102},[84,116014,10149],{"class":98},[84,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116018,16510],{"class":90},[84,116020,307],{"class":98},[84,116022,31306],{"class":146},[84,116024,3845],{"class":98},[84,116026,208],{"class":102},[84,116028,106],{"class":98},[84,116030,119],{"class":102},[84,116032,4737],{"class":98},[84,116034,116035],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116036,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116038,116039,116041,116043,116045],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116040,156],{"class":133},[84,116042,137],{"class":98},[84,116044,16510],{"class":146},[84,116046,150],{"class":98},[84,116048,116049],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116050,114631],{"class":4517},[995,116052,116054],{"id":116053},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,116056,3693],{},[75,116058,116060],{"className":77,"code":116059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,116061,116062,116078],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116063,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116065,16472],{"class":90},[84,116067,95],{"class":94},[84,116069,11332],{"class":98},[84,116071,103],{"class":102},[84,116073,106],{"class":98},[84,116075,109],{"class":102},[84,116077,10149],{"class":98},[84,116079,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116081,16510],{"class":90},[84,116083,307],{"class":98},[84,116085,31306],{"class":146},[84,116087,137],{"class":98},[84,116089,3000],{"class":102},[84,116091,150],{"class":98},[20,116093,63102,116094,9440,116096,116098],{},[15,116095,3864],{},[15,116097,3000],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,116100,7393],{},[75,116102,116104],{"className":77,"code":116103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,116105,116106,116122,116136,116140,116150],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116107,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116109,16472],{"class":90},[84,116111,95],{"class":94},[84,116113,11332],{"class":98},[84,116115,103],{"class":102},[84,116117,106],{"class":98},[84,116119,109],{"class":102},[84,116121,10149],{"class":98},[84,116123,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116125,16510],{"class":90},[84,116127,307],{"class":98},[84,116129,31306],{"class":146},[84,116131,3845],{"class":98},[84,116133,3000],{"class":102},[84,116135,4737],{"class":98},[84,116137,116138],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116139,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116141,116142,116144,116146,116148],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116143,156],{"class":133},[84,116145,137],{"class":98},[84,116147,16510],{"class":146},[84,116149,150],{"class":98},[84,116151,116152],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116153,116154],{"class":4517},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116156,46730,116157,307],{},[303,116158,26519,116159],{"href":53416},[15,116160,116161],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[995,116163,116165],{"id":116164},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116167,116168],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[75,116170,116172],{"className":77,"code":116171,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116173,116174,116190,116216,116220,116230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116175,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116177,16472],{"class":90},[84,116179,95],{"class":94},[84,116181,11332],{"class":98},[84,116183,103],{"class":102},[84,116185,106],{"class":98},[84,116187,109],{"class":102},[84,116189,10149],{"class":98},[84,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116193,16510],{"class":90},[84,116195,307],{"class":98},[84,116197,31306],{"class":146},[84,116199,3845],{"class":98},[84,116201,199],{"class":102},[84,116203,106],{"class":98},[84,116205,109],{"class":102},[84,116207,106],{"class":98},[84,116209,109],{"class":102},[84,116211,106],{"class":98},[84,116213,114],{"class":102},[84,116215,4737],{"class":98},[84,116217,116218],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116219,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116221,116222,116224,116226,116228],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116223,156],{"class":133},[84,116225,137],{"class":98},[84,116227,16510],{"class":146},[84,116229,150],{"class":98},[84,116231,116232],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116233,115332],{"class":4517},[995,116235,116237,116238,45447,116240,116242],{"id":116236},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116239,15797],{},[15,116241,96804],{}," is better",[20,116244,116245,116246,116248],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116247,96804],{}," is usually the better choice.",[75,116250,116252],{"className":77,"code":116251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116253,116254,116270,116288,116292,116302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116255,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116257,16472],{"class":90},[84,116259,95],{"class":94},[84,116261,11332],{"class":98},[84,116263,3711],{"class":185},[84,116265,58943],{"class":189},[84,116267,3711],{"class":185},[84,116269,10149],{"class":98},[84,116271,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116273,16510],{"class":90},[84,116275,307],{"class":98},[84,116277,2349],{"class":146},[84,116279,137],{"class":98},[84,116281,3711],{"class":185},[84,116283,37884],{"class":189},[84,116285,3711],{"class":185},[84,116287,150],{"class":98},[84,116289,116290],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116291,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116293,116294,116296,116298,116300],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116295,156],{"class":133},[84,116297,137],{"class":98},[84,116299,16510],{"class":146},[84,116301,150],{"class":98},[84,116303,116304],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116305,115492],{"class":4517},[70,116307,2694],{"id":2693},[995,116309,2698,116311,97894],{"id":116310},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116312,97915],{},[20,116314,97897,116315,307],{},[15,116316,4630],{},[995,116318,29169,116319,33068],{"id":33065},[15,116320,15797],{},[20,116322,116323],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[995,116325,6024,116327,5241,116329,3348],{"id":116326},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116328,96804],{},[15,116330,15797],{},[20,116332,116333,116335,116336,116338],{},[15,116334,96804],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116337,15797],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[995,116340,116342],{"id":116341},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116344,116345,116346,115341],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116347,15797],{},[995,116349,116351],{"id":116350},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116353,224,116354,11935,116356,307],{},[15,116355,103400],{},[15,116357,15797],{},[70,116359,2751],{"id":2750},[30,116361,116362,116369,116376,116382,116388],{},[33,116363,116364],{},[303,116365,116366],{"href":99101},[15,116367,116368],{},"Python set add() method",[33,116370,116371],{},[303,116372,116373],{"href":103397},[15,116374,116375],{},"Python set union() method",[33,116377,116378],{},[303,116379,116380],{"href":98484},[15,116381,97939],{},[33,116383,116384],{},[303,116385,116386],{"href":99678},[15,116387,100945],{},[33,116389,116390],{},[303,116391,116392,116394],{"href":53416},[15,116393,116161],{}," fix",[20,116396,116397,116398,116400,116401,116403],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116399,96809],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116402,108644],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2785,116405,116406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":116408},[116409,116410,116412,116413,116414,116415,116416,116417,116419,116424,116431,116440],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":114639,"depth":125,"text":116411},"What set.update() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":22812,"depth":125,"text":22813},{"id":115025,"depth":125,"text":115026},{"id":115128,"depth":125,"text":115129},{"id":115335,"depth":125,"text":115336},{"id":115495,"depth":125,"text":116418},"update() vs add()",{"id":115715,"depth":125,"text":116420,"children":116421},"update() vs union()",[116422,116423],{"id":31306,"depth":153,"text":15797},{"id":111870,"depth":153,"text":103400},{"id":115915,"depth":125,"text":115916,"children":116425},[116426,116427,116428,116429],{"id":115923,"depth":153,"text":115924},{"id":116053,"depth":153,"text":116054},{"id":116164,"depth":153,"text":116165},{"id":116236,"depth":153,"text":116430},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":116432},[116433,116435,116436,116438,116439],{"id":116310,"depth":153,"text":116434},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":33065,"depth":153,"text":33138},{"id":116326,"depth":153,"text":116437},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116341,"depth":153,"text":116342},{"id":116350,"depth":153,"text":116351},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114551,"description":116441},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116447,"title":116448,"body":116449,"description":118215,"extension":2830,"meta":118216,"navigation":472,"path":14634,"seo":118217,"stem":118218,"__hash__":118219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116450,"toc":118190},[116451,116454,116457,116460,116471,116479,116482,116484,116633,116645,116649,116666,116670,116678,116680,116691,116693,116790,116796,116799,116895,116904,116909,116913,116918,116920,116930,116932,117041,117049,117053,117056,117059,117076,117082,117162,117165,117169,117172,117176,117179,117238,117241,117245,117248,117340,117344,117347,117454,117458,117464,117492,117494,117576,117586,117590,117593,117604,117607,117692,117695,117700,117704,117707,117718,117721,117863,117866,117870,117873,117887,117890,117951,117957,117959,117962,117984,117987,118087,118090,118122,118124,118128,118131,118133,118136,118140,118143,118147,118150,118154,118157,118159,118187],[10,116452,116448],{"id":116453},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116455,116456],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116458,116459],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,116461,116462,116465,116468],{},[33,116463,116464],{},"a list inside another list",[33,116466,116467],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,116469,116470],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116472,100867,116473,5241,116475,116478],{},[53,116474,13693],{},[53,116476,116477],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116480,116481],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[70,116483,73],{"id":72},[75,116485,116487],{"className":77,"code":116486,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116488,116489,116496,116500,116526,116546,116566,116570,116588,116592,116605,116619],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116490,116491,116493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116492,35927],{"class":633},[84,116494,116495],{"class":90}," copy\n",[84,116497,116498],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116499,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116501,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116503,12929],{"class":90},[84,116505,95],{"class":94},[84,116507,57109],{"class":98},[84,116509,103],{"class":102},[84,116511,106],{"class":98},[84,116513,109],{"class":102},[84,116515,18903],{"class":98},[84,116517,99],{"class":98},[84,116519,208],{"class":102},[84,116521,106],{"class":98},[84,116523,119],{"class":102},[84,116525,54059],{"class":98},[84,116527,116528,116531,116533,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116529,116530],{"class":90},"shallow ",[84,116532,95],{"class":94},[84,116534,116535],{"class":90}," copy",[84,116537,307],{"class":98},[84,116539,13754],{"class":146},[84,116541,137],{"class":98},[84,116543,12976],{"class":146},[84,116545,150],{"class":98},[84,116547,116548,116551,116553,116555,116557,116560,116562,116564],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116549,116550],{"class":90},"deep ",[84,116552,95],{"class":94},[84,116554,116535],{"class":90},[84,116556,307],{"class":98},[84,116558,116559],{"class":146},"deepcopy",[84,116561,137],{"class":98},[84,116563,12976],{"class":146},[84,116565,150],{"class":98},[84,116567,116568],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,116569,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116571,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,116573,12976],{"class":90},[84,116575,182],{"class":98},[84,116577,2983],{"class":102},[84,116579,14394],{"class":98},[84,116581,14397],{"class":146},[84,116583,137],{"class":98},[84,116585,57162],{"class":102},[84,116587,150],{"class":98},[84,116589,116590],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,116591,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116593,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,116595,156],{"class":133},[84,116597,137],{"class":98},[84,116599,12976],{"class":146},[84,116601,1970],{"class":98},[84,116603,116604],{"class":4517},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[84,116606,116607,116609,116611,116614,116616],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,116608,156],{"class":133},[84,116610,137],{"class":98},[84,116612,116613],{"class":146},"shallow",[84,116615,1970],{"class":98},[84,116617,116618],{"class":4517},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[84,116620,116621,116623,116625,116628,116630],{"class":86,"line":12438},[84,116622,156],{"class":133},[84,116624,137],{"class":98},[84,116626,116627],{"class":146},"deep",[84,116629,1970],{"class":98},[84,116631,116632],{"class":4517},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116634,224,116635,116638,116639,5241,116641,116644],{},[15,116636,116637],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[53,116640,13693],{},[15,116642,116643],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[70,116646,116648],{"id":116647},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,116650,116651,116654,116657,116660,116663],{},[33,116652,116653],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,116655,116656],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,116658,116659],{},"How deep copy works",[33,116661,116662],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,116664,116665],{},"When to use each approach",[70,116667,116669],{"id":116668},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116671,16032,116672,116674,116675,116677],{},[53,116673,13693],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[53,116676,55],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116679,2970],{},[30,116681,116682,116685,116688],{},[33,116683,116684],{},"the outer container is new",[33,116686,116687],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,116689,116690],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116692,814],{},[75,116694,116696],{"className":77,"code":116695,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116697,116698,116724,116738,116742,116760,116764,116777],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116699,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116701,12929],{"class":90},[84,116703,95],{"class":94},[84,116705,57109],{"class":98},[84,116707,103],{"class":102},[84,116709,106],{"class":98},[84,116711,109],{"class":102},[84,116713,18903],{"class":98},[84,116715,99],{"class":98},[84,116717,208],{"class":102},[84,116719,106],{"class":98},[84,116721,119],{"class":102},[84,116723,54059],{"class":98},[84,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116727,15155],{"class":90},[84,116729,95],{"class":94},[84,116731,13004],{"class":90},[84,116733,307],{"class":98},[84,116735,13754],{"class":146},[84,116737,9482],{"class":98},[84,116739,116740],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116741,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116743,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116745,15174],{"class":90},[84,116747,307],{"class":98},[84,116749,14397],{"class":146},[84,116751,3845],{"class":98},[84,116753,3000],{"class":102},[84,116755,106],{"class":98},[84,116757,733],{"class":102},[84,116759,4737],{"class":98},[84,116761,116762],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116763,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116765,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,116767,156],{"class":133},[84,116769,137],{"class":98},[84,116771,12976],{"class":146},[84,116773,1970],{"class":98},[84,116775,116776],{"class":4517},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[84,116778,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,116780,156],{"class":133},[84,116782,137],{"class":98},[84,116784,15174],{"class":146},[84,116786,1970],{"class":98},[84,116788,116789],{"class":4517},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116791,116792,116793,116795],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116794,15174],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116797,116798],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[75,116800,116802],{"className":77,"code":116801,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116803,116804,116830,116844,116848,116866,116870,116882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116805,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116807,12929],{"class":90},[84,116809,95],{"class":94},[84,116811,57109],{"class":98},[84,116813,103],{"class":102},[84,116815,106],{"class":98},[84,116817,109],{"class":102},[84,116819,18903],{"class":98},[84,116821,99],{"class":98},[84,116823,208],{"class":102},[84,116825,106],{"class":98},[84,116827,119],{"class":102},[84,116829,54059],{"class":98},[84,116831,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840,116842],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116833,15155],{"class":90},[84,116835,95],{"class":94},[84,116837,13004],{"class":90},[84,116839,307],{"class":98},[84,116841,13754],{"class":146},[84,116843,9482],{"class":98},[84,116845,116846],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116847,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116851,15174],{"class":90},[84,116853,182],{"class":98},[84,116855,2983],{"class":102},[84,116857,14394],{"class":98},[84,116859,14397],{"class":146},[84,116861,137],{"class":98},[84,116863,57162],{"class":102},[84,116865,150],{"class":98},[84,116867,116868],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116869,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116871,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,116873,156],{"class":133},[84,116875,137],{"class":98},[84,116877,12976],{"class":146},[84,116879,1970],{"class":98},[84,116881,116604],{"class":4517},[84,116883,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,116885,156],{"class":133},[84,116887,137],{"class":98},[84,116889,15174],{"class":146},[84,116891,1970],{"class":98},[84,116893,116894],{"class":4517},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116896,116897,116898,5241,116900,116903],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116899,57266],{},[15,116901,116902],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116905,116906,116907,307],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[303,116908,44754],{"href":12908},[70,116910,116912],{"id":116911},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116914,16032,116915,116917],{},[53,116916,116477],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116919,2970],{},[30,116921,116922,116924,116927],{},[33,116923,116684],{},[33,116925,116926],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116928,116929],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116931,814],{},[75,116933,116935],{"className":77,"code":116934,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116936,116937,116943,116947,116973,116991,116995,117013,117017,117029],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,116938,116939,116941],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,116940,35927],{"class":633},[84,116942,116495],{"class":90},[84,116944,116945],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,116946,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116948,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,116950,12929],{"class":90},[84,116952,95],{"class":94},[84,116954,57109],{"class":98},[84,116956,103],{"class":102},[84,116958,106],{"class":98},[84,116960,109],{"class":102},[84,116962,18903],{"class":98},[84,116964,99],{"class":98},[84,116966,208],{"class":102},[84,116968,106],{"class":98},[84,116970,119],{"class":102},[84,116972,54059],{"class":98},[84,116974,116975,116977,116979,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,116976,15155],{"class":90},[84,116978,95],{"class":94},[84,116980,116535],{"class":90},[84,116982,307],{"class":98},[84,116984,116559],{"class":146},[84,116986,137],{"class":98},[84,116988,12976],{"class":146},[84,116990,150],{"class":98},[84,116992,116993],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,116994,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,116996,116997,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,116998,15174],{"class":90},[84,117000,182],{"class":98},[84,117002,2983],{"class":102},[84,117004,14394],{"class":98},[84,117006,14397],{"class":146},[84,117008,137],{"class":98},[84,117010,57162],{"class":102},[84,117012,150],{"class":98},[84,117014,117015],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117016,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117018,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,117020,156],{"class":133},[84,117022,137],{"class":98},[84,117024,12976],{"class":146},[84,117026,1970],{"class":98},[84,117028,116776],{"class":4517},[84,117030,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,117032,156],{"class":133},[84,117034,137],{"class":98},[84,117036,15174],{"class":146},[84,117038,1970],{"class":98},[84,117040,116894],{"class":4517},[20,117042,117043,117044,117046,117047,307],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,117045,116902],{}," does not change ",[15,117048,57266],{},[70,117050,117052],{"id":117051},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,117054,117055],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,117057,117058],{},"Common reasons:",[30,117060,117061,117064,117067,117073],{},[33,117062,117063],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,117065,117066],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,117068,117069,117070,117072],{},"Assignment with ",[15,117071,95],{}," does not make a copy",[33,117074,117075],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,117077,117078,117079,117081],{},"For example, this does ",[53,117080,55],{}," create a copy:",[75,117083,117085],{"className":77,"code":117084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117086,117087,117107,117115,117119,117133,117137,117149],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117088,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117090,12929],{"class":90},[84,117092,95],{"class":94},[84,117094,99],{"class":98},[84,117096,103],{"class":102},[84,117098,106],{"class":98},[84,117100,109],{"class":102},[84,117102,106],{"class":98},[84,117104,114],{"class":102},[84,117106,122],{"class":98},[84,117108,117109,117111,117113],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117110,15155],{"class":90},[84,117112,95],{"class":94},[84,117114,12967],{"class":90},[84,117116,117117],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117118,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117122,15174],{"class":90},[84,117124,307],{"class":98},[84,117126,14397],{"class":146},[84,117128,137],{"class":98},[84,117130,217],{"class":102},[84,117132,150],{"class":98},[84,117134,117135],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117136,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117138,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117140,156],{"class":133},[84,117142,137],{"class":98},[84,117144,12976],{"class":146},[84,117146,1970],{"class":98},[84,117148,56516],{"class":4517},[84,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117152,156],{"class":133},[84,117154,137],{"class":98},[84,117156,15174],{"class":146},[84,117158,1970],{"class":98},[84,117160,117161],{"class":4517},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117163,117164],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[70,117166,117168],{"id":117167},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117170,117171],{},"These three ideas are different.",[995,117173,117175],{"id":117174},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117177,117178],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[75,117180,117182],{"className":77,"code":117181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117183,117184,117210,117218,117222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117185,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117187,12929],{"class":90},[84,117189,95],{"class":94},[84,117191,57109],{"class":98},[84,117193,103],{"class":102},[84,117195,106],{"class":98},[84,117197,109],{"class":102},[84,117199,18903],{"class":98},[84,117201,99],{"class":98},[84,117203,208],{"class":102},[84,117205,106],{"class":98},[84,117207,119],{"class":102},[84,117209,54059],{"class":98},[84,117211,117212,117214,117216],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117213,14946],{"class":90},[84,117215,95],{"class":94},[84,117217,12967],{"class":90},[84,117219,117220],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117221,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117223,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117225,156],{"class":133},[84,117227,137],{"class":98},[84,117229,12929],{"class":146},[84,117231,13037],{"class":633},[84,117233,15014],{"class":146},[84,117235,1970],{"class":98},[84,117237,4518],{"class":4517},[20,117239,117240],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[995,117242,117244],{"id":117243},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117246,117247],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[75,117249,117251],{"className":77,"code":117250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117252,117253,117279,117293,117297,117314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117254,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117256,12929],{"class":90},[84,117258,95],{"class":94},[84,117260,57109],{"class":98},[84,117262,103],{"class":102},[84,117264,106],{"class":98},[84,117266,109],{"class":102},[84,117268,18903],{"class":98},[84,117270,99],{"class":98},[84,117272,208],{"class":102},[84,117274,106],{"class":98},[84,117276,119],{"class":102},[84,117278,54059],{"class":98},[84,117280,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117282,116530],{"class":90},[84,117284,95],{"class":94},[84,117286,13004],{"class":90},[84,117288,307],{"class":98},[84,117290,13754],{"class":146},[84,117292,9482],{"class":98},[84,117294,117295],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117296,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117298,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117310,117312],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117300,156],{"class":133},[84,117302,137],{"class":98},[84,117304,12929],{"class":146},[84,117306,13037],{"class":633},[84,117308,117309],{"class":146}," shallow",[84,117311,1970],{"class":98},[84,117313,22043],{"class":4517},[84,117315,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117317,156],{"class":133},[84,117319,137],{"class":98},[84,117321,12976],{"class":146},[84,117323,182],{"class":98},[84,117325,2983],{"class":102},[84,117327,14117],{"class":98},[84,117329,8935],{"class":633},[84,117331,117309],{"class":146},[84,117333,182],{"class":98},[84,117335,2983],{"class":102},[84,117337,21288],{"class":98},[84,117339,4518],{"class":4517},[995,117341,117343],{"id":117342},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117345,117346],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[75,117348,117350],{"className":77,"code":117349,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117351,117352,117358,117362,117388,117406,117410,117428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117353,117354,117356],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117355,35927],{"class":633},[84,117357,116495],{"class":90},[84,117359,117360],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117361,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117363,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380,117382,117384,117386],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117365,12929],{"class":90},[84,117367,95],{"class":94},[84,117369,57109],{"class":98},[84,117371,103],{"class":102},[84,117373,106],{"class":98},[84,117375,109],{"class":102},[84,117377,18903],{"class":98},[84,117379,99],{"class":98},[84,117381,208],{"class":102},[84,117383,106],{"class":98},[84,117385,119],{"class":102},[84,117387,54059],{"class":98},[84,117389,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117391,116550],{"class":90},[84,117393,95],{"class":94},[84,117395,116535],{"class":90},[84,117397,307],{"class":98},[84,117399,116559],{"class":146},[84,117401,137],{"class":98},[84,117403,12976],{"class":146},[84,117405,150],{"class":98},[84,117407,117408],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117409,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117411,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420,117423,117425],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117413,156],{"class":133},[84,117415,137],{"class":98},[84,117417,12929],{"class":146},[84,117419,13037],{"class":633},[84,117421,117422],{"class":146}," deep",[84,117424,1970],{"class":98},[84,117426,117427],{"class":4517},"         # False\n",[84,117429,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117431,156],{"class":133},[84,117433,137],{"class":98},[84,117435,12976],{"class":146},[84,117437,182],{"class":98},[84,117439,2983],{"class":102},[84,117441,14117],{"class":98},[84,117443,8935],{"class":633},[84,117445,117422],{"class":146},[84,117447,182],{"class":98},[84,117449,2983],{"class":102},[84,117451,21288],{"class":98},[84,117453,44690],{"class":4517},[70,117455,117457],{"id":117456},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117459,117460,117461,3743],{},"These all make ",[53,117462,117463],{},"shallow copies",[30,117465,117466,117470,117474,117479,117485],{},[33,117467,117468],{},[15,117469,56416],{},[33,117471,117472],{},[15,117473,13278],{},[33,117475,117476],{},[15,117477,117478],{},"set.copy()",[33,117480,117481,117482],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117483,117484],{},"my_list[:]",[33,117486,117487,117489,117490,35917],{},[15,117488,116637],{}," from the ",[15,117491,13754],{},[20,117493,2989],{},[75,117495,117497],{"className":77,"code":117496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117498,117499,117519,117523,117537,117548,117552,117564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117500,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117502,91],{"class":90},[84,117504,95],{"class":94},[84,117506,99],{"class":98},[84,117508,103],{"class":102},[84,117510,106],{"class":98},[84,117512,109],{"class":102},[84,117514,106],{"class":98},[84,117516,114],{"class":102},[84,117518,122],{"class":98},[84,117520,117521],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117522,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117524,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117526,3410],{"class":90},[84,117528,95],{"class":94},[84,117530,147],{"class":90},[84,117532,307],{"class":98},[84,117534,13754],{"class":146},[84,117536,9482],{"class":98},[84,117538,117539,117541,117543,117545],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117540,3437],{"class":90},[84,117542,95],{"class":94},[84,117544,147],{"class":90},[84,117546,117547],{"class":98},"[:]\n",[84,117549,117550],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117551,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117553,117554,117556,117558,117560,117562],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117555,156],{"class":133},[84,117557,137],{"class":98},[84,117559,303],{"class":146},[84,117561,1970],{"class":98},[84,117563,55748],{"class":4517},[84,117565,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117567,156],{"class":133},[84,117569,137],{"class":98},[84,117571,5608],{"class":146},[84,117573,1970],{"class":98},[84,117575,55748],{"class":4517},[20,117577,73954,117578,48349,117582,307],{},[303,117579,117580,11583],{"href":55776},[15,117581,56416],{},[303,117583,117584,11583],{"href":13275},[15,117585,13278],{},[70,117587,117589],{"id":117588},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117591,117592],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,117594,117595,117598,117601],{},[33,117596,117597],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,117599,117600],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,117602,117603],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117605,117606],{},"Example with a flat list:",[75,117608,117610],{"className":77,"code":117609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117611,117612,117632,117646,117650,117664,117668,117680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117613,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117615,12929],{"class":90},[84,117617,95],{"class":94},[84,117619,99],{"class":98},[84,117621,103],{"class":102},[84,117623,106],{"class":98},[84,117625,109],{"class":102},[84,117627,106],{"class":98},[84,117629,114],{"class":102},[84,117631,122],{"class":98},[84,117633,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117635,15155],{"class":90},[84,117637,95],{"class":94},[84,117639,13004],{"class":90},[84,117641,307],{"class":98},[84,117643,13754],{"class":146},[84,117645,9482],{"class":98},[84,117647,117648],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117649,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117651,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117653,15174],{"class":90},[84,117655,307],{"class":98},[84,117657,14397],{"class":146},[84,117659,137],{"class":98},[84,117661,217],{"class":102},[84,117663,150],{"class":98},[84,117665,117666],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117667,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117669,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117671,156],{"class":133},[84,117673,137],{"class":98},[84,117675,12976],{"class":146},[84,117677,1970],{"class":98},[84,117679,55748],{"class":4517},[84,117681,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117683,156],{"class":133},[84,117685,137],{"class":98},[84,117687,15174],{"class":146},[84,117689,1970],{"class":98},[84,117691,117161],{"class":4517},[20,117693,117694],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117696,117697,117698,307],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[303,117699,15732],{"href":58035},[70,117701,117703],{"id":117702},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117705,117706],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,117708,117709,117712,117715],{},[33,117710,117711],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,117713,117714],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,117716,117717],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117719,117720],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[75,117722,117724],{"className":77,"code":117723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117725,117726,117732,117736,117762,117776,117794,117798,117820,117824,117837,117850],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117727,117728,117730],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117729,35927],{"class":633},[84,117731,116495],{"class":90},[84,117733,117734],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117735,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117737,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117739,12929],{"class":90},[84,117741,95],{"class":94},[84,117743,11332],{"class":98},[84,117745,3711],{"class":185},[84,117747,17231],{"class":189},[84,117749,3711],{"class":185},[84,117751,3743],{"class":98},[84,117753,99],{"class":98},[84,117755,437],{"class":102},[84,117757,106],{"class":98},[84,117759,442],{"class":102},[84,117761,14550],{"class":98},[84,117763,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117765,116530],{"class":90},[84,117767,95],{"class":94},[84,117769,13004],{"class":90},[84,117771,307],{"class":98},[84,117773,13754],{"class":146},[84,117775,9482],{"class":98},[84,117777,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117779,116550],{"class":90},[84,117781,95],{"class":94},[84,117783,116535],{"class":90},[84,117785,307],{"class":98},[84,117787,116559],{"class":146},[84,117789,137],{"class":98},[84,117791,12976],{"class":146},[84,117793,150],{"class":98},[84,117795,117796],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117797,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117799,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117801,12976],{"class":90},[84,117803,182],{"class":98},[84,117805,3711],{"class":185},[84,117807,17231],{"class":189},[84,117809,3711],{"class":185},[84,117811,14394],{"class":98},[84,117813,14397],{"class":146},[84,117815,137],{"class":98},[84,117817,521],{"class":102},[84,117819,150],{"class":98},[84,117821,117822],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,117823,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117825,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,117827,156],{"class":133},[84,117829,137],{"class":98},[84,117831,12976],{"class":146},[84,117833,1970],{"class":98},[84,117835,117836],{"class":4517},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[84,117838,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847],{"class":86,"line":7275},[84,117840,156],{"class":133},[84,117842,137],{"class":98},[84,117844,116613],{"class":146},[84,117846,1970],{"class":98},[84,117848,117849],{"class":4517},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[84,117851,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860],{"class":86,"line":12438},[84,117853,156],{"class":133},[84,117855,137],{"class":98},[84,117857,116627],{"class":146},[84,117859,1970],{"class":98},[84,117861,117862],{"class":4517},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117864,117865],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[70,117867,117869],{"id":117868},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117871,117872],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117874,117875,117878,117881,117884],{},[33,117876,117877],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117879,117880],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117882,117883],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117885,117886],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117888,117889],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[75,117891,117893],{"className":77,"code":117892,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117894,117895,117903,117911,117915,117923,117927,117939],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117896,117897,117899,117901],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117898,3410],{"class":90},[84,117900,95],{"class":94},[84,117902,3442],{"class":102},[84,117904,117905,117907,117909],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,117906,3437],{"class":90},[84,117908,95],{"class":94},[84,117910,37013],{"class":90},[84,117912,117913],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,117914,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117916,117917,117919,117921],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,117918,3437],{"class":90},[84,117920,95],{"class":94},[84,117922,15458],{"class":102},[84,117924,117925],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,117926,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,117928,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,117930,156],{"class":133},[84,117932,137],{"class":98},[84,117934,303],{"class":146},[84,117936,1970],{"class":98},[84,117938,27635],{"class":4517},[84,117940,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,117942,156],{"class":133},[84,117944,137],{"class":98},[84,117946,5608],{"class":146},[84,117948,1970],{"class":98},[84,117950,28456],{"class":4517},[20,117952,94109,117953,117956],{},[303,117954,117955],{"href":12908},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[70,117958,3686],{"id":3685},[20,117960,117961],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117963,117964,117968,117973,117978,117981],{},[33,117965,595,117966,57599],{},[15,117967,95],{},[33,117969,595,117970,117972],{},[15,117971,56416],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117974,595,117975,117977],{},[15,117976,13278],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117979,117980],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117982,117983],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117985,117986],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[75,117988,117990],{"className":77,"code":117989,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117991,117992,118006,118020,118042,118073],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,117993,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,117995,156],{"class":133},[84,117997,137],{"class":98},[84,117999,12929],{"class":146},[84,118001,13037],{"class":633},[84,118003,15228],{"class":146},[84,118005,150],{"class":98},[84,118007,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118009,156],{"class":133},[84,118011,137],{"class":98},[84,118013,12929],{"class":146},[84,118015,5535],{"class":94},[84,118017,15228],{"class":146},[84,118019,150],{"class":98},[84,118021,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,118023,156],{"class":133},[84,118025,137],{"class":98},[84,118027,13493],{"class":133},[84,118029,137],{"class":98},[84,118031,12976],{"class":146},[84,118033,10073],{"class":98},[84,118035,15660],{"class":133},[84,118037,137],{"class":98},[84,118039,15174],{"class":146},[84,118041,169],{"class":98},[84,118043,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,118045,156],{"class":133},[84,118047,137],{"class":98},[84,118049,13493],{"class":133},[84,118051,137],{"class":98},[84,118053,12976],{"class":146},[84,118055,182],{"class":98},[84,118057,2983],{"class":102},[84,118059,118060],{"class":98},"]),",[84,118062,15660],{"class":133},[84,118064,137],{"class":98},[84,118066,15174],{"class":146},[84,118068,182],{"class":98},[84,118070,2983],{"class":102},[84,118072,3858],{"class":98},[84,118074,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,118076,156],{"class":133},[84,118078,137],{"class":98},[84,118080,2624],{"class":140},[84,118082,137],{"class":98},[84,118084,12976],{"class":146},[84,118086,169],{"class":98},[20,118088,118089],{},"What they tell you:",[30,118091,118092,118097,118102,118107,118117],{},[33,118093,118094,118096],{},[15,118095,13037],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,118098,118099,118101],{},[15,118100,5535],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,118103,118104,118106],{},[15,118105,44306],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,118108,118109,118110,5241,118113,118116],{},"comparing ",[15,118111,118112],{},"id(original[0])",[15,118114,118115],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,118118,118119,118121],{},[15,118120,3160],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[70,118123,2694],{"id":2693},[995,118125,118127],{"id":118126},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,118129,118130],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[995,118132,58085],{"id":58000},[20,118134,118135],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[995,118137,118139],{"id":118138},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,118141,118142],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[995,118144,118146],{"id":118145},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,118148,118149],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[995,118151,118153],{"id":118152},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118155,118156],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[70,118158,2751],{"id":2750},[30,118160,118161,118166,118172,118178,118182],{},[33,118162,118163],{},[303,118164,118165],{"href":12908},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,118167,118168],{},[303,118169,13,118170,11583],{"href":55776},[15,118171,56416],{},[33,118173,118174],{},[303,118175,13,118176,11583],{"href":13275},[15,118177,13278],{},[33,118179,118180],{},[303,118181,15808],{"href":58035},[33,118183,118184],{},[303,118185,118186],{"href":59310},"What is a list in Python?",[2785,118188,118189],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":118191},[118192,118193,118194,118195,118196,118197,118202,118203,118204,118205,118206,118207,118214],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":116647,"depth":125,"text":116648},{"id":116668,"depth":125,"text":116669},{"id":116911,"depth":125,"text":116912},{"id":117051,"depth":125,"text":117052},{"id":117167,"depth":125,"text":117168,"children":118198},[118199,118200,118201],{"id":117174,"depth":153,"text":117175},{"id":117243,"depth":153,"text":117244},{"id":117342,"depth":153,"text":117343},{"id":117456,"depth":125,"text":117457},{"id":117588,"depth":125,"text":117589},{"id":117702,"depth":125,"text":117703},{"id":117868,"depth":125,"text":117869},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":118208},[118209,118210,118211,118212,118213],{"id":118126,"depth":153,"text":118127},{"id":58000,"depth":153,"text":58085},{"id":118138,"depth":153,"text":118139},{"id":118145,"depth":153,"text":118146},{"id":118152,"depth":153,"text":118153},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116448,"description":118215},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118221,"title":118222,"body":118223,"description":120080,"extension":2830,"meta":120081,"navigation":472,"path":120082,"seo":120083,"stem":120084,"__hash__":120085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118224,"toc":120038},[118225,118230,118235,118243,118245,118313,118318,118323,118338,118341,118343,118374,118376,118396,118399,118414,118416,118419,118492,118494,118539,118541,118552,118557,118561,118566,118569,118608,118610,118630,118633,118690,118692,118727,118730,118769,118771,118791,118794,118825,118827,118883,118885,118890,118961,118963,118996,119001,119006,119071,119073,119110,119113,119190,119192,119252,119259,119264,119267,119270,119351,119353,119394,119399,119402,119480,119482,119515,119524,119531,119534,119545,119548,119559,119563,119571,119580,119584,119589,119593,119598,119641,119644,119650,119653,119655,119702,119707,119711,119714,119763,119765,119786,119789,119791,119816,119819,119940,119945,119947,119952,119955,119960,119963,119971,119976,119983,119986,119994,119997,119999,120035],[10,118226,13,118228,18],{"id":118227},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118229,75238],{},[20,118231,118232,118234],{},[15,118233,75238],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118236,118237,118238,362,118240,118242],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118239,78680],{},[15,118241,75238],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[70,118244,4464],{"id":4463},[75,118246,118248],{"className":77,"code":118247,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118249,118250,118270,118284,118288,118300],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118251,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118253,91],{"class":90},[84,118255,95],{"class":94},[84,118257,99],{"class":98},[84,118259,208],{"class":102},[84,118261,106],{"class":98},[84,118263,6341],{"class":102},[84,118265,106],{"class":98},[84,118267,109],{"class":102},[84,118269,122],{"class":98},[84,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118273,128],{"class":90},[84,118275,95],{"class":94},[84,118277,75372],{"class":133},[84,118279,137],{"class":98},[84,118281,535],{"class":146},[84,118283,150],{"class":98},[84,118285,118286],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,118287,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,118291,156],{"class":133},[84,118293,137],{"class":98},[84,118295,166],{"class":146},[84,118297,1970],{"class":98},[84,118299,56503],{"class":4517},[84,118301,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,118303,156],{"class":133},[84,118305,137],{"class":98},[84,118307,535],{"class":146},[84,118309,1970],{"class":98},[84,118311,118312],{"class":4517},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118314,118315,118317],{},[15,118316,75238],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[70,118319,235,118321,238],{"id":118320},"what-sorted-does",[15,118322,75238],{},[30,118324,118325,118329,118332,118335],{},[33,118326,118327,63743],{},[15,118328,75238],{},[33,118330,118331],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,118333,118334],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,118336,118337],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118339,118340],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[70,118342,311],{"id":310},[75,118344,118346],{"className":77,"code":118345,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118347,118348],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118349,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118351,75328],{"class":133},[84,118353,137],{"class":98},[84,118355,249],{"class":146},[84,118357,106],{"class":98},[84,118359,22422],{"class":10015},[84,118361,95],{"class":94},[84,118363,4630],{"class":4704},[84,118365,106],{"class":98},[84,118367,78883],{"class":10015},[84,118369,95],{"class":94},[84,118371,4528],{"class":4704},[84,118373,150],{"class":98},[995,118375,18235],{"id":18234},[30,118377,118378,118383,118388],{},[33,118379,118380,118382],{},[15,118381,249],{},": the values to sort",[33,118384,118385,118387],{},[15,118386,15685],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,118389,118390,118392,118393,118395],{},[15,118391,74391],{},": set to ",[15,118394,4459],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118397,118398],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[75,118400,118402],{"className":77,"code":118401,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118403,118404],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118405,118406,118408,118410,118412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118407,75328],{"class":133},[84,118409,137],{"class":98},[84,118411,61124],{"class":146},[84,118413,150],{"class":98},[70,118415,418],{"id":417},[20,118417,118418],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[75,118420,118422],{"className":77,"code":118421,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118423,118424,118448,118452,118467,118471,118482],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118425,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118427,91],{"class":90},[84,118429,95],{"class":94},[84,118431,99],{"class":98},[84,118433,3000],{"class":102},[84,118435,106],{"class":98},[84,118437,109],{"class":102},[84,118439,106],{"class":98},[84,118441,738],{"class":102},[84,118443,106],{"class":98},[84,118445,6341],{"class":102},[84,118447,122],{"class":98},[84,118449,118450],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118451,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,118453,118454,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,118455,118456],{"class":90},"sorted_numbers ",[84,118458,95],{"class":94},[84,118460,75372],{"class":133},[84,118462,137],{"class":98},[84,118464,535],{"class":146},[84,118466,150],{"class":98},[84,118468,118469],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,118470,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,118472,118473,118475,118477,118480],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,118474,156],{"class":133},[84,118476,137],{"class":98},[84,118478,118479],{"class":146},"sorted_numbers",[84,118481,150],{"class":98},[84,118483,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,118485,156],{"class":133},[84,118487,137],{"class":98},[84,118489,535],{"class":146},[84,118491,150],{"class":98},[20,118493,172],{},[75,118495,118497],{"className":77,"code":118496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118498,118499,118519],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118500,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118502,182],{"class":98},[84,118504,103],{"class":102},[84,118506,106],{"class":98},[84,118508,109],{"class":102},[84,118510,106],{"class":98},[84,118512,5452],{"class":102},[84,118514,106],{"class":98},[84,118516,738],{"class":102},[84,118518,122],{"class":98},[84,118520,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118522,182],{"class":98},[84,118524,3000],{"class":102},[84,118526,106],{"class":98},[84,118528,109],{"class":102},[84,118530,106],{"class":98},[84,118532,738],{"class":102},[84,118534,106],{"class":98},[84,118536,6341],{"class":102},[84,118538,122],{"class":98},[20,118540,14607],{},[30,118542,118543,118548],{},[33,118544,118545,118547],{},[15,118546,118479],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,118549,118550,113084],{},[15,118551,535],{},[20,118553,118554,118555,307],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[303,118556,79190],{"href":79189},[70,118558,118560],{"id":118559},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118562,118563,118565],{},[15,118564,75238],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[995,118567,118568],{"id":161},"List",[75,118570,118572],{"className":77,"code":118571,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118573,118574,118594],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118575,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118577,91],{"class":90},[84,118579,95],{"class":94},[84,118581,99],{"class":98},[84,118583,208],{"class":102},[84,118585,106],{"class":98},[84,118587,6341],{"class":102},[84,118589,106],{"class":98},[84,118591,109],{"class":102},[84,118593,122],{"class":98},[84,118595,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118597,156],{"class":133},[84,118599,137],{"class":98},[84,118601,75328],{"class":133},[84,118603,137],{"class":98},[84,118605,535],{"class":146},[84,118607,169],{"class":98},[20,118609,172],{},[75,118611,118612],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,118613,118614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118615,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118617,182],{"class":98},[84,118619,103],{"class":102},[84,118621,106],{"class":98},[84,118623,109],{"class":102},[84,118625,106],{"class":98},[84,118627,114],{"class":102},[84,118629,122],{"class":98},[995,118631,118632],{"id":49768},"Tuple",[75,118634,118636],{"className":77,"code":118635,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118637,118638,118658,118672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118639,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118641,1777],{"class":90},[84,118643,95],{"class":94},[84,118645,10076],{"class":98},[84,118647,208],{"class":102},[84,118649,106],{"class":98},[84,118651,6341],{"class":102},[84,118653,106],{"class":98},[84,118655,109],{"class":102},[84,118657,150],{"class":98},[84,118659,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118661,156],{"class":133},[84,118663,137],{"class":98},[84,118665,75328],{"class":133},[84,118667,137],{"class":98},[84,118669,6201],{"class":146},[84,118671,169],{"class":98},[84,118673,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,118675,156],{"class":133},[84,118677,137],{"class":98},[84,118679,2624],{"class":140},[84,118681,137],{"class":98},[84,118683,75328],{"class":133},[84,118685,137],{"class":98},[84,118687,6201],{"class":146},[84,118689,3771],{"class":98},[20,118691,172],{},[75,118693,118695],{"className":77,"code":118694,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118696,118697,118713],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118700,182],{"class":98},[84,118702,103],{"class":102},[84,118704,106],{"class":98},[84,118706,109],{"class":102},[84,118708,106],{"class":98},[84,118710,114],{"class":102},[84,118712,122],{"class":98},[84,118714,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118716,1251],{"class":94},[84,118718,4152],{"class":614},[84,118720,196],{"class":185},[84,118722,161],{"class":189},[84,118724,186],{"class":185},[84,118726,1270],{"class":94},[995,118728,118729],{"id":7129},"Set",[75,118731,118733],{"className":77,"code":118732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118734,118735,118755],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118736,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118738,1777],{"class":90},[84,118740,95],{"class":94},[84,118742,11332],{"class":98},[84,118744,208],{"class":102},[84,118746,106],{"class":98},[84,118748,6341],{"class":102},[84,118750,106],{"class":98},[84,118752,109],{"class":102},[84,118754,10149],{"class":98},[84,118756,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118758,156],{"class":133},[84,118760,137],{"class":98},[84,118762,75328],{"class":133},[84,118764,137],{"class":98},[84,118766,6201],{"class":146},[84,118768,169],{"class":98},[20,118770,172],{},[75,118772,118773],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,118774,118775],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118776,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118778,182],{"class":98},[84,118780,103],{"class":102},[84,118782,106],{"class":98},[84,118784,109],{"class":102},[84,118786,106],{"class":98},[84,118788,114],{"class":102},[84,118790,122],{"class":98},[995,118792,118793],{"id":61991},"String",[75,118795,118797],{"className":77,"code":118796,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118798,118799,118811],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118800,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118802,35526],{"class":90},[84,118804,95],{"class":94},[84,118806,4211],{"class":185},[84,118808,79],{"class":189},[84,118810,4217],{"class":185},[84,118812,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118814,156],{"class":133},[84,118816,137],{"class":98},[84,118818,75328],{"class":133},[84,118820,137],{"class":98},[84,118822,35547],{"class":146},[84,118824,169],{"class":98},[20,118826,172],{},[75,118828,118829],{"className":77,"code":80207,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,118830,118831],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118832,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118834,182],{"class":98},[84,118836,186],{"class":185},[84,118838,61255],{"class":189},[84,118840,186],{"class":185},[84,118842,106],{"class":98},[84,118844,196],{"class":185},[84,118846,1967],{"class":189},[84,118848,186],{"class":185},[84,118850,106],{"class":98},[84,118852,196],{"class":185},[84,118854,61290],{"class":189},[84,118856,186],{"class":185},[84,118858,106],{"class":98},[84,118860,196],{"class":185},[84,118862,20],{"class":189},[84,118864,186],{"class":185},[84,118866,106],{"class":98},[84,118868,196],{"class":185},[84,118870,64104],{"class":189},[84,118872,186],{"class":185},[84,118874,106],{"class":98},[84,118876,196],{"class":185},[84,118878,12588],{"class":189},[84,118880,186],{"class":185},[84,118882,122],{"class":98},[995,118884,30064],{"id":16448},[20,118886,64357,118887,118889],{},[15,118888,75238],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[75,118891,118893],{"className":77,"code":118892,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118894,118895,118947],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118896,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118898,14048],{"class":90},[84,118900,95],{"class":94},[84,118902,11332],{"class":98},[84,118904,3711],{"class":185},[84,118906,8508],{"class":189},[84,118908,3711],{"class":185},[84,118910,3743],{"class":98},[84,118912,4211],{"class":185},[84,118914,13723],{"class":189},[84,118916,3711],{"class":185},[84,118918,106],{"class":98},[84,118920,4211],{"class":185},[84,118922,10139],{"class":189},[84,118924,3711],{"class":185},[84,118926,3743],{"class":98},[84,118928,442],{"class":102},[84,118930,106],{"class":98},[84,118932,4211],{"class":185},[84,118934,11250],{"class":189},[84,118936,3711],{"class":185},[84,118938,3743],{"class":98},[84,118940,4211],{"class":185},[84,118942,16873],{"class":189},[84,118944,3711],{"class":185},[84,118946,10149],{"class":98},[84,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,118950,156],{"class":133},[84,118952,137],{"class":98},[84,118954,75328],{"class":133},[84,118956,137],{"class":98},[84,118958,18147],{"class":146},[84,118960,169],{"class":98},[20,118962,172],{},[75,118964,118966],{"className":77,"code":118965,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118967,118968],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,118969,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,118971,182],{"class":98},[84,118973,186],{"class":185},[84,118975,10139],{"class":189},[84,118977,186],{"class":185},[84,118979,106],{"class":98},[84,118981,196],{"class":185},[84,118983,11250],{"class":189},[84,118985,186],{"class":185},[84,118987,106],{"class":98},[84,118989,196],{"class":185},[84,118991,8508],{"class":189},[84,118993,186],{"class":185},[84,118995,122],{"class":98},[70,118997,595,118999],{"id":118998},"using-reversetrue",[15,119000,78904],{},[20,119002,224,119003,119005],{},[15,119004,78904],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[75,119007,119009],{"className":77,"code":119008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,119010,119011,119031,119035,119049],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119012,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119014,91],{"class":90},[84,119016,95],{"class":94},[84,119018,99],{"class":98},[84,119020,208],{"class":102},[84,119022,106],{"class":98},[84,119024,6341],{"class":102},[84,119026,106],{"class":98},[84,119028,109],{"class":102},[84,119030,122],{"class":98},[84,119032,119033],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119034,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,119036,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119038,156],{"class":133},[84,119040,137],{"class":98},[84,119042,75328],{"class":133},[84,119044,137],{"class":98},[84,119046,535],{"class":146},[84,119048,169],{"class":98},[84,119050,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119052,156],{"class":133},[84,119054,137],{"class":98},[84,119056,75328],{"class":133},[84,119058,137],{"class":98},[84,119060,535],{"class":146},[84,119062,106],{"class":98},[84,119064,78883],{"class":10015},[84,119066,95],{"class":94},[84,119068,4459],{"class":4704},[84,119070,169],{"class":98},[20,119072,172],{},[75,119074,119076],{"className":77,"code":119075,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119077,119078,119094],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119081,182],{"class":98},[84,119083,103],{"class":102},[84,119085,106],{"class":98},[84,119087,109],{"class":102},[84,119089,106],{"class":98},[84,119091,114],{"class":102},[84,119093,122],{"class":98},[84,119095,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119097,182],{"class":98},[84,119099,208],{"class":102},[84,119101,106],{"class":98},[84,119103,109],{"class":102},[84,119105,106],{"class":98},[84,119107,6341],{"class":102},[84,119109,122],{"class":98},[20,119111,119112],{},"This also works with strings:",[75,119114,119116],{"className":77,"code":119115,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,119117,119118,119150,119154,119168],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119119,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146,119148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119121,4919],{"class":90},[84,119123,95],{"class":94},[84,119125,99],{"class":98},[84,119127,3711],{"class":185},[84,119129,4928],{"class":189},[84,119131,3711],{"class":185},[84,119133,106],{"class":98},[84,119135,4211],{"class":185},[84,119137,4937],{"class":189},[84,119139,3711],{"class":185},[84,119141,106],{"class":98},[84,119143,4211],{"class":185},[84,119145,4946],{"class":189},[84,119147,3711],{"class":185},[84,119149,122],{"class":98},[84,119151,119152],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119153,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,119155,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119157,156],{"class":133},[84,119159,137],{"class":98},[84,119161,75328],{"class":133},[84,119163,137],{"class":98},[84,119165,4963],{"class":146},[84,119167,169],{"class":98},[84,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119171,156],{"class":133},[84,119173,137],{"class":98},[84,119175,75328],{"class":133},[84,119177,137],{"class":98},[84,119179,4963],{"class":146},[84,119181,106],{"class":98},[84,119183,78883],{"class":10015},[84,119185,95],{"class":94},[84,119187,4459],{"class":4704},[84,119189,169],{"class":98},[20,119191,172],{},[75,119193,119194],{"className":77,"code":74972,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,119195,119196,119224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119197,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119199,182],{"class":98},[84,119201,186],{"class":185},[84,119203,4928],{"class":189},[84,119205,186],{"class":185},[84,119207,106],{"class":98},[84,119209,196],{"class":185},[84,119211,4937],{"class":189},[84,119213,186],{"class":185},[84,119215,106],{"class":98},[84,119217,196],{"class":185},[84,119219,4946],{"class":189},[84,119221,186],{"class":185},[84,119223,122],{"class":98},[84,119225,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119227,182],{"class":98},[84,119229,186],{"class":185},[84,119231,4946],{"class":189},[84,119233,186],{"class":185},[84,119235,106],{"class":98},[84,119237,196],{"class":185},[84,119239,4937],{"class":189},[84,119241,186],{"class":185},[84,119243,106],{"class":98},[84,119245,196],{"class":185},[84,119247,4928],{"class":189},[84,119249,186],{"class":185},[84,119251,122],{"class":98},[70,119253,595,119255,119258],{"id":119254},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119256,119257],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119260,2847,119261,119263],{},[15,119262,119257],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119265,119266],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119268,119269],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[75,119271,119273],{"className":77,"code":119272,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119274,119275,119315,119319,119341],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119276,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119278,4919],{"class":90},[84,119280,95],{"class":94},[84,119282,99],{"class":98},[84,119284,3711],{"class":185},[84,119286,79557],{"class":189},[84,119288,3711],{"class":185},[84,119290,106],{"class":98},[84,119292,4211],{"class":185},[84,119294,39182],{"class":189},[84,119296,3711],{"class":185},[84,119298,106],{"class":98},[84,119300,4211],{"class":185},[84,119302,4937],{"class":189},[84,119304,3711],{"class":185},[84,119306,106],{"class":98},[84,119308,4211],{"class":185},[84,119310,39165],{"class":189},[84,119312,3711],{"class":185},[84,119314,122],{"class":98},[84,119316,119317],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119318,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,119320,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119322,128],{"class":90},[84,119324,95],{"class":94},[84,119326,75372],{"class":133},[84,119328,137],{"class":98},[84,119330,4963],{"class":146},[84,119332,106],{"class":98},[84,119334,22422],{"class":10015},[84,119336,95],{"class":94},[84,119338,12005],{"class":133},[84,119340,150],{"class":98},[84,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119344,156],{"class":133},[84,119346,137],{"class":98},[84,119348,166],{"class":146},[84,119350,150],{"class":98},[20,119352,172],{},[75,119354,119356],{"className":77,"code":119355,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119357,119358],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119359,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119361,182],{"class":98},[84,119363,186],{"class":185},[84,119365,39182],{"class":189},[84,119367,186],{"class":185},[84,119369,106],{"class":98},[84,119371,196],{"class":185},[84,119373,79557],{"class":189},[84,119375,186],{"class":185},[84,119377,106],{"class":98},[84,119379,196],{"class":185},[84,119381,39165],{"class":189},[84,119383,186],{"class":185},[84,119385,106],{"class":98},[84,119387,196],{"class":185},[84,119389,4937],{"class":189},[84,119391,186],{"class":185},[84,119393,122],{"class":98},[20,119395,21613,119396,119398],{},[15,119397,12005],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119400,119401],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[75,119403,119405],{"className":77,"code":119404,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119406,119407,119440,119444,119470],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119408,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119436,119438],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119410,4919],{"class":90},[84,119412,95],{"class":94},[84,119414,99],{"class":98},[84,119416,3711],{"class":185},[84,119418,83961],{"class":189},[84,119420,3711],{"class":185},[84,119422,106],{"class":98},[84,119424,4211],{"class":185},[84,119426,4928],{"class":189},[84,119428,3711],{"class":185},[84,119430,106],{"class":98},[84,119432,4211],{"class":185},[84,119434,119435],{"class":189},"Cherry",[84,119437,3711],{"class":185},[84,119439,122],{"class":98},[84,119441,119442],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119443,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,119445,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466,119468],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119447,128],{"class":90},[84,119449,95],{"class":94},[84,119451,75372],{"class":133},[84,119453,137],{"class":98},[84,119455,4963],{"class":146},[84,119457,106],{"class":98},[84,119459,22422],{"class":10015},[84,119461,95],{"class":94},[84,119463,141],{"class":140},[84,119465,307],{"class":98},[84,119467,9479],{"class":25590},[84,119469,150],{"class":98},[84,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119473,156],{"class":133},[84,119475,137],{"class":98},[84,119477,166],{"class":146},[84,119479,150],{"class":98},[20,119481,172],{},[75,119483,119485],{"className":77,"code":119484,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119486,119487],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119488,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119490,182],{"class":98},[84,119492,186],{"class":185},[84,119494,4928],{"class":189},[84,119496,186],{"class":185},[84,119498,106],{"class":98},[84,119500,196],{"class":185},[84,119502,83961],{"class":189},[84,119504,186],{"class":185},[84,119506,106],{"class":98},[84,119508,196],{"class":185},[84,119510,119435],{"class":189},[84,119512,186],{"class":185},[84,119514,122],{"class":98},[20,119516,119517,119518,36166,119520,307],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119519,43178],{},[303,119521,13,119522,591],{"href":43175},[15,119523,43178],{},[70,119525,119527,11427,119529],{"id":119526},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119528,75238],{},[15,119530,78680],{},[20,119532,119533],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,119535,119536,119541],{},[33,119537,119538,119540],{},[15,119539,75238],{}," returns a new list",[33,119542,119543,74776],{},[15,119544,78680],{},[20,119546,119547],{},"Also:",[30,119549,119550,119555],{},[33,119551,119552,119554],{},[15,119553,75238],{}," works with many iterables",[33,119556,119557,80113],{},[15,119558,78680],{},[20,119560,224,119561,11443],{},[15,119562,75238],{},[30,119564,119565,119568],{},[33,119566,119567],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,119569,119570],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119572,119573,119574,307],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[303,119575,13,119576,11427,119578,6627],{"href":79938},[15,119577,75238],{},[15,119579,78680],{},[70,119581,119583],{"id":119582},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119585,119586,119587,307],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119588,75238],{},[995,119590,119592],{"id":119591},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119594,119595,119596,3743],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119597,3864],{},[75,119599,119601],{"className":77,"code":119600,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119602,119603,119627],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119606,1777],{"class":90},[84,119608,95],{"class":94},[84,119610,99],{"class":98},[84,119612,103],{"class":102},[84,119614,106],{"class":98},[84,119616,4211],{"class":185},[84,119618,199],{"class":189},[84,119620,3711],{"class":185},[84,119622,106],{"class":98},[84,119624,114],{"class":102},[84,119626,122],{"class":98},[84,119628,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119630,156],{"class":133},[84,119632,137],{"class":98},[84,119634,75328],{"class":133},[84,119636,137],{"class":98},[84,119638,6201],{"class":146},[84,119640,169],{"class":98},[20,119642,119643],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[995,119645,119647,119648,3161],{"id":119646},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119649,15685],{},[20,119651,119652],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119654,814],{},[75,119656,119658],{"className":77,"code":119657,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119659,119660,119680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119661,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119663,91],{"class":90},[84,119665,95],{"class":94},[84,119667,99],{"class":98},[84,119669,437],{"class":102},[84,119671,106],{"class":98},[84,119673,109],{"class":102},[84,119675,106],{"class":98},[84,119677,447],{"class":102},[84,119679,122],{"class":98},[84,119681,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119683,156],{"class":133},[84,119685,137],{"class":98},[84,119687,75328],{"class":133},[84,119689,137],{"class":98},[84,119691,535],{"class":146},[84,119693,106],{"class":98},[84,119695,22422],{"class":10015},[84,119697,95],{"class":94},[84,119699,12005],{"class":133},[84,119701,169],{"class":98},[20,119703,49325,119704,119706],{},[15,119705,43178],{}," does not work on integers.",[995,119708,119710],{"id":119709},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119712,119713],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[75,119715,119717],{"className":77,"code":119716,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119718,119719,119739,119749,119753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119722,91],{"class":90},[84,119724,95],{"class":94},[84,119726,99],{"class":98},[84,119728,208],{"class":102},[84,119730,106],{"class":98},[84,119732,6341],{"class":102},[84,119734,106],{"class":98},[84,119736,109],{"class":102},[84,119738,122],{"class":98},[84,119740,119741,119743,119745,119747],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119742,75328],{"class":133},[84,119744,137],{"class":98},[84,119746,535],{"class":146},[84,119748,150],{"class":98},[84,119750,119751],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119752,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,119754,119755,119757,119759,119761],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119756,156],{"class":133},[84,119758,137],{"class":98},[84,119760,535],{"class":146},[84,119762,150],{"class":98},[20,119764,172],{},[75,119766,119768],{"className":77,"code":119767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119769,119770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119771,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119773,182],{"class":98},[84,119775,208],{"class":102},[84,119777,106],{"class":98},[84,119779,6341],{"class":102},[84,119781,106],{"class":98},[84,119783,109],{"class":102},[84,119785,122],{"class":98},[20,119787,119788],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[70,119790,3686],{"id":3685},[30,119792,119793,119797,119800,119805,119809],{},[33,119794,5426,119795,74776],{},[15,119796,75238],{},[33,119798,119799],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,119801,5551,119802,119804],{},[15,119803,75238],{}," always returns a list",[33,119806,595,119807,23946],{},[15,119808,119257],{},[33,119810,30491,119811,119813,119814],{},[15,119812,65129],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119815,75238],{},[20,119817,119818],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[75,119820,119822],{"className":77,"code":119821,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119823,119824,119846,119872,119910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,119827,156],{"class":133},[84,119829,137],{"class":98},[84,119831,75328],{"class":133},[84,119833,3845],{"class":98},[84,119835,208],{"class":102},[84,119837,106],{"class":98},[84,119839,6341],{"class":102},[84,119841,106],{"class":98},[84,119843,109],{"class":102},[84,119845,3858],{"class":98},[84,119847,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,119849,156],{"class":133},[84,119851,137],{"class":98},[84,119853,2624],{"class":140},[84,119855,137],{"class":98},[84,119857,75328],{"class":133},[84,119859,6354],{"class":98},[84,119861,208],{"class":102},[84,119863,106],{"class":98},[84,119865,6341],{"class":102},[84,119867,106],{"class":98},[84,119869,109],{"class":102},[84,119871,93965],{"class":98},[84,119873,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,119875,156],{"class":133},[84,119877,137],{"class":98},[84,119879,75328],{"class":133},[84,119881,3845],{"class":98},[84,119883,186],{"class":185},[84,119885,83961],{"class":189},[84,119887,186],{"class":185},[84,119889,106],{"class":98},[84,119891,196],{"class":185},[84,119893,4928],{"class":189},[84,119895,186],{"class":185},[84,119897,18903],{"class":98},[84,119899,22422],{"class":10015},[84,119901,95],{"class":94},[84,119903,141],{"class":140},[84,119905,307],{"class":98},[84,119907,9479],{"class":25590},[84,119909,169],{"class":98},[84,119911,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932,119934,119936,119938],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,119913,156],{"class":133},[84,119915,137],{"class":98},[84,119917,75328],{"class":133},[84,119919,3845],{"class":98},[84,119921,208],{"class":102},[84,119923,106],{"class":98},[84,119925,6341],{"class":102},[84,119927,106],{"class":98},[84,119929,109],{"class":102},[84,119931,18903],{"class":98},[84,119933,78883],{"class":10015},[84,119935,95],{"class":94},[84,119937,4459],{"class":4704},[84,119939,169],{"class":98},[20,119941,119942,119943,307],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[303,119944,53588],{"href":51795},[70,119946,2694],{"id":2693},[995,119948,2698,119950,57979],{"id":119949},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119951,75238],{},[20,119953,119954],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[995,119956,5987,119958,13558],{"id":119957},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119959,75238],{},[20,119961,119962],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[995,119964,119966,119967,11935,119969,3348],{"id":119965},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119968,75238],{},[15,119970,78680],{},[20,119972,224,119973,119975],{},[15,119974,75238],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[995,119977,5987,119979,87049,119981,3348],{"id":119978},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119980,119257],{},[15,119982,75238],{},[20,119984,119985],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[995,119987,6003,119989,119991,119992,3348],{"id":119988},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119990,75238],{}," give a ",[15,119993,3864],{},[20,119995,119996],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[70,119998,2751],{"id":2750},[30,120000,120001,120005,120013,120017,120023,120029],{},[33,120002,120003],{},[303,120004,80686],{"href":79189},[33,120006,120007],{},[303,120008,13,120009,11427,120011,6627],{"href":79938},[15,120010,75238],{},[15,120012,78680],{},[33,120014,120015],{},[303,120016,53588],{"href":51795},[33,120018,120019],{},[303,120020,13,120021,591],{"href":43175},[15,120022,43178],{},[33,120024,120025],{},[303,120026,13,120027,591],{"href":92621},[15,120028,36586],{},[33,120030,120031],{},[303,120032,13,120033,591],{"href":37032},[15,120034,37035],{},[2785,120036,120037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":120039},[120040,120041,120043,120046,120047,120054,120056,120058,120060,120066,120067,120079],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":118320,"depth":125,"text":120042},"What sorted() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":120044},[120045],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":118559,"depth":125,"text":118560,"children":120048},[120049,120050,120051,120052,120053],{"id":161,"depth":153,"text":118568},{"id":49768,"depth":153,"text":118632},{"id":7129,"depth":153,"text":118729},{"id":61991,"depth":153,"text":118793},{"id":16448,"depth":153,"text":30064},{"id":118998,"depth":125,"text":120055},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119254,"depth":125,"text":120057},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119526,"depth":125,"text":120059},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119582,"depth":125,"text":119583,"children":120061},[120062,120063,120065],{"id":119591,"depth":153,"text":119592},{"id":119646,"depth":153,"text":120064},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119709,"depth":153,"text":119710},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":120068},[120069,120071,120073,120075,120077],{"id":119949,"depth":153,"text":120070},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119957,"depth":153,"text":120072},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119965,"depth":153,"text":120074},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119978,"depth":153,"text":120076},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119988,"depth":153,"text":120078},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118222,"description":120080},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":120087,"title":120088,"body":120089,"description":122200,"extension":2830,"meta":122201,"navigation":472,"path":79938,"seo":122202,"stem":122203,"__hash__":122204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":120090,"toc":122147},[120091,120098,120101,120111,120117,120120,120138,120146,120148,120207,120215,120219,120241,120245,120249,120251,120268,120270,120282,120288,120372,120376,120423,120429,120436,120440,120445,120447,120459,120464,120517,120521,120541,120548,120555,120559,120562,120581,120585,120699,120703,120773,120775,120787,120792,120796,120809,120813,120888,120892,120931,120938,120944,120949,120953,120967,120971,121036,121040,121073,121076,121081,121089,121096,121109,121112,121116,121199,121203,121240,121244,121347,121351,121412,121417,121424,121428,121431,121437,121440,121507,121511,121535,121537,121555,121562,121615,121619,121639,121645,121647,121704,121711,121737,121742,121747,121755,121761,121821,121825,121872,121875,121877,121880,121906,121909,122002,122004,122024,122028,122031,122049,122055,122057,122065,122070,122077,122080,122086,122089,122095,122103,122111,122116,122118,122144],[10,120092,13,120094,11427,120096,93679],{"id":120093},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,120095,75238],{},[15,120097,78680],{},[20,120099,120100],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,120102,120103,120107],{},[33,120104,120105],{},[15,120106,75238],{},[33,120108,120109],{},[15,120110,78680],{},[20,120112,120113,120114,120116],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[53,120115,55],{}," behave the same way.",[20,120118,120119],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,120121,120122,120130],{},[33,120123,224,120124,120126,120127],{},[15,120125,75238],{}," when you want a ",[53,120128,120129],{},"new sorted result",[33,120131,224,120132,120134,120135],{},[15,120133,78680],{}," when you want to ",[53,120136,120137],{},"change the original list",[20,120139,120140,120141,3254,120143,120145],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,120142,78680],{},[15,120144,4630],{}," and causes confusion.",[70,120147,4464],{"id":4463},[75,120149,120151],{"className":77,"code":120150,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120152,120153,120173,120177,120194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120154,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120156,91],{"class":90},[84,120158,95],{"class":94},[84,120160,99],{"class":98},[84,120162,208],{"class":102},[84,120164,106],{"class":98},[84,120166,6341],{"class":102},[84,120168,106],{"class":98},[84,120170,109],{"class":102},[84,120172,122],{"class":98},[84,120174,120175],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120176,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120178,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120180,56705],{"class":90},[84,120182,95],{"class":94},[84,120184,75372],{"class":133},[84,120186,137],{"class":98},[84,120188,535],{"class":146},[84,120190,1970],{"class":98},[84,120192,120193],{"class":4517},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[84,120195,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,120197,535],{"class":90},[84,120199,307],{"class":98},[84,120201,35638],{"class":146},[84,120203,8205],{"class":98},[84,120205,120206],{"class":4517},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120208,224,120209,120211,120212,120214],{},[15,120210,75238],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120213,78680],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[70,120216,120218],{"id":120217},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,120220,120221,120226,120231,120238],{},[33,120222,224,120223,120225],{},[15,120224,75238],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,120227,224,120228,120230],{},[15,120229,78680],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,120232,120233,120234,3254,120236],{},"Understand why ",[15,120235,78680],{},[15,120237,4630],{},[33,120239,120240],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[70,120242,235,120243,238],{"id":118320},[15,120244,75238],{},[20,120246,120247,63743],{},[15,120248,75238],{},[20,120250,49742],{},[30,120252,120253,120259,120265],{},[33,120254,120255,120256],{},"returns a ",[53,120257,120258],{},"new list",[33,120260,120261,120262,120264],{},"does ",[53,120263,55],{}," change the original data",[33,120266,120267],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120269,51949],{},[30,120271,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280],{},[33,120273,6142],{},[33,120275,6145],{},[33,120277,6151],{},[33,120279,6148],{},[33,120281,36747],{},[995,120283,35914,120285,120287],{"id":120284},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120286,75238],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[75,120289,120291],{"className":77,"code":120290,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120292,120293,120313,120317,120331,120335,120353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120294,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120296,91],{"class":90},[84,120298,95],{"class":94},[84,120300,99],{"class":98},[84,120302,208],{"class":102},[84,120304,106],{"class":98},[84,120306,6341],{"class":102},[84,120308,106],{"class":98},[84,120310,109],{"class":102},[84,120312,122],{"class":98},[84,120314,120315],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120316,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120318,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120320,128],{"class":90},[84,120322,95],{"class":94},[84,120324,75372],{"class":133},[84,120326,137],{"class":98},[84,120328,535],{"class":146},[84,120330,150],{"class":98},[84,120332,120333],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,120334,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120336,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,120338,156],{"class":133},[84,120340,137],{"class":98},[84,120342,3711],{"class":185},[84,120344,12997],{"class":189},[84,120346,3711],{"class":185},[84,120348,106],{"class":98},[84,120350,147],{"class":146},[84,120352,150],{"class":98},[84,120354,120355,120357,120359,120361,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,120356,156],{"class":133},[84,120358,137],{"class":98},[84,120360,3711],{"class":185},[84,120362,120363],{"class":189},"sorted result:",[84,120365,3711],{"class":185},[84,120367,106],{"class":98},[84,120369,1437],{"class":146},[84,120371,150],{"class":98},[20,120373,120374],{},[53,120375,172],{},[75,120377,120379],{"className":77,"code":120378,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120380,120381,120401],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120382,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120384,12976],{"class":90},[84,120386,3743],{"class":98},[84,120388,99],{"class":98},[84,120390,208],{"class":102},[84,120392,106],{"class":98},[84,120394,6341],{"class":102},[84,120396,106],{"class":98},[84,120398,109],{"class":102},[84,120400,122],{"class":98},[84,120402,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120404,75328],{"class":133},[84,120406,1437],{"class":90},[84,120408,3743],{"class":98},[84,120410,99],{"class":98},[84,120412,103],{"class":102},[84,120414,106],{"class":98},[84,120416,109],{"class":102},[84,120418,106],{"class":98},[84,120420,114],{"class":102},[84,120422,122],{"class":98},[20,120424,120425,120426,120428],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120427,535],{}," stays the same.",[20,120430,120431,120432,307],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[303,120433,13,120434,591],{"href":75335},[15,120435,75238],{},[70,120437,235,120438,238],{"id":78746},[15,120439,78680],{},[20,120441,120442,120444],{},[15,120443,65129],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120446,49742],{},[30,120448,120449,120452,120455],{},[33,120450,120451],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,120453,120454],{},"only works on lists",[33,120456,4545,120457],{},[15,120458,4630],{},[995,120460,35914,120462,74776],{"id":120461},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120463,78680],{},[75,120465,120467],{"className":77,"code":120466,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120468,120469,120489,120493,120503,120507],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120470,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120472,91],{"class":90},[84,120474,95],{"class":94},[84,120476,99],{"class":98},[84,120478,208],{"class":102},[84,120480,106],{"class":98},[84,120482,6341],{"class":102},[84,120484,106],{"class":98},[84,120486,109],{"class":102},[84,120488,122],{"class":98},[84,120490,120491],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120492,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120496,535],{"class":90},[84,120498,307],{"class":98},[84,120500,35638],{"class":146},[84,120502,9482],{"class":98},[84,120504,120505],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,120506,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,120510,156],{"class":133},[84,120512,137],{"class":98},[84,120514,535],{"class":146},[84,120516,150],{"class":98},[20,120518,120519],{},[53,120520,172],{},[75,120522,120523],{"className":77,"code":1846,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,120524,120525],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120528,182],{"class":98},[84,120530,103],{"class":102},[84,120532,106],{"class":98},[84,120534,109],{"class":102},[84,120536,106],{"class":98},[84,120538,114],{"class":102},[84,120540,122],{"class":98},[20,120542,120543,120544,120547],{},"After calling ",[15,120545,120546],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120549,120550,120551,307],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[303,120552,13,120553,11583],{"href":75589},[15,120554,78680],{},[70,120556,120558],{"id":120557},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120560,120561],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,120563,120564,120573],{},[33,120565,120566,120569,120570],{},[15,120567,120568],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[53,120571,120572],{},"new sorted list",[33,120574,120575,120578,120579,75146],{},[15,120576,120577],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120580,9178],{},[995,120582,120584],{"id":120583},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[75,120586,120588],{"className":77,"code":120587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120589,120590,120610,120614,120628,120647,120666,120670,120680],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120591,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120593,91],{"class":90},[84,120595,95],{"class":94},[84,120597,99],{"class":98},[84,120599,3000],{"class":102},[84,120601,106],{"class":98},[84,120603,109],{"class":102},[84,120605,106],{"class":98},[84,120607,119],{"class":102},[84,120609,122],{"class":98},[84,120611,120612],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120613,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120617,3410],{"class":90},[84,120619,95],{"class":94},[84,120621,75372],{"class":133},[84,120623,137],{"class":98},[84,120625,535],{"class":146},[84,120627,150],{"class":98},[84,120629,120630,120632,120634,120636,120639,120641,120643,120645],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,120631,156],{"class":133},[84,120633,137],{"class":98},[84,120635,3711],{"class":185},[84,120637,120638],{"class":189},"numbers after sorted():",[84,120640,3711],{"class":185},[84,120642,106],{"class":98},[84,120644,147],{"class":146},[84,120646,150],{"class":98},[84,120648,120649,120651,120653,120655,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,120650,156],{"class":133},[84,120652,137],{"class":98},[84,120654,3711],{"class":185},[84,120656,120657],{"class":189},"a:",[84,120659,3711],{"class":185},[84,120661,106],{"class":98},[84,120663,57703],{"class":146},[84,120665,150],{"class":98},[84,120667,120668],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,120669,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120671,120672,120674,120676,120678],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,120673,535],{"class":90},[84,120675,307],{"class":98},[84,120677,35638],{"class":146},[84,120679,9482],{"class":98},[84,120681,120682,120684,120686,120688,120691,120693,120695,120697],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,120683,156],{"class":133},[84,120685,137],{"class":98},[84,120687,3711],{"class":185},[84,120689,120690],{"class":189},"numbers after sort():",[84,120692,3711],{"class":185},[84,120694,106],{"class":98},[84,120696,147],{"class":146},[84,120698,150],{"class":98},[20,120700,120701],{},[53,120702,172],{},[75,120704,120706],{"className":77,"code":120705,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120707,120708,120731,120751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120709,120710,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120711,120712],{"class":90},"numbers after ",[84,120714,75328],{"class":133},[84,120716,30425],{"class":98},[84,120718,99],{"class":98},[84,120720,3000],{"class":102},[84,120722,106],{"class":98},[84,120724,109],{"class":102},[84,120726,106],{"class":98},[84,120728,119],{"class":102},[84,120730,122],{"class":98},[84,120732,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120734,303],{"class":90},[84,120736,3743],{"class":98},[84,120738,99],{"class":98},[84,120740,199],{"class":102},[84,120742,106],{"class":98},[84,120744,119],{"class":102},[84,120746,106],{"class":98},[84,120748,5452],{"class":102},[84,120750,122],{"class":98},[84,120752,120753,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120754,120712],{"class":90},[84,120756,35638],{"class":146},[84,120758,30425],{"class":98},[84,120760,99],{"class":98},[84,120762,199],{"class":102},[84,120764,106],{"class":98},[84,120766,119],{"class":102},[84,120768,106],{"class":98},[84,120770,5452],{"class":102},[84,120772,122],{"class":98},[20,120774,11555],{},[30,120776,120777,120782],{},[33,120778,120779,120781],{},[15,120780,75238],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,120783,120784,120786],{},[15,120785,65129],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[70,120788,1741,120790],{"id":120789},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120791,75238],{},[20,120793,224,120794,11443],{},[15,120795,75238],{},[30,120797,120798,120801,120803,120806],{},[33,120799,120800],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,120802,119570],{},[33,120804,120805],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,120807,120808],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[995,120810,120812],{"id":120811},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[75,120814,120816],{"className":77,"code":120815,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120817,120818,120842,120846,120860,120864,120874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120819,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120821,91],{"class":90},[84,120823,95],{"class":94},[84,120825,10076],{"class":98},[84,120827,217],{"class":102},[84,120829,106],{"class":98},[84,120831,6341],{"class":102},[84,120833,106],{"class":98},[84,120835,114],{"class":102},[84,120837,106],{"class":98},[84,120839,109],{"class":102},[84,120841,150],{"class":98},[84,120843,120844],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120845,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120847,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,120849,128],{"class":90},[84,120851,95],{"class":94},[84,120853,75372],{"class":133},[84,120855,137],{"class":98},[84,120857,535],{"class":146},[84,120859,150],{"class":98},[84,120861,120862],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,120863,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,120865,120866,120868,120870,120872],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,120867,156],{"class":133},[84,120869,137],{"class":98},[84,120871,166],{"class":146},[84,120873,150],{"class":98},[84,120875,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,120877,156],{"class":133},[84,120879,137],{"class":98},[84,120881,2624],{"class":140},[84,120883,137],{"class":98},[84,120885,166],{"class":146},[84,120887,169],{"class":98},[20,120889,120890],{},[53,120891,172],{},[75,120893,120895],{"className":77,"code":120894,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120896,120897,120917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120898,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120900,182],{"class":98},[84,120902,103],{"class":102},[84,120904,106],{"class":98},[84,120906,109],{"class":102},[84,120908,106],{"class":98},[84,120910,114],{"class":102},[84,120912,106],{"class":98},[84,120914,119],{"class":102},[84,120916,122],{"class":98},[84,120918,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,120920,1251],{"class":94},[84,120922,4152],{"class":614},[84,120924,196],{"class":185},[84,120926,161],{"class":189},[84,120928,186],{"class":185},[84,120930,1270],{"class":94},[20,120932,3144,120933,120935,120936,307],{},[15,120934,75238],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[53,120937,161],{},[20,120939,120940,120941,120943],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[303,120942,53588],{"href":51795}," is a helpful next step.",[70,120945,1741,120947],{"id":120946},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120948,78680],{},[20,120950,224,120951,11443],{},[15,120952,78680],{},[30,120954,120955,120958,120961,120964],{},[33,120956,120957],{},"you already have a list",[33,120959,120960],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120962,120963],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120965,120966],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[995,120968,120970],{"id":120969},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[75,120972,120974],{"className":77,"code":120973,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120975,120976,121008,121012,121022,121026],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,120977,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,120979,5842],{"class":90},[84,120981,95],{"class":94},[84,120983,99],{"class":98},[84,120985,3711],{"class":185},[84,120987,5869],{"class":189},[84,120989,3711],{"class":185},[84,120991,106],{"class":98},[84,120993,4211],{"class":185},[84,120995,5851],{"class":189},[84,120997,3711],{"class":185},[84,120999,106],{"class":98},[84,121001,4211],{"class":185},[84,121003,5860],{"class":189},[84,121005,3711],{"class":185},[84,121007,122],{"class":98},[84,121009,121010],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121011,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121015,5886],{"class":90},[84,121017,307],{"class":98},[84,121019,35638],{"class":146},[84,121021,9482],{"class":98},[84,121023,121024],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121025,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121027,121028,121030,121032,121034],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121029,156],{"class":133},[84,121031,137],{"class":98},[84,121033,5886],{"class":146},[84,121035,150],{"class":98},[20,121037,121038],{},[53,121039,172],{},[75,121041,121043],{"className":77,"code":121042,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,121044,121045],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121046,121047,121049,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121048,182],{"class":98},[84,121050,186],{"class":185},[84,121052,5851],{"class":189},[84,121054,186],{"class":185},[84,121056,106],{"class":98},[84,121058,196],{"class":185},[84,121060,5860],{"class":189},[84,121062,186],{"class":185},[84,121064,106],{"class":98},[84,121066,196],{"class":185},[84,121068,5869],{"class":189},[84,121070,186],{"class":185},[84,121072,122],{"class":98},[20,121074,121075],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,121077,121078,121079,307],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[303,121080,80686],{"href":79189},[70,121082,121084,5241,121086,121088],{"id":121083},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,121085,74391],{},[15,121087,15685],{}," work with both",[20,121090,11432,121091,5241,121093,121095],{},[15,121092,75238],{},[15,121094,78680],{}," support:",[30,121097,121098,121103],{},[33,121099,121100,121102],{},[15,121101,78904],{}," for descending order",[33,121104,121105,121108],{},[15,121106,121107],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,121110,121111],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[995,121113,121115],{"id":121114},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[75,121117,121119],{"className":77,"code":121118,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121120,121121,121141,121145,121167,121171,121189],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121122,121123,121125,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121124,91],{"class":90},[84,121126,95],{"class":94},[84,121128,99],{"class":98},[84,121130,208],{"class":102},[84,121132,106],{"class":98},[84,121134,6341],{"class":102},[84,121136,106],{"class":98},[84,121138,109],{"class":102},[84,121140,122],{"class":98},[84,121142,121143],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121144,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121146,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121148,156],{"class":133},[84,121150,137],{"class":98},[84,121152,75328],{"class":133},[84,121154,137],{"class":98},[84,121156,535],{"class":146},[84,121158,106],{"class":98},[84,121160,78883],{"class":10015},[84,121162,95],{"class":94},[84,121164,4459],{"class":4704},[84,121166,169],{"class":98},[84,121168,121169],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121170,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121172,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121174,535],{"class":90},[84,121176,307],{"class":98},[84,121178,35638],{"class":146},[84,121180,137],{"class":98},[84,121182,74391],{"class":10015},[84,121184,95],{"class":94},[84,121186,4459],{"class":4704},[84,121188,150],{"class":98},[84,121190,121191,121193,121195,121197],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,121192,156],{"class":133},[84,121194,137],{"class":98},[84,121196,535],{"class":146},[84,121198,150],{"class":98},[20,121200,121201],{},[53,121202,172],{},[75,121204,121206],{"className":77,"code":121205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121207,121208,121224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121209,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121211,182],{"class":98},[84,121213,208],{"class":102},[84,121215,106],{"class":98},[84,121217,109],{"class":102},[84,121219,106],{"class":98},[84,121221,6341],{"class":102},[84,121223,122],{"class":98},[84,121225,121226,121228,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121227,182],{"class":98},[84,121229,208],{"class":102},[84,121231,106],{"class":98},[84,121233,109],{"class":102},[84,121235,106],{"class":98},[84,121237,6341],{"class":102},[84,121239,122],{"class":98},[995,121241,121243],{"id":121242},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[75,121245,121247],{"className":77,"code":121246,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121248,121249,121281,121285,121311,121315,121337],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121250,121251,121253,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265,121267,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121252,4919],{"class":90},[84,121254,95],{"class":94},[84,121256,99],{"class":98},[84,121258,3711],{"class":185},[84,121260,83961],{"class":189},[84,121262,3711],{"class":185},[84,121264,106],{"class":98},[84,121266,4211],{"class":185},[84,121268,4928],{"class":189},[84,121270,3711],{"class":185},[84,121272,106],{"class":98},[84,121274,4211],{"class":185},[84,121276,119435],{"class":189},[84,121278,3711],{"class":185},[84,121280,122],{"class":98},[84,121282,121283],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121284,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121286,121287,121289,121291,121293,121295,121297,121299,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121288,156],{"class":133},[84,121290,137],{"class":98},[84,121292,75328],{"class":133},[84,121294,137],{"class":98},[84,121296,4963],{"class":146},[84,121298,106],{"class":98},[84,121300,22422],{"class":10015},[84,121302,95],{"class":94},[84,121304,141],{"class":140},[84,121306,307],{"class":98},[84,121308,9479],{"class":25590},[84,121310,169],{"class":98},[84,121312,121313],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121314,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121318,4963],{"class":90},[84,121320,307],{"class":98},[84,121322,35638],{"class":146},[84,121324,137],{"class":98},[84,121326,15685],{"class":10015},[84,121328,95],{"class":94},[84,121330,141],{"class":140},[84,121332,307],{"class":98},[84,121334,9479],{"class":25590},[84,121336,150],{"class":98},[84,121338,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,121340,156],{"class":133},[84,121342,137],{"class":98},[84,121344,4963],{"class":146},[84,121346,150],{"class":98},[20,121348,121349],{},[53,121350,172],{},[75,121352,121354],{"className":77,"code":121353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121355,121356,121384],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121357,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121372,121374,121376,121378,121380,121382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121359,182],{"class":98},[84,121361,186],{"class":185},[84,121363,4928],{"class":189},[84,121365,186],{"class":185},[84,121367,106],{"class":98},[84,121369,196],{"class":185},[84,121371,83961],{"class":189},[84,121373,186],{"class":185},[84,121375,106],{"class":98},[84,121377,196],{"class":185},[84,121379,119435],{"class":189},[84,121381,186],{"class":185},[84,121383,122],{"class":98},[84,121385,121386,121388,121390,121392,121394,121396,121398,121400,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121387,182],{"class":98},[84,121389,186],{"class":185},[84,121391,4928],{"class":189},[84,121393,186],{"class":185},[84,121395,106],{"class":98},[84,121397,196],{"class":185},[84,121399,83961],{"class":189},[84,121401,186],{"class":185},[84,121403,106],{"class":98},[84,121405,196],{"class":185},[84,121407,119435],{"class":189},[84,121409,186],{"class":185},[84,121411,122],{"class":98},[20,121413,595,121414,121416],{},[15,121415,79398],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121418,121419,121420,307],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[303,121421,121423],{"href":121422},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[70,121425,121427],{"id":121426},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121429,121430],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[995,121432,121434,121435,13441],{"id":121433},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121436,78680],{},[20,121438,121439],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[75,121441,121443],{"className":77,"code":121442,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121444,121445,121465,121469,121483,121487,121497],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121446,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121448,91],{"class":90},[84,121450,95],{"class":94},[84,121452,99],{"class":98},[84,121454,208],{"class":102},[84,121456,106],{"class":98},[84,121458,6341],{"class":102},[84,121460,106],{"class":98},[84,121462,109],{"class":102},[84,121464,122],{"class":98},[84,121466,121467],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121468,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121470,121471,121473,121475,121477,121479,121481],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121472,128],{"class":90},[84,121474,95],{"class":94},[84,121476,147],{"class":90},[84,121478,307],{"class":98},[84,121480,35638],{"class":146},[84,121482,9482],{"class":98},[84,121484,121485],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121486,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121490,156],{"class":133},[84,121492,137],{"class":98},[84,121494,166],{"class":146},[84,121496,150],{"class":98},[84,121498,121499,121501,121503,121505],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,121500,156],{"class":133},[84,121502,137],{"class":98},[84,121504,535],{"class":146},[84,121506,150],{"class":98},[20,121508,121509],{},[53,121510,172],{},[75,121512,121513],{"className":77,"code":80021,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,121514,121515,121519],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121516,121517],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121518,12651],{"class":4704},[84,121520,121521,121523,121525,121527,121529,121531,121533],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121522,182],{"class":98},[84,121524,103],{"class":102},[84,121526,106],{"class":98},[84,121528,109],{"class":102},[84,121530,106],{"class":98},[84,121532,114],{"class":102},[84,121534,122],{"class":98},[20,121536,12743],{},[30,121538,121539,121544,121549],{},[33,121540,121541,121543],{},[15,121542,120546],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,121545,35851,121546,121548],{},[53,121547,55],{}," return the sorted list",[33,121550,90585,121551,551,121553],{},[15,121552,166],{},[15,121554,4630],{},[995,121556,121558,121559,121561],{"id":121557},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121560,75238],{}," to change the original list",[75,121563,121565],{"className":77,"code":121564,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121566,121567,121587,121591,121601,121605],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121568,121569,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579,121581,121583,121585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121570,91],{"class":90},[84,121572,95],{"class":94},[84,121574,99],{"class":98},[84,121576,208],{"class":102},[84,121578,106],{"class":98},[84,121580,6341],{"class":102},[84,121582,106],{"class":98},[84,121584,109],{"class":102},[84,121586,122],{"class":98},[84,121588,121589],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121590,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121592,121593,121595,121597,121599],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121594,75328],{"class":133},[84,121596,137],{"class":98},[84,121598,535],{"class":146},[84,121600,150],{"class":98},[84,121602,121603],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121604,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121608,156],{"class":133},[84,121610,137],{"class":98},[84,121612,535],{"class":146},[84,121614,150],{"class":98},[20,121616,121617],{},[53,121618,172],{},[75,121620,121621],{"className":77,"code":119767,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,121622,121623],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121624,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121626,182],{"class":98},[84,121628,208],{"class":102},[84,121630,106],{"class":98},[84,121632,6341],{"class":102},[84,121634,106],{"class":98},[84,121636,109],{"class":102},[84,121638,122],{"class":98},[20,121640,121641,121644],{},[15,121642,121643],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121646,11650],{},[75,121648,121650],{"className":77,"code":121649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121651,121652,121672,121676,121690,121694],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121653,121654,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666,121668,121670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121655,91],{"class":90},[84,121657,95],{"class":94},[84,121659,99],{"class":98},[84,121661,208],{"class":102},[84,121663,106],{"class":98},[84,121665,6341],{"class":102},[84,121667,106],{"class":98},[84,121669,109],{"class":102},[84,121671,122],{"class":98},[84,121673,121674],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121675,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121677,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121679,56457],{"class":90},[84,121681,95],{"class":94},[84,121683,75372],{"class":133},[84,121685,137],{"class":98},[84,121687,535],{"class":146},[84,121689,150],{"class":98},[84,121691,121692],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121693,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121695,121696,121698,121700,121702],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121697,156],{"class":133},[84,121699,137],{"class":98},[84,121701,56476],{"class":146},[84,121703,150],{"class":98},[995,121705,121707,121708,121710],{"id":121706},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121709,65129],{}," on a tuple or string",[75,121712,121713],{"className":77,"code":80123,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,121714,121715,121727],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121716,121717,121719,121721,121723,121725],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121718,35526],{"class":90},[84,121720,95],{"class":94},[84,121722,4211],{"class":185},[84,121724,79],{"class":189},[84,121726,4217],{"class":185},[84,121728,121729,121731,121733,121735],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121730,35547],{"class":90},[84,121732,307],{"class":98},[84,121734,35638],{"class":146},[84,121736,9482],{"class":98},[20,121738,121739,121740,34441],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121741,65129],{},[20,121743,121744,121746],{},[15,121745,65129],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121748,121749,121750,121752,121753,307],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121751,75238],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[303,121754,306],{"href":6430},[995,121756,121758,121759,119804],{"id":121757},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121760,75238],{},[75,121762,121764],{"className":77,"code":121763,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121765,121766,121779,121793,121797,121807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121767,121768,121770,121772,121774,121777],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121769,35526],{"class":90},[84,121771,95],{"class":94},[84,121773,4211],{"class":185},[84,121775,121776],{"class":189},"cab",[84,121778,4217],{"class":185},[84,121780,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789,121791],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121782,128],{"class":90},[84,121784,95],{"class":94},[84,121786,75372],{"class":133},[84,121788,137],{"class":98},[84,121790,35547],{"class":146},[84,121792,150],{"class":98},[84,121794,121795],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121796,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121800,156],{"class":133},[84,121802,137],{"class":98},[84,121804,166],{"class":146},[84,121806,150],{"class":98},[84,121808,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817,121819],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121810,156],{"class":133},[84,121812,137],{"class":98},[84,121814,2624],{"class":140},[84,121816,137],{"class":98},[84,121818,166],{"class":146},[84,121820,169],{"class":98},[20,121822,121823],{},[53,121824,172],{},[75,121826,121828],{"className":77,"code":121827,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121829,121830,121858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121831,121832,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852,121854,121856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121833,182],{"class":98},[84,121835,186],{"class":185},[84,121837,303],{"class":189},[84,121839,186],{"class":185},[84,121841,106],{"class":98},[84,121843,196],{"class":185},[84,121845,5608],{"class":189},[84,121847,186],{"class":185},[84,121849,106],{"class":98},[84,121851,196],{"class":185},[84,121853,10580],{"class":189},[84,121855,186],{"class":185},[84,121857,122],{"class":98},[84,121859,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121861,1251],{"class":94},[84,121863,4152],{"class":614},[84,121865,196],{"class":185},[84,121867,161],{"class":189},[84,121869,186],{"class":185},[84,121871,1270],{"class":94},[20,121873,121874],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[70,121876,114325],{"id":114324},[20,121878,121879],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121881,121882,121885,121890,121895,121901],{},[33,121883,121884],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121886,121887,121888,54461],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121889,65129],{},[33,121891,121892,121893,13441],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121894,78680],{},[33,121896,121897,121898,121900],{},"trying to use ",[15,121899,65129],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121902,51321,121903,121905],{},[15,121904,75238],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121907,121908],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[75,121910,121912],{"className":77,"code":121911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121913,121914,121924,121938,121963,121978,121988],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,121917,156],{"class":133},[84,121919,137],{"class":98},[84,121921,9178],{"class":146},[84,121923,150],{"class":98},[84,121925,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,121927,156],{"class":133},[84,121929,137],{"class":98},[84,121931,75328],{"class":133},[84,121933,137],{"class":98},[84,121935,9178],{"class":146},[84,121937,169],{"class":98},[84,121939,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950,121952,121955,121957,121959,121961],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,121941,128],{"class":90},[84,121943,95],{"class":94},[84,121945,9234],{"class":90},[84,121947,307],{"class":98},[84,121949,35638],{"class":146},[84,121951,8205],{"class":98},[84,121953,121954],{"class":90},"; ",[84,121956,156],{"class":133},[84,121958,137],{"class":98},[84,121960,166],{"class":146},[84,121962,150],{"class":98},[84,121964,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121976],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,121966,156],{"class":133},[84,121968,137],{"class":98},[84,121970,2624],{"class":140},[84,121972,137],{"class":98},[84,121974,121975],{"class":146},"my_data",[84,121977,169],{"class":98},[84,121979,121980,121982,121984,121986],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,121981,32994],{"class":133},[84,121983,137],{"class":98},[84,121985,75328],{"class":133},[84,121987,150],{"class":98},[84,121989,121990,121992,121994,121996,121998,122000],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,121991,32994],{"class":133},[84,121993,137],{"class":98},[84,121995,161],{"class":140},[84,121997,307],{"class":98},[84,121999,35638],{"class":25590},[84,122001,150],{"class":98},[20,122003,84971],{},[30,122005,122006,122009,122013,122021],{},[33,122007,122008],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,122010,26859,122011,12548],{},[15,122012,75238],{},[33,122014,122015,122016,122018,122019],{},"whether ",[15,122017,65129],{}," returned ",[15,122020,4630],{},[33,122022,122023],{},"what type of object you are working with",[70,122025,122027],{"id":122026},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,122029,122030],{},"Use this rule:",[30,122032,122033,122041],{},[33,122034,122035,122036,122038,122039],{},"Need a ",[53,122037,120129],{},": use ",[15,122040,75238],{},[33,122042,122043,122044,122038,122047],{},"Need to ",[53,122045,122046],{},"change one list directly",[15,122048,78680],{},[20,122050,122051,122052,122054],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,122053,75238],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[70,122056,2694],{"id":2693},[995,122058,122060,122061,3736,122063,3348],{"id":122059},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,122062,75238],{},[15,122064,78680],{},[20,122066,122067,122069],{},[15,122068,75238],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[995,122071,6003,122073,6006,122075,3348],{"id":122072},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,122074,78680],{},[15,122076,4630],{},[20,122078,122079],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[995,122081,2734,122083,122085],{"id":122082},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,122084,75238],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,122087,122088],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[995,122090,29169,122092,122094],{"id":122091},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,122093,65129],{}," on a string?",[20,122096,47182,122097,122099,122100,40749],{},[15,122098,65129],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,122101,122102],{},"sorted(string)",[995,122104,12662,122106,5241,122108,122110],{"id":122105},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,122107,75238],{},[15,122109,65129],{}," both support descending order?",[20,122112,122113,122114,307],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,122115,78904],{},[70,122117,2751],{"id":2750},[30,122119,122120,122126,122132,122136,122140],{},[33,122121,122122],{},[303,122123,13,122124,591],{"href":75335},[15,122125,75238],{},[33,122127,122128],{},[303,122129,13,122130,11583],{"href":75589},[15,122131,78680],{},[33,122133,122134],{},[303,122135,80686],{"href":79189},[33,122137,122138],{},[303,122139,121423],{"href":121422},[33,122141,122142],{},[303,122143,53588],{"href":51795},[2785,122145,122146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":122148},[122149,122150,122151,122155,122159,122162,122166,122170,122175,122185,122186,122187,122199],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":120217,"depth":125,"text":120218},{"id":118320,"depth":125,"text":120042,"children":122152},[122153],{"id":120284,"depth":153,"text":122154},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78746,"depth":125,"text":80708,"children":122156},[122157],{"id":120461,"depth":153,"text":122158},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120557,"depth":125,"text":120558,"children":122160},[122161],{"id":120583,"depth":153,"text":120584},{"id":120789,"depth":125,"text":122163,"children":122164},"When to use sorted()",[122165],{"id":120811,"depth":153,"text":120812},{"id":120946,"depth":125,"text":122167,"children":122168},"When to use list.sort()",[122169],{"id":120969,"depth":153,"text":120970},{"id":121083,"depth":125,"text":122171,"children":122172},"reverse and key work with both",[122173,122174],{"id":121114,"depth":153,"text":121115},{"id":121242,"depth":153,"text":121243},{"id":121426,"depth":125,"text":121427,"children":122176},[122177,122179,122181,122183],{"id":121433,"depth":153,"text":122178},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121557,"depth":153,"text":122180},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121706,"depth":153,"text":122182},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121757,"depth":153,"text":122184},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114324,"depth":125,"text":114325},{"id":122026,"depth":125,"text":122027},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":122188},[122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"id":122059,"depth":153,"text":122190},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":122072,"depth":153,"text":122192},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":122082,"depth":153,"text":122194},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":122091,"depth":153,"text":122196},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":122105,"depth":153,"text":122198},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":120088,"description":122200},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122206,"title":42993,"body":122207,"description":123939,"extension":2830,"meta":123940,"navigation":472,"path":123941,"seo":123942,"stem":123943,"__hash__":123944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122208,"toc":123896},[122209,122214,122219,122225,122227,122282,122286,122309,122314,122319,122324,122326,122357,122360,122374,122376,122378,122393,122398,122402,122405,122456,122460,122474,122481,122485,122489,122544,122548,122571,122575,122631,122635,122658,122662,122717,122721,122744,122748,122815,122819,122854,122860,122865,122870,122872,122886,122888,122962,122966,122986,122991,122998,123001,123013,123015,123084,123088,123125,123128,123153,123160,123169,123172,123184,123190,123196,123198,123204,123209,123288,123292,123333,123337,123339,123366,123369,123392,123395,123401,123404,123441,123453,123460,123462,123513,123516,123548,123551,123553,123560,123562,123577,123579,123636,123640,123664,123666,123671,123687,123694,123698,123701,123784,123794,123796,123801,123804,123810,123813,123819,123822,123828,123831,123838,123846,123848,123893],[10,122210,13,122212,18],{"id":122211},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122213,545],{},[20,122215,33159,122216,122218],{},[15,122217,545],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122220,122221,122222,122224],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122223,545],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[70,122226,73],{"id":72},[75,122228,122230],{"className":77,"code":122229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122231,122232,122240,122254,122258,122268],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122233,122234,122236,122238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122235,22471],{"class":90},[84,122237,95],{"class":94},[84,122239,46043],{"class":102},[84,122241,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122243,35526],{"class":90},[84,122245,95],{"class":94},[84,122247,49719],{"class":140},[84,122249,137],{"class":98},[84,122251,10139],{"class":146},[84,122253,150],{"class":98},[84,122255,122256],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122257,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122259,122260,122262,122264,122266],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122261,156],{"class":133},[84,122263,137],{"class":98},[84,122265,35547],{"class":146},[84,122267,150],{"class":98},[84,122269,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122271,156],{"class":133},[84,122273,137],{"class":98},[84,122275,2624],{"class":140},[84,122277,137],{"class":98},[84,122279,35547],{"class":146},[84,122281,169],{"class":98},[20,122283,122284],{},[53,122285,172],{},[75,122287,122289],{"className":77,"code":122288,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122290,122291,122295],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122292,122293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122294,3564],{"class":102},[84,122296,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122298,1251],{"class":94},[84,122300,4152],{"class":614},[84,122302,196],{"class":185},[84,122304,141],{"class":189},[84,122306,186],{"class":185},[84,122308,1270],{"class":94},[20,122310,224,122311,122313],{},[15,122312,545],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[70,122315,235,122317,238],{"id":122316},"what-str-does",[15,122318,545],{},[20,122320,122321,122323],{},[15,122322,545],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122325,2970],{},[30,122327,122328,122335,122342,122349],{},[33,122329,122330,122331,551,122333],{},"An integer like ",[15,122332,437],{},[15,122334,42944],{},[33,122336,122337,122338,551,122340],{},"A float like ",[15,122339,40960],{},[15,122341,48909],{},[33,122343,122344,122345,551,122347],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122346,4459],{},[15,122348,7480],{},[33,122350,122351,122352,551,122354],{},"A list like ",[15,122353,76060],{},[15,122355,122356],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122358,122359],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,122361,122362,122365,122368,122371],{},[33,122363,122364],{},"print it",[33,122366,122367],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,122369,122370],{},"save it to a file",[33,122372,122373],{},"use it in messages",[70,122375,311],{"id":310},[20,122377,8057],{},[75,122379,122381],{"className":77,"code":122380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"str(object)\n",[15,122382,122383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122384,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122386,141],{"class":140},[84,122388,137],{"class":98},[84,122390,43216],{"class":140},[84,122392,150],{"class":98},[20,122394,21613,122395,122397],{},[15,122396,43216],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122399,122400,9064],{},[15,122401,545],{},[20,122403,122404],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[75,122406,122408],{"className":77,"code":122407,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122409,122410,122419,122442,122446],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122411,122412,122414,122416],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122413,5943],{"class":90},[84,122415,95],{"class":94},[84,122417,122418],{"class":102}," 100\n",[84,122420,122421,122423,122425,122427,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122422,90605],{"class":90},[84,122424,95],{"class":94},[84,122426,4211],{"class":185},[84,122428,122429],{"class":189},"Your score is ",[84,122431,3711],{"class":185},[84,122433,3311],{"class":94},[84,122435,49719],{"class":140},[84,122437,137],{"class":98},[84,122439,86118],{"class":146},[84,122441,150],{"class":98},[84,122443,122444],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122445,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122449,156],{"class":133},[84,122451,137],{"class":98},[84,122453,90622],{"class":146},[84,122455,150],{"class":98},[20,122457,122458],{},[53,122459,172],{},[75,122461,122463],{"className":77,"code":122462,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122464,122465],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122466,122467,122470,122472],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122468,122469],{"class":90},"Your score ",[84,122471,13037],{"class":94},[84,122473,122418],{"class":102},[20,122475,3154,122476,122480],{},[303,122477,122478,3161],{"href":3157},[15,122479,3160],{}," can help you check.",[70,122482,122484],{"id":122483},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[995,122486,122488],{"id":122487},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[75,122490,122492],{"className":77,"code":122491,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122493,122494,122502,122516,122520,122530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122495,122496,122498,122500],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122497,3076],{"class":90},[84,122499,95],{"class":94},[84,122501,3442],{"class":102},[84,122503,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512,122514],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122505,35526],{"class":90},[84,122507,95],{"class":94},[84,122509,49719],{"class":140},[84,122511,137],{"class":98},[84,122513,3098],{"class":146},[84,122515,150],{"class":98},[84,122517,122518],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122519,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122521,122522,122524,122526,122528],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122523,156],{"class":133},[84,122525,137],{"class":98},[84,122527,35547],{"class":146},[84,122529,150],{"class":98},[84,122531,122532,122534,122536,122538,122540,122542],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122533,156],{"class":133},[84,122535,137],{"class":98},[84,122537,2624],{"class":140},[84,122539,137],{"class":98},[84,122541,35547],{"class":146},[84,122543,169],{"class":98},[20,122545,122546],{},[53,122547,172],{},[75,122549,122551],{"className":77,"code":122550,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122552,122553,122557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122554,122555],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122556,3233],{"class":102},[84,122558,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122560,1251],{"class":94},[84,122562,4152],{"class":614},[84,122564,196],{"class":185},[84,122566,141],{"class":189},[84,122568,186],{"class":185},[84,122570,1270],{"class":94},[995,122572,122574],{"id":122573},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[75,122576,122578],{"className":77,"code":122577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122579,122580,122589,122603,122607,122617],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122581,122582,122584,122586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122583,41204],{"class":90},[84,122585,95],{"class":94},[84,122587,122588],{"class":102}," 3.14\n",[84,122590,122591,122593,122595,122597,122599,122601],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122592,35526],{"class":90},[84,122594,95],{"class":94},[84,122596,49719],{"class":140},[84,122598,137],{"class":98},[84,122600,25989],{"class":146},[84,122602,150],{"class":98},[84,122604,122605],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122606,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122608,122609,122611,122613,122615],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122610,156],{"class":133},[84,122612,137],{"class":98},[84,122614,35547],{"class":146},[84,122616,150],{"class":98},[84,122618,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122620,156],{"class":133},[84,122622,137],{"class":98},[84,122624,2624],{"class":140},[84,122626,137],{"class":98},[84,122628,35547],{"class":146},[84,122630,169],{"class":98},[20,122632,122633],{},[53,122634,172],{},[75,122636,122638],{"className":77,"code":122637,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122639,122640,122644],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122641,122642],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122643,40994],{"class":102},[84,122645,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654,122656],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122647,1251],{"class":94},[84,122649,4152],{"class":614},[84,122651,196],{"class":185},[84,122653,141],{"class":189},[84,122655,186],{"class":185},[84,122657,1270],{"class":94},[995,122659,122661],{"id":122660},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[75,122663,122665],{"className":77,"code":122664,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122666,122667,122675,122689,122693,122703],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122668,122669,122671,122673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122670,3304],{"class":90},[84,122672,95],{"class":94},[84,122674,7263],{"class":4704},[84,122676,122677,122679,122681,122683,122685,122687],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122678,35526],{"class":90},[84,122680,95],{"class":94},[84,122682,49719],{"class":140},[84,122684,137],{"class":98},[84,122686,3329],{"class":146},[84,122688,150],{"class":98},[84,122690,122691],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122692,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122694,122695,122697,122699,122701],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122696,156],{"class":133},[84,122698,137],{"class":98},[84,122700,35547],{"class":146},[84,122702,150],{"class":98},[84,122704,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713,122715],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122706,156],{"class":133},[84,122708,137],{"class":98},[84,122710,2624],{"class":140},[84,122712,137],{"class":98},[84,122714,35547],{"class":146},[84,122716,169],{"class":98},[20,122718,122719],{},[53,122720,172],{},[75,122722,122724],{"className":77,"code":122723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122725,122726,122730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122727,122728],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122729,4828],{"class":4704},[84,122731,122732,122734,122736,122738,122740,122742],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122733,1251],{"class":94},[84,122735,4152],{"class":614},[84,122737,196],{"class":185},[84,122739,141],{"class":189},[84,122741,186],{"class":185},[84,122743,1270],{"class":94},[995,122745,122747],{"id":122746},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[75,122749,122751],{"className":77,"code":122750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122752,122753,122773,122787,122791,122801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122754,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122756,8620],{"class":90},[84,122758,95],{"class":94},[84,122760,99],{"class":98},[84,122762,103],{"class":102},[84,122764,106],{"class":98},[84,122766,109],{"class":102},[84,122768,106],{"class":98},[84,122770,114],{"class":102},[84,122772,122],{"class":98},[84,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122776,35526],{"class":90},[84,122778,95],{"class":94},[84,122780,49719],{"class":140},[84,122782,137],{"class":98},[84,122784,8649],{"class":146},[84,122786,150],{"class":98},[84,122788,122789],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122790,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122792,122793,122795,122797,122799],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122794,156],{"class":133},[84,122796,137],{"class":98},[84,122798,35547],{"class":146},[84,122800,150],{"class":98},[84,122802,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122804,156],{"class":133},[84,122806,137],{"class":98},[84,122808,2624],{"class":140},[84,122810,137],{"class":98},[84,122812,35547],{"class":146},[84,122814,169],{"class":98},[20,122816,122817],{},[53,122818,172],{},[75,122820,122822],{"className":77,"code":122821,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122823,122824,122840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122825,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834,122836,122838],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122827,182],{"class":98},[84,122829,103],{"class":102},[84,122831,106],{"class":98},[84,122833,109],{"class":102},[84,122835,106],{"class":98},[84,122837,114],{"class":102},[84,122839,122],{"class":98},[84,122841,122842,122844,122846,122848,122850,122852],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122843,1251],{"class":94},[84,122845,4152],{"class":614},[84,122847,196],{"class":185},[84,122849,141],{"class":189},[84,122851,186],{"class":185},[84,122853,1270],{"class":94},[20,122855,122856,122857,122859],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[53,122858,55],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[70,122861,1741,122863],{"id":122862},"when-to-use-str",[15,122864,545],{},[20,122866,224,122867,122869],{},[15,122868,545],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122871,37263],{},[30,122873,122874,122877,122880,122883],{},[33,122875,122876],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122878,122879],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122881,122882],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122884,122885],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122887,814],{},[75,122889,122891],{"className":77,"code":122890,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122892,122893,122905,122913,122917,122952],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122894,122895,122897,122899,122901,122903],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122896,8716],{"class":90},[84,122898,95],{"class":94},[84,122900,4211],{"class":185},[84,122902,12352],{"class":189},[84,122904,4217],{"class":185},[84,122906,122907,122909,122911],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,122908,22471],{"class":90},[84,122910,95],{"class":94},[84,122912,46043],{"class":102},[84,122914,122915],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,122916,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,122918,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122950],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,122920,90605],{"class":90},[84,122922,95],{"class":94},[84,122924,36806],{"class":90},[84,122926,847],{"class":94},[84,122928,4211],{"class":185},[84,122930,5631],{"class":189},[84,122932,3711],{"class":185},[84,122934,3311],{"class":94},[84,122936,49719],{"class":140},[84,122938,137],{"class":98},[84,122940,10139],{"class":146},[84,122942,1970],{"class":98},[84,122944,3311],{"class":94},[84,122946,4211],{"class":185},[84,122948,122949],{"class":189}," years old.",[84,122951,4217],{"class":185},[84,122953,122954,122956,122958,122960],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,122955,156],{"class":133},[84,122957,137],{"class":98},[84,122959,90622],{"class":146},[84,122961,150],{"class":98},[20,122963,122964],{},[53,122965,172],{},[75,122967,122969],{"className":77,"code":122968,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122970,122971],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,122972,122973,122976,122978,122980,122983],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,122974,122975],{"class":90},"Maya ",[84,122977,13037],{"class":94},[84,122979,10146],{"class":102},[84,122981,122982],{"class":90}," years old",[84,122984,122985],{"class":98},".\n",[20,122987,122988,122989,307],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[303,122990,90291],{"href":90290},[70,122992,122994,11427,122996],{"id":122993},"str-vs-print",[15,122995,545],{},[15,122997,47269],{},[20,122999,123000],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,123002,123003,123008],{},[33,123004,123005,123007],{},[15,123006,545],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,123009,123010,123012],{},[15,123011,47269],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,123014,814],{},[75,123016,123018],{"className":77,"code":123017,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,123019,123020,123028,123032,123046,123056,123070],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123021,123022,123024,123026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123023,3304],{"class":90},[84,123025,95],{"class":94},[84,123027,3624],{"class":102},[84,123029,123030],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123031,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123033,123034,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123035,35526],{"class":90},[84,123037,95],{"class":94},[84,123039,49719],{"class":140},[84,123041,137],{"class":98},[84,123043,3329],{"class":146},[84,123045,150],{"class":98},[84,123047,123048,123050,123052,123054],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123049,156],{"class":133},[84,123051,137],{"class":98},[84,123053,35547],{"class":146},[84,123055,150],{"class":98},[84,123057,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066,123068],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,123059,156],{"class":133},[84,123061,137],{"class":98},[84,123063,2624],{"class":140},[84,123065,137],{"class":98},[84,123067,35547],{"class":146},[84,123069,169],{"class":98},[84,123071,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,123073,156],{"class":133},[84,123075,137],{"class":98},[84,123077,2624],{"class":140},[84,123079,137],{"class":98},[84,123081,3329],{"class":146},[84,123083,169],{"class":98},[20,123085,123086],{},[53,123087,172],{},[75,123089,123091],{"className":77,"code":123090,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,123092,123093,123097,123111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123094,123095],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123096,47429],{"class":102},[84,123098,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123100,1251],{"class":94},[84,123102,4152],{"class":614},[84,123104,196],{"class":185},[84,123106,141],{"class":189},[84,123108,186],{"class":185},[84,123110,1270],{"class":94},[84,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123114,1251],{"class":94},[84,123116,4152],{"class":614},[84,123118,196],{"class":185},[84,123120,365],{"class":189},[84,123122,186],{"class":185},[84,123124,1270],{"class":94},[20,123126,123127],{},"Notice:",[30,123129,123130,123136,123141],{},[33,123131,123132,123135],{},[15,123133,123134],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,123137,123138,123140],{},[15,123139,47269],{}," only displayed values",[33,123142,123143,123145,123146,123148,123149,62118,123151],{},[15,123144,47269],{}," did not change ",[15,123147,3329],{}," from ",[15,123150,365],{},[15,123152,141],{},[20,123154,123155,123156,307],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[303,123157,123158,3161],{"href":47266},[15,123159,47269],{},[70,123161,123163,11427,123165,123168],{"id":123162},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123164,545],{},[15,123166,123167],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123170,123171],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,123173,123174,123179],{},[33,123175,123176,123178],{},[15,123177,545],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,123180,123181,123183],{},[15,123182,123167],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123185,123186,123187,123189],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123188,545],{}," much more often.",[20,123191,123192,123193,123195],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123194,545],{}," is usually the right choice.",[70,123197,2058],{"id":2057},[995,123199,26614,123201,123203],{"id":123200},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123202,545],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123205,123206,123208],{},[15,123207,545],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[75,123210,123212],{"className":77,"code":123211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123213,123214,123222,123236,123240,123250,123264,123274],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123215,123216,123218,123220],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123217,22471],{"class":90},[84,123219,95],{"class":94},[84,123221,46043],{"class":102},[84,123223,123224,123226,123228,123230,123232,123234],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123225,35526],{"class":90},[84,123227,95],{"class":94},[84,123229,49719],{"class":140},[84,123231,137],{"class":98},[84,123233,10139],{"class":146},[84,123235,150],{"class":98},[84,123237,123238],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123239,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123241,123242,123244,123246,123248],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123243,156],{"class":133},[84,123245,137],{"class":98},[84,123247,10139],{"class":146},[84,123249,150],{"class":98},[84,123251,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,123253,156],{"class":133},[84,123255,137],{"class":98},[84,123257,2624],{"class":140},[84,123259,137],{"class":98},[84,123261,10139],{"class":146},[84,123263,169],{"class":98},[84,123265,123266,123268,123270,123272],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,123267,156],{"class":133},[84,123269,137],{"class":98},[84,123271,35547],{"class":146},[84,123273,150],{"class":98},[84,123275,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284,123286],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,123277,156],{"class":133},[84,123279,137],{"class":98},[84,123281,2624],{"class":140},[84,123283,137],{"class":98},[84,123285,35547],{"class":146},[84,123287,169],{"class":98},[20,123289,123290],{},[53,123291,172],{},[75,123293,123295],{"className":77,"code":123294,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123296,123297,123301,123315,123319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123298,123299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123300,3564],{"class":102},[84,123302,123303,123305,123307,123309,123311,123313],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123304,1251],{"class":94},[84,123306,4152],{"class":614},[84,123308,196],{"class":185},[84,123310,365],{"class":189},[84,123312,186],{"class":185},[84,123314,1270],{"class":94},[84,123316,123317],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123318,3564],{"class":102},[84,123320,123321,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123322,1251],{"class":94},[84,123324,4152],{"class":614},[84,123326,196],{"class":185},[84,123328,141],{"class":189},[84,123330,186],{"class":185},[84,123332,1270],{"class":94},[995,123334,123336],{"id":123335},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123338,7526],{},[75,123340,123342],{"className":77,"code":123341,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123343,123344,123352],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123345,123346,123348,123350],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123347,22471],{"class":90},[84,123349,95],{"class":94},[84,123351,46043],{"class":102},[84,123353,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123355,35526],{"class":90},[84,123357,95],{"class":94},[84,123359,49719],{"class":140},[84,123361,137],{"class":98},[84,123363,10139],{"class":146},[84,123365,150],{"class":98},[20,123367,123368],{},"But if you only do this:",[75,123370,123372],{"className":77,"code":123371,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123373,123374,123382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123375,123376,123378,123380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123377,22471],{"class":90},[84,123379,95],{"class":94},[84,123381,46043],{"class":102},[84,123383,123384,123386,123388,123390],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123385,141],{"class":140},[84,123387,137],{"class":98},[84,123389,10139],{"class":146},[84,123391,150],{"class":98},[20,123393,123394],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[995,123396,595,123398,123400],{"id":123397},"using-str-too-early",[15,123399,545],{}," too early",[20,123402,123403],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[75,123405,123407],{"className":77,"code":123406,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123408,123409,123417,123432,123436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123410,123411,123413,123415],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123412,41204],{"class":90},[84,123414,95],{"class":94},[84,123416,3442],{"class":102},[84,123418,123419,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123420,123421],{"class":90},"text_price ",[84,123423,95],{"class":94},[84,123425,49719],{"class":140},[84,123427,137],{"class":98},[84,123429,25989],{"class":146},[84,123431,150],{"class":98},[84,123433,123434],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123435,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123437,123438],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123439,123440],{"class":4517},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123442,123443,123444,3736,123448,123452],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[303,123445,123446],{"href":3732},[15,123447,3735],{},[303,123449,123450],{"href":3739},[15,123451,3742],{},", depending on the situation.",[995,123454,9291,123456,123459],{"id":123455},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123457,123458],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123461,65461],{},[75,123463,123465],{"className":77,"code":123464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123466,123467,123499],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123468,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123470,8620],{"class":90},[84,123472,95],{"class":94},[84,123474,99],{"class":98},[84,123476,3711],{"class":185},[84,123478,4928],{"class":189},[84,123480,3711],{"class":185},[84,123482,106],{"class":98},[84,123484,4211],{"class":185},[84,123486,4937],{"class":189},[84,123488,3711],{"class":185},[84,123490,106],{"class":98},[84,123492,4211],{"class":185},[84,123494,34061],{"class":189},[84,123496,3711],{"class":185},[84,123498,122],{"class":98},[84,123500,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123502,156],{"class":133},[84,123504,137],{"class":98},[84,123506,141],{"class":140},[84,123508,137],{"class":98},[84,123510,8649],{"class":146},[84,123512,169],{"class":98},[20,123514,123515],{},"prints:",[75,123517,123518],{"className":77,"code":73650,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,123519,123520],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123521,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544,123546],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123523,182],{"class":98},[84,123525,186],{"class":185},[84,123527,4928],{"class":189},[84,123529,186],{"class":185},[84,123531,106],{"class":98},[84,123533,196],{"class":185},[84,123535,4937],{"class":189},[84,123537,186],{"class":185},[84,123539,106],{"class":98},[84,123541,196],{"class":185},[84,123543,34061],{"class":189},[84,123545,186],{"class":185},[84,123547,122],{"class":98},[20,123549,123550],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[70,123552,18259],{"id":18258},[20,123554,123555,22818,123557,307],{},[15,123556,545],{},[53,123558,123559],{},"new string",[20,123561,12303],{},[30,123563,123564,123567,123570],{},[33,123565,123566],{},"It always returns a string",[33,123568,123569],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,123571,8603,123572,123576],{},[303,123573,123574],{"href":3157},[15,123575,3160],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123578,814],{},[75,123580,123582],{"className":77,"code":123581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123583,123584,123592,123607,123611,123622],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123585,123586,123588,123590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123587,3304],{"class":90},[84,123589,95],{"class":94},[84,123591,14974],{"class":102},[84,123593,123594,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123595,123596],{"class":90},"converted ",[84,123598,95],{"class":94},[84,123600,49719],{"class":140},[84,123602,137],{"class":98},[84,123604,3329],{"class":146},[84,123606,150],{"class":98},[84,123608,123609],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123610,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123612,123613,123615,123617,123620],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123614,156],{"class":133},[84,123616,137],{"class":98},[84,123618,123619],{"class":146},"converted",[84,123621,150],{"class":98},[84,123623,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,123625,156],{"class":133},[84,123627,137],{"class":98},[84,123629,2624],{"class":140},[84,123631,137],{"class":98},[84,123633,123619],{"class":146},[84,123635,169],{"class":98},[20,123637,123638],{},[53,123639,172],{},[75,123641,123643],{"className":77,"code":123642,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123644,123645,123650],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123646,123647],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123648,123649],{"class":102},"99\n",[84,123651,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123653,1251],{"class":94},[84,123655,4152],{"class":614},[84,123657,196],{"class":185},[84,123659,141],{"class":189},[84,123661,186],{"class":185},[84,123663,1270],{"class":94},[70,123665,114325],{"id":114324},[20,123667,123668,123669,75629],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123670,545],{},[30,123672,123673,123676,123679,123684],{},[33,123674,123675],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,123677,123678],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,123680,595,123681,123683],{},[15,123682,545],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,123685,123686],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123688,123689,123690,307],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[303,123691,26519,123692],{"href":91003},[15,123693,91004],{},[70,123695,123697],{"id":123696},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123699,123700],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[75,123702,123704],{"className":77,"code":123703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123705,123706,123714,123718,123728,123742,123746,123760,123770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123707,123708,123710,123712],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123709,3304],{"class":90},[84,123711,95],{"class":94},[84,123713,46043],{"class":102},[84,123715,123716],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,123717,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123719,123720,123722,123724,123726],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,123721,156],{"class":133},[84,123723,137],{"class":98},[84,123725,3329],{"class":146},[84,123727,150],{"class":98},[84,123729,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,123731,156],{"class":133},[84,123733,137],{"class":98},[84,123735,2624],{"class":140},[84,123737,137],{"class":98},[84,123739,3329],{"class":146},[84,123741,169],{"class":98},[84,123743,123744],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,123745,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,123747,123748,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,123749,123596],{"class":90},[84,123751,95],{"class":94},[84,123753,49719],{"class":140},[84,123755,137],{"class":98},[84,123757,3329],{"class":146},[84,123759,150],{"class":98},[84,123761,123762,123764,123766,123768],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,123763,156],{"class":133},[84,123765,137],{"class":98},[84,123767,123619],{"class":146},[84,123769,150],{"class":98},[84,123771,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780,123782],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,123773,156],{"class":133},[84,123775,137],{"class":98},[84,123777,2624],{"class":140},[84,123779,137],{"class":98},[84,123781,123619],{"class":146},[84,123783,169],{"class":98},[20,123785,123786,123787,362,123789,123791,123792,307],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123788,365],{},[15,123790,3052],{},", or another type into ",[15,123793,141],{},[70,123795,2694],{"id":2693},[995,123797,5987,123799,5990],{"id":123798},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123800,545],{},[20,123802,123803],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[995,123805,2698,123807,123809],{"id":123806},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123808,545],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123811,123812],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[995,123814,2734,123816,123818],{"id":123815},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123817,545],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123820,123821],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[995,123823,95189,123825,123827],{"id":123824},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123826,545],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123829,123830],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[995,123832,2715,123834,58021,123836,3348],{"id":123833},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123835,545],{},[15,123837,47269],{},[20,123839,47182,123840,123842,123843,123845],{},[15,123841,545],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123844,47269],{}," shows output.",[70,123847,2751],{"id":2750},[30,123849,123850,123856,123862,123868,123874,123883,123887],{},[33,123851,123852],{},[303,123853,123854,591],{"href":47266},[15,123855,47269],{},[33,123857,123858],{},[303,123859,123860,591],{"href":3157},[15,123861,3160],{},[33,123863,123864],{},[303,123865,123866,591],{"href":3732},[15,123867,3735],{},[33,123869,123870],{},[303,123871,123872,591],{"href":3739},[15,123873,3742],{},[33,123875,123876],{},[303,123877,123879,123880,123882],{"href":123878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123881,365],{}," to string in Python",[33,123884,123885],{},[303,123886,91281],{"href":90290},[33,123888,123889],{},[303,123890,31189,123891],{"href":91003},[15,123892,91004],{},[2785,123894,123895],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":123897},[123898,123899,123901,123902,123908,123910,123912,123914,123923,123924,123925,123926,123938],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":122316,"depth":125,"text":123900},"What str() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":122483,"depth":125,"text":122484,"children":123903},[123904,123905,123906,123907],{"id":122487,"depth":153,"text":122488},{"id":122573,"depth":153,"text":122574},{"id":122660,"depth":153,"text":122661},{"id":122746,"depth":153,"text":122747},{"id":122862,"depth":125,"text":123909},"When to use str()",{"id":122993,"depth":125,"text":123911},"str() vs print()",{"id":123162,"depth":125,"text":123913},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":123915},[123916,123918,123919,123921],{"id":123200,"depth":153,"text":123917},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123335,"depth":153,"text":123336},{"id":123397,"depth":153,"text":123920},"Using str() too early",{"id":123455,"depth":153,"text":123922},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":114324,"depth":125,"text":114325},{"id":123696,"depth":125,"text":123697},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":123927},[123928,123930,123932,123934,123936],{"id":123798,"depth":153,"text":123929},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123806,"depth":153,"text":123931},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123815,"depth":153,"text":123933},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123824,"depth":153,"text":123935},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123833,"depth":153,"text":123937},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42993,"description":123939},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123946,"title":123947,"body":123948,"description":125401,"extension":2830,"meta":125402,"navigation":472,"path":125403,"seo":125404,"stem":125405,"__hash__":125406},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123949,"toc":125363},[123950,123956,123962,123965,123987,123989,124051,124053,124066,124072,124077,124082,124084,124097,124108,124110,124137,124139,124156,124163,124174,124176,124181,124183,124195,124203,124212,124214,124217,124270,124272,124280,124288,124292,124297,124337,124339,124347,124350,124352,124392,124394,124402,124412,124418,124421,124494,124496,124509,124513,124518,124546,124549,124584,124586,124594,124597,124601,124605,124607,124623,124625,124665,124667,124675,124684,124727,124729,124737,124739,124743,124749,124752,124792,124794,124802,124807,124810,124853,124857,124860,124895,124900,124902,124941,124951,124959,124969,124977,124981,124986,124988,125029,125031,125039,125044,125047,125050,125068,125074,125078,125083,125086,125126,125128,125133,125232,125235,125251,125253,125272,125274,125281,125284,125290,125293,125299,125303,125309,125312,125318,125321,125323,125360],[10,123951,123953,123954,12166],{"id":123952},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123955,58106],{},[20,123957,123958,123959,123961],{},"The Python string ",[15,123960,58106],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123963,123964],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123966,123967,123971,123974,123976,123984],{},[33,123968,26859,123969,238],{},[15,123970,58106],{},[33,123972,123973],{},"its syntax",[33,123975,36231],{},[33,123977,123978,123979,5241,123981,123983],{},"how ",[15,123980,36910],{},[15,123982,53477],{}," work",[33,123985,123986],{},"common beginner mistakes",[70,123988,73],{"id":72},[75,123990,123992],{"className":77,"code":123991,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123993,123994,124006,124028],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,123995,123996,123998,124000,124002,124004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,123997,35526],{"class":90},[84,123999,95],{"class":94},[84,124001,4211],{"class":185},[84,124003,4937],{"class":189},[84,124005,4217],{"class":185},[84,124007,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124009,156],{"class":133},[84,124011,137],{"class":98},[84,124013,35547],{"class":146},[84,124015,307],{"class":98},[84,124017,42077],{"class":146},[84,124019,137],{"class":98},[84,124021,3711],{"class":185},[84,124023,303],{"class":189},[84,124025,3711],{"class":185},[84,124027,169],{"class":98},[84,124029,124030,124032,124034,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044,124047,124049],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,124031,156],{"class":133},[84,124033,137],{"class":98},[84,124035,35547],{"class":146},[84,124037,307],{"class":98},[84,124039,42077],{"class":146},[84,124041,137],{"class":98},[84,124043,3711],{"class":185},[84,124045,124046],{"class":189},"na",[84,124048,3711],{"class":185},[84,124050,169],{"class":98},[20,124052,172],{},[75,124054,124056],{"className":77,"code":124055,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"3\n2\n",[15,124057,124058,124062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124059,124060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124061,1474],{"class":102},[84,124063,124064],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124065,1469],{"class":102},[20,124067,224,124068,124071],{},[15,124069,124070],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[70,124073,13839,124075,13842],{"id":124074},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,124076,58106],{},[20,124078,124079,124081],{},[15,124080,58106],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,124083,13895],{},[30,124085,124086,124089,124092,124094],{},[33,124087,124088],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,124090,124091],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,124093,44476],{},[33,124095,124096],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,124098,124099,124100,124102,124103,362,124105,124107],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,124101,18937],{}," characters are in ",[15,124104,66091],{},[15,124106,58106],{}," is a simple choice.",[70,124109,311],{"id":310},[75,124111,124113],{"className":77,"code":124112,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,124114,124115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131,124133,124135],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124118,61991],{"class":90},[84,124120,307],{"class":98},[84,124122,42077],{"class":146},[84,124124,137],{"class":98},[84,124126,3329],{"class":146},[84,124128,106],{"class":98},[84,124130,36889],{"class":146},[84,124132,106],{"class":98},[84,124134,65857],{"class":146},[84,124136,150],{"class":98},[995,124138,18235],{"id":18234},[30,124140,124141,124146,124151],{},[33,124142,124143,124145],{},[15,124144,3329],{},": the text to search for",[33,124147,124148,124150],{},[15,124149,36910],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,124152,124153,124155],{},[15,124154,53477],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124157,124158,5241,124160,124162],{},[15,124159,36910],{},[15,124161,53477],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,124164,124165,124170],{},[33,124166,124167,124169],{},[15,124168,36910],{}," is included",[33,124171,124172,76555],{},[15,124173,53477],{},[70,124175,18259],{"id":18258},[20,124177,124178,124180],{},[15,124179,58106],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124182,2989],{},[30,124184,124185,124190],{},[33,124186,124187,124188],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124189,208],{},[33,124191,124192,124193],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124194,2983],{},[20,124196,41723,124197,6006,124199,3736,124201,307],{},[53,124198,55],{},[15,124200,4459],{},[15,124202,4528],{},[20,124204,124205,124206,124211],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[303,124207,124209,102199],{"href":124208},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124210,1434],{}," is often a better fit.",[70,124213,418],{"id":417},[20,124215,124216],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[75,124218,124220],{"className":77,"code":124219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124221,124222,124234,124256,124260],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124223,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124225,35526],{"class":90},[84,124227,95],{"class":94},[84,124229,4211],{"class":185},[84,124231,4928],{"class":189},[84,124233,4217],{"class":185},[84,124235,124236,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124237,128],{"class":90},[84,124239,95],{"class":94},[84,124241,43659],{"class":90},[84,124243,307],{"class":98},[84,124245,42077],{"class":146},[84,124247,137],{"class":98},[84,124249,3711],{"class":185},[84,124251,20],{"class":189},[84,124253,3711],{"class":185},[84,124255,150],{"class":98},[84,124257,124258],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,124259,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,124261,124262,124264,124266,124268],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,124263,156],{"class":133},[84,124265,137],{"class":98},[84,124267,166],{"class":146},[84,124269,150],{"class":98},[20,124271,172],{},[75,124273,124274],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124275,124276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124277,124278],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124279,1469],{"class":102},[20,124281,64637,124282,124285,124286,307],{},[15,124283,124284],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124287,58649],{},[70,124289,124291],{"id":124290},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124293,124294,124296],{},[15,124295,58106],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[75,124298,124300],{"className":77,"code":124299,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124301,124302,124315],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124303,124304,124306,124308,124310,124313],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124305,35526],{"class":90},[84,124307,95],{"class":94},[84,124309,4211],{"class":185},[84,124311,124312],{"class":189},"cat dog cat bird cat",[84,124314,4217],{"class":185},[84,124316,124317,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124318,156],{"class":133},[84,124320,137],{"class":98},[84,124322,35547],{"class":146},[84,124324,307],{"class":98},[84,124326,42077],{"class":146},[84,124328,137],{"class":98},[84,124330,3711],{"class":185},[84,124332,37884],{"class":189},[84,124334,3711],{"class":185},[84,124336,169],{"class":98},[20,124338,172],{},[75,124340,124341],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124342,124343],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124344,124345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124346,1474],{"class":102},[20,124348,124349],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124351,814],{},[75,124353,124355],{"className":77,"code":124354,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124356,124357,124370],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124358,124359,124361,124363,124365,124368],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124360,35526],{"class":90},[84,124362,95],{"class":94},[84,124364,4211],{"class":185},[84,124366,124367],{"class":189},"one One one",[84,124369,4217],{"class":185},[84,124371,124372,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124373,156],{"class":133},[84,124375,137],{"class":98},[84,124377,35547],{"class":146},[84,124379,307],{"class":98},[84,124381,42077],{"class":146},[84,124383,137],{"class":98},[84,124385,3711],{"class":185},[84,124387,7424],{"class":189},[84,124389,3711],{"class":185},[84,124391,169],{"class":98},[20,124393,172],{},[75,124395,124396],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124397,124398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124399,124400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124401,1469],{"class":102},[20,124403,124404,124405,124408,124409,124411],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124406,124407],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124410,58106],{}," is case-sensitive.",[70,124413,595,124414,5241,124416],{"id":66223},[15,124415,36910],{},[15,124417,53477],{},[20,124419,124420],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[75,124422,124424],{"className":77,"code":124423,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124425,124426,124438,124464],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124427,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124429,35526],{"class":90},[84,124431,95],{"class":94},[84,124433,4211],{"class":185},[84,124435,4937],{"class":189},[84,124437,4217],{"class":185},[84,124439,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124441,156],{"class":133},[84,124443,137],{"class":98},[84,124445,35547],{"class":146},[84,124447,307],{"class":98},[84,124449,42077],{"class":146},[84,124451,137],{"class":98},[84,124453,3711],{"class":185},[84,124455,303],{"class":189},[84,124457,3711],{"class":185},[84,124459,106],{"class":98},[84,124461,109],{"class":102},[84,124463,169],{"class":98},[84,124465,124466,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,124467,156],{"class":133},[84,124469,137],{"class":98},[84,124471,35547],{"class":146},[84,124473,307],{"class":98},[84,124475,42077],{"class":146},[84,124477,137],{"class":98},[84,124479,3711],{"class":185},[84,124481,303],{"class":189},[84,124483,3711],{"class":185},[84,124485,106],{"class":98},[84,124487,109],{"class":102},[84,124489,106],{"class":98},[84,124491,5452],{"class":102},[84,124493,169],{"class":98},[20,124495,172],{},[75,124497,124499],{"className":77,"code":124498,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"2\n1\n",[15,124500,124501,124505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124502,124503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124504,1469],{"class":102},[84,124506,124507],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124508,1464],{"class":102},[995,124510,124512],{"id":124511},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124514,124515,124516,3743],{},"In ",[15,124517,66091],{},[30,124519,124520,124528,124536],{},[33,124521,71779,124522,124524,124525],{},[15,124523,199],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124526,124527],{},"\"n\"",[33,124529,124530,124533,124534,76852],{},[15,124531,124532],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124535,199],{},[33,124537,124538,124533,124541,124543,124544],{},[15,124539,124540],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124542,199],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124545,3000],{},[20,124547,124548],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[75,124550,124552],{"className":77,"code":124551,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124553,124554,124566],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124555,124556,124558,124560,124562,124564],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124557,35526],{"class":90},[84,124559,95],{"class":94},[84,124561,4211],{"class":185},[84,124563,4937],{"class":189},[84,124565,4217],{"class":185},[84,124567,124568,124570,124572,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124569,156],{"class":133},[84,124571,137],{"class":98},[84,124573,35547],{"class":146},[84,124575,182],{"class":98},[84,124577,199],{"class":102},[84,124579,3743],{"class":98},[84,124581,3000],{"class":102},[84,124583,4737],{"class":98},[20,124585,172],{},[75,124587,124588],{"className":77,"code":42286,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124589,124590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124591,124592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124593,42286],{"class":90},[20,124595,124596],{},"Only that section is searched.",[70,124598,124600],{"id":124599},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124602,124603,124411],{},[15,124604,58106],{},[20,124606,2970],{},[30,124608,124609,124617],{},[33,124610,124611,5241,124613,124616],{},[15,124612,18937],{},[15,124614,124615],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,124618,124619,5241,124621,124616],{},[15,124620,65352],{},[15,124622,91016],{},[20,124624,814],{},[75,124626,124628],{"className":77,"code":124627,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124629,124630,124643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124631,124632,124634,124636,124638,124641],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124633,35526],{"class":90},[84,124635,95],{"class":94},[84,124637,4211],{"class":185},[84,124639,124640],{"class":189},"Apple apple APPLE",[84,124642,4217],{"class":185},[84,124644,124645,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124646,156],{"class":133},[84,124648,137],{"class":98},[84,124650,35547],{"class":146},[84,124652,307],{"class":98},[84,124654,42077],{"class":146},[84,124656,137],{"class":98},[84,124658,3711],{"class":185},[84,124660,4928],{"class":189},[84,124662,3711],{"class":185},[84,124664,169],{"class":98},[20,124666,172],{},[75,124668,124669],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124670,124671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124672,124673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124674,1464],{"class":102},[20,124676,124677,124678,3743],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[303,124679,124681],{"href":124680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124682,124683],{},"lower()",[75,124685,124687],{"className":77,"code":124686,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124688,124689,124701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124690,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124692,35526],{"class":90},[84,124694,95],{"class":94},[84,124696,4211],{"class":185},[84,124698,124640],{"class":189},[84,124700,4217],{"class":185},[84,124702,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124704,156],{"class":133},[84,124706,137],{"class":98},[84,124708,35547],{"class":146},[84,124710,307],{"class":98},[84,124712,9479],{"class":146},[84,124714,9476],{"class":98},[84,124716,42077],{"class":146},[84,124718,137],{"class":98},[84,124720,3711],{"class":185},[84,124722,4928],{"class":189},[84,124724,3711],{"class":185},[84,124726,169],{"class":98},[20,124728,172],{},[75,124730,124731],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124732,124733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124734,124735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124736,1474],{"class":102},[70,124738,3686],{"id":3685},[20,124740,23937,124741,307],{},[15,124742,58106],{},[995,124744,9291,124746,124748],{"id":124745},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124747,58106],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124750,124751],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[75,124753,124755],{"className":77,"code":124754,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124756,124757,124770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765,124768],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124760,35526],{"class":90},[84,124762,95],{"class":94},[84,124764,4211],{"class":185},[84,124766,124767],{"class":189},"Aardvark",[84,124769,4217],{"class":185},[84,124771,124772,124774,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786,124788,124790],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124773,156],{"class":133},[84,124775,137],{"class":98},[84,124777,35547],{"class":146},[84,124779,307],{"class":98},[84,124781,42077],{"class":146},[84,124783,137],{"class":98},[84,124785,3711],{"class":185},[84,124787,303],{"class":189},[84,124789,3711],{"class":185},[84,124791,169],{"class":98},[20,124793,172],{},[75,124795,124796],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,124797,124798],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124799,124800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124801,1469],{"class":102},[20,124803,124404,124804,124806],{},[15,124805,124615],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124808,124809],{},"If needed, convert first:",[75,124811,124813],{"className":77,"code":124812,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124814,124815,124827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124816,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124818,35526],{"class":90},[84,124820,95],{"class":94},[84,124822,4211],{"class":185},[84,124824,124767],{"class":189},[84,124826,4217],{"class":185},[84,124828,124829,124831,124833,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124830,156],{"class":133},[84,124832,137],{"class":98},[84,124834,35547],{"class":146},[84,124836,307],{"class":98},[84,124838,9479],{"class":146},[84,124840,9476],{"class":98},[84,124842,42077],{"class":146},[84,124844,137],{"class":98},[84,124846,3711],{"class":185},[84,124848,303],{"class":189},[84,124850,3711],{"class":185},[84,124852,169],{"class":98},[995,124854,124856],{"id":124855},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124858,124859],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[75,124861,124863],{"className":77,"code":124862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124864,124865,124877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124866,124867,124869,124871,124873,124875],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124868,35526],{"class":90},[84,124870,95],{"class":94},[84,124872,4211],{"class":185},[84,124874,4937],{"class":189},[84,124876,4217],{"class":185},[84,124878,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887,124889,124891,124893],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124880,156],{"class":133},[84,124882,137],{"class":98},[84,124884,35547],{"class":146},[84,124886,307],{"class":98},[84,124888,42077],{"class":146},[84,124890,137],{"class":98},[84,124892,303],{"class":146},[84,124894,169],{"class":98},[20,124896,124897,124898,307],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124899,303],{},[20,124901,11650],{},[75,124903,124905],{"className":77,"code":124904,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124906,124907,124919],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124908,124909,124911,124913,124915,124917],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124910,35526],{"class":90},[84,124912,95],{"class":94},[84,124914,4211],{"class":185},[84,124916,4937],{"class":189},[84,124918,4217],{"class":185},[84,124920,124921,124923,124925,124927,124929,124931,124933,124935,124937,124939],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,124922,156],{"class":133},[84,124924,137],{"class":98},[84,124926,35547],{"class":146},[84,124928,307],{"class":98},[84,124930,42077],{"class":146},[84,124932,137],{"class":98},[84,124934,3711],{"class":185},[84,124936,303],{"class":189},[84,124938,3711],{"class":185},[84,124940,169],{"class":98},[995,124942,38041,124944,9544,124946,3736,124949],{"id":124943},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124945,58106],{},[15,124947,124948],{},"find()",[15,124950,59784],{},[20,124952,224,124953,124955,124956,307],{},[15,124954,58106],{}," when you need the ",[53,124957,124958],{},"number of matches",[20,124960,224,124961,124955,124966,124968],{},[303,124962,124964],{"href":124963},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124965,124948],{},[53,124967,65763],{}," of the first match.",[20,124970,224,124971,124976],{},[303,124972,124974],{"href":124973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124975,59784],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[995,124978,124980],{"id":124979},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124982,124983,124985],{},[15,124984,58106],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124987,814],{},[75,124989,124991],{"className":77,"code":124990,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124992,124993,125006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,124994,124995,124997,124999,125001,125004],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,124996,35526],{"class":90},[84,124998,95],{"class":94},[84,125000,4211],{"class":185},[84,125002,125003],{"class":189},"aaaa",[84,125005,4217],{"class":185},[84,125007,125008,125010,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022,125025,125027],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125009,156],{"class":133},[84,125011,137],{"class":98},[84,125013,35547],{"class":146},[84,125015,307],{"class":98},[84,125017,42077],{"class":146},[84,125019,137],{"class":98},[84,125021,3711],{"class":185},[84,125023,125024],{"class":189},"aa",[84,125026,3711],{"class":185},[84,125028,169],{"class":98},[20,125030,172],{},[75,125032,125033],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,125034,125035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125036,125037],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125038,1469],{"class":102},[20,125040,125041,125042,307],{},"It does not return ",[15,125043,208],{},[20,125045,125046],{},"Why not?",[20,125048,125049],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,125051,125052,125061],{},[33,125053,125054,125057,125058],{},[15,125055,125056],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,125059,125060],{},"0-1",[33,125062,125063,125057,125065],{},[15,125064,125056],{},[15,125066,125067],{},"2-3",[20,125069,125070,125071,307],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,125072,125073],{},"1-2",[70,125075,1741,125076],{"id":59189},[15,125077,58106],{},[20,125079,224,125080,125082],{},[15,125081,58106],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,125084,125085],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,125087,125088,125097,125107,125117],{},[33,125089,224,125090,125092,125093,125096],{},[15,125091,58106],{}," when you need ",[53,125094,125095],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,125098,224,125099,125092,125103,125106],{},[303,125100,125101],{"href":124963},[15,125102,124948],{},[53,125104,125105],{},"where"," it appears",[33,125108,48625,125109,125113,125114],{},[303,125110,125111,102199],{"href":124208},[15,125112,1434],{}," when you only need to know ",[53,125115,125116],{},"if it exists",[33,125118,224,125119,125125],{},[303,125120,125122],{"href":125121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,125123,125124],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[70,125127,26782],{"id":26781},[20,125129,2583,125130,125132],{},[15,125131,58106],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[75,125134,125136],{"className":77,"code":125135,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,125137,125138,125148,125162,125184,125210],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125139,125140,125142,125144,125146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125141,156],{"class":133},[84,125143,137],{"class":98},[84,125145,35547],{"class":146},[84,125147,150],{"class":98},[84,125149,125150,125152,125154,125156,125158,125160],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125151,156],{"class":133},[84,125153,137],{"class":98},[84,125155,2624],{"class":140},[84,125157,137],{"class":98},[84,125159,35547],{"class":146},[84,125161,169],{"class":98},[84,125163,125164,125166,125168,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125165,156],{"class":133},[84,125167,137],{"class":98},[84,125169,35547],{"class":146},[84,125171,307],{"class":98},[84,125173,42077],{"class":146},[84,125175,137],{"class":98},[84,125177,3711],{"class":185},[84,125179,303],{"class":189},[84,125181,3711],{"class":185},[84,125183,169],{"class":98},[84,125185,125186,125188,125190,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125187,156],{"class":133},[84,125189,137],{"class":98},[84,125191,35547],{"class":146},[84,125193,307],{"class":98},[84,125195,9479],{"class":146},[84,125197,9476],{"class":98},[84,125199,42077],{"class":146},[84,125201,137],{"class":98},[84,125203,3711],{"class":185},[84,125205,303],{"class":189},[84,125207,3711],{"class":185},[84,125209,169],{"class":98},[84,125211,125212,125214,125216,125218,125220,125222,125224,125226,125228,125230],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125213,156],{"class":133},[84,125215,137],{"class":98},[84,125217,35547],{"class":146},[84,125219,307],{"class":98},[84,125221,42077],{"class":146},[84,125223,137],{"class":98},[84,125225,3711],{"class":185},[84,125227,124046],{"class":189},[84,125229,3711],{"class":185},[84,125231,169],{"class":98},[20,125233,125234],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,125236,125237,125240,125245,125248],{},[33,125238,125239],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,125241,125242,125244],{},[15,125243,35547],{}," not being a string",[33,125246,125247],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,125249,125250],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125252,59678],{},[30,125254,125255,125258,125261,125264],{},[33,125256,125257],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,125259,125260],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,125262,125263],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,125265,51307,125266,45447,125268,3736,125270,74125],{},[15,125267,58106],{},[15,125269,124948],{},[15,125271,1434],{},[70,125273,2694],{"id":2693},[995,125275,125277,125278,125280],{"id":125276},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125279,58106],{}," change the original string?",[20,125282,125283],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[995,125285,2715,125287,125289],{"id":125286},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125288,58106],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125291,125292],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[995,125294,5987,125296,125298],{"id":125295},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125297,58106],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125300,5993,125301,307],{},[15,125302,2983],{},[995,125304,2734,125306,125308],{"id":125305},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125307,58106],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125310,125311],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[995,125313,2698,125315,125317],{"id":125314},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125316,58106],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125319,125320],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[70,125322,2751],{"id":2750},[30,125324,125325,125332,125339,125346,125353],{},[33,125326,125327],{},[303,125328,125329],{"href":124963},[15,125330,125331],{},"Python string find() method",[33,125333,125334],{},[303,125335,125336],{"href":124973},[15,125337,125338],{},"Python string index() method",[33,125340,125341],{},[303,125342,125343],{"href":124680},[15,125344,125345],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,125347,125348],{},[303,125349,125350],{"href":124208},[15,125351,125352],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,125354,125355],{},[303,125356,125357],{"href":125121},[15,125358,125359],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2785,125361,125362],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":125364},[125365,125366,125368,125371,125372,125373,125374,125377,125378,125386,125387,125388,125400],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":124074,"depth":125,"text":125367},"What the count() method does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":125369},[125370],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":124290,"depth":125,"text":124291},{"id":66223,"depth":125,"text":67005,"children":125375},[125376],{"id":124511,"depth":153,"text":124512},{"id":124599,"depth":125,"text":124600},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":125379},[125380,125382,125383,125385],{"id":124745,"depth":153,"text":125381},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124855,"depth":153,"text":124856},{"id":124943,"depth":153,"text":125384},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124979,"depth":153,"text":124980},{"id":59189,"depth":125,"text":59820},{"id":26781,"depth":125,"text":26782},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":125389},[125390,125392,125394,125396,125398],{"id":125276,"depth":153,"text":125391},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125286,"depth":153,"text":125393},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125295,"depth":153,"text":125395},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125305,"depth":153,"text":125397},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125314,"depth":153,"text":125399},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123947,"description":125401},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125408,"title":125409,"body":125410,"description":126995,"extension":2830,"meta":126996,"navigation":472,"path":126997,"seo":126998,"stem":126999,"__hash__":127000},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125411,"toc":126968},[125412,125415,125418,125515,125524,125526,125545,125549,125552,125555,125568,125571,125600,125605,125610,125668,125670,125703,125709,125713,125716,125719,125748,125751,125778,125781,125784,125788,125791,125798,125861,125863,125881,125884,125888,125891,125894,125936,125939,125983,125986,125989,125993,125998,126001,126044,126046,126069,126072,126105,126108,126157,126167,126171,126174,126177,126206,126209,126220,126222,126281,126284,126288,126291,126294,126309,126318,126321,126355,126358,126385,126388,126395,126397,126400,126402,126405,126419,126428,126430,126457,126461,126464,126478,126481,126540,126544,126547,126574,126577,126604,126612,126615,126675,126677,126710,126714,126717,126736,126741,126790,126795,126797,126800,126859,126877,126879,126883,126891,126895,126898,126902,126908,126912,126922,126926,126929,126931,126965],[10,125413,125409],{"id":125414},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125416,125417],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[75,125419,125421],{"className":77,"code":125420,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125422,125423,125435,125447,125456,125470,125474,125484,125494,125505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125424,125425,125427,125429,125431,125433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125426,8716],{"class":90},[84,125428,95],{"class":94},[84,125430,4211],{"class":185},[84,125432,5851],{"class":189},[84,125434,4217],{"class":185},[84,125436,125437,125439,125441,125443,125445],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125438,90605],{"class":90},[84,125440,95],{"class":94},[84,125442,196],{"class":185},[84,125444,35703],{"class":189},[84,125446,30541],{"class":185},[84,125448,125449,125452,125454],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125450,125451],{"class":90},"empty ",[84,125453,95],{"class":94},[84,125455,8721],{"class":185},[84,125457,125458,125460,125462,125464,125466,125468],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125459,35526],{"class":90},[84,125461,95],{"class":94},[84,125463,49719],{"class":140},[84,125465,137],{"class":98},[84,125467,51061],{"class":102},[84,125469,150],{"class":98},[84,125471,125472],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125473,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,125477,156],{"class":133},[84,125479,137],{"class":98},[84,125481,8508],{"class":146},[84,125483,150],{"class":98},[84,125485,125486,125488,125490,125492],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,125487,156],{"class":133},[84,125489,137],{"class":98},[84,125491,90622],{"class":146},[84,125493,150],{"class":98},[84,125495,125496,125498,125500,125503],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,125497,156],{"class":133},[84,125499,137],{"class":98},[84,125501,125502],{"class":146},"empty",[84,125504,150],{"class":98},[84,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,125508,156],{"class":133},[84,125510,137],{"class":98},[84,125512,35547],{"class":146},[84,125514,150],{"class":98},[20,125516,125517,125520,125521,125523],{},[53,125518,125519],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125522,545],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[70,125525,16006],{"id":16005},[30,125527,125528,125531,125534,125537,125542],{},[33,125529,125530],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,125532,125533],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,125535,125536],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,125538,125539,125540],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125541,545],{},[33,125543,125544],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[70,125546,125548],{"id":125547},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125550,125551],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125553,125554],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,125556,125557,125560,125562,125565],{},[33,125558,125559],{},"Letters",[33,125561,57277],{},[33,125563,125564],{},"Spaces",[33,125566,125567],{},"Symbols",[20,125569,125570],{},"Examples of strings:",[75,125572,125574],{"className":77,"code":125573,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125575,125576,125584,125592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125577,125578,125580,125582],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125579,3711],{"class":44146},[84,125581,4697],{"class":44150},[84,125583,4217],{"class":44146},[84,125585,125586,125588,125590],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125587,3711],{"class":44146},[84,125589,51061],{"class":44150},[84,125591,4217],{"class":44146},[84,125593,125594,125596,125598],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125595,3711],{"class":44146},[84,125597,89747],{"class":44150},[84,125599,4217],{"class":44146},[20,125601,21820,125602,125604],{},[15,125603,51111],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125606,125607,125608,3743],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125609,3160],{},[75,125611,125613],{"className":77,"code":125612,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125614,125615,125627,125636,125640,125654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623,125625],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125618,35526],{"class":90},[84,125620,95],{"class":94},[84,125622,4211],{"class":185},[84,125624,51061],{"class":189},[84,125626,4217],{"class":185},[84,125628,125629,125631,125633],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125630,3076],{"class":90},[84,125632,95],{"class":94},[84,125634,125635],{"class":102}," 123\n",[84,125637,125638],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125639,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,125641,125642,125644,125646,125648,125650,125652],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125643,156],{"class":133},[84,125645,137],{"class":98},[84,125647,2624],{"class":140},[84,125649,137],{"class":98},[84,125651,35547],{"class":146},[84,125653,169],{"class":98},[84,125655,125656,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125657,156],{"class":133},[84,125659,137],{"class":98},[84,125661,2624],{"class":140},[84,125663,137],{"class":98},[84,125665,3098],{"class":146},[84,125667,169],{"class":98},[20,125669,172],{},[75,125671,125673],{"className":77,"code":125672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125674,125675,125689],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125676,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685,125687],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125678,1251],{"class":94},[84,125680,4152],{"class":614},[84,125682,196],{"class":185},[84,125684,141],{"class":189},[84,125686,186],{"class":185},[84,125688,1270],{"class":94},[84,125690,125691,125693,125695,125697,125699,125701],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125692,1251],{"class":94},[84,125694,4152],{"class":614},[84,125696,196],{"class":185},[84,125698,365],{"class":189},[84,125700,186],{"class":185},[84,125702,1270],{"class":94},[20,125704,125705,125706,307],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[303,125707,125708],{"href":51791},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[70,125710,125712],{"id":125711},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125714,125715],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125717,125718],{},"You can use single quotes:",[75,125720,125722],{"className":77,"code":125721,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125723,125724,125737],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125725,125726,125729,125731,125733,125735],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125727,125728],{"class":90},"greeting ",[84,125730,95],{"class":94},[84,125732,196],{"class":185},[84,125734,4697],{"class":189},[84,125736,30541],{"class":185},[84,125738,125739,125741,125743,125746],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125740,156],{"class":133},[84,125742,137],{"class":98},[84,125744,125745],{"class":146},"greeting",[84,125747,150],{"class":98},[20,125749,125750],{},"Or double quotes:",[75,125752,125754],{"className":77,"code":125753,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125755,125756,125768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125757,125758,125760,125762,125764,125766],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125759,125728],{"class":90},[84,125761,95],{"class":94},[84,125763,4211],{"class":185},[84,125765,4697],{"class":189},[84,125767,4217],{"class":185},[84,125769,125770,125772,125774,125776],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125771,156],{"class":133},[84,125773,137],{"class":98},[84,125775,125745],{"class":146},[84,125777,150],{"class":98},[20,125779,125780],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125782,125783],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[70,125785,125787],{"id":125786},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125789,125790],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125792,125793,125794,3736,125796,3743],{},"Use either ",[15,125795,7114],{},[15,125797,4625],{},[75,125799,125801],{"className":77,"code":125800,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125802,125803,125812,125821,125825,125836,125847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125804,125805,125808,125810],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125806,125807],{"class":90},"empty1 ",[84,125809,95],{"class":94},[84,125811,8721],{"class":185},[84,125813,125814,125817,125819],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125815,125816],{"class":90},"empty2 ",[84,125818,95],{"class":94},[84,125820,48311],{"class":185},[84,125822,125823],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125824,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,125826,125827,125829,125831,125834],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125828,156],{"class":133},[84,125830,137],{"class":98},[84,125832,125833],{"class":146},"empty1",[84,125835,150],{"class":98},[84,125837,125838,125840,125842,125845],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125839,156],{"class":133},[84,125841,137],{"class":98},[84,125843,125844],{"class":146},"empty2",[84,125846,150],{"class":98},[84,125848,125849,125851,125853,125855,125857,125859],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,125850,156],{"class":133},[84,125852,137],{"class":98},[84,125854,2624],{"class":140},[84,125856,137],{"class":98},[84,125858,125833],{"class":146},[84,125860,169],{"class":98},[20,125862,172],{},[75,125864,125865],{"className":77,"code":46587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,125866,125867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125868,125869,125871,125873,125875,125877,125879],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125870,1251],{"class":94},[84,125872,4152],{"class":614},[84,125874,196],{"class":185},[84,125876,141],{"class":189},[84,125878,186],{"class":185},[84,125880,1270],{"class":94},[20,125882,125883],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[70,125885,125887],{"id":125886},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125889,125890],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125892,125893],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[75,125895,125897],{"className":77,"code":125896,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125898,125899,125910,125915,125922,125926],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125900,125901,125903,125905,125908],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125902,90605],{"class":90},[84,125904,95],{"class":94},[84,125906,125907],{"class":185}," \"\"\"",[84,125909,89547],{"class":189},[84,125911,125912],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125913,125914],{"class":189},"Welcome to Python\n",[84,125916,125917,125920],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125918,125919],{"class":189},"Have a nice day",[84,125921,44154],{"class":185},[84,125923,125924],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125925,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,125927,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125929,156],{"class":133},[84,125931,137],{"class":98},[84,125933,90622],{"class":146},[84,125935,150],{"class":98},[20,125937,125938],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[75,125940,125942],{"className":77,"code":125941,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125943,125944,125956,125961,125969,125973],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,125945,125946,125948,125950,125953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,125947,90605],{"class":90},[84,125949,95],{"class":94},[84,125951,125952],{"class":185}," '''",[84,125954,125955],{"class":189},"Line 1\n",[84,125957,125958],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,125959,125960],{"class":189},"Line 2\n",[84,125962,125963,125966],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,125964,125965],{"class":189},"Line 3",[84,125967,125968],{"class":185},"'''\n",[84,125970,125971],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,125972,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,125974,125975,125977,125979,125981],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,125976,156],{"class":133},[84,125978,137],{"class":98},[84,125980,90622],{"class":146},[84,125982,150],{"class":98},[20,125984,125985],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125987,125988],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[70,125990,125992],{"id":125991},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125994,2847,125995,125997],{},[15,125996,545],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125999,126000],{},"Example with a number:",[75,126002,126004],{"className":77,"code":126003,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,126005,126006,126020,126030],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126009,35526],{"class":90},[84,126011,95],{"class":94},[84,126013,49719],{"class":140},[84,126015,137],{"class":98},[84,126017,47343],{"class":102},[84,126019,150],{"class":98},[84,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126023,156],{"class":133},[84,126025,137],{"class":98},[84,126027,35547],{"class":146},[84,126029,150],{"class":98},[84,126031,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126033,156],{"class":133},[84,126035,137],{"class":98},[84,126037,2624],{"class":140},[84,126039,137],{"class":98},[84,126041,35547],{"class":146},[84,126043,169],{"class":98},[20,126045,172],{},[75,126047,126049],{"className":77,"code":126048,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126050,126051,126055],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126052,126053],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126054,47429],{"class":102},[84,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126058,1251],{"class":94},[84,126060,4152],{"class":614},[84,126062,196],{"class":185},[84,126064,141],{"class":189},[84,126066,186],{"class":185},[84,126068,1270],{"class":94},[20,126070,126071],{},"You can also convert other values:",[75,126073,126075],{"className":77,"code":126074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,126076,126077,126091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126078,126079,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126080,156],{"class":133},[84,126082,137],{"class":98},[84,126084,141],{"class":140},[84,126086,137],{"class":98},[84,126088,4459],{"class":4704},[84,126090,169],{"class":98},[84,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126094,156],{"class":133},[84,126096,137],{"class":98},[84,126098,141],{"class":140},[84,126100,137],{"class":98},[84,126102,40960],{"class":102},[84,126104,169],{"class":98},[20,126106,126107],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[75,126109,126111],{"className":77,"code":126110,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126112,126113,126121,126143,126147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126114,126115,126117,126119],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126116,22471],{"class":90},[84,126118,95],{"class":94},[84,126120,46043],{"class":102},[84,126122,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133,126135,126137,126139,126141],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126124,90605],{"class":90},[84,126126,95],{"class":94},[84,126128,4211],{"class":185},[84,126130,90023],{"class":189},[84,126132,3711],{"class":185},[84,126134,3311],{"class":94},[84,126136,49719],{"class":140},[84,126138,137],{"class":98},[84,126140,10139],{"class":146},[84,126142,150],{"class":98},[84,126144,126145],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126146,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126150,156],{"class":133},[84,126152,137],{"class":98},[84,126154,90622],{"class":146},[84,126156,150],{"class":98},[20,126158,126159,126160,3736,126164,307],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[303,126161,13,126162,591],{"href":42992},[15,126163,545],{},[303,126165,126166],{"href":123878},"how to convert int to string in Python",[70,126168,126170],{"id":126169},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126172,126173],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126175,126176],{},"Both of these are valid:",[75,126178,126180],{"className":77,"code":126179,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126181,126182,126194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126183,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126185,3410],{"class":90},[84,126187,95],{"class":94},[84,126189,196],{"class":185},[84,126191,8136],{"class":189},[84,126193,30541],{"class":185},[84,126195,126196,126198,126200,126202,126204],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126197,3437],{"class":90},[84,126199,95],{"class":94},[84,126201,4211],{"class":185},[84,126203,8136],{"class":189},[84,126205,4217],{"class":185},[20,126207,126208],{},"A common rule is:",[30,126210,126211,126214,126217],{},[33,126212,126213],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,126215,126216],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,126218,126219],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126221,814],{},[75,126223,126225],{"className":77,"code":126224,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126226,126227,126241,126255,126259,126270],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126228,126229,126232,126234,126236,126239],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126230,126231],{"class":90},"text1 ",[84,126233,95],{"class":94},[84,126235,4211],{"class":185},[84,126237,126238],{"class":189},"It's working",[84,126240,4217],{"class":185},[84,126242,126243,126246,126248,126250,126253],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126244,126245],{"class":90},"text2 ",[84,126247,95],{"class":94},[84,126249,196],{"class":185},[84,126251,126252],{"class":189},"She said \"hello\"",[84,126254,30541],{"class":185},[84,126256,126257],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126258,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126260,126261,126263,126265,126268],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126262,156],{"class":133},[84,126264,137],{"class":98},[84,126266,126267],{"class":146},"text1",[84,126269,150],{"class":98},[84,126271,126272,126274,126276,126279],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,126273,156],{"class":133},[84,126275,137],{"class":98},[84,126277,126278],{"class":146},"text2",[84,126280,150],{"class":98},[20,126282,126283],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[70,126285,126287],{"id":126286},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126289,126290],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126292,126293],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[75,126295,126297],{"className":77,"code":126296,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126298,126299,126304],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126300,126301],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126302,126303],{"class":4517},"# This will cause an error\n",[84,126305,126306],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126307,126308],{"class":4517},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126310,126311,126312,36166,126314,126317],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126313,186],{},[15,126315,126316],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126319,126320],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[75,126322,126324],{"className":77,"code":126323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126325,126326,126345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126327,126328,126330,126332,126334,126337,126340,126343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126329,35526],{"class":90},[84,126331,95],{"class":94},[84,126333,196],{"class":185},[84,126335,126336],{"class":189},"It",[84,126338,126339],{"class":1266},"\\'",[84,126341,126342],{"class":189},"s working",[84,126344,30541],{"class":185},[84,126346,126347,126349,126351,126353],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126348,156],{"class":133},[84,126350,137],{"class":98},[84,126352,35547],{"class":146},[84,126354,150],{"class":98},[20,126356,126357],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[75,126359,126361],{"className":77,"code":126360,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126362,126363,126375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126364,126365,126367,126369,126371,126373],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126366,35526],{"class":90},[84,126368,95],{"class":94},[84,126370,4211],{"class":185},[84,126372,126238],{"class":189},[84,126374,4217],{"class":185},[84,126376,126377,126379,126381,126383],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126378,156],{"class":133},[84,126380,137],{"class":98},[84,126382,35547],{"class":146},[84,126384,150],{"class":98},[20,126386,126387],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126389,126390,126391,307],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[303,126392,126394],{"href":126393},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[70,126396,3686],{"id":3685},[20,126398,126399],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[995,126401,90812],{"id":90811},[20,126403,126404],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[75,126406,126408],{"className":77,"code":126407,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126409,126410,126414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126411,126412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126413,126303],{"class":4517},[84,126415,126416],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126417,126418],{"class":4517},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126420,126421,126422,9440,126425,126427],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126423,126424],{},"NameError",[15,126426,5851],{}," is not defined.",[20,126429,11650],{},[75,126431,126433],{"className":77,"code":126432,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126434,126435,126447],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126436,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126438,8716],{"class":90},[84,126440,95],{"class":94},[84,126442,4211],{"class":185},[84,126444,5851],{"class":189},[84,126446,4217],{"class":185},[84,126448,126449,126451,126453,126455],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126450,156],{"class":133},[84,126452,137],{"class":98},[84,126454,8508],{"class":146},[84,126456,150],{"class":98},[995,126458,126460],{"id":126459},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126462,126463],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[75,126465,126467],{"className":77,"code":126466,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126468,126469,126473],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126470,126471],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126472,126303],{"class":4517},[84,126474,126475],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126476,126477],{"class":4517},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126479,126480],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[75,126482,126484],{"className":77,"code":126483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126485,126486,126503,126516,126520,126530],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126487,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498,126501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126489,126231],{"class":90},[84,126491,95],{"class":94},[84,126493,196],{"class":185},[84,126495,126336],{"class":189},[84,126497,126339],{"class":1266},[84,126499,126500],{"class":189},"s good",[84,126502,30541],{"class":185},[84,126504,126505,126507,126509,126511,126514],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126506,126245],{"class":90},[84,126508,95],{"class":94},[84,126510,4211],{"class":185},[84,126512,126513],{"class":189},"It's good",[84,126515,4217],{"class":185},[84,126517,126518],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126519,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126521,126522,126524,126526,126528],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126523,156],{"class":133},[84,126525,137],{"class":98},[84,126527,126267],{"class":146},[84,126529,150],{"class":98},[84,126531,126532,126534,126536,126538],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,126533,156],{"class":133},[84,126535,137],{"class":98},[84,126537,126278],{"class":146},[84,126539,150],{"class":98},[995,126541,126543],{"id":126542},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126545,126546],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[75,126548,126550],{"className":77,"code":126549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126551,126552,126564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126553,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126555,35526],{"class":90},[84,126557,95],{"class":94},[84,126559,125907],{"class":185},[84,126561,4697],{"class":189},[84,126563,44154],{"class":185},[84,126565,126566,126568,126570,126572],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126567,156],{"class":133},[84,126569,137],{"class":98},[84,126571,35547],{"class":146},[84,126573,150],{"class":98},[20,126575,126576],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[75,126578,126580],{"className":77,"code":126579,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126581,126582,126594],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126583,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126585,35526],{"class":90},[84,126587,95],{"class":94},[84,126589,4211],{"class":185},[84,126591,4697],{"class":189},[84,126593,4217],{"class":185},[84,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126597,156],{"class":133},[84,126599,137],{"class":98},[84,126601,35547],{"class":146},[84,126603,150],{"class":98},[995,126605,5426,126607,5241,126609,126611],{"id":126606},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126608,51061],{},[15,126610,51111],{}," are the same type",[20,126613,126614],{},"They are different:",[75,126616,126618],{"className":77,"code":126617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126619,126620,126629,126642,126646,126660],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126621,126622,126625,126627],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126623,126624],{"class":90},"value1 ",[84,126626,95],{"class":94},[84,126628,125635],{"class":102},[84,126630,126631,126634,126636,126638,126640],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126632,126633],{"class":90},"value2 ",[84,126635,95],{"class":94},[84,126637,4211],{"class":185},[84,126639,51061],{"class":189},[84,126641,4217],{"class":185},[84,126643,126644],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126645,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126647,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126649,156],{"class":133},[84,126651,137],{"class":98},[84,126653,2624],{"class":140},[84,126655,137],{"class":98},[84,126657,85368],{"class":146},[84,126659,169],{"class":98},[84,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126673],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,126663,156],{"class":133},[84,126665,137],{"class":98},[84,126667,2624],{"class":140},[84,126669,137],{"class":98},[84,126671,126672],{"class":146},"value2",[84,126674,169],{"class":98},[20,126676,172],{},[75,126678,126680],{"className":77,"code":126679,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126681,126682,126696],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126683,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126685,1251],{"class":94},[84,126687,4152],{"class":614},[84,126689,196],{"class":185},[84,126691,365],{"class":189},[84,126693,186],{"class":185},[84,126695,1270],{"class":94},[84,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706,126708],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126699,1251],{"class":94},[84,126701,4152],{"class":614},[84,126703,196],{"class":185},[84,126705,141],{"class":189},[84,126707,186],{"class":185},[84,126709,1270],{"class":94},[995,126711,126713],{"id":126712},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126715,126716],{},"This causes a type error:",[75,126718,126720],{"className":77,"code":126719,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126721,126722,126726,126731],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126723,126724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126725,126303],{"class":4517},[84,126727,126728],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126729,126730],{"class":4517},"# age = 10\n",[84,126732,126733],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126734,126735],{"class":4517},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126737,126738,126739,3743],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126740,545],{},[75,126742,126744],{"className":77,"code":126743,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126745,126746,126754,126776,126780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126747,126748,126750,126752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126749,22471],{"class":90},[84,126751,95],{"class":94},[84,126753,3442],{"class":102},[84,126755,126756,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126757,90605],{"class":90},[84,126759,95],{"class":94},[84,126761,4211],{"class":185},[84,126763,90023],{"class":189},[84,126765,3711],{"class":185},[84,126767,3311],{"class":94},[84,126769,49719],{"class":140},[84,126771,137],{"class":98},[84,126773,10139],{"class":146},[84,126775,150],{"class":98},[84,126777,126778],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126779,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126781,126782,126784,126786,126788],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126783,156],{"class":133},[84,126785,137],{"class":98},[84,126787,90622],{"class":146},[84,126789,150],{"class":98},[20,126791,126792,126793,307],{},"For this specific error, see ",[303,126794,91004],{"href":91003},[995,126796,61527],{"id":61526},[20,126798,126799],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[75,126801,126803],{"className":77,"code":126802,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126804,126805,126817,126821,126831,126845],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,126806,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,126808,35526],{"class":90},[84,126810,95],{"class":94},[84,126812,4211],{"class":185},[84,126814,4697],{"class":189},[84,126816,4217],{"class":185},[84,126818,126819],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,126820,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,126822,126823,126825,126827,126829],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,126824,156],{"class":133},[84,126826,137],{"class":98},[84,126828,35547],{"class":146},[84,126830,150],{"class":98},[84,126832,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,126834,156],{"class":133},[84,126836,137],{"class":98},[84,126838,2624],{"class":140},[84,126840,137],{"class":98},[84,126842,35547],{"class":146},[84,126844,169],{"class":98},[84,126846,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,126848,156],{"class":133},[84,126850,137],{"class":98},[84,126852,42597],{"class":133},[84,126854,137],{"class":98},[84,126856,35547],{"class":146},[84,126858,169],{"class":98},[30,126860,126861,126866,126871],{},[33,126862,126863,47095],{},[15,126864,126865],{},"print(text)",[33,126867,126868,47100],{},[15,126869,126870],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126872,126873,126876],{},[15,126874,126875],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[70,126878,2694],{"id":2693},[995,126880,126882],{"id":126881},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126884,126885,126886,3736,126889,307],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126887,126888],{},"'hello'",[15,126890,65352],{},[995,126892,126894],{"id":126893},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126896,126897],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[995,126899,126901],{"id":126900},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126903,224,126904,3736,126906,307],{},[15,126905,7114],{},[15,126907,4625],{},[995,126909,126911],{"id":126910},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126913,224,126914,126916,126917,126919,126920,307],{},[15,126915,545],{},", like ",[15,126918,550],{},", which returns ",[15,126921,42944],{},[995,126923,126925],{"id":126924},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126927,126928],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[70,126930,2751],{"id":2750},[30,126932,126933,126937,126943,126948,126957,126961],{},[33,126934,126935],{},[303,126936,125708],{"href":51791},[33,126938,126939],{},[303,126940,13,126941,591],{"href":42992},[15,126942,545],{},[33,126944,126945],{},[303,126946,126947],{"href":123878},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126949,126950],{},[303,126951,126953,126954,11583],{"href":126952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126955,126956],{},"format()",[33,126958,126959],{},[303,126960,126394],{"href":126393},[33,126962,126963],{},[303,126964,91004],{"href":91003},[2785,126966,126967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":126969},[126970,126971,126972,126973,126974,126975,126976,126977,126978,126987,126994],{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":125547,"depth":125,"text":125548},{"id":125711,"depth":125,"text":125712},{"id":125786,"depth":125,"text":125787},{"id":125886,"depth":125,"text":125887},{"id":125991,"depth":125,"text":125992},{"id":126169,"depth":125,"text":126170},{"id":126286,"depth":125,"text":126287},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":126979},[126980,126981,126982,126983,126985,126986],{"id":90811,"depth":153,"text":90812},{"id":126459,"depth":153,"text":126460},{"id":126542,"depth":153,"text":126543},{"id":126606,"depth":153,"text":126984},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126712,"depth":153,"text":126713},{"id":61526,"depth":153,"text":61527},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":126988},[126989,126990,126991,126992,126993],{"id":126881,"depth":153,"text":126882},{"id":126893,"depth":153,"text":126894},{"id":126900,"depth":153,"text":126901},{"id":126910,"depth":153,"text":126911},{"id":126924,"depth":153,"text":126925},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125409,"description":126995},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":127002,"title":127003,"body":127004,"description":128918,"extension":2830,"meta":128919,"navigation":472,"path":128920,"seo":128921,"stem":128922,"__hash__":128923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":127005,"toc":128879},[127006,127012,127017,127025,127027,127094,127096,127108,127117,127122,127126,127143,127145,127210,127212,127224,127229,127231,127259,127280,127283,127322,127324,127332,127336,127340,127344,127352,127355,127396,127398,127406,127409,127466,127468,127476,127480,127485,127529,127531,127539,127548,127552,127557,127605,127607,127615,127621,127623,127627,127639,127644,127723,127725,127745,127749,127753,127793,127795,127803,127807,127850,127852,127860,127864,127904,127906,127914,127918,127974,127976,127984,127990,127992,127996,128006,128073,128075,128088,128095,128138,128140,128148,128152,128155,128211,128213,128221,128224,128226,128303,128305,128313,128322,128324,128328,128332,128334,128356,128359,128406,128410,128449,128451,128459,128461,128503,128510,128515,128577,128579,128591,128597,128602,128651,128653,128672,128678,128680,128699,128701,128792,128794,128800,128807,128813,128819,128824,128833,128840,128848,128850,128876],[10,127007,123953,127009,12166],{"id":127008},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,127010,127011],{},"endswith()",[20,127013,123958,127014,127016],{},[15,127015,127011],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,127018,127019,127020,3736,127022,127024],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,127021,4459],{},[15,127023,4528],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[70,127026,73],{"id":72},[75,127028,127030],{"className":77,"code":127029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127031,127032,127046,127071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127033,127034,127037,127039,127041,127044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127035,127036],{"class":90},"filename ",[84,127038,95],{"class":94},[84,127040,4211],{"class":185},[84,127042,127043],{"class":189},"report.csv",[84,127045,4217],{"class":185},[84,127047,127048,127050,127052,127055,127057,127060,127062,127064,127067,127069],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127049,156],{"class":133},[84,127051,137],{"class":98},[84,127053,127054],{"class":146},"filename",[84,127056,307],{"class":98},[84,127058,127059],{"class":146},"endswith",[84,127061,137],{"class":98},[84,127063,3711],{"class":185},[84,127065,127066],{"class":189},".csv",[84,127068,3711],{"class":185},[84,127070,169],{"class":98},[84,127072,127073,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127090,127092],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,127074,156],{"class":133},[84,127076,137],{"class":98},[84,127078,127054],{"class":146},[84,127080,307],{"class":98},[84,127082,127059],{"class":146},[84,127084,137],{"class":98},[84,127086,3711],{"class":185},[84,127088,127089],{"class":189},".txt",[84,127091,3711],{"class":185},[84,127093,169],{"class":98},[20,127095,172],{},[75,127097,127098],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127099,127100,127104],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127101,127102],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127103,4828],{"class":4704},[84,127105,127106],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127107,4889],{"class":4704},[20,127109,224,127110,6212,127112,3736,127114,127116],{},[15,127111,127011],{},[15,127113,4459],{},[15,127115,4528],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[70,127118,235,127120,238],{"id":127119},"what-endswith-does",[15,127121,127011],{},[20,127123,127124,3743],{},[15,127125,127011],{},[30,127127,127128,127131,127137,127140],{},[33,127129,127130],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,127132,12268,127133,3736,127135],{},[15,127134,4459],{},[15,127136,4528],{},[33,127138,127139],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,127141,127142],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,127144,814],{},[75,127146,127148],{"className":77,"code":127147,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,127149,127150,127162,127166,127188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127151,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127153,35526],{"class":90},[84,127155,95],{"class":94},[84,127157,4211],{"class":185},[84,127159,61223],{"class":189},[84,127161,4217],{"class":185},[84,127163,127164],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127165,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,127167,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,127169,156],{"class":133},[84,127171,137],{"class":98},[84,127173,35547],{"class":146},[84,127175,307],{"class":98},[84,127177,127059],{"class":146},[84,127179,137],{"class":98},[84,127181,3711],{"class":185},[84,127183,61408],{"class":189},[84,127185,3711],{"class":185},[84,127187,169],{"class":98},[84,127189,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,127191,156],{"class":133},[84,127193,137],{"class":98},[84,127195,35547],{"class":146},[84,127197,307],{"class":98},[84,127199,127059],{"class":146},[84,127201,137],{"class":98},[84,127203,3711],{"class":185},[84,127205,4697],{"class":189},[84,127207,3711],{"class":185},[84,127209,169],{"class":98},[20,127211,172],{},[75,127213,127214],{"className":77,"code":44992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127215,127216,127220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127217,127218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127219,4828],{"class":4704},[84,127221,127222],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127223,4889],{"class":4704},[20,127225,127226,127227,307],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[303,127228,125708],{"href":51791},[70,127230,311],{"id":310},[75,127232,127234],{"className":77,"code":127233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127235,127236],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127237,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127239,61991],{"class":90},[84,127241,307],{"class":98},[84,127243,127059],{"class":146},[84,127245,137],{"class":98},[84,127247,127248],{"class":146},"suffix",[84,127250,106],{"class":98},[84,127252,36889],{"class":146},[84,127254,106],{"class":98},[84,127256,65857],{"class":146},[84,127258,150],{"class":98},[30,127260,127261,127266,127273],{},[33,127262,127263,127265],{},[15,127264,127248],{}," is required",[33,127267,127268,5241,127270,127272],{},[15,127269,36910],{},[15,127271,53477],{}," are optional",[33,127274,127275,5241,127277,127279],{},[15,127276,36910],{},[15,127278,53477],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127281,127282],{},"Basic example:",[75,127284,127286],{"className":77,"code":127285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127287,127288,127300],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127289,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127291,127036],{"class":90},[84,127293,95],{"class":94},[84,127295,4211],{"class":185},[84,127297,87493],{"class":189},[84,127299,4217],{"class":185},[84,127301,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127303,156],{"class":133},[84,127305,137],{"class":98},[84,127307,127054],{"class":146},[84,127309,307],{"class":98},[84,127311,127059],{"class":146},[84,127313,137],{"class":98},[84,127315,3711],{"class":185},[84,127317,127089],{"class":189},[84,127319,3711],{"class":185},[84,127321,169],{"class":98},[20,127323,172],{},[75,127325,127326],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127327,127328],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127329,127330],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127331,4828],{"class":4704},[70,127333,127335],{"id":127334},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[995,127337,127338],{"id":127248},[15,127339,127248],{},[20,127341,127342,31591],{},[15,127343,127248],{},[30,127345,127346,127349],{},[33,127347,127348],{},"A single string",[33,127350,127351],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127353,127354],{},"Single suffix:",[75,127356,127358],{"className":77,"code":127357,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127359,127360,127373],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127361,127362,127364,127366,127368,127371],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127363,8716],{"class":90},[84,127365,95],{"class":94},[84,127367,4211],{"class":185},[84,127369,127370],{"class":189},"image.png",[84,127372,4217],{"class":185},[84,127374,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127392,127394],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127376,156],{"class":133},[84,127378,137],{"class":98},[84,127380,8508],{"class":146},[84,127382,307],{"class":98},[84,127384,127059],{"class":146},[84,127386,137],{"class":98},[84,127388,3711],{"class":185},[84,127390,127391],{"class":189},".png",[84,127393,3711],{"class":185},[84,127395,169],{"class":98},[20,127397,172],{},[75,127399,127400],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127401,127402],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127403,127404],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127405,4828],{"class":4704},[20,127407,127408],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[75,127410,127412],{"className":77,"code":127411,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127413,127414,127426],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127415,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127417,8716],{"class":90},[84,127419,95],{"class":94},[84,127421,4211],{"class":185},[84,127423,127370],{"class":189},[84,127425,4217],{"class":185},[84,127427,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127462,127464],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127429,156],{"class":133},[84,127431,137],{"class":98},[84,127433,8508],{"class":146},[84,127435,307],{"class":98},[84,127437,127059],{"class":146},[84,127439,6354],{"class":98},[84,127441,3711],{"class":185},[84,127443,127444],{"class":189},".jpg",[84,127446,3711],{"class":185},[84,127448,106],{"class":98},[84,127450,4211],{"class":185},[84,127452,127391],{"class":189},[84,127454,3711],{"class":185},[84,127456,106],{"class":98},[84,127458,4211],{"class":185},[84,127460,127461],{"class":189},".gif",[84,127463,3711],{"class":185},[84,127465,3771],{"class":98},[20,127467,172],{},[75,127469,127470],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127471,127472],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127473,127474],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127475,4828],{"class":4704},[995,127477,127478],{"id":36910},[15,127479,36910],{},[20,127481,127482,127484],{},[15,127483,36910],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[75,127486,127488],{"className":77,"code":127487,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127489,127490,127503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127491,127492,127494,127496,127498,127501],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127493,35526],{"class":90},[84,127495,95],{"class":94},[84,127497,4211],{"class":185},[84,127499,127500],{"class":189},"my_report.csv",[84,127502,4217],{"class":185},[84,127504,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127506,156],{"class":133},[84,127508,137],{"class":98},[84,127510,35547],{"class":146},[84,127512,307],{"class":98},[84,127514,127059],{"class":146},[84,127516,137],{"class":98},[84,127518,3711],{"class":185},[84,127520,127066],{"class":189},[84,127522,3711],{"class":185},[84,127524,106],{"class":98},[84,127526,114],{"class":102},[84,127528,169],{"class":98},[20,127530,172],{},[75,127532,127533],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127534,127535],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127536,127537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127538,4828],{"class":4704},[20,127540,127541,127542,127544,127545,307],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127543,208],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127546,127547],{},"\"report.csv\"",[995,127549,127550],{"id":53477},[15,127551,53477],{},[20,127553,127554,127556],{},[15,127555,53477],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[75,127558,127560],{"className":77,"code":127559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127561,127562,127575],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127563,127564,127566,127568,127570,127573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127565,35526],{"class":90},[84,127567,95],{"class":94},[84,127569,4211],{"class":185},[84,127571,127572],{"class":189},"report.csv backup",[84,127574,4217],{"class":185},[84,127576,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601,127603],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127578,156],{"class":133},[84,127580,137],{"class":98},[84,127582,35547],{"class":146},[84,127584,307],{"class":98},[84,127586,127059],{"class":146},[84,127588,137],{"class":98},[84,127590,3711],{"class":185},[84,127592,127066],{"class":189},[84,127594,3711],{"class":185},[84,127596,106],{"class":98},[84,127598,4685],{"class":102},[84,127600,106],{"class":98},[84,127602,6847],{"class":102},[84,127604,169],{"class":98},[20,127606,172],{},[75,127608,127609],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127610,127611],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127612,127613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127614,4828],{"class":4704},[20,127616,127617,127618,127620],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127619,127547],{}," and ignores the rest.",[70,127622,18259],{"id":18258},[20,127624,127625,26348],{},[15,127626,127011],{},[30,127628,127629,127634],{},[33,127630,127631,127633],{},[15,127632,4459],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,127635,127636,127638],{},[15,127637,4528],{}," if it does not",[20,127640,127641,127642,8011],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127643,7836],{},[75,127645,127647],{"className":77,"code":127646,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127648,127649,127662,127666,127687,127702,127708],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127650,127651,127653,127655,127657,127660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127652,127036],{"class":90},[84,127654,95],{"class":94},[84,127656,4211],{"class":185},[84,127658,127659],{"class":189},"data.csv",[84,127661,4217],{"class":185},[84,127663,127664],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127665,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,127667,127668,127670,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,127669,7836],{"class":633},[84,127671,127672],{"class":90}," filename",[84,127674,307],{"class":98},[84,127676,127059],{"class":146},[84,127678,137],{"class":98},[84,127680,3711],{"class":185},[84,127682,127066],{"class":189},[84,127684,3711],{"class":185},[84,127686,628],{"class":98},[84,127688,127689,127691,127693,127695,127698,127700],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,127690,1445],{"class":133},[84,127692,137],{"class":98},[84,127694,3711],{"class":185},[84,127696,127697],{"class":189},"This is a CSV file.",[84,127699,3711],{"class":185},[84,127701,150],{"class":98},[84,127703,127704,127706],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,127705,28274],{"class":633},[84,127707,1440],{"class":98},[84,127709,127710,127712,127714,127716,127719,127721],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,127711,1445],{"class":133},[84,127713,137],{"class":98},[84,127715,3711],{"class":185},[84,127717,127718],{"class":189},"This is not a CSV file.",[84,127720,3711],{"class":185},[84,127722,150],{"class":98},[20,127724,172],{},[75,127726,127728],{"className":77,"code":127727,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127729,127730],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127731,127732,127734,127736,127738,127741,127743],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127733,50694],{"class":90},[84,127735,13037],{"class":94},[84,127737,844],{"class":90},[84,127739,127740],{"class":1266},"CSV",[84,127742,87234],{"class":87233},[84,127744,122985],{"class":98},[70,127746,127748],{"id":127747},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[995,127750,127752],{"id":127751},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[75,127754,127756],{"className":77,"code":127755,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127757,127758,127771],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127759,127760,127762,127764,127766,127769],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127761,127036],{"class":90},[84,127763,95],{"class":94},[84,127765,4211],{"class":185},[84,127767,127768],{"class":189},"sales.csv",[84,127770,4217],{"class":185},[84,127772,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127774,156],{"class":133},[84,127776,137],{"class":98},[84,127778,127054],{"class":146},[84,127780,307],{"class":98},[84,127782,127059],{"class":146},[84,127784,137],{"class":98},[84,127786,3711],{"class":185},[84,127788,127066],{"class":189},[84,127790,3711],{"class":185},[84,127792,169],{"class":98},[20,127794,172],{},[75,127796,127797],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127798,127799],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127800,127801],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127802,4828],{"class":4704},[995,127804,127806],{"id":127805},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[75,127808,127810],{"className":77,"code":127809,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127811,127812,127826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127813,127814,127817,127819,127821,127824],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127815,127816],{"class":90},"url ",[84,127818,95],{"class":94},[84,127820,4211],{"class":185},[84,127822,127823],{"class":189},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[84,127825,4217],{"class":185},[84,127827,127828,127830,127832,127835,127837,127839,127841,127843,127846,127848],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127829,156],{"class":133},[84,127831,137],{"class":98},[84,127833,127834],{"class":146},"url",[84,127836,307],{"class":98},[84,127838,127059],{"class":146},[84,127840,137],{"class":98},[84,127842,3711],{"class":185},[84,127844,127845],{"class":189},"\u002F",[84,127847,3711],{"class":185},[84,127849,169],{"class":98},[20,127851,172],{},[75,127853,127854],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127855,127856],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127857,127858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127859,4828],{"class":4704},[995,127861,127863],{"id":127862},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[75,127865,127867],{"className":77,"code":127866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127868,127869,127882],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127880],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127872,90605],{"class":90},[84,127874,95],{"class":94},[84,127876,4211],{"class":185},[84,127878,127879],{"class":189},"Hello!",[84,127881,4217],{"class":185},[84,127883,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127885,156],{"class":133},[84,127887,137],{"class":98},[84,127889,90622],{"class":146},[84,127891,307],{"class":98},[84,127893,127059],{"class":146},[84,127895,137],{"class":98},[84,127897,3711],{"class":185},[84,127899,90446],{"class":189},[84,127901,3711],{"class":185},[84,127903,169],{"class":98},[20,127905,172],{},[75,127907,127908],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127909,127910],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127911,127912],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127913,4828],{"class":4704},[995,127915,127917],{"id":127916},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[75,127919,127921],{"className":77,"code":127920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127922,127923,127936],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127924,127925,127927,127929,127931,127934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127926,127036],{"class":90},[84,127928,95],{"class":94},[84,127930,4211],{"class":185},[84,127932,127933],{"class":189},"photo.jpg",[84,127935,4217],{"class":185},[84,127937,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,127939,156],{"class":133},[84,127941,137],{"class":98},[84,127943,127054],{"class":146},[84,127945,307],{"class":98},[84,127947,127059],{"class":146},[84,127949,6354],{"class":98},[84,127951,3711],{"class":185},[84,127953,127444],{"class":189},[84,127955,3711],{"class":185},[84,127957,106],{"class":98},[84,127959,4211],{"class":185},[84,127961,127391],{"class":189},[84,127963,3711],{"class":185},[84,127965,106],{"class":98},[84,127967,4211],{"class":185},[84,127969,127461],{"class":189},[84,127971,3711],{"class":185},[84,127973,3771],{"class":98},[20,127975,172],{},[75,127977,127978],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,127979,127980],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,127981,127982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,127983,4828],{"class":4704},[20,127985,127986,127987,307],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[303,127988,127989],{"href":124208},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[70,127991,124600],{"id":124599},[20,127993,127994,124411],{},[15,127995,127011],{},[20,127997,127998,127999,5241,128002,128005],{},"That means ",[15,128000,128001],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,128003,128004],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[75,128007,128009],{"className":77,"code":128008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,128010,128011,128024,128028,128050],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128012,128013,128015,128017,128019,128022],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128014,127036],{"class":90},[84,128016,95],{"class":94},[84,128018,4211],{"class":185},[84,128020,128021],{"class":189},"REPORT.CSV",[84,128023,4217],{"class":185},[84,128025,128026],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128027,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128031,156],{"class":133},[84,128033,137],{"class":98},[84,128035,127054],{"class":146},[84,128037,307],{"class":98},[84,128039,127059],{"class":146},[84,128041,137],{"class":98},[84,128043,3711],{"class":185},[84,128045,127066],{"class":189},[84,128047,3711],{"class":185},[84,128049,169],{"class":98},[84,128051,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066,128069,128071],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,128053,156],{"class":133},[84,128055,137],{"class":98},[84,128057,127054],{"class":146},[84,128059,307],{"class":98},[84,128061,127059],{"class":146},[84,128063,137],{"class":98},[84,128065,3711],{"class":185},[84,128067,128068],{"class":189},".CSV",[84,128070,3711],{"class":185},[84,128072,169],{"class":98},[20,128074,172],{},[75,128076,128078],{"className":77,"code":128077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"False\nTrue\n",[15,128079,128080,128084],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128081,128082],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128083,4889],{"class":4704},[84,128085,128086],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128087,4828],{"class":4704},[20,128089,128090,128091,307],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[303,128092,128093],{"href":124680},[15,128094,124683],{},[75,128096,128098],{"className":77,"code":128097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128099,128100,128112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128101,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128103,127036],{"class":90},[84,128105,95],{"class":94},[84,128107,4211],{"class":185},[84,128109,128021],{"class":189},[84,128111,4217],{"class":185},[84,128113,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128115,156],{"class":133},[84,128117,137],{"class":98},[84,128119,127054],{"class":146},[84,128121,307],{"class":98},[84,128123,9479],{"class":146},[84,128125,9476],{"class":98},[84,128127,127059],{"class":146},[84,128129,137],{"class":98},[84,128131,3711],{"class":185},[84,128133,127066],{"class":189},[84,128135,3711],{"class":185},[84,128137,169],{"class":98},[20,128139,172],{},[75,128141,128142],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128143,128144],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128145,128146],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128147,4828],{"class":4704},[70,128149,128151],{"id":128150},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128153,128154],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[75,128156,128158],{"className":77,"code":128157,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128159,128160,128173],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128161,128162,128164,128166,128168,128171],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128163,127036],{"class":90},[84,128165,95],{"class":94},[84,128167,4211],{"class":185},[84,128169,128170],{"class":189},"picture.gif",[84,128172,4217],{"class":185},[84,128174,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128176,156],{"class":133},[84,128178,137],{"class":98},[84,128180,127054],{"class":146},[84,128182,307],{"class":98},[84,128184,127059],{"class":146},[84,128186,6354],{"class":98},[84,128188,3711],{"class":185},[84,128190,127444],{"class":189},[84,128192,3711],{"class":185},[84,128194,106],{"class":98},[84,128196,4211],{"class":185},[84,128198,127391],{"class":189},[84,128200,3711],{"class":185},[84,128202,106],{"class":98},[84,128204,4211],{"class":185},[84,128206,127461],{"class":189},[84,128208,3711],{"class":185},[84,128210,3771],{"class":98},[20,128212,172],{},[75,128214,128215],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128216,128217],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128218,128219],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128220,4828],{"class":4704},[20,128222,128223],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128225,52896],{},[75,128227,128229],{"className":77,"code":128228,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128230,128231,128244,128279,128283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128232,128233,128236,128238,128240,128242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128234,128235],{"class":90},"document ",[84,128237,95],{"class":94},[84,128239,4211],{"class":185},[84,128241,87493],{"class":189},[84,128243,4217],{"class":185},[84,128245,128246,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128266,128268,128270,128272,128275,128277],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128247,128248],{"class":90},"allowed ",[84,128250,95],{"class":94},[84,128252,10076],{"class":98},[84,128254,3711],{"class":185},[84,128256,127089],{"class":189},[84,128258,3711],{"class":185},[84,128260,106],{"class":98},[84,128262,4211],{"class":185},[84,128264,128265],{"class":189},".md",[84,128267,3711],{"class":185},[84,128269,106],{"class":98},[84,128271,4211],{"class":185},[84,128273,128274],{"class":189},".docx",[84,128276,3711],{"class":185},[84,128278,150],{"class":98},[84,128280,128281],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128282,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,128284,128285,128287,128289,128292,128294,128296,128298,128301],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,128286,156],{"class":133},[84,128288,137],{"class":98},[84,128290,128291],{"class":146},"document",[84,128293,307],{"class":98},[84,128295,127059],{"class":146},[84,128297,137],{"class":98},[84,128299,128300],{"class":146},"allowed",[84,128302,169],{"class":98},[20,128304,172],{},[75,128306,128307],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128308,128309],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128310,128311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128312,4828],{"class":4704},[20,128314,128315,128316,307],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[303,128317,126953,128319,11583],{"href":128318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128320,128321],{},"startswith()",[70,128323,3686],{"id":3685},[20,128325,9285,128326,307],{},[15,128327,127011],{},[995,128329,128331],{"id":128330},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128333,5372],{},[75,128335,128337],{"className":77,"code":128336,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128338,128339,128351],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128340,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128342,127036],{"class":90},[84,128344,95],{"class":94},[84,128346,4211],{"class":185},[84,128348,127933],{"class":189},[84,128350,4217],{"class":185},[84,128352,128353],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128354,128355],{"class":4517},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128357,128358],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[75,128360,128362],{"className":77,"code":128361,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128363,128364,128376],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128365,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128367,127036],{"class":90},[84,128369,95],{"class":94},[84,128371,4211],{"class":185},[84,128373,127933],{"class":189},[84,128375,4217],{"class":185},[84,128377,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128379,156],{"class":133},[84,128381,137],{"class":98},[84,128383,127054],{"class":146},[84,128385,307],{"class":98},[84,128387,127059],{"class":146},[84,128389,6354],{"class":98},[84,128391,3711],{"class":185},[84,128393,127444],{"class":189},[84,128395,3711],{"class":185},[84,128397,106],{"class":98},[84,128399,4211],{"class":185},[84,128401,127391],{"class":189},[84,128403,3711],{"class":185},[84,128405,3771],{"class":98},[995,128407,128409],{"id":128408},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[75,128411,128413],{"className":77,"code":128412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128414,128415,128427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128416,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128418,127036],{"class":90},[84,128420,95],{"class":94},[84,128422,4211],{"class":185},[84,128424,128021],{"class":189},[84,128426,4217],{"class":185},[84,128428,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128430,156],{"class":133},[84,128432,137],{"class":98},[84,128434,127054],{"class":146},[84,128436,307],{"class":98},[84,128438,127059],{"class":146},[84,128440,137],{"class":98},[84,128442,3711],{"class":185},[84,128444,127066],{"class":189},[84,128446,3711],{"class":185},[84,128448,169],{"class":98},[20,128450,172],{},[75,128452,128453],{"className":77,"code":4889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128454,128455],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128456,128457],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128458,4889],{"class":4704},[20,128460,2129],{},[75,128462,128463],{"className":77,"code":128097,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128464,128465,128477],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128466,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128468,127036],{"class":90},[84,128470,95],{"class":94},[84,128472,4211],{"class":185},[84,128474,128021],{"class":189},[84,128476,4217],{"class":185},[84,128478,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128480,156],{"class":133},[84,128482,137],{"class":98},[84,128484,127054],{"class":146},[84,128486,307],{"class":98},[84,128488,9479],{"class":146},[84,128490,9476],{"class":98},[84,128492,127059],{"class":146},[84,128494,137],{"class":98},[84,128496,3711],{"class":185},[84,128498,127066],{"class":189},[84,128500,3711],{"class":185},[84,128502,169],{"class":98},[995,128504,38041,128506,9544,128508],{"id":128505},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128507,127011],{},[15,128509,1434],{},[20,128511,128512,128514],{},[15,128513,127011],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[75,128516,128518],{"className":77,"code":128517,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128519,128520,128533,128537,128559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128521,128522,128524,128526,128528,128531],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128523,35526],{"class":90},[84,128525,95],{"class":94},[84,128527,4211],{"class":185},[84,128529,128530],{"class":189},"my_report.csv.backup",[84,128532,4217],{"class":185},[84,128534,128535],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128536,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,128538,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128540,156],{"class":133},[84,128542,137],{"class":98},[84,128544,35547],{"class":146},[84,128546,307],{"class":98},[84,128548,127059],{"class":146},[84,128550,137],{"class":98},[84,128552,3711],{"class":185},[84,128554,127066],{"class":189},[84,128556,3711],{"class":185},[84,128558,169],{"class":98},[84,128560,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,128562,156],{"class":133},[84,128564,137],{"class":98},[84,128566,3711],{"class":185},[84,128568,127066],{"class":189},[84,128570,3711],{"class":185},[84,128572,22016],{"class":633},[84,128574,43659],{"class":146},[84,128576,150],{"class":98},[20,128578,172],{},[75,128580,128581],{"className":77,"code":128077,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,128582,128583,128587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128584,128585],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128586,4889],{"class":4704},[84,128588,128589],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128590,4828],{"class":4704},[995,128592,9291,128594,128596],{"id":128593},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128595,127011],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128598,128599,128601],{},[15,128600,127011],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[75,128603,128605],{"className":77,"code":128604,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128606,128607,128619,128641],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128608,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128610,127036],{"class":90},[84,128612,95],{"class":94},[84,128614,4211],{"class":185},[84,128616,127043],{"class":189},[84,128618,4217],{"class":185},[84,128620,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128622,156],{"class":133},[84,128624,137],{"class":98},[84,128626,127054],{"class":146},[84,128628,307],{"class":98},[84,128630,127059],{"class":146},[84,128632,137],{"class":98},[84,128634,3711],{"class":185},[84,128636,127066],{"class":189},[84,128638,3711],{"class":185},[84,128640,169],{"class":98},[84,128642,128643,128645,128647,128649],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128644,156],{"class":133},[84,128646,137],{"class":98},[84,128648,127054],{"class":146},[84,128650,150],{"class":98},[20,128652,172],{},[75,128654,128656],{"className":77,"code":128655,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128657,128658,128662],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128659,128660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128661,4828],{"class":4704},[84,128663,128664,128667,128669],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128665,128666],{"class":90},"report",[84,128668,307],{"class":98},[84,128670,128671],{"class":25590},"csv\n",[20,128673,128674,128675,307],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[303,128676,128677],{"href":125121},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128679,66879],{},[30,128681,128682,128685,128688,128691],{},[33,128683,128684],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,128686,128687],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,128689,128690],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,128692,595,128693,45447,128695,3736,128697,112150],{},[15,128694,127011],{},[15,128696,125124],{},[15,128698,42471],{},[20,128700,30977],{},[75,128702,128704],{"className":77,"code":128703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128705,128706,128716,128730,128752,128778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128709,156],{"class":133},[84,128711,137],{"class":98},[84,128713,35547],{"class":146},[84,128715,150],{"class":98},[84,128717,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128719,156],{"class":133},[84,128721,137],{"class":98},[84,128723,42597],{"class":133},[84,128725,137],{"class":98},[84,128727,35547],{"class":146},[84,128729,169],{"class":98},[84,128731,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128733,156],{"class":133},[84,128735,137],{"class":98},[84,128737,35547],{"class":146},[84,128739,307],{"class":98},[84,128741,127059],{"class":146},[84,128743,137],{"class":98},[84,128745,186],{"class":185},[84,128747,127066],{"class":189},[84,128749,186],{"class":185},[84,128751,169],{"class":98},[84,128753,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,128755,156],{"class":133},[84,128757,137],{"class":98},[84,128759,35547],{"class":146},[84,128761,307],{"class":98},[84,128763,9479],{"class":146},[84,128765,9476],{"class":98},[84,128767,127059],{"class":146},[84,128769,137],{"class":98},[84,128771,186],{"class":185},[84,128773,127066],{"class":189},[84,128775,186],{"class":185},[84,128777,169],{"class":98},[84,128779,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,128781,156],{"class":133},[84,128783,137],{"class":98},[84,128785,2624],{"class":140},[84,128787,137],{"class":98},[84,128789,35547],{"class":146},[84,128791,169],{"class":98},[70,128793,2694],{"id":2693},[995,128795,2698,128797,128799],{"id":128796},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128798,127011],{}," change the string?",[20,128801,128802,128803,3736,128805,307],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128804,4459],{},[15,128806,4528],{},[995,128808,2734,128810,128812],{"id":128809},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128811,127011],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128814,128815,128816,307],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128817,128818],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[995,128820,2715,128822,125289],{"id":128821},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128823,127011],{},[20,128825,128826,128827,3736,128829,128832],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128828,124683],{},[15,128830,128831],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[995,128834,6024,128836,5241,128838,3348],{"id":128835},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128837,127011],{},[15,128839,124948],{},[20,128841,128842,128844,128845,128847],{},[15,128843,127011],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128846,124948],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[70,128849,2751],{"id":2750},[30,128851,128852,128858,128864,128868,128872],{},[33,128853,128854],{},[303,128855,126953,128856,11583],{"href":128318},[15,128857,128321],{},[33,128859,128860],{},[303,128861,126953,128862,11583],{"href":124680},[15,128863,124683],{},[33,128865,128866],{},[303,128867,125352],{"href":124208},[33,128869,128870],{},[303,128871,125359],{"href":125121},[33,128873,128874],{},[303,128875,125708],{"href":51791},[2785,128877,128878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":128880},[128881,128882,128884,128885,128890,128891,128897,128898,128899,128907,128917],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":127119,"depth":125,"text":128883},"What endswith() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":127334,"depth":125,"text":127335,"children":128886},[128887,128888,128889],{"id":127248,"depth":153,"text":127248},{"id":36910,"depth":153,"text":36910},{"id":53477,"depth":153,"text":53477},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":127747,"depth":125,"text":127748,"children":128892},[128893,128894,128895,128896],{"id":127751,"depth":153,"text":127752},{"id":127805,"depth":153,"text":127806},{"id":127862,"depth":153,"text":127863},{"id":127916,"depth":153,"text":127917},{"id":124599,"depth":125,"text":124600},{"id":128150,"depth":125,"text":128151},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":128900},[128901,128902,128903,128905],{"id":128330,"depth":153,"text":128331},{"id":128408,"depth":153,"text":128409},{"id":128505,"depth":153,"text":128904},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128593,"depth":153,"text":128906},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":128908},[128909,128911,128913,128915],{"id":128796,"depth":153,"text":128910},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128809,"depth":153,"text":128912},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128821,"depth":153,"text":128914},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128835,"depth":153,"text":128916},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":127003,"description":128918},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128925,"title":128926,"body":128927,"description":130595,"extension":2830,"meta":130596,"navigation":472,"path":130597,"seo":130598,"stem":130599,"__hash__":130600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128928,"toc":130568},[128929,128934,128939,128944,128949,129042,129052,129057,129062,129077,129079,129161,129169,129171,129173,129200,129202,129218,129225,129227,129335,129337,129342,129358,129360,129455,129463,129466,129472,129477,129482,129489,129628,129631,129644,129646,129650,129657,129727,129730,129779,129786,129793,129807,129812,129817,129863,129909,129925,129927,129932,129946,129949,130071,130076,130078,130083,130116,130119,130195,130197,130206,130220,130223,130307,130310,130421,130424,130452,130454,130461,130465,130471,130474,130480,130483,130490,130501,130507,130514,130516,130565],[10,128930,123953,128932,12166],{"id":128931},"python-string-find-method",[15,128933,124948],{},[20,128935,123958,128936,128938],{},[15,128937,124948],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128940,128941,128942,307],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128943,66670],{},[20,128945,224,128946,128948],{},[15,128947,124948],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[75,128950,128952],{"className":77,"code":128951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128953,128954,128966,128989,129002,129006,129029],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,128955,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,128957,35526],{"class":90},[84,128959,95],{"class":94},[84,128961,4211],{"class":185},[84,128963,61223],{"class":189},[84,128965,4217],{"class":185},[84,128967,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,128969,65736],{"class":90},[84,128971,95],{"class":94},[84,128973,43659],{"class":90},[84,128975,307],{"class":98},[84,128977,128978],{"class":146},"find",[84,128980,137],{"class":98},[84,128982,3711],{"class":185},[84,128984,61408],{"class":189},[84,128986,3711],{"class":185},[84,128988,150],{"class":98},[84,128990,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,128992,156],{"class":133},[84,128994,137],{"class":98},[84,128996,65763],{"class":146},[84,128998,1970],{"class":98},[84,129000,129001],{"class":4517},"   # 6\n",[84,129003,129004],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129005,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129007,129008,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,129009,129010],{"class":90},"missing ",[84,129012,95],{"class":94},[84,129014,43659],{"class":90},[84,129016,307],{"class":98},[84,129018,128978],{"class":146},[84,129020,137],{"class":98},[84,129022,3711],{"class":185},[84,129024,79],{"class":189},[84,129026,3711],{"class":185},[84,129028,150],{"class":98},[84,129030,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,129032,156],{"class":133},[84,129034,137],{"class":98},[84,129036,27613],{"class":146},[84,129038,1970],{"class":98},[84,129040,129041],{"class":4517},"    # -1\n",[44398,129043,129044],{},[20,129045,224,129046,129048,129049,129051],{},[15,129047,124948],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,129050,66670],{}," if the substring is not found.",[70,129053,235,129055,238],{"id":129054},"what-find-does",[15,129056,124948],{},[20,129058,129059,129061],{},[15,129060,124948],{}," is a string method that:",[30,129063,129064,129067,129070,129075],{},[33,129065,129066],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,129068,129069],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,129071,12268,129072,129074],{},[15,129073,66670],{}," if no match is found",[33,129076,127139],{},[20,129078,814],{},[75,129080,129082],{"className":77,"code":129081,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,129083,129084,129096,129100,129124,129148],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129085,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129087,35526],{"class":90},[84,129089,95],{"class":94},[84,129091,4211],{"class":185},[84,129093,4937],{"class":189},[84,129095,4217],{"class":185},[84,129097,129098],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129099,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129101,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129103,156],{"class":133},[84,129105,137],{"class":98},[84,129107,35547],{"class":146},[84,129109,307],{"class":98},[84,129111,128978],{"class":146},[84,129113,137],{"class":98},[84,129115,3711],{"class":185},[84,129117,124046],{"class":189},[84,129119,3711],{"class":185},[84,129121,6204],{"class":98},[84,129123,58461],{"class":4517},[84,129125,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129127,156],{"class":133},[84,129129,137],{"class":98},[84,129131,35547],{"class":146},[84,129133,307],{"class":98},[84,129135,128978],{"class":146},[84,129137,137],{"class":98},[84,129139,3711],{"class":185},[84,129141,625],{"class":189},[84,129143,3711],{"class":185},[84,129145,6204],{"class":98},[84,129147,129041],{"class":4517},[84,129149,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,129151,156],{"class":133},[84,129153,137],{"class":98},[84,129155,35547],{"class":146},[84,129157,1970],{"class":98},[84,129159,129160],{"class":4517},"              # banana\n",[20,129162,21613,129163,129166,129167,307],{},[15,129164,129165],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129168,199],{},[70,129170,311],{"id":310},[20,129172,3023],{},[75,129174,129176],{"className":77,"code":129175,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129177,129178],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129179,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129181,61991],{"class":90},[84,129183,307],{"class":98},[84,129185,128978],{"class":146},[84,129187,137],{"class":98},[84,129189,3329],{"class":146},[84,129191,106],{"class":98},[84,129193,36889],{"class":146},[84,129195,106],{"class":98},[84,129197,65857],{"class":146},[84,129199,150],{"class":98},[995,129201,18235],{"id":18234},[30,129203,129204,129208,129213],{},[33,129205,129206,124145],{},[15,129207,3329],{},[33,129209,129210,129212],{},[15,129211,36910],{},": optional starting position",[33,129214,129215,129217],{},[15,129216,53477],{},": optional ending position",[20,129219,129220,5241,129222,129224],{},[15,129221,36910],{},[15,129223,53477],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129226,127282],{},[75,129228,129230],{"className":77,"code":129229,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129231,129232,129244,129248,129273,129302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129233,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129235,35526],{"class":90},[84,129237,95],{"class":94},[84,129239,4211],{"class":185},[84,129241,61223],{"class":189},[84,129243,4217],{"class":185},[84,129245,129246],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129247,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129249,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129251,156],{"class":133},[84,129253,137],{"class":98},[84,129255,35547],{"class":146},[84,129257,307],{"class":98},[84,129259,128978],{"class":146},[84,129261,137],{"class":98},[84,129263,3711],{"class":185},[84,129265,61290],{"class":189},[84,129267,3711],{"class":185},[84,129269,6204],{"class":98},[84,129271,129272],{"class":4517},"        # 4\n",[84,129274,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129276,156],{"class":133},[84,129278,137],{"class":98},[84,129280,35547],{"class":146},[84,129282,307],{"class":98},[84,129284,128978],{"class":146},[84,129286,137],{"class":98},[84,129288,3711],{"class":185},[84,129290,61290],{"class":189},[84,129292,3711],{"class":185},[84,129294,106],{"class":98},[84,129296,5452],{"class":102},[84,129298,6204],{"class":98},[84,129300,129301],{"class":4517},"     # 7\n",[84,129303,129304,129306,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,129305,156],{"class":133},[84,129307,137],{"class":98},[84,129309,35547],{"class":146},[84,129311,307],{"class":98},[84,129313,128978],{"class":146},[84,129315,137],{"class":98},[84,129317,3711],{"class":185},[84,129319,61290],{"class":189},[84,129321,3711],{"class":185},[84,129323,106],{"class":98},[84,129325,5452],{"class":102},[84,129327,106],{"class":98},[84,129329,6836],{"class":102},[84,129331,6204],{"class":98},[84,129333,129334],{"class":4517},"  # -1\n",[70,129336,38846],{"id":38845},[20,129338,58360,129339,129341],{},[15,129340,124948],{}," is always an integer.",[30,129343,129344,129350,129353],{},[33,129345,129346,129347,129349],{},"A number ",[15,129348,2983],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,129351,129352],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,129354,129355,129357],{},[15,129356,66670],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129359,814],{},[75,129361,129363],{"className":77,"code":129362,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129364,129365,129377,129381,129406,129431],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129366,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129368,35526],{"class":90},[84,129370,95],{"class":94},[84,129372,4211],{"class":185},[84,129374,79],{"class":189},[84,129376,4217],{"class":185},[84,129378,129379],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129380,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129382,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129400,129402,129404],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129384,156],{"class":133},[84,129386,137],{"class":98},[84,129388,35547],{"class":146},[84,129390,307],{"class":98},[84,129392,128978],{"class":146},[84,129394,137],{"class":98},[84,129396,3711],{"class":185},[84,129398,129399],{"class":189},"py",[84,129401,3711],{"class":185},[84,129403,6204],{"class":98},[84,129405,21610],{"class":4517},[84,129407,129408,129410,129412,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422,129425,129427,129429],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129409,156],{"class":133},[84,129411,137],{"class":98},[84,129413,35547],{"class":146},[84,129415,307],{"class":98},[84,129417,128978],{"class":146},[84,129419,137],{"class":98},[84,129421,3711],{"class":185},[84,129423,129424],{"class":189},"th",[84,129426,3711],{"class":185},[84,129428,6204],{"class":98},[84,129430,58461],{"class":4517},[84,129432,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,129434,156],{"class":133},[84,129436,137],{"class":98},[84,129438,35547],{"class":146},[84,129440,307],{"class":98},[84,129442,128978],{"class":146},[84,129444,137],{"class":98},[84,129446,3711],{"class":185},[84,129448,22920],{"class":189},[84,129450,3711],{"class":185},[84,129452,6204],{"class":98},[84,129454,129041],{"class":4517},[20,129456,90508,129457,9294,129459,3736,129461,307],{},[15,129458,124948],{},[15,129460,4459],{},[15,129462,4528],{},[20,129464,129465],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[70,129467,595,129468,5241,129470],{"id":66223},[15,129469,36910],{},[15,129471,53477],{},[20,129473,224,129474,129476],{},[15,129475,36910],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129478,224,129479,129481],{},[15,129480,53477],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129483,2847,129484,76276,129486,129488],{},[15,129485,53477],{},[53,129487,65886],{}," in the search.",[75,129490,129492],{"className":77,"code":129491,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129493,129494,129507,129511,129535,129564,129596],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129495,129496,129498,129500,129502,129505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129497,35526],{"class":90},[84,129499,95],{"class":94},[84,129501,4211],{"class":185},[84,129503,129504],{"class":189},"one two three two",[84,129506,4217],{"class":185},[84,129508,129509],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129510,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129512,129513,129515,129517,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129514,156],{"class":133},[84,129516,137],{"class":98},[84,129518,35547],{"class":146},[84,129520,307],{"class":98},[84,129522,128978],{"class":146},[84,129524,137],{"class":98},[84,129526,3711],{"class":185},[84,129528,80084],{"class":189},[84,129530,3711],{"class":185},[84,129532,6204],{"class":98},[84,129534,129272],{"class":4517},[84,129536,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129538,156],{"class":133},[84,129540,137],{"class":98},[84,129542,35547],{"class":146},[84,129544,307],{"class":98},[84,129546,128978],{"class":146},[84,129548,137],{"class":98},[84,129550,3711],{"class":185},[84,129552,80084],{"class":189},[84,129554,3711],{"class":185},[84,129556,106],{"class":98},[84,129558,5452],{"class":102},[84,129560,6204],{"class":98},[84,129562,129563],{"class":4517},"     # 14\n",[84,129565,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,129567,156],{"class":133},[84,129569,137],{"class":98},[84,129571,35547],{"class":146},[84,129573,307],{"class":98},[84,129575,128978],{"class":146},[84,129577,137],{"class":98},[84,129579,3711],{"class":185},[84,129581,80084],{"class":189},[84,129583,3711],{"class":185},[84,129585,106],{"class":98},[84,129587,4685],{"class":102},[84,129589,106],{"class":98},[84,129591,6836],{"class":102},[84,129593,6204],{"class":98},[84,129595,51751],{"class":4517},[84,129597,129598,129600,129602,129604,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,129599,156],{"class":133},[84,129601,137],{"class":98},[84,129603,35547],{"class":146},[84,129605,307],{"class":98},[84,129607,128978],{"class":146},[84,129609,137],{"class":98},[84,129611,3711],{"class":185},[84,129613,80084],{"class":189},[84,129615,3711],{"class":185},[84,129617,106],{"class":98},[84,129619,4685],{"class":102},[84,129621,106],{"class":98},[84,129623,119],{"class":102},[84,129625,6204],{"class":98},[84,129627,129334],{"class":4517},[20,129629,129630],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129632,129633,129634,55885,129638,307],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[303,129635,129637],{"href":129636},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[303,129639,129641,129643],{"href":129640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129642,61348],{}," string method",[70,129645,124600],{"id":124599},[20,129647,129648,124411],{},[15,129649,124948],{},[20,129651,127998,129652,5241,129654,129656],{},[15,129653,91016],{},[15,129655,65352],{}," are treated as different text.",[75,129658,129660],{"className":77,"code":129659,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129661,129662,129675,129679,129703],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129663,129664,129666,129668,129670,129673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129665,35526],{"class":90},[84,129667,95],{"class":94},[84,129669,4211],{"class":185},[84,129671,129672],{"class":189},"Hello World",[84,129674,4217],{"class":185},[84,129676,129677],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129678,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129680,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695,129697,129699,129701],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129682,156],{"class":133},[84,129684,137],{"class":98},[84,129686,35547],{"class":146},[84,129688,307],{"class":98},[84,129690,128978],{"class":146},[84,129692,137],{"class":98},[84,129694,3711],{"class":185},[84,129696,35703],{"class":189},[84,129698,3711],{"class":185},[84,129700,6204],{"class":98},[84,129702,52063],{"class":4517},[84,129704,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129706,156],{"class":133},[84,129708,137],{"class":98},[84,129710,35547],{"class":146},[84,129712,307],{"class":98},[84,129714,128978],{"class":146},[84,129716,137],{"class":98},[84,129718,3711],{"class":185},[84,129720,4697],{"class":189},[84,129722,3711],{"class":185},[84,129724,6204],{"class":98},[84,129726,129334],{"class":4517},[20,129728,129729],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[75,129731,129733],{"className":77,"code":129732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129734,129735,129747,129751],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129736,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129738,35526],{"class":90},[84,129740,95],{"class":94},[84,129742,4211],{"class":185},[84,129744,129672],{"class":189},[84,129746,4217],{"class":185},[84,129748,129749],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129750,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129752,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129754,156],{"class":133},[84,129756,137],{"class":98},[84,129758,35547],{"class":146},[84,129760,307],{"class":98},[84,129762,9479],{"class":146},[84,129764,9476],{"class":98},[84,129766,128978],{"class":146},[84,129768,137],{"class":98},[84,129770,3711],{"class":185},[84,129772,4697],{"class":189},[84,129774,3711],{"class":185},[84,129776,6204],{"class":98},[84,129778,52063],{"class":4517},[70,129780,129782,11427,129784],{"id":129781},"find-vs-index",[15,129783,124948],{},[15,129785,59784],{},[20,129787,129788,5241,129790,129792],{},[15,129789,124948],{},[15,129791,59784],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,129794,129795,129801],{},[33,129796,129797,3254,129799],{},[15,129798,124948],{},[15,129800,66670],{},[33,129802,129803,53311,129805],{},[15,129804,59784],{},[15,129806,41521],{},[20,129808,224,129809,129811],{},[15,129810,124948],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129813,224,129814,129816],{},[15,129815,59784],{}," when the value must exist.",[75,129818,129820],{"className":77,"code":129819,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129821,129822,129834,129838],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129823,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129825,35526],{"class":90},[84,129827,95],{"class":94},[84,129829,4211],{"class":185},[84,129831,4697],{"class":189},[84,129833,4217],{"class":185},[84,129835,129836],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129837,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129839,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129841,156],{"class":133},[84,129843,137],{"class":98},[84,129845,35547],{"class":146},[84,129847,307],{"class":98},[84,129849,128978],{"class":146},[84,129851,137],{"class":98},[84,129853,3711],{"class":185},[84,129855,625],{"class":189},[84,129857,3711],{"class":185},[84,129859,6204],{"class":98},[84,129861,129862],{"class":4517},"   # -1\n",[75,129864,129866],{"className":77,"code":129865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129867,129868,129880,129884],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129869,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129871,35526],{"class":90},[84,129873,95],{"class":94},[84,129875,4211],{"class":185},[84,129877,4697],{"class":189},[84,129879,4217],{"class":185},[84,129881,129882],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129883,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129885,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129887,156],{"class":133},[84,129889,137],{"class":98},[84,129891,35547],{"class":146},[84,129893,307],{"class":98},[84,129895,36683],{"class":146},[84,129897,137],{"class":98},[84,129899,3711],{"class":185},[84,129901,625],{"class":189},[84,129903,3711],{"class":185},[84,129905,6204],{"class":98},[84,129907,129908],{"class":4517},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129910,129911,129912,129916,129917,129919,129920,307],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[303,129913,129914,129643],{"href":124973},[15,129915,59784],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129918,59784],{},", read ",[303,129921,26519,129922],{"href":74296},[15,129923,129924],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[70,129926,41863],{"id":41862},[20,129928,36242,129929,129931],{},[15,129930,124948],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129933,129934,129937,129940,129943],{},[33,129935,129936],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129938,129939],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129941,129942],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129944,129945],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129947,129948],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[75,129950,129952],{"className":77,"code":129951,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129953,129954,129967,129990,129994,130009,130025,130044,130058],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,129955,129956,129958,129960,129962,129965],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,129957,35526],{"class":90},[84,129959,95],{"class":94},[84,129961,4211],{"class":185},[84,129963,129964],{"class":189},"name:Alice",[84,129966,4217],{"class":185},[84,129968,129969,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,129970,129971],{"class":90},"colon_pos ",[84,129973,95],{"class":94},[84,129975,43659],{"class":90},[84,129977,307],{"class":98},[84,129979,128978],{"class":146},[84,129981,137],{"class":98},[84,129983,3711],{"class":185},[84,129985,3743],{"class":189},[84,129987,3711],{"class":185},[84,129989,150],{"class":98},[84,129991,129992],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,129993,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,129995,129996,129998,130001,130003,130005,130007],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,129997,7836],{"class":633},[84,129999,130000],{"class":90}," colon_pos ",[84,130002,73406],{"class":94},[84,130004,3081],{"class":94},[84,130006,103],{"class":102},[84,130008,1440],{"class":98},[84,130010,130011,130014,130016,130018,130020,130023],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130012,130013],{"class":90},"    label ",[84,130015,95],{"class":94},[84,130017,43659],{"class":90},[84,130019,76349],{"class":98},[84,130021,130022],{"class":90},"colon_pos",[84,130024,122],{"class":98},[84,130026,130027,130029,130031,130033,130035,130037,130039,130041],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,130028,28241],{"class":90},[84,130030,95],{"class":94},[84,130032,43659],{"class":90},[84,130034,182],{"class":98},[84,130036,129971],{"class":90},[84,130038,847],{"class":94},[84,130040,6341],{"class":102},[84,130042,130043],{"class":98},":]\n",[84,130045,130046,130048,130050,130053,130055],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,130047,1445],{"class":133},[84,130049,137],{"class":98},[84,130051,130052],{"class":146},"label",[84,130054,1970],{"class":98},[84,130056,130057],{"class":4517},"  # name\n",[84,130059,130060,130062,130064,130066,130068],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,130061,1445],{"class":133},[84,130063,137],{"class":98},[84,130065,3329],{"class":146},[84,130067,1970],{"class":98},[84,130069,130070],{"class":4517},"  # Alice\n",[20,130072,130073,130074,307],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[303,130075,127989],{"href":124208},[70,130077,3686],{"id":3685},[20,130079,130080,130081,3743],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,130082,124948],{},[30,130084,130085,130094,130100,130105,130111],{},[33,130086,9291,130087,9294,130089,3736,130091,130093],{},[15,130088,124948],{},[15,130090,4459],{},[15,130092,4528],{}," instead of an index",[33,130095,130096,130097,130099],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,130098,66670],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,130101,595,130102,130104],{},[15,130103,124948],{}," without handling case differences",[33,130106,38041,130107,9544,130109],{},[15,130108,124948],{},[15,130110,59784],{},[33,130112,5426,130113,130115],{},[15,130114,124948],{}," changes the string",[20,130117,130118],{},"Example of a mistake:",[75,130120,130122],{"className":77,"code":130121,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130123,130124,130136,130140,130160,130175,130181],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130125,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130127,35526],{"class":90},[84,130129,95],{"class":94},[84,130131,4211],{"class":185},[84,130133,4697],{"class":189},[84,130135,4217],{"class":185},[84,130137,130138],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130139,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,130141,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130143,7836],{"class":633},[84,130145,43659],{"class":90},[84,130147,307],{"class":98},[84,130149,128978],{"class":146},[84,130151,137],{"class":98},[84,130153,3711],{"class":185},[84,130155,61255],{"class":189},[84,130157,3711],{"class":185},[84,130159,628],{"class":98},[84,130161,130162,130164,130166,130168,130171,130173],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130163,1445],{"class":133},[84,130165,137],{"class":98},[84,130167,3711],{"class":185},[84,130169,130170],{"class":189},"Found",[84,130172,3711],{"class":185},[84,130174,150],{"class":98},[84,130176,130177,130179],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130178,28274],{"class":633},[84,130180,1440],{"class":98},[84,130182,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,130184,1445],{"class":133},[84,130186,137],{"class":98},[84,130188,3711],{"class":185},[84,130190,27155],{"class":189},[84,130192,3711],{"class":185},[84,130194,150],{"class":98},[20,130196,100514],{},[75,130198,130200],{"className":77,"code":130199,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Not found\n",[15,130201,130202],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130203,130204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130205,130199],{"class":90},[20,130207,46520,130208,130211,130212,17912,130214,130216,130217,130219],{},[15,130209,130210],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130213,2983],{},[15,130215,2983],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130218,7836],{}," statement.",[20,130221,130222],{},"A safer version is:",[75,130224,130226],{"className":77,"code":130225,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130227,130228,130240,130244,130273,130287,130293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130229,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130231,35526],{"class":90},[84,130233,95],{"class":94},[84,130235,4211],{"class":185},[84,130237,4697],{"class":189},[84,130239,4217],{"class":185},[84,130241,130242],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130243,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,130245,130246,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258,130260,130262,130264,130267,130269,130271],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130247,7836],{"class":633},[84,130249,43659],{"class":90},[84,130251,307],{"class":98},[84,130253,128978],{"class":146},[84,130255,137],{"class":98},[84,130257,3711],{"class":185},[84,130259,61255],{"class":189},[84,130261,3711],{"class":185},[84,130263,1970],{"class":98},[84,130265,130266],{"class":94}," !=",[84,130268,3081],{"class":94},[84,130270,103],{"class":102},[84,130272,1440],{"class":98},[84,130274,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130276,1445],{"class":133},[84,130278,137],{"class":98},[84,130280,3711],{"class":185},[84,130282,130170],{"class":189},[84,130284,3711],{"class":185},[84,130286,150],{"class":98},[84,130288,130289,130291],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130290,28274],{"class":633},[84,130292,1440],{"class":98},[84,130294,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130305],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,130296,1445],{"class":133},[84,130298,137],{"class":98},[84,130300,3711],{"class":185},[84,130302,27155],{"class":189},[84,130304,3711],{"class":185},[84,130306,150],{"class":98},[20,130308,130309],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[75,130311,130313],{"className":77,"code":130312,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130314,130315,130337,130351,130377,130391],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130316,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130318,156],{"class":133},[84,130320,137],{"class":98},[84,130322,35547],{"class":146},[84,130324,307],{"class":98},[84,130326,128978],{"class":146},[84,130328,137],{"class":98},[84,130330,186],{"class":185},[84,130332,39215],{"class":189},[84,130334,186],{"class":185},[84,130336,169],{"class":98},[84,130338,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130340,156],{"class":133},[84,130342,137],{"class":98},[84,130344,42597],{"class":133},[84,130346,137],{"class":98},[84,130348,35547],{"class":146},[84,130350,169],{"class":98},[84,130352,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130354,156],{"class":133},[84,130356,137],{"class":98},[84,130358,35547],{"class":146},[84,130360,307],{"class":98},[84,130362,9479],{"class":146},[84,130364,9476],{"class":98},[84,130366,128978],{"class":146},[84,130368,137],{"class":98},[84,130370,186],{"class":185},[84,130372,39215],{"class":189},[84,130374,186],{"class":185},[84,130376,169],{"class":98},[84,130378,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130380,156],{"class":133},[84,130382,137],{"class":98},[84,130384,12005],{"class":133},[84,130386,137],{"class":98},[84,130388,35547],{"class":146},[84,130390,169],{"class":98},[84,130392,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413,130415,130417,130419],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130394,156],{"class":133},[84,130396,137],{"class":98},[84,130398,35547],{"class":146},[84,130400,307],{"class":98},[84,130402,128978],{"class":146},[84,130404,137],{"class":98},[84,130406,186],{"class":185},[84,130408,39215],{"class":189},[84,130410,186],{"class":185},[84,130412,106],{"class":98},[84,130414,36889],{"class":146},[84,130416,106],{"class":98},[84,130418,65857],{"class":146},[84,130420,169],{"class":98},[20,130422,130423],{},"These help you check:",[30,130425,130426,130431,130436,130441,130444],{},[33,130427,130428,130429],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130430,124948],{},[33,130432,130433,130434],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130435,123167],{},[33,130437,130438,130439],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130440,124683],{},[33,130442,130443],{},"The string length",[33,130445,130446,130447,5241,130449,130451],{},"Whether your ",[15,130448,36910],{},[15,130450,53477],{}," values are correct",[70,130453,2694],{"id":2693},[995,130455,130457,130458,130460],{"id":130456},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130459,124948],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130462,5993,130463,307],{},[15,130464,66670],{},[995,130466,2698,130468,130470],{"id":130467},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130469,124948],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130472,130473],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[995,130475,130477,130478,125289],{"id":130476},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130479,124948],{},[20,130481,130482],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[995,130484,6024,130486,5241,130488,70469],{"id":130485},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130487,124948],{},[15,130489,59784],{},[20,130491,130492,3254,130494,130496,130497,53311,130499,307],{},[15,130493,124948],{},[15,130495,66670],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130498,59784],{},[15,130500,41521],{},[995,130502,29169,130504,130506],{"id":130503},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130505,124948],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130508,130509,130510,5241,130512,66969],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130511,36910],{},[15,130513,53477],{},[70,130515,2751],{"id":2750},[30,130517,130518,130524,130530,130537,130543,130550,130554,130559],{},[33,130519,130520],{},[303,130521,126953,130522,11583],{"href":124973},[15,130523,59784],{},[33,130525,130526],{},[303,130527,126953,130528,11583],{"href":129640},[15,130529,61348],{},[33,130531,130532],{},[303,130533,126953,130535,11583],{"href":130534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130536,125124],{},[33,130538,130539],{},[303,130540,126953,130541,11583],{"href":128318},[15,130542,128321],{},[33,130544,130545],{},[303,130546,126953,130548,11583],{"href":130547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130549,127011],{},[33,130551,130552],{},[303,130553,125352],{"href":124208},[33,130555,130556],{},[303,130557,130558],{"href":129636},"How to split a string in Python",[33,130560,130561],{},[303,130562,26962,130563],{"href":74296},[15,130564,129924],{},[2785,130566,130567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":130569},[130570,130572,130575,130576,130577,130578,130580,130581,130582,130594],{"id":129054,"depth":125,"text":130571},"What find() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":130573},[130574],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846},{"id":66223,"depth":125,"text":67005},{"id":124599,"depth":125,"text":124600},{"id":129781,"depth":125,"text":130579},"find() vs index()",{"id":41862,"depth":125,"text":41863},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":130583},[130584,130586,130588,130590,130592],{"id":130456,"depth":153,"text":130585},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130467,"depth":153,"text":130587},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130476,"depth":153,"text":130589},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130485,"depth":153,"text":130591},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130503,"depth":153,"text":130593},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128926,"description":130595},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130602,"title":130603,"body":130604,"description":132530,"extension":2830,"meta":132531,"navigation":472,"path":132532,"seo":132533,"stem":132534,"__hash__":132535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130605,"toc":132498},[130606,130611,130616,130619,130621,130697,130701,130729,130737,130741,130746,130750,130767,130769,130836,130840,130862,130870,130872,130875,130899,130902,130916,130918,131003,131007,131019,131022,131026,131032,131082,131086,131103,131112,131115,131123,131126,131175,131179,131204,131207,131262,131266,131278,131284,131288,131294,131299,131366,131370,131396,131399,131410,131412,131479,131483,131508,131515,131519,131524,131531,131539,131541,131593,131597,131615,131617,131662,131666,131681,131684,131694,131701,131703,131707,131710,131721,131723,131783,131787,131815,131818,131824,131829,131832,131836,131880,131883,131921,131924,131932,131934,131939,131943,131946,131994,131997,132000,132056,132060,132065,132068,132117,132119,132168,132174,132179,132181,132228,132232,132245,132247,132298,132304,132307,132311,132314,132320,132325,132327,132330,132402,132405,132422,132424,132429,132432,132436,132442,132448,132455,132461,132467,132469,132495],[10,130607,123953,130609,12166],{"id":130608},"python-string-format-method",[15,130610,126956],{},[20,130612,123958,130613,130615],{},[15,130614,126956],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130617,130618],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[70,130620,73],{"id":72},[75,130622,130624],{"className":77,"code":130623,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130625,130626,130638,130646,130650,130687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130627,130628,130630,130632,130634,130636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130629,8716],{"class":90},[84,130631,95],{"class":94},[84,130633,4211],{"class":185},[84,130635,12352],{"class":189},[84,130637,4217],{"class":185},[84,130639,130640,130642,130644],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130641,22471],{"class":90},[84,130643,95],{"class":94},[84,130645,89397],{"class":102},[84,130647,130648],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130649,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,130651,130652,130654,130656,130658,130661,130663,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130653,90605],{"class":90},[84,130655,95],{"class":94},[84,130657,4211],{"class":185},[84,130659,130660],{"class":189},"My name is ",[84,130662,4644],{"class":102},[84,130664,130665],{"class":189}," and I am ",[84,130667,4644],{"class":102},[84,130669,122949],{"class":189},[84,130671,3711],{"class":185},[84,130673,307],{"class":98},[84,130675,130676],{"class":146},"format",[84,130678,137],{"class":98},[84,130680,8508],{"class":146},[84,130682,106],{"class":98},[84,130684,10028],{"class":146},[84,130686,150],{"class":98},[84,130688,130689,130691,130693,130695],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130690,156],{"class":133},[84,130692,137],{"class":98},[84,130694,90622],{"class":146},[84,130696,150],{"class":98},[20,130698,130699],{},[53,130700,172],{},[75,130702,130704],{"className":77,"code":130703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130705,130706],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130707,130708,130711,130713,130716,130719,130722,130725,130727],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130709,130710],{"class":90},"My name ",[84,130712,13037],{"class":94},[84,130714,130715],{"class":90}," Maya ",[84,130717,130718],{"class":94},"and",[84,130720,130721],{"class":90}," I am ",[84,130723,130724],{"class":102},"12",[84,130726,122982],{"class":90},[84,130728,122985],{"class":98},[20,130730,224,130731,130733,130734,130736],{},[15,130732,4644],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130735,126956],{}," in the same order.",[20,130738,125705,130739,307],{},[303,130740,125708],{"href":51791},[70,130742,13839,130744,13842],{"id":130743},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130745,126956],{},[20,130747,2847,130748,12257],{},[15,130749,126956],{},[30,130751,130752,130755,130761,130764],{},[33,130753,130754],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,130756,130757,130758,130760],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130759,4644],{}," with given values",[33,130762,130763],{},"returns a new string",[33,130765,130766],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130768,814],{},[75,130770,130772],{"className":77,"code":130771,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130773,130774,130788,130811,130815,130826],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130775,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130777,35526],{"class":90},[84,130779,95],{"class":94},[84,130781,4211],{"class":185},[84,130783,45719],{"class":189},[84,130785,4644],{"class":102},[84,130787,4217],{"class":185},[84,130789,130790,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130803,130805,130807,130809],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130791,130792],{"class":90},"new_text ",[84,130794,95],{"class":94},[84,130796,43659],{"class":90},[84,130798,307],{"class":98},[84,130800,130676],{"class":146},[84,130802,137],{"class":98},[84,130804,3711],{"class":185},[84,130806,8517],{"class":189},[84,130808,3711],{"class":185},[84,130810,150],{"class":98},[84,130812,130813],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130814,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,130816,130817,130819,130821,130824],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130818,156],{"class":133},[84,130820,137],{"class":98},[84,130822,130823],{"class":146},"new_text",[84,130825,150],{"class":98},[84,130827,130828,130830,130832,130834],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130829,156],{"class":133},[84,130831,137],{"class":98},[84,130833,35547],{"class":146},[84,130835,150],{"class":98},[20,130837,130838],{},[53,130839,172],{},[75,130841,130843],{"className":77,"code":130842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130844,130845,130854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130846,130847,130849,130851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130848,35703],{"class":90},[84,130850,106],{"class":98},[84,130852,130853],{"class":90}," Sam\n",[84,130855,130856,130858,130860],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130857,35703],{"class":90},[84,130859,106],{"class":98},[84,130861,10679],{"class":98},[20,130863,3144,130864,130866,130867,130869],{},[15,130865,35547],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130868,126956],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[70,130871,311],{"id":310},[20,130873,130874],{},"The general form is:",[75,130876,130878],{"className":77,"code":130877,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130879,130880],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130881,130882,130884,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130883,3711],{"class":44146},[84,130885,130886],{"class":44150},"text {}",[84,130888,3711],{"class":44146},[84,130890,307],{"class":98},[84,130892,130676],{"class":146},[84,130894,137],{"class":98},[84,130896,3329],{"class":146},[84,130898,150],{"class":98},[20,130900,130901],{},"Key idea:",[30,130903,130904,130910,130913],{},[33,130905,130906,130907,130909],{},"each ",[15,130908,4644],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130911,130912],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130914,130915],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130917,814],{},[75,130919,130921],{"className":77,"code":130920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130922,130923,130936,130950,130954,130992],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,130924,130925,130928,130930,130932,130934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,130926,130927],{"class":90},"animal ",[84,130929,95],{"class":94},[84,130931,4211],{"class":185},[84,130933,37884],{"class":189},[84,130935,4217],{"class":185},[84,130937,130938,130941,130943,130945,130948],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,130939,130940],{"class":90},"sound ",[84,130942,95],{"class":94},[84,130944,4211],{"class":185},[84,130946,130947],{"class":189},"meow",[84,130949,4217],{"class":185},[84,130951,130952],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,130953,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,130955,130956,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130985,130987,130990],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,130957,130958],{"class":90},"sentence ",[84,130960,95],{"class":94},[84,130962,4211],{"class":185},[84,130964,2847],{"class":189},[84,130966,4644],{"class":102},[84,130968,130969],{"class":189}," says ",[84,130971,4644],{"class":102},[84,130973,307],{"class":189},[84,130975,3711],{"class":185},[84,130977,307],{"class":98},[84,130979,130676],{"class":146},[84,130981,137],{"class":98},[84,130983,130984],{"class":146},"animal",[84,130986,106],{"class":98},[84,130988,130989],{"class":146}," sound",[84,130991,150],{"class":98},[84,130993,130994,130996,130998,131001],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,130995,156],{"class":133},[84,130997,137],{"class":98},[84,130999,131000],{"class":146},"sentence",[84,131002,150],{"class":98},[20,131004,131005],{},[53,131006,172],{},[75,131008,131010],{"className":77,"code":131009,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,131011,131012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131013,131014,131017],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131015,131016],{"class":90},"The cat says meow",[84,131018,122985],{"class":98},[20,131020,131021],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[70,131023,131025],{"id":131024},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,131027,131028,131029,131031],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,131030,4644],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[75,131033,131035],{"className":77,"code":131034,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,131036,131037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045,131048,131050,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131069,131071,131073,131075,131078,131080],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131040,156],{"class":133},[84,131042,137],{"class":98},[84,131044,3711],{"class":185},[84,131046,131047],{"class":189},"I like ",[84,131049,4644],{"class":102},[84,131051,5241],{"class":189},[84,131053,4644],{"class":102},[84,131055,307],{"class":189},[84,131057,3711],{"class":185},[84,131059,307],{"class":98},[84,131061,130676],{"class":146},[84,131063,137],{"class":98},[84,131065,3711],{"class":185},[84,131067,131068],{"class":189},"pizza",[84,131070,3711],{"class":185},[84,131072,106],{"class":98},[84,131074,4211],{"class":185},[84,131076,131077],{"class":189},"pasta",[84,131079,3711],{"class":185},[84,131081,169],{"class":98},[20,131083,131084],{},[53,131085,172],{},[75,131087,131089],{"className":77,"code":131088,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,131090,131091],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131092,131093,131096,131098,131101],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131094,131095],{"class":90},"I like pizza ",[84,131097,130718],{"class":94},[84,131099,131100],{"class":90}," pasta",[84,131102,122985],{"class":98},[20,131104,131105,131106,5241,131109,307],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,131107,131108],{},"{0}",[15,131110,131111],{},"{1}",[20,131113,131114],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,131116,131117,131120],{},[33,131118,131119],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,131121,131122],{},"you want to change the order",[20,131124,131125],{},"Example with reused values:",[75,131127,131129],{"className":77,"code":131128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131130,131131,131165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131132,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131144,131146,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131134,35526],{"class":90},[84,131136,95],{"class":94},[84,131138,4211],{"class":185},[84,131140,131108],{"class":102},[84,131142,131143],{"class":189}," is learning Python. ",[84,131145,131108],{"class":102},[84,131147,131148],{"class":189}," likes coding.",[84,131150,3711],{"class":185},[84,131152,307],{"class":98},[84,131154,130676],{"class":146},[84,131156,137],{"class":98},[84,131158,3711],{"class":185},[84,131160,20724],{"class":189},[84,131162,3711],{"class":185},[84,131164,150],{"class":98},[84,131166,131167,131169,131171,131173],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131168,156],{"class":133},[84,131170,137],{"class":98},[84,131172,35547],{"class":146},[84,131174,150],{"class":98},[20,131176,131177],{},[53,131178,172],{},[75,131180,131182],{"className":77,"code":131181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131183,131184],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131185,131186,131189,131191,131194,131196,131199,131202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131187,131188],{"class":90},"Lina ",[84,131190,13037],{"class":94},[84,131192,131193],{"class":90}," learning Python",[84,131195,307],{"class":98},[84,131197,131198],{"class":25590}," Lina",[84,131200,131201],{"class":90}," likes coding",[84,131203,122985],{"class":98},[20,131205,131206],{},"Example with changed order:",[75,131208,131210],{"className":77,"code":131209,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131211,131212,131252],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131213,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131215,35526],{"class":90},[84,131217,95],{"class":94},[84,131219,4211],{"class":185},[84,131221,131111],{"class":102},[84,131223,83924],{"class":189},[84,131225,131108],{"class":102},[84,131227,307],{"class":189},[84,131229,3711],{"class":185},[84,131231,307],{"class":98},[84,131233,130676],{"class":146},[84,131235,137],{"class":98},[84,131237,3711],{"class":185},[84,131239,7424],{"class":189},[84,131241,3711],{"class":185},[84,131243,106],{"class":98},[84,131245,4211],{"class":185},[84,131247,80084],{"class":189},[84,131249,3711],{"class":185},[84,131251,150],{"class":98},[84,131253,131254,131256,131258,131260],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131255,156],{"class":133},[84,131257,137],{"class":98},[84,131259,35547],{"class":146},[84,131261,150],{"class":98},[20,131263,131264],{},[53,131265,172],{},[75,131267,131269],{"className":77,"code":131268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131270,131271],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131272,131273,131276],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131274,131275],{"class":90},"two comes after one",[84,131277,122985],{"class":98},[20,131279,131280,131281,131283],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131282,4644],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[70,131285,131287],{"id":131286},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131289,131290,131291,307],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131292,131293],{},"{name}",[20,131295,131296,131297,3743],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131298,126956],{},[75,131300,131302],{"className":77,"code":131301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131303,131304,131356],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131305,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131319,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131307,35526],{"class":90},[84,131309,95],{"class":94},[84,131311,4211],{"class":185},[84,131313,130660],{"class":189},[84,131315,131293],{"class":102},[84,131317,131318],{"class":189}," and I live in ",[84,131320,131321],{"class":102},"{city}",[84,131323,307],{"class":189},[84,131325,3711],{"class":185},[84,131327,307],{"class":98},[84,131329,130676],{"class":146},[84,131331,137],{"class":98},[84,131333,8508],{"class":10015},[84,131335,95],{"class":94},[84,131337,3711],{"class":185},[84,131339,13723],{"class":189},[84,131341,3711],{"class":185},[84,131343,106],{"class":98},[84,131345,32226],{"class":10015},[84,131347,95],{"class":94},[84,131349,3711],{"class":185},[84,131351,16873],{"class":189},[84,131353,3711],{"class":185},[84,131355,150],{"class":98},[84,131357,131358,131360,131362,131364],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131359,156],{"class":133},[84,131361,137],{"class":98},[84,131363,35547],{"class":146},[84,131365,150],{"class":98},[20,131367,131368],{},[53,131369,172],{},[75,131371,131373],{"className":77,"code":131372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131374,131375],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131376,131377,131379,131381,131384,131386,131389,131391,131394],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131378,130710],{"class":90},[84,131380,13037],{"class":94},[84,131382,131383],{"class":90}," Ana ",[84,131385,130718],{"class":94},[84,131387,131388],{"class":90}," I live ",[84,131390,1434],{"class":94},[84,131392,131393],{"class":90}," Lima",[84,131395,122985],{"class":98},[20,131397,131398],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,131400,131401,131404,131407],{},[33,131402,131403],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,131405,131406],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,131408,131409],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131411,814],{},[75,131413,131415],{"className":77,"code":131414,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131416,131417,131469],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131418,131419,131422,131424,131426,131429,131432,131435,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131455,131457,131459,131462,131464,131467],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131420,131421],{"class":90},"report ",[84,131423,95],{"class":94},[84,131425,4211],{"class":185},[84,131427,131428],{"class":189},"Student: ",[84,131430,131431],{"class":102},"{student}",[84,131433,131434],{"class":189},", Score: ",[84,131436,131437],{"class":102},"{score}",[84,131439,3711],{"class":185},[84,131441,307],{"class":98},[84,131443,130676],{"class":146},[84,131445,137],{"class":98},[84,131447,14470],{"class":10015},[84,131449,95],{"class":94},[84,131451,3711],{"class":185},[84,131453,131454],{"class":189},"Noah",[84,131456,3711],{"class":185},[84,131458,106],{"class":98},[84,131460,131461],{"class":10015}," score",[84,131463,95],{"class":94},[84,131465,131466],{"class":102},"95",[84,131468,150],{"class":98},[84,131470,131471,131473,131475,131477],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131472,156],{"class":133},[84,131474,137],{"class":98},[84,131476,128666],{"class":146},[84,131478,150],{"class":98},[20,131480,131481],{},[53,131482,172],{},[75,131484,131486],{"className":77,"code":131485,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131487,131488],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131489,131490,131493,131495,131498,131500,131503,131505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131491,131492],{"class":90},"Student",[84,131494,3743],{"class":98},[84,131496,131497],{"class":90}," Noah",[84,131499,106],{"class":98},[84,131501,131502],{"class":90}," Score",[84,131504,3743],{"class":98},[84,131506,131507],{"class":102}," 95\n",[20,131509,131510,131511,307],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[303,131512,13,131513,591],{"href":42992},[15,131514,545],{},[70,131516,131518],{"id":131517},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131520,131521,131523],{},[15,131522,126956],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131525,131526,131527,131530],{},"A common example is ",[15,131528,131529],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,131532,131533,131536],{},[33,131534,131535],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,131537,131538],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131540,814],{},[75,131542,131544],{"className":77,"code":131543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131545,131546,131554,131583],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131547,131548,131550,131552],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131549,41204],{"class":90},[84,131551,95],{"class":94},[84,131553,50091],{"class":102},[84,131555,131556,131558,131560,131562,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131557,35526],{"class":90},[84,131559,95],{"class":94},[84,131561,4211],{"class":185},[84,131563,131564],{"class":189},"Price: $",[84,131566,10118],{"class":102},[84,131568,131529],{"class":614},[84,131570,23146],{"class":102},[84,131572,3711],{"class":185},[84,131574,307],{"class":98},[84,131576,130676],{"class":146},[84,131578,137],{"class":98},[84,131580,25989],{"class":146},[84,131582,150],{"class":98},[84,131584,131585,131587,131589,131591],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,131586,156],{"class":133},[84,131588,137],{"class":98},[84,131590,35547],{"class":146},[84,131592,150],{"class":98},[20,131594,131595],{},[53,131596,172],{},[75,131598,131600],{"className":77,"code":131599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131601,131602],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131603,131604,131607,131609,131612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131605,131606],{"class":90},"Price",[84,131608,3743],{"class":98},[84,131610,131611],{"class":1262}," $",[84,131613,131614],{"class":102},"3.50\n",[20,131616,52896],{},[75,131618,131620],{"className":77,"code":131619,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131621,131622,131632],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131623,131624,131627,131629],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131625,131626],{"class":90},"average ",[84,131628,95],{"class":94},[84,131630,131631],{"class":102}," 91.236\n",[84,131633,131634,131636,131638,131640,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131660],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131635,156],{"class":133},[84,131637,137],{"class":98},[84,131639,3711],{"class":185},[84,131641,131642],{"class":189},"Average: ",[84,131644,10118],{"class":102},[84,131646,131529],{"class":614},[84,131648,23146],{"class":102},[84,131650,3711],{"class":185},[84,131652,307],{"class":98},[84,131654,130676],{"class":146},[84,131656,137],{"class":98},[84,131658,131659],{"class":146},"average",[84,131661,169],{"class":98},[20,131663,131664],{},[53,131665,172],{},[75,131667,131669],{"className":77,"code":131668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131670,131671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131672,131673,131676,131678],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131674,131675],{"class":90},"Average",[84,131677,3743],{"class":98},[84,131679,131680],{"class":102}," 91.24\n",[20,131682,131683],{},"This is useful for:",[30,131685,131686,131688,131691],{},[33,131687,83682],{},[33,131689,131690],{},"averages",[33,131692,131693],{},"percentages",[20,131695,131696,131697,307],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[303,131698,13,131699,3161],{"href":47266},[15,131700,47269],{},[70,131702,18259],{"id":18258},[20,131704,131705,93119],{},[15,131706,126956],{},[20,131708,131709],{},"That means you can:",[30,131711,131712,131715,131718],{},[33,131713,131714],{},"save it in a variable",[33,131716,131717],{},"print it directly",[33,131719,131720],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131722,814],{},[75,131724,131726],{"className":77,"code":131725,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131727,131728,131759,131769],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131729,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131755,131757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131731,90605],{"class":90},[84,131733,95],{"class":94},[84,131735,4211],{"class":185},[84,131737,45719],{"class":189},[84,131739,4644],{"class":102},[84,131741,90446],{"class":189},[84,131743,3711],{"class":185},[84,131745,307],{"class":98},[84,131747,130676],{"class":146},[84,131749,137],{"class":98},[84,131751,3711],{"class":185},[84,131753,131754],{"class":189},"Chris",[84,131756,3711],{"class":185},[84,131758,150],{"class":98},[84,131760,131761,131763,131765,131767],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131762,156],{"class":133},[84,131764,137],{"class":98},[84,131766,90622],{"class":146},[84,131768,150],{"class":98},[84,131770,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,131772,156],{"class":133},[84,131774,137],{"class":98},[84,131776,2624],{"class":140},[84,131778,137],{"class":98},[84,131780,90622],{"class":146},[84,131782,169],{"class":98},[20,131784,131785],{},[53,131786,172],{},[75,131788,131790],{"className":77,"code":131789,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131791,131792,131801],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131793,131794,131796,131798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131795,35703],{"class":90},[84,131797,106],{"class":98},[84,131799,131800],{"class":90}," Chris!\n",[84,131802,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131804,1251],{"class":94},[84,131806,4152],{"class":614},[84,131808,196],{"class":185},[84,131810,141],{"class":189},[84,131812,186],{"class":185},[84,131814,1270],{"class":94},[20,131816,131817],{},"The original string is not changed.",[70,131819,131821,131823],{"id":131820},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131822,126956],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131825,131826,131828],{},[15,131827,126956],{}," is a string method.",[20,131830,131831],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131833,46857,131834,3743],{},[15,131835,126956],{},[75,131837,131839],{"className":77,"code":131838,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131840,131841,131854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131842,131843,131845,131847,131849,131852],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131844,8716],{"class":90},[84,131846,95],{"class":94},[84,131848,4211],{"class":185},[84,131850,131851],{"class":189},"Rita",[84,131853,4217],{"class":185},[84,131855,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131857,156],{"class":133},[84,131859,137],{"class":98},[84,131861,3711],{"class":185},[84,131863,45719],{"class":189},[84,131865,4644],{"class":102},[84,131867,90446],{"class":189},[84,131869,3711],{"class":185},[84,131871,307],{"class":98},[84,131873,130676],{"class":146},[84,131875,137],{"class":98},[84,131877,8508],{"class":146},[84,131879,169],{"class":98},[20,131881,131882],{},"Example with an f-string:",[75,131884,131886],{"className":77,"code":131885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131887,131888,131900],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131889,131890,131892,131894,131896,131898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131891,8716],{"class":90},[84,131893,95],{"class":94},[84,131895,4211],{"class":185},[84,131897,131851],{"class":189},[84,131899,4217],{"class":185},[84,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131919],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131903,156],{"class":133},[84,131905,137],{"class":98},[84,131907,23137],{"class":614},[84,131909,44164],{"class":189},[84,131911,10118],{"class":102},[84,131913,8508],{"class":146},[84,131915,23146],{"class":102},[84,131917,131918],{"class":189},"!\"",[84,131920,150],{"class":98},[20,131922,131923],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131925,131926,131927,131929,131930,307],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131928,126956],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[303,131931,90291],{"href":90290},[70,131933,3686],{"id":3685},[20,131935,131936,131937,307],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131938,126956],{},[995,131940,131942],{"id":131941},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131944,131945],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[75,131947,131949],{"className":77,"code":131948,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131950,131951,131984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,131952,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,131954,35526],{"class":90},[84,131956,95],{"class":94},[84,131958,4211],{"class":185},[84,131960,45719],{"class":189},[84,131962,4644],{"class":102},[84,131964,131965],{"class":102}," {}",[84,131967,90446],{"class":189},[84,131969,3711],{"class":185},[84,131971,307],{"class":98},[84,131973,130676],{"class":146},[84,131975,137],{"class":98},[84,131977,3711],{"class":185},[84,131979,8517],{"class":189},[84,131981,3711],{"class":185},[84,131983,150],{"class":98},[84,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,131987,156],{"class":133},[84,131989,137],{"class":98},[84,131991,35547],{"class":146},[84,131993,150],{"class":98},[20,131995,131996],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131998,131999],{},"Fixed version:",[75,132001,132003],{"className":77,"code":132002,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132004,132005,132046],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132006,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132042,132044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132008,35526],{"class":90},[84,132010,95],{"class":94},[84,132012,4211],{"class":185},[84,132014,45719],{"class":189},[84,132016,4644],{"class":102},[84,132018,131965],{"class":102},[84,132020,90446],{"class":189},[84,132022,3711],{"class":185},[84,132024,307],{"class":98},[84,132026,130676],{"class":146},[84,132028,137],{"class":98},[84,132030,3711],{"class":185},[84,132032,8517],{"class":189},[84,132034,3711],{"class":185},[84,132036,106],{"class":98},[84,132038,4211],{"class":185},[84,132040,132041],{"class":189},"Lee",[84,132043,3711],{"class":185},[84,132045,150],{"class":98},[84,132047,132048,132050,132052,132054],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132049,156],{"class":133},[84,132051,137],{"class":98},[84,132053,35547],{"class":146},[84,132055,150],{"class":98},[995,132057,132059],{"id":132058},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,132061,132062,132063,307],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,132064,126956],{},[20,132066,132067],{},"Problem:",[75,132069,132071],{"className":77,"code":132070,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132072,132073,132107],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132074,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132076,35526],{"class":90},[84,132078,95],{"class":94},[84,132080,4211],{"class":185},[84,132082,45719],{"class":189},[84,132084,131293],{"class":102},[84,132086,90446],{"class":189},[84,132088,3711],{"class":185},[84,132090,307],{"class":98},[84,132092,130676],{"class":146},[84,132094,137],{"class":98},[84,132096,8825],{"class":10015},[84,132098,95],{"class":94},[84,132100,3711],{"class":185},[84,132102,8517],{"class":189},[84,132104,3711],{"class":185},[84,132106,150],{"class":98},[84,132108,132109,132111,132113,132115],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132110,156],{"class":133},[84,132112,137],{"class":98},[84,132114,35547],{"class":146},[84,132116,150],{"class":98},[20,132118,131999],{},[75,132120,132122],{"className":77,"code":132121,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132123,132124,132158],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132125,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132127,35526],{"class":90},[84,132129,95],{"class":94},[84,132131,4211],{"class":185},[84,132133,45719],{"class":189},[84,132135,131293],{"class":102},[84,132137,90446],{"class":189},[84,132139,3711],{"class":185},[84,132141,307],{"class":98},[84,132143,130676],{"class":146},[84,132145,137],{"class":98},[84,132147,8508],{"class":10015},[84,132149,95],{"class":94},[84,132151,3711],{"class":185},[84,132153,8517],{"class":189},[84,132155,3711],{"class":185},[84,132157,150],{"class":98},[84,132159,132160,132162,132164,132166],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132161,156],{"class":133},[84,132163,137],{"class":98},[84,132165,35547],{"class":146},[84,132167,150],{"class":98},[995,132169,9291,132171,132173],{"id":132170},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132172,126956],{}," to change the original string",[20,132175,132176,132178],{},[15,132177,126956],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132180,132067],{},[75,132182,132184],{"className":77,"code":132183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132185,132186,132200,132218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132187,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132189,35526],{"class":90},[84,132191,95],{"class":94},[84,132193,4211],{"class":185},[84,132195,45719],{"class":189},[84,132197,4644],{"class":102},[84,132199,4217],{"class":185},[84,132201,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132203,35547],{"class":90},[84,132205,307],{"class":98},[84,132207,130676],{"class":146},[84,132209,137],{"class":98},[84,132211,3711],{"class":185},[84,132213,8517],{"class":189},[84,132215,3711],{"class":185},[84,132217,150],{"class":98},[84,132219,132220,132222,132224,132226],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132221,156],{"class":133},[84,132223,137],{"class":98},[84,132225,35547],{"class":146},[84,132227,150],{"class":98},[20,132229,132230],{},[53,132231,172],{},[75,132233,132235],{"className":77,"code":132234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132236,132237],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132238,132239,132241,132243],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132240,35703],{"class":90},[84,132242,106],{"class":98},[84,132244,10679],{"class":98},[20,132246,131999],{},[75,132248,132250],{"className":77,"code":132249,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132251,132252,132266,132288],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132255,35526],{"class":90},[84,132257,95],{"class":94},[84,132259,4211],{"class":185},[84,132261,45719],{"class":189},[84,132263,4644],{"class":102},[84,132265,4217],{"class":185},[84,132267,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132269,35526],{"class":90},[84,132271,95],{"class":94},[84,132273,43659],{"class":90},[84,132275,307],{"class":98},[84,132277,130676],{"class":146},[84,132279,137],{"class":98},[84,132281,3711],{"class":185},[84,132283,8517],{"class":189},[84,132285,3711],{"class":185},[84,132287,150],{"class":98},[84,132289,132290,132292,132294,132296],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132291,156],{"class":133},[84,132293,137],{"class":98},[84,132295,35547],{"class":146},[84,132297,150],{"class":98},[995,132299,5551,132301,132303],{"id":132300},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132302,126956],{}," returns a new string",[20,132305,132306],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[995,132308,132310],{"id":132309},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132312,132313],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132315,132316,132317,132319],{},"Use simple ",[15,132318,4644],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132321,132322,132323,307],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[303,132324,91004],{"href":91003},[70,132326,2580],{"id":2579},[20,132328,132329],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[75,132331,132333],{"className":77,"code":132332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132334,132335,132345,132359,132388],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132336,132337,132339,132341,132343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132338,156],{"class":133},[84,132340,137],{"class":98},[84,132342,35547],{"class":146},[84,132344,150],{"class":98},[84,132346,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132348,156],{"class":133},[84,132350,137],{"class":98},[84,132352,2624],{"class":140},[84,132354,137],{"class":98},[84,132356,3329],{"class":146},[84,132358,169],{"class":98},[84,132360,132361,132363,132365,132367,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132362,156],{"class":133},[84,132364,137],{"class":98},[84,132366,3711],{"class":185},[84,132368,132369],{"class":189},"Hello ",[84,132371,4644],{"class":102},[84,132373,3711],{"class":185},[84,132375,307],{"class":98},[84,132377,130676],{"class":146},[84,132379,137],{"class":98},[84,132381,3711],{"class":185},[84,132383,8517],{"class":189},[84,132385,3711],{"class":185},[84,132387,169],{"class":98},[84,132389,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,132391,32994],{"class":133},[84,132393,137],{"class":98},[84,132395,141],{"class":140},[84,132397,307],{"class":98},[84,132399,130676],{"class":25590},[84,132401,150],{"class":98},[20,132403,132404],{},"Use them to check:",[30,132406,132407,132410,132413,132416],{},[33,132408,132409],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,132411,132412],{},"what type your value has",[33,132414,132415],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,132417,132418,132419],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132420,132421],{},"str.format",[70,132423,2694],{"id":2693},[995,132425,130457,132427,13558],{"id":132426},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132428,126956],{},[20,132430,132431],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[995,132433,132435],{"id":132434},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132437,132438,132439,132441],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132440,4644],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[995,132443,132445,132446,3348],{"id":132444},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132447,126956],{},[20,132449,132450,132451,132454],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132452,132453],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[995,132456,2715,132458,132460],{"id":132457},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132459,126956],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132462,132463,132464,132466],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132465,126956],{}," is still useful and common.",[70,132468,2751],{"id":2750},[30,132470,132471,132475,132479,132485,132491],{},[33,132472,132473],{},[303,132474,125708],{"href":51791},[33,132476,132477],{},[303,132478,91281],{"href":90290},[33,132480,132481],{},[303,132482,13,132483,591],{"href":47266},[15,132484,47269],{},[33,132486,132487],{},[303,132488,13,132489,591],{"href":42992},[15,132490,545],{},[33,132492,132493],{},[303,132494,91004],{"href":91003},[2785,132496,132497],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":132499},[132500,132501,132503,132504,132505,132506,132507,132508,132510,132519,132520,132529],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":130743,"depth":125,"text":132502},"What the format() method does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":131024,"depth":125,"text":131025},{"id":131286,"depth":125,"text":131287},{"id":131517,"depth":125,"text":131518},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":131820,"depth":125,"text":132509},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":132511},[132512,132513,132514,132516,132518],{"id":131941,"depth":153,"text":131942},{"id":132058,"depth":153,"text":132059},{"id":132170,"depth":153,"text":132515},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132300,"depth":153,"text":132517},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132309,"depth":153,"text":132310},{"id":2579,"depth":125,"text":2580},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":132521},[132522,132524,132525,132527],{"id":132426,"depth":153,"text":132523},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132434,"depth":153,"text":132435},{"id":132444,"depth":153,"text":132526},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132457,"depth":153,"text":132528},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130603,"description":132530},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132537,"title":132538,"body":132539,"description":134019,"extension":2830,"meta":134020,"navigation":472,"path":134021,"seo":134022,"stem":134023,"__hash__":134024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132540,"toc":133991},[132541,132546,132551,132556,132558,132620,132627,132633,132638,132640,132656,132658,132729,132731,132745,132748,132798,132800,132802,132829,132832,132847,132850,132891,132894,132939,132946,132995,132997,133005,133007,133025,133027,133120,133128,133169,133174,133181,133187,133194,133197,133201,133302,133304,133326,133330,133383,133386,133389,133395,133402,133404,133443,133445,133463,133473,133480,133563,133566,133573,133580,133587,133591,133599,133645,133649,133658,133723,133728,133733,133744,133746,133751,133778,133780,133883,133886,133906,133908,133913,133916,133920,133924,133931,133940,133946,133949,133955,133957,133959,133988],[10,132542,123953,132544,12166],{"id":132543},"python-string-index-method",[15,132545,59784],{},[20,132547,123958,132548,132550],{},[15,132549,59784],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132552,132553,132554,307],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132555,41521],{},[70,132557,73],{"id":72},[75,132559,132561],{"className":77,"code":132560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132562,132563,132575,132597,132607,132611,132615],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132564,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132566,35526],{"class":90},[84,132568,95],{"class":94},[84,132570,4211],{"class":185},[84,132572,61223],{"class":189},[84,132574,4217],{"class":185},[84,132576,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132578,65736],{"class":90},[84,132580,95],{"class":94},[84,132582,43659],{"class":90},[84,132584,307],{"class":98},[84,132586,36683],{"class":146},[84,132588,137],{"class":98},[84,132590,3711],{"class":185},[84,132592,61408],{"class":189},[84,132594,3711],{"class":185},[84,132596,150],{"class":98},[84,132598,132599,132601,132603,132605],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132600,156],{"class":133},[84,132602,137],{"class":98},[84,132604,65763],{"class":146},[84,132606,150],{"class":98},[84,132608,132609],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,132610,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,132612,132613],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,132614,91422],{"class":4517},[84,132616,132617],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,132618,132619],{"class":4517},"# 6\n",[20,132621,224,132622,132624,132625,307],{},[15,132623,59784],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132626,41521],{},[70,132628,235,132630,238],{"id":132629},"what-strindex-does",[15,132631,132632],{},"str.index()",[20,132634,132635,132637],{},[15,132636,132632],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132639,13895],{},[30,132641,132642,132645,132648,132651],{},[33,132643,132644],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,132646,132647],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,132649,132650],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,132652,31135,132653,132655],{},[15,132654,41521],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132657,814],{},[75,132659,132661],{"className":77,"code":132660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132662,132663,132675,132679,132704],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132664,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132666,35526],{"class":90},[84,132668,95],{"class":94},[84,132670,4211],{"class":185},[84,132672,4937],{"class":189},[84,132674,4217],{"class":185},[84,132676,132677],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132678,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,132680,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132682,156],{"class":133},[84,132684,137],{"class":98},[84,132686,35547],{"class":146},[84,132688,307],{"class":98},[84,132690,36683],{"class":146},[84,132692,137],{"class":98},[84,132694,3711],{"class":185},[84,132696,303],{"class":189},[84,132698,3711],{"class":185},[84,132700,6204],{"class":98},[84,132702,132703],{"class":4517},"     # 1\n",[84,132705,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,132707,156],{"class":133},[84,132709,137],{"class":98},[84,132711,35547],{"class":146},[84,132713,307],{"class":98},[84,132715,36683],{"class":146},[84,132717,137],{"class":98},[84,132719,3711],{"class":185},[84,132721,124046],{"class":189},[84,132723,3711],{"class":185},[84,132725,6204],{"class":98},[84,132727,132728],{"class":4517},"    # 2\n",[20,132730,974],{},[30,132732,132733,132739],{},[33,132734,132735,129166,132737],{},[15,132736,18937],{},[15,132738,103],{},[33,132740,132741,129166,132743],{},[15,132742,129165],{},[15,132744,199],{},[20,132746,132747],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[75,132749,132751],{"className":77,"code":132750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132752,132753,132765,132769,132793],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132754,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132756,35526],{"class":90},[84,132758,95],{"class":94},[84,132760,4211],{"class":185},[84,132762,35703],{"class":189},[84,132764,4217],{"class":185},[84,132766,132767],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132768,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,132770,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,132772,156],{"class":133},[84,132774,137],{"class":98},[84,132776,35547],{"class":146},[84,132778,307],{"class":98},[84,132780,36683],{"class":146},[84,132782,137],{"class":98},[84,132784,3711],{"class":185},[84,132786,52007],{"class":189},[84,132788,3711],{"class":185},[84,132790,6204],{"class":98},[84,132792,21610],{"class":4517},[84,132794,132795],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,132796,132797],{"class":4517},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[70,132799,311],{"id":310},[20,132801,3023],{},[75,132803,132805],{"className":77,"code":132804,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132806,132807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132808,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132810,61991],{"class":90},[84,132812,307],{"class":98},[84,132814,36683],{"class":146},[84,132816,137],{"class":98},[84,132818,3329],{"class":146},[84,132820,106],{"class":98},[84,132822,36889],{"class":146},[84,132824,106],{"class":98},[84,132826,65857],{"class":146},[84,132828,150],{"class":98},[20,132830,132831],{},"Parameters:",[30,132833,132834,132838,132842],{},[33,132835,132836,124145],{},[15,132837,3329],{},[33,132839,132840,129212],{},[15,132841,36910],{},[33,132843,132844,132846],{},[15,132845,53477],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132848,132849],{},"You can use just the value:",[75,132851,132853],{"className":77,"code":132852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132854,132855,132867],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132856,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132858,35526],{"class":90},[84,132860,95],{"class":94},[84,132862,4211],{"class":185},[84,132864,79],{"class":189},[84,132866,4217],{"class":185},[84,132868,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132870,156],{"class":133},[84,132872,137],{"class":98},[84,132874,35547],{"class":146},[84,132876,307],{"class":98},[84,132878,36683],{"class":146},[84,132880,137],{"class":98},[84,132882,3711],{"class":185},[84,132884,64104],{"class":189},[84,132886,3711],{"class":185},[84,132888,6204],{"class":98},[84,132890,52231],{"class":4517},[20,132892,132893],{},"Or include a start position:",[75,132895,132897],{"className":77,"code":132896,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132898,132899,132911],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132900,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132902,35526],{"class":90},[84,132904,95],{"class":94},[84,132906,4211],{"class":185},[84,132908,4937],{"class":189},[84,132910,4217],{"class":185},[84,132912,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132914,156],{"class":133},[84,132916,137],{"class":98},[84,132918,35547],{"class":146},[84,132920,307],{"class":98},[84,132922,36683],{"class":146},[84,132924,137],{"class":98},[84,132926,3711],{"class":185},[84,132928,303],{"class":189},[84,132930,3711],{"class":185},[84,132932,106],{"class":98},[84,132934,109],{"class":102},[84,132936,6204],{"class":98},[84,132938,51586],{"class":4517},[20,132940,132941,132942,5241,132944,3743],{},"Or include both ",[15,132943,36910],{},[15,132945,53477],{},[75,132947,132949],{"className":77,"code":132948,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132950,132951,132963],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,132952,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,132954,35526],{"class":90},[84,132956,95],{"class":94},[84,132958,4211],{"class":185},[84,132960,4937],{"class":189},[84,132962,4217],{"class":185},[84,132964,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,132966,156],{"class":133},[84,132968,137],{"class":98},[84,132970,35547],{"class":146},[84,132972,307],{"class":98},[84,132974,36683],{"class":146},[84,132976,137],{"class":98},[84,132978,3711],{"class":185},[84,132980,303],{"class":189},[84,132982,3711],{"class":185},[84,132984,106],{"class":98},[84,132986,109],{"class":102},[84,132988,106],{"class":98},[84,132990,5452],{"class":102},[84,132992,6204],{"class":98},[84,132994,51586],{"class":4517},[70,132996,38846],{"id":38845},[20,132998,29549,132999,133001,133002,307],{},[15,133000,59784],{}," is a ",[53,133003,133004],{},"zero-based index",[20,133006,2970],{},[30,133008,133009,133015,133020],{},[33,133010,133011,133012,133014],{},"Index ",[15,133013,2983],{}," is the first character",[33,133016,133011,133017,133019],{},[15,133018,103],{}," is the second character",[33,133021,133011,133022,133024],{},[15,133023,199],{}," is the third character",[20,133026,814],{},[75,133028,133030],{"className":77,"code":133029,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,133031,133032,133044,133048,133072,133096],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133033,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133035,35526],{"class":90},[84,133037,95],{"class":94},[84,133039,4211],{"class":185},[84,133041,37884],{"class":189},[84,133043,4217],{"class":185},[84,133045,133046],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133047,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,133049,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133051,156],{"class":133},[84,133053,137],{"class":98},[84,133055,35547],{"class":146},[84,133057,307],{"class":98},[84,133059,36683],{"class":146},[84,133061,137],{"class":98},[84,133063,3711],{"class":185},[84,133065,10580],{"class":189},[84,133067,3711],{"class":185},[84,133069,6204],{"class":98},[84,133071,52063],{"class":4517},[84,133073,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,133075,156],{"class":133},[84,133077,137],{"class":98},[84,133079,35547],{"class":146},[84,133081,307],{"class":98},[84,133083,36683],{"class":146},[84,133085,137],{"class":98},[84,133087,3711],{"class":185},[84,133089,303],{"class":189},[84,133091,3711],{"class":185},[84,133093,6204],{"class":98},[84,133095,28620],{"class":4517},[84,133097,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,133099,156],{"class":133},[84,133101,137],{"class":98},[84,133103,35547],{"class":146},[84,133105,307],{"class":98},[84,133107,36683],{"class":146},[84,133109,137],{"class":98},[84,133111,3711],{"class":185},[84,133113,64104],{"class":189},[84,133115,3711],{"class":185},[84,133117,6204],{"class":98},[84,133119,52231],{"class":4517},[20,133121,133122,133124,133125,133127],{},[15,133123,59784],{}," returns only the ",[53,133126,30750],{}," matching position.",[75,133129,133131],{"className":77,"code":133130,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,133132,133133,133145],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133134,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133136,35526],{"class":90},[84,133138,95],{"class":94},[84,133140,4211],{"class":185},[84,133142,4937],{"class":189},[84,133144,4217],{"class":185},[84,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133148,156],{"class":133},[84,133150,137],{"class":98},[84,133152,35547],{"class":146},[84,133154,307],{"class":98},[84,133156,36683],{"class":146},[84,133158,137],{"class":98},[84,133160,3711],{"class":185},[84,133162,303],{"class":189},[84,133164,3711],{"class":185},[84,133166,6204],{"class":98},[84,133168,28620],{"class":4517},[20,133170,21820,133171,133173],{},[15,133172,18937],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133175,133176,133177,307],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[303,133178,133179,11583],{"href":125403},[15,133180,59406],{},[70,133182,595,133183,5241,133185],{"id":66223},[15,133184,36910],{},[15,133186,53477],{},[20,133188,2847,133189,5241,133191,133193],{},[15,133190,36910],{},[15,133192,53477],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133195,133196],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133198,46857,133199,3743],{},[15,133200,36910],{},[75,133202,133204],{"className":77,"code":133203,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133205,133206,133218,133222,133246,133274],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133207,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133209,35526],{"class":90},[84,133211,95],{"class":94},[84,133213,4211],{"class":185},[84,133215,4937],{"class":189},[84,133217,4217],{"class":185},[84,133219,133220],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133221,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,133223,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133225,156],{"class":133},[84,133227,137],{"class":98},[84,133229,35547],{"class":146},[84,133231,307],{"class":98},[84,133233,36683],{"class":146},[84,133235,137],{"class":98},[84,133237,3711],{"class":185},[84,133239,303],{"class":189},[84,133241,3711],{"class":185},[84,133243,6204],{"class":98},[84,133245,51936],{"class":4517},[84,133247,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,133249,156],{"class":133},[84,133251,137],{"class":98},[84,133253,35547],{"class":146},[84,133255,307],{"class":98},[84,133257,36683],{"class":146},[84,133259,137],{"class":98},[84,133261,3711],{"class":185},[84,133263,303],{"class":189},[84,133265,3711],{"class":185},[84,133267,106],{"class":98},[84,133269,109],{"class":102},[84,133271,6204],{"class":98},[84,133273,51785],{"class":4517},[84,133275,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,133277,156],{"class":133},[84,133279,137],{"class":98},[84,133281,35547],{"class":146},[84,133283,307],{"class":98},[84,133285,36683],{"class":146},[84,133287,137],{"class":98},[84,133289,3711],{"class":185},[84,133291,303],{"class":189},[84,133293,3711],{"class":185},[84,133295,106],{"class":98},[84,133297,119],{"class":102},[84,133299,6204],{"class":98},[84,133301,51569],{"class":4517},[20,133303,20799],{},[30,133305,133306,133313,133319],{},[33,133307,133308,133309,66412,133311],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133310,18937],{},[15,133312,103],{},[33,133314,133315,133316,133318],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133317,199],{}," skips that first match",[33,133320,133315,133321,133323,133324],{},[15,133322,217],{}," finds the last ",[15,133325,18937],{},[20,133327,46857,133328,3743],{},[15,133329,53477],{},[75,133331,133333],{"className":77,"code":133332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133334,133335,133347,133351],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133336,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133338,35526],{"class":90},[84,133340,95],{"class":94},[84,133342,4211],{"class":185},[84,133344,4937],{"class":189},[84,133346,4217],{"class":185},[84,133348,133349],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133350,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,133352,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379,133381],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133354,156],{"class":133},[84,133356,137],{"class":98},[84,133358,35547],{"class":146},[84,133360,307],{"class":98},[84,133362,36683],{"class":146},[84,133364,137],{"class":98},[84,133366,3711],{"class":185},[84,133368,1967],{"class":189},[84,133370,3711],{"class":185},[84,133372,106],{"class":98},[84,133374,4685],{"class":102},[84,133376,106],{"class":98},[84,133378,119],{"class":102},[84,133380,6204],{"class":98},[84,133382,52231],{"class":4517},[20,133384,133385],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133387,133388],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[70,133390,45031,133392,133394],{"id":133391},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133393,59784],{}," causes an error",[20,133396,133397,133398,53311,133400,307],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133399,59784],{},[15,133401,41521],{},[20,133403,814],{},[75,133405,133407],{"className":77,"code":133406,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133408,133409,133421],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133410,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133412,35526],{"class":90},[84,133414,95],{"class":94},[84,133416,4211],{"class":185},[84,133418,4697],{"class":189},[84,133420,4217],{"class":185},[84,133422,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133424,156],{"class":133},[84,133426,137],{"class":98},[84,133428,35547],{"class":146},[84,133430,307],{"class":98},[84,133432,36683],{"class":146},[84,133434,137],{"class":98},[84,133436,3711],{"class":185},[84,133438,22920],{"class":189},[84,133440,3711],{"class":185},[84,133442,169],{"class":98},[20,133444,172],{},[75,133446,133448],{"className":77,"code":133447,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133449,133450],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133451,133452,133454,133456,133459,133461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133453,41521],{"class":140},[84,133455,3743],{"class":98},[84,133457,133458],{"class":90}," substring ",[84,133460,55],{"class":94},[84,133462,66645],{"class":90},[20,133464,54158,133465,126919,133470,133472],{},[303,133466,133467],{"href":130597},[15,133468,133469],{},"str.find()",[15,133471,66670],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133474,133475,133476,5241,133478,3743],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133477,30645],{},[15,133479,30676],{},[75,133481,133483],{"className":77,"code":133482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133484,133485,133497,133501,133507,133530,133540,133548],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133486,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133488,35526],{"class":90},[84,133490,95],{"class":94},[84,133492,4211],{"class":185},[84,133494,4697],{"class":189},[84,133496,4217],{"class":185},[84,133498,133499],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133500,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,133502,133503,133505],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133504,30645],{"class":633},[84,133506,1440],{"class":98},[84,133508,133509,133512,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,133510,133511],{"class":90},"    position ",[84,133513,95],{"class":94},[84,133515,43659],{"class":90},[84,133517,307],{"class":98},[84,133519,36683],{"class":146},[84,133521,137],{"class":98},[84,133523,3711],{"class":185},[84,133525,22920],{"class":189},[84,133527,3711],{"class":185},[84,133529,150],{"class":98},[84,133531,133532,133534,133536,133538],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,133533,1445],{"class":133},[84,133535,137],{"class":98},[84,133537,65763],{"class":146},[84,133539,150],{"class":98},[84,133541,133542,133544,133546],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,133543,30676],{"class":633},[84,133545,42744],{"class":140},[84,133547,1440],{"class":98},[84,133549,133550,133552,133554,133556,133559,133561],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,133551,1445],{"class":133},[84,133553,137],{"class":98},[84,133555,3711],{"class":185},[84,133557,133558],{"class":189},"Substring not found",[84,133560,3711],{"class":185},[84,133562,150],{"class":98},[20,133564,133565],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133567,42764,133568,307],{},[303,133569,26519,133571],{"href":133570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133572,129924],{},[70,133574,133576,11427,133578],{"id":133575},"index-vs-find",[15,133577,59784],{},[15,133579,124948],{},[20,133581,133582,5241,133584,133586],{},[15,133583,59784],{},[15,133585,124948],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[995,133588,133589],{"id":36683},[15,133590,59784],{},[30,133592,133593,133596],{},[33,133594,133595],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,133597,133598],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[75,133600,133602],{"className":77,"code":133601,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133603,133604,133616,133640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133605,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133607,35526],{"class":90},[84,133609,95],{"class":94},[84,133611,4211],{"class":185},[84,133613,4697],{"class":189},[84,133615,4217],{"class":185},[84,133617,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133619,156],{"class":133},[84,133621,137],{"class":98},[84,133623,35547],{"class":146},[84,133625,307],{"class":98},[84,133627,36683],{"class":146},[84,133629,137],{"class":98},[84,133631,3711],{"class":185},[84,133633,61264],{"class":189},[84,133635,3711],{"class":185},[84,133637,6204],{"class":98},[84,133639,28620],{"class":4517},[84,133641,133642],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133643,133644],{"class":4517},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[995,133646,133647],{"id":128978},[15,133648,124948],{},[30,133650,133651,133653],{},[33,133652,133595],{},[33,133654,12268,133655,133657],{},[15,133656,66670],{}," if nothing is found",[75,133659,133661],{"className":77,"code":133660,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133662,133663,133675,133699],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133664,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133666,35526],{"class":90},[84,133668,95],{"class":94},[84,133670,4211],{"class":185},[84,133672,4697],{"class":189},[84,133674,4217],{"class":185},[84,133676,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133678,156],{"class":133},[84,133680,137],{"class":98},[84,133682,35547],{"class":146},[84,133684,307],{"class":98},[84,133686,128978],{"class":146},[84,133688,137],{"class":98},[84,133690,3711],{"class":185},[84,133692,61264],{"class":189},[84,133694,3711],{"class":185},[84,133696,6204],{"class":98},[84,133698,28620],{"class":4517},[84,133700,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133702,156],{"class":133},[84,133704,137],{"class":98},[84,133706,35547],{"class":146},[84,133708,307],{"class":98},[84,133710,128978],{"class":146},[84,133712,137],{"class":98},[84,133714,3711],{"class":185},[84,133716,22920],{"class":189},[84,133718,3711],{"class":185},[84,133720,6204],{"class":98},[84,133722,129334],{"class":4517},[20,133724,224,133725,133727],{},[15,133726,59784],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133729,224,133730,133732],{},[15,133731,124948],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133734,133735,133736,3736,133741,307],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[303,133737,133738,133740],{"href":130597},[15,133739,133469],{}," method reference",[303,133742,127989],{"href":133743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[70,133745,3686],{"id":3685},[20,133747,133748,133749,3743],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133750,59784],{},[30,133752,133753,133756,133763,133768,133773],{},[33,133754,133755],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,133757,9291,133758,9294,133760,133762],{},[15,133759,59784],{},[15,133761,66670],{}," when no match exists",[33,133764,595,133765,133767],{},[15,133766,59784],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,133769,133770,133771],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133772,103],{},[33,133774,5426,133775,133777],{},[15,133776,59784],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133779,63112],{},[75,133781,133783],{"className":77,"code":133782,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133784,133785,133795,133809,133831,133853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,133786,133787,133789,133791,133793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,133788,156],{"class":133},[84,133790,137],{"class":98},[84,133792,35547],{"class":146},[84,133794,150],{"class":98},[84,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,133798,156],{"class":133},[84,133800,137],{"class":98},[84,133802,42597],{"class":133},[84,133804,137],{"class":98},[84,133806,35547],{"class":146},[84,133808,169],{"class":98},[84,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,133812,156],{"class":133},[84,133814,137],{"class":98},[84,133816,35547],{"class":146},[84,133818,307],{"class":98},[84,133820,36683],{"class":146},[84,133822,137],{"class":98},[84,133824,3711],{"class":185},[84,133826,3329],{"class":189},[84,133828,3711],{"class":185},[84,133830,169],{"class":98},[84,133832,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,133834,156],{"class":133},[84,133836,137],{"class":98},[84,133838,35547],{"class":146},[84,133840,307],{"class":98},[84,133842,128978],{"class":146},[84,133844,137],{"class":98},[84,133846,3711],{"class":185},[84,133848,3329],{"class":189},[84,133850,3711],{"class":185},[84,133852,169],{"class":98},[84,133854,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,133856,156],{"class":133},[84,133858,137],{"class":98},[84,133860,35547],{"class":146},[84,133862,307],{"class":98},[84,133864,36683],{"class":146},[84,133866,137],{"class":98},[84,133868,3711],{"class":185},[84,133870,3329],{"class":189},[84,133872,3711],{"class":185},[84,133874,106],{"class":98},[84,133876,36889],{"class":146},[84,133878,106],{"class":98},[84,133880,65857],{"class":146},[84,133882,169],{"class":98},[20,133884,133885],{},"Tips:",[30,133887,133888,133893,133898,133901],{},[33,133889,224,133890,133892],{},[15,133891,126875],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133894,224,133895,133897],{},[15,133896,124948],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133899,133900],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133902,133903,133904],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133905,2983],{},[70,133907,2694],{"id":2693},[995,133909,130457,133911,13558],{"id":133910},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133912,59784],{},[20,133914,133915],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[995,133917,133919],{"id":133918},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133921,77671,133922,307],{},[15,133923,41521],{},[995,133925,6024,133927,5241,133929,3348],{"id":133926},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133928,59784],{},[15,133930,124948],{},[20,133932,133933,133935,133936,3254,133938,7470],{},[15,133934,59784],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133937,124948],{},[15,133939,66670],{},[995,133941,2734,133943,133945],{"id":133942},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133944,59784],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133947,133948],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[995,133950,133952,133953,125289],{"id":133951},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133954,59784],{},[20,133956,130482],{},[70,133958,2751],{"id":2750},[30,133960,133961,133967,133971,133976,133982],{},[33,133962,133963],{},[303,133964,133965,11583],{"href":130597},[15,133966,133469],{},[33,133968,133969],{},[303,133970,125352],{"href":133743},[33,133972,133973],{},[303,133974,130558],{"href":133975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133977,133978],{},[303,133979,133980,11583],{"href":125403},[15,133981,59406],{},[33,133983,133984],{},[303,133985,31189,133986],{"href":133570},[15,133987,129924],{},[2785,133989,133990],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":133992},[133993,133994,133996,133997,133998,133999,134001,134006,134007,134018],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":132629,"depth":125,"text":133995},"What str.index() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846},{"id":66223,"depth":125,"text":67005},{"id":133391,"depth":125,"text":134000},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133575,"depth":125,"text":134002,"children":134003},"index() vs find()",[134004,134005],{"id":36683,"depth":153,"text":59784},{"id":128978,"depth":153,"text":124948},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":134008},[134009,134011,134012,134014,134016],{"id":133910,"depth":153,"text":134010},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133918,"depth":153,"text":133919},{"id":133926,"depth":153,"text":134013},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133942,"depth":153,"text":134015},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133951,"depth":153,"text":134017},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132538,"description":134019},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":134026,"title":134027,"body":134028,"description":136803,"extension":2830,"meta":136804,"navigation":472,"path":136805,"seo":136806,"stem":136807,"__hash__":136808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":134029,"toc":136739},[134030,134036,134041,134044,134047,134058,134060,134129,134131,134145,134150,134155,134160,134162,134205,134207,134290,134292,134338,134344,134346,134348,134368,134370,134393,134395,134469,134471,134490,134495,134497,134501,134573,134575,134589,134593,134669,134671,134690,134694,134788,134790,134799,134806,134882,134884,134902,134906,134909,134916,134965,134967,134976,134983,135042,135044,135062,135065,135072,135131,135133,135151,135158,135215,135217,135226,135230,135235,135239,135298,135300,135318,135322,135369,135374,135377,135446,135448,135465,135472,135478,135533,135538,135541,135618,135620,135638,135644,135650,135710,135712,135731,135737,135740,135747,135800,135805,135807,135868,135877,135884,135886,135943,135948,135950,136021,136025,136080,136082,136091,136096,136102,136171,136173,136205,136211,136219,136226,136232,136297,136299,136308,136314,136395,136397,136406,136411,136425,136432,136436,136441,136469,136471,136604,136607,136644,136646,136652,136661,136666,136669,136674,136679,136685,136688,136697,136700,136702,136731,136736],[10,134031,123953,134033,12166],{"id":134032},"python-string-join-method",[15,134034,134035],{},"join()",[20,134037,123958,134038,134040],{},[15,134039,134035],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134042,134043],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,134045,134046],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,134048,134049,134055],{},[33,134050,134051,134052,134054],{},"You call ",[15,134053,134035],{}," on the separator string",[33,134056,134057],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[70,134059,4464],{"id":4463},[75,134061,134063],{"className":77,"code":134062,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,134064,134065,134098,134119],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134066,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134094,134096],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134068,4919],{"class":90},[84,134070,95],{"class":94},[84,134072,99],{"class":98},[84,134074,3711],{"class":185},[84,134076,8136],{"class":189},[84,134078,3711],{"class":185},[84,134080,106],{"class":98},[84,134082,4211],{"class":185},[84,134084,13037],{"class":189},[84,134086,3711],{"class":185},[84,134088,106],{"class":98},[84,134090,4211],{"class":185},[84,134092,134093],{"class":189},"fun",[84,134095,3711],{"class":185},[84,134097,122],{"class":98},[84,134099,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134113,134115,134117],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134101,128],{"class":90},[84,134103,95],{"class":94},[84,134105,4211],{"class":185},[84,134107,4211],{"class":185},[84,134109,307],{"class":98},[84,134111,134112],{"class":146},"join",[84,134114,137],{"class":98},[84,134116,4963],{"class":146},[84,134118,150],{"class":98},[84,134120,134121,134123,134125,134127],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134122,156],{"class":133},[84,134124,137],{"class":98},[84,134126,166],{"class":146},[84,134128,150],{"class":98},[20,134130,172],{},[75,134132,134134],{"className":77,"code":134133,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python is fun\n",[15,134135,134136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134137,134138,134140,134142],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134139,13],{"class":90},[84,134141,13037],{"class":94},[84,134143,134144],{"class":90}," fun\n",[20,134146,224,134147,134149],{},[15,134148,134035],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[70,134151,235,134153,238],{"id":134152},"what-join-does",[15,134154,134035],{},[20,134156,134157,134159],{},[15,134158,134035],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134161,12303],{},[30,134163,134164,134171,134199,134202],{},[33,134165,134166,134167,134170],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,134168,134169],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,134172,134173,134174],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,134175,134176,134182,134188,134194],{},[33,134177,134178,134181],{},[15,134179,134180],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,134183,134184,134187],{},[15,134185,134186],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,134189,134190,134193],{},[15,134191,134192],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,134195,134196,134198],{},[15,134197,7114],{}," for no separator",[33,134200,134201],{},"It returns a new string",[33,134203,134204],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134206,814],{},[75,134208,134210],{"className":77,"code":134209,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134211,134212,134244,134266,134270,134280],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134213,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134215,4919],{"class":90},[84,134217,95],{"class":94},[84,134219,99],{"class":98},[84,134221,3711],{"class":185},[84,134223,13936],{"class":189},[84,134225,3711],{"class":185},[84,134227,106],{"class":98},[84,134229,4211],{"class":185},[84,134231,18296],{"class":189},[84,134233,3711],{"class":185},[84,134235,106],{"class":98},[84,134237,4211],{"class":185},[84,134239,13953],{"class":189},[84,134241,3711],{"class":185},[84,134243,122],{"class":98},[84,134245,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134247,128],{"class":90},[84,134249,95],{"class":94},[84,134251,4211],{"class":185},[84,134253,362],{"class":189},[84,134255,3711],{"class":185},[84,134257,307],{"class":98},[84,134259,134112],{"class":146},[84,134261,137],{"class":98},[84,134263,4963],{"class":146},[84,134265,150],{"class":98},[84,134267,134268],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134269,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134271,134272,134274,134276,134278],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134273,156],{"class":133},[84,134275,137],{"class":98},[84,134277,166],{"class":146},[84,134279,150],{"class":98},[84,134281,134282,134284,134286,134288],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,134283,156],{"class":133},[84,134285,137],{"class":98},[84,134287,4963],{"class":146},[84,134289,150],{"class":98},[20,134291,172],{},[75,134293,134295],{"className":77,"code":134294,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134296,134297,134310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134298,134299,134301,134303,134306,134308],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134300,13936],{"class":90},[84,134302,106],{"class":98},[84,134304,134305],{"class":90}," green",[84,134307,106],{"class":98},[84,134309,36718],{"class":90},[84,134311,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134313,182],{"class":98},[84,134315,186],{"class":185},[84,134317,13936],{"class":189},[84,134319,186],{"class":185},[84,134321,106],{"class":98},[84,134323,196],{"class":185},[84,134325,18296],{"class":189},[84,134327,186],{"class":185},[84,134329,106],{"class":98},[84,134331,196],{"class":185},[84,134333,13953],{"class":189},[84,134335,186],{"class":185},[84,134337,122],{"class":98},[20,134339,134340,134341,134343],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134342,134035],{}," creates a new string.",[70,134345,311],{"id":310},[20,134347,8057],{},[75,134349,134351],{"className":77,"code":134350,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134352,134353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134354,134355,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134356,134357],{"class":90},"separator",[84,134359,307],{"class":98},[84,134361,134112],{"class":146},[84,134363,137],{"class":98},[84,134365,249],{"class":146},[84,134367,150],{"class":98},[995,134369,49825],{"id":49824},[30,134371,134372,134385,134390],{},[33,134373,134374,134376,134377,362,134379,362,134381,366,134383],{},[15,134375,134357],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134378,134180],{},[15,134380,134186],{},[15,134382,134192],{},[15,134384,7114],{},[33,134386,134387,134389],{},[15,134388,249],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,134391,134392],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134394,814],{},[75,134396,134398],{"className":77,"code":134397,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134399,134400,134432,134455,134459],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134401,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134403,5842],{"class":90},[84,134405,95],{"class":94},[84,134407,99],{"class":98},[84,134409,3711],{"class":185},[84,134411,13723],{"class":189},[84,134413,3711],{"class":185},[84,134415,106],{"class":98},[84,134417,4211],{"class":185},[84,134419,36778],{"class":189},[84,134421,3711],{"class":185},[84,134423,106],{"class":98},[84,134425,4211],{"class":185},[84,134427,36787],{"class":189},[84,134429,3711],{"class":185},[84,134431,122],{"class":98},[84,134433,134434,134436,134438,134440,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134435,128],{"class":90},[84,134437,95],{"class":94},[84,134439,4211],{"class":185},[84,134441,134442],{"class":189}," | ",[84,134444,3711],{"class":185},[84,134446,307],{"class":98},[84,134448,134112],{"class":146},[84,134450,137],{"class":98},[84,134452,5886],{"class":146},[84,134454,150],{"class":98},[84,134456,134457],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134458,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134460,134461,134463,134465,134467],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134462,156],{"class":133},[84,134464,137],{"class":98},[84,134466,166],{"class":146},[84,134468,150],{"class":98},[20,134470,172],{},[75,134472,134474],{"className":77,"code":134473,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134475,134476],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134477,134478,134481,134483,134486,134488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134479,134480],{"class":90},"Ana ",[84,134482,114460],{"class":94},[84,134484,134485],{"class":90}," Ben ",[84,134487,114460],{"class":94},[84,134489,36859],{"class":90},[20,134491,134492,134493,307],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[303,134494,125708],{"href":51791},[70,134496,122484],{"id":122483},[995,134498,134500],{"id":134499},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[75,134502,134504],{"className":77,"code":134503,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134505,134506,134539,134559,134563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134507,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134535,134537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134509,4919],{"class":90},[84,134511,95],{"class":94},[84,134513,99],{"class":98},[84,134515,3711],{"class":185},[84,134517,8136],{"class":189},[84,134519,3711],{"class":185},[84,134521,106],{"class":98},[84,134523,4211],{"class":185},[84,134525,13037],{"class":189},[84,134527,3711],{"class":185},[84,134529,106],{"class":98},[84,134531,4211],{"class":185},[84,134533,134534],{"class":189},"easy",[84,134536,3711],{"class":185},[84,134538,122],{"class":98},[84,134540,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134542,128],{"class":90},[84,134544,95],{"class":94},[84,134546,4211],{"class":185},[84,134548,4211],{"class":185},[84,134550,307],{"class":98},[84,134552,134112],{"class":146},[84,134554,137],{"class":98},[84,134556,4963],{"class":146},[84,134558,150],{"class":98},[84,134560,134561],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134562,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134564,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134566,156],{"class":133},[84,134568,137],{"class":98},[84,134570,166],{"class":146},[84,134572,150],{"class":98},[20,134574,172],{},[75,134576,134578],{"className":77,"code":134577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python is easy\n",[15,134579,134580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134581,134582,134584,134586],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134583,13],{"class":90},[84,134585,13037],{"class":94},[84,134587,134588],{"class":90}," easy\n",[995,134590,134592],{"id":134591},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[75,134594,134596],{"className":77,"code":134595,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134597,134598,134633,134655,134659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134599,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134611,134613,134615,134617,134620,134622,134624,134626,134629,134631],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134601,8620],{"class":90},[84,134603,95],{"class":94},[84,134605,99],{"class":98},[84,134607,3711],{"class":185},[84,134609,134610],{"class":189},"apples",[84,134612,3711],{"class":185},[84,134614,106],{"class":98},[84,134616,4211],{"class":185},[84,134618,134619],{"class":189},"bananas",[84,134621,3711],{"class":185},[84,134623,106],{"class":98},[84,134625,4211],{"class":185},[84,134627,134628],{"class":189},"oranges",[84,134630,3711],{"class":185},[84,134632,122],{"class":98},[84,134634,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134636,128],{"class":90},[84,134638,95],{"class":94},[84,134640,4211],{"class":185},[84,134642,362],{"class":189},[84,134644,3711],{"class":185},[84,134646,307],{"class":98},[84,134648,134112],{"class":146},[84,134650,137],{"class":98},[84,134652,8649],{"class":146},[84,134654,150],{"class":98},[84,134656,134657],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134658,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134660,134661,134663,134665,134667],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134662,156],{"class":133},[84,134664,137],{"class":98},[84,134666,166],{"class":146},[84,134668,150],{"class":98},[20,134670,172],{},[75,134672,134674],{"className":77,"code":134673,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134675,134676],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134677,134678,134680,134682,134685,134687],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134679,134610],{"class":90},[84,134681,106],{"class":98},[84,134683,134684],{"class":90}," bananas",[84,134686,106],{"class":98},[84,134688,134689],{"class":90}," oranges\n",[995,134691,134693],{"id":134692},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[75,134695,134697],{"className":77,"code":134696,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134698,134699,134756,134774,134778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134702,36928],{"class":90},[84,134704,95],{"class":94},[84,134706,99],{"class":98},[84,134708,3711],{"class":185},[84,134710,134711],{"class":189},"P",[84,134713,3711],{"class":185},[84,134715,106],{"class":98},[84,134717,4211],{"class":185},[84,134719,12588],{"class":189},[84,134721,3711],{"class":185},[84,134723,106],{"class":98},[84,134725,4211],{"class":185},[84,134727,64104],{"class":189},[84,134729,3711],{"class":185},[84,134731,106],{"class":98},[84,134733,4211],{"class":185},[84,134735,61255],{"class":189},[84,134737,3711],{"class":185},[84,134739,106],{"class":98},[84,134741,4211],{"class":185},[84,134743,61290],{"class":189},[84,134745,3711],{"class":185},[84,134747,106],{"class":98},[84,134749,4211],{"class":185},[84,134751,1967],{"class":189},[84,134753,3711],{"class":185},[84,134755,122],{"class":98},[84,134757,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134759,128],{"class":90},[84,134761,95],{"class":94},[84,134763,6968],{"class":185},[84,134765,307],{"class":98},[84,134767,134112],{"class":146},[84,134769,137],{"class":98},[84,134771,36981],{"class":146},[84,134773,150],{"class":98},[84,134775,134776],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134777,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134779,134780,134782,134784,134786],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134781,156],{"class":133},[84,134783,137],{"class":98},[84,134785,166],{"class":146},[84,134787,150],{"class":98},[20,134789,172],{},[75,134791,134793],{"className":77,"code":134792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python\n",[15,134794,134795],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134796,134797],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134798,134792],{"class":90},[995,134800,134802,134803,134805],{"id":134801},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134804,134035],{}," returns the result",[75,134807,134809],{"className":77,"code":134808,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134810,134811,134844,134867,134871],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134812,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134840,134842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134814,4919],{"class":90},[84,134816,95],{"class":94},[84,134818,99],{"class":98},[84,134820,3711],{"class":185},[84,134822,7424],{"class":189},[84,134824,3711],{"class":185},[84,134826,106],{"class":98},[84,134828,4211],{"class":185},[84,134830,80084],{"class":189},[84,134832,3711],{"class":185},[84,134834,106],{"class":98},[84,134836,4211],{"class":185},[84,134838,134839],{"class":189},"three",[84,134841,3711],{"class":185},[84,134843,122],{"class":98},[84,134845,134846,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134847,134848],{"class":90},"joined_text ",[84,134850,95],{"class":94},[84,134852,4211],{"class":185},[84,134854,2888],{"class":189},[84,134856,3711],{"class":185},[84,134858,307],{"class":98},[84,134860,134112],{"class":146},[84,134862,137],{"class":98},[84,134864,4963],{"class":146},[84,134866,150],{"class":98},[84,134868,134869],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,134870,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,134872,134873,134875,134877,134880],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,134874,156],{"class":133},[84,134876,137],{"class":98},[84,134878,134879],{"class":146},"joined_text",[84,134881,150],{"class":98},[20,134883,172],{},[75,134885,134887],{"className":77,"code":134886,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"one-two-three\n",[15,134888,134889],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134890,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134892,7424],{"class":90},[84,134894,2888],{"class":94},[84,134896,80084],{"class":90},[84,134898,2888],{"class":94},[84,134900,134901],{"class":90},"three\n",[70,134903,134905],{"id":134904},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134907,134908],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[995,134910,134912,134915],{"id":134911},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134913,134914],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[75,134917,134919],{"className":77,"code":134918,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134920,134921,134945],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134922,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134924,4919],{"class":90},[84,134926,95],{"class":94},[84,134928,99],{"class":98},[84,134930,3711],{"class":185},[84,134932,4697],{"class":189},[84,134934,3711],{"class":185},[84,134936,106],{"class":98},[84,134938,4211],{"class":185},[84,134940,61408],{"class":189},[84,134942,3711],{"class":185},[84,134944,122],{"class":98},[84,134946,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,134948,156],{"class":133},[84,134950,137],{"class":98},[84,134952,3711],{"class":185},[84,134954,4211],{"class":185},[84,134956,307],{"class":98},[84,134958,134112],{"class":146},[84,134960,137],{"class":98},[84,134962,4963],{"class":146},[84,134964,169],{"class":98},[20,134966,172],{},[75,134968,134970],{"className":77,"code":134969,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\n",[15,134971,134972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134973,134974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134975,134969],{"class":90},[995,134977,134979,134982],{"id":134978},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134980,134981],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[75,134984,134986],{"className":77,"code":134985,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134987,134988,135020],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,134989,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,134991,13919],{"class":90},[84,134993,95],{"class":94},[84,134995,99],{"class":98},[84,134997,3711],{"class":185},[84,134999,13936],{"class":189},[84,135001,3711],{"class":185},[84,135003,106],{"class":98},[84,135005,4211],{"class":185},[84,135007,13953],{"class":189},[84,135009,3711],{"class":185},[84,135011,106],{"class":98},[84,135013,4211],{"class":185},[84,135015,18296],{"class":189},[84,135017,3711],{"class":185},[84,135019,122],{"class":98},[84,135021,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135023,156],{"class":133},[84,135025,137],{"class":98},[84,135027,3711],{"class":185},[84,135029,362],{"class":189},[84,135031,3711],{"class":185},[84,135033,307],{"class":98},[84,135035,134112],{"class":146},[84,135037,137],{"class":98},[84,135039,18343],{"class":146},[84,135041,169],{"class":98},[20,135043,172],{},[75,135045,135047],{"className":77,"code":135046,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red, blue, green\n",[15,135048,135049],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135050,135051,135053,135055,135058,135060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135052,13936],{"class":90},[84,135054,106],{"class":98},[84,135056,135057],{"class":90}," blue",[84,135059,106],{"class":98},[84,135061,36711],{"class":90},[20,135063,135064],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[995,135066,135068,135071],{"id":135067},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,135069,135070],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[75,135073,135075],{"className":77,"code":135074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,135076,135077,135109],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135078,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135080,43654],{"class":90},[84,135082,95],{"class":94},[84,135084,99],{"class":98},[84,135086,3711],{"class":185},[84,135088,79],{"class":189},[84,135090,3711],{"class":185},[84,135092,106],{"class":98},[84,135094,4211],{"class":185},[84,135096,61991],{"class":189},[84,135098,3711],{"class":185},[84,135100,106],{"class":98},[84,135102,4211],{"class":185},[84,135104,134112],{"class":189},[84,135106,3711],{"class":185},[84,135108,122],{"class":98},[84,135110,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135112,156],{"class":133},[84,135114,137],{"class":98},[84,135116,3711],{"class":185},[84,135118,2888],{"class":189},[84,135120,3711],{"class":185},[84,135122,307],{"class":98},[84,135124,134112],{"class":146},[84,135126,137],{"class":98},[84,135128,43686],{"class":146},[84,135130,169],{"class":98},[20,135132,172],{},[75,135134,135136],{"className":77,"code":135135,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"python-string-join\n",[15,135137,135138],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135139,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135141,79],{"class":90},[84,135143,2888],{"class":94},[84,135145,61991],{"class":90},[84,135147,2888],{"class":94},[84,135149,135150],{"class":90},"join\n",[995,135152,135154,135157],{"id":135153},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,135155,135156],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[75,135159,135161],{"className":77,"code":135160,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,135162,135163,135196],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135164,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135192,135194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135166,113532],{"class":90},[84,135168,95],{"class":94},[84,135170,99],{"class":98},[84,135172,3711],{"class":185},[84,135174,23088],{"class":189},[84,135176,3711],{"class":185},[84,135178,106],{"class":98},[84,135180,4211],{"class":185},[84,135182,31442],{"class":189},[84,135184,3711],{"class":185},[84,135186,106],{"class":98},[84,135188,4211],{"class":185},[84,135190,135191],{"class":189},"C",[84,135193,3711],{"class":185},[84,135195,122],{"class":98},[84,135197,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135213],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135199,156],{"class":133},[84,135201,137],{"class":98},[84,135203,7114],{"class":185},[84,135205,307],{"class":98},[84,135207,134112],{"class":146},[84,135209,137],{"class":98},[84,135211,135212],{"class":146},"chars",[84,135214,169],{"class":98},[20,135216,172],{},[75,135218,135220],{"className":77,"code":135219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ABC\n",[15,135221,135222],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135223,135224],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135225,135219],{"class":1266},[70,135227,135229],{"id":135228},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135231,135232,135234],{},[15,135233,134035],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[995,135236,135238],{"id":135237},"this-works","This works",[75,135240,135242],{"className":77,"code":135241,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135243,135244,135276],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135245,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135247,1777],{"class":90},[84,135249,95],{"class":94},[84,135251,99],{"class":98},[84,135253,3711],{"class":185},[84,135255,437],{"class":189},[84,135257,3711],{"class":185},[84,135259,106],{"class":98},[84,135261,4211],{"class":185},[84,135263,512],{"class":189},[84,135265,3711],{"class":185},[84,135267,106],{"class":98},[84,135269,4211],{"class":185},[84,135271,521],{"class":189},[84,135273,3711],{"class":185},[84,135275,122],{"class":98},[84,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135279,156],{"class":133},[84,135281,137],{"class":98},[84,135283,3711],{"class":185},[84,135285,362],{"class":189},[84,135287,3711],{"class":185},[84,135289,307],{"class":98},[84,135291,134112],{"class":146},[84,135293,137],{"class":98},[84,135295,6201],{"class":146},[84,135297,169],{"class":98},[20,135299,172],{},[75,135301,135303],{"className":77,"code":135302,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135304,135305],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135306,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135308,437],{"class":102},[84,135310,106],{"class":98},[84,135312,442],{"class":102},[84,135314,106],{"class":98},[84,135316,135317],{"class":102}," 30\n",[995,135319,135321],{"id":135320},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[75,135323,135325],{"className":77,"code":135324,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135326,135327,135347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135328,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135330,1777],{"class":90},[84,135332,95],{"class":94},[84,135334,99],{"class":98},[84,135336,103],{"class":102},[84,135338,106],{"class":98},[84,135340,109],{"class":102},[84,135342,106],{"class":98},[84,135344,114],{"class":102},[84,135346,122],{"class":98},[84,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135350,156],{"class":133},[84,135352,137],{"class":98},[84,135354,3711],{"class":185},[84,135356,362],{"class":189},[84,135358,3711],{"class":185},[84,135360,307],{"class":98},[84,135362,134112],{"class":146},[84,135364,137],{"class":98},[84,135366,6201],{"class":146},[84,135368,169],{"class":98},[20,135370,90909,135371,135373],{},[15,135372,3864],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135375,135376],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[75,135378,135380],{"className":77,"code":135379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135381,135382,135402,135432,135436],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135383,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135385,1777],{"class":90},[84,135387,95],{"class":94},[84,135389,99],{"class":98},[84,135391,103],{"class":102},[84,135393,106],{"class":98},[84,135395,109],{"class":102},[84,135397,106],{"class":98},[84,135399,114],{"class":102},[84,135401,122],{"class":98},[84,135403,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135405,128],{"class":90},[84,135407,95],{"class":94},[84,135409,4211],{"class":185},[84,135411,362],{"class":189},[84,135413,3711],{"class":185},[84,135415,307],{"class":98},[84,135417,134112],{"class":146},[84,135419,137],{"class":98},[84,135421,277],{"class":133},[84,135423,137],{"class":98},[84,135425,141],{"class":140},[84,135427,106],{"class":98},[84,135429,406],{"class":146},[84,135431,169],{"class":98},[84,135433,135434],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,135435,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,135439,156],{"class":133},[84,135441,137],{"class":98},[84,135443,166],{"class":146},[84,135445,150],{"class":98},[20,135447,172],{},[75,135449,135451],{"className":77,"code":135450,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135452,135453],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135454,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135456,103],{"class":102},[84,135458,106],{"class":98},[84,135460,109],{"class":102},[84,135462,106],{"class":98},[84,135464,3432],{"class":102},[20,135466,135467,135468,307],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[303,135469,13,135470,591],{"href":42992},[15,135471,545],{},[995,135473,135475,135477],{"id":135474},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135476,4630],{}," values do not work directly",[75,135479,135481],{"className":77,"code":135480,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135482,135483,135511],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135484,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135486,1777],{"class":90},[84,135488,95],{"class":94},[84,135490,99],{"class":98},[84,135492,3711],{"class":185},[84,135494,4928],{"class":189},[84,135496,3711],{"class":185},[84,135498,106],{"class":98},[84,135500,4705],{"class":4704},[84,135502,106],{"class":98},[84,135504,4211],{"class":185},[84,135506,4937],{"class":189},[84,135508,3711],{"class":185},[84,135510,122],{"class":98},[84,135512,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135514,156],{"class":133},[84,135516,137],{"class":98},[84,135518,3711],{"class":185},[84,135520,362],{"class":189},[84,135522,3711],{"class":185},[84,135524,307],{"class":98},[84,135526,134112],{"class":146},[84,135528,137],{"class":98},[84,135530,6201],{"class":146},[84,135532,169],{"class":98},[20,135534,135535,135536,307],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135537,3864],{},[20,135539,135540],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[75,135542,135544],{"className":77,"code":135543,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135545,135546,135574,135604,135608],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135547,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135549,1777],{"class":90},[84,135551,95],{"class":94},[84,135553,99],{"class":98},[84,135555,3711],{"class":185},[84,135557,4928],{"class":189},[84,135559,3711],{"class":185},[84,135561,106],{"class":98},[84,135563,4705],{"class":4704},[84,135565,106],{"class":98},[84,135567,4211],{"class":185},[84,135569,4937],{"class":189},[84,135571,3711],{"class":185},[84,135573,122],{"class":98},[84,135575,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135577,128],{"class":90},[84,135579,95],{"class":94},[84,135581,4211],{"class":185},[84,135583,362],{"class":189},[84,135585,3711],{"class":185},[84,135587,307],{"class":98},[84,135589,134112],{"class":146},[84,135591,137],{"class":98},[84,135593,277],{"class":133},[84,135595,137],{"class":98},[84,135597,141],{"class":140},[84,135599,106],{"class":98},[84,135601,406],{"class":146},[84,135603,169],{"class":98},[84,135605,135606],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,135607,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,135609,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,135611,156],{"class":133},[84,135613,137],{"class":98},[84,135615,166],{"class":146},[84,135617,150],{"class":98},[20,135619,172],{},[75,135621,135623],{"className":77,"code":135622,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135624,135625],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135626,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135628,4928],{"class":90},[84,135630,106],{"class":98},[84,135632,4705],{"class":4704},[84,135634,106],{"class":98},[84,135636,135637],{"class":90}," banana\n",[20,135639,135640,135641,135643],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135642,4630],{}," values instead of converting them.",[995,135645,135647,135649],{"id":135646},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135648,134035],{}," also works with tuples",[75,135651,135653],{"className":77,"code":135652,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135654,135655,135687],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135656,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681,135683,135685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135658,5842],{"class":90},[84,135660,95],{"class":94},[84,135662,10076],{"class":98},[84,135664,3711],{"class":185},[84,135666,8517],{"class":189},[84,135668,3711],{"class":185},[84,135670,106],{"class":98},[84,135672,4211],{"class":185},[84,135674,132041],{"class":189},[84,135676,3711],{"class":185},[84,135678,106],{"class":98},[84,135680,4211],{"class":185},[84,135682,8761],{"class":189},[84,135684,3711],{"class":185},[84,135686,150],{"class":98},[84,135688,135689,135691,135693,135695,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135690,156],{"class":133},[84,135692,137],{"class":98},[84,135694,3711],{"class":185},[84,135696,135697],{"class":189}," \u002F ",[84,135699,3711],{"class":185},[84,135701,307],{"class":98},[84,135703,134112],{"class":146},[84,135705,137],{"class":98},[84,135707,5886],{"class":146},[84,135709,169],{"class":98},[20,135711,172],{},[75,135713,135715],{"className":77,"code":135714,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135716,135717],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135718,135719,135722,135724,135727,135729],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135720,135721],{"class":90},"Sam ",[84,135723,127845],{"class":94},[84,135725,135726],{"class":90}," Lee ",[84,135728,127845],{"class":94},[84,135730,23177],{"class":90},[70,135732,135734,135735],{"id":135733},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135736,134035],{},[20,135738,135739],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[995,135741,135743,135744,135746],{"id":135742},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135745,3864],{}," because not all items are strings",[75,135748,135750],{"className":77,"code":135749,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135751,135752,135780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135753,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772,135774,135776,135778],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135755,8620],{"class":90},[84,135757,95],{"class":94},[84,135759,99],{"class":98},[84,135761,3711],{"class":185},[84,135763,303],{"class":189},[84,135765,3711],{"class":185},[84,135767,106],{"class":98},[84,135769,109],{"class":102},[84,135771,106],{"class":98},[84,135773,4211],{"class":185},[84,135775,10580],{"class":189},[84,135777,3711],{"class":185},[84,135779,122],{"class":98},[84,135781,135782,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135783,156],{"class":133},[84,135785,137],{"class":98},[84,135787,3711],{"class":185},[84,135789,4211],{"class":185},[84,135791,307],{"class":98},[84,135793,134112],{"class":146},[84,135795,137],{"class":98},[84,135797,8649],{"class":146},[84,135799,169],{"class":98},[20,135801,49325,135802,135804],{},[15,135803,199],{}," is an integer.",[20,135806,2129],{},[75,135808,135810],{"className":77,"code":135809,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135811,135812,135840],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135815,8620],{"class":90},[84,135817,95],{"class":94},[84,135819,99],{"class":98},[84,135821,3711],{"class":185},[84,135823,303],{"class":189},[84,135825,3711],{"class":185},[84,135827,106],{"class":98},[84,135829,109],{"class":102},[84,135831,106],{"class":98},[84,135833,4211],{"class":185},[84,135835,10580],{"class":189},[84,135837,3711],{"class":185},[84,135839,122],{"class":98},[84,135841,135842,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135843,156],{"class":133},[84,135845,137],{"class":98},[84,135847,3711],{"class":185},[84,135849,4211],{"class":185},[84,135851,307],{"class":98},[84,135853,134112],{"class":146},[84,135855,137],{"class":98},[84,135857,277],{"class":133},[84,135859,137],{"class":98},[84,135861,141],{"class":140},[84,135863,106],{"class":98},[84,135865,6808],{"class":146},[84,135867,3771],{"class":98},[20,135869,135870,135871,307],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[303,135872,26519,135874],{"href":135873},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135875,135876],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[995,135878,135880,135881,135883],{"id":135879},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135882,134035],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135885,5372],{},[75,135887,135889],{"className":77,"code":135888,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135890,135891,135923],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135892,135893,135895,135897,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135894,4919],{"class":90},[84,135896,95],{"class":94},[84,135898,99],{"class":98},[84,135900,3711],{"class":185},[84,135902,8136],{"class":189},[84,135904,3711],{"class":185},[84,135906,106],{"class":98},[84,135908,4211],{"class":185},[84,135910,13037],{"class":189},[84,135912,3711],{"class":185},[84,135914,106],{"class":98},[84,135916,4211],{"class":185},[84,135918,134093],{"class":189},[84,135920,3711],{"class":185},[84,135922,122],{"class":98},[84,135924,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135926,128],{"class":90},[84,135928,95],{"class":94},[84,135930,7010],{"class":90},[84,135932,307],{"class":98},[84,135934,134112],{"class":146},[84,135936,137],{"class":98},[84,135938,3711],{"class":185},[84,135940,4211],{"class":185},[84,135942,150],{"class":98},[20,135944,135945,135947],{},[15,135946,134035],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135949,11650],{},[75,135951,135953],{"className":77,"code":135952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135954,135955,135987,136007,136011],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,135956,135957,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,135958,4919],{"class":90},[84,135960,95],{"class":94},[84,135962,99],{"class":98},[84,135964,3711],{"class":185},[84,135966,8136],{"class":189},[84,135968,3711],{"class":185},[84,135970,106],{"class":98},[84,135972,4211],{"class":185},[84,135974,13037],{"class":189},[84,135976,3711],{"class":185},[84,135978,106],{"class":98},[84,135980,4211],{"class":185},[84,135982,134093],{"class":189},[84,135984,3711],{"class":185},[84,135986,122],{"class":98},[84,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,135990,128],{"class":90},[84,135992,95],{"class":94},[84,135994,4211],{"class":185},[84,135996,4211],{"class":185},[84,135998,307],{"class":98},[84,136000,134112],{"class":146},[84,136002,137],{"class":98},[84,136004,4963],{"class":146},[84,136006,150],{"class":98},[84,136008,136009],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136010,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,136012,136013,136015,136017,136019],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,136014,156],{"class":133},[84,136016,137],{"class":98},[84,136018,166],{"class":146},[84,136020,150],{"class":98},[995,136022,136024],{"id":136023},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[75,136026,136028],{"className":77,"code":136027,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,136029,136030,136062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136031,136032,136034,136036,136038,136040,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136033,4919],{"class":90},[84,136035,95],{"class":94},[84,136037,99],{"class":98},[84,136039,3711],{"class":185},[84,136041,7424],{"class":189},[84,136043,3711],{"class":185},[84,136045,106],{"class":98},[84,136047,4211],{"class":185},[84,136049,80084],{"class":189},[84,136051,3711],{"class":185},[84,136053,106],{"class":98},[84,136055,4211],{"class":185},[84,136057,134839],{"class":189},[84,136059,3711],{"class":185},[84,136061,122],{"class":98},[84,136063,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136065,156],{"class":133},[84,136067,137],{"class":98},[84,136069,7114],{"class":185},[84,136071,307],{"class":98},[84,136073,134112],{"class":146},[84,136075,137],{"class":98},[84,136077,4963],{"class":146},[84,136079,169],{"class":98},[20,136081,172],{},[75,136083,136085],{"className":77,"code":136084,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"onetwothree\n",[15,136086,136087],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136088,136089],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136090,136084],{"class":90},[20,136092,136093,136094,7470],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,136095,134180],{},[995,136097,136099,136100,132303],{"id":136098},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,136101,134035],{},[75,136103,136105],{"className":77,"code":136104,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,136106,136107,136139,136157,136161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136108,136109,136111,136113,136115,136117,136119,136121,136123,136125,136127,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136110,4919],{"class":90},[84,136112,95],{"class":94},[84,136114,99],{"class":98},[84,136116,3711],{"class":185},[84,136118,303],{"class":189},[84,136120,3711],{"class":185},[84,136122,106],{"class":98},[84,136124,4211],{"class":185},[84,136126,5608],{"class":189},[84,136128,3711],{"class":185},[84,136130,106],{"class":98},[84,136132,4211],{"class":185},[84,136134,10580],{"class":189},[84,136136,3711],{"class":185},[84,136138,122],{"class":98},[84,136140,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136142,3711],{"class":44146},[84,136144,2888],{"class":44150},[84,136146,3711],{"class":44146},[84,136148,307],{"class":98},[84,136150,134112],{"class":146},[84,136152,137],{"class":98},[84,136154,4963],{"class":146},[84,136156,150],{"class":98},[84,136158,136159],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136160,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,136162,136163,136165,136167,136169],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,136164,156],{"class":133},[84,136166,137],{"class":98},[84,136168,4963],{"class":146},[84,136170,150],{"class":98},[20,136172,172],{},[75,136174,136175],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,136176,136177],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136178,136179,136181,136183,136185,136187,136189,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136180,182],{"class":98},[84,136182,186],{"class":185},[84,136184,303],{"class":189},[84,136186,186],{"class":185},[84,136188,106],{"class":98},[84,136190,196],{"class":185},[84,136192,5608],{"class":189},[84,136194,186],{"class":185},[84,136196,106],{"class":98},[84,136198,196],{"class":185},[84,136200,10580],{"class":189},[84,136202,186],{"class":185},[84,136204,122],{"class":98},[20,136206,136207,136208,136210],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136209,134035],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[70,136212,136214,136216,136217],{"id":136213},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136215,134035],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136218,847],{},[20,136220,11432,136221,5241,136223,136225],{},[15,136222,134035],{},[15,136224,847],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[995,136227,224,136229,136231],{"id":136228},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136230,847],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[75,136233,136235],{"className":77,"code":136234,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136236,136237,136250,136263,136283,136287],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136238,136239,136242,136244,136246,136248],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136240,136241],{"class":90},"first ",[84,136243,95],{"class":94},[84,136245,4211],{"class":185},[84,136247,35703],{"class":189},[84,136249,4217],{"class":185},[84,136251,136252,136255,136257,136259,136261],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136253,136254],{"class":90},"second ",[84,136256,95],{"class":94},[84,136258,4211],{"class":185},[84,136260,90338],{"class":189},[84,136262,4217],{"class":185},[84,136264,136265,136267,136269,136272,136274,136276,136278,136280],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136266,128],{"class":90},[84,136268,95],{"class":94},[84,136270,136271],{"class":90}," first ",[84,136273,847],{"class":94},[84,136275,4211],{"class":185},[84,136277,4211],{"class":185},[84,136279,3311],{"class":94},[84,136281,136282],{"class":90}," second\n",[84,136284,136285],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,136286,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,136288,136289,136291,136293,136295],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,136290,156],{"class":133},[84,136292,137],{"class":98},[84,136294,166],{"class":146},[84,136296,150],{"class":98},[20,136298,172],{},[75,136300,136302],{"className":77,"code":136301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Hello World\n",[15,136303,136304],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136305,136306],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136307,136301],{"class":90},[995,136309,224,136311,136313],{"id":136310},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136312,134035],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[75,136315,136317],{"className":77,"code":136316,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136318,136319,136361,136381,136385],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136340,136342,136344,136346,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357,136359],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136322,4919],{"class":90},[84,136324,95],{"class":94},[84,136326,99],{"class":98},[84,136328,3711],{"class":185},[84,136330,8136],{"class":189},[84,136332,3711],{"class":185},[84,136334,106],{"class":98},[84,136336,4211],{"class":185},[84,136338,136339],{"class":189},"makes",[84,136341,3711],{"class":185},[84,136343,106],{"class":98},[84,136345,4211],{"class":185},[84,136347,136348],{"class":189},"this",[84,136350,3711],{"class":185},[84,136352,106],{"class":98},[84,136354,4211],{"class":185},[84,136356,134534],{"class":189},[84,136358,3711],{"class":185},[84,136360,122],{"class":98},[84,136362,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136364,128],{"class":90},[84,136366,95],{"class":94},[84,136368,4211],{"class":185},[84,136370,4211],{"class":185},[84,136372,307],{"class":98},[84,136374,134112],{"class":146},[84,136376,137],{"class":98},[84,136378,4963],{"class":146},[84,136380,150],{"class":98},[84,136382,136383],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136384,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,136386,136387,136389,136391,136393],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,136388,156],{"class":133},[84,136390,137],{"class":98},[84,136392,166],{"class":146},[84,136394,150],{"class":98},[20,136396,172],{},[75,136398,136400],{"className":77,"code":136399,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136401,136402],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136403,136404],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136405,136399],{"class":90},[20,136407,136408,136410],{},[15,136409,134035],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,136412,136413,136416,136419],{},[33,136414,136415],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,136417,136418],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,136420,136421,136422,136424],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136423,847],{}," operators",[20,136426,136427,136428,307],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[303,136429,136431],{"href":136430},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[70,136433,136435],{"id":136434},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136437,2583,136438,136440],{},[15,136439,134035],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,136442,136443,136446,136451,136460,136466],{},[33,136444,136445],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,136447,136448,136449],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136450,4630],{},[33,136452,136453,136454,11935,136457],{},"You may have written ",[15,136455,136456],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136458,136459],{},"string.join(...)",[33,136461,136462,136463,136465],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136464,134035],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,136467,136468],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136470,94978],{},[75,136472,136474],{"className":77,"code":136473,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136475,136476,136490,136500,136524,136564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136477,136478,136480,136482,136484,136486,136488],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136479,156],{"class":133},[84,136481,137],{"class":98},[84,136483,2624],{"class":140},[84,136485,137],{"class":98},[84,136487,8649],{"class":146},[84,136489,169],{"class":98},[84,136491,136492,136494,136496,136498],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136493,156],{"class":133},[84,136495,137],{"class":98},[84,136497,8649],{"class":146},[84,136499,150],{"class":98},[84,136501,136502,136504,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136503,156],{"class":133},[84,136505,3845],{"class":98},[84,136507,2624],{"class":140},[84,136509,137],{"class":98},[84,136511,1450],{"class":146},[84,136513,1970],{"class":98},[84,136515,1973],{"class":633},[84,136517,1431],{"class":146},[84,136519,1434],{"class":633},[84,136521,6808],{"class":146},[84,136523,4737],{"class":98},[84,136525,136526,136528,136530,136532,136534,136536,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,136527,156],{"class":133},[84,136529,137],{"class":98},[84,136531,186],{"class":185},[84,136533,196],{"class":185},[84,136535,307],{"class":98},[84,136537,134112],{"class":146},[84,136539,3845],{"class":98},[84,136541,186],{"class":185},[84,136543,303],{"class":189},[84,136545,186],{"class":185},[84,136547,106],{"class":98},[84,136549,196],{"class":185},[84,136551,5608],{"class":189},[84,136553,186],{"class":185},[84,136555,106],{"class":98},[84,136557,196],{"class":185},[84,136559,10580],{"class":189},[84,136561,186],{"class":185},[84,136563,3858],{"class":98},[84,136565,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,136567,156],{"class":133},[84,136569,137],{"class":98},[84,136571,186],{"class":185},[84,136573,362],{"class":189},[84,136575,186],{"class":185},[84,136577,307],{"class":98},[84,136579,134112],{"class":146},[84,136581,137],{"class":98},[84,136583,277],{"class":133},[84,136585,137],{"class":98},[84,136587,141],{"class":140},[84,136589,106],{"class":98},[84,136591,99],{"class":98},[84,136593,103],{"class":102},[84,136595,106],{"class":98},[84,136597,109],{"class":102},[84,136599,106],{"class":98},[84,136601,114],{"class":102},[84,136603,38102],{"class":98},[20,136605,136606],{},"What these checks do:",[30,136608,136609,136617,136623,136629,136638],{},[33,136610,136611,136614,136615,8935],{},[15,136612,136613],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136616,8649],{},[33,136618,136619,136622],{},[15,136620,136621],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,136624,136625,136628],{},[15,136626,136627],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,136630,136631,136634,136635,136637],{},[15,136632,136633],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136636,134035],{}," behavior",[33,136639,136640,136643],{},[15,136641,136642],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[70,136645,2694],{"id":2693},[995,136647,2698,136649,136651],{"id":136648},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136650,134035],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136653,136654,136655,136657,136658,307],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136656,134035],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136659,136660],{},"map(str, values)",[995,136662,2698,136664,57979],{"id":136663},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136665,134035],{},[20,136667,136668],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[995,136670,29169,136672,63452],{"id":136671},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136673,134035],{},[20,136675,42970,136676,136678],{},[15,136677,134035],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[995,136680,5987,136682,40780],{"id":136681},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136683,136684],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136686,136687],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[995,136689,136691,136692,136694,136695,3348],{"id":136690},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136693,3864],{}," when using ",[15,136696,134035],{},[20,136698,136699],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[70,136701,2751],{"id":2750},[30,136703,136704,136709,136715,136721,136727],{},[33,136705,136706],{},[303,136707,136708],{"href":136430},"How to join strings in Python",[33,136710,136711],{},[303,136712,126953,136713,11583],{"href":129640},[15,136714,61348],{},[33,136716,136717],{},[303,136718,13,136719,591],{"href":42992},[15,136720,545],{},[33,136722,136723],{},[303,136724,31189,136725],{"href":135873},[15,136726,135876],{},[33,136728,136729],{},[303,136730,125708],{"href":51791},[20,136732,97948,136733,136735],{},[15,136734,134035],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2785,136737,136738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":136740},[136741,136742,136744,136747,136754,136764,136772,136782,136789,136790,136802],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":134152,"depth":125,"text":136743},"What join() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":136745},[136746],{"id":49824,"depth":153,"text":49825},{"id":122483,"depth":125,"text":122484,"children":136748},[136749,136750,136751,136752],{"id":134499,"depth":153,"text":134500},{"id":134591,"depth":153,"text":134592},{"id":134692,"depth":153,"text":134693},{"id":134801,"depth":153,"text":136753},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134904,"depth":125,"text":134905,"children":136755},[136756,136758,136760,136762],{"id":134911,"depth":153,"text":136757},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134978,"depth":153,"text":136759},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":135067,"depth":153,"text":136761},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135153,"depth":153,"text":136763},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135228,"depth":125,"text":135229,"children":136765},[136766,136767,136768,136770],{"id":135237,"depth":153,"text":135238},{"id":135320,"depth":153,"text":135321},{"id":135474,"depth":153,"text":136769},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135646,"depth":153,"text":136771},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135733,"depth":125,"text":136773,"children":136774},"Common errors with join()",[136775,136777,136779,136780],{"id":135742,"depth":153,"text":136776},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135879,"depth":153,"text":136778},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":136023,"depth":153,"text":136024},{"id":136098,"depth":153,"text":136781},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136213,"depth":125,"text":136783,"children":136784},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136785,136787],{"id":136228,"depth":153,"text":136786},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136310,"depth":153,"text":136788},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136434,"depth":125,"text":136435},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":136791},[136792,136794,136796,136798,136800],{"id":136648,"depth":153,"text":136793},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136663,"depth":153,"text":136795},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136671,"depth":153,"text":136797},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136681,"depth":153,"text":136799},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136690,"depth":153,"text":136801},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":134027,"description":136803},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136810,"title":136811,"body":136812,"description":138380,"extension":2830,"meta":138381,"navigation":472,"path":138382,"seo":138383,"stem":138384,"__hash__":138385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136813,"toc":138347},[136814,136819,136824,136826,136840,136885,136892,136897,136902,136904,136920,136929,136931,136933,136948,136950,136960,136962,137024,137026,137029,137090,137092,137108,137110,137123,137126,137173,137175,137181,137184,137187,137247,137255,137341,137345,137350,137352,137366,137369,137454,137457,137515,137526,137581,137583,137590,137596,137602,137646,137649,137696,137698,137700,137707,137709,137740,137743,137745,137776,137780,137783,137785,137825,137827,137870,137876,137881,137883,137910,137915,137918,137967,137971,137974,138049,138060,138063,138120,138127,138133,138141,138146,138153,138160,138178,138180,138234,138242,138244,138249,138252,138258,138264,138269,138272,138278,138284,138291,138299,138301,138344],[10,136815,123953,136817,12166],{"id":136816},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136818,124683],{},[20,136820,123958,136821,136823],{},[15,136822,124683],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136825,24928],{},[30,136827,136828,136831,136834,136837],{},[33,136829,136830],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,136832,136833],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,136835,136836],{},"clean up user input",[33,136838,136839],{},"make simple text matching easier",[75,136841,136843],{"className":77,"code":136842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136844,136845,136858,136872],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136846,136847,136849,136851,136853,136856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136848,35526],{"class":90},[84,136850,95],{"class":94},[84,136852,4211],{"class":185},[84,136854,136855],{"class":189},"Hello WORLD",[84,136857,4217],{"class":185},[84,136859,136860,136862,136864,136866,136868,136870],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136861,128],{"class":90},[84,136863,95],{"class":94},[84,136865,43659],{"class":90},[84,136867,307],{"class":98},[84,136869,9479],{"class":146},[84,136871,9482],{"class":98},[84,136873,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136875,156],{"class":133},[84,136877,137],{"class":98},[84,136879,166],{"class":146},[84,136881,1970],{"class":98},[84,136883,136884],{"class":4517},"  # hello world\n",[20,136886,136887,89561,136889,136891],{},[53,136888,84419],{},[15,136890,124683],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[70,136893,235,136895,238],{"id":136894},"what-lower-does",[15,136896,124683],{},[20,136898,136899,136901],{},[15,136900,124683],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136903,13895],{},[30,136905,136906,136911,136914,136917],{},[33,136907,136908,136910],{},[15,136909,124683],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136912,136913],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136915,136916],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136918,136919],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136921,125705,136922,136926,136927,307],{},[303,136923,136925],{"href":136924},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[303,136928,51792],{"href":51791},[70,136930,311],{"id":310},[20,136932,3023],{},[75,136934,136936],{"className":77,"code":136935,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.lower()\n",[15,136937,136938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136939,136940,136942,136944,136946],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136941,61991],{"class":90},[84,136943,307],{"class":98},[84,136945,9479],{"class":146},[84,136947,9482],{"class":98},[20,136949,44468],{},[30,136951,136952,136954,136957],{},[33,136953,98126],{},[33,136955,136956],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136958,136959],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136961,814],{},[75,136963,136965],{"className":77,"code":136964,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136966,136967,136990,136994,137007],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136978,136980,136982,136984,136987],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,136970,156],{"class":133},[84,136972,137],{"class":98},[84,136974,3711],{"class":185},[84,136976,136977],{"class":189},"HELLO",[84,136979,3711],{"class":185},[84,136981,307],{"class":98},[84,136983,9479],{"class":146},[84,136985,136986],{"class":98},"())",[84,136988,136989],{"class":4517},"  # hello\n",[84,136991,136992],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,136993,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,136995,136996,136998,137000,137002,137005],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,136997,8716],{"class":90},[84,136999,95],{"class":94},[84,137001,4211],{"class":185},[84,137003,137004],{"class":189},"PyThOn",[84,137006,4217],{"class":185},[84,137008,137009,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137010,156],{"class":133},[84,137012,137],{"class":98},[84,137014,8508],{"class":146},[84,137016,307],{"class":98},[84,137018,9479],{"class":146},[84,137020,136986],{"class":98},[84,137022,137023],{"class":4517},"  # python\n",[70,137025,418],{"id":417},[20,137027,137028],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[75,137030,137032],{"className":77,"code":137031,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,137033,137034,137046,137050,137065,137069,137080],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137035,137036,137038,137040,137042,137044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137037,35526],{"class":90},[84,137039,95],{"class":94},[84,137041,4211],{"class":185},[84,137043,136855],{"class":189},[84,137045,4217],{"class":185},[84,137047,137048],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137049,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137051,137052,137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137053,137054],{"class":90},"lower_text ",[84,137056,95],{"class":94},[84,137058,43659],{"class":90},[84,137060,307],{"class":98},[84,137062,9479],{"class":146},[84,137064,9482],{"class":98},[84,137066,137067],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137068,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137070,137071,137073,137075,137078],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,137072,156],{"class":133},[84,137074,137],{"class":98},[84,137076,137077],{"class":146},"lower_text",[84,137079,150],{"class":98},[84,137081,137082,137084,137086,137088],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,137083,156],{"class":133},[84,137085,137],{"class":98},[84,137087,35547],{"class":146},[84,137089,150],{"class":98},[20,137091,172],{},[75,137093,137095],{"className":77,"code":137094,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,137096,137097,137101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137098,137099],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137100,134969],{"class":90},[84,137102,137103,137105],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137104,132369],{"class":90},[84,137106,137107],{"class":1266},"WORLD\n",[20,137109,25448],{},[30,137111,137112,137117],{},[33,137113,137114,137116],{},[15,137115,124683],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,137118,137119,137120,137122],{},"the original ",[15,137121,35547],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,137124,137125],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[75,137127,137129],{"className":77,"code":137128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,137130,137131,137143,137157,137161],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137132,137133,137135,137137,137139,137141],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137134,35526],{"class":90},[84,137136,95],{"class":94},[84,137138,4211],{"class":185},[84,137140,136855],{"class":189},[84,137142,4217],{"class":185},[84,137144,137145,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137146,35526],{"class":90},[84,137148,95],{"class":94},[84,137150,43659],{"class":90},[84,137152,307],{"class":98},[84,137154,9479],{"class":146},[84,137156,9482],{"class":98},[84,137158,137159],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137160,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137162,137163,137165,137167,137169,137171],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137164,156],{"class":133},[84,137166,137],{"class":98},[84,137168,35547],{"class":146},[84,137170,1970],{"class":98},[84,137172,136884],{"class":4517},[70,137174,18259],{"id":18258},[20,137176,137177,22818,137179,307],{},[15,137178,124683],{},[53,137180,61991],{},[20,137182,137183],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137185,137186],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[75,137188,137190],{"className":77,"code":137189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137191,137192,137206,137210,137233],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137193,137194,137197,137199,137201,137204],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137195,137196],{"class":90},"answer ",[84,137198,95],{"class":94},[84,137200,4211],{"class":185},[84,137202,137203],{"class":189},"YES",[84,137205,4217],{"class":185},[84,137207,137208],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137209,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137211,137212,137214,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137213,7836],{"class":633},[84,137215,137216],{"class":90}," answer",[84,137218,307],{"class":98},[84,137220,9479],{"class":146},[84,137222,8205],{"class":98},[84,137224,7249],{"class":94},[84,137226,4211],{"class":185},[84,137228,9497],{"class":189},[84,137230,3711],{"class":185},[84,137232,1440],{"class":98},[84,137234,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137236,1445],{"class":133},[84,137238,137],{"class":98},[84,137240,3711],{"class":185},[84,137242,97435],{"class":189},[84,137244,3711],{"class":185},[84,137246,150],{"class":98},[20,137248,137249,137250,3743],{},"This is especially useful with ",[303,137251,137252,137253,3161],{"href":9058},"the ",[15,137254,3817],{},[75,137256,137258],{"className":77,"code":137257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137259,137260,137279,137283,137305,137320,137326],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137261,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270,137272,137275,137277],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137263,137196],{"class":90},[84,137265,95],{"class":94},[84,137267,9081],{"class":133},[84,137269,137],{"class":98},[84,137271,3711],{"class":185},[84,137273,137274],{"class":189},"Type yes or no: ",[84,137276,3711],{"class":185},[84,137278,150],{"class":98},[84,137280,137281],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137282,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137284,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137286,7836],{"class":633},[84,137288,137216],{"class":90},[84,137290,307],{"class":98},[84,137292,9479],{"class":146},[84,137294,8205],{"class":98},[84,137296,7249],{"class":94},[84,137298,4211],{"class":185},[84,137300,9497],{"class":189},[84,137302,3711],{"class":185},[84,137304,1440],{"class":98},[84,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137316,137318],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137308,1445],{"class":133},[84,137310,137],{"class":98},[84,137312,3711],{"class":185},[84,137314,137315],{"class":189},"You typed yes",[84,137317,3711],{"class":185},[84,137319,150],{"class":98},[84,137321,137322,137324],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,137323,28274],{"class":633},[84,137325,1440],{"class":98},[84,137327,137328,137330,137332,137334,137337,137339],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,137329,1445],{"class":133},[84,137331,137],{"class":98},[84,137333,3711],{"class":185},[84,137335,137336],{"class":189},"You typed something else",[84,137338,3711],{"class":185},[84,137340,150],{"class":98},[70,137342,137344],{"id":137343},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137346,137347,137349],{},[15,137348,124683],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137351,8182],{},[30,137353,137354,137357,137360,137363],{},[33,137355,137356],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,137358,137359],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,137361,137362],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,137364,137365],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137367,137368],{},"Example: checking user input",[75,137370,137372],{"className":77,"code":137371,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137373,137374,137392,137396,137418,137433,137439],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137375,137376,137378,137380,137382,137384,137386,137388,137390],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137377,45776],{"class":90},[84,137379,95],{"class":94},[84,137381,9081],{"class":133},[84,137383,137],{"class":98},[84,137385,3711],{"class":185},[84,137387,45787],{"class":189},[84,137389,3711],{"class":185},[84,137391,150],{"class":98},[84,137393,137394],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137395,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137397,137398,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137399,7836],{"class":633},[84,137401,36688],{"class":90},[84,137403,307],{"class":98},[84,137405,9479],{"class":146},[84,137407,8205],{"class":98},[84,137409,7249],{"class":94},[84,137411,4211],{"class":185},[84,137413,13953],{"class":189},[84,137415,3711],{"class":185},[84,137417,1440],{"class":98},[84,137419,137420,137422,137424,137426,137429,137431],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137421,1445],{"class":133},[84,137423,137],{"class":98},[84,137425,3711],{"class":185},[84,137427,137428],{"class":189},"Nice choice!",[84,137430,3711],{"class":185},[84,137432,150],{"class":98},[84,137434,137435,137437],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,137436,28274],{"class":633},[84,137438,1440],{"class":98},[84,137440,137441,137443,137445,137447,137450,137452],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,137442,1445],{"class":133},[84,137444,137],{"class":98},[84,137446,3711],{"class":185},[84,137448,137449],{"class":189},"Got it.",[84,137451,3711],{"class":185},[84,137453,150],{"class":98},[20,137455,137456],{},"Example: simple search",[75,137458,137460],{"className":77,"code":137459,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137461,137462,137475,137479,137500],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137463,137464,137466,137468,137470,137473],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137465,90605],{"class":90},[84,137467,95],{"class":94},[84,137469,4211],{"class":185},[84,137471,137472],{"class":189},"Python Is Fun",[84,137474,4217],{"class":185},[84,137476,137477],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137478,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137480,137481,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491,137494,137496,137498],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137482,7836],{"class":633},[84,137484,4211],{"class":185},[84,137486,79],{"class":189},[84,137488,3711],{"class":185},[84,137490,22016],{"class":94},[84,137492,137493],{"class":90}," message",[84,137495,307],{"class":98},[84,137497,9479],{"class":146},[84,137499,22438],{"class":98},[84,137501,137502,137504,137506,137508,137511,137513],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137503,1445],{"class":133},[84,137505,137],{"class":98},[84,137507,3711],{"class":185},[84,137509,137510],{"class":189},"Found it",[84,137512,3711],{"class":185},[84,137514,150],{"class":98},[20,137516,137517,137518,137520,137521,3743],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137519,124683],{}," is often used with ",[303,137522,137524],{"href":137523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137525,42471],{},[75,137527,137529],{"className":77,"code":137528,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137530,137531,137544,137563,137567],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137532,137533,137535,137537,137539,137542],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137534,8716],{"class":90},[84,137536,95],{"class":94},[84,137538,4211],{"class":185},[84,137540,137541],{"class":189},"  ALICE  ",[84,137543,4217],{"class":185},[84,137545,137546,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137547,137548],{"class":90},"clean_name ",[84,137550,95],{"class":94},[84,137552,36829],{"class":90},[84,137554,307],{"class":98},[84,137556,9473],{"class":146},[84,137558,9476],{"class":98},[84,137560,9479],{"class":146},[84,137562,9482],{"class":98},[84,137564,137565],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137566,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137568,137569,137571,137573,137576,137578],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137570,156],{"class":133},[84,137572,137],{"class":98},[84,137574,137575],{"class":146},"clean_name",[84,137577,1970],{"class":98},[84,137579,137580],{"class":4517},"  # alice\n",[70,137582,16440],{"id":16439},[20,137584,137585,137586,137589],{},"Strings are ",[53,137587,137588],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137591,137592,137593,137595],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137594,124683],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137597,137598,137599,137601],{},"So this does ",[53,137600,55],{}," update the original variable:",[75,137603,137605],{"className":77,"code":137604,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137606,137607,137619,137629,137633],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137608,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137610,35526],{"class":90},[84,137612,95],{"class":94},[84,137614,4211],{"class":185},[84,137616,136977],{"class":189},[84,137618,4217],{"class":185},[84,137620,137621,137623,137625,137627],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137622,35547],{"class":90},[84,137624,307],{"class":98},[84,137626,9479],{"class":146},[84,137628,9482],{"class":98},[84,137630,137631],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137632,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137634,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137636,156],{"class":133},[84,137638,137],{"class":98},[84,137640,35547],{"class":146},[84,137642,1970],{"class":98},[84,137644,137645],{"class":4517},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137647,137648],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[75,137650,137652],{"className":77,"code":137651,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137653,137654,137666,137680,137684],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137655,137656,137658,137660,137662,137664],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137657,35526],{"class":90},[84,137659,95],{"class":94},[84,137661,4211],{"class":185},[84,137663,136977],{"class":189},[84,137665,4217],{"class":185},[84,137667,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137669,35526],{"class":90},[84,137671,95],{"class":94},[84,137673,43659],{"class":90},[84,137675,307],{"class":98},[84,137677,9479],{"class":146},[84,137679,9482],{"class":98},[84,137681,137682],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137683,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137687,156],{"class":133},[84,137689,137],{"class":98},[84,137691,35547],{"class":146},[84,137693,1970],{"class":98},[84,137695,136989],{"class":4517},[70,137697,3686],{"id":3685},[995,137699,26527],{"id":26526},[20,137701,137702,137703,11935,137705,307],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137704,9479],{},[15,137706,124683],{},[20,137708,2155],{},[75,137710,137712],{"className":77,"code":137711,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137713,137714,137726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137715,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137717,35526],{"class":90},[84,137719,95],{"class":94},[84,137721,4211],{"class":185},[84,137723,136977],{"class":189},[84,137725,4217],{"class":185},[84,137727,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137729,156],{"class":133},[84,137731,137],{"class":98},[84,137733,35547],{"class":146},[84,137735,307],{"class":98},[84,137737,9479],{"class":25590},[84,137739,150],{"class":98},[20,137741,137742],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137744,2211],{},[75,137746,137748],{"className":77,"code":137747,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137749,137750,137762],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137751,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137753,35526],{"class":90},[84,137755,95],{"class":94},[84,137757,4211],{"class":185},[84,137759,136977],{"class":189},[84,137761,4217],{"class":185},[84,137763,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137765,156],{"class":133},[84,137767,137],{"class":98},[84,137769,35547],{"class":146},[84,137771,307],{"class":98},[84,137773,9479],{"class":146},[84,137775,8033],{"class":98},[995,137777,137779],{"id":137778},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137781,137782],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137784,2155],{},[75,137786,137788],{"className":77,"code":137787,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137789,137790,137802,137812],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137791,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137793,35526],{"class":90},[84,137795,95],{"class":94},[84,137797,4211],{"class":185},[84,137799,136977],{"class":189},[84,137801,4217],{"class":185},[84,137803,137804,137806,137808,137810],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137805,35547],{"class":90},[84,137807,307],{"class":98},[84,137809,9479],{"class":146},[84,137811,9482],{"class":98},[84,137813,137814,137816,137818,137820,137822],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137815,156],{"class":133},[84,137817,137],{"class":98},[84,137819,35547],{"class":146},[84,137821,1970],{"class":98},[84,137823,137824],{"class":4517},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137826,2211],{},[75,137828,137830],{"className":77,"code":137829,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137831,137832,137844,137858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137833,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137835,35526],{"class":90},[84,137837,95],{"class":94},[84,137839,4211],{"class":185},[84,137841,136977],{"class":189},[84,137843,4217],{"class":185},[84,137845,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137847,35526],{"class":90},[84,137849,95],{"class":94},[84,137851,43659],{"class":90},[84,137853,307],{"class":98},[84,137855,9479],{"class":146},[84,137857,9482],{"class":98},[84,137859,137860,137862,137864,137866,137868],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137861,156],{"class":133},[84,137863,137],{"class":98},[84,137865,35547],{"class":146},[84,137867,1970],{"class":98},[84,137869,136989],{"class":4517},[995,137871,595,137873,137875],{"id":137872},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137874,124683],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137877,137878,137880],{},[15,137879,124683],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137882,2155],{},[75,137884,137886],{"className":77,"code":137885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137887,137888,137896],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137889,137890,137892,137894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137891,3076],{"class":90},[84,137893,95],{"class":94},[84,137895,125635],{"class":102},[84,137897,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137899,156],{"class":133},[84,137901,137],{"class":98},[84,137903,3098],{"class":146},[84,137905,307],{"class":98},[84,137907,9479],{"class":146},[84,137909,8033],{"class":98},[20,137911,137912,137913,34441],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137914,124683],{},[20,137916,137917],{},"You can check the type first:",[75,137919,137921],{"className":77,"code":137920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137922,137923,137935,137939,137953],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137924,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137926,35526],{"class":90},[84,137928,95],{"class":94},[84,137930,4211],{"class":185},[84,137932,136977],{"class":189},[84,137934,4217],{"class":185},[84,137936,137937],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137938,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137940,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137942,156],{"class":133},[84,137944,137],{"class":98},[84,137946,2624],{"class":140},[84,137948,137],{"class":98},[84,137950,35547],{"class":146},[84,137952,169],{"class":98},[84,137954,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,137956,156],{"class":133},[84,137958,137],{"class":98},[84,137960,35547],{"class":146},[84,137962,307],{"class":98},[84,137964,9479],{"class":146},[84,137966,8033],{"class":98},[995,137968,137970],{"id":137969},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137972,137973],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[75,137975,137977],{"className":77,"code":137976,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137978,137979,137992,137996,138013,138028,138034],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,137980,137981,137983,137985,137987,137990],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,137982,137196],{"class":90},[84,137984,95],{"class":94},[84,137986,4211],{"class":185},[84,137988,137989],{"class":189},"Yes",[84,137991,4217],{"class":185},[84,137993,137994],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,137995,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,137997,137998,138000,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,137999,7836],{"class":633},[84,138001,138002],{"class":90}," answer ",[84,138004,5535],{"class":94},[84,138006,4211],{"class":185},[84,138008,9497],{"class":189},[84,138010,3711],{"class":185},[84,138012,1440],{"class":98},[84,138014,138015,138017,138019,138021,138024,138026],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138016,1445],{"class":133},[84,138018,137],{"class":98},[84,138020,3711],{"class":185},[84,138022,138023],{"class":189},"Match",[84,138025,3711],{"class":185},[84,138027,150],{"class":98},[84,138029,138030,138032],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,138031,28274],{"class":633},[84,138033,1440],{"class":98},[84,138035,138036,138038,138040,138042,138045,138047],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,138037,1445],{"class":133},[84,138039,137],{"class":98},[84,138041,3711],{"class":185},[84,138043,138044],{"class":189},"No match",[84,138046,3711],{"class":185},[84,138048,150],{"class":98},[20,138050,29902,138051,5241,138054,138057,138058,307],{},[15,138052,138053],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,138055,138056],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,138059,138044],{},[20,138061,138062],{},"Better:",[75,138064,138066],{"className":77,"code":138065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,138067,138068,138080,138084,138106],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138069,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138071,137196],{"class":90},[84,138073,95],{"class":94},[84,138075,4211],{"class":185},[84,138077,137989],{"class":189},[84,138079,4217],{"class":185},[84,138081,138082],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138083,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138085,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138087,7836],{"class":633},[84,138089,137216],{"class":90},[84,138091,307],{"class":98},[84,138093,9479],{"class":146},[84,138095,8205],{"class":98},[84,138097,7249],{"class":94},[84,138099,4211],{"class":185},[84,138101,9497],{"class":189},[84,138103,3711],{"class":185},[84,138105,1440],{"class":98},[84,138107,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138109,1445],{"class":133},[84,138111,137],{"class":98},[84,138113,3711],{"class":185},[84,138115,138023],{"class":189},[84,138117,3711],{"class":185},[84,138119,150],{"class":98},[995,138121,45031,138123,138126],{"id":138122},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,138124,138125],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,138128,138129,138130,138132],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,138131,124683],{}," is enough.",[20,138134,138135,138136,138138,138139,307],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,138137,138125],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,138140,124683],{},[20,138142,138143,138144,123195],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,138145,124683],{},[70,138147,138149,11427,138151],{"id":138148},"lower-vs-upper",[15,138150,124683],{},[15,138152,128831],{},[20,138154,138155,5241,138157,138159],{},[15,138156,124683],{},[15,138158,128831],{}," are very similar.",[30,138161,138162,138167,138172,138175],{},[33,138163,138164,138166],{},[15,138165,124683],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,138168,138169,138171],{},[15,138170,128831],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,138173,138174],{},"Both return new strings",[33,138176,138177],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138179,814],{},[75,138181,138183],{"className":77,"code":138182,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138184,138185,138197,138201,138217],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138186,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138188,35526],{"class":90},[84,138190,95],{"class":94},[84,138192,4211],{"class":185},[84,138194,129672],{"class":189},[84,138196,4217],{"class":185},[84,138198,138199],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138200,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138202,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138204,156],{"class":133},[84,138206,137],{"class":98},[84,138208,35547],{"class":146},[84,138210,307],{"class":98},[84,138212,9479],{"class":146},[84,138214,136986],{"class":98},[84,138216,136884],{"class":4517},[84,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138220,156],{"class":133},[84,138222,137],{"class":98},[84,138224,35547],{"class":146},[84,138226,307],{"class":98},[84,138228,35316],{"class":146},[84,138230,136986],{"class":98},[84,138232,138233],{"class":4517},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138235,138236,138237,307],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[303,138238,126953,138240,11583],{"href":138239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138241,128831],{},[70,138243,2694],{"id":2693},[995,138245,2698,138247,125280],{"id":138246},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138248,124683],{},[20,138250,138251],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[995,138253,2698,138255,138257],{"id":138254},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138256,124683],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138259,138260,138261,307],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138262,138263],{},"string.lower()",[995,138265,5987,138267,13558],{"id":138266},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138268,124683],{},[20,138270,138271],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[995,138273,29169,138275,138277],{"id":138274},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138276,124683],{}," on user input?",[20,138279,138280,138281,138283],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138282,3817],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[995,138285,6024,138287,5241,138289,3348],{"id":138286},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138288,124683],{},[15,138290,138125],{},[20,138292,138293,138295,138296,138298],{},[15,138294,124683],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138297,138125],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[70,138300,2751],{"id":2750},[30,138302,138303,138307,138313,138319,138325,138329,138333,138339],{},[33,138304,138305],{},[303,138306,51792],{"href":51791},[33,138308,138309],{},[303,138310,126953,138311,11583],{"href":138239},[15,138312,128831],{},[33,138314,138315],{},[303,138316,126953,138317,11583],{"href":137523},[15,138318,42471],{},[33,138320,138321],{},[303,138322,126953,138323,11583],{"href":130534},[15,138324,125124],{},[33,138326,138327],{},[303,138328,125352],{"href":124208},[33,138330,138331],{},[303,138332,91281],{"href":90290},[33,138334,138335],{},[303,138336,13,138337,591],{"href":9058},[15,138338,3817],{},[33,138340,138341],{},[303,138342,138343],{"href":136924},"What is a string in Python?",[2785,138345,138346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":138348},[138349,138351,138352,138353,138354,138355,138356,138365,138367,138379],{"id":136894,"depth":125,"text":138350},"What lower() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":137343,"depth":125,"text":137344},{"id":16439,"depth":125,"text":16440},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":138357},[138358,138359,138360,138362,138363],{"id":26526,"depth":153,"text":26527},{"id":137778,"depth":153,"text":137779},{"id":137872,"depth":153,"text":138361},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137969,"depth":153,"text":137970},{"id":138122,"depth":153,"text":138364},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138148,"depth":125,"text":138366},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":138368},[138369,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"id":138246,"depth":153,"text":138370},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138254,"depth":153,"text":138372},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138266,"depth":153,"text":138374},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138274,"depth":153,"text":138376},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138286,"depth":153,"text":138378},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136811,"description":138380},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138387,"title":138388,"body":138389,"description":139939,"extension":2830,"meta":139940,"navigation":472,"path":139941,"seo":139942,"stem":139943,"__hash__":139944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138390,"toc":139900},[138391,138396,138401,138407,138422,138424,138484,138486,138495,138501,138506,138511,138513,138527,138531,138533,138580,138582,138600,138602,138605,138676,138678,138692,138695,138707,138716,138720,138725,138730,138734,138800,138802,138811,138815,138880,138882,138891,138894,138899,138903,138908,138912,138973,138975,138984,138988,138991,139047,139049,139058,139061,139074,139076,139080,139087,139149,139151,139164,139170,139173,139180,139185,139190,139193,139201,139203,139264,139266,139275,139278,139325,139328,139375,139377,139382,139399,139406,139411,139464,139466,139474,139476,139533,139535,139543,139547,139594,139596,139604,139612,139616,139664,139666,139675,139680,139731,139733,139742,139749,139752,139773,139775,139780,139783,139787,139790,139794,139797,139824,139830,139833,139860,139865,139867,139869,139897],[10,138392,123953,138394,12166],{"id":138393},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138395,125124],{},[20,138397,123958,138398,138400],{},[15,138399,125124],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138402,138403,138404,138406],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138405,125124],{},". You will learn:",[30,138408,138409,138413,138416,138419],{},[33,138410,26859,138411,238],{},[15,138412,125124],{},[33,138414,138415],{},"how its syntax works",[33,138417,138418],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,138420,138421],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[70,138423,73],{"id":72},[75,138425,138427],{"className":77,"code":138426,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138428,138429,138442,138474],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138430,138431,138433,138435,138437,138440],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138432,35526],{"class":90},[84,138434,95],{"class":94},[84,138436,4211],{"class":185},[84,138438,138439],{"class":189},"I like cats",[84,138441,4217],{"class":185},[84,138443,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138461,138463,138465,138467,138470,138472],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138445,130792],{"class":90},[84,138447,95],{"class":94},[84,138449,43659],{"class":90},[84,138451,307],{"class":98},[84,138453,35835],{"class":146},[84,138455,137],{"class":98},[84,138457,3711],{"class":185},[84,138459,138460],{"class":189},"cats",[84,138462,3711],{"class":185},[84,138464,106],{"class":98},[84,138466,4211],{"class":185},[84,138468,138469],{"class":189},"dogs",[84,138471,3711],{"class":185},[84,138473,150],{"class":98},[84,138475,138476,138478,138480,138482],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138477,156],{"class":133},[84,138479,137],{"class":98},[84,138481,130823],{"class":146},[84,138483,150],{"class":98},[20,138485,172],{},[75,138487,138489],{"className":77,"code":138488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like dogs\n",[15,138490,138491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138492,138493],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138494,138488],{"class":90},[20,138496,224,138497,138500],{},[15,138498,138499],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[70,138502,235,138504,238],{"id":138503},"what-replace-does",[15,138505,125124],{},[20,138507,138508,138510],{},[15,138509,125124],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138512,13895],{},[30,138514,138515,138517,138519,138522],{},[33,138516,134201],{},[33,138518,136919],{},[33,138520,138521],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,138523,138524,138525],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138526,42077],{},[20,138528,125705,138529,307],{},[303,138530,125708],{"href":51791},[70,138532,6274],{"id":6273},[75,138534,138536],{"className":77,"code":138535,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138537,138538,138558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138539,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548,138551,138553,138556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138541,61991],{"class":90},[84,138543,307],{"class":98},[84,138545,35835],{"class":146},[84,138547,137],{"class":98},[84,138549,138550],{"class":146},"old",[84,138552,106],{"class":98},[84,138554,138555],{"class":146}," new",[84,138557,150],{"class":98},[84,138559,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138561,61991],{"class":90},[84,138563,307],{"class":98},[84,138565,35835],{"class":146},[84,138567,137],{"class":98},[84,138569,138550],{"class":146},[84,138571,106],{"class":98},[84,138573,138555],{"class":146},[84,138575,106],{"class":98},[84,138577,50417],{"class":146},[84,138579,150],{"class":98},[995,138581,18235],{"id":18234},[30,138583,138584,138589,138595],{},[33,138585,138586,138588],{},[15,138587,138550],{}," = the text to find",[33,138590,138591,138594],{},[15,138592,138593],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,138596,138597,138599],{},[15,138598,42077],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[70,138601,6631],{"id":6630},[20,138603,138604],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[75,138606,138608],{"className":77,"code":138607,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138609,138610,138622,138652,138656,138666],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138611,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138613,35526],{"class":90},[84,138615,95],{"class":94},[84,138617,4211],{"class":185},[84,138619,138439],{"class":189},[84,138621,4217],{"class":185},[84,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138625,130792],{"class":90},[84,138627,95],{"class":94},[84,138629,43659],{"class":90},[84,138631,307],{"class":98},[84,138633,35835],{"class":146},[84,138635,137],{"class":98},[84,138637,3711],{"class":185},[84,138639,138460],{"class":189},[84,138641,3711],{"class":185},[84,138643,106],{"class":98},[84,138645,4211],{"class":185},[84,138647,138469],{"class":189},[84,138649,3711],{"class":185},[84,138651,150],{"class":98},[84,138653,138654],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138655,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138657,138658,138660,138662,138664],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138659,156],{"class":133},[84,138661,137],{"class":98},[84,138663,35547],{"class":146},[84,138665,150],{"class":98},[84,138667,138668,138670,138672,138674],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,138669,156],{"class":133},[84,138671,137],{"class":98},[84,138673,130823],{"class":146},[84,138675,150],{"class":98},[20,138677,172],{},[75,138679,138681],{"className":77,"code":138680,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138682,138683,138688],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138684,138685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138686,138687],{"class":90},"I like cats\n",[84,138689,138690],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138691,138488],{"class":90},[20,138693,138694],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,138696,138697,138702],{},[33,138698,138699,138701],{},[15,138700,35547],{}," did not change",[33,138703,138704,138706],{},[15,138705,130823],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138708,138709,138710,138712,138713,138715],{},"This happens because strings are ",[53,138711,137588],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138714,125124],{}," return a new string instead.",[70,138717,138719],{"id":138718},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138721,90299,138722,138724],{},[15,138723,125124],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138726,138727,138728,37459],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138729,42077],{},[995,138731,138733],{"id":138732},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[75,138735,138737],{"className":77,"code":138736,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138738,138739,138752,138786,138790],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138740,138741,138743,138745,138747,138750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138742,35526],{"class":90},[84,138744,95],{"class":94},[84,138746,4211],{"class":185},[84,138748,138749],{"class":189},"cat cat cat",[84,138751,4217],{"class":185},[84,138753,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138755,128],{"class":90},[84,138757,95],{"class":94},[84,138759,43659],{"class":90},[84,138761,307],{"class":98},[84,138763,35835],{"class":146},[84,138765,137],{"class":98},[84,138767,3711],{"class":185},[84,138769,37884],{"class":189},[84,138771,3711],{"class":185},[84,138773,106],{"class":98},[84,138775,4211],{"class":185},[84,138777,58943],{"class":189},[84,138779,3711],{"class":185},[84,138781,106],{"class":98},[84,138783,6341],{"class":102},[84,138785,150],{"class":98},[84,138787,138788],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138789,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138791,138792,138794,138796,138798],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138793,156],{"class":133},[84,138795,137],{"class":98},[84,138797,166],{"class":146},[84,138799,150],{"class":98},[20,138801,172],{},[75,138803,138805],{"className":77,"code":138804,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138806,138807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138808,138809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138810,138804],{"class":90},[995,138812,138814],{"id":138813},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[75,138816,138818],{"className":77,"code":138817,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138819,138820,138832,138866,138870],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138821,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138823,35526],{"class":90},[84,138825,95],{"class":94},[84,138827,4211],{"class":185},[84,138829,138749],{"class":189},[84,138831,4217],{"class":185},[84,138833,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138835,128],{"class":90},[84,138837,95],{"class":94},[84,138839,43659],{"class":90},[84,138841,307],{"class":98},[84,138843,35835],{"class":146},[84,138845,137],{"class":98},[84,138847,3711],{"class":185},[84,138849,37884],{"class":189},[84,138851,3711],{"class":185},[84,138853,106],{"class":98},[84,138855,4211],{"class":185},[84,138857,58943],{"class":189},[84,138859,3711],{"class":185},[84,138861,106],{"class":98},[84,138863,109],{"class":102},[84,138865,150],{"class":98},[84,138867,138868],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138869,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138873,156],{"class":133},[84,138875,137],{"class":98},[84,138877,166],{"class":146},[84,138879,150],{"class":98},[20,138881,172],{},[75,138883,138885],{"className":77,"code":138884,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138886,138887],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138888,138889],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138890,138884],{"class":90},[20,138892,138893],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138895,138896,138897,307],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[303,138898,128677],{"href":125121},[70,138900,138902],{"id":138901},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138904,138905,138907],{},[15,138906,125124],{}," can also change single characters.",[995,138909,138911],{"id":138910},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[75,138913,138915],{"className":77,"code":138914,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138916,138917,138929,138959,138963],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138918,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138920,35526],{"class":90},[84,138922,95],{"class":94},[84,138924,4211],{"class":185},[84,138926,4937],{"class":189},[84,138928,4217],{"class":185},[84,138930,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,138932,128],{"class":90},[84,138934,95],{"class":94},[84,138936,43659],{"class":90},[84,138938,307],{"class":98},[84,138940,35835],{"class":146},[84,138942,137],{"class":98},[84,138944,3711],{"class":185},[84,138946,303],{"class":189},[84,138948,3711],{"class":185},[84,138950,106],{"class":98},[84,138952,4211],{"class":185},[84,138954,61290],{"class":189},[84,138956,3711],{"class":185},[84,138958,150],{"class":98},[84,138960,138961],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,138962,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,138964,138965,138967,138969,138971],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,138966,156],{"class":133},[84,138968,137],{"class":98},[84,138970,166],{"class":146},[84,138972,150],{"class":98},[20,138974,172],{},[75,138976,138978],{"className":77,"code":138977,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"bonono\n",[15,138979,138980],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138981,138982],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138983,138977],{"class":90},[995,138985,138987],{"id":138986},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138989,138990],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[75,138992,138994],{"className":77,"code":138993,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138995,138996,139009,139033,139037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,138997,138998,139000,139002,139004,139007],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,138999,35526],{"class":90},[84,139001,95],{"class":94},[84,139003,4211],{"class":185},[84,139005,139006],{"class":189},"a b c",[84,139008,4217],{"class":185},[84,139010,139011,139013,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139012,128],{"class":90},[84,139014,95],{"class":94},[84,139016,43659],{"class":90},[84,139018,307],{"class":98},[84,139020,35835],{"class":146},[84,139022,137],{"class":98},[84,139024,3711],{"class":185},[84,139026,4211],{"class":185},[84,139028,106],{"class":98},[84,139030,6968],{"class":185},[84,139032,150],{"class":98},[84,139034,139035],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,139036,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,139038,139039,139041,139043,139045],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,139040,156],{"class":133},[84,139042,137],{"class":98},[84,139044,166],{"class":146},[84,139046,150],{"class":98},[20,139048,172],{},[75,139050,139052],{"className":77,"code":139051,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"abc\n",[15,139053,139054],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139055,139056],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139057,139051],{"class":90},[20,139059,139060],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,139062,139063,139064,139068,139069,139073],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[303,139065,126953,139066,11583],{"href":129640},[15,139067,61348],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[303,139070,126953,139071,11583],{"href":137523},[15,139072,42471],{}," is often a better choice.",[70,139075,124600],{"id":124599},[20,139077,139078,124411],{},[15,139079,125124],{},[20,139081,127998,139082,5241,139084,128005],{},[15,139083,113637],{},[15,139085,139086],{},"\"Cat\"",[75,139088,139090],{"className":77,"code":139089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139091,139092,139105,139135,139139],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139093,139094,139096,139098,139100,139103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139095,35526],{"class":90},[84,139097,95],{"class":94},[84,139099,4211],{"class":185},[84,139101,139102],{"class":189},"Cat cat CAT",[84,139104,4217],{"class":185},[84,139106,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139108,128],{"class":90},[84,139110,95],{"class":94},[84,139112,43659],{"class":90},[84,139114,307],{"class":98},[84,139116,35835],{"class":146},[84,139118,137],{"class":98},[84,139120,3711],{"class":185},[84,139122,37884],{"class":189},[84,139124,3711],{"class":185},[84,139126,106],{"class":98},[84,139128,4211],{"class":185},[84,139130,58943],{"class":189},[84,139132,3711],{"class":185},[84,139134,150],{"class":98},[84,139136,139137],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,139138,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,139140,139141,139143,139145,139147],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,139142,156],{"class":133},[84,139144,137],{"class":98},[84,139146,166],{"class":146},[84,139148,150],{"class":98},[20,139150,172],{},[75,139152,139154],{"className":77,"code":139153,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139155,139156],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139157,139158,139161],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139159,139160],{"class":90},"Cat dog ",[84,139162,139163],{"class":1266},"CAT\n",[20,139165,139166,139167,139169],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139168,113637],{}," was replaced.",[20,139171,139172],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139174,139175,139176,307],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[303,139177,126953,139178,11583],{"href":124680},[15,139179,124683],{},[70,139181,235,139183,12548],{"id":139182},"what-replace-returns",[15,139184,125124],{},[20,139186,139187,139189],{},[15,139188,125124],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139191,139192],{},"If no match is found:",[30,139194,139195,139198],{},[33,139196,139197],{},"no error happens",[33,139199,139200],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139202,814],{},[75,139204,139206],{"className":77,"code":139205,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139207,139208,139220,139250,139254],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139209,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139211,35526],{"class":90},[84,139213,95],{"class":94},[84,139215,4211],{"class":185},[84,139217,4697],{"class":189},[84,139219,4217],{"class":185},[84,139221,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139223,128],{"class":90},[84,139225,95],{"class":94},[84,139227,43659],{"class":90},[84,139229,307],{"class":98},[84,139231,35835],{"class":146},[84,139233,137],{"class":98},[84,139235,3711],{"class":185},[84,139237,625],{"class":189},[84,139239,3711],{"class":185},[84,139241,106],{"class":98},[84,139243,4211],{"class":185},[84,139245,12588],{"class":189},[84,139247,3711],{"class":185},[84,139249,150],{"class":98},[84,139251,139252],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,139253,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,139255,139256,139258,139260,139262],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,139257,156],{"class":133},[84,139259,137],{"class":98},[84,139261,166],{"class":146},[84,139263,150],{"class":98},[20,139265,172],{},[75,139267,139269],{"className":77,"code":139268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello\n",[15,139270,139271],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139272,139273],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139274,139268],{"class":90},[20,139276,139277],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[75,139279,139281],{"className":77,"code":139280,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139282,139283,139295],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139284,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139286,35526],{"class":90},[84,139288,95],{"class":94},[84,139290,4211],{"class":185},[84,139292,61223],{"class":189},[84,139294,4217],{"class":185},[84,139296,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139298,130792],{"class":90},[84,139300,95],{"class":94},[84,139302,43659],{"class":90},[84,139304,307],{"class":98},[84,139306,35835],{"class":146},[84,139308,137],{"class":98},[84,139310,3711],{"class":185},[84,139312,61408],{"class":189},[84,139314,3711],{"class":185},[84,139316,106],{"class":98},[84,139318,4211],{"class":185},[84,139320,8136],{"class":189},[84,139322,3711],{"class":185},[84,139324,150],{"class":98},[20,139326,139327],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[75,139329,139331],{"className":77,"code":139330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139332,139333,139345],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139334,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139336,35526],{"class":90},[84,139338,95],{"class":94},[84,139340,4211],{"class":185},[84,139342,61223],{"class":189},[84,139344,4217],{"class":185},[84,139346,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139348,35526],{"class":90},[84,139350,95],{"class":94},[84,139352,43659],{"class":90},[84,139354,307],{"class":98},[84,139356,35835],{"class":146},[84,139358,137],{"class":98},[84,139360,3711],{"class":185},[84,139362,61408],{"class":189},[84,139364,3711],{"class":185},[84,139366,106],{"class":98},[84,139368,4211],{"class":185},[84,139370,8136],{"class":189},[84,139372,3711],{"class":185},[84,139374,150],{"class":98},[70,139376,2058],{"id":2057},[20,139378,139379,139380,3743],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139381,125124],{},[30,139383,139384,139387,139391,139394],{},[33,139385,139386],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,139388,9291,139389,132173],{},[15,139390,125124],{},[33,139392,139393],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,139395,38041,139396,139398],{},[15,139397,125124],{}," with regex-based replacements",[995,139400,139402,139403,139405],{"id":139401},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139404,125124],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139407,139408,139409,3743],{},"This does not update ",[15,139410,35547],{},[75,139412,139414],{"className":77,"code":139413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139415,139416,139428,139454],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139417,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139419,35526],{"class":90},[84,139421,95],{"class":94},[84,139423,4211],{"class":185},[84,139425,138439],{"class":189},[84,139427,4217],{"class":185},[84,139429,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139431,35547],{"class":90},[84,139433,307],{"class":98},[84,139435,35835],{"class":146},[84,139437,137],{"class":98},[84,139439,3711],{"class":185},[84,139441,138460],{"class":189},[84,139443,3711],{"class":185},[84,139445,106],{"class":98},[84,139447,4211],{"class":185},[84,139449,138469],{"class":189},[84,139451,3711],{"class":185},[84,139453,150],{"class":98},[84,139455,139456,139458,139460,139462],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,139457,156],{"class":133},[84,139459,137],{"class":98},[84,139461,35547],{"class":146},[84,139463,150],{"class":98},[20,139465,172],{},[75,139467,139468],{"className":77,"code":138687,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,139469,139470],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139471,139472],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139473,138687],{"class":90},[20,139475,11650],{},[75,139477,139479],{"className":77,"code":139478,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139480,139481,139493,139523],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139482,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139484,35526],{"class":90},[84,139486,95],{"class":94},[84,139488,4211],{"class":185},[84,139490,138439],{"class":189},[84,139492,4217],{"class":185},[84,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139496,35526],{"class":90},[84,139498,95],{"class":94},[84,139500,43659],{"class":90},[84,139502,307],{"class":98},[84,139504,35835],{"class":146},[84,139506,137],{"class":98},[84,139508,3711],{"class":185},[84,139510,138460],{"class":189},[84,139512,3711],{"class":185},[84,139514,106],{"class":98},[84,139516,4211],{"class":185},[84,139518,138469],{"class":189},[84,139520,3711],{"class":185},[84,139522,150],{"class":98},[84,139524,139525,139527,139529,139531],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,139526,156],{"class":133},[84,139528,137],{"class":98},[84,139530,35547],{"class":146},[84,139532,150],{"class":98},[20,139534,172],{},[75,139536,139537],{"className":77,"code":138488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,139538,139539],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139540,139541],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139542,138488],{"class":90},[995,139544,139546],{"id":139545},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[75,139548,139550],{"className":77,"code":139549,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139551,139552,139564],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139553,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139555,35526],{"class":90},[84,139557,95],{"class":94},[84,139559,4211],{"class":185},[84,139561,35703],{"class":189},[84,139563,4217],{"class":185},[84,139565,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139567,156],{"class":133},[84,139569,137],{"class":98},[84,139571,35547],{"class":146},[84,139573,307],{"class":98},[84,139575,35835],{"class":146},[84,139577,137],{"class":98},[84,139579,3711],{"class":185},[84,139581,4697],{"class":189},[84,139583,3711],{"class":185},[84,139585,106],{"class":98},[84,139587,4211],{"class":185},[84,139589,90534],{"class":189},[84,139591,3711],{"class":185},[84,139593,169],{"class":98},[20,139595,172],{},[75,139597,139598],{"className":77,"code":89547,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,139599,139600],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139601,139602],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139603,89547],{"class":90},[20,139605,139606,139607,5241,139609,139611],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139608,65352],{},[15,139610,91016],{}," are not the same.",[995,139613,139615],{"id":139614},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[75,139617,139619],{"className":77,"code":139618,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139620,139621,139634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139622,139623,139625,139627,139629,139632],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139624,35526],{"class":90},[84,139626,95],{"class":94},[84,139628,4211],{"class":185},[84,139630,139631],{"class":189},"red red red",[84,139633,4217],{"class":185},[84,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139637,156],{"class":133},[84,139639,137],{"class":98},[84,139641,35547],{"class":146},[84,139643,307],{"class":98},[84,139645,35835],{"class":146},[84,139647,137],{"class":98},[84,139649,3711],{"class":185},[84,139651,13936],{"class":189},[84,139653,3711],{"class":185},[84,139655,106],{"class":98},[84,139657,4211],{"class":185},[84,139659,13953],{"class":189},[84,139661,3711],{"class":185},[84,139663,169],{"class":98},[20,139665,172],{},[75,139667,139669],{"className":77,"code":139668,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139670,139671],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139672,139673],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139674,139668],{"class":90},[20,139676,139677,139678,3743],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139679,42077],{},[75,139681,139683],{"className":77,"code":139682,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139684,139685,139697],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139686,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139688,35526],{"class":90},[84,139690,95],{"class":94},[84,139692,4211],{"class":185},[84,139694,139631],{"class":189},[84,139696,4217],{"class":185},[84,139698,139699,139701,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139700,156],{"class":133},[84,139702,137],{"class":98},[84,139704,35547],{"class":146},[84,139706,307],{"class":98},[84,139708,35835],{"class":146},[84,139710,137],{"class":98},[84,139712,3711],{"class":185},[84,139714,13936],{"class":189},[84,139716,3711],{"class":185},[84,139718,106],{"class":98},[84,139720,4211],{"class":185},[84,139722,13953],{"class":189},[84,139724,3711],{"class":185},[84,139726,106],{"class":98},[84,139728,6341],{"class":102},[84,139730,169],{"class":98},[20,139732,172],{},[75,139734,139736],{"className":77,"code":139735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"blue red red\n",[15,139737,139738],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139739,139740],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139741,139735],{"class":90},[995,139743,139745,139746,139748],{"id":139744},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139747,125124],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139750,139751],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,139753,139754,139761,139768],{},[33,139755,224,139756,139760],{},[303,139757,139758],{"href":129640},[15,139759,61348],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,139762,224,139763,139767],{},[303,139764,139765],{"href":137523},[15,139766,42471],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,139769,224,139770,139772],{},[15,139771,125124],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[70,139774,2694],{"id":2693},[995,139776,2698,139778,125280],{"id":139777},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139779,125124],{},[20,139781,139782],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[995,139784,139786],{"id":139785},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139788,139789],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[995,139791,139793],{"id":139792},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139795,139796],{},"Use the third argument:",[75,139798,139800],{"className":77,"code":139799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139801,139802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139805,35547],{"class":90},[84,139807,307],{"class":98},[84,139809,35835],{"class":146},[84,139811,137],{"class":98},[84,139813,138550],{"class":146},[84,139815,106],{"class":98},[84,139817,138555],{"class":146},[84,139819,106],{"class":98},[84,139821,6341],{"class":102},[84,139823,150],{"class":98},[995,139825,2734,139827,139829],{"id":139826},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139828,125124],{}," remove text?",[20,139831,139832],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[75,139834,139836],{"className":77,"code":139835,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139837,139838],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139839,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139841,35547],{"class":90},[84,139843,307],{"class":98},[84,139845,35835],{"class":146},[84,139847,137],{"class":98},[84,139849,3711],{"class":185},[84,139851,625],{"class":189},[84,139853,3711],{"class":185},[84,139855,106],{"class":98},[84,139857,6968],{"class":185},[84,139859,150],{"class":98},[995,139861,2715,139863,125289],{"id":139862},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139864,125124],{},[20,139866,130482],{},[70,139868,2751],{"id":2750},[30,139870,139871,139875,139881,139887,139893],{},[33,139872,139873],{},[303,139874,125359],{"href":125121},[33,139876,139877],{},[303,139878,126953,139879,11583],{"href":129640},[15,139880,61348],{},[33,139882,139883],{},[303,139884,126953,139885,11583],{"href":137523},[15,139886,42471],{},[33,139888,139889],{},[303,139890,126953,139891,11583],{"href":124680},[15,139892,124683],{},[33,139894,139895],{},[303,139896,125708],{"href":51791},[2785,139898,139899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":139901},[139902,139903,139905,139908,139909,139913,139917,139918,139920,139928,139938],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":138503,"depth":125,"text":139904},"What replace() does",{"id":6273,"depth":125,"text":6274,"children":139906},[139907],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":6630,"depth":125,"text":6631},{"id":138718,"depth":125,"text":138719,"children":139910},[139911,139912],{"id":138732,"depth":153,"text":138733},{"id":138813,"depth":153,"text":138814},{"id":138901,"depth":125,"text":138902,"children":139914},[139915,139916],{"id":138910,"depth":153,"text":138911},{"id":138986,"depth":153,"text":138987},{"id":124599,"depth":125,"text":124600},{"id":139182,"depth":125,"text":139919},"What replace() returns",{"id":2057,"depth":125,"text":2058,"children":139921},[139922,139924,139925,139926],{"id":139401,"depth":153,"text":139923},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139545,"depth":153,"text":139546},{"id":139614,"depth":153,"text":139615},{"id":139744,"depth":153,"text":139927},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":139929},[139930,139932,139933,139934,139936],{"id":139777,"depth":153,"text":139931},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139785,"depth":153,"text":139786},{"id":139792,"depth":153,"text":139793},{"id":139826,"depth":153,"text":139935},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139862,"depth":153,"text":139937},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138388,"description":139939},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139946,"title":139947,"body":139948,"description":141967,"extension":2830,"meta":141968,"navigation":472,"path":141969,"seo":141970,"stem":141971,"__hash__":141972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139949,"toc":141931},[139950,139955,139960,139963,139974,139976,140031,140036,140041,140048,140050,140065,140067,140123,140125,140163,140168,140170,140194,140197,140210,140215,140217,140249,140251,140284,140290,140295,140298,140308,140311,140313,140369,140371,140421,140424,140432,140435,140491,140493,140566,140579,140587,140591,140602,140605,140608,140661,140663,140695,140698,140752,140754,140789,140792,140797,140802,140807,140810,140812,140870,140872,140906,140908,140923,140926,140928,140970,140972,140998,141003,141011,141014,141016,141098,141100,141151,141154,141165,141173,141175,141248,141250,141268,141272,141275,141279,141306,141308,141316,141320,141355,141357,141370,141374,141377,141416,141418,141435,141440,141445,141456,141459,141470,141472,141474,141500,141503,141552,141554,141571,141574,141576,141628,141630,141662,141665,141723,141728,141730,141735,141838,141840,141854,141856,141863,141868,141873,141878,141883,141888,141891,141895,141900,141902,141928],[10,139951,123953,139953,12166],{"id":139952},"python-string-split-method",[15,139954,61348],{},[20,139956,123958,139957,139959],{},[15,139958,61348],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139961,139962],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139964,139965,139968,139971],{},[33,139966,139967],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139969,139970],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139972,139973],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[70,139975,73],{"id":72},[75,139977,139979],{"className":77,"code":139978,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139980,139981,139994,140016,140026],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,139982,139983,139985,139987,139989,139992],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,139984,35526],{"class":90},[84,139986,95],{"class":94},[84,139988,4211],{"class":185},[84,139990,139991],{"class":189},"apple,banana,cherry",[84,139993,4217],{"class":185},[84,139995,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,139997,43654],{"class":90},[84,139999,95],{"class":94},[84,140001,43659],{"class":90},[84,140003,307],{"class":98},[84,140005,35307],{"class":146},[84,140007,137],{"class":98},[84,140009,3711],{"class":185},[84,140011,106],{"class":189},[84,140013,3711],{"class":185},[84,140015,150],{"class":98},[84,140017,140018,140020,140022,140024],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140019,156],{"class":133},[84,140021,137],{"class":98},[84,140023,43686],{"class":146},[84,140025,150],{"class":98},[84,140027,140028],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140029,140030],{"class":4517},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,140032,224,140033,140035],{},[15,140034,61348],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[70,140037,235,140039,238],{"id":140038},"what-split-does",[15,140040,61348],{},[20,140042,140043,133001,140045,307],{},[15,140044,61348],{},[53,140046,140047],{},"string method",[20,140049,49742],{},[30,140051,140052,140055,140060],{},[33,140053,140054],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,140056,120255,140057],{},[53,140058,140059],{},"new list of strings",[33,140061,120261,140062,140064],{},[53,140063,55],{}," change the original string",[20,140066,814],{},[75,140068,140070],{"className":77,"code":140069,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140071,140072,140085,140099,140103,140113],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140073,140074,140076,140078,140080,140083],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140075,35526],{"class":90},[84,140077,95],{"class":94},[84,140079,4211],{"class":185},[84,140081,140082],{"class":189},"red blue green",[84,140084,4217],{"class":185},[84,140086,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140088,43654],{"class":90},[84,140090,95],{"class":94},[84,140092,43659],{"class":90},[84,140094,307],{"class":98},[84,140096,35307],{"class":146},[84,140098,9482],{"class":98},[84,140100,140101],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140102,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140104,140105,140107,140109,140111],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140106,156],{"class":133},[84,140108,137],{"class":98},[84,140110,35547],{"class":146},[84,140112,150],{"class":98},[84,140114,140115,140117,140119,140121],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,140116,156],{"class":133},[84,140118,137],{"class":98},[84,140120,43686],{"class":146},[84,140122,150],{"class":98},[20,140124,172],{},[75,140126,140128],{"className":77,"code":140127,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,140129,140130,140135],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140131,140132],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140133,140134],{"class":90},"red blue green\n",[84,140136,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140138,182],{"class":98},[84,140140,186],{"class":185},[84,140142,13936],{"class":189},[84,140144,186],{"class":185},[84,140146,106],{"class":98},[84,140148,196],{"class":185},[84,140150,13953],{"class":189},[84,140152,186],{"class":185},[84,140154,106],{"class":98},[84,140156,196],{"class":185},[84,140158,18296],{"class":189},[84,140160,186],{"class":185},[84,140162,122],{"class":98},[20,140164,140165,140166,307],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[303,140167,125708],{"href":51791},[70,140169,311],{"id":310},[75,140171,140173],{"className":77,"code":140172,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140174,140175],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140176,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140192],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140178,61991],{"class":90},[84,140180,307],{"class":98},[84,140182,35307],{"class":146},[84,140184,137],{"class":98},[84,140186,134357],{"class":146},[84,140188,106],{"class":98},[84,140190,140191],{"class":146}," maxsplit",[84,140193,150],{"class":98},[20,140195,140196],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,140198,140199,140204],{},[33,140200,140201,140203],{},[15,140202,134357],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,140205,140206,140209],{},[15,140207,140208],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140211,2583,140212,140214],{},[15,140213,134357],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140216,814],{},[75,140218,140220],{"className":77,"code":140219,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140221,140222,140235],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140223,140224,140226,140228,140230,140233],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140225,35526],{"class":90},[84,140227,95],{"class":94},[84,140229,4211],{"class":185},[84,140231,140232],{"class":189},"one two three",[84,140234,4217],{"class":185},[84,140236,140237,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140238,156],{"class":133},[84,140240,137],{"class":98},[84,140242,35547],{"class":146},[84,140244,307],{"class":98},[84,140246,35307],{"class":146},[84,140248,8033],{"class":98},[20,140250,172],{},[75,140252,140254],{"className":77,"code":140253,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140255,140256],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140259,182],{"class":98},[84,140261,186],{"class":185},[84,140263,7424],{"class":189},[84,140265,186],{"class":185},[84,140267,106],{"class":98},[84,140269,196],{"class":185},[84,140271,80084],{"class":189},[84,140273,186],{"class":185},[84,140275,106],{"class":98},[84,140277,196],{"class":185},[84,140279,134839],{"class":189},[84,140281,186],{"class":185},[84,140283,122],{"class":98},[70,140285,595,140287,140289],{"id":140286},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140288,61348],{}," with no separator",[20,140291,70988,140292,140294],{},[15,140293,61348],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140296,140297],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,140299,140300,140302,140305],{},[33,140301,11293],{},[33,140303,140304],{},"tabs",[33,140306,140307],{},"new lines",[20,140309,140310],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140312,814],{},[75,140314,140316],{"className":77,"code":140315,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140317,140318,140341,140355,140359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140319,140320,140322,140324,140326,140329,140332,140334,140336,140339],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140321,35526],{"class":90},[84,140323,95],{"class":94},[84,140325,4211],{"class":185},[84,140327,140328],{"class":189},"Python   is",[84,140330,140331],{"class":1266},"\\t",[84,140333,134093],{"class":189},[84,140335,87751],{"class":1266},[84,140337,140338],{"class":189},"and useful",[84,140340,4217],{"class":185},[84,140342,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140344,43654],{"class":90},[84,140346,95],{"class":94},[84,140348,43659],{"class":90},[84,140350,307],{"class":98},[84,140352,35307],{"class":146},[84,140354,9482],{"class":98},[84,140356,140357],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140358,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140362,156],{"class":133},[84,140364,137],{"class":98},[84,140366,43686],{"class":146},[84,140368,150],{"class":98},[20,140370,172],{},[75,140372,140374],{"className":77,"code":140373,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140375,140376],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140417,140419],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140379,182],{"class":98},[84,140381,186],{"class":185},[84,140383,8136],{"class":189},[84,140385,186],{"class":185},[84,140387,106],{"class":98},[84,140389,196],{"class":185},[84,140391,13037],{"class":189},[84,140393,186],{"class":185},[84,140395,106],{"class":98},[84,140397,196],{"class":185},[84,140399,134093],{"class":189},[84,140401,186],{"class":185},[84,140403,106],{"class":98},[84,140405,196],{"class":185},[84,140407,130718],{"class":189},[84,140409,186],{"class":185},[84,140411,106],{"class":98},[84,140413,196],{"class":185},[84,140415,140416],{"class":189},"useful",[84,140418,186],{"class":185},[84,140420,122],{"class":98},[20,140422,140423],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[995,140425,140427,11427,140429],{"id":140426},"split-vs-split",[15,140428,61348],{},[15,140430,140431],{},"split(' ')",[20,140433,140434],{},"These are not the same.",[75,140436,140438],{"className":77,"code":140437,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140439,140440,140453,140457,140471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140441,140442,140444,140446,140448,140451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140443,35526],{"class":90},[84,140445,95],{"class":94},[84,140447,4211],{"class":185},[84,140449,140450],{"class":189},"a  b   c",[84,140452,4217],{"class":185},[84,140454,140455],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140456,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140458,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140460,156],{"class":133},[84,140462,137],{"class":98},[84,140464,35547],{"class":146},[84,140466,307],{"class":98},[84,140468,35307],{"class":146},[84,140470,8033],{"class":98},[84,140472,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140474,156],{"class":133},[84,140476,137],{"class":98},[84,140478,35547],{"class":146},[84,140480,307],{"class":98},[84,140482,35307],{"class":146},[84,140484,137],{"class":98},[84,140486,3711],{"class":185},[84,140488,4211],{"class":185},[84,140490,169],{"class":98},[20,140492,172],{},[75,140494,140496],{"className":77,"code":140495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140497,140498,140526],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140501,182],{"class":98},[84,140503,186],{"class":185},[84,140505,303],{"class":189},[84,140507,186],{"class":185},[84,140509,106],{"class":98},[84,140511,196],{"class":185},[84,140513,5608],{"class":189},[84,140515,186],{"class":185},[84,140517,106],{"class":98},[84,140519,196],{"class":185},[84,140521,10580],{"class":189},[84,140523,186],{"class":185},[84,140525,122],{"class":98},[84,140527,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140529,182],{"class":98},[84,140531,186],{"class":185},[84,140533,303],{"class":189},[84,140535,186],{"class":185},[84,140537,106],{"class":98},[84,140539,4690],{"class":185},[84,140541,106],{"class":98},[84,140543,196],{"class":185},[84,140545,5608],{"class":189},[84,140547,186],{"class":185},[84,140549,106],{"class":98},[84,140551,4690],{"class":185},[84,140553,106],{"class":98},[84,140555,4690],{"class":185},[84,140557,106],{"class":98},[84,140559,196],{"class":185},[84,140561,10580],{"class":189},[84,140563,186],{"class":185},[84,140565,122],{"class":98},[30,140567,140568,140573],{},[33,140569,140570,140572],{},[15,140571,61348],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,140574,140575,140578],{},[15,140576,140577],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140580,140581,140582,140586],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[303,140583,126953,140584,11583],{"href":137523},[15,140585,42471],{}," is often useful.",[70,140588,140590],{"id":140589},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140592,140593,140594,362,140597,366,140599,307],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140595,140596],{},"\",\"",[15,140598,134192],{},[15,140600,140601],{},"\"::\"",[20,140603,140604],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140606,140607],{},"Example with commas:",[75,140609,140611],{"className":77,"code":140610,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140612,140613,140625,140647,140651],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140614,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140616,35526],{"class":90},[84,140618,95],{"class":94},[84,140620,4211],{"class":185},[84,140622,139991],{"class":189},[84,140624,4217],{"class":185},[84,140626,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140628,43654],{"class":90},[84,140630,95],{"class":94},[84,140632,43659],{"class":90},[84,140634,307],{"class":98},[84,140636,35307],{"class":146},[84,140638,137],{"class":98},[84,140640,3711],{"class":185},[84,140642,106],{"class":189},[84,140644,3711],{"class":185},[84,140646,150],{"class":98},[84,140648,140649],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140650,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140652,140653,140655,140657,140659],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140654,156],{"class":133},[84,140656,137],{"class":98},[84,140658,43686],{"class":146},[84,140660,150],{"class":98},[20,140662,172],{},[75,140664,140665],{"className":77,"code":79263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,140666,140667],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140668,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140670,182],{"class":98},[84,140672,186],{"class":185},[84,140674,4928],{"class":189},[84,140676,186],{"class":185},[84,140678,106],{"class":98},[84,140680,196],{"class":185},[84,140682,4937],{"class":189},[84,140684,186],{"class":185},[84,140686,106],{"class":98},[84,140688,196],{"class":185},[84,140690,4946],{"class":189},[84,140692,186],{"class":185},[84,140694,122],{"class":98},[20,140696,140697],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[75,140699,140701],{"className":77,"code":140700,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140702,140703,140716,140738,140742],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140704,140705,140707,140709,140711,140714],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140706,35526],{"class":90},[84,140708,95],{"class":94},[84,140710,4211],{"class":185},[84,140712,140713],{"class":189},"2024::10::31",[84,140715,4217],{"class":185},[84,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734,140736],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140719,43654],{"class":90},[84,140721,95],{"class":94},[84,140723,43659],{"class":90},[84,140725,307],{"class":98},[84,140727,35307],{"class":146},[84,140729,137],{"class":98},[84,140731,3711],{"class":185},[84,140733,77480],{"class":189},[84,140735,3711],{"class":185},[84,140737,150],{"class":98},[84,140739,140740],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140741,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140745,156],{"class":133},[84,140747,137],{"class":98},[84,140749,43686],{"class":146},[84,140751,150],{"class":98},[20,140753,172],{},[75,140755,140757],{"className":77,"code":140756,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140758,140759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140760,140761,140763,140765,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140785,140787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140762,182],{"class":98},[84,140764,186],{"class":185},[84,140766,140767],{"class":189},"2024",[84,140769,186],{"class":185},[84,140771,106],{"class":98},[84,140773,196],{"class":185},[84,140775,437],{"class":189},[84,140777,186],{"class":185},[84,140779,106],{"class":98},[84,140781,196],{"class":185},[84,140783,140784],{"class":189},"31",[84,140786,186],{"class":185},[84,140788,122],{"class":98},[20,140790,140791],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140793,140794,140795,307],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[303,140796,129637],{"href":129636},[70,140798,595,140800],{"id":140799},"using-maxsplit",[15,140801,140208],{},[20,140803,140804,140806],{},[15,140805,140208],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140808,140809],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140811,814],{},[75,140813,140815],{"className":77,"code":140814,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140816,140817,140830,140856,140860],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140818,140819,140821,140823,140825,140828],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140820,35526],{"class":90},[84,140822,95],{"class":94},[84,140824,4211],{"class":185},[84,140826,140827],{"class":189},"name:age:city:country",[84,140829,4217],{"class":185},[84,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140833,43654],{"class":90},[84,140835,95],{"class":94},[84,140837,43659],{"class":90},[84,140839,307],{"class":98},[84,140841,35307],{"class":146},[84,140843,137],{"class":98},[84,140845,3711],{"class":185},[84,140847,3743],{"class":189},[84,140849,3711],{"class":185},[84,140851,106],{"class":98},[84,140853,109],{"class":102},[84,140855,150],{"class":98},[84,140857,140858],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,140859,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,140863,156],{"class":133},[84,140865,137],{"class":98},[84,140867,43686],{"class":146},[84,140869,150],{"class":98},[20,140871,172],{},[75,140873,140875],{"className":77,"code":140874,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140876,140877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140878,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140902,140904],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140880,182],{"class":98},[84,140882,186],{"class":185},[84,140884,8508],{"class":189},[84,140886,186],{"class":185},[84,140888,106],{"class":98},[84,140890,196],{"class":185},[84,140892,10139],{"class":189},[84,140894,186],{"class":185},[84,140896,106],{"class":98},[84,140898,196],{"class":185},[84,140900,140901],{"class":189},"city:country",[84,140903,186],{"class":185},[84,140905,122],{"class":98},[20,140907,974],{},[30,140909,140910,140915,140920],{},[33,140911,140912,140913],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140914,3743],{},[33,140916,140917,140918],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140919,3743],{},[33,140921,140922],{},"then stops",[20,140924,140925],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140927,52896],{},[75,140929,140931],{"className":77,"code":140930,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140932,140933,140946],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140934,140935,140937,140939,140941,140944],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140936,35526],{"class":90},[84,140938,95],{"class":94},[84,140940,4211],{"class":185},[84,140942,140943],{"class":189},"apple banana cherry grape",[84,140945,4217],{"class":185},[84,140947,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,140949,156],{"class":133},[84,140951,137],{"class":98},[84,140953,35547],{"class":146},[84,140955,307],{"class":98},[84,140957,35307],{"class":146},[84,140959,137],{"class":98},[84,140961,3711],{"class":185},[84,140963,4211],{"class":185},[84,140965,106],{"class":98},[84,140967,6341],{"class":102},[84,140969,169],{"class":98},[20,140971,172],{},[75,140973,140975],{"className":77,"code":140974,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140976,140977],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,140978,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140994,140996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,140980,182],{"class":98},[84,140982,186],{"class":185},[84,140984,4928],{"class":189},[84,140986,186],{"class":185},[84,140988,106],{"class":98},[84,140990,196],{"class":185},[84,140992,140993],{"class":189},"banana cherry grape",[84,140995,186],{"class":185},[84,140997,122],{"class":98},[70,140999,235,141001,12548],{"id":141000},"what-split-returns",[15,141002,61348],{},[20,141004,141005,141006,141008,141009,307],{},"The result of ",[15,141007,61348],{}," is always a ",[53,141010,161],{},[20,141012,141013],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,141015,814],{},[75,141017,141019],{"className":77,"code":141018,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,141020,141021,141034,141056,141060,141070,141084],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141022,141023,141025,141027,141029,141032],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141024,35526],{"class":90},[84,141026,95],{"class":94},[84,141028,4211],{"class":185},[84,141030,141031],{"class":189},"cat,dog,bird",[84,141033,4217],{"class":185},[84,141035,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141037,43654],{"class":90},[84,141039,95],{"class":94},[84,141041,43659],{"class":90},[84,141043,307],{"class":98},[84,141045,35307],{"class":146},[84,141047,137],{"class":98},[84,141049,3711],{"class":185},[84,141051,106],{"class":189},[84,141053,3711],{"class":185},[84,141055,150],{"class":98},[84,141057,141058],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141059,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,141061,141062,141064,141066,141068],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141063,156],{"class":133},[84,141065,137],{"class":98},[84,141067,43686],{"class":146},[84,141069,150],{"class":98},[84,141071,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,141073,156],{"class":133},[84,141075,137],{"class":98},[84,141077,2624],{"class":140},[84,141079,137],{"class":98},[84,141081,43686],{"class":146},[84,141083,169],{"class":98},[84,141085,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,141087,156],{"class":133},[84,141089,137],{"class":98},[84,141091,43686],{"class":146},[84,141093,182],{"class":98},[84,141095,2983],{"class":102},[84,141097,4737],{"class":98},[20,141099,172],{},[75,141101,141103],{"className":77,"code":141102,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,141104,141105,141133,141147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141106,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141108,182],{"class":98},[84,141110,186],{"class":185},[84,141112,37884],{"class":189},[84,141114,186],{"class":185},[84,141116,106],{"class":98},[84,141118,196],{"class":185},[84,141120,58943],{"class":189},[84,141122,186],{"class":185},[84,141124,106],{"class":98},[84,141126,196],{"class":185},[84,141128,58960],{"class":189},[84,141130,186],{"class":185},[84,141132,122],{"class":98},[84,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141136,1251],{"class":94},[84,141138,4152],{"class":614},[84,141140,196],{"class":185},[84,141142,161],{"class":189},[84,141144,186],{"class":185},[84,141146,1270],{"class":94},[84,141148,141149],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141150,86067],{"class":90},[20,141152,141153],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,141155,141156,141159,141162],{},[33,141157,141158],{},"loop over it",[33,141160,141161],{},"access items by index",[33,141163,141164],{},"combine items again later",[20,141166,141167,141168,307],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[303,141169,126953,141171,11583],{"href":141170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141172,134035],{},[20,141174,814],{},[75,141176,141178],{"className":77,"code":141177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141179,141180,141212,141234,141238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141181,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141183,43654],{"class":90},[84,141185,95],{"class":94},[84,141187,99],{"class":98},[84,141189,186],{"class":185},[84,141191,37884],{"class":189},[84,141193,186],{"class":185},[84,141195,106],{"class":98},[84,141197,196],{"class":185},[84,141199,58943],{"class":189},[84,141201,186],{"class":185},[84,141203,106],{"class":98},[84,141205,196],{"class":185},[84,141207,58960],{"class":189},[84,141209,186],{"class":185},[84,141211,122],{"class":98},[84,141213,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228,141230,141232],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141215,35526],{"class":90},[84,141217,95],{"class":94},[84,141219,4211],{"class":185},[84,141221,2888],{"class":189},[84,141223,3711],{"class":185},[84,141225,307],{"class":98},[84,141227,134112],{"class":146},[84,141229,137],{"class":98},[84,141231,43686],{"class":146},[84,141233,150],{"class":98},[84,141235,141236],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141237,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,141239,141240,141242,141244,141246],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141241,156],{"class":133},[84,141243,137],{"class":98},[84,141245,35547],{"class":146},[84,141247,150],{"class":98},[20,141249,172],{},[75,141251,141253],{"className":77,"code":141252,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141254,141255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141256,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141258,37884],{"class":90},[84,141260,2888],{"class":94},[84,141262,58943],{"class":90},[84,141264,2888],{"class":94},[84,141266,141267],{"class":90},"bird\n",[70,141269,141271],{"id":141270},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141273,141274],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[995,141276,141278],{"id":141277},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[75,141280,141282],{"className":77,"code":141281,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141283,141284,141292],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141285,141286,141288,141290],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141287,35526],{"class":90},[84,141289,95],{"class":94},[84,141291,8721],{"class":185},[84,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141295,156],{"class":133},[84,141297,137],{"class":98},[84,141299,35547],{"class":146},[84,141301,307],{"class":98},[84,141303,35307],{"class":146},[84,141305,8033],{"class":98},[20,141307,172],{},[75,141309,141310],{"className":77,"code":1596,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,141311,141312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141313,141314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141315,1596],{"class":98},[995,141317,141319],{"id":141318},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[75,141321,141323],{"className":77,"code":141322,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141324,141325,141333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141326,141327,141329,141331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141328,35526],{"class":90},[84,141330,95],{"class":94},[84,141332,8721],{"class":185},[84,141334,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141336,156],{"class":133},[84,141338,137],{"class":98},[84,141340,35547],{"class":146},[84,141342,307],{"class":98},[84,141344,35307],{"class":146},[84,141346,137],{"class":98},[84,141348,3711],{"class":185},[84,141350,106],{"class":189},[84,141352,3711],{"class":185},[84,141354,169],{"class":98},[20,141356,172],{},[75,141358,141360],{"className":77,"code":141359,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['']\n",[15,141361,141362],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141363,141364,141366,141368],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141365,182],{"class":98},[84,141367,4625],{"class":185},[84,141369,122],{"class":98},[995,141371,141373],{"id":141372},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141375,141376],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[75,141378,141380],{"className":77,"code":141379,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141381,141382,141394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141383,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141385,35526],{"class":90},[84,141387,95],{"class":94},[84,141389,4211],{"class":185},[84,141391,4697],{"class":189},[84,141393,4217],{"class":185},[84,141395,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141397,156],{"class":133},[84,141399,137],{"class":98},[84,141401,35547],{"class":146},[84,141403,307],{"class":98},[84,141405,35307],{"class":146},[84,141407,137],{"class":98},[84,141409,3711],{"class":185},[84,141411,106],{"class":189},[84,141413,3711],{"class":185},[84,141415,169],{"class":98},[20,141417,172],{},[75,141419,141421],{"className":77,"code":141420,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"['hello']\n",[15,141422,141423],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141426,182],{"class":98},[84,141428,186],{"class":185},[84,141430,4697],{"class":189},[84,141432,186],{"class":185},[84,141434,122],{"class":98},[70,141436,1741,141438],{"id":141437},"when-to-use-split",[15,141439,61348],{},[20,141441,224,141442,141444],{},[15,141443,61348],{}," when you need to:",[30,141446,141447,141450,141453],{},[33,141448,141449],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,141451,141452],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,141454,141455],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141457,141458],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,141460,141461,141464,141467],{},[33,141462,141463],{},"cleaning text",[33,141465,141466],{},"parsing user input",[33,141468,141469],{},"processing simple file content",[70,141471,3686],{"id":3685},[20,141473,84838],{},[30,141475,141476,141480,141486,141489,141497],{},[33,141477,51321,141478,132173],{},[15,141479,61348],{},[33,141481,141482,141483,141485],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141484,61348],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,141487,141488],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,141490,141491,141492,141494,141495],{},"assuming ",[15,141493,140431],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141496,61348],{},[33,141498,141499],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141501,141502],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[75,141504,141506],{"className":77,"code":141505,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141507,141508,141520,141538,141542],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141509,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141511,35526],{"class":90},[84,141513,95],{"class":94},[84,141515,4211],{"class":185},[84,141517,43647],{"class":189},[84,141519,4217],{"class":185},[84,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141523,35547],{"class":90},[84,141525,307],{"class":98},[84,141527,35307],{"class":146},[84,141529,137],{"class":98},[84,141531,3711],{"class":185},[84,141533,106],{"class":189},[84,141535,3711],{"class":185},[84,141537,150],{"class":98},[84,141539,141540],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141541,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,141543,141544,141546,141548,141550],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141545,156],{"class":133},[84,141547,137],{"class":98},[84,141549,35547],{"class":146},[84,141551,150],{"class":98},[20,141553,172],{},[75,141555,141557],{"className":77,"code":141556,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a,b,c\n",[15,141558,141559],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141560,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141562,303],{"class":90},[84,141564,106],{"class":98},[84,141566,5608],{"class":90},[84,141568,106],{"class":98},[84,141570,70060],{"class":90},[20,141572,141573],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141575,11650],{},[75,141577,141578],{"className":77,"code":43634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,141579,141580,141592,141614,141618],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141581,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141583,35526],{"class":90},[84,141585,95],{"class":94},[84,141587,4211],{"class":185},[84,141589,43647],{"class":189},[84,141591,4217],{"class":185},[84,141593,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141595,43654],{"class":90},[84,141597,95],{"class":94},[84,141599,43659],{"class":90},[84,141601,307],{"class":98},[84,141603,35307],{"class":146},[84,141605,137],{"class":98},[84,141607,3711],{"class":185},[84,141609,106],{"class":189},[84,141611,3711],{"class":185},[84,141613,150],{"class":98},[84,141615,141616],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141617,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,141619,141620,141622,141624,141626],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141621,156],{"class":133},[84,141623,137],{"class":98},[84,141625,43686],{"class":146},[84,141627,150],{"class":98},[20,141629,172],{},[75,141631,141632],{"className":77,"code":43693,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,141633,141634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141635,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141637,182],{"class":98},[84,141639,186],{"class":185},[84,141641,303],{"class":189},[84,141643,186],{"class":185},[84,141645,106],{"class":98},[84,141647,196],{"class":185},[84,141649,5608],{"class":189},[84,141651,186],{"class":185},[84,141653,106],{"class":98},[84,141655,196],{"class":185},[84,141657,10580],{"class":189},[84,141659,186],{"class":185},[84,141661,122],{"class":98},[20,141663,141664],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[75,141666,141668],{"className":77,"code":141667,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141669,141670,141683,141705,141709],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141671,141672,141674,141676,141678,141681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141673,35526],{"class":90},[84,141675,95],{"class":94},[84,141677,4211],{"class":185},[84,141679,141680],{"class":189},"apple,banana",[84,141682,4217],{"class":185},[84,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141686,43654],{"class":90},[84,141688,95],{"class":94},[84,141690,43659],{"class":90},[84,141692,307],{"class":98},[84,141694,35307],{"class":146},[84,141696,137],{"class":98},[84,141698,3711],{"class":185},[84,141700,106],{"class":189},[84,141702,3711],{"class":185},[84,141704,150],{"class":98},[84,141706,141707],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141708,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,141710,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141712,156],{"class":133},[84,141714,137],{"class":98},[84,141716,43686],{"class":146},[84,141718,182],{"class":98},[84,141720,199],{"class":102},[84,141722,4737],{"class":98},[20,141724,141725,141726,307],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[303,141727,70073],{"href":70072},[995,141729,61527],{"id":61526},[20,141731,2583,141732,141734],{},[15,141733,61348],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[75,141736,141738],{"className":77,"code":141737,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141739,141740,141750,141764,141786,141812],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,141741,141742,141744,141746,141748],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,141743,156],{"class":133},[84,141745,137],{"class":98},[84,141747,35547],{"class":146},[84,141749,150],{"class":98},[84,141751,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,141753,156],{"class":133},[84,141755,137],{"class":98},[84,141757,35547],{"class":146},[84,141759,307],{"class":98},[84,141761,35307],{"class":146},[84,141763,8033],{"class":98},[84,141765,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,141767,156],{"class":133},[84,141769,137],{"class":98},[84,141771,35547],{"class":146},[84,141773,307],{"class":98},[84,141775,35307],{"class":146},[84,141777,137],{"class":98},[84,141779,186],{"class":185},[84,141781,106],{"class":189},[84,141783,186],{"class":185},[84,141785,169],{"class":98},[84,141787,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,141789,156],{"class":133},[84,141791,137],{"class":98},[84,141793,12005],{"class":133},[84,141795,137],{"class":98},[84,141797,35547],{"class":146},[84,141799,307],{"class":98},[84,141801,35307],{"class":146},[84,141803,137],{"class":98},[84,141805,186],{"class":185},[84,141807,106],{"class":189},[84,141809,186],{"class":185},[84,141811,3771],{"class":98},[84,141813,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,141815,156],{"class":133},[84,141817,137],{"class":98},[84,141819,2624],{"class":140},[84,141821,137],{"class":98},[84,141823,35547],{"class":146},[84,141825,307],{"class":98},[84,141827,35307],{"class":146},[84,141829,137],{"class":98},[84,141831,186],{"class":185},[84,141833,106],{"class":189},[84,141835,186],{"class":185},[84,141837,3771],{"class":98},[20,141839,12014],{},[30,141841,141842,141845,141848,141851],{},[33,141843,141844],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,141846,141847],{},"which separator works",[33,141849,141850],{},"how many items were created",[33,141852,141853],{},"that the result is a list",[70,141855,2694],{"id":2693},[995,141857,6024,141859,5241,141861,3348],{"id":141858},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141860,61348],{},[15,141862,140431],{},[20,141864,141865,141867],{},[15,141866,61348],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141869,141870,141872],{},[15,141871,140431],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[995,141874,2698,141876,125280],{"id":141875},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141877,61348],{},[20,141879,141880,141881,57294],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141882,61348],{},[995,141884,5987,141886,40780],{"id":141885},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141887,140208],{},[20,141889,141890],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[995,141892,141894],{"id":141893},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141896,29902,141897,141899],{},[15,141898,61348],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[70,141901,2751],{"id":2750},[30,141903,141904,141908,141914,141920,141924],{},[33,141905,141906],{},[303,141907,130558],{"href":129636},[33,141909,141910],{},[303,141911,126953,141912,11583],{"href":141170},[15,141913,134035],{},[33,141915,141916],{},[303,141917,126953,141918,11583],{"href":137523},[15,141919,42471],{},[33,141921,141922],{},[303,141923,125708],{"href":51791},[33,141925,141926],{},[303,141927,70073],{"href":70072},[2785,141929,141930],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":141932},[141933,141934,141936,141937,141942,141943,141945,141947,141952,141954,141957,141966],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":140038,"depth":125,"text":141935},"What split() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":140286,"depth":125,"text":141938,"children":141939},"Using split() with no separator",[141940],{"id":140426,"depth":153,"text":141941},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140589,"depth":125,"text":140590},{"id":140799,"depth":125,"text":141944},"Using maxsplit",{"id":141000,"depth":125,"text":141946},"What split() returns",{"id":141270,"depth":125,"text":141271,"children":141948},[141949,141950,141951],{"id":141277,"depth":153,"text":141278},{"id":141318,"depth":153,"text":141319},{"id":141372,"depth":153,"text":141373},{"id":141437,"depth":125,"text":141953},"When to use split()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":141955},[141956],{"id":61526,"depth":153,"text":61527},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":141958},[141959,141961,141963,141965],{"id":141858,"depth":153,"text":141960},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141875,"depth":153,"text":141962},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141885,"depth":153,"text":141964},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141893,"depth":153,"text":141894},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139947,"description":141967},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141974,"title":141975,"body":141976,"description":143919,"extension":2830,"meta":143920,"navigation":472,"path":143921,"seo":143922,"stem":143923,"__hash__":143924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141977,"toc":143878},[141978,141983,141988,141995,142068,142073,142078,142083,142099,142101,142171,142173,142175,142195,142197,142242,142247,142249,142347,142352,142356,142361,142365,142368,142410,142414,142417,142462,142466,142469,142519,142523,142528,142580,142582,142587,142598,142603,142683,142685,142697,142706,142713,142728,142730,142845,142851,142855,142858,142863,143005,143008,143015,143017,143021,143029,143098,143104,143153,143158,143163,143165,143185,143187,143253,143255,143259,143262,143266,143307,143309,143342,143347,143350,143377,143379,143422,143429,143434,143444,143510,143514,143522,143527,143578,143582,143585,143587,143596,143598,143648,143650,143757,143759,143764,143771,143777,143780,143811,143816,143818,143825,143833,143842,143845,143847,143875],[10,141979,123953,141981,12166],{"id":141980},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141982,128321],{},[20,141984,123958,141985,141987],{},[15,141986,128321],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141989,127019,141990,3736,141992,141994],{},[15,141991,4459],{},[15,141993,4528],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[75,141996,141998],{"className":77,"code":141997,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141999,142000,142013,142017,142042],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142001,142002,142004,142006,142008,142011],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142003,35526],{"class":90},[84,142005,95],{"class":94},[84,142007,4211],{"class":185},[84,142009,142010],{"class":189},"Python Beginner Help",[84,142012,4217],{"class":185},[84,142014,142015],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142016,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142018,142019,142021,142023,142025,142027,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142020,156],{"class":133},[84,142022,137],{"class":98},[84,142024,35547],{"class":146},[84,142026,307],{"class":98},[84,142028,142029],{"class":146},"startswith",[84,142031,137],{"class":98},[84,142033,3711],{"class":185},[84,142035,8136],{"class":189},[84,142037,3711],{"class":185},[84,142039,6204],{"class":98},[84,142041,44673],{"class":4517},[84,142043,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142061,142063,142065],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142045,156],{"class":133},[84,142047,137],{"class":98},[84,142049,35547],{"class":146},[84,142051,307],{"class":98},[84,142053,142029],{"class":146},[84,142055,137],{"class":98},[84,142057,3711],{"class":185},[84,142059,142060],{"class":189},"Beginner",[84,142062,3711],{"class":185},[84,142064,6204],{"class":98},[84,142066,142067],{"class":4517}," # False\n",[20,142069,224,142070,142072],{},[15,142071,128321],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[70,142074,235,142076,238],{"id":142075},"what-startswith-does",[15,142077,128321],{},[20,142079,142080,142082],{},[15,142081,128321],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,142084,142085,142088,142094,142096],{},[33,142086,142087],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,142089,5993,142090,3736,142092],{},[15,142091,4459],{},[15,142093,4528],{},[33,142095,124096],{},[33,142097,142098],{},"It works only on strings",[20,142100,814],{},[75,142102,142104],{"className":77,"code":142103,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,142105,142106,142118,142122,142147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142107,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142109,8716],{"class":90},[84,142111,95],{"class":94},[84,142113,4211],{"class":185},[84,142115,8136],{"class":189},[84,142117,4217],{"class":185},[84,142119,142120],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142121,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142123,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142141,142143,142145],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142125,156],{"class":133},[84,142127,137],{"class":98},[84,142129,8508],{"class":146},[84,142131,307],{"class":98},[84,142133,142029],{"class":146},[84,142135,137],{"class":98},[84,142137,3711],{"class":185},[84,142139,142140],{"class":189},"Py",[84,142142,3711],{"class":185},[84,142144,6204],{"class":98},[84,142146,44673],{"class":4517},[84,142148,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142150,156],{"class":133},[84,142152,137],{"class":98},[84,142154,8508],{"class":146},[84,142156,307],{"class":98},[84,142158,142029],{"class":146},[84,142160,137],{"class":98},[84,142162,3711],{"class":185},[84,142164,129399],{"class":189},[84,142166,3711],{"class":185},[84,142168,6204],{"class":98},[84,142170,44690],{"class":4517},[70,142172,311],{"id":310},[20,142174,43202],{},[75,142176,142178],{"className":77,"code":142177,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142179,142180],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142181,142182,142184,142186,142188,142190,142193],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142183,61991],{"class":90},[84,142185,307],{"class":98},[84,142187,142029],{"class":146},[84,142189,137],{"class":98},[84,142191,142192],{"class":146},"prefix",[84,142194,150],{"class":98},[20,142196,31605],{},[75,142198,142200],{"className":77,"code":142199,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142201,142202,142220],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142203,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142205,61991],{"class":90},[84,142207,307],{"class":98},[84,142209,142029],{"class":146},[84,142211,137],{"class":98},[84,142213,142192],{"class":146},[84,142215,106],{"class":98},[84,142217,36889],{"class":146},[84,142219,150],{"class":98},[84,142221,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142223,61991],{"class":90},[84,142225,307],{"class":98},[84,142227,142029],{"class":146},[84,142229,137],{"class":98},[84,142231,142192],{"class":146},[84,142233,106],{"class":98},[84,142235,36889],{"class":146},[84,142237,106],{"class":98},[84,142239,65857],{"class":146},[84,142241,150],{"class":98},[20,142243,21613,142244,142246],{},[15,142245,142192],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142248,814],{},[75,142250,142252],{"className":77,"code":142251,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142253,142254,142266,142270,142295,142319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142255,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142257,35526],{"class":90},[84,142259,95],{"class":94},[84,142261,4211],{"class":185},[84,142263,61223],{"class":189},[84,142265,4217],{"class":185},[84,142267,142268],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142269,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142271,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142273,156],{"class":133},[84,142275,137],{"class":98},[84,142277,35547],{"class":146},[84,142279,307],{"class":98},[84,142281,142029],{"class":146},[84,142283,137],{"class":98},[84,142285,3711],{"class":185},[84,142287,4697],{"class":189},[84,142289,3711],{"class":185},[84,142291,6204],{"class":98},[84,142293,142294],{"class":4517},"      # True\n",[84,142296,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142298,156],{"class":133},[84,142300,137],{"class":98},[84,142302,35547],{"class":146},[84,142304,307],{"class":98},[84,142306,142029],{"class":146},[84,142308,137],{"class":98},[84,142310,3711],{"class":185},[84,142312,61408],{"class":189},[84,142314,3711],{"class":185},[84,142316,6204],{"class":98},[84,142318,22043],{"class":4517},[84,142320,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,142322,156],{"class":133},[84,142324,137],{"class":98},[84,142326,35547],{"class":146},[84,142328,307],{"class":98},[84,142330,142029],{"class":146},[84,142332,137],{"class":98},[84,142334,3711],{"class":185},[84,142336,61408],{"class":189},[84,142338,3711],{"class":185},[84,142340,106],{"class":98},[84,142342,733],{"class":102},[84,142344,6204],{"class":98},[84,142346,44673],{"class":4517},[20,142348,142349,142350,307],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[303,142351,125708],{"href":51791},[70,142353,142355],{"id":142354},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142357,142358,142360],{},[15,142359,128321],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[995,142362,142363],{"id":142192},[15,142364,142192],{},[20,142366,142367],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[75,142369,142371],{"className":77,"code":142370,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142372,142373,142385],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142374,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142376,35526],{"class":90},[84,142378,95],{"class":94},[84,142380,4211],{"class":185},[84,142382,4937],{"class":189},[84,142384,4217],{"class":185},[84,142386,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142404,142406,142408],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142388,156],{"class":133},[84,142390,137],{"class":98},[84,142392,35547],{"class":146},[84,142394,307],{"class":98},[84,142396,142029],{"class":146},[84,142398,137],{"class":98},[84,142400,3711],{"class":185},[84,142402,142403],{"class":189},"ban",[84,142405,3711],{"class":185},[84,142407,6204],{"class":98},[84,142409,4518],{"class":4517},[995,142411,142412],{"id":36910},[15,142413,36910],{},[20,142415,142416],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[75,142418,142420],{"className":77,"code":142419,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142421,142422,142434],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142423,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142425,35526],{"class":90},[84,142427,95],{"class":94},[84,142429,4211],{"class":185},[84,142431,61223],{"class":189},[84,142433,4217],{"class":185},[84,142435,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142437,156],{"class":133},[84,142439,137],{"class":98},[84,142441,35547],{"class":146},[84,142443,307],{"class":98},[84,142445,142029],{"class":146},[84,142447,137],{"class":98},[84,142449,3711],{"class":185},[84,142451,61408],{"class":189},[84,142453,3711],{"class":185},[84,142455,106],{"class":98},[84,142457,733],{"class":102},[84,142459,6204],{"class":98},[84,142461,4518],{"class":4517},[995,142463,142464],{"id":53477},[15,142465,53477],{},[20,142467,142468],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[75,142470,142472],{"className":77,"code":142471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142473,142474,142486],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142475,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142477,35526],{"class":90},[84,142479,95],{"class":94},[84,142481,4211],{"class":185},[84,142483,61223],{"class":189},[84,142485,4217],{"class":185},[84,142487,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142489,156],{"class":133},[84,142491,137],{"class":98},[84,142493,35547],{"class":146},[84,142495,307],{"class":98},[84,142497,142029],{"class":146},[84,142499,137],{"class":98},[84,142501,3711],{"class":185},[84,142503,142504],{"class":189},"wor",[84,142506,3711],{"class":185},[84,142508,106],{"class":98},[84,142510,733],{"class":102},[84,142512,106],{"class":98},[84,142514,54952],{"class":102},[84,142516,6204],{"class":98},[84,142518,4518],{"class":4517},[995,142520,142522],{"id":142521},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142524,142525,142527],{},[15,142526,142192],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[75,142529,142531],{"className":77,"code":142530,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142532,142533,142546],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142544],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142536,127036],{"class":90},[84,142538,95],{"class":94},[84,142540,4211],{"class":185},[84,142542,142543],{"class":189},"img_001.png",[84,142545,4217],{"class":185},[84,142547,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142565,142567,142569,142571,142574,142576,142578],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142549,156],{"class":133},[84,142551,137],{"class":98},[84,142553,127054],{"class":146},[84,142555,307],{"class":98},[84,142557,142029],{"class":146},[84,142559,6354],{"class":98},[84,142561,3711],{"class":185},[84,142563,142564],{"class":189},"img_",[84,142566,3711],{"class":185},[84,142568,106],{"class":98},[84,142570,4211],{"class":185},[84,142572,142573],{"class":189},"photo_",[84,142575,3711],{"class":185},[84,142577,51907],{"class":98},[84,142579,4518],{"class":4517},[70,142581,18259],{"id":18258},[20,142583,142584,142586],{},[15,142585,128321],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,142588,142589,142594],{},[33,142590,142591,142593],{},[15,142592,4459],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,142595,142596,127638],{},[15,142597,4528],{},[20,142599,142600,142601,8011],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142602,7836],{},[75,142604,142606],{"className":77,"code":142605,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142607,142608,142622,142626,142647,142662,142668],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142609,142610,142613,142615,142617,142620],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142611,142612],{"class":90},"command ",[84,142614,95],{"class":94},[84,142616,4211],{"class":185},[84,142618,142619],{"class":189},"\u002Fhelp",[84,142621,4217],{"class":185},[84,142623,142624],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142625,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142627,142628,142630,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142629,7836],{"class":633},[84,142631,142632],{"class":90}," command",[84,142634,307],{"class":98},[84,142636,142029],{"class":146},[84,142638,137],{"class":98},[84,142640,3711],{"class":185},[84,142642,127845],{"class":189},[84,142644,3711],{"class":185},[84,142646,628],{"class":98},[84,142648,142649,142651,142653,142655,142658,142660],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142650,1445],{"class":133},[84,142652,137],{"class":98},[84,142654,3711],{"class":185},[84,142656,142657],{"class":189},"This looks like a command.",[84,142659,3711],{"class":185},[84,142661,150],{"class":98},[84,142663,142664,142666],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,142665,28274],{"class":633},[84,142667,1440],{"class":98},[84,142669,142670,142672,142674,142676,142679,142681],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,142671,1445],{"class":133},[84,142673,137],{"class":98},[84,142675,3711],{"class":185},[84,142677,142678],{"class":189},"This is normal text.",[84,142680,3711],{"class":185},[84,142682,150],{"class":98},[20,142684,172],{},[75,142686,142688],{"className":77,"code":142687,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142689,142690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142691,142692,142695],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142693,142694],{"class":90},"This looks like a command",[84,142696,122985],{"class":98},[70,142698,595,142700,9544,142702,5241,142704],{"id":142699},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142701,128321],{},[15,142703,36910],{},[15,142705,53477],{},[20,142707,2847,142708,5241,142710,142712],{},[15,142709,36910],{},[15,142711,53477],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,142714,142715,142720,142725],{},[33,142716,142717,142719],{},[15,142718,36910],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,142721,142722,142724],{},[15,142723,53477],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,142726,142727],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142729,814],{},[75,142731,142733],{"className":77,"code":142732,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142734,142735,142747,142751,142780,142813],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142736,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142738,35526],{"class":90},[84,142740,95],{"class":94},[84,142742,4211],{"class":185},[84,142744,140232],{"class":189},[84,142746,4217],{"class":185},[84,142748,142749],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142750,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142752,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142754,156],{"class":133},[84,142756,137],{"class":98},[84,142758,35547],{"class":146},[84,142760,307],{"class":98},[84,142762,142029],{"class":146},[84,142764,137],{"class":98},[84,142766,3711],{"class":185},[84,142768,80084],{"class":189},[84,142770,3711],{"class":185},[84,142772,106],{"class":98},[84,142774,119],{"class":102},[84,142776,6204],{"class":98},[84,142778,142779],{"class":4517},"        # True\n",[84,142781,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142809,142811],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142783,156],{"class":133},[84,142785,137],{"class":98},[84,142787,35547],{"class":146},[84,142789,307],{"class":98},[84,142791,142029],{"class":146},[84,142793,137],{"class":98},[84,142795,3711],{"class":185},[84,142797,134839],{"class":189},[84,142799,3711],{"class":185},[84,142801,106],{"class":98},[84,142803,738],{"class":102},[84,142805,106],{"class":98},[84,142807,142808],{"class":102}," 13",[84,142810,6204],{"class":98},[84,142812,4518],{"class":4517},[84,142814,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,142816,156],{"class":133},[84,142818,137],{"class":98},[84,142820,35547],{"class":146},[84,142822,307],{"class":98},[84,142824,142029],{"class":146},[84,142826,137],{"class":98},[84,142828,3711],{"class":185},[84,142830,134839],{"class":189},[84,142832,3711],{"class":185},[84,142834,106],{"class":98},[84,142836,738],{"class":102},[84,142838,106],{"class":98},[84,142840,31784],{"class":102},[84,142842,6204],{"class":98},[84,142844,5619],{"class":4517},[20,142846,142847,142848,142850],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142849,53477],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[70,142852,142854],{"id":142853},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142856,142857],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142859,142860,142861,50163],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142862,41654],{},[75,142864,142866],{"className":77,"code":142865,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142867,142868,142882,142896,142910,142914,142938,142942,142963,142984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,142869,142870,142873,142875,142877,142880],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,142871,142872],{"class":90},"filename1 ",[84,142874,95],{"class":94},[84,142876,4211],{"class":185},[84,142878,142879],{"class":189},"img_101.jpg",[84,142881,4217],{"class":185},[84,142883,142884,142887,142889,142891,142894],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,142885,142886],{"class":90},"filename2 ",[84,142888,95],{"class":94},[84,142890,4211],{"class":185},[84,142892,142893],{"class":189},"photo_202.jpg",[84,142895,4217],{"class":185},[84,142897,142898,142901,142903,142905,142908],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,142899,142900],{"class":90},"filename3 ",[84,142902,95],{"class":94},[84,142904,4211],{"class":185},[84,142906,142907],{"class":189},"doc_303.jpg",[84,142909,4217],{"class":185},[84,142911,142912],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,142913,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142915,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,142917,128248],{"class":90},[84,142919,95],{"class":94},[84,142921,10076],{"class":98},[84,142923,3711],{"class":185},[84,142925,142564],{"class":189},[84,142927,3711],{"class":185},[84,142929,106],{"class":98},[84,142931,4211],{"class":185},[84,142933,142573],{"class":189},[84,142935,3711],{"class":185},[84,142937,150],{"class":98},[84,142939,142940],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,142941,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,142943,142944,142946,142948,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,142945,156],{"class":133},[84,142947,137],{"class":98},[84,142949,142950],{"class":146},"filename1",[84,142952,307],{"class":98},[84,142954,142029],{"class":146},[84,142956,137],{"class":98},[84,142958,128300],{"class":146},[84,142960,6204],{"class":98},[84,142962,4518],{"class":4517},[84,142964,142965,142967,142969,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,142966,156],{"class":133},[84,142968,137],{"class":98},[84,142970,142971],{"class":146},"filename2",[84,142973,307],{"class":98},[84,142975,142029],{"class":146},[84,142977,137],{"class":98},[84,142979,128300],{"class":146},[84,142981,6204],{"class":98},[84,142983,4518],{"class":4517},[84,142985,142986,142988,142990,142993,142995,142997,142999,143001,143003],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,142987,156],{"class":133},[84,142989,137],{"class":98},[84,142991,142992],{"class":146},"filename3",[84,142994,307],{"class":98},[84,142996,142029],{"class":146},[84,142998,137],{"class":98},[84,143000,128300],{"class":146},[84,143002,6204],{"class":98},[84,143004,5619],{"class":4517},[20,143006,143007],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,143009,75586,143010,143014],{},[303,143011,126953,143012,11583],{"href":130547},[15,143013,127011],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[70,143016,124600],{"id":124599},[20,143018,143019,124411],{},[15,143020,128321],{},[20,143022,127998,143023,5241,143026,128005],{},[15,143024,143025],{},"\"Python\"",[15,143027,143028],{},"\"python\"",[75,143030,143032],{"className":77,"code":143031,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,143033,143034,143046,143050,143074],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143035,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143037,35526],{"class":90},[84,143039,95],{"class":94},[84,143041,4211],{"class":185},[84,143043,8136],{"class":189},[84,143045,4217],{"class":185},[84,143047,143048],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143049,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143051,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143053,156],{"class":133},[84,143055,137],{"class":98},[84,143057,35547],{"class":146},[84,143059,307],{"class":98},[84,143061,142029],{"class":146},[84,143063,137],{"class":98},[84,143065,3711],{"class":185},[84,143067,142140],{"class":189},[84,143069,3711],{"class":185},[84,143071,6204],{"class":98},[84,143073,4518],{"class":4517},[84,143075,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,143077,156],{"class":133},[84,143079,137],{"class":98},[84,143081,35547],{"class":146},[84,143083,307],{"class":98},[84,143085,142029],{"class":146},[84,143087,137],{"class":98},[84,143089,3711],{"class":185},[84,143091,129399],{"class":189},[84,143093,3711],{"class":185},[84,143095,6204],{"class":98},[84,143097,5619],{"class":4517},[20,143099,128090,143100,307],{},[303,143101,143102],{"href":124680},[15,143103,124683],{},[75,143105,143107],{"className":77,"code":143106,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,143108,143109,143121,143125],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143110,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143112,35526],{"class":90},[84,143114,95],{"class":94},[84,143116,4211],{"class":185},[84,143118,8136],{"class":189},[84,143120,4217],{"class":185},[84,143122,143123],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143124,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143126,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143128,156],{"class":133},[84,143130,137],{"class":98},[84,143132,35547],{"class":146},[84,143134,307],{"class":98},[84,143136,9479],{"class":146},[84,143138,9476],{"class":98},[84,143140,142029],{"class":146},[84,143142,137],{"class":98},[84,143144,3711],{"class":185},[84,143146,129399],{"class":189},[84,143148,3711],{"class":185},[84,143150,6204],{"class":98},[84,143152,4518],{"class":4517},[70,143154,1741,143156],{"id":143155},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143157,128321],{},[20,143159,143160,143162],{},[15,143161,128321],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143164,10214],{},[30,143166,143167,143170,143173,143182],{},[33,143168,143169],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,143171,143172],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,143174,143175,143176,3736,143179],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143177,143178],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143180,143181],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,143183,143184],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143186,814],{},[75,143188,143190],{"className":77,"code":143189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143191,143192,143205,143209,143238],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143193,143194,143196,143198,143200,143203],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143195,127816],{"class":90},[84,143197,95],{"class":94},[84,143199,4211],{"class":185},[84,143201,143202],{"class":189},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[84,143204,4217],{"class":185},[84,143206,143207],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143208,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143210,143211,143213,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143212,7836],{"class":633},[84,143214,143215],{"class":90}," url",[84,143217,307],{"class":98},[84,143219,142029],{"class":146},[84,143221,6354],{"class":98},[84,143223,3711],{"class":185},[84,143225,143178],{"class":189},[84,143227,3711],{"class":185},[84,143229,106],{"class":98},[84,143231,4211],{"class":185},[84,143233,143181],{"class":189},[84,143235,3711],{"class":185},[84,143237,70377],{"class":98},[84,143239,143240,143242,143244,143246,143249,143251],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,143241,1445],{"class":133},[84,143243,137],{"class":98},[84,143245,3711],{"class":185},[84,143247,143248],{"class":189},"This looks like a web URL.",[84,143250,3711],{"class":185},[84,143252,150],{"class":98},[70,143254,3686],{"id":3685},[20,143256,23937,143257,307],{},[15,143258,128321],{},[995,143260,139393],{"id":143261},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143263,143264,124411],{},[15,143265,128321],{},[75,143267,143269],{"className":77,"code":143268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143270,143271,143283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143272,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143274,35526],{"class":90},[84,143276,95],{"class":94},[84,143278,4211],{"class":185},[84,143280,8136],{"class":189},[84,143282,4217],{"class":185},[84,143284,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293,143295,143297,143299,143301,143303,143305],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143286,156],{"class":133},[84,143288,137],{"class":98},[84,143290,35547],{"class":146},[84,143292,307],{"class":98},[84,143294,142029],{"class":146},[84,143296,137],{"class":98},[84,143298,3711],{"class":185},[84,143300,79],{"class":189},[84,143302,3711],{"class":185},[84,143304,6204],{"class":98},[84,143306,5619],{"class":4517},[20,143308,2129],{},[75,143310,143312],{"className":77,"code":143311,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143313,143314],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143315,143316,143318,143320,143322,143324,143326,143328,143330,143332,143334,143336,143338,143340],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143317,156],{"class":133},[84,143319,137],{"class":98},[84,143321,35547],{"class":146},[84,143323,307],{"class":98},[84,143325,9479],{"class":146},[84,143327,9476],{"class":98},[84,143329,142029],{"class":146},[84,143331,137],{"class":98},[84,143333,3711],{"class":185},[84,143335,79],{"class":189},[84,143337,3711],{"class":185},[84,143339,6204],{"class":98},[84,143341,4518],{"class":4517},[995,143343,30491,143345,137875],{"id":143344},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143346,128321],{},[20,143348,143349],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[75,143351,143353],{"className":77,"code":143352,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143354,143355,143363,143367,143372],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143356,143357,143359,143361],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143358,3304],{"class":90},[84,143360,95],{"class":94},[84,143362,125635],{"class":102},[84,143364,143365],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143366,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143368,143369],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143370,143371],{"class":4517},"# This will cause an error:\n",[84,143373,143374],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,143375,143376],{"class":4517},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143378,2129],{},[75,143380,143382],{"className":77,"code":143381,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143383,143384,143398],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143385,143386,143388,143390,143392,143394,143396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143387,3304],{"class":90},[84,143389,95],{"class":94},[84,143391,49719],{"class":140},[84,143393,137],{"class":98},[84,143395,51061],{"class":102},[84,143397,150],{"class":98},[84,143399,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412,143414,143416,143418,143420],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143401,156],{"class":133},[84,143403,137],{"class":98},[84,143405,3329],{"class":146},[84,143407,307],{"class":98},[84,143409,142029],{"class":146},[84,143411,137],{"class":98},[84,143413,3711],{"class":185},[84,143415,103],{"class":189},[84,143417,3711],{"class":185},[84,143419,6204],{"class":98},[84,143421,4518],{"class":4517},[995,143423,38041,143425,9544,143427],{"id":143424},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143426,128321],{},[15,143428,1434],{},[20,143430,143431,143433],{},[15,143432,128321],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143435,143436,143437,143439,143440,307],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143438,1434],{}," or methods like ",[303,143441,143442],{"href":124963},[15,143443,124948],{},[75,143445,143447],{"className":77,"code":143446,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143448,143449,143461,143465,143489],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143450,143451,143453,143455,143457,143459],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143452,35526],{"class":90},[84,143454,95],{"class":94},[84,143456,4211],{"class":185},[84,143458,61223],{"class":189},[84,143460,4217],{"class":185},[84,143462,143463],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143464,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143466,143467,143469,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485,143487],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143468,156],{"class":133},[84,143470,137],{"class":98},[84,143472,35547],{"class":146},[84,143474,307],{"class":98},[84,143476,142029],{"class":146},[84,143478,137],{"class":98},[84,143480,3711],{"class":185},[84,143482,61408],{"class":189},[84,143484,3711],{"class":185},[84,143486,6204],{"class":98},[84,143488,5619],{"class":4517},[84,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501,143503,143505,143507],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,143492,156],{"class":133},[84,143494,137],{"class":98},[84,143496,3711],{"class":185},[84,143498,61408],{"class":189},[84,143500,3711],{"class":185},[84,143502,22016],{"class":633},[84,143504,43659],{"class":146},[84,143506,1970],{"class":98},[84,143508,143509],{"class":4517},"           # True\n",[20,143511,136427,143512,307],{},[303,143513,127989],{"href":124208},[995,143515,5551,143517,5241,143519,143521],{"id":143516},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143518,36910],{},[15,143520,53477],{}," use index positions",[20,143523,143524,143525,307],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143526,2983],{},[75,143528,143530],{"className":77,"code":143529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143531,143532,143545,143549],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143533,143534,143536,143538,143540,143543],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143535,35526],{"class":90},[84,143537,95],{"class":94},[84,143539,4211],{"class":185},[84,143541,143542],{"class":189},"abcdef",[84,143544,4217],{"class":185},[84,143546,143547],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143548,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,143550,143551,143553,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143552,156],{"class":133},[84,143554,137],{"class":98},[84,143556,35547],{"class":146},[84,143558,307],{"class":98},[84,143560,142029],{"class":146},[84,143562,137],{"class":98},[84,143564,3711],{"class":185},[84,143566,143567],{"class":189},"cd",[84,143569,3711],{"class":185},[84,143571,106],{"class":98},[84,143573,109],{"class":102},[84,143575,6204],{"class":98},[84,143577,4518],{"class":4517},[995,143579,143581],{"id":143580},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143583,143584],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143586,2155],{},[75,143588,143590],{"className":77,"code":143589,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143591,143592],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143593,143594],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143595,143589],{"class":4517},[20,143597,2211],{},[75,143599,143601],{"className":77,"code":143600,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143602,143603,143615],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143604,143605,143607,143609,143611,143613],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143606,35526],{"class":90},[84,143608,95],{"class":94},[84,143610,4211],{"class":185},[84,143612,8136],{"class":189},[84,143614,4217],{"class":185},[84,143616,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143631,143633,143635,143637,143639,143642,143644,143646],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143618,156],{"class":133},[84,143620,137],{"class":98},[84,143622,35547],{"class":146},[84,143624,307],{"class":98},[84,143626,142029],{"class":146},[84,143628,6354],{"class":98},[84,143630,3711],{"class":185},[84,143632,142140],{"class":189},[84,143634,3711],{"class":185},[84,143636,106],{"class":98},[84,143638,4211],{"class":185},[84,143640,143641],{"class":189},"Ja",[84,143643,3711],{"class":185},[84,143645,51907],{"class":98},[84,143647,4518],{"class":4517},[20,143649,32924],{},[75,143651,143653],{"className":77,"code":143652,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143654,143655,143665,143679,143701,143727],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143656,143657,143659,143661,143663],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143658,156],{"class":133},[84,143660,137],{"class":98},[84,143662,35547],{"class":146},[84,143664,150],{"class":98},[84,143666,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143668,156],{"class":133},[84,143670,137],{"class":98},[84,143672,2624],{"class":140},[84,143674,137],{"class":98},[84,143676,35547],{"class":146},[84,143678,169],{"class":98},[84,143680,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143682,156],{"class":133},[84,143684,137],{"class":98},[84,143686,35547],{"class":146},[84,143688,307],{"class":98},[84,143690,142029],{"class":146},[84,143692,137],{"class":98},[84,143694,3711],{"class":185},[84,143696,142140],{"class":189},[84,143698,3711],{"class":185},[84,143700,169],{"class":98},[84,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,143704,156],{"class":133},[84,143706,137],{"class":98},[84,143708,35547],{"class":146},[84,143710,307],{"class":98},[84,143712,9479],{"class":146},[84,143714,9476],{"class":98},[84,143716,142029],{"class":146},[84,143718,137],{"class":98},[84,143720,3711],{"class":185},[84,143722,129399],{"class":189},[84,143724,3711],{"class":185},[84,143726,169],{"class":98},[84,143728,143729,143731,143733,143735,143737,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,143730,156],{"class":133},[84,143732,137],{"class":98},[84,143734,35547],{"class":146},[84,143736,307],{"class":98},[84,143738,142029],{"class":146},[84,143740,6354],{"class":98},[84,143742,3711],{"class":185},[84,143744,142140],{"class":189},[84,143746,3711],{"class":185},[84,143748,106],{"class":98},[84,143750,4211],{"class":185},[84,143752,143641],{"class":189},[84,143754,3711],{"class":185},[84,143756,3771],{"class":98},[70,143758,2694],{"id":2693},[995,143760,2698,143762,128799],{"id":143761},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143763,128321],{},[20,143765,143766,143767,3736,143769,307],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143768,4459],{},[15,143770,4528],{},[995,143772,2734,143774,143776],{"id":143773},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143775,128321],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143778,143779],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[75,143781,143783],{"className":77,"code":143782,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143784,143785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143786,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143788,35547],{"class":90},[84,143790,307],{"class":98},[84,143792,142029],{"class":146},[84,143794,6354],{"class":98},[84,143796,3711],{"class":185},[84,143798,303],{"class":189},[84,143800,3711],{"class":185},[84,143802,106],{"class":98},[84,143804,4211],{"class":185},[84,143806,5608],{"class":189},[84,143808,3711],{"class":185},[84,143810,169],{"class":98},[995,143812,2715,143814,125289],{"id":143813},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143815,128321],{},[20,143817,130482],{},[995,143819,6024,143821,5241,143823,3348],{"id":143820},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143822,128321],{},[15,143824,1434],{},[20,143826,143827,143829,143830,143832],{},[15,143828,128321],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143831,1434],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[995,143834,29169,143836,5241,143838,9544,143840,3348],{"id":143835},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143837,36910],{},[15,143839,53477],{},[15,143841,128321],{},[20,143843,143844],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[70,143846,2751],{"id":2750},[30,143848,143849,143855,143861,143867,143871],{},[33,143850,143851],{},[303,143852,126953,143853,11583],{"href":130547},[15,143854,127011],{},[33,143856,143857],{},[303,143858,126953,143859,11583],{"href":124963},[15,143860,124948],{},[33,143862,143863],{},[303,143864,126953,143865,11583],{"href":124680},[15,143866,124683],{},[33,143868,143869],{},[303,143870,125352],{"href":124208},[33,143872,143873],{},[303,143874,125708],{"href":51791},[2785,143876,143877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":143879},[143880,143882,143883,143889,143890,143892,143893,143894,143896,143906,143918],{"id":142075,"depth":125,"text":143881},"What startswith() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":142354,"depth":125,"text":142355,"children":143884},[143885,143886,143887,143888],{"id":142192,"depth":153,"text":142192},{"id":36910,"depth":153,"text":36910},{"id":53477,"depth":153,"text":53477},{"id":142521,"depth":153,"text":142522},{"id":18258,"depth":125,"text":18259},{"id":142699,"depth":125,"text":143891},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142853,"depth":125,"text":142854},{"id":124599,"depth":125,"text":124600},{"id":143155,"depth":125,"text":143895},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":143897},[143898,143899,143901,143903,143905],{"id":143261,"depth":153,"text":139393},{"id":143344,"depth":153,"text":143900},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143424,"depth":153,"text":143902},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143516,"depth":153,"text":143904},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143580,"depth":153,"text":143581},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":143907},[143908,143910,143912,143914,143916],{"id":143761,"depth":153,"text":143909},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143773,"depth":153,"text":143911},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143813,"depth":153,"text":143913},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143820,"depth":153,"text":143915},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143835,"depth":153,"text":143917},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141975,"description":143919},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143926,"title":143927,"body":143928,"description":145382,"extension":2830,"meta":145383,"navigation":472,"path":145384,"seo":145385,"stem":145386,"__hash__":145387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143929,"toc":145352},[143930,143935,143940,143943,143945,143989,143991,143999,144004,144009,144014,144016,144034,144036,144082,144084,144098,144107,144111,144113,144115,144127,144132,144135,144167,144169,144178,144183,144186,144227,144229,144237,144239,144252,144258,144262,144265,144281,144283,144332,144334,144343,144346,144405,144407,144416,144423,144426,144479,144481,144505,144512,144518,144522,144528,144531,144542,144544,144584,144586,144594,144596,144636,144638,144647,144649,144667,144670,144677,144688,144691,144708,144710,144787,144789,144820,144823,144825,144828,144854,144856,144896,144898,144907,144917,144925,144933,144938,144943,144945,144959,144961,145012,145014,145023,145033,145035,145037,145059,145062,145141,145143,145179,145182,145257,145262,145264,145270,145275,145280,145283,145289,145292,145299,145307,145311,145319,145321,145349],[10,143931,123953,143933,12166],{"id":143932},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143934,42471],{},[20,143936,33159,143937,143939],{},[15,143938,42471],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143941,143942],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[70,143944,4464],{"id":4463},[75,143946,143948],{"className":77,"code":143947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143949,143950,143963,143978],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143961],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143953,35526],{"class":90},[84,143955,95],{"class":94},[84,143957,4211],{"class":185},[84,143959,143960],{"class":189},"  hello  ",[84,143962,4217],{"class":185},[84,143964,143965,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,143966,143967],{"class":90},"clean_text ",[84,143969,95],{"class":94},[84,143971,43659],{"class":90},[84,143973,307],{"class":98},[84,143975,9473],{"class":146},[84,143977,9482],{"class":98},[84,143979,143980,143982,143984,143987],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,143981,156],{"class":133},[84,143983,137],{"class":98},[84,143985,143986],{"class":146},"clean_text",[84,143988,150],{"class":98},[20,143990,172],{},[75,143992,143993],{"className":77,"code":139268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,143994,143995],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,143996,143997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,143998,139268],{"class":90},[20,144000,224,144001,144003],{},[15,144002,42471],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[70,144005,235,144007,238],{"id":144006},"what-strip-does",[15,144008,42471],{},[20,144010,144011,144013],{},[15,144012,42471],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,144015,13895],{},[30,144017,144018,144022,144025,144028,144031],{},[33,144019,144020,132303],{},[15,144021,42471],{},[33,144023,144024],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,144026,144027],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,144029,144030],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,144032,144033],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,144035,814],{},[75,144037,144039],{"className":77,"code":144038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,144040,144041,144054,144058,144072],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144042,144043,144045,144047,144049,144052],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144044,35526],{"class":90},[84,144046,95],{"class":94},[84,144048,4211],{"class":185},[84,144050,144051],{"class":189},"  hello world  ",[84,144053,4217],{"class":185},[84,144055,144056],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144057,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,144059,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068,144070],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144061,156],{"class":133},[84,144063,137],{"class":98},[84,144065,35547],{"class":146},[84,144067,307],{"class":98},[84,144069,9473],{"class":146},[84,144071,8033],{"class":98},[84,144073,144074,144076,144078,144080],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,144075,156],{"class":133},[84,144077,137],{"class":98},[84,144079,35547],{"class":146},[84,144081,150],{"class":98},[20,144083,172],{},[75,144085,144087],{"className":77,"code":144086,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,144088,144089,144093],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144090,144091],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144092,134969],{"class":90},[84,144094,144095],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144096,144097],{"class":90},"  hello world\n",[20,144099,144100,144101,144103,144104,144106],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,144102,42471],{},", but the original ",[15,144105,35547],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,144108,125705,144109,307],{},[303,144110,125708],{"href":51791},[70,144112,311],{"id":310},[20,144114,27327],{},[30,144116,144117,144122],{},[33,144118,144119],{},[15,144120,144121],{},"string.strip()",[33,144123,144124],{},[15,144125,144126],{},"string.strip(chars)",[995,144128,144130],{"id":144129},"stringstrip",[15,144131,144121],{},[20,144133,144134],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[75,144136,144138],{"className":77,"code":144137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,144139,144140,144153],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144141,144142,144144,144146,144148,144151],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144143,8716],{"class":90},[84,144145,95],{"class":94},[84,144147,4211],{"class":185},[84,144149,144150],{"class":189},"  Alice  ",[84,144152,4217],{"class":185},[84,144154,144155,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144156,156],{"class":133},[84,144158,137],{"class":98},[84,144160,8508],{"class":146},[84,144162,307],{"class":98},[84,144164,9473],{"class":146},[84,144166,8033],{"class":98},[20,144168,172],{},[75,144170,144172],{"className":77,"code":144171,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Alice\n",[15,144173,144174],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144175,144176],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144177,144171],{"class":90},[995,144179,144181],{"id":144180},"stringstripchars",[15,144182,144126],{},[20,144184,144185],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[75,144187,144189],{"className":77,"code":144188,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144190,144191,144204],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144192,144193,144195,144197,144199,144202],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144194,35526],{"class":90},[84,144196,95],{"class":94},[84,144198,4211],{"class":185},[84,144200,144201],{"class":189},"!!hello??",[84,144203,4217],{"class":185},[84,144205,144206,144208,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144223,144225],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144207,156],{"class":133},[84,144209,137],{"class":98},[84,144211,35547],{"class":146},[84,144213,307],{"class":98},[84,144215,9473],{"class":146},[84,144217,137],{"class":98},[84,144219,3711],{"class":185},[84,144221,144222],{"class":189},"!?",[84,144224,3711],{"class":185},[84,144226,169],{"class":98},[20,144228,172],{},[75,144230,144231],{"className":77,"code":139268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,144232,144233],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144234,144235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144236,139268],{"class":90},[20,144238,84419],{},[30,144240,144241,144246],{},[33,144242,144243,144245],{},[15,144244,135212],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,144247,144248,144249,144251],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144250,135212],{}," does not matter",[70,144253,144255,144256],{"id":144254},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144257,42471],{},[20,144259,31726,144260,307],{},[15,144261,42471],{},[20,144263,144264],{},"It is useful for:",[30,144266,144267,144272,144275,144278],{},[33,144268,144269,144270,406],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144271,3817],{},[33,144273,144274],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,144276,144277],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,144279,144280],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144282,49176],{},[75,144284,144286],{"className":77,"code":144285,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144287,144288,144301,144317,144321],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144289,144290,144292,144294,144296,144299],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144291,8801],{"class":90},[84,144293,95],{"class":94},[84,144295,4211],{"class":185},[84,144297,144298],{"class":189},"  sam  ",[84,144300,4217],{"class":185},[84,144302,144303,144306,144308,144311,144313,144315],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144304,144305],{"class":90},"clean_username ",[84,144307,95],{"class":94},[84,144309,144310],{"class":90}," username",[84,144312,307],{"class":98},[84,144314,9473],{"class":146},[84,144316,9482],{"class":98},[84,144318,144319],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144320,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,144322,144323,144325,144327,144330],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,144324,156],{"class":133},[84,144326,137],{"class":98},[84,144328,144329],{"class":146},"clean_username",[84,144331,150],{"class":98},[20,144333,172],{},[75,144335,144337],{"className":77,"code":144336,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sam\n",[15,144338,144339],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144340,144341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144342,144336],{"class":90},[20,144344,144345],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[75,144347,144349],{"className":77,"code":144348,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144350,144351,144364,144368,144390],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359,144362],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144354,137196],{"class":90},[84,144356,95],{"class":94},[84,144358,4211],{"class":185},[84,144360,144361],{"class":189}," yes  ",[84,144363,4217],{"class":185},[84,144365,144366],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144367,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,144369,144370,144372,144374,144376,144378,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144371,7836],{"class":633},[84,144373,137216],{"class":90},[84,144375,307],{"class":98},[84,144377,9473],{"class":146},[84,144379,8205],{"class":98},[84,144381,7249],{"class":94},[84,144383,4211],{"class":185},[84,144385,9497],{"class":189},[84,144387,3711],{"class":185},[84,144389,1440],{"class":98},[84,144391,144392,144394,144396,144398,144401,144403],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,144393,1445],{"class":133},[84,144395,137],{"class":98},[84,144397,3711],{"class":185},[84,144399,144400],{"class":189},"Matched",[84,144402,3711],{"class":185},[84,144404,150],{"class":98},[20,144406,172],{},[75,144408,144410],{"className":77,"code":144409,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Matched\n",[15,144411,144412],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144413,144414],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144415,144409],{"class":90},[20,144417,144418,144419,307],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[303,144420,144422],{"href":144421},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144424,144425],{},"Example with file-style text:",[75,144427,144429],{"className":77,"code":144428,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144430,144431,144447,144461],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144432,144433,144436,144438,144440,144443,144445],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144434,144435],{"class":90},"line ",[84,144437,95],{"class":94},[84,144439,4211],{"class":185},[84,144441,144442],{"class":189},"Python basics",[84,144444,87751],{"class":1266},[84,144446,4217],{"class":185},[84,144448,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457,144459],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144450,156],{"class":133},[84,144452,137],{"class":98},[84,144454,42597],{"class":133},[84,144456,137],{"class":98},[84,144458,86],{"class":146},[84,144460,169],{"class":98},[84,144462,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471,144473,144475,144477],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144464,156],{"class":133},[84,144466,137],{"class":98},[84,144468,42597],{"class":133},[84,144470,137],{"class":98},[84,144472,86],{"class":146},[84,144474,307],{"class":98},[84,144476,9473],{"class":146},[84,144478,7132],{"class":98},[20,144480,172],{},[75,144482,144484],{"className":77,"code":144483,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144485,144486,144497],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144487,144488,144490,144492,144495],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144489,186],{"class":44146},[84,144491,144442],{"class":44150},[84,144493,87751],{"class":144494},"sfi6f",[84,144496,30541],{"class":44146},[84,144498,144499,144501,144503],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144500,186],{"class":44146},[84,144502,144442],{"class":44150},[84,144504,30541],{"class":44146},[20,144506,595,144507,144509,144510,307],{},[15,144508,123167],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144511,87751],{},[20,144513,144514,144515,307],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[303,144516,144517],{"href":88404},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[70,144519,144521],{"id":144520},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144523,144524,144525,307],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144526,144527],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144529,144530],{},"Python will:",[30,144532,144533,144536,144539],{},[33,144534,144535],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,144537,144538],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,144540,144541],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144543,814],{},[75,144545,144547],{"className":77,"code":144546,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144548,144549,144562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144550,144551,144553,144555,144557,144560],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144552,35526],{"class":90},[84,144554,95],{"class":94},[84,144556,4211],{"class":185},[84,144558,144559],{"class":189},"??hello!!",[84,144561,4217],{"class":185},[84,144563,144564,144566,144568,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144565,156],{"class":133},[84,144567,137],{"class":98},[84,144569,35547],{"class":146},[84,144571,307],{"class":98},[84,144573,9473],{"class":146},[84,144575,137],{"class":98},[84,144577,3711],{"class":185},[84,144579,144222],{"class":189},[84,144581,3711],{"class":185},[84,144583,169],{"class":98},[20,144585,172],{},[75,144587,144588],{"className":77,"code":139268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,144589,144590],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144591,144592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144593,139268],{"class":90},[20,144595,52896],{},[75,144597,144599],{"className":77,"code":144598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144600,144601,144614],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144602,144603,144605,144607,144609,144612],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144604,35526],{"class":90},[84,144606,95],{"class":94},[84,144608,4211],{"class":185},[84,144610,144611],{"class":189},"abcHelloCba",[84,144613,4217],{"class":185},[84,144615,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144617,156],{"class":133},[84,144619,137],{"class":98},[84,144621,35547],{"class":146},[84,144623,307],{"class":98},[84,144625,9473],{"class":146},[84,144627,137],{"class":98},[84,144629,3711],{"class":185},[84,144631,42378],{"class":189},[84,144633,3711],{"class":185},[84,144635,169],{"class":98},[20,144637,172],{},[75,144639,144641],{"className":77,"code":144640,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HelloC\n",[15,144642,144643],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144644,144645],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144646,144640],{"class":90},[20,144648,7077],{},[20,144650,144651,51,144654,144656,144657,144659,144660,362,144662,366,144664,144666],{},[15,144652,144653],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[53,144655,55],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144658,42378],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144661,303],{},[15,144663,5608],{},[15,144665,10580],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144668,144669],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144671,144672,144673,7470],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[303,144674,144675],{"href":130534},[15,144676,125124],{},[70,144678,144680,11427,144682,11427,144685],{"id":144679},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144681,42471],{},[15,144683,144684],{},"lstrip()",[15,144686,144687],{},"rstrip()",[20,144689,144690],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,144692,144693,144698,144703],{},[33,144694,144695,144697],{},[15,144696,42471],{}," removes from both ends",[33,144699,144700,144702],{},[15,144701,144684],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,144704,144705,144707],{},[15,144706,144687],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144709,814],{},[75,144711,144713],{"className":77,"code":144712,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144714,144715,144727,144731,144749,144768],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144716,144717,144719,144721,144723,144725],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144718,35526],{"class":90},[84,144720,95],{"class":94},[84,144722,4211],{"class":185},[84,144724,143960],{"class":189},[84,144726,4217],{"class":185},[84,144728,144729],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144730,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,144732,144733,144735,144737,144739,144741,144743,144745,144747],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144734,156],{"class":133},[84,144736,137],{"class":98},[84,144738,42597],{"class":133},[84,144740,137],{"class":98},[84,144742,35547],{"class":146},[84,144744,307],{"class":98},[84,144746,9473],{"class":146},[84,144748,7132],{"class":98},[84,144750,144751,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761,144763,144766],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,144752,156],{"class":133},[84,144754,137],{"class":98},[84,144756,42597],{"class":133},[84,144758,137],{"class":98},[84,144760,35547],{"class":146},[84,144762,307],{"class":98},[84,144764,144765],{"class":146},"lstrip",[84,144767,7132],{"class":98},[84,144769,144770,144772,144774,144776,144778,144780,144782,144785],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,144771,156],{"class":133},[84,144773,137],{"class":98},[84,144775,42597],{"class":133},[84,144777,137],{"class":98},[84,144779,35547],{"class":146},[84,144781,307],{"class":98},[84,144783,144784],{"class":146},"rstrip",[84,144786,7132],{"class":98},[20,144788,172],{},[75,144790,144792],{"className":77,"code":144791,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144793,144794,144802,144811],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144795,144796,144798,144800],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144797,186],{"class":44146},[84,144799,4697],{"class":44150},[84,144801,30541],{"class":44146},[84,144803,144804,144806,144809],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144805,186],{"class":44146},[84,144807,144808],{"class":44150},"hello  ",[84,144810,30541],{"class":44146},[84,144812,144813,144815,144818],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144814,186],{"class":44146},[84,144816,144817],{"class":44150},"  hello",[84,144819,30541],{"class":44146},[20,144821,144822],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[70,144824,108961],{"id":108960},[20,144826,144827],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,144829,144830,144838,144848,144851],{},[33,144831,144832,144834,144835,144837],{},[15,144833,144653],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144836,42347],{}," once",[33,144839,144840,144841,362,144843,366,144845,144847],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144842,303],{},[15,144844,5608],{},[15,144846,10580],{}," from both ends",[33,144849,144850],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144852,144853],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144855,814],{},[75,144857,144859],{"className":77,"code":144858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144860,144861,144874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869,144872],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144864,127036],{"class":90},[84,144866,95],{"class":94},[84,144868,4211],{"class":185},[84,144870,144871],{"class":189},"txt_report.txt",[84,144873,4217],{"class":185},[84,144875,144876,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886,144888,144890,144892,144894],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144877,156],{"class":133},[84,144879,137],{"class":98},[84,144881,127054],{"class":146},[84,144883,307],{"class":98},[84,144885,9473],{"class":146},[84,144887,137],{"class":98},[84,144889,3711],{"class":185},[84,144891,127089],{"class":189},[84,144893,3711],{"class":185},[84,144895,169],{"class":98},[20,144897,172],{},[75,144899,144901],{"className":77,"code":144900,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"_report\n",[15,144902,144903],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144904,144905],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144906,144900],{"class":90},[20,144908,144909,144910,362,144912,366,144914,144916],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144911,307],{},[15,144913,64104],{},[15,144915,625],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144918,573,144919,5631,144922,144924],{},[15,144920,144921],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[53,144923,55],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144926,144927,144928,144932],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[303,144929,144930],{"href":130534},[15,144931,125124],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[70,144934,1741,144936],{"id":144935},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144937,42471],{},[20,144939,224,144940,144942],{},[15,144941,42471],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144944,37263],{},[30,144946,144947,144951,144953,144956],{},[33,144948,144269,144949,406],{},[15,144950,3817],{},[33,144952,144274],{},[33,144954,144955],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144957,144958],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144960,814],{},[75,144962,144964],{"className":77,"code":144963,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144965,144966,144980,144984,144997],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,144967,144968,144971,144973,144975,144978],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,144969,144970],{"class":90},"email ",[84,144972,95],{"class":94},[84,144974,4211],{"class":185},[84,144976,144977],{"class":189},"  user@example.com  ",[84,144979,4217],{"class":185},[84,144981,144982],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,144983,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,144985,144986,144988,144991,144993,144995],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,144987,7836],{"class":633},[84,144989,144990],{"class":90}," email",[84,144992,307],{"class":98},[84,144994,9473],{"class":146},[84,144996,22438],{"class":98},[84,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145008,145010],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145000,1445],{"class":133},[84,145002,137],{"class":98},[84,145004,3711],{"class":185},[84,145006,145007],{"class":189},"Email was entered",[84,145009,3711],{"class":185},[84,145011,150],{"class":98},[20,145013,172],{},[75,145015,145017],{"className":77,"code":145016,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Email was entered\n",[15,145018,145019],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145020,145021],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145022,145016],{"class":90},[20,145024,145025,145026,145028,145029,307],{},"You may also combine ",[15,145027,42471],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[303,145030,145031],{"href":124680},[15,145032,124683],{},[70,145034,3686],{"id":3685},[20,145036,84838],{},[30,145038,145039,145043,145048,145053],{},[33,145040,9291,145041,132173],{},[15,145042,42471],{},[33,145044,9291,145045,145047],{},[15,145046,42471],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,145049,595,145050,145052],{},[15,145051,144921],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,145054,5551,145055,145058],{},[15,145056,145057],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,145060,145061],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[75,145063,145065],{"className":77,"code":145064,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,145066,145067,145081,145085,145095,145109,145123],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145068,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077,145079],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145070,35526],{"class":90},[84,145072,95],{"class":94},[84,145074,4211],{"class":185},[84,145076,144817],{"class":189},[84,145078,87751],{"class":1266},[84,145080,4217],{"class":185},[84,145082,145083],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145084,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145086,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145088,156],{"class":133},[84,145090,137],{"class":98},[84,145092,35547],{"class":146},[84,145094,150],{"class":98},[84,145096,145097,145099,145101,145103,145105,145107],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145098,156],{"class":133},[84,145100,137],{"class":98},[84,145102,42597],{"class":133},[84,145104,137],{"class":98},[84,145106,35547],{"class":146},[84,145108,169],{"class":98},[84,145110,145111,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,145112,156],{"class":133},[84,145114,137],{"class":98},[84,145116,35547],{"class":146},[84,145118,307],{"class":98},[84,145120,9473],{"class":146},[84,145122,8033],{"class":98},[84,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133,145135,145137,145139],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,145126,156],{"class":133},[84,145128,137],{"class":98},[84,145130,42597],{"class":133},[84,145132,137],{"class":98},[84,145134,35547],{"class":146},[84,145136,307],{"class":98},[84,145138,9473],{"class":146},[84,145140,7132],{"class":98},[20,145142,172],{},[75,145144,145146],{"className":77,"code":145145,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,145147,145148,145153,145157,145167,145171],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145149,145150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145151,145152],{"class":90},"  hello\n",[84,145154,145155],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145156,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145158,145159,145161,145163,145165],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145160,186],{"class":44146},[84,145162,144817],{"class":44150},[84,145164,87751],{"class":144494},[84,145166,30541],{"class":44146},[84,145168,145169],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145170,139268],{"class":90},[84,145172,145173,145175,145177],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,145174,186],{"class":44146},[84,145176,4697],{"class":44150},[84,145178,30541],{"class":44146},[20,145180,145181],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[75,145183,145185],{"className":77,"code":145184,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145186,145187,145197,145211,145225,145243],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145188,145189,145191,145193,145195],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145190,156],{"class":133},[84,145192,137],{"class":98},[84,145194,35547],{"class":146},[84,145196,150],{"class":98},[84,145198,145199,145201,145203,145205,145207,145209],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145200,156],{"class":133},[84,145202,137],{"class":98},[84,145204,42597],{"class":133},[84,145206,137],{"class":98},[84,145208,35547],{"class":146},[84,145210,169],{"class":98},[84,145212,145213,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145214,156],{"class":133},[84,145216,137],{"class":98},[84,145218,35547],{"class":146},[84,145220,307],{"class":98},[84,145222,9473],{"class":146},[84,145224,8033],{"class":98},[84,145226,145227,145229,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145228,156],{"class":133},[84,145230,137],{"class":98},[84,145232,42597],{"class":133},[84,145234,137],{"class":98},[84,145236,35547],{"class":146},[84,145238,307],{"class":98},[84,145240,9473],{"class":146},[84,145242,7132],{"class":98},[84,145244,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,145246,32994],{"class":133},[84,145248,137],{"class":98},[84,145250,141],{"class":140},[84,145252,307],{"class":98},[84,145254,9473],{"class":25590},[84,145256,150],{"class":98},[20,145258,145259,145261],{},[15,145260,123167],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[70,145263,2694],{"id":2693},[995,145265,2698,145267,145269],{"id":145266},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145268,42471],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145271,47182,145272,145274],{},[15,145273,42471],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[995,145276,2698,145278,125280],{"id":145277},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145279,42471],{},[20,145281,145282],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[995,145284,5987,145286,145288],{"id":145285},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145287,42471],{}," remove by default?",[20,145290,145291],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[995,145293,35044,145295,35047,145297,3348],{"id":145294},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145296,42471],{},[15,145298,125124],{},[20,145300,145301,145303,145304,145306],{},[15,145302,42471],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145305,125124],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[995,145308,145310],{"id":145309},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145312,128826,145313,145315,145316,145318],{},[15,145314,144684],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145317,144687],{}," for the right side.",[70,145320,2751],{"id":2750},[30,145322,145323,145329,145335,145340,145345],{},[33,145324,145325],{},[303,145326,126953,145327,11583],{"href":124680},[15,145328,124683],{},[33,145330,145331],{},[303,145332,126953,145333,11583],{"href":130534},[15,145334,125124],{},[33,145336,145337],{},[303,145338,145339],{"href":144421},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,145341,145342],{},[303,145343,145344],{"href":88404},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,145346,145347],{},[303,145348,125708],{"href":51791},[2785,145350,145351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":145353},[145354,145355,145357,145361,145363,145364,145366,145367,145369,145370,145381],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":144006,"depth":125,"text":145356},"What strip() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":145358},[145359,145360],{"id":144129,"depth":153,"text":144121},{"id":144180,"depth":153,"text":144126},{"id":144254,"depth":125,"text":145362},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144520,"depth":125,"text":144521},{"id":144679,"depth":125,"text":145365},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108960,"depth":125,"text":108961},{"id":144935,"depth":125,"text":145368},"When to use strip()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":145371},[145372,145374,145376,145378,145380],{"id":145266,"depth":153,"text":145373},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145277,"depth":153,"text":145375},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145285,"depth":153,"text":145377},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145294,"depth":153,"text":145379},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145309,"depth":153,"text":145310},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143927,"description":145382},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145389,"title":145390,"body":145391,"description":146571,"extension":2830,"meta":146572,"navigation":472,"path":146573,"seo":146574,"stem":146575,"__hash__":146576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145392,"toc":146541},[145393,145398,145403,145408,145410,145456,145464,145469,145483,145489,145491,145493,145508,145510,145520,145523,145554,145557,145580,145582,145585,145642,145644,145658,145660,145674,145680,145685,145688,145729,145731,145740,145748,145751,145796,145798,145807,145810,145814,145819,145833,145835,145867,145869,145889,145892,145897,145902,145904,145915,145918,145975,145977,145985,145994,145996,145998,146004,146006,146043,146045,146053,146055,146096,146098,146107,146112,146117,146119,146146,146153,146156,146187,146189,146198,146204,146213,146244,146246,146258,146271,146275,146280,146310,146312,146379,146381,146391,146393,146398,146401,146406,146411,146415,146421,146427,146430,146432,146490,146492,146500,146502,146538],[10,145394,123953,145396,12166],{"id":145395},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145397,128831],{},[20,145399,123958,145400,145402],{},[15,145401,128831],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145404,85215,145405,145407],{},[15,145406,128831],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[70,145409,73],{"id":72},[75,145411,145413],{"className":77,"code":145412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145414,145415,145427,145441,145451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145418,35526],{"class":90},[84,145420,95],{"class":94},[84,145422,4211],{"class":185},[84,145424,129672],{"class":189},[84,145426,4217],{"class":185},[84,145428,145429,145431,145433,145435,145437,145439],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145430,128],{"class":90},[84,145432,95],{"class":94},[84,145434,43659],{"class":90},[84,145436,307],{"class":98},[84,145438,35316],{"class":146},[84,145440,9482],{"class":98},[84,145442,145443,145445,145447,145449],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145444,156],{"class":133},[84,145446,137],{"class":98},[84,145448,166],{"class":146},[84,145450,150],{"class":98},[84,145452,145453],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145454,145455],{"class":4517},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145457,145458,145460,145461,145463],{},[15,145459,128831],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[53,145462,55],{}," change the original string in place.",[70,145465,235,145467,238],{"id":145466},"what-upper-does",[15,145468,128831],{},[30,145470,145471,145476,145479,145481],{},[33,145472,145473,145475],{},[15,145474,128831],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,145477,145478],{},"It works on string values only",[33,145480,134201],{},[33,145482,136919],{},[20,145484,125705,145485,3736,145487,307],{},[303,145486,136925],{"href":136924},[303,145488,125708],{"href":51791},[70,145490,311],{"id":310},[20,145492,3023],{},[75,145494,145496],{"className":77,"code":145495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"string.upper()\n",[15,145497,145498],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145499,145500,145502,145504,145506],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145501,61991],{"class":90},[84,145503,307],{"class":98},[84,145505,35316],{"class":146},[84,145507,9482],{"class":98},[20,145509,12303],{},[30,145511,145512,145514,145517],{},[33,145513,98126],{},[33,145515,145516],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,145518,145519],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145521,145522],{},"Example with a variable:",[75,145524,145526],{"className":77,"code":145525,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145527,145528,145540],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145529,145530,145532,145534,145536,145538],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145531,8716],{"class":90},[84,145533,95],{"class":94},[84,145535,4211],{"class":185},[84,145537,79],{"class":189},[84,145539,4217],{"class":185},[84,145541,145542,145544,145546,145548,145550,145552],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145543,156],{"class":133},[84,145545,137],{"class":98},[84,145547,8508],{"class":146},[84,145549,307],{"class":98},[84,145551,35316],{"class":146},[84,145553,8033],{"class":98},[20,145555,145556],{},"Example with a string literal:",[75,145558,145560],{"className":77,"code":145559,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145561,145562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145563,145564,145566,145568,145570,145572,145574,145576,145578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145565,156],{"class":133},[84,145567,137],{"class":98},[84,145569,3711],{"class":185},[84,145571,4697],{"class":189},[84,145573,3711],{"class":185},[84,145575,307],{"class":98},[84,145577,35316],{"class":146},[84,145579,8033],{"class":98},[70,145581,418],{"id":417},[20,145583,145584],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[75,145586,145588],{"className":77,"code":145587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145589,145590,145602,145617,145621,145631],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145591,145592,145594,145596,145598,145600],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145593,6996],{"class":90},[84,145595,95],{"class":94},[84,145597,4211],{"class":185},[84,145599,4937],{"class":189},[84,145601,4217],{"class":185},[84,145603,145604,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145605,145606],{"class":90},"uppercase_word ",[84,145608,95],{"class":94},[84,145610,39205],{"class":90},[84,145612,307],{"class":98},[84,145614,35316],{"class":146},[84,145616,9482],{"class":98},[84,145618,145619],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145620,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145622,145623,145625,145627,145629],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145624,156],{"class":133},[84,145626,137],{"class":98},[84,145628,39215],{"class":146},[84,145630,150],{"class":98},[84,145632,145633,145635,145637,145640],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,145634,156],{"class":133},[84,145636,137],{"class":98},[84,145638,145639],{"class":146},"uppercase_word",[84,145641,150],{"class":98},[20,145643,172],{},[75,145645,145647],{"className":77,"code":145646,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145648,145649,145653],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145650,145651],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145652,71220],{"class":90},[84,145654,145655],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145656,145657],{"class":1266},"BANANA\n",[20,145659,113067],{},[30,145661,145662,145667],{},[33,145663,145664,145666],{},[15,145665,39215],{}," keeps its original value",[33,145668,145669,145671,145672],{},[15,145670,145639],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145673,128831],{},[70,145675,145677,145679],{"id":145676},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145678,128831],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145681,137585,145682,145684],{},[53,145683,137588],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145686,145687],{},"So this method:",[75,145689,145691],{"className":77,"code":145690,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145692,145693,145705,145715,145719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145694,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145696,8716],{"class":90},[84,145698,95],{"class":94},[84,145700,4211],{"class":185},[84,145702,18644],{"class":189},[84,145704,4217],{"class":185},[84,145706,145707,145709,145711,145713],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145708,8508],{"class":90},[84,145710,307],{"class":98},[84,145712,35316],{"class":146},[84,145714,9482],{"class":98},[84,145716,145717],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145718,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145720,145721,145723,145725,145727],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145722,156],{"class":133},[84,145724,137],{"class":98},[84,145726,8508],{"class":146},[84,145728,150],{"class":98},[20,145730,172],{},[75,145732,145734],{"className":77,"code":145733,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"alice\n",[15,145735,145736],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145737,145738],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145739,145733],{"class":90},[20,145741,21820,145742,145744,145745,145747],{},[15,145743,128831],{}," was called, ",[15,145746,8508],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145749,145750],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[75,145752,145754],{"className":77,"code":145753,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145755,145756,145768,145782,145786],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145757,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145759,8716],{"class":90},[84,145761,95],{"class":94},[84,145763,4211],{"class":185},[84,145765,18644],{"class":189},[84,145767,4217],{"class":185},[84,145769,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145771,8716],{"class":90},[84,145773,95],{"class":94},[84,145775,36829],{"class":90},[84,145777,307],{"class":98},[84,145779,35316],{"class":146},[84,145781,9482],{"class":98},[84,145783,145784],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145785,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145787,145788,145790,145792,145794],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145789,156],{"class":133},[84,145791,137],{"class":98},[84,145793,8508],{"class":146},[84,145795,150],{"class":98},[20,145797,172],{},[75,145799,145801],{"className":77,"code":145800,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ALICE\n",[15,145802,145803],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145804,145805],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145806,145800],{"class":1266},[20,145808,145809],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[70,145811,145813],{"id":145812},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145815,145816,145818],{},[15,145817,128831],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,145820,145821,145824,145827,145830],{},[33,145822,145823],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,145825,145826],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,145828,145829],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,145831,145832],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145834,814],{},[75,145836,145838],{"className":77,"code":145837,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145839,145840,145853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145841,145842,145844,145846,145848,145851],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145843,35526],{"class":90},[84,145845,95],{"class":94},[84,145847,4211],{"class":185},[84,145849,145850],{"class":189},"Room 7, table #3!",[84,145852,4217],{"class":185},[84,145854,145855,145857,145859,145861,145863,145865],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145856,156],{"class":133},[84,145858,137],{"class":98},[84,145860,35547],{"class":146},[84,145862,307],{"class":98},[84,145864,35316],{"class":146},[84,145866,8033],{"class":98},[20,145868,172],{},[75,145870,145872],{"className":77,"code":145871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145875,145876,145879,145881,145883,145886],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145877,145878],{"class":1266},"ROOM",[84,145880,6836],{"class":102},[84,145882,106],{"class":98},[84,145884,145885],{"class":1266}," TABLE",[84,145887,145888],{"class":4517}," #3!\n",[20,145890,145891],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[70,145893,1741,145895],{"id":145894},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145896,128831],{},[20,145898,145899,145901],{},[15,145900,128831],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145903,49154],{},[30,145905,145906,145909,145912],{},[33,145907,145908],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145910,145911],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145913,145914],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145916,145917],{},"Example: simple comparison",[75,145919,145921],{"className":77,"code":145920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145922,145923,145935,145939,145961],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145924,145925,145927,145929,145931,145933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145926,137196],{"class":90},[84,145928,95],{"class":94},[84,145930,4211],{"class":185},[84,145932,9497],{"class":189},[84,145934,4217],{"class":185},[84,145936,145937],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,145938,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,145940,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,145942,7836],{"class":633},[84,145944,137216],{"class":90},[84,145946,307],{"class":98},[84,145948,35316],{"class":146},[84,145950,8205],{"class":98},[84,145952,7249],{"class":94},[84,145954,4211],{"class":185},[84,145956,137203],{"class":189},[84,145958,3711],{"class":185},[84,145960,1440],{"class":98},[84,145962,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,145964,1445],{"class":133},[84,145966,137],{"class":98},[84,145968,3711],{"class":185},[84,145970,144400],{"class":189},[84,145972,3711],{"class":185},[84,145974,150],{"class":98},[20,145976,172],{},[75,145978,145979],{"className":77,"code":144409,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,145980,145981],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,145982,145983],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,145984,144409],{"class":90},[20,145986,145987,145988,362,145990,366,145992,307],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145989,9497],{},[15,145991,137989],{},[15,145993,137203],{},[70,145995,3686],{"id":3685},[995,145997,96487],{"id":96486},[20,145999,8955,146000,146003],{},[15,146001,146002],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,146005,2155],{},[75,146007,146009],{"className":77,"code":146008,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146010,146011,146023,146033],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146012,146013,146015,146017,146019,146021],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146014,35526],{"class":90},[84,146016,95],{"class":94},[84,146018,4211],{"class":185},[84,146020,4697],{"class":189},[84,146022,4217],{"class":185},[84,146024,146025,146027,146029,146031],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146026,35547],{"class":90},[84,146028,307],{"class":98},[84,146030,35316],{"class":146},[84,146032,9482],{"class":98},[84,146034,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146036,156],{"class":133},[84,146038,137],{"class":98},[84,146040,35547],{"class":146},[84,146042,150],{"class":98},[20,146044,172],{},[75,146046,146047],{"className":77,"code":139268,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146048,146049],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146050,146051],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146052,139268],{"class":90},[20,146054,2211],{},[75,146056,146058],{"className":77,"code":146057,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146059,146060,146072,146086],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146061,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146063,35526],{"class":90},[84,146065,95],{"class":94},[84,146067,4211],{"class":185},[84,146069,4697],{"class":189},[84,146071,4217],{"class":185},[84,146073,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146075,35526],{"class":90},[84,146077,95],{"class":94},[84,146079,43659],{"class":90},[84,146081,307],{"class":98},[84,146083,35316],{"class":146},[84,146085,9482],{"class":98},[84,146087,146088,146090,146092,146094],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146089,156],{"class":133},[84,146091,137],{"class":98},[84,146093,35547],{"class":146},[84,146095,150],{"class":98},[20,146097,172],{},[75,146099,146101],{"className":77,"code":146100,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HELLO\n",[15,146102,146103],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146104,146105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146106,146100],{"class":1266},[995,146108,19749,146110,137875],{"id":146109},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,146111,128831],{},[20,146113,146114,146116],{},[15,146115,128831],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,146118,814],{},[75,146120,146122],{"className":77,"code":146121,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,146123,146124,146132],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146125,146126,146128,146130],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146127,3076],{"class":90},[84,146129,95],{"class":94},[84,146131,125635],{"class":102},[84,146133,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146135,156],{"class":133},[84,146137,137],{"class":98},[84,146139,3098],{"class":146},[84,146141,307],{"class":98},[84,146143,35316],{"class":146},[84,146145,8033],{"class":98},[20,146147,40477,146148,146150,146151,34441],{},[15,146149,365],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146152,128831],{},[20,146154,146155],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[75,146157,146159],{"className":77,"code":146158,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146160,146161,146169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146162,146163,146165,146167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146164,3076],{"class":90},[84,146166,95],{"class":94},[84,146168,125635],{"class":102},[84,146170,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146172,156],{"class":133},[84,146174,137],{"class":98},[84,146176,141],{"class":140},[84,146178,137],{"class":98},[84,146180,3098],{"class":146},[84,146182,9470],{"class":98},[84,146184,35316],{"class":146},[84,146186,8033],{"class":98},[20,146188,172],{},[75,146190,146192],{"className":77,"code":146191,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"123\n",[15,146193,146194],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146195,146196],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146197,146191],{"class":102},[995,146199,38041,146201,146203],{"id":146200},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146202,128831],{}," with title case",[20,146205,146206,146208,146209,146212],{},[15,146207,128831],{}," makes ",[53,146210,146211],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[75,146214,146216],{"className":77,"code":146215,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146217,146218,146230],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146219,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146221,35526],{"class":90},[84,146223,95],{"class":94},[84,146225,4211],{"class":185},[84,146227,61223],{"class":189},[84,146229,4217],{"class":185},[84,146231,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146233,156],{"class":133},[84,146235,137],{"class":98},[84,146237,35547],{"class":146},[84,146239,307],{"class":98},[84,146241,35316],{"class":146},[84,146243,8033],{"class":98},[20,146245,172],{},[75,146247,146249],{"className":77,"code":146248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146250,146251],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146252,146253,146255],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146254,136977],{"class":1266},[84,146256,146257],{"class":1266}," WORLD\n",[20,146259,146260,146261,146265,146266,146270],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[303,146262,146263],{"href":124680},[15,146264,124683],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[303,146267,146268],{"href":130534},[15,146269,125124],{}," changes parts of a string.",[70,146272,146274],{"id":146273},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146276,146277,146278,3743],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146279,128831],{},[30,146281,146282,146289,146296,146303],{},[33,146283,146284,146288],{},[303,146285,146286],{"href":124680},[15,146287,124683],{}," for lowercase text",[33,146290,146291,146295],{},[303,146292,146293],{"href":137523},[15,146294,42471],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,146297,146298,146302],{},[303,146299,146300],{"href":130534},[15,146301,125124],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,146304,146305,5241,146307,146309],{},[15,146306,128321],{},[15,146308,127011],{}," for checks",[20,146311,814],{},[75,146313,146315],{"className":77,"code":146314,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146316,146317,146329,146333,146348,146364,146368],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146318,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146320,35526],{"class":90},[84,146322,95],{"class":94},[84,146324,4211],{"class":185},[84,146326,144051],{"class":189},[84,146328,4217],{"class":185},[84,146330,146331],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146332,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,146334,146335,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146336,146337],{"class":90},"cleaned ",[84,146339,95],{"class":94},[84,146341,43659],{"class":90},[84,146343,307],{"class":98},[84,146345,9473],{"class":146},[84,146347,9482],{"class":98},[84,146349,146350,146353,146355,146358,146360,146362],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,146351,146352],{"class":90},"loud ",[84,146354,95],{"class":94},[84,146356,146357],{"class":90}," cleaned",[84,146359,307],{"class":98},[84,146361,35316],{"class":146},[84,146363,9482],{"class":98},[84,146365,146366],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,146367,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,146369,146370,146372,146374,146377],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,146371,156],{"class":133},[84,146373,137],{"class":98},[84,146375,146376],{"class":146},"loud",[84,146378,150],{"class":98},[20,146380,172],{},[75,146382,146383],{"className":77,"code":146248,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146384,146385],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146386,146387,146389],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146388,136977],{"class":1266},[84,146390,146257],{"class":1266},[70,146392,2694],{"id":2693},[995,146394,2698,146396,125280],{"id":146395},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146397,128831],{},[20,146399,146400],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[995,146402,2698,146404,138257],{"id":146403},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146405,128831],{},[20,146407,146408,146409,307],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146410,146002],{},[995,146412,146414],{"id":146413},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146416,146417,146418,146420],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146419,128831],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[995,146422,29169,146424,146426],{"id":146423},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146425,128831],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146428,146429],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146431,814],{},[75,146433,146435],{"className":77,"code":146434,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146436,146437,146449,146462,146466],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146438,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146440,3410],{"class":90},[84,146442,95],{"class":94},[84,146444,4211],{"class":185},[84,146446,79],{"class":189},[84,146448,4217],{"class":185},[84,146450,146451,146453,146455,146457,146460],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146452,3437],{"class":90},[84,146454,95],{"class":94},[84,146456,4211],{"class":185},[84,146458,146459],{"class":189},"PYTHON",[84,146461,4217],{"class":185},[84,146463,146464],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146465,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,146467,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,146469,156],{"class":133},[84,146471,137],{"class":98},[84,146473,303],{"class":146},[84,146475,307],{"class":98},[84,146477,35316],{"class":146},[84,146479,8205],{"class":98},[84,146481,7249],{"class":94},[84,146483,835],{"class":146},[84,146485,307],{"class":98},[84,146487,35316],{"class":146},[84,146489,8033],{"class":98},[20,146491,172],{},[75,146493,146494],{"className":77,"code":4828,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146495,146496],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146497,146498],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146499,4828],{"class":4704},[70,146501,2751],{"id":2750},[30,146503,146504,146508,146514,146520,146526,146530,146534],{},[33,146505,146506],{},[303,146507,125708],{"href":51791},[33,146509,146510],{},[303,146511,126953,146512,11583],{"href":124680},[15,146513,124683],{},[33,146515,146516],{},[303,146517,126953,146518,11583],{"href":137523},[15,146519,42471],{},[33,146521,146522],{},[303,146523,126953,146524,11583],{"href":130534},[15,146525,125124],{},[33,146527,146528],{},[303,146529,91281],{"href":90290},[33,146531,146532],{},[303,146533,125352],{"href":124208},[33,146535,146536],{},[303,146537,138343],{"href":136924},[2785,146539,146540],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":146542},[146543,146544,146546,146547,146548,146550,146551,146553,146560,146561,146570],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":145466,"depth":125,"text":146545},"What upper() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":145676,"depth":125,"text":146549},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145812,"depth":125,"text":145813},{"id":145894,"depth":125,"text":146552},"When to use upper()",{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":146554},[146555,146556,146558],{"id":96486,"depth":153,"text":96487},{"id":146109,"depth":153,"text":146557},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146200,"depth":153,"text":146559},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146273,"depth":125,"text":146274},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":146562},[146563,146565,146567,146568],{"id":146395,"depth":153,"text":146564},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146403,"depth":153,"text":146566},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146413,"depth":153,"text":146414},{"id":146423,"depth":153,"text":146569},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145390,"description":146571},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146578,"title":146579,"body":146580,"description":148457,"extension":2830,"meta":148458,"navigation":472,"path":148459,"seo":148460,"stem":148461,"__hash__":148462},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146581,"toc":148407},[146582,146588,146595,146601,146603,146659,146664,146669,146674,146677,146696,146699,146701,146725,146743,146754,146756,146759,146812,146814,146822,146824,146842,146847,146850,146907,146909,146918,146921,146941,146944,146950,146955,146957,147000,147002,147010,147013,147054,147056,147065,147071,147077,147104,147106,147114,147119,147123,147135,147178,147180,147188,147193,147199,147204,147208,147210,147253,147256,147303,147305,147314,147321,147325,147328,147374,147379,147383,147385,147428,147431,147439,147441,147446,147448,147450,147469,147472,147484,147486,147505,147507,147515,147519,147521,147572,147575,147650,147652,147660,147663,147667,147669,147716,147719,147790,147792,147800,147806,147808,147883,147887,147966,147968,147976,147982,147988,147993,147998,148047,148051,148122,148125,148130,148141,148144,148155,148165,148167,148172,148197,148202,148283,148285,148310,148312,148317,148320,148326,148335,148341,148344,148350,148356,148363,148366,148368,148404],[10,146583,13,146585,18],{"id":146584},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146586,146587],{},"sum()",[20,146589,9962,146590,146592,146593,25604],{},[15,146591,146587],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146594,60815],{},[20,146596,146597,146598,146600],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146599,36910],{}," value and a few important limits.",[70,146602,73],{"id":72},[75,146604,146606],{"className":77,"code":146605,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146607,146608,146632,146647],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146609,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146611,91],{"class":90},[84,146613,95],{"class":94},[84,146615,99],{"class":98},[84,146617,103],{"class":102},[84,146619,106],{"class":98},[84,146621,109],{"class":102},[84,146623,106],{"class":98},[84,146625,114],{"class":102},[84,146627,106],{"class":98},[84,146629,119],{"class":102},[84,146631,122],{"class":98},[84,146633,146634,146636,146638,146641,146643,146645],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146635,42000],{"class":90},[84,146637,95],{"class":94},[84,146639,146640],{"class":133}," sum",[84,146642,137],{"class":98},[84,146644,535],{"class":146},[84,146646,150],{"class":98},[84,146648,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146650,156],{"class":133},[84,146652,137],{"class":98},[84,146654,42029],{"class":146},[84,146656,1970],{"class":98},[84,146658,27635],{"class":4517},[20,146660,224,146661,146663],{},[15,146662,146587],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[70,146665,235,146667,238],{"id":146666},"what-sum-does",[15,146668,146587],{},[20,146670,146671,146673],{},[15,146672,146587],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146675,146676],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,146678,146679,146682,146685,146690],{},[33,146680,146681],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,146683,146684],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,146686,146687,146688],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146689,37035],{},[33,146691,146692,146693,146695],{},"Counting ",[15,146694,4459],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146697,146698],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[70,146700,311],{"id":310},[75,146702,146704],{"className":77,"code":146703,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146705,146706],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146707,146708,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146709,146710],{"class":133},"sum",[84,146712,137],{"class":98},[84,146714,249],{"class":146},[84,146716,106],{"class":98},[84,146718,36889],{"class":10015},[84,146720,95],{"class":94},[84,146722,2983],{"class":102},[84,146724,150],{"class":98},[30,146726,146727,146732,146737],{},[33,146728,146729,146731],{},[15,146730,249],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,146733,146734,146736],{},[15,146735,36910],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,146738,146739,146740],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146741,146742],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146744,146745,146746,146749,146750,307],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146747,146748,249],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[303,146751,146752,1256],{"href":37032},[15,146753,37035],{},[70,146755,418],{"id":417},[20,146757,146758],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[75,146760,146762],{"className":77,"code":146761,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146763,146764,146784,146798,146802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146765,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146767,91],{"class":90},[84,146769,95],{"class":94},[84,146771,99],{"class":98},[84,146773,3000],{"class":102},[84,146775,106],{"class":98},[84,146777,6847],{"class":102},[84,146779,106],{"class":98},[84,146781,38762],{"class":102},[84,146783,122],{"class":98},[84,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146787,42000],{"class":90},[84,146789,95],{"class":94},[84,146791,146640],{"class":133},[84,146793,137],{"class":98},[84,146795,535],{"class":146},[84,146797,150],{"class":98},[84,146799,146800],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146801,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,146803,146804,146806,146808,146810],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,146805,156],{"class":133},[84,146807,137],{"class":98},[84,146809,42029],{"class":146},[84,146811,150],{"class":98},[20,146813,172],{},[75,146815,146816],{"className":77,"code":70654,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,146817,146818],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146819,146820],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146821,70654],{"class":102},[20,146823,528],{},[30,146825,146826,146831,146837],{},[33,146827,146828,146830],{},[15,146829,535],{}," contains three integers",[33,146832,146833,146836],{},[15,146834,146835],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146838,146839,146840],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146841,42029],{},[70,146843,37450,146845,9271],{"id":146844},"using-the-start-value",[15,146846,36910],{},[20,146848,146849],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[75,146851,146853],{"className":77,"code":146852,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146854,146855,146875,146893,146897],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146858,91],{"class":90},[84,146860,95],{"class":94},[84,146862,99],{"class":98},[84,146864,103],{"class":102},[84,146866,106],{"class":98},[84,146868,109],{"class":102},[84,146870,106],{"class":98},[84,146872,114],{"class":102},[84,146874,122],{"class":98},[84,146876,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146878,42000],{"class":90},[84,146880,95],{"class":94},[84,146882,146640],{"class":133},[84,146884,137],{"class":98},[84,146886,535],{"class":146},[84,146888,106],{"class":98},[84,146890,6847],{"class":102},[84,146892,150],{"class":98},[84,146894,146895],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,146896,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,146898,146899,146901,146903,146905],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,146900,156],{"class":133},[84,146902,137],{"class":98},[84,146904,42029],{"class":146},[84,146906,150],{"class":98},[20,146908,172],{},[75,146910,146912],{"className":77,"code":146911,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"16\n",[15,146913,146914],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146915,146916],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146917,146911],{"class":102},[20,146919,146920],{},"This works like:",[30,146922,146923,146928,146933,146937],{},[33,146924,146925,146926],{},"Start at ",[15,146927,437],{},[33,146929,146930,146931],{},"Add ",[15,146932,103],{},[33,146934,146930,146935],{},[15,146936,199],{},[33,146938,146930,146939],{},[15,146940,208],{},[20,146942,146943],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[70,146945,235,146947,146949],{"id":146946},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146948,146587],{}," can work with",[20,146951,146952,146954],{},[15,146953,146587],{}," works with numeric values.",[995,146956,41242],{"id":41241},[75,146958,146960],{"className":77,"code":146959,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146961,146962,146986],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,146963,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,146965,1777],{"class":90},[84,146967,95],{"class":94},[84,146969,99],{"class":98},[84,146971,103],{"class":102},[84,146973,106],{"class":98},[84,146975,109],{"class":102},[84,146977,106],{"class":98},[84,146979,114],{"class":102},[84,146981,106],{"class":98},[84,146983,119],{"class":102},[84,146985,122],{"class":98},[84,146987,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,146989,156],{"class":133},[84,146991,137],{"class":98},[84,146993,146710],{"class":133},[84,146995,137],{"class":98},[84,146997,6201],{"class":146},[84,146999,169],{"class":98},[20,147001,172],{},[75,147003,147004],{"className":77,"code":3233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147005,147006],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147007,147008],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147009,3233],{"class":102},[995,147011,147012],{"id":52862},"Floats",[75,147014,147016],{"className":77,"code":147015,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,147017,147018,147040],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147019,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147033,147035,147038],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147021,83646],{"class":90},[84,147023,95],{"class":94},[84,147025,99],{"class":98},[84,147027,41976],{"class":102},[84,147029,106],{"class":98},[84,147031,147032],{"class":102}," 3.75",[84,147034,106],{"class":98},[84,147036,147037],{"class":102}," 1.25",[84,147039,122],{"class":98},[84,147041,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147043,156],{"class":133},[84,147045,137],{"class":98},[84,147047,146710],{"class":133},[84,147049,137],{"class":98},[84,147051,83682],{"class":146},[84,147053,169],{"class":98},[20,147055,172],{},[75,147057,147059],{"className":77,"code":147058,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"7.5\n",[15,147060,147061],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147062,147063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147064,147058],{"class":102},[20,147066,147067,147068,307],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[303,147069,147070],{"href":3276},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[995,147072,147074,147075],{"id":147073},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,147076,37035],{},[75,147078,147080],{"className":77,"code":147079,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,147081,147082],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147083,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147085,156],{"class":133},[84,147087,137],{"class":98},[84,147089,146710],{"class":133},[84,147091,137],{"class":98},[84,147093,60815],{"class":133},[84,147095,137],{"class":98},[84,147097,103],{"class":102},[84,147099,106],{"class":98},[84,147101,733],{"class":102},[84,147103,3771],{"class":98},[20,147105,172],{},[75,147107,147108],{"className":77,"code":47856,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147109,147110],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147111,147112],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147113,47856],{"class":102},[20,147115,114157,147116,307],{},[15,147117,147118],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[995,147120,147122],{"id":147121},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,147124,147125,147126,147128,147129,5241,147131,147128,147133,307],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,147127,4459],{}," acts like ",[15,147130,103],{},[15,147132,4528],{},[15,147134,2983],{},[75,147136,147138],{"className":77,"code":147137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,147139,147140,147164],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147141,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147143,52782],{"class":90},[84,147145,95],{"class":94},[84,147147,99],{"class":98},[84,147149,4459],{"class":4704},[84,147151,106],{"class":98},[84,147153,4755],{"class":4704},[84,147155,106],{"class":98},[84,147157,4764],{"class":4704},[84,147159,106],{"class":98},[84,147161,4764],{"class":4704},[84,147163,122],{"class":98},[84,147165,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147167,156],{"class":133},[84,147169,137],{"class":98},[84,147171,146710],{"class":133},[84,147173,137],{"class":98},[84,147175,52835],{"class":146},[84,147177,169],{"class":98},[20,147179,172],{},[75,147181,147182],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147183,147184],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147185,147186],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147187,1474],{"class":102},[20,147189,147190,147191,307],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147192,4459],{},[70,147194,235,147196,147198],{"id":147195},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147197,146587],{}," does not work with",[20,147200,147201,147203],{},[15,147202,146587],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[995,147205,147207],{"id":147206},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147209,3693],{},[75,147211,147213],{"className":77,"code":147212,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147214,147215,147239],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147216,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147218,4919],{"class":90},[84,147220,95],{"class":94},[84,147222,99],{"class":98},[84,147224,3711],{"class":185},[84,147226,4697],{"class":189},[84,147228,3711],{"class":185},[84,147230,106],{"class":98},[84,147232,4211],{"class":185},[84,147234,61408],{"class":189},[84,147236,3711],{"class":185},[84,147238,122],{"class":98},[84,147240,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147242,156],{"class":133},[84,147244,137],{"class":98},[84,147246,146710],{"class":133},[84,147248,137],{"class":98},[84,147250,4963],{"class":146},[84,147252,169],{"class":98},[20,147254,147255],{},"Use string joining instead:",[75,147257,147259],{"className":77,"code":147258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147260,147261,147285],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147262,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147264,4919],{"class":90},[84,147266,95],{"class":94},[84,147268,99],{"class":98},[84,147270,3711],{"class":185},[84,147272,4697],{"class":189},[84,147274,3711],{"class":185},[84,147276,106],{"class":98},[84,147278,4211],{"class":185},[84,147280,61408],{"class":189},[84,147282,3711],{"class":185},[84,147284,122],{"class":98},[84,147286,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147288,156],{"class":133},[84,147290,137],{"class":98},[84,147292,7114],{"class":185},[84,147294,307],{"class":98},[84,147296,134112],{"class":146},[84,147298,137],{"class":98},[84,147300,4963],{"class":146},[84,147302,169],{"class":98},[20,147304,172],{},[75,147306,147308],{"className":77,"code":147307,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"helloworld\n",[15,147309,147310],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147311,147312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147313,147307],{"class":90},[20,147315,147316,147317,307],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[303,147318,147319,6627],{"href":42992},[15,147320,545],{},[995,147322,147324],{"id":147323},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147326,147327],{},"This also causes an error:",[75,147329,147331],{"className":77,"code":147330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147332,147333,147360],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147334,147335,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147336,147337],{"class":90},"lists ",[84,147339,95],{"class":94},[84,147341,57109],{"class":98},[84,147343,103],{"class":102},[84,147345,106],{"class":98},[84,147347,109],{"class":102},[84,147349,18903],{"class":98},[84,147351,99],{"class":98},[84,147353,208],{"class":102},[84,147355,106],{"class":98},[84,147357,119],{"class":102},[84,147359,54059],{"class":98},[84,147361,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147363,156],{"class":133},[84,147365,137],{"class":98},[84,147367,146710],{"class":133},[84,147369,137],{"class":98},[84,147371,6142],{"class":146},[84,147373,169],{"class":98},[20,147375,147376,147378],{},[15,147377,146587],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[995,147380,147382],{"id":147381},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147384,6315],{},[75,147386,147388],{"className":77,"code":147387,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147389,147390,147414],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147391,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147393,1777],{"class":90},[84,147395,95],{"class":94},[84,147397,99],{"class":98},[84,147399,103],{"class":102},[84,147401,106],{"class":98},[84,147403,109],{"class":102},[84,147405,106],{"class":98},[84,147407,4211],{"class":185},[84,147409,208],{"class":189},[84,147411,3711],{"class":185},[84,147413,122],{"class":98},[84,147415,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147417,156],{"class":133},[84,147419,137],{"class":98},[84,147421,146710],{"class":133},[84,147423,137],{"class":98},[84,147425,6201],{"class":146},[84,147427,169],{"class":98},[20,147429,147430],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147432,147433,147434,147436,147437,307],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147435,66761],{},", convert them first. See ",[303,147438,3822],{"href":3821},[70,147440,42322],{"id":42321},[20,147442,147443,147444,307],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147445,146587],{},[995,147447,7363],{"id":7362},[20,147449,5372],{},[75,147451,147453],{"className":77,"code":147452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147454,147455],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147456,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147458,156],{"class":133},[84,147460,137],{"class":98},[84,147462,146710],{"class":133},[84,147464,137],{"class":98},[84,147466,3000],{"class":102},[84,147468,169],{"class":98},[20,147470,147471],{},"Why it fails:",[30,147473,147474,147479],{},[33,147475,147476,147478],{},[15,147477,3000],{}," is a single integer",[33,147480,147481,147483],{},[15,147482,146587],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147485,7393],{},[75,147487,147489],{"className":77,"code":147488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147490,147491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147492,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147494,156],{"class":133},[84,147496,137],{"class":98},[84,147498,146710],{"class":133},[84,147500,3845],{"class":98},[84,147502,3000],{"class":102},[84,147504,3858],{"class":98},[20,147506,172],{},[75,147508,147509],{"className":77,"code":3806,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147510,147511],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147512,147513],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147514,3806],{"class":102},[995,147516,147518],{"id":147517},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147520,5372],{},[75,147522,147524],{"className":77,"code":147523,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147525,147526,147558],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147527,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147529,1777],{"class":90},[84,147531,95],{"class":94},[84,147533,99],{"class":98},[84,147535,3711],{"class":185},[84,147537,103],{"class":189},[84,147539,3711],{"class":185},[84,147541,106],{"class":98},[84,147543,4211],{"class":185},[84,147545,199],{"class":189},[84,147547,3711],{"class":185},[84,147549,106],{"class":98},[84,147551,4211],{"class":185},[84,147553,208],{"class":189},[84,147555,3711],{"class":185},[84,147557,122],{"class":98},[84,147559,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147561,156],{"class":133},[84,147563,137],{"class":98},[84,147565,146710],{"class":133},[84,147567,137],{"class":98},[84,147569,6201],{"class":146},[84,147571,169],{"class":98},[20,147573,147574],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[75,147576,147578],{"className":77,"code":147577,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147579,147580,147612,147640],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147581,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147583,1777],{"class":90},[84,147585,95],{"class":94},[84,147587,99],{"class":98},[84,147589,3711],{"class":185},[84,147591,103],{"class":189},[84,147593,3711],{"class":185},[84,147595,106],{"class":98},[84,147597,4211],{"class":185},[84,147599,199],{"class":189},[84,147601,3711],{"class":185},[84,147603,106],{"class":98},[84,147605,4211],{"class":185},[84,147607,208],{"class":189},[84,147609,3711],{"class":185},[84,147611,122],{"class":98},[84,147613,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147615,42000],{"class":90},[84,147617,95],{"class":94},[84,147619,146640],{"class":133},[84,147621,137],{"class":98},[84,147623,365],{"class":140},[84,147625,137],{"class":98},[84,147627,625],{"class":146},[84,147629,1970],{"class":98},[84,147631,1973],{"class":633},[84,147633,637],{"class":146},[84,147635,1434],{"class":633},[84,147637,406],{"class":146},[84,147639,150],{"class":98},[84,147641,147642,147644,147646,147648],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,147643,156],{"class":133},[84,147645,137],{"class":98},[84,147647,42029],{"class":146},[84,147649,150],{"class":98},[20,147651,172],{},[75,147653,147654],{"className":77,"code":3510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147655,147656],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147657,147658],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147659,3510],{"class":102},[20,147661,147662],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[995,147664,147666],{"id":147665},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147668,5372],{},[75,147670,147672],{"className":77,"code":147671,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147673,147674,147702],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147675,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147677,1777],{"class":90},[84,147679,95],{"class":94},[84,147681,99],{"class":98},[84,147683,103],{"class":102},[84,147685,106],{"class":98},[84,147687,109],{"class":102},[84,147689,106],{"class":98},[84,147691,4211],{"class":185},[84,147693,208],{"class":189},[84,147695,3711],{"class":185},[84,147697,106],{"class":98},[84,147699,119],{"class":102},[84,147701,122],{"class":98},[84,147703,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147705,156],{"class":133},[84,147707,137],{"class":98},[84,147709,146710],{"class":133},[84,147711,137],{"class":98},[84,147713,6201],{"class":146},[84,147715,169],{"class":98},[20,147717,147718],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[75,147720,147722],{"className":77,"code":147721,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147723,147724,147752,147780],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147725,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147727,1777],{"class":90},[84,147729,95],{"class":94},[84,147731,99],{"class":98},[84,147733,103],{"class":102},[84,147735,106],{"class":98},[84,147737,109],{"class":102},[84,147739,106],{"class":98},[84,147741,4211],{"class":185},[84,147743,208],{"class":189},[84,147745,3711],{"class":185},[84,147747,106],{"class":98},[84,147749,119],{"class":102},[84,147751,122],{"class":98},[84,147753,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147755,42000],{"class":90},[84,147757,95],{"class":94},[84,147759,146640],{"class":133},[84,147761,137],{"class":98},[84,147763,365],{"class":140},[84,147765,137],{"class":98},[84,147767,625],{"class":146},[84,147769,1970],{"class":98},[84,147771,1973],{"class":633},[84,147773,637],{"class":146},[84,147775,1434],{"class":633},[84,147777,406],{"class":146},[84,147779,150],{"class":98},[84,147781,147782,147784,147786,147788],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,147783,156],{"class":133},[84,147785,137],{"class":98},[84,147787,42029],{"class":146},[84,147789,150],{"class":98},[20,147791,172],{},[75,147793,147794],{"className":77,"code":3233,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147795,147796],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147797,147798],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147799,3233],{"class":102},[995,147801,595,147803,147805],{"id":147802},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147804,146587],{}," to join text",[20,147807,5372],{},[75,147809,147811],{"className":77,"code":147810,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147812,147813,147869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147814,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147816,36928],{"class":90},[84,147818,95],{"class":94},[84,147820,99],{"class":98},[84,147822,3711],{"class":185},[84,147824,134711],{"class":189},[84,147826,3711],{"class":185},[84,147828,106],{"class":98},[84,147830,4211],{"class":185},[84,147832,12588],{"class":189},[84,147834,3711],{"class":185},[84,147836,106],{"class":98},[84,147838,4211],{"class":185},[84,147840,64104],{"class":189},[84,147842,3711],{"class":185},[84,147844,106],{"class":98},[84,147846,4211],{"class":185},[84,147848,61255],{"class":189},[84,147850,3711],{"class":185},[84,147852,106],{"class":98},[84,147854,4211],{"class":185},[84,147856,61290],{"class":189},[84,147858,3711],{"class":185},[84,147860,106],{"class":98},[84,147862,4211],{"class":185},[84,147864,1967],{"class":189},[84,147866,3711],{"class":185},[84,147868,122],{"class":98},[84,147870,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147872,156],{"class":133},[84,147874,137],{"class":98},[84,147876,146710],{"class":133},[84,147878,137],{"class":98},[84,147880,36981],{"class":146},[84,147882,169],{"class":98},[20,147884,224,147885,61349],{},[15,147886,134035],{},[75,147888,147890],{"className":77,"code":147889,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147891,147892,147948],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147893,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147895,36928],{"class":90},[84,147897,95],{"class":94},[84,147899,99],{"class":98},[84,147901,3711],{"class":185},[84,147903,134711],{"class":189},[84,147905,3711],{"class":185},[84,147907,106],{"class":98},[84,147909,4211],{"class":185},[84,147911,12588],{"class":189},[84,147913,3711],{"class":185},[84,147915,106],{"class":98},[84,147917,4211],{"class":185},[84,147919,64104],{"class":189},[84,147921,3711],{"class":185},[84,147923,106],{"class":98},[84,147925,4211],{"class":185},[84,147927,61255],{"class":189},[84,147929,3711],{"class":185},[84,147931,106],{"class":98},[84,147933,4211],{"class":185},[84,147935,61290],{"class":189},[84,147937,3711],{"class":185},[84,147939,106],{"class":98},[84,147941,4211],{"class":185},[84,147943,1967],{"class":189},[84,147945,3711],{"class":185},[84,147947,122],{"class":98},[84,147949,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,147951,156],{"class":133},[84,147953,137],{"class":98},[84,147955,7114],{"class":185},[84,147957,307],{"class":98},[84,147959,134112],{"class":146},[84,147961,137],{"class":98},[84,147963,36981],{"class":146},[84,147965,169],{"class":98},[20,147967,172],{},[75,147969,147970],{"className":77,"code":134792,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,147971,147972],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,147973,147974],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,147975,134792],{"class":90},[20,147977,147978,147979,307],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[303,147980,147981],{"href":135873},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[70,147983,147985,147987],{"id":147984},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147986,146587],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147989,147990,147992],{},[15,147991,146587],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[995,147994,595,147996],{"id":147995},"using-sum",[15,147997,146587],{},[75,147999,148001],{"className":77,"code":148000,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,148002,148003,148023,148037],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148004,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148006,91],{"class":90},[84,148008,95],{"class":94},[84,148010,99],{"class":98},[84,148012,217],{"class":102},[84,148014,106],{"class":98},[84,148016,6836],{"class":102},[84,148018,106],{"class":98},[84,148020,54952],{"class":102},[84,148022,122],{"class":98},[84,148024,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148026,42000],{"class":90},[84,148028,95],{"class":94},[84,148030,146640],{"class":133},[84,148032,137],{"class":98},[84,148034,535],{"class":146},[84,148036,150],{"class":98},[84,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148040,156],{"class":133},[84,148042,137],{"class":98},[84,148044,42029],{"class":146},[84,148046,150],{"class":98},[995,148048,148050],{"id":148049},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[75,148052,148054],{"className":77,"code":148053,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,148055,148056,148076,148084,148088,148100,148108,148112],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148059,91],{"class":90},[84,148061,95],{"class":94},[84,148063,99],{"class":98},[84,148065,217],{"class":102},[84,148067,106],{"class":98},[84,148069,6836],{"class":102},[84,148071,106],{"class":98},[84,148073,54952],{"class":102},[84,148075,122],{"class":98},[84,148077,148078,148080,148082],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148079,42000],{"class":90},[84,148081,95],{"class":94},[84,148083,39337],{"class":102},[84,148085,148086],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148087,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,148091,1428],{"class":633},[84,148093,7228],{"class":90},[84,148095,1434],{"class":633},[84,148097,147],{"class":90},[84,148099,1440],{"class":98},[84,148101,148102,148104,148106],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,148103,90705],{"class":90},[84,148105,90708],{"class":94},[84,148107,90711],{"class":90},[84,148109,148110],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,148111,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,148113,148114,148116,148118,148120],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,148115,156],{"class":133},[84,148117,137],{"class":98},[84,148119,42029],{"class":146},[84,148121,150],{"class":98},[20,148123,148124],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,148126,1174,148127,148129],{},[15,148128,146587],{}," is often better:",[30,148131,148132,148135,148138],{},[33,148133,148134],{},"Shorter code",[33,148136,148137],{},"Easier to read",[33,148139,148140],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,148142,148143],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,148145,148146,148149,148152],{},[33,148147,148148],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,148150,148151],{},"You need extra checks",[33,148153,148154],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148156,148157,148158,148161,148162,148164],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[303,148159,148160],{"href":40826},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148163,146587],{}," on the filtered result.",[70,148166,3686],{"id":3685},[20,148168,148169,148170,3743],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148171,146587],{},[30,148173,148174,148180,148187,148194],{},[33,148175,148176,148177],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148178,148179],{},"sum(5)",[33,148181,148182,148183,148186],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148184,148185],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,148188,595,148189,148191,148192],{},[15,148190,146587],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148193,134035],{},[33,148195,148196],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148198,2583,148199,148201],{},[15,148200,146587],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[75,148203,148205],{"className":77,"code":148204,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148206,148207,148217,148231,148255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148208,148209,148211,148213,148215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148210,156],{"class":133},[84,148212,137],{"class":98},[84,148214,6201],{"class":146},[84,148216,150],{"class":98},[84,148218,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148220,156],{"class":133},[84,148222,137],{"class":98},[84,148224,2624],{"class":140},[84,148226,137],{"class":98},[84,148228,6201],{"class":146},[84,148230,169],{"class":98},[84,148232,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148234,156],{"class":133},[84,148236,3845],{"class":98},[84,148238,2624],{"class":140},[84,148240,137],{"class":98},[84,148242,625],{"class":146},[84,148244,1970],{"class":98},[84,148246,1973],{"class":633},[84,148248,637],{"class":146},[84,148250,1434],{"class":633},[84,148252,406],{"class":146},[84,148254,4737],{"class":98},[84,148256,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,148258,156],{"class":133},[84,148260,137],{"class":98},[84,148262,146710],{"class":133},[84,148264,3845],{"class":98},[84,148266,365],{"class":140},[84,148268,137],{"class":98},[84,148270,625],{"class":146},[84,148272,1970],{"class":98},[84,148274,1973],{"class":633},[84,148276,637],{"class":146},[84,148278,1434],{"class":633},[84,148280,406],{"class":146},[84,148282,3858],{"class":98},[20,148284,136606],{},[30,148286,148287,148293,148299,148304],{},[33,148288,148289,148292],{},[15,148290,148291],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,148294,148295,148298],{},[15,148296,148297],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,148300,148301,136628],{},[15,148302,148303],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,148305,148306,148309],{},[15,148307,148308],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[70,148311,2694],{"id":2693},[995,148313,5987,148315,5990],{"id":148314},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148316,146587],{},[20,148318,148319],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[995,148321,2734,148323,148325],{"id":148322},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148324,146587],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148327,31112,148328,3736,148331,148334],{},[15,148329,148330],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148332,148333],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[995,148336,2734,148338,148340],{"id":148337},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148339,146587],{}," work with floats?",[20,148342,148343],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[995,148345,148347,148348,3348],{"id":148346},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148349,146587],{},[20,148351,148352,148353,148355],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148354,36910],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[995,148357,6003,148359,119991,148361,3348],{"id":148358},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148360,146587],{},[15,148362,3864],{},[20,148364,148365],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[70,148367,2751],{"id":2750},[30,148369,148370,148374,148380,148386,148392,148396,148400],{},[33,148371,148372],{},[303,148373,147070],{"href":3276},[33,148375,148376],{},[303,148377,13,148378,591],{"href":37032},[15,148379,37035],{},[33,148381,148382],{},[303,148383,13,148384,591],{"href":43175},[15,148385,43178],{},[33,148387,148388],{},[303,148389,13,148390,591],{"href":42992},[15,148391,545],{},[33,148393,148394],{},[303,148395,2773],{"href":40826},[33,148397,148398],{},[303,148399,4383],{"href":3821},[33,148401,148402],{},[303,148403,147981],{"href":135873},[2785,148405,148406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":148408},[148409,148410,148412,148413,148414,148416,148424,148430,148437,148443,148444,148456],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":146666,"depth":125,"text":148411},"What sum() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":146844,"depth":125,"text":148415},"Using the start value",{"id":146946,"depth":125,"text":148417,"children":148418},"What sum() can work with",[148419,148420,148421,148423],{"id":41241,"depth":153,"text":41242},{"id":52862,"depth":153,"text":147012},{"id":147073,"depth":153,"text":148422},"Values from range()",{"id":147121,"depth":153,"text":147122},{"id":147195,"depth":125,"text":148425,"children":148426},"What sum() does not work with",[148427,148428,148429],{"id":147206,"depth":153,"text":147207},{"id":147323,"depth":153,"text":147324},{"id":147381,"depth":153,"text":147382},{"id":42321,"depth":125,"text":42322,"children":148431},[148432,148433,148434,148435],{"id":7362,"depth":153,"text":7363},{"id":147517,"depth":153,"text":147518},{"id":147665,"depth":153,"text":147666},{"id":147802,"depth":153,"text":148436},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147984,"depth":125,"text":148438,"children":148439},"sum() vs manual loop",[148440,148442],{"id":147995,"depth":153,"text":148441},"Using sum()",{"id":148049,"depth":153,"text":148050},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":148445},[148446,148448,148450,148452,148454],{"id":148314,"depth":153,"text":148447},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148322,"depth":153,"text":148449},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148337,"depth":153,"text":148451},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148346,"depth":153,"text":148453},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148358,"depth":153,"text":148455},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146579,"description":148457},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148464,"title":148465,"body":148466,"description":149868,"extension":2830,"meta":149869,"navigation":472,"path":149870,"seo":149871,"stem":149872,"__hash__":149873},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148467,"toc":149836},[148468,148474,148480,148483,148546,148552,148557,148561,148578,148592,148596,148616,148630,148632,148725,148727,148741,148743,148746,148835,148837,148845,148854,148856,148860,148881,148883,148975,148977,148998,149000,149004,149018,149020,149094,149096,149115,149119,149122,149145,149147,149258,149265,149273,149275,149281,149284,149327,149330,149353,149361,149365,149440,149446,149471,149478,149481,149484,149488,149493,149581,149589,149593,149596,149621,149625,149686,149690,149739,149749,149751,149756,149759,149765,149768,149772,149776,149782,149785,149793,149801,149803,149833],[10,148469,148471,148472,12166],{"id":148470},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148473,58106],{},[20,148475,148476,148479],{},[15,148477,148478],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148481,148482],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[75,148484,148486],{"className":77,"code":148485,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148487,148488,148516,148534],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148489,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148491,91],{"class":90},[84,148493,95],{"class":94},[84,148495,10076],{"class":98},[84,148497,103],{"class":102},[84,148499,106],{"class":98},[84,148501,109],{"class":102},[84,148503,106],{"class":98},[84,148505,109],{"class":102},[84,148507,106],{"class":98},[84,148509,114],{"class":102},[84,148511,106],{"class":98},[84,148513,109],{"class":102},[84,148515,150],{"class":98},[84,148517,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148519,128],{"class":90},[84,148521,95],{"class":94},[84,148523,147],{"class":90},[84,148525,307],{"class":98},[84,148527,42077],{"class":146},[84,148529,137],{"class":98},[84,148531,199],{"class":102},[84,148533,150],{"class":98},[84,148535,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148537,156],{"class":133},[84,148539,137],{"class":98},[84,148541,166],{"class":146},[84,148543,1970],{"class":98},[84,148545,51586],{"class":4517},[20,148547,224,148548,148551],{},[15,148549,148550],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[70,148553,235,148555,238],{"id":148554},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148556,148478],{},[20,148558,148559,3743],{},[15,148560,148550],{},[30,148562,148563,148569,148572,148575],{},[33,148564,148565,148566,148568],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148567,3329],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,148570,148571],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,148573,148574],{},"Returns an integer",[33,148576,148577],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148579,148580,148581,148583,148584,3736,148588,307],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148582,58106],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,148585,148587],{"href":148586},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[303,148589,148591],{"href":148590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[70,148593,148595],{"id":148594},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[75,148597,148599],{"className":77,"code":148598,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148600,148601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148602,148603,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148604,148605],{"class":90},"my_tuple",[84,148607,307],{"class":98},[84,148609,42077],{"class":146},[84,148611,137],{"class":98},[84,148613,3329],{"class":146},[84,148615,150],{"class":98},[30,148617,148618,148622,148625],{},[33,148619,148620,58271],{},[15,148621,3329],{},[33,148623,148624],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,148626,148627,148628],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148629,2983],{},[995,148631,103706],{"id":103705},[75,148633,148635],{"className":77,"code":148634,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148636,148637,148677,148701],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148638,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148640,13919],{"class":90},[84,148642,95],{"class":94},[84,148644,10076],{"class":98},[84,148646,3711],{"class":185},[84,148648,13936],{"class":189},[84,148650,3711],{"class":185},[84,148652,106],{"class":98},[84,148654,4211],{"class":185},[84,148656,13953],{"class":189},[84,148658,3711],{"class":185},[84,148660,106],{"class":98},[84,148662,4211],{"class":185},[84,148664,13936],{"class":189},[84,148666,3711],{"class":185},[84,148668,106],{"class":98},[84,148670,4211],{"class":185},[84,148672,18296],{"class":189},[84,148674,3711],{"class":185},[84,148676,150],{"class":98},[84,148678,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148680,156],{"class":133},[84,148682,137],{"class":98},[84,148684,18343],{"class":146},[84,148686,307],{"class":98},[84,148688,42077],{"class":146},[84,148690,137],{"class":98},[84,148692,3711],{"class":185},[84,148694,13936],{"class":189},[84,148696,3711],{"class":185},[84,148698,6204],{"class":98},[84,148700,58461],{"class":4517},[84,148702,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148704,156],{"class":133},[84,148706,137],{"class":98},[84,148708,18343],{"class":146},[84,148710,307],{"class":98},[84,148712,42077],{"class":146},[84,148714,137],{"class":98},[84,148716,3711],{"class":185},[84,148718,23367],{"class":189},[84,148720,3711],{"class":185},[84,148722,6204],{"class":98},[84,148724,52063],{"class":4517},[20,148726,20799],{},[30,148728,148729,148734],{},[33,148730,148731,148733],{},[15,148732,66209],{}," appears 2 times",[33,148735,148736,148738,148739],{},[15,148737,110402],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148740,2983],{},[70,148742,418],{"id":417},[20,148744,148745],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[75,148747,148749],{"className":77,"code":148748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148750,148751,148799,148803,148825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148752,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148754,37076],{"class":90},[84,148756,95],{"class":94},[84,148758,10076],{"class":98},[84,148760,3711],{"class":185},[84,148762,4928],{"class":189},[84,148764,3711],{"class":185},[84,148766,106],{"class":98},[84,148768,4211],{"class":185},[84,148770,4937],{"class":189},[84,148772,3711],{"class":185},[84,148774,106],{"class":98},[84,148776,4211],{"class":185},[84,148778,4928],{"class":189},[84,148780,3711],{"class":185},[84,148782,106],{"class":98},[84,148784,4211],{"class":185},[84,148786,34061],{"class":189},[84,148788,3711],{"class":185},[84,148790,106],{"class":98},[84,148792,4211],{"class":185},[84,148794,4928],{"class":189},[84,148796,3711],{"class":185},[84,148798,150],{"class":98},[84,148800,148801],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148802,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,148804,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148806,128],{"class":90},[84,148808,95],{"class":94},[84,148810,53668],{"class":90},[84,148812,307],{"class":98},[84,148814,42077],{"class":146},[84,148816,137],{"class":98},[84,148818,3711],{"class":185},[84,148820,4928],{"class":189},[84,148822,3711],{"class":185},[84,148824,150],{"class":98},[84,148826,148827,148829,148831,148833],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,148828,156],{"class":133},[84,148830,137],{"class":98},[84,148832,166],{"class":146},[84,148834,150],{"class":98},[20,148836,172],{},[75,148838,148839],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,148840,148841],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148842,148843],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148844,1474],{"class":102},[20,148846,148847,148849,148850,3254,148852,307],{},[15,148848,58649],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148851,58106],{},[15,148853,208],{},[70,148855,38846],{"id":38845},[20,148857,58360,148858,129341],{},[15,148859,58106],{},[30,148861,148862,148867,148872,148875],{},[33,148863,12268,148864,148866],{},[15,148865,2983],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148868,12268,148869,148871],{},[15,148870,103],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148873,148874],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148876,148877,148878,148880],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148879,7836],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148882,814],{},[75,148884,148886],{"className":77,"code":148885,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148887,148888,148929,148933,148960],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148889,148890,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148891,148892],{"class":90},"answers ",[84,148894,95],{"class":94},[84,148896,10076],{"class":98},[84,148898,3711],{"class":185},[84,148900,9497],{"class":189},[84,148902,3711],{"class":185},[84,148904,106],{"class":98},[84,148906,4211],{"class":185},[84,148908,9436],{"class":189},[84,148910,3711],{"class":185},[84,148912,106],{"class":98},[84,148914,4211],{"class":185},[84,148916,9497],{"class":189},[84,148918,3711],{"class":185},[84,148920,106],{"class":98},[84,148922,4211],{"class":185},[84,148924,9497],{"class":189},[84,148926,3711],{"class":185},[84,148928,150],{"class":98},[84,148930,148931],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,148932,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,148934,148935,148937,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,148936,7836],{"class":633},[84,148938,148939],{"class":90}," answers",[84,148941,307],{"class":98},[84,148943,42077],{"class":146},[84,148945,137],{"class":98},[84,148947,3711],{"class":185},[84,148949,9497],{"class":189},[84,148951,3711],{"class":185},[84,148953,1970],{"class":98},[84,148955,39220],{"class":94},[84,148957,6341],{"class":102},[84,148959,1440],{"class":98},[84,148961,148962,148964,148966,148968,148971,148973],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,148963,1445],{"class":133},[84,148965,137],{"class":98},[84,148967,3711],{"class":185},[84,148969,148970],{"class":189},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[84,148972,3711],{"class":185},[84,148974,150],{"class":98},[20,148976,172],{},[75,148978,148980],{"className":77,"code":148979,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148981,148982],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,148983,148984,148987,148989,148991,148993,148996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,148985,148986],{"class":90},"The answer ",[84,148988,186],{"class":185},[84,148990,9497],{"class":189},[84,148992,186],{"class":185},[84,148994,148995],{"class":90}," appears more than once",[84,148997,122985],{"class":98},[70,148999,41863],{"id":41862},[20,149001,36242,149002,105169],{},[15,149003,148478],{},[30,149005,149006,149009,149012,149015],{},[33,149007,149008],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,149010,149011],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,149013,149014],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,149016,149017],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,149019,814],{},[75,149021,149023],{"className":77,"code":149022,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,149024,149025,149053,149057,149079],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149026,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149028,5911],{"class":90},[84,149030,95],{"class":94},[84,149032,10076],{"class":98},[84,149034,437],{"class":102},[84,149036,106],{"class":98},[84,149038,442],{"class":102},[84,149040,106],{"class":98},[84,149042,6847],{"class":102},[84,149044,106],{"class":98},[84,149046,447],{"class":102},[84,149048,106],{"class":98},[84,149050,6847],{"class":102},[84,149052,150],{"class":98},[84,149054,149055],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149056,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,149058,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149060,7836],{"class":633},[84,149062,5958],{"class":90},[84,149064,307],{"class":98},[84,149066,42077],{"class":146},[84,149068,137],{"class":98},[84,149070,437],{"class":102},[84,149072,1970],{"class":98},[84,149074,52104],{"class":94},[84,149076,109],{"class":102},[84,149078,1440],{"class":98},[84,149080,149081,149083,149085,149087,149090,149092],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,149082,1445],{"class":133},[84,149084,137],{"class":98},[84,149086,3711],{"class":185},[84,149088,149089],{"class":189},"The score 10 is repeated.",[84,149091,3711],{"class":185},[84,149093,150],{"class":98},[20,149095,172],{},[75,149097,149099],{"className":77,"code":149098,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,149100,149101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149102,149103,149106,149108,149110,149113],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149104,149105],{"class":90},"The score ",[84,149107,437],{"class":102},[84,149109,8935],{"class":94},[84,149111,149112],{"class":90}," repeated",[84,149114,122985],{"class":98},[70,149116,149118],{"id":149117},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,149120,149121],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,149123,149124,149130,149135,149138],{},[33,149125,149126,149127,149129],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,149128,58106],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,149131,149132,149134],{},[15,149133,58106],{}," counts exact matches",[33,149136,149137],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,149139,149140,5241,149142,149144],{},[15,149141,103],{},[15,149143,42975],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,149146,814],{},[75,149148,149150],{"className":77,"code":149149,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,149151,149152,149186,149190,149210,149234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149153,149154,149156,149158,149160,149162,149164,149167,149169,149171,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149155,1777],{"class":90},[84,149157,95],{"class":94},[84,149159,10076],{"class":98},[84,149161,103],{"class":102},[84,149163,106],{"class":98},[84,149165,149166],{"class":102}," 1.0",[84,149168,106],{"class":98},[84,149170,4211],{"class":185},[84,149172,149173],{"class":189},"Cat",[84,149175,3711],{"class":185},[84,149177,106],{"class":98},[84,149179,4211],{"class":185},[84,149181,37884],{"class":189},[84,149183,3711],{"class":185},[84,149185,150],{"class":98},[84,149187,149188],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149189,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,149191,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149193,156],{"class":133},[84,149195,137],{"class":98},[84,149197,6201],{"class":146},[84,149199,307],{"class":98},[84,149201,42077],{"class":146},[84,149203,137],{"class":98},[84,149205,103],{"class":102},[84,149207,6204],{"class":98},[84,149209,51910],{"class":4517},[84,149211,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,149213,156],{"class":133},[84,149215,137],{"class":98},[84,149217,6201],{"class":146},[84,149219,307],{"class":98},[84,149221,42077],{"class":146},[84,149223,137],{"class":98},[84,149225,3711],{"class":185},[84,149227,149173],{"class":189},[84,149229,3711],{"class":185},[84,149231,6204],{"class":98},[84,149233,28620],{"class":4517},[84,149235,149236,149238,149240,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,149237,156],{"class":133},[84,149239,137],{"class":98},[84,149241,6201],{"class":146},[84,149243,307],{"class":98},[84,149245,42077],{"class":146},[84,149247,137],{"class":98},[84,149249,3711],{"class":185},[84,149251,37884],{"class":189},[84,149253,3711],{"class":185},[84,149255,6204],{"class":98},[84,149257,28620],{"class":4517},[20,149259,6003,149260,6006,149263,3348],{},[15,149261,149262],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149264,199],{},[20,149266,9625,149267,5631,149270,149272],{},[15,149268,149269],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149271,4459],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[70,149274,3686],{"id":3685},[995,149276,595,149278,149280],{"id":149277},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149279,42077],{}," without parentheses",[20,149282,149283],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[75,149285,149287],{"className":77,"code":149286,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149288,149289,149313],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149290,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149292,91],{"class":90},[84,149294,95],{"class":94},[84,149296,10076],{"class":98},[84,149298,103],{"class":102},[84,149300,106],{"class":98},[84,149302,109],{"class":102},[84,149304,106],{"class":98},[84,149306,109],{"class":102},[84,149308,106],{"class":98},[84,149310,114],{"class":102},[84,149312,150],{"class":98},[84,149314,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149316,156],{"class":133},[84,149318,137],{"class":98},[84,149320,535],{"class":146},[84,149322,307],{"class":98},[84,149324,42077],{"class":25590},[84,149326,150],{"class":98},[20,149328,149329],{},"To call the method correctly:",[75,149331,149333],{"className":77,"code":149332,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149334,149335],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149336,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149338,156],{"class":133},[84,149340,137],{"class":98},[84,149342,535],{"class":146},[84,149344,307],{"class":98},[84,149346,42077],{"class":146},[84,149348,137],{"class":98},[84,149350,199],{"class":102},[84,149352,169],{"class":98},[995,149354,9291,149355,9294,149357,3736,149359],{"id":59409},[15,149356,58106],{},[15,149358,4459],{},[15,149360,4528],{},[20,149362,149363,59420],{},[15,149364,58106],{},[75,149366,149368],{"className":77,"code":149367,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149369,149370,149402,149424,149428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149373,36928],{"class":90},[84,149375,95],{"class":94},[84,149377,10076],{"class":98},[84,149379,3711],{"class":185},[84,149381,303],{"class":189},[84,149383,3711],{"class":185},[84,149385,106],{"class":98},[84,149387,4211],{"class":185},[84,149389,5608],{"class":189},[84,149391,3711],{"class":185},[84,149393,106],{"class":98},[84,149395,4211],{"class":185},[84,149397,303],{"class":189},[84,149399,3711],{"class":185},[84,149401,150],{"class":98},[84,149403,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149405,128],{"class":90},[84,149407,95],{"class":94},[84,149409,70910],{"class":90},[84,149411,307],{"class":98},[84,149413,42077],{"class":146},[84,149415,137],{"class":98},[84,149417,3711],{"class":185},[84,149419,303],{"class":189},[84,149421,3711],{"class":185},[84,149423,150],{"class":98},[84,149425,149426],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149427,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,149429,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,149431,156],{"class":133},[84,149433,137],{"class":98},[84,149435,166],{"class":146},[84,149437,1970],{"class":98},[84,149439,52231],{"class":4517},[20,149441,149442,149443,149445],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149444,1434],{}," is often simpler:",[75,149447,149449],{"className":77,"code":149448,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149450,149451],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149452,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149454,156],{"class":133},[84,149456,137],{"class":98},[84,149458,3711],{"class":185},[84,149460,303],{"class":189},[84,149462,3711],{"class":185},[84,149464,22016],{"class":633},[84,149466,70910],{"class":146},[84,149468,1970],{"class":98},[84,149470,4518],{"class":4517},[995,149472,38041,149474,9544,149476],{"id":149473},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149475,148478],{},[15,149477,58111],{},[20,149479,149480],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149482,149483],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[995,149485,149487],{"id":149486},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149489,149490,149492],{},[15,149491,58106],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[75,149494,149496],{"className":77,"code":149495,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149497,149498,149531,149557],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149499,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149501,4919],{"class":90},[84,149503,95],{"class":94},[84,149505,10076],{"class":98},[84,149507,3711],{"class":185},[84,149509,4928],{"class":189},[84,149511,3711],{"class":185},[84,149513,106],{"class":98},[84,149515,4211],{"class":185},[84,149517,149518],{"class":189},"pineapple",[84,149520,3711],{"class":185},[84,149522,106],{"class":98},[84,149524,4211],{"class":185},[84,149526,4928],{"class":189},[84,149528,3711],{"class":185},[84,149530,150],{"class":98},[84,149532,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149550,149552,149554],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149534,156],{"class":133},[84,149536,137],{"class":98},[84,149538,4963],{"class":146},[84,149540,307],{"class":98},[84,149542,42077],{"class":146},[84,149544,137],{"class":98},[84,149546,3711],{"class":185},[84,149548,149549],{"class":189},"app",[84,149551,3711],{"class":185},[84,149553,6204],{"class":98},[84,149555,149556],{"class":4517},"    # 0\n",[84,149558,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149560,156],{"class":133},[84,149562,137],{"class":98},[84,149564,4963],{"class":146},[84,149566,307],{"class":98},[84,149568,42077],{"class":146},[84,149570,137],{"class":98},[84,149572,3711],{"class":185},[84,149574,4928],{"class":189},[84,149576,3711],{"class":185},[84,149578,6204],{"class":98},[84,149580,52231],{"class":4517},[20,149582,149583,149586,149587,307],{},[15,149584,149585],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149588,2983],{},[70,149590,149592],{"id":149591},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149594,149595],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,149597,149598,149603,149612,149618],{},[33,149599,224,149600,149602],{},[15,149601,1434],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,149604,224,149605,149611],{},[303,149606,149608,149609],{"href":149607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149610,59784],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,149613,224,149614,149617],{},[15,149615,149616],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,149619,149620],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149622,46857,149623,3743],{},[15,149624,1434],{},[75,149626,149628],{"className":77,"code":149627,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149629,149630,149650,149654,149670],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149633,91],{"class":90},[84,149635,95],{"class":94},[84,149637,10076],{"class":98},[84,149639,217],{"class":102},[84,149641,106],{"class":98},[84,149643,6836],{"class":102},[84,149645,106],{"class":98},[84,149647,54952],{"class":102},[84,149649,150],{"class":98},[84,149651,149652],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149653,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149657,156],{"class":133},[84,149659,137],{"class":98},[84,149661,2891],{"class":102},[84,149663,22016],{"class":633},[84,149665,147],{"class":146},[84,149667,1970],{"class":98},[84,149669,44673],{"class":4517},[84,149671,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,149673,156],{"class":133},[84,149675,137],{"class":98},[84,149677,3000],{"class":102},[84,149679,22016],{"class":633},[84,149681,147],{"class":146},[84,149683,1970],{"class":98},[84,149685,44690],{"class":4517},[20,149687,46857,149688,3743],{},[15,149689,59784],{},[75,149691,149693],{"className":77,"code":149692,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149694,149695,149719],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149696,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149698,91],{"class":90},[84,149700,95],{"class":94},[84,149702,10076],{"class":98},[84,149704,217],{"class":102},[84,149706,106],{"class":98},[84,149708,6836],{"class":102},[84,149710,106],{"class":98},[84,149712,54952],{"class":102},[84,149714,106],{"class":98},[84,149716,6836],{"class":102},[84,149718,150],{"class":98},[84,149720,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149722,156],{"class":133},[84,149724,137],{"class":98},[84,149726,535],{"class":146},[84,149728,307],{"class":98},[84,149730,36683],{"class":146},[84,149732,137],{"class":98},[84,149734,2891],{"class":102},[84,149736,6204],{"class":98},[84,149738,28620],{"class":4517},[20,149740,149741,149743,149744,149746,149748],{},[15,149742,58106],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10687,149745],{},[15,149747,59784],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[70,149750,2694],{"id":2693},[995,149752,5987,149754,5990],{"id":149753},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149755,148478],{},[20,149757,149758],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[995,149760,2698,149762,149764],{"id":149761},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149763,148478],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149766,149767],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[995,149769,149771],{"id":149770},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149773,12754,149774,307],{},[15,149775,2983],{},[995,149777,2734,149779,149781],{"id":149778},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149780,148478],{}," count strings?",[20,149783,149784],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[995,149786,6024,149788,5241,149790,3348],{"id":149787},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149789,148478],{},[15,149791,149792],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149794,149795,149797,149798,149800],{},[15,149796,58106],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149799,59784],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[70,149802,2751],{"id":2750},[30,149804,149805,149809,149814,149821,149829],{},[33,149806,149807],{},[303,149808,148587],{"href":148586},[33,149810,149811],{},[303,149812,149813],{"href":148590},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,149815,149816],{},[303,149817,149818,149819,11583],{"href":149607},"Python tuple ",[15,149820,59784],{},[33,149822,149823],{},[303,149824,149826,149827],{"href":149825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149828,43178],{},[33,149830,149831],{},[303,149832,59772],{"href":59771},[2785,149834,149835],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":149837},[149838,149840,149843,149844,149845,149846,149847,149855,149856,149867],{"id":148554,"depth":125,"text":149839},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148594,"depth":125,"text":148595,"children":149841},[149842],{"id":103705,"depth":153,"text":103706},{"id":417,"depth":125,"text":418},{"id":38845,"depth":125,"text":38846},{"id":41862,"depth":125,"text":41863},{"id":149117,"depth":125,"text":149118},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":149848},[149849,149851,149852,149854],{"id":149277,"depth":153,"text":149850},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59409,"depth":153,"text":59825},{"id":149473,"depth":153,"text":149853},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149486,"depth":153,"text":149487},{"id":149591,"depth":125,"text":149592},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":149857},[149858,149860,149862,149863,149865],{"id":149753,"depth":153,"text":149859},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149761,"depth":153,"text":149861},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149770,"depth":153,"text":149771},{"id":149778,"depth":153,"text":149864},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149787,"depth":153,"text":149866},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148465,"description":149868},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149875,"title":149876,"body":149877,"description":151564,"extension":2830,"meta":151565,"navigation":472,"path":151566,"seo":151567,"stem":151568,"__hash__":151569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149878,"toc":151527},[149879,149882,149885,149894,149896,150026,150028,150089,150095,150097,150117,150121,150124,150127,150162,150164,150185,150188,150227,150229,150254,150261,150265,150268,150305,150307,150330,150333,150336,150348,150354,150358,150361,150367,150408,150410,150433,150436,150477,150479,150506,150508,150525,150527,150544,150547,150551,150554,150556,150590,150592,150639,150643,150682,150686,150689,150746,150748,150789,150795,150801,150806,150808,150845,150847,150867,150869,150902,150904,150937,150940,150944,150977,150979,151004,151007,151009,151023,151030,151032,151035,151039,151042,151077,151080,151115,151119,151122,151161,151164,151203,151207,151209,151239,151242,151249,151251,151283,151286,151318,151321,151352,151354,151371,151375,151378,151442,151444,151448,151455,151459,151462,151466,151469,151473,151476,151481,151487,151489,151524],[10,149880,149876],{"id":149881},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149883,149884],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149886,149887,149888,3736,149892,307],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[303,149889,149891],{"href":149890},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[303,149893,148587],{"href":148586},[70,149895,73],{"id":72},[75,149897,149899],{"className":77,"code":149898,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149900,149901,149921,149930,149944,149980,149984,149994,150004,150015],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,149902,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,149904,91],{"class":90},[84,149906,95],{"class":94},[84,149908,10076],{"class":98},[84,149910,103],{"class":102},[84,149912,106],{"class":98},[84,149914,109],{"class":102},[84,149916,106],{"class":98},[84,149918,114],{"class":102},[84,149920,150],{"class":98},[84,149922,149923,149925,149927],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,149924,125451],{"class":90},[84,149926,95],{"class":94},[84,149928,149929],{"class":98}," ()\n",[84,149931,149932,149935,149937,149939,149941],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,149933,149934],{"class":90},"one_item ",[84,149936,95],{"class":94},[84,149938,10076],{"class":98},[84,149940,3000],{"class":102},[84,149942,149943],{"class":98},",)\n",[84,149945,149946,149949,149951,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,149947,149948],{"class":90},"from_list ",[84,149950,95],{"class":94},[84,149952,149953],{"class":140}," tuple",[84,149955,3845],{"class":98},[84,149957,3711],{"class":185},[84,149959,303],{"class":189},[84,149961,3711],{"class":185},[84,149963,106],{"class":98},[84,149965,4211],{"class":185},[84,149967,5608],{"class":189},[84,149969,3711],{"class":185},[84,149971,106],{"class":98},[84,149973,4211],{"class":185},[84,149975,10580],{"class":189},[84,149977,3711],{"class":185},[84,149979,4737],{"class":98},[84,149981,149982],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,149983,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,149987,156],{"class":133},[84,149989,137],{"class":98},[84,149991,535],{"class":146},[84,149993,150],{"class":98},[84,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,149997,156],{"class":133},[84,149999,137],{"class":98},[84,150001,125502],{"class":146},[84,150003,150],{"class":98},[84,150005,150006,150008,150010,150013],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,150007,156],{"class":133},[84,150009,137],{"class":98},[84,150011,150012],{"class":146},"one_item",[84,150014,150],{"class":98},[84,150016,150017,150019,150021,150024],{"class":86,"line":933},[84,150018,156],{"class":133},[84,150020,137],{"class":98},[84,150022,150023],{"class":146},"from_list",[84,150025,150],{"class":98},[20,150027,172],{},[75,150029,150031],{"className":77,"code":150030,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150032,150033,150049,150053,150061],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150034,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150036,137],{"class":98},[84,150038,103],{"class":102},[84,150040,106],{"class":98},[84,150042,109],{"class":102},[84,150044,106],{"class":98},[84,150046,114],{"class":102},[84,150048,150],{"class":98},[84,150050,150051],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150052,9482],{"class":98},[84,150054,150055,150057,150059],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,150056,137],{"class":98},[84,150058,3000],{"class":102},[84,150060,149943],{"class":98},[84,150062,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,150064,137],{"class":98},[84,150066,186],{"class":185},[84,150068,303],{"class":189},[84,150070,186],{"class":185},[84,150072,106],{"class":98},[84,150074,196],{"class":185},[84,150076,5608],{"class":189},[84,150078,186],{"class":185},[84,150080,106],{"class":98},[84,150082,196],{"class":185},[84,150084,10580],{"class":189},[84,150086,186],{"class":185},[84,150088,150],{"class":98},[20,150090,150091,150092,307],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,150093,150094],{},"(5,)",[70,150096,16006],{"id":16005},[30,150098,150099,150102,150105,150108,150111,150114],{},[33,150100,150101],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,150103,150104],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,150106,150107],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,150109,150110],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,150112,150113],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,150115,150116],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[70,150118,150120],{"id":150119},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,150122,150123],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,150125,150126],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[75,150128,150130],{"className":77,"code":150129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150131,150132,150152],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150135,91],{"class":90},[84,150137,95],{"class":94},[84,150139,10076],{"class":98},[84,150141,103],{"class":102},[84,150143,106],{"class":98},[84,150145,109],{"class":102},[84,150147,106],{"class":98},[84,150149,114],{"class":102},[84,150151,150],{"class":98},[84,150153,150154,150156,150158,150160],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150155,156],{"class":133},[84,150157,137],{"class":98},[84,150159,535],{"class":146},[84,150161,150],{"class":98},[20,150163,172],{},[75,150165,150167],{"className":77,"code":150166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150168,150169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150170,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150172,137],{"class":98},[84,150174,103],{"class":102},[84,150176,106],{"class":98},[84,150178,109],{"class":102},[84,150180,106],{"class":98},[84,150182,114],{"class":102},[84,150184,150],{"class":98},[20,150186,150187],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[75,150189,150191],{"className":77,"code":150190,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150192,150193,150217],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150194,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150196,10005],{"class":90},[84,150198,95],{"class":94},[84,150200,10076],{"class":98},[84,150202,103],{"class":102},[84,150204,106],{"class":98},[84,150206,4211],{"class":185},[84,150208,4928],{"class":189},[84,150210,3711],{"class":185},[84,150212,106],{"class":98},[84,150214,4764],{"class":4704},[84,150216,150],{"class":98},[84,150218,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150220,156],{"class":133},[84,150222,137],{"class":98},[84,150224,10044],{"class":146},[84,150226,150],{"class":98},[20,150228,172],{},[75,150230,150232],{"className":77,"code":150231,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150233,150234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150237,137],{"class":98},[84,150239,103],{"class":102},[84,150241,106],{"class":98},[84,150243,196],{"class":185},[84,150245,4928],{"class":189},[84,150247,186],{"class":185},[84,150249,106],{"class":98},[84,150251,4764],{"class":4704},[84,150253,150],{"class":98},[20,150255,150256,150257,307],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[303,150258,150260],{"href":150259},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[70,150262,150264],{"id":150263},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150266,150267],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[75,150269,150271],{"className":77,"code":150270,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150272,150273,150281,150291],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150274,150275,150277,150279],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150276,125451],{"class":90},[84,150278,95],{"class":94},[84,150280,149929],{"class":98},[84,150282,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150284,156],{"class":133},[84,150286,137],{"class":98},[84,150288,125502],{"class":146},[84,150290,150],{"class":98},[84,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,150294,156],{"class":133},[84,150296,137],{"class":98},[84,150298,2624],{"class":140},[84,150300,137],{"class":98},[84,150302,125502],{"class":146},[84,150304,169],{"class":98},[20,150306,172],{},[75,150308,150310],{"className":77,"code":150309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150311,150312,150316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150313,150314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150315,9482],{"class":98},[84,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150319,1251],{"class":94},[84,150321,4152],{"class":614},[84,150323,196],{"class":185},[84,150325,49768],{"class":189},[84,150327,186],{"class":185},[84,150329,1270],{"class":94},[20,150331,150332],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150334,150335],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,150337,150338,150343],{},[33,150339,150340,150341],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150342,8205],{},[33,150344,150345,150346],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150347,4639],{},[20,150349,150350,150351,307],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[303,150352,150353],{"href":57969},"Python list: creating a list",[70,150355,150357],{"id":150356},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150359,150360],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150362,150363,150364,150366],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[53,150365,55],{}," automatically a tuple:",[75,150368,150370],{"className":77,"code":150369,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150371,150372,150384,150394],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150373,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150375,3304],{"class":90},[84,150377,95],{"class":94},[84,150379,10076],{"class":98},[84,150381,3000],{"class":102},[84,150383,150],{"class":98},[84,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150387,156],{"class":133},[84,150389,137],{"class":98},[84,150391,3329],{"class":146},[84,150393,150],{"class":98},[84,150395,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,150397,156],{"class":133},[84,150399,137],{"class":98},[84,150401,2624],{"class":140},[84,150403,137],{"class":98},[84,150405,3329],{"class":146},[84,150407,169],{"class":98},[20,150409,172],{},[75,150411,150413],{"className":77,"code":150412,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150414,150415,150419],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150416,150417],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150418,3806],{"class":102},[84,150420,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150422,1251],{"class":94},[84,150424,4152],{"class":614},[84,150426,196],{"class":185},[84,150428,365],{"class":189},[84,150430,186],{"class":185},[84,150432,1270],{"class":94},[20,150434,150435],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[75,150437,150439],{"className":77,"code":150438,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150440,150441,150453,150463],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150442,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150444,149934],{"class":90},[84,150446,95],{"class":94},[84,150448,10076],{"class":98},[84,150450,3000],{"class":102},[84,150452,149943],{"class":98},[84,150454,150455,150457,150459,150461],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150456,156],{"class":133},[84,150458,137],{"class":98},[84,150460,150012],{"class":146},[84,150462,150],{"class":98},[84,150464,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,150466,156],{"class":133},[84,150468,137],{"class":98},[84,150470,2624],{"class":140},[84,150472,137],{"class":98},[84,150474,150012],{"class":146},[84,150476,169],{"class":98},[20,150478,172],{},[75,150480,150482],{"className":77,"code":150481,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150483,150484,150492],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150485,150486,150488,150490],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150487,137],{"class":98},[84,150489,3000],{"class":102},[84,150491,149943],{"class":98},[84,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150495,1251],{"class":94},[84,150497,4152],{"class":614},[84,150499,196],{"class":185},[84,150501,49768],{"class":189},[84,150503,186],{"class":185},[84,150505,1270],{"class":94},[20,150507,2211],{},[75,150509,150511],{"className":77,"code":150510,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150512,150513],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150514,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150516,137],{"class":98},[84,150518,3711],{"class":185},[84,150520,4928],{"class":189},[84,150522,3711],{"class":185},[84,150524,149943],{"class":98},[20,150526,2155],{},[75,150528,150530],{"className":77,"code":150529,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150531,150532],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150533,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150535,137],{"class":98},[84,150537,3711],{"class":185},[84,150539,4928],{"class":189},[84,150541,3711],{"class":185},[84,150543,150],{"class":98},[20,150545,150546],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[70,150548,150550],{"id":150549},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150552,150553],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[995,150555,57277],{"id":535},[75,150557,150558],{"className":77,"code":150129,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,150559,150560,150580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150561,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150563,91],{"class":90},[84,150565,95],{"class":94},[84,150567,10076],{"class":98},[84,150569,103],{"class":102},[84,150571,106],{"class":98},[84,150573,109],{"class":102},[84,150575,106],{"class":98},[84,150577,114],{"class":102},[84,150579,150],{"class":98},[84,150581,150582,150584,150586,150588],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150583,156],{"class":133},[84,150585,137],{"class":98},[84,150587,535],{"class":146},[84,150589,150],{"class":98},[995,150591,57280],{"id":6151},[75,150593,150595],{"className":77,"code":150594,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150596,150597,150629],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150598,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150600,13919],{"class":90},[84,150602,95],{"class":94},[84,150604,10076],{"class":98},[84,150606,3711],{"class":185},[84,150608,13936],{"class":189},[84,150610,3711],{"class":185},[84,150612,106],{"class":98},[84,150614,4211],{"class":185},[84,150616,18296],{"class":189},[84,150618,3711],{"class":185},[84,150620,106],{"class":98},[84,150622,4211],{"class":185},[84,150624,13953],{"class":189},[84,150626,3711],{"class":185},[84,150628,150],{"class":98},[84,150630,150631,150633,150635,150637],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150632,156],{"class":133},[84,150634,137],{"class":98},[84,150636,18343],{"class":146},[84,150638,150],{"class":98},[995,150640,150642],{"id":150641},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[75,150644,150646],{"className":77,"code":150645,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150647,150648,150672],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150649,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150651,60289],{"class":90},[84,150653,95],{"class":94},[84,150655,10076],{"class":98},[84,150657,103],{"class":102},[84,150659,106],{"class":98},[84,150661,4211],{"class":185},[84,150663,4928],{"class":189},[84,150665,3711],{"class":185},[84,150667,106],{"class":98},[84,150669,4764],{"class":4704},[84,150671,150],{"class":98},[84,150673,150674,150676,150678,150680],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150675,156],{"class":133},[84,150677,137],{"class":98},[84,150679,60342],{"class":146},[84,150681,150],{"class":98},[995,150683,150685],{"id":150684},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150687,150688],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[75,150690,150692],{"className":77,"code":150691,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150693,150694,150735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150695,150696,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150697,150698],{"class":90},"nested ",[84,150700,95],{"class":94},[84,150702,10076],{"class":98},[84,150704,103],{"class":102},[84,150706,106],{"class":98},[84,150708,10076],{"class":98},[84,150710,3711],{"class":185},[84,150712,303],{"class":189},[84,150714,3711],{"class":185},[84,150716,106],{"class":98},[84,150718,4211],{"class":185},[84,150720,5608],{"class":189},[84,150722,3711],{"class":185},[84,150724,10073],{"class":98},[84,150726,99],{"class":98},[84,150728,437],{"class":102},[84,150730,106],{"class":98},[84,150732,442],{"class":102},[84,150734,4737],{"class":98},[84,150736,150737,150739,150741,150744],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150738,156],{"class":133},[84,150740,137],{"class":98},[84,150742,150743],{"class":146},"nested",[84,150745,150],{"class":98},[20,150747,172],{},[75,150749,150751],{"className":77,"code":150750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150752,150753],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150754,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150756,137],{"class":98},[84,150758,103],{"class":102},[84,150760,106],{"class":98},[84,150762,10076],{"class":98},[84,150764,186],{"class":185},[84,150766,303],{"class":189},[84,150768,186],{"class":185},[84,150770,106],{"class":98},[84,150772,196],{"class":185},[84,150774,5608],{"class":189},[84,150776,186],{"class":185},[84,150778,10073],{"class":98},[84,150780,99],{"class":98},[84,150782,437],{"class":102},[84,150784,106],{"class":98},[84,150786,442],{"class":102},[84,150788,4737],{"class":98},[70,150790,150792,150793],{"id":150791},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150794,38871],{},[20,150796,150797,150798,150800],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150799,38871],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150802,150803,150804,307],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[303,150805,64035],{"href":64034},[995,150807,105846],{"id":105845},[75,150809,150811],{"className":77,"code":150810,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150812,150813,150835],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150816,91],{"class":90},[84,150818,95],{"class":94},[84,150820,149953],{"class":140},[84,150822,3845],{"class":98},[84,150824,103],{"class":102},[84,150826,106],{"class":98},[84,150828,109],{"class":102},[84,150830,106],{"class":98},[84,150832,114],{"class":102},[84,150834,4737],{"class":98},[84,150836,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150838,156],{"class":133},[84,150840,137],{"class":98},[84,150842,535],{"class":146},[84,150844,150],{"class":98},[20,150846,172],{},[75,150848,150849],{"className":77,"code":150166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,150850,150851],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150854,137],{"class":98},[84,150856,103],{"class":102},[84,150858,106],{"class":98},[84,150860,109],{"class":102},[84,150862,106],{"class":98},[84,150864,114],{"class":102},[84,150866,150],{"class":98},[995,150868,106032],{"id":106031},[75,150870,150872],{"className":77,"code":150871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150873,150874,150892],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150875,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150877,36928],{"class":90},[84,150879,95],{"class":94},[84,150881,149953],{"class":140},[84,150883,137],{"class":98},[84,150885,3711],{"class":185},[84,150887,42378],{"class":189},[84,150889,3711],{"class":185},[84,150891,150],{"class":98},[84,150893,150894,150896,150898,150900],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150895,156],{"class":133},[84,150897,137],{"class":98},[84,150899,36981],{"class":146},[84,150901,150],{"class":98},[20,150903,172],{},[75,150905,150907],{"className":77,"code":150906,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150908,150909],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150910,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150912,137],{"class":98},[84,150914,186],{"class":185},[84,150916,303],{"class":189},[84,150918,186],{"class":185},[84,150920,106],{"class":98},[84,150922,196],{"class":185},[84,150924,5608],{"class":189},[84,150926,186],{"class":185},[84,150928,106],{"class":98},[84,150930,196],{"class":185},[84,150932,10580],{"class":189},[84,150934,186],{"class":185},[84,150936,150],{"class":98},[20,150938,150939],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[995,150941,150943],{"id":150942},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[75,150945,150947],{"className":77,"code":150946,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150948,150949,150967],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150950,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150952,1777],{"class":90},[84,150954,95],{"class":94},[84,150956,149953],{"class":140},[84,150958,137],{"class":98},[84,150960,60815],{"class":133},[84,150962,137],{"class":98},[84,150964,217],{"class":102},[84,150966,169],{"class":98},[84,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,150970,156],{"class":133},[84,150972,137],{"class":98},[84,150974,6201],{"class":146},[84,150976,150],{"class":98},[20,150978,172],{},[75,150980,150982],{"className":77,"code":150981,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150983,150984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,150985,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,150987,137],{"class":98},[84,150989,2983],{"class":102},[84,150991,106],{"class":98},[84,150993,6341],{"class":102},[84,150995,106],{"class":98},[84,150997,109],{"class":102},[84,150999,106],{"class":98},[84,151001,114],{"class":102},[84,151003,150],{"class":98},[20,151005,151006],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[70,151008,21643],{"id":21642},[30,151010,151011,151014,151017,151020],{},[33,151012,151013],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,151015,151016],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,151018,151019],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,151021,151022],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,151024,151025,151026,307],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[303,151027,151029],{"href":151028},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[70,151031,3686],{"id":3685},[20,151033,151034],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[995,151036,151038],{"id":151037},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,151040,151041],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[75,151043,151045],{"className":77,"code":151044,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151046,151047,151063],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151048,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151050,29379],{"class":90},[84,151052,95],{"class":94},[84,151054,10076],{"class":98},[84,151056,3711],{"class":185},[84,151058,4928],{"class":189},[84,151060,3711],{"class":185},[84,151062,150],{"class":98},[84,151064,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151066,156],{"class":133},[84,151068,137],{"class":98},[84,151070,2624],{"class":140},[84,151072,137],{"class":98},[84,151074,1450],{"class":146},[84,151076,169],{"class":98},[20,151078,151079],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[75,151081,151083],{"className":77,"code":151082,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151084,151085,151101],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151086,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151088,29379],{"class":90},[84,151090,95],{"class":94},[84,151092,10076],{"class":98},[84,151094,3711],{"class":185},[84,151096,4928],{"class":189},[84,151098,3711],{"class":185},[84,151100,149943],{"class":98},[84,151102,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111,151113],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151104,156],{"class":133},[84,151106,137],{"class":98},[84,151108,2624],{"class":140},[84,151110,137],{"class":98},[84,151112,1450],{"class":146},[84,151114,169],{"class":98},[995,151116,151118],{"id":151117},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,151120,151121],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[75,151123,151125],{"className":77,"code":151124,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151126,151127,151147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151128,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151130,1777],{"class":90},[84,151132,95],{"class":94},[84,151134,99],{"class":98},[84,151136,103],{"class":102},[84,151138,106],{"class":98},[84,151140,109],{"class":102},[84,151142,106],{"class":98},[84,151144,114],{"class":102},[84,151146,122],{"class":98},[84,151148,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151150,156],{"class":133},[84,151152,137],{"class":98},[84,151154,2624],{"class":140},[84,151156,137],{"class":98},[84,151158,6201],{"class":146},[84,151160,169],{"class":98},[20,151162,151163],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[75,151165,151167],{"className":77,"code":151166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151168,151169,151189],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151170,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151172,1777],{"class":90},[84,151174,95],{"class":94},[84,151176,10076],{"class":98},[84,151178,103],{"class":102},[84,151180,106],{"class":98},[84,151182,109],{"class":102},[84,151184,106],{"class":98},[84,151186,114],{"class":102},[84,151188,150],{"class":98},[84,151190,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151192,156],{"class":133},[84,151194,137],{"class":98},[84,151196,2624],{"class":140},[84,151198,137],{"class":98},[84,151200,6201],{"class":146},[84,151202,169],{"class":98},[995,151204,151206],{"id":151205},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151208,151019],{},[75,151210,151212],{"className":77,"code":151211,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151213,151214,151234],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151215,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151217,91],{"class":90},[84,151219,95],{"class":94},[84,151221,10076],{"class":98},[84,151223,103],{"class":102},[84,151225,106],{"class":98},[84,151227,109],{"class":102},[84,151229,106],{"class":98},[84,151231,114],{"class":102},[84,151233,150],{"class":98},[84,151235,151236],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151237,151238],{"class":4517},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151240,151241],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[995,151243,38041,151245,151248],{"id":151244},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151246,151247],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151250,65461],{},[75,151252,151253],{"className":77,"code":150871,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151254,151255,151273],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151256,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151258,36928],{"class":90},[84,151260,95],{"class":94},[84,151262,149953],{"class":140},[84,151264,137],{"class":98},[84,151266,3711],{"class":185},[84,151268,42378],{"class":189},[84,151270,3711],{"class":185},[84,151272,150],{"class":98},[84,151274,151275,151277,151279,151281],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151276,156],{"class":133},[84,151278,137],{"class":98},[84,151280,36981],{"class":146},[84,151282,150],{"class":98},[20,151284,151285],{},"gives:",[75,151287,151288],{"className":77,"code":150906,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151289,151290],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151291,151292,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151293,137],{"class":98},[84,151295,186],{"class":185},[84,151297,303],{"class":189},[84,151299,186],{"class":185},[84,151301,106],{"class":98},[84,151303,196],{"class":185},[84,151305,5608],{"class":189},[84,151307,186],{"class":185},[84,151309,106],{"class":98},[84,151311,196],{"class":185},[84,151313,10580],{"class":189},[84,151315,186],{"class":185},[84,151317,150],{"class":98},[20,151319,151320],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[75,151322,151324],{"className":77,"code":151323,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151325,151326,151342],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151327,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151329,6996],{"class":90},[84,151331,95],{"class":94},[84,151333,10076],{"class":98},[84,151335,3711],{"class":185},[84,151337,42378],{"class":189},[84,151339,3711],{"class":185},[84,151341,149943],{"class":98},[84,151343,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151345,156],{"class":133},[84,151347,137],{"class":98},[84,151349,39215],{"class":146},[84,151351,150],{"class":98},[20,151353,172],{},[75,151355,151357],{"className":77,"code":151356,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('abc',)\n",[15,151358,151359],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151360,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151362,137],{"class":98},[84,151364,186],{"class":185},[84,151366,42378],{"class":189},[84,151368,186],{"class":185},[84,151370,149943],{"class":98},[995,151372,151374],{"id":151373},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151376,151377],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[75,151379,151381],{"className":77,"code":151380,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151382,151383,151400,151404,151414,151428],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151384,151385,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151386,151387],{"class":90},"my_tuple ",[84,151389,95],{"class":94},[84,151391,10076],{"class":98},[84,151393,3711],{"class":185},[84,151395,4928],{"class":189},[84,151397,3711],{"class":185},[84,151399,149943],{"class":98},[84,151401,151402],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151403,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,151405,151406,151408,151410,151412],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,151407,156],{"class":133},[84,151409,137],{"class":98},[84,151411,148605],{"class":146},[84,151413,150],{"class":98},[84,151415,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,151417,156],{"class":133},[84,151419,137],{"class":98},[84,151421,2624],{"class":140},[84,151423,137],{"class":98},[84,151425,148605],{"class":146},[84,151427,169],{"class":98},[84,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,151431,156],{"class":133},[84,151433,137],{"class":98},[84,151435,12005],{"class":133},[84,151437,137],{"class":98},[84,151439,148605],{"class":146},[84,151441,169],{"class":98},[70,151443,2694],{"id":2693},[995,151445,151447],{"id":151446},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151449,151450,151451,151454],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151452,151453],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[995,151456,151458],{"id":151457},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151460,151461],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[995,151463,151465],{"id":151464},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151467,151468],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[995,151470,151472],{"id":151471},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151474,151475],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[995,151477,5987,151479,13558],{"id":151478},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151480,151247],{},[20,151482,5993,151483,151486],{},[15,151484,151485],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[70,151488,2751],{"id":2750},[30,151490,151491,151495,151499,151505,151510,151515,151519],{},[33,151492,151493],{},[303,151494,148587],{"href":148586},[33,151496,151497],{},[303,151498,150260],{"href":150259},[33,151500,151501],{},[303,151502,151504],{"href":151503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,151506,151507],{},[303,151508,151509],{"href":149825},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,151511,151512],{},[303,151513,151514],{"href":149890},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,151516,151517],{},[303,151518,64035],{"href":64034},[33,151520,151521],{},[303,151522,151523],{"href":151028},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2785,151525,151526],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":151528},[151529,151530,151531,151532,151533,151534,151540,151546,151547,151555,151563],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":150119,"depth":125,"text":150120},{"id":150263,"depth":125,"text":150264},{"id":150356,"depth":125,"text":150357},{"id":150549,"depth":125,"text":150550,"children":151535},[151536,151537,151538,151539],{"id":535,"depth":153,"text":57277},{"id":6151,"depth":153,"text":57280},{"id":150641,"depth":153,"text":150642},{"id":150684,"depth":153,"text":150685},{"id":150791,"depth":125,"text":151541,"children":151542},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151543,151544,151545],{"id":105845,"depth":153,"text":105846},{"id":106031,"depth":153,"text":106032},{"id":150942,"depth":153,"text":150943},{"id":21642,"depth":125,"text":21643},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":151548},[151549,151550,151551,151552,151554],{"id":151037,"depth":153,"text":151038},{"id":151117,"depth":153,"text":151118},{"id":151205,"depth":153,"text":151206},{"id":151244,"depth":153,"text":151553},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151373,"depth":153,"text":151374},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":151556},[151557,151558,151559,151560,151561],{"id":151446,"depth":153,"text":151447},{"id":151457,"depth":153,"text":151458},{"id":151464,"depth":153,"text":151465},{"id":151471,"depth":153,"text":151472},{"id":151478,"depth":153,"text":151562},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149876,"description":151564},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151571,"title":151572,"body":151573,"description":153118,"extension":2830,"meta":153119,"navigation":472,"path":153120,"seo":153121,"stem":153122,"__hash__":153123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151574,"toc":153088},[151575,151578,151583,151585,151598,151604,151606,151673,151675,151710,151715,151719,151723,151725,151736,151744,151746,151748,151769,151771,151791,151794,151796,151801,151844,151846,151868,151871,151884,151888,151892,151895,151948,151950,151971,151976,151980,151983,152028,152030,152063,152075,152079,152087,152124,152126,152155,152159,152162,152215,152217,152237,152244,152248,152253,152322,152324,152349,152353,152356,152362,152439,152441,152500,152502,152514,152519,152523,152527,152541,152543,152578,152580,152597,152600,152613,152617,152621,152632,152637,152652,152655,152658,152660,152663,152667,152669,152683,152685,152709,152714,152718,152721,152740,152743,152792,152797,152814,152817,152850,152854,152856,152907,152910,152935,152938,152961,152965,152971,152973,153008,153011,153016,153018,153022,153025,153029,153034,153038,153041,153045,153048,153052,153057,153059,153085],[10,151576,151572],{"id":151577},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151579,9962,151580,151582],{},[15,151581,38871],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151584,83187],{},[30,151586,151587,151592],{},[33,151588,151589,151591],{},[15,151590,38871],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,151593,151594,151597],{},[15,151595,151596],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151599,151600,151601,151603],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151602,38871],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[70,151605,73],{"id":72},[75,151607,151609],{"className":77,"code":151608,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151610,151611,151631,151645,151649,151659],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151612,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151614,91],{"class":90},[84,151616,95],{"class":94},[84,151618,99],{"class":98},[84,151620,103],{"class":102},[84,151622,106],{"class":98},[84,151624,109],{"class":102},[84,151626,106],{"class":98},[84,151628,114],{"class":102},[84,151630,122],{"class":98},[84,151632,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151634,128],{"class":90},[84,151636,95],{"class":94},[84,151638,149953],{"class":140},[84,151640,137],{"class":98},[84,151642,535],{"class":146},[84,151644,150],{"class":98},[84,151646,151647],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,151648,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,151650,151651,151653,151655,151657],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,151652,156],{"class":133},[84,151654,137],{"class":98},[84,151656,166],{"class":146},[84,151658,150],{"class":98},[84,151660,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,151662,156],{"class":133},[84,151664,137],{"class":98},[84,151666,2624],{"class":140},[84,151668,137],{"class":98},[84,151670,166],{"class":146},[84,151672,169],{"class":98},[20,151674,172],{},[75,151676,151678],{"className":77,"code":151677,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151679,151680,151696],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151681,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151683,137],{"class":98},[84,151685,103],{"class":102},[84,151687,106],{"class":98},[84,151689,109],{"class":102},[84,151691,106],{"class":98},[84,151693,114],{"class":102},[84,151695,150],{"class":98},[84,151697,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151699,1251],{"class":94},[84,151701,4152],{"class":614},[84,151703,196],{"class":185},[84,151705,49768],{"class":189},[84,151707,186],{"class":185},[84,151709,1270],{"class":94},[20,151711,224,151712,151714],{},[15,151713,151596],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[70,151716,151718],{"id":151717},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151720,151721,63743],{},[15,151722,38871],{},[20,151724,49742],{},[30,151726,151727,151730,151733],{},[33,151728,151729],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,151731,151732],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,151734,151735],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151737,151738,151739,151741,151742,307],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,151740,149891],{"href":149890}," or the full guide to ",[303,151743,148587],{"href":148586},[70,151745,311],{"id":310},[20,151747,27327],{},[75,151749,151751],{"className":77,"code":151750,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151752,151753,151759],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151754,151755,151757],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151756,49768],{"class":140},[84,151758,9482],{"class":98},[84,151760,151761,151763,151765,151767],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151762,49768],{"class":140},[84,151764,137],{"class":98},[84,151766,249],{"class":146},[84,151768,150],{"class":98},[20,151770,12303],{},[30,151772,151773,151776],{},[33,151774,151775],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,151777,151778,151779],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,151780,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789],{},[33,151782,6142],{},[33,151784,6151],{},[33,151786,63814],{},[33,151788,6148],{},[33,151790,8090],{},[20,151792,151793],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[70,151795,150264],{"id":150263},[20,151797,30491,151798,151800],{},[15,151799,38871],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[75,151802,151804],{"className":77,"code":151803,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151805,151806,151816,151820,151830],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151807,151808,151810,151812,151814],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151809,125451],{"class":90},[84,151811,95],{"class":94},[84,151813,149953],{"class":140},[84,151815,9482],{"class":98},[84,151817,151818],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151819,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,151821,151822,151824,151826,151828],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,151823,156],{"class":133},[84,151825,137],{"class":98},[84,151827,125502],{"class":146},[84,151829,150],{"class":98},[84,151831,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,151833,156],{"class":133},[84,151835,137],{"class":98},[84,151837,2624],{"class":140},[84,151839,137],{"class":98},[84,151841,125502],{"class":146},[84,151843,169],{"class":98},[20,151845,172],{},[75,151847,151848],{"className":77,"code":150309,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,151849,151850,151854],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151851,151852],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151853,9482],{"class":98},[84,151855,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151857,1251],{"class":94},[84,151859,4152],{"class":614},[84,151861,196],{"class":185},[84,151863,49768],{"class":189},[84,151865,186],{"class":185},[84,151867,1270],{"class":94},[20,151869,151870],{},"This is equivalent to:",[75,151872,151874],{"className":77,"code":151873,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty = ()\n",[15,151875,151876],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151877,151878,151880,151882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151879,125451],{"class":90},[84,151881,95],{"class":94},[84,151883,149929],{"class":98},[70,151885,151887],{"id":151886},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[995,151889,151891],{"id":151890},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151893,151894],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[75,151896,151898],{"className":77,"code":151897,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151899,151900,151920,151934,151938],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151901,151902,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151903,91],{"class":90},[84,151905,95],{"class":94},[84,151907,99],{"class":98},[84,151909,437],{"class":102},[84,151911,106],{"class":98},[84,151913,442],{"class":102},[84,151915,106],{"class":98},[84,151917,447],{"class":102},[84,151919,122],{"class":98},[84,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,151923,128],{"class":90},[84,151925,95],{"class":94},[84,151927,149953],{"class":140},[84,151929,137],{"class":98},[84,151931,535],{"class":146},[84,151933,150],{"class":98},[84,151935,151936],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,151937,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,151939,151940,151942,151944,151946],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,151941,156],{"class":133},[84,151943,137],{"class":98},[84,151945,166],{"class":146},[84,151947,150],{"class":98},[20,151949,172],{},[75,151951,151953],{"className":77,"code":151952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151954,151955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151956,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151958,137],{"class":98},[84,151960,437],{"class":102},[84,151962,106],{"class":98},[84,151964,442],{"class":102},[84,151966,106],{"class":98},[84,151968,447],{"class":102},[84,151970,150],{"class":98},[20,151972,151973,151974,307],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[303,151975,105651],{"href":60872},[995,151977,151979],{"id":151978},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151981,151982],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[75,151984,151986],{"className":77,"code":151985,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151987,151988,152000,152014,152018],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,151989,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,151991,35526],{"class":90},[84,151993,95],{"class":94},[84,151995,4211],{"class":185},[84,151997,37884],{"class":189},[84,151999,4217],{"class":185},[84,152001,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152003,128],{"class":90},[84,152005,95],{"class":94},[84,152007,149953],{"class":140},[84,152009,137],{"class":98},[84,152011,35547],{"class":146},[84,152013,150],{"class":98},[84,152015,152016],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,152017,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,152019,152020,152022,152024,152026],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,152021,156],{"class":133},[84,152023,137],{"class":98},[84,152025,166],{"class":146},[84,152027,150],{"class":98},[20,152029,172],{},[75,152031,152033],{"className":77,"code":152032,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,152034,152035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152036,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152038,137],{"class":98},[84,152040,186],{"class":185},[84,152042,10580],{"class":189},[84,152044,186],{"class":185},[84,152046,106],{"class":98},[84,152048,196],{"class":185},[84,152050,303],{"class":189},[84,152052,186],{"class":185},[84,152054,106],{"class":98},[84,152056,196],{"class":185},[84,152058,64104],{"class":189},[84,152060,186],{"class":185},[84,152062,150],{"class":98},[20,152064,152065,152066,51,152069,152071,152072,307],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,152067,152068],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[53,152070,55],{}," create ",[15,152073,152074],{},"('cat',)",[995,152076,152078],{"id":152077},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,152080,152081,152083,152084,152086],{},[15,152082,37035],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,152085,38871],{}," collects them all.",[75,152088,152090],{"className":77,"code":152089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152091,152092,152110,152114],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152093,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152095,128],{"class":90},[84,152097,95],{"class":94},[84,152099,149953],{"class":140},[84,152101,137],{"class":98},[84,152103,60815],{"class":133},[84,152105,137],{"class":98},[84,152107,3000],{"class":102},[84,152109,169],{"class":98},[84,152111,152112],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152113,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,152115,152116,152118,152120,152122],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,152117,156],{"class":133},[84,152119,137],{"class":98},[84,152121,166],{"class":146},[84,152123,150],{"class":98},[20,152125,172],{},[75,152127,152129],{"className":77,"code":152128,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,152130,152131],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152132,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152134,137],{"class":98},[84,152136,2983],{"class":102},[84,152138,106],{"class":98},[84,152140,6341],{"class":102},[84,152142,106],{"class":98},[84,152144,109],{"class":102},[84,152146,106],{"class":98},[84,152148,114],{"class":102},[84,152150,106],{"class":98},[84,152152,119],{"class":102},[84,152154,150],{"class":98},[995,152156,152158],{"id":152157},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152160,152161],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[75,152163,152165],{"className":77,"code":152164,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152166,152167,152187,152201,152205],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152168,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152170,1777],{"class":90},[84,152172,95],{"class":94},[84,152174,11332],{"class":98},[84,152176,103],{"class":102},[84,152178,106],{"class":98},[84,152180,109],{"class":102},[84,152182,106],{"class":98},[84,152184,114],{"class":102},[84,152186,10149],{"class":98},[84,152188,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152190,128],{"class":90},[84,152192,95],{"class":94},[84,152194,149953],{"class":140},[84,152196,137],{"class":98},[84,152198,6201],{"class":146},[84,152200,150],{"class":98},[84,152202,152203],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,152204,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,152206,152207,152209,152211,152213],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,152208,156],{"class":133},[84,152210,137],{"class":98},[84,152212,166],{"class":146},[84,152214,150],{"class":98},[20,152216,172],{},[75,152218,152219],{"className":77,"code":150166,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,152220,152221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152222,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152224,137],{"class":98},[84,152226,103],{"class":102},[84,152228,106],{"class":98},[84,152230,109],{"class":102},[84,152232,106],{"class":98},[84,152234,114],{"class":102},[84,152236,150],{"class":98},[20,152238,152239,152240,307],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[303,152241,152243],{"href":152242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[995,152245,152247],{"id":152246},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152249,64357,152250,152252],{},[15,152251,38871],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[75,152254,152256],{"className":77,"code":152255,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152257,152258,152294,152308,152312],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152259,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152261,14048],{"class":90},[84,152263,95],{"class":94},[84,152265,11332],{"class":98},[84,152267,3711],{"class":185},[84,152269,8508],{"class":189},[84,152271,3711],{"class":185},[84,152273,3743],{"class":98},[84,152275,4211],{"class":185},[84,152277,13723],{"class":189},[84,152279,3711],{"class":185},[84,152281,106],{"class":98},[84,152283,4211],{"class":185},[84,152285,10139],{"class":189},[84,152287,3711],{"class":185},[84,152289,3743],{"class":98},[84,152291,10146],{"class":102},[84,152293,10149],{"class":98},[84,152295,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152297,128],{"class":90},[84,152299,95],{"class":94},[84,152301,149953],{"class":140},[84,152303,137],{"class":98},[84,152305,18147],{"class":146},[84,152307,150],{"class":98},[84,152309,152310],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,152311,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,152313,152314,152316,152318,152320],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,152315,156],{"class":133},[84,152317,137],{"class":98},[84,152319,166],{"class":146},[84,152321,150],{"class":98},[20,152323,30871],{},[75,152325,152327],{"className":77,"code":152326,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152328,152329],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152330,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152332,137],{"class":98},[84,152334,186],{"class":185},[84,152336,8508],{"class":189},[84,152338,186],{"class":185},[84,152340,106],{"class":98},[84,152342,196],{"class":185},[84,152344,10139],{"class":189},[84,152346,186],{"class":185},[84,152348,150],{"class":98},[70,152350,152352],{"id":152351},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152354,152355],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152357,152358,152361],{},[15,152359,152360],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[75,152363,152365],{"className":77,"code":152364,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152366,152367,152403,152407,152421],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152368,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152370,14048],{"class":90},[84,152372,95],{"class":94},[84,152374,11332],{"class":98},[84,152376,3711],{"class":185},[84,152378,8508],{"class":189},[84,152380,3711],{"class":185},[84,152382,3743],{"class":98},[84,152384,4211],{"class":185},[84,152386,13723],{"class":189},[84,152388,3711],{"class":185},[84,152390,106],{"class":98},[84,152392,4211],{"class":185},[84,152394,10139],{"class":189},[84,152396,3711],{"class":185},[84,152398,3743],{"class":98},[84,152400,10146],{"class":102},[84,152402,10149],{"class":98},[84,152404,152405],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152406,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,152408,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,152410,156],{"class":133},[84,152412,137],{"class":98},[84,152414,49768],{"class":140},[84,152416,137],{"class":98},[84,152418,18147],{"class":146},[84,152420,169],{"class":98},[84,152422,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,152424,156],{"class":133},[84,152426,137],{"class":98},[84,152428,49768],{"class":140},[84,152430,137],{"class":98},[84,152432,18147],{"class":146},[84,152434,307],{"class":98},[84,152436,8649],{"class":146},[84,152438,7132],{"class":98},[20,152440,172],{},[75,152442,152444],{"className":77,"code":152443,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152445,152446,152466],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152449,137],{"class":98},[84,152451,186],{"class":185},[84,152453,8508],{"class":189},[84,152455,186],{"class":185},[84,152457,106],{"class":98},[84,152459,196],{"class":185},[84,152461,10139],{"class":189},[84,152463,186],{"class":185},[84,152465,150],{"class":98},[84,152467,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152469,6354],{"class":98},[84,152471,186],{"class":185},[84,152473,8508],{"class":189},[84,152475,186],{"class":185},[84,152477,106],{"class":98},[84,152479,196],{"class":185},[84,152481,13723],{"class":189},[84,152483,186],{"class":185},[84,152485,10073],{"class":98},[84,152487,10076],{"class":98},[84,152489,186],{"class":185},[84,152491,10139],{"class":189},[84,152493,186],{"class":185},[84,152495,106],{"class":98},[84,152497,10146],{"class":102},[84,152499,169],{"class":98},[20,152501,19536],{},[30,152503,152504,152509],{},[33,152505,152506,152508],{},[15,152507,152360],{}," for keys",[33,152510,152511,33399],{},[15,152512,152513],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152515,152516,152517,307],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[303,152518,64367],{"href":64366},[70,152520,152522],{"id":152521},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152524,152525,19160],{},[15,152526,38871],{},[30,152528,152529,152532,152535,152538],{},[33,152530,152531],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,152533,152534],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,152536,152537],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,152539,152540],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152542,814],{},[75,152544,152546],{"className":77,"code":152545,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152547,152548,152567],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152549,152550,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152551,152552],{"class":90},"coordinates ",[84,152554,95],{"class":94},[84,152556,149953],{"class":140},[84,152558,3845],{"class":98},[84,152560,217],{"class":102},[84,152562,106],{"class":98},[84,152564,6836],{"class":102},[84,152566,4737],{"class":98},[84,152568,152569,152571,152573,152576],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152570,156],{"class":133},[84,152572,137],{"class":98},[84,152574,152575],{"class":146},"coordinates",[84,152577,150],{"class":98},[20,152579,172],{},[75,152581,152583],{"className":77,"code":152582,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152584,152585],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152586,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152588,137],{"class":98},[84,152590,217],{"class":102},[84,152592,106],{"class":98},[84,152594,6836],{"class":102},[84,152596,150],{"class":98},[20,152598,152599],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,152601,152602,152604,152607,152610],{},[33,152603,152575],{},[33,152605,152606],{},"RGB colors",[33,152608,152609],{},"dates",[33,152611,152612],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[70,152614,152616],{"id":152615},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152618,45247,152619,11443],{},[15,152620,38871],{},[30,152622,152623,152626,152629],{},[33,152624,152625],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,152627,152628],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,152630,152631],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152633,117078,152634,152636],{},[53,152635,55],{}," work:",[75,152638,152640],{"className":77,"code":152639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152641,152642],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152645,49768],{"class":140},[84,152647,137],{"class":98},[84,152649,3000],{"class":102},[84,152651,150],{"class":98},[20,152653,152654],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152656,152657],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[70,152659,115916],{"id":115915},[20,152661,152662],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[995,152664,152666],{"id":152665},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152668,3693],{},[75,152670,152671],{"className":77,"code":152639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,152672,152673],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152674,152675,152677,152679,152681],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152676,49768],{"class":140},[84,152678,137],{"class":98},[84,152680,3000],{"class":102},[84,152682,150],{"class":98},[20,152684,30522],{},[75,152686,152687],{"className":77,"code":64471,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,152688,152689],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152692,3864],{"class":140},[84,152694,3743],{"class":98},[84,152696,196],{"class":185},[84,152698,365],{"class":189},[84,152700,186],{"class":185},[84,152702,1256],{"class":140},[84,152704,8935],{"class":94},[84,152706,8938],{"class":94},[84,152708,64494],{"class":90},[20,152710,152711,152712,307],{},"If you see this, read ",[303,152713,63108],{"href":53416},[995,152715,152717],{"id":152716},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152719,152720],{},"This code:",[75,152722,152724],{"className":77,"code":152723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152725,152726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152727,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152729,49768],{"class":140},[84,152731,137],{"class":98},[84,152733,3711],{"class":185},[84,152735,4697],{"class":189},[84,152737,3711],{"class":185},[84,152739,150],{"class":98},[20,152741,152742],{},"returns:",[75,152744,152746],{"className":77,"code":152745,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152747,152748],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152749,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152751,137],{"class":98},[84,152753,186],{"class":185},[84,152755,61255],{"class":189},[84,152757,186],{"class":185},[84,152759,106],{"class":98},[84,152761,196],{"class":185},[84,152763,61264],{"class":189},[84,152765,186],{"class":185},[84,152767,106],{"class":98},[84,152769,196],{"class":185},[84,152771,61273],{"class":189},[84,152773,186],{"class":185},[84,152775,106],{"class":98},[84,152777,196],{"class":185},[84,152779,61273],{"class":189},[84,152781,186],{"class":185},[84,152783,106],{"class":98},[84,152785,196],{"class":185},[84,152787,61290],{"class":189},[84,152789,186],{"class":185},[84,152791,150],{"class":98},[20,152793,41723,152794,152796],{},[53,152795,55],{}," return:",[75,152798,152800],{"className":77,"code":152799,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('hello',)\n",[15,152801,152802],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152803,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152805,137],{"class":98},[84,152807,186],{"class":185},[84,152809,4697],{"class":189},[84,152811,186],{"class":185},[84,152813,149943],{"class":98},[20,152815,152816],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[75,152818,152820],{"className":77,"code":152819,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152821,152822,152839],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152823,152824,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152825,152826],{"class":90},"single ",[84,152828,95],{"class":94},[84,152830,10076],{"class":98},[84,152832,3711],{"class":185},[84,152834,4697],{"class":189},[84,152836,3711],{"class":185},[84,152838,149943],{"class":98},[84,152840,152841,152843,152845,152848],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152842,156],{"class":133},[84,152844,137],{"class":98},[84,152846,152847],{"class":146},"single",[84,152849,150],{"class":98},[995,152851,152853],{"id":152852},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152855,152720],{},[75,152857,152859],{"className":77,"code":152858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152860,152861,152893],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152862,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152864,10005],{"class":90},[84,152866,95],{"class":94},[84,152868,11332],{"class":98},[84,152870,3711],{"class":185},[84,152872,303],{"class":189},[84,152874,3711],{"class":185},[84,152876,3743],{"class":98},[84,152878,6341],{"class":102},[84,152880,106],{"class":98},[84,152882,4211],{"class":185},[84,152884,5608],{"class":189},[84,152886,3711],{"class":185},[84,152888,3743],{"class":98},[84,152890,109],{"class":102},[84,152892,10149],{"class":98},[84,152894,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,152896,156],{"class":133},[84,152898,137],{"class":98},[84,152900,49768],{"class":140},[84,152902,137],{"class":98},[84,152904,10044],{"class":146},[84,152906,169],{"class":98},[20,152908,152909],{},"returns only the keys:",[75,152911,152913],{"className":77,"code":152912,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152914,152915],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152916,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152918,137],{"class":98},[84,152920,186],{"class":185},[84,152922,303],{"class":189},[84,152924,186],{"class":185},[84,152926,106],{"class":98},[84,152928,196],{"class":185},[84,152930,5608],{"class":189},[84,152932,186],{"class":185},[84,152934,150],{"class":98},[20,152936,152937],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[75,152939,152941],{"className":77,"code":152940,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152942,152943],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152944,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152946,156],{"class":133},[84,152948,137],{"class":98},[84,152950,49768],{"class":140},[84,152952,137],{"class":98},[84,152954,10044],{"class":146},[84,152956,307],{"class":98},[84,152958,8649],{"class":146},[84,152960,7132],{"class":98},[995,152962,152964],{"id":152963},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152966,152967,152968,152970],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152969,38871],{}," conversion.",[20,152972,6315],{},[75,152974,152976],{"className":77,"code":152975,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152977,152978,152998],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,152981,3304],{"class":90},[84,152983,95],{"class":94},[84,152985,10076],{"class":98},[84,152987,103],{"class":102},[84,152989,106],{"class":98},[84,152991,109],{"class":102},[84,152993,106],{"class":98},[84,152995,114],{"class":102},[84,152997,150],{"class":98},[84,152999,153000,153002,153004,153006],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153001,156],{"class":133},[84,153003,137],{"class":98},[84,153005,3329],{"class":146},[84,153007,150],{"class":98},[20,153009,153010],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,153012,26345,153013,153015],{},[15,153014,38871],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[70,153017,2694],{"id":2693},[995,153019,153021],{"id":153020},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,153023,153024],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[995,153026,153028],{"id":153027},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,153030,153031,153032,307],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,153033,8205],{},[995,153035,153037],{"id":153036},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,153039,153040],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[995,153042,153044],{"id":153043},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,153046,153047],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[995,153049,153051],{"id":153050},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,153053,153054,153055,307],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,153056,3864],{},[70,153058,2751],{"id":2750},[30,153060,153061,153065,153069,153073,153077,153081],{},[33,153062,153063],{},[303,153064,148587],{"href":148586},[33,153066,153067],{},[303,153068,151514],{"href":149890},[33,153070,153071],{},[303,153072,105651],{"href":60872},[33,153074,153075],{},[303,153076,152243],{"href":152242},[33,153078,153079],{},[303,153080,64367],{"href":64366},[33,153082,153083],{},[303,153084,63108],{"href":53416},[2785,153086,153087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":153089},[153090,153091,153092,153093,153094,153101,153102,153103,153104,153110,153117],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":151717,"depth":125,"text":151718},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":150263,"depth":125,"text":150264},{"id":151886,"depth":125,"text":151887,"children":153095},[153096,153097,153098,153099,153100],{"id":151890,"depth":153,"text":151891},{"id":151978,"depth":153,"text":151979},{"id":152077,"depth":153,"text":152078},{"id":152157,"depth":153,"text":152158},{"id":152246,"depth":153,"text":152247},{"id":152351,"depth":125,"text":152352},{"id":152521,"depth":125,"text":152522},{"id":152615,"depth":125,"text":152616},{"id":115915,"depth":125,"text":115916,"children":153105},[153106,153107,153108,153109],{"id":152665,"depth":153,"text":152666},{"id":152716,"depth":153,"text":152717},{"id":152852,"depth":153,"text":152853},{"id":152963,"depth":153,"text":152964},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":153111},[153112,153113,153114,153115,153116],{"id":153020,"depth":153,"text":153021},{"id":153027,"depth":153,"text":153028},{"id":153036,"depth":153,"text":153037},{"id":153043,"depth":153,"text":153044},{"id":153050,"depth":153,"text":153051},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151572,"description":153118},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153125,"title":153126,"body":153127,"description":154540,"extension":2830,"meta":154541,"navigation":472,"path":154542,"seo":154543,"stem":154544,"__hash__":154545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153128,"toc":154512},[153129,153134,153139,153142,153144,153223,153229,153234,153238,153253,153255,153302,153304,153312,153320,153326,153328,153333,153353,153356,153383,153385,153409,153411,153553,153555,153559,153567,153570,153572,153649,153651,153659,153663,153667,153677,153687,153689,153694,153696,153755,153760,153762,153862,153864,153878,153883,153889,153896,153899,153901,154011,154015,154032,154034,154097,154099,154107,154119,154123,154128,154156,154159,154241,154243,154254,154256,154260,154287,154289,154291,154371,154379,154381,154436,154438,154443,154446,154450,154454,154456,154460,154464,154472,154479,154482,154484,154509],[10,153130,148471,153132,12166],{"id":153131},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,153133,59784],{},[20,153135,153136,153138],{},[15,153137,149792],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,153140,153141],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[70,153143,73],{"id":72},[75,153145,153147],{"className":77,"code":153146,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,153148,153149,153189,153211],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153150,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153152,13919],{"class":90},[84,153154,95],{"class":94},[84,153156,10076],{"class":98},[84,153158,3711],{"class":185},[84,153160,13936],{"class":189},[84,153162,3711],{"class":185},[84,153164,106],{"class":98},[84,153166,4211],{"class":185},[84,153168,13953],{"class":189},[84,153170,3711],{"class":185},[84,153172,106],{"class":98},[84,153174,4211],{"class":185},[84,153176,18296],{"class":189},[84,153178,3711],{"class":185},[84,153180,106],{"class":98},[84,153182,4211],{"class":185},[84,153184,13953],{"class":189},[84,153186,3711],{"class":185},[84,153188,150],{"class":98},[84,153190,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153192,65736],{"class":90},[84,153194,95],{"class":94},[84,153196,13967],{"class":90},[84,153198,307],{"class":98},[84,153200,36683],{"class":146},[84,153202,137],{"class":98},[84,153204,3711],{"class":185},[84,153206,13953],{"class":189},[84,153208,3711],{"class":185},[84,153210,150],{"class":98},[84,153212,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,153214,156],{"class":133},[84,153216,137],{"class":98},[84,153218,65763],{"class":146},[84,153220,1970],{"class":98},[84,153222,28620],{"class":4517},[20,153224,153225,153228],{},[15,153226,153227],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[70,153230,235,153232,238],{"id":153231},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153233,149792],{},[20,153235,2847,153236,12257],{},[15,153237,59784],{},[30,153239,153240,153243,153245,153248],{},[33,153241,153242],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,153244,129069],{},[33,153246,153247],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,153249,153250,153251],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153252,2983],{},[20,153254,814],{},[75,153256,153258],{"className":77,"code":153257,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153259,153260,153284],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153263,91],{"class":90},[84,153265,95],{"class":94},[84,153267,10076],{"class":98},[84,153269,437],{"class":102},[84,153271,106],{"class":98},[84,153273,442],{"class":102},[84,153275,106],{"class":98},[84,153277,447],{"class":102},[84,153279,106],{"class":98},[84,153281,442],{"class":102},[84,153283,150],{"class":98},[84,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153287,156],{"class":133},[84,153289,137],{"class":98},[84,153291,535],{"class":146},[84,153293,307],{"class":98},[84,153295,36683],{"class":146},[84,153297,137],{"class":98},[84,153299,512],{"class":102},[84,153301,169],{"class":98},[20,153303,172],{},[75,153305,153306],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,153307,153308],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153309,153310],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153311,1464],{"class":102},[20,153313,21820,153314,153316,153317,153319],{},[15,153315,512],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153318,59784],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153321,151738,153322,307],{},[303,153323,153325],{"href":153324},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[70,153327,311],{"id":310},[20,153329,8603,153330,153332],{},[15,153331,59784],{}," in two ways:",[75,153334,153336],{"className":77,"code":153335,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153337,153338],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153339,153340,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153341,153342],{"class":90},"tuple_name",[84,153344,307],{"class":98},[84,153346,36683],{"class":146},[84,153348,137],{"class":98},[84,153350,3329],{"class":146},[84,153352,150],{"class":98},[20,153354,153355],{},"or:",[75,153357,153359],{"className":77,"code":153358,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153360,153361],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153362,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153364,153342],{"class":90},[84,153366,307],{"class":98},[84,153368,36683],{"class":146},[84,153370,137],{"class":98},[84,153372,3329],{"class":146},[84,153374,106],{"class":98},[84,153376,36889],{"class":146},[84,153378,106],{"class":98},[84,153380,65857],{"class":146},[84,153382,150],{"class":98},[995,153384,18235],{"id":18234},[30,153386,153387,153392,153397,153402],{},[33,153388,153389,153391],{},[15,153390,3329],{}," — the item to search for",[33,153393,153394,153396],{},[15,153395,36910],{}," — optional starting position",[33,153398,153399,153401],{},[15,153400,53477],{}," — optional ending position",[33,153403,153404,5631,153406,153408],{},[15,153405,53477],{},[53,153407,65886],{}," in the search",[20,153410,814],{},[75,153412,153414],{"className":77,"code":153413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153415,153416,153464,153468,153493,153521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153417,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153419,36928],{"class":90},[84,153421,95],{"class":94},[84,153423,10076],{"class":98},[84,153425,3711],{"class":185},[84,153427,303],{"class":189},[84,153429,3711],{"class":185},[84,153431,106],{"class":98},[84,153433,4211],{"class":185},[84,153435,5608],{"class":189},[84,153437,3711],{"class":185},[84,153439,106],{"class":98},[84,153441,4211],{"class":185},[84,153443,10580],{"class":189},[84,153445,3711],{"class":185},[84,153447,106],{"class":98},[84,153449,4211],{"class":185},[84,153451,5608],{"class":189},[84,153453,3711],{"class":185},[84,153455,106],{"class":98},[84,153457,4211],{"class":185},[84,153459,19609],{"class":189},[84,153461,3711],{"class":185},[84,153463,150],{"class":98},[84,153465,153466],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153467,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,153469,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,153471,156],{"class":133},[84,153473,137],{"class":98},[84,153475,36981],{"class":146},[84,153477,307],{"class":98},[84,153479,36683],{"class":146},[84,153481,137],{"class":98},[84,153483,3711],{"class":185},[84,153485,5608],{"class":189},[84,153487,3711],{"class":185},[84,153489,6204],{"class":98},[84,153491,153492],{"class":4517},"        # 1\n",[84,153494,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,153496,156],{"class":133},[84,153498,137],{"class":98},[84,153500,36981],{"class":146},[84,153502,307],{"class":98},[84,153504,36683],{"class":146},[84,153506,137],{"class":98},[84,153508,3711],{"class":185},[84,153510,5608],{"class":189},[84,153512,3711],{"class":185},[84,153514,106],{"class":98},[84,153516,109],{"class":102},[84,153518,6204],{"class":98},[84,153520,51734],{"class":4517},[84,153522,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,153524,156],{"class":133},[84,153526,137],{"class":98},[84,153528,36981],{"class":146},[84,153530,307],{"class":98},[84,153532,36683],{"class":146},[84,153534,137],{"class":98},[84,153536,3711],{"class":185},[84,153538,5608],{"class":189},[84,153540,3711],{"class":185},[84,153542,106],{"class":98},[84,153544,6341],{"class":102},[84,153546,106],{"class":98},[84,153548,114],{"class":102},[84,153550,6204],{"class":98},[84,153552,28620],{"class":4517},[70,153554,103978],{"id":103977},[20,153556,153557,26348],{},[15,153558,149792],{},[30,153560,153561,153564],{},[33,153562,153563],{},"An integer",[33,153565,153566],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153568,153569],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153571,814],{},[75,153573,153575],{"className":77,"code":153574,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153576,153577,153617,153639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153578,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153580,109077],{"class":90},[84,153582,95],{"class":94},[84,153584,10076],{"class":98},[84,153586,3711],{"class":185},[84,153588,37884],{"class":189},[84,153590,3711],{"class":185},[84,153592,106],{"class":98},[84,153594,4211],{"class":185},[84,153596,58943],{"class":189},[84,153598,3711],{"class":185},[84,153600,106],{"class":98},[84,153602,4211],{"class":185},[84,153604,58960],{"class":189},[84,153606,3711],{"class":185},[84,153608,106],{"class":98},[84,153610,4211],{"class":185},[84,153612,58943],{"class":189},[84,153614,3711],{"class":185},[84,153616,150],{"class":98},[84,153618,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153620,128],{"class":90},[84,153622,95],{"class":94},[84,153624,109120],{"class":90},[84,153626,307],{"class":98},[84,153628,36683],{"class":146},[84,153630,137],{"class":98},[84,153632,3711],{"class":185},[84,153634,58943],{"class":189},[84,153636,3711],{"class":185},[84,153638,150],{"class":98},[84,153640,153641,153643,153645,153647],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,153642,156],{"class":133},[84,153644,137],{"class":98},[84,153646,166],{"class":146},[84,153648,150],{"class":98},[20,153650,172],{},[75,153652,153653],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,153654,153655],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153656,153657],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153658,1464],{"class":102},[70,153660,153662],{"id":153661},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153664,224,153665,11443],{},[15,153666,149792],{},[30,153668,153669,153671,153674],{},[33,153670,66914],{},[33,153672,153673],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,153675,153676],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153678,153679,153680,153683,153684,307],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153681,153682],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[303,153685,150260],{"href":153686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[70,153688,66446],{"id":66445},[20,153690,153691,153692,307],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153693,41521],{},[20,153695,814],{},[75,153697,153699],{"className":77,"code":153698,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153700,153701,153733],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153702,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153704,13919],{"class":90},[84,153706,95],{"class":94},[84,153708,10076],{"class":98},[84,153710,3711],{"class":185},[84,153712,13936],{"class":189},[84,153714,3711],{"class":185},[84,153716,106],{"class":98},[84,153718,4211],{"class":185},[84,153720,13953],{"class":189},[84,153722,3711],{"class":185},[84,153724,106],{"class":98},[84,153726,4211],{"class":185},[84,153728,18296],{"class":189},[84,153730,3711],{"class":185},[84,153732,150],{"class":98},[84,153734,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751,153753],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153736,156],{"class":133},[84,153738,137],{"class":98},[84,153740,18343],{"class":146},[84,153742,307],{"class":98},[84,153744,36683],{"class":146},[84,153746,137],{"class":98},[84,153748,3711],{"class":185},[84,153750,23367],{"class":189},[84,153752,3711],{"class":185},[84,153754,169],{"class":98},[20,153756,40477,153757,153759],{},[15,153758,110402],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153761,66521],{},[75,153763,153765],{"className":77,"code":153764,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153766,153767,153799,153803,153819,153841,153847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153768,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153770,13919],{"class":90},[84,153772,95],{"class":94},[84,153774,10076],{"class":98},[84,153776,3711],{"class":185},[84,153778,13936],{"class":189},[84,153780,3711],{"class":185},[84,153782,106],{"class":98},[84,153784,4211],{"class":185},[84,153786,13953],{"class":189},[84,153788,3711],{"class":185},[84,153790,106],{"class":98},[84,153792,4211],{"class":185},[84,153794,18296],{"class":189},[84,153796,3711],{"class":185},[84,153798,150],{"class":98},[84,153800,153801],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153802,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,153804,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,153806,7836],{"class":633},[84,153808,4211],{"class":185},[84,153810,23367],{"class":189},[84,153812,3711],{"class":185},[84,153814,22016],{"class":94},[84,153816,13967],{"class":90},[84,153818,1440],{"class":98},[84,153820,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,153822,1445],{"class":133},[84,153824,137],{"class":98},[84,153826,18343],{"class":146},[84,153828,307],{"class":98},[84,153830,36683],{"class":146},[84,153832,137],{"class":98},[84,153834,3711],{"class":185},[84,153836,23367],{"class":189},[84,153838,3711],{"class":185},[84,153840,169],{"class":98},[84,153842,153843,153845],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,153844,28274],{"class":633},[84,153846,1440],{"class":98},[84,153848,153849,153851,153853,153855,153858,153860],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,153850,1445],{"class":133},[84,153852,137],{"class":98},[84,153854,3711],{"class":185},[84,153856,153857],{"class":189},"Value not found",[84,153859,3711],{"class":185},[84,153861,150],{"class":98},[20,153863,172],{},[75,153865,153867],{"className":77,"code":153866,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Value not found\n",[15,153868,153869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153870,153871,153874,153876],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153872,153873],{"class":90},"Value ",[84,153875,55],{"class":94},[84,153877,66645],{"class":90},[20,153879,153880,153881,307],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[303,153882,66655],{"href":66654},[70,153884,595,153885,5241,153887],{"id":66223},[15,153886,36910],{},[15,153888,53477],{},[20,153890,2847,153891,5241,153893,153895],{},[15,153892,36910],{},[15,153894,53477],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153897,153898],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153900,814],{},[75,153902,153904],{"className":77,"code":153903,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153905,153906,153934,153938,153959,153983],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,153907,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,153909,1777],{"class":90},[84,153911,95],{"class":94},[84,153913,10076],{"class":98},[84,153915,3000],{"class":102},[84,153917,106],{"class":98},[84,153919,6847],{"class":102},[84,153921,106],{"class":98},[84,153923,5452],{"class":102},[84,153925,106],{"class":98},[84,153927,442],{"class":102},[84,153929,106],{"class":98},[84,153931,5452],{"class":102},[84,153933,150],{"class":98},[84,153935,153936],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,153937,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,153939,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,153941,156],{"class":133},[84,153943,137],{"class":98},[84,153945,6201],{"class":146},[84,153947,307],{"class":98},[84,153949,36683],{"class":146},[84,153951,137],{"class":98},[84,153953,3000],{"class":102},[84,153955,6204],{"class":98},[84,153957,153958],{"class":4517},"        # 0\n",[84,153960,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,153962,156],{"class":133},[84,153964,137],{"class":98},[84,153966,6201],{"class":146},[84,153968,307],{"class":98},[84,153970,36683],{"class":146},[84,153972,137],{"class":98},[84,153974,3000],{"class":102},[84,153976,106],{"class":98},[84,153978,6341],{"class":102},[84,153980,6204],{"class":98},[84,153982,51768],{"class":4517},[84,153984,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,153986,156],{"class":133},[84,153988,137],{"class":98},[84,153990,6201],{"class":146},[84,153992,307],{"class":98},[84,153994,36683],{"class":146},[84,153996,137],{"class":98},[84,153998,3000],{"class":102},[84,154000,106],{"class":98},[84,154002,114],{"class":102},[84,154004,106],{"class":98},[84,154006,5452],{"class":102},[84,154008,6204],{"class":98},[84,154010,51751],{"class":4517},[995,154012,154014],{"id":154013},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,154016,154017,154022,154027],{},[33,154018,154019,154021],{},[15,154020,36910],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,154023,154024,154026],{},[15,154025,53477],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,154028,2847,154029,154031],{},[15,154030,53477],{}," position itself is not included",[20,154033,814],{},[75,154035,154037],{"className":77,"code":154036,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,154038,154039,154067,154071],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154040,154041,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154042,1777],{"class":90},[84,154044,95],{"class":94},[84,154046,10076],{"class":98},[84,154048,3000],{"class":102},[84,154050,106],{"class":98},[84,154052,6847],{"class":102},[84,154054,106],{"class":98},[84,154056,5452],{"class":102},[84,154058,106],{"class":98},[84,154060,442],{"class":102},[84,154062,106],{"class":98},[84,154064,5452],{"class":102},[84,154066,150],{"class":98},[84,154068,154069],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154070,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,154072,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154074,156],{"class":133},[84,154076,137],{"class":98},[84,154078,6201],{"class":146},[84,154080,307],{"class":98},[84,154082,36683],{"class":146},[84,154084,137],{"class":98},[84,154086,3000],{"class":102},[84,154088,106],{"class":98},[84,154090,6341],{"class":102},[84,154092,106],{"class":98},[84,154094,119],{"class":102},[84,154096,169],{"class":98},[20,154098,172],{},[75,154100,154101],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,154102,154103],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154104,154105],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154106,1469],{"class":102},[20,154108,154109,154110,362,154112,17912,154114,154116,154117,307],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,154111,103],{},[15,154113,199],{},[15,154115,208],{},", but not ",[15,154118,217],{},[70,154120,154122],{"id":154121},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,154124,154125,154126,3743],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,154127,149792],{},[30,154129,154130,154138,154143,154150],{},[33,154131,154132,154133,154135,154136],{},"Do not confuse the ",[53,154134,3329],{}," with the ",[53,154137,36683],{},[33,154139,154140,154141],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,154142,2983],{},[33,154144,224,154145,154149],{},[303,154146,149818,154147,11583],{"href":149870},[15,154148,58106],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,154151,154152,154153,154155],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154154,153682],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154157,154158],{},"Example of value vs index:",[75,154160,154162],{"className":77,"code":154161,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154163,154164,154196,154200,154224],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154165,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154167,37076],{"class":90},[84,154169,95],{"class":94},[84,154171,10076],{"class":98},[84,154173,3711],{"class":185},[84,154175,4928],{"class":189},[84,154177,3711],{"class":185},[84,154179,106],{"class":98},[84,154181,4211],{"class":185},[84,154183,4937],{"class":189},[84,154185,3711],{"class":185},[84,154187,106],{"class":98},[84,154189,4211],{"class":185},[84,154191,34061],{"class":189},[84,154193,3711],{"class":185},[84,154195,150],{"class":98},[84,154197,154198],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154199,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154203,156],{"class":133},[84,154205,137],{"class":98},[84,154207,37128],{"class":146},[84,154209,307],{"class":98},[84,154211,36683],{"class":146},[84,154213,137],{"class":98},[84,154215,3711],{"class":185},[84,154217,4937],{"class":189},[84,154219,3711],{"class":185},[84,154221,6204],{"class":98},[84,154223,28620],{"class":4517},[84,154225,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154227,156],{"class":133},[84,154229,137],{"class":98},[84,154231,37128],{"class":146},[84,154233,182],{"class":98},[84,154235,103],{"class":102},[84,154237,21288],{"class":98},[84,154239,154240],{"class":4517},"               # banana\n",[20,154242,974],{},[30,154244,154245,154249],{},[33,154246,154247,16090],{},[15,154248,66091],{},[33,154250,154251,154253],{},[15,154252,103],{}," is the index",[70,154255,3686],{"id":3685},[20,154257,106716,154258,3743],{},[15,154259,149792],{},[30,154261,154262,154265,154270,154275,154282],{},[33,154263,154264],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,154266,9291,154267,154269],{},[15,154268,59784],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,154271,154272,154273],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154274,2983],{},[33,154276,154277,154278,5241,154280],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154279,36910],{},[15,154281,53477],{},[33,154283,38041,154284,154286],{},[15,154285,149792],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[995,154288,61527],{"id":61526},[20,154290,94978],{},[75,154292,154294],{"className":77,"code":154293,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154295,154296,154306,154320,154335,154353],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154297,154298,154300,154302,154304],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154299,156],{"class":133},[84,154301,137],{"class":98},[84,154303,148605],{"class":146},[84,154305,150],{"class":98},[84,154307,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154309,156],{"class":133},[84,154311,137],{"class":98},[84,154313,12005],{"class":133},[84,154315,137],{"class":98},[84,154317,148605],{"class":146},[84,154319,169],{"class":98},[84,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154333],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154323,156],{"class":133},[84,154325,137],{"class":98},[84,154327,3304],{"class":146},[84,154329,1434],{"class":633},[84,154331,154332],{"class":146}," my_tuple",[84,154334,150],{"class":98},[84,154336,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154338,156],{"class":133},[84,154340,137],{"class":98},[84,154342,148605],{"class":146},[84,154344,307],{"class":98},[84,154346,42077],{"class":146},[84,154348,137],{"class":98},[84,154350,3329],{"class":146},[84,154352,169],{"class":98},[84,154354,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,154356,156],{"class":133},[84,154358,137],{"class":98},[84,154360,148605],{"class":146},[84,154362,307],{"class":98},[84,154364,36683],{"class":146},[84,154366,137],{"class":98},[84,154368,3329],{"class":146},[84,154370,169],{"class":98},[20,154372,154373,154374,84995,154376,154378],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154375,41521],{},[15,154377,3329],{}," is missing.",[20,154380,130222],{},[75,154382,154384],{"className":77,"code":154383,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154385,154386,154398,154416,154422],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154387,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154389,7836],{"class":633},[84,154391,22427],{"class":90},[84,154393,1434],{"class":94},[84,154395,154332],{"class":90},[84,154397,1440],{"class":98},[84,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154401,1445],{"class":133},[84,154403,137],{"class":98},[84,154405,148605],{"class":146},[84,154407,307],{"class":98},[84,154409,36683],{"class":146},[84,154411,137],{"class":98},[84,154413,3329],{"class":146},[84,154415,169],{"class":98},[84,154417,154418,154420],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154419,28274],{"class":633},[84,154421,1440],{"class":98},[84,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154425,1445],{"class":133},[84,154427,137],{"class":98},[84,154429,3711],{"class":185},[84,154431,153857],{"class":189},[84,154433,3711],{"class":185},[84,154435,150],{"class":98},[70,154437,2694],{"id":2693},[995,154439,5987,154441,13558],{"id":154440},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154442,149792],{},[20,154444,154445],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[995,154447,154449],{"id":154448},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154451,154452,153319],{},[15,154453,149792],{},[995,154455,149771],{"id":149770},[20,154457,77671,154458,307],{},[15,154459,41521],{},[995,154461,154463],{"id":154462},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154465,154466,154467,5241,154469,154471],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154468,36910],{},[15,154470,53477],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[995,154473,2715,154475,58021,154477,3348],{"id":154474},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154476,149792],{},[15,154478,65682],{},[20,154480,154481],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[70,154483,2751],{"id":2750},[30,154485,154486,154492,154496,154501,154505],{},[33,154487,154488],{},[303,154489,149818,154490,11583],{"href":149870},[15,154491,58106],{},[33,154493,154494],{},[303,154495,150260],{"href":153686},[33,154497,154498],{},[303,154499,154500],{"href":151566},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,154502,154503],{},[303,154504,66655],{"href":66654},[33,154506,154507],{},[303,154508,151514],{"href":153324},[2785,154510,154511],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":154513},[154514,154515,154517,154520,154521,154522,154523,154526,154527,154530,154539],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":153231,"depth":125,"text":154516},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311,"children":154518},[154519],{"id":18234,"depth":153,"text":18235},{"id":103977,"depth":125,"text":103978},{"id":153661,"depth":125,"text":153662},{"id":66445,"depth":125,"text":66446},{"id":66223,"depth":125,"text":67005,"children":154524},[154525],{"id":154013,"depth":153,"text":154014},{"id":154121,"depth":125,"text":154122},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686,"children":154528},[154529],{"id":61526,"depth":153,"text":61527},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":154531},[154532,154534,154535,154536,154537],{"id":154440,"depth":153,"text":154533},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154448,"depth":153,"text":154449},{"id":149770,"depth":153,"text":149771},{"id":154462,"depth":153,"text":154463},{"id":154474,"depth":153,"text":154538},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153126,"description":154540},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154547,"title":154548,"body":154549,"description":155944,"extension":2830,"meta":155945,"navigation":472,"path":153686,"seo":155946,"stem":155947,"__hash__":155948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154550,"toc":155926},[154551,154554,154557,154560,154574,154576,154579,154673,154683,154689,154693,154696,154699,154701,154719,154721,154792,154794,154811,154815,154819,154822,154839,154842,154857,154859,154950,154953,154957,154960,154977,154979,155074,155077,155080,155084,155087,155181,155183,155202,155205,155209,155212,155214,155269,155271,155306,155309,155323,155331,155424,155433,155437,155440,155447,155450,155497,155499,155507,155510,155561,155563,155580,155585,155589,155592,155595,155597,155648,155651,155706,155709,155712,155714,155717,155737,155739,155812,155815,155828,155830,155834,155839,155843,155848,155865,155869,155872,155889,155893,155896,155898,155923],[10,154552,154548],{"id":154553},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154555,154556],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154558,154559],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,154561,154562,154565,154568,154571],{},[33,154563,154564],{},"positive indexes",[33,154566,154567],{},"negative indexes",[33,154569,154570],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,154572,154573],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[70,154575,4464],{"id":4463},[20,154577,154578],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[75,154580,154582],{"className":77,"code":154581,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154583,154584,154616,154620,154637,154654],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154585,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612,154614],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154587,13919],{"class":90},[84,154589,95],{"class":94},[84,154591,10076],{"class":98},[84,154593,3711],{"class":185},[84,154595,13936],{"class":189},[84,154597,3711],{"class":185},[84,154599,106],{"class":98},[84,154601,4211],{"class":185},[84,154603,18296],{"class":189},[84,154605,3711],{"class":185},[84,154607,106],{"class":98},[84,154609,4211],{"class":185},[84,154611,13953],{"class":189},[84,154613,3711],{"class":185},[84,154615,150],{"class":98},[84,154617,154618],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154619,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,154621,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154623,156],{"class":133},[84,154625,137],{"class":98},[84,154627,18343],{"class":146},[84,154629,182],{"class":98},[84,154631,2983],{"class":102},[84,154633,21288],{"class":98},[84,154635,154636],{"class":4517},"   # red\n",[84,154638,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154640,156],{"class":133},[84,154642,137],{"class":98},[84,154644,18343],{"class":146},[84,154646,182],{"class":98},[84,154648,103],{"class":102},[84,154650,21288],{"class":98},[84,154652,154653],{"class":4517},"   # green\n",[84,154655,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,154657,156],{"class":133},[84,154659,137],{"class":98},[84,154661,18343],{"class":146},[84,154663,182],{"class":98},[84,154665,2888],{"class":94},[84,154667,103],{"class":102},[84,154669,21288],{"class":98},[84,154671,154672],{"class":4517},"  # blue\n",[30,154674,154675,154680],{},[33,154676,133011,154677,154679],{},[15,154678,2983],{}," is the first item.",[33,154681,154682],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154684,154685,154686,307],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[303,154687,154688],{"href":148590},"how to create a tuple in Python",[70,154690,154692],{"id":154691},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154694,154695],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154697,154698],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154700,12303],{},[30,154702,154703,154706,154713,154716],{},[33,154704,154705],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,154707,154708,154709,19805,154711],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154710,2983],{},[15,154712,103],{},[33,154714,154715],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,154717,154718],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154720,814],{},[75,154722,154724],{"className":77,"code":154723,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154725,154726,154746,154750,154764,154778],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154727,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154729,91],{"class":90},[84,154731,95],{"class":94},[84,154733,10076],{"class":98},[84,154735,437],{"class":102},[84,154737,106],{"class":98},[84,154739,442],{"class":102},[84,154741,106],{"class":98},[84,154743,447],{"class":102},[84,154745,150],{"class":98},[84,154747,154748],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154749,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,154751,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154753,156],{"class":133},[84,154755,137],{"class":98},[84,154757,535],{"class":146},[84,154759,182],{"class":98},[84,154761,2983],{"class":102},[84,154763,4737],{"class":98},[84,154765,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154767,156],{"class":133},[84,154769,137],{"class":98},[84,154771,535],{"class":146},[84,154773,182],{"class":98},[84,154775,103],{"class":102},[84,154777,4737],{"class":98},[84,154779,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,154781,156],{"class":133},[84,154783,137],{"class":98},[84,154785,535],{"class":146},[84,154787,182],{"class":98},[84,154789,199],{"class":102},[84,154791,4737],{"class":98},[20,154793,172],{},[75,154795,154797],{"className":77,"code":154796,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154798,154799,154803,154807],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154800,154801],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154802,3233],{"class":102},[84,154804,154805],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154806,72038],{"class":102},[84,154808,154809],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154810,70654],{"class":102},[20,154812,60209,154813,307],{},[303,154814,148587],{"href":148586},[70,154816,154818],{"id":154817},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154820,154821],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,154823,154824,154829,154834],{},[33,154825,154826,154828],{},[15,154827,2983],{}," = first item",[33,154830,154831,154833],{},[15,154832,103],{}," = second item",[33,154835,154836,154838],{},[15,154837,199],{}," = third item",[20,154840,154841],{},"Pattern:",[75,154843,154845],{"className":77,"code":154844,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154846,154847],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154848,154849,154851,154853,154855],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154850,153342],{"class":90},[84,154852,182],{"class":98},[84,154854,36683],{"class":90},[84,154856,122],{"class":98},[20,154858,814],{},[75,154860,154862],{"className":77,"code":154861,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154863,154864,154896,154900,154917,154933],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154867,37076],{"class":90},[84,154869,95],{"class":94},[84,154871,10076],{"class":98},[84,154873,3711],{"class":185},[84,154875,4928],{"class":189},[84,154877,3711],{"class":185},[84,154879,106],{"class":98},[84,154881,4211],{"class":185},[84,154883,4937],{"class":189},[84,154885,3711],{"class":185},[84,154887,106],{"class":98},[84,154889,4211],{"class":185},[84,154891,4946],{"class":189},[84,154893,3711],{"class":185},[84,154895,150],{"class":98},[84,154897,154898],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,154899,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,154901,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,154903,156],{"class":133},[84,154905,137],{"class":98},[84,154907,37128],{"class":146},[84,154909,182],{"class":98},[84,154911,2983],{"class":102},[84,154913,21288],{"class":98},[84,154915,154916],{"class":4517},"  # apple\n",[84,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,154920,156],{"class":133},[84,154922,137],{"class":98},[84,154924,37128],{"class":146},[84,154926,182],{"class":98},[84,154928,103],{"class":102},[84,154930,21288],{"class":98},[84,154932,52302],{"class":4517},[84,154934,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,154936,156],{"class":133},[84,154938,137],{"class":98},[84,154940,37128],{"class":146},[84,154942,182],{"class":98},[84,154944,199],{"class":102},[84,154946,21288],{"class":98},[84,154948,154949],{"class":4517},"  # cherry\n",[20,154951,154952],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[70,154954,154956],{"id":154955},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154958,154959],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154961,154962,154967,154972],{},[33,154963,154964,154966],{},[15,154965,66670],{}," = last item",[33,154968,154969,154971],{},[15,154970,96008],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154973,154974,154976],{},[15,154975,48486],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154978,814],{},[75,154980,154982],{"className":77,"code":154981,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154983,154984,155016,155020,155038,155056],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,154985,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,154987,37076],{"class":90},[84,154989,95],{"class":94},[84,154991,10076],{"class":98},[84,154993,3711],{"class":185},[84,154995,4928],{"class":189},[84,154997,3711],{"class":185},[84,154999,106],{"class":98},[84,155001,4211],{"class":185},[84,155003,4937],{"class":189},[84,155005,3711],{"class":185},[84,155007,106],{"class":98},[84,155009,4211],{"class":185},[84,155011,4946],{"class":189},[84,155013,3711],{"class":185},[84,155015,150],{"class":98},[84,155017,155018],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155019,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155021,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155023,156],{"class":133},[84,155025,137],{"class":98},[84,155027,37128],{"class":146},[84,155029,182],{"class":98},[84,155031,2888],{"class":94},[84,155033,103],{"class":102},[84,155035,21288],{"class":98},[84,155037,154949],{"class":4517},[84,155039,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,155041,156],{"class":133},[84,155043,137],{"class":98},[84,155045,37128],{"class":146},[84,155047,182],{"class":98},[84,155049,2888],{"class":94},[84,155051,199],{"class":102},[84,155053,21288],{"class":98},[84,155055,52302],{"class":4517},[84,155057,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,155059,156],{"class":133},[84,155061,137],{"class":98},[84,155063,37128],{"class":146},[84,155065,182],{"class":98},[84,155067,2888],{"class":94},[84,155069,208],{"class":102},[84,155071,21288],{"class":98},[84,155073,154916],{"class":4517},[20,155075,155076],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,155078,155079],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[70,155081,155083],{"id":155082},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,155085,155086],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[75,155088,155090],{"className":77,"code":155089,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,155091,155092,155124,155128,155145,155162],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155093,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120,155122],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155095,5842],{"class":90},[84,155097,95],{"class":94},[84,155099,10076],{"class":98},[84,155101,3711],{"class":185},[84,155103,13723],{"class":189},[84,155105,3711],{"class":185},[84,155107,106],{"class":98},[84,155109,4211],{"class":185},[84,155111,36778],{"class":189},[84,155113,3711],{"class":185},[84,155115,106],{"class":98},[84,155117,4211],{"class":185},[84,155119,36787],{"class":189},[84,155121,3711],{"class":185},[84,155123,150],{"class":98},[84,155125,155126],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155127,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155129,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155131,156],{"class":133},[84,155133,137],{"class":98},[84,155135,5886],{"class":146},[84,155137,182],{"class":98},[84,155139,2983],{"class":102},[84,155141,21288],{"class":98},[84,155143,155144],{"class":4517},"   # first item\n",[84,155146,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,155148,156],{"class":133},[84,155150,137],{"class":98},[84,155152,5886],{"class":146},[84,155154,182],{"class":98},[84,155156,103],{"class":102},[84,155158,21288],{"class":98},[84,155160,155161],{"class":4517},"   # middle item\n",[84,155163,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,155165,156],{"class":133},[84,155167,137],{"class":98},[84,155169,5886],{"class":146},[84,155171,182],{"class":98},[84,155173,2888],{"class":94},[84,155175,103],{"class":102},[84,155177,21288],{"class":98},[84,155179,155180],{"class":4517},"  # last item\n",[20,155182,172],{},[75,155184,155186],{"className":77,"code":155185,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155187,155188,155192,155197],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155189,155190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155191,50855],{"class":90},[84,155193,155194],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155195,155196],{"class":90},"Ben\n",[84,155198,155199],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155200,155201],{"class":90},"Cara\n",[20,155203,155204],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[70,155206,155208],{"id":155207},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155210,155211],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155213,814],{},[75,155215,155217],{"className":77,"code":155216,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155218,155219,155251,155255],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155220,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247,155249],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155222,36928],{"class":90},[84,155224,95],{"class":94},[84,155226,10076],{"class":98},[84,155228,3711],{"class":185},[84,155230,303],{"class":189},[84,155232,3711],{"class":185},[84,155234,106],{"class":98},[84,155236,4211],{"class":185},[84,155238,5608],{"class":189},[84,155240,3711],{"class":185},[84,155242,106],{"class":98},[84,155244,4211],{"class":185},[84,155246,10580],{"class":189},[84,155248,3711],{"class":185},[84,155250,150],{"class":98},[84,155252,155253],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155254,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155256,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155258,156],{"class":133},[84,155260,137],{"class":98},[84,155262,36981],{"class":146},[84,155264,182],{"class":98},[84,155266,3000],{"class":102},[84,155268,4737],{"class":98},[20,155270,172],{},[75,155272,155274],{"className":77,"code":155273,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155275,155276,155288,155293],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155277,155278,155281,155283,155286],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155279,155280],{"class":146},"Traceback ",[84,155282,137],{"class":98},[84,155284,155285],{"class":146},"most recent call last",[84,155287,628],{"class":98},[84,155289,155290],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155291,155292],{"class":1266},"  ...\n",[84,155294,155295,155297,155299,155301,155304],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155296,71545],{"class":140},[84,155298,3743],{"class":98},[84,155300,149953],{"class":140},[84,155302,155303],{"class":90}," index out of ",[84,155305,71737],{"class":133},[20,155307,155308],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,155310,155311,155315,155319],{},[33,155312,155313],{},[15,155314,2983],{},[33,155316,155317],{},[15,155318,103],{},[33,155320,155321],{},[15,155322,199],{},[20,155324,155325,155326,307],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[303,155327,155328,155330],{"href":149825},[15,155329,43178],{}," on a tuple",[75,155332,155334],{"className":77,"code":155333,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155335,155336,155368,155372,155388,155392,155410],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155337,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155339,36928],{"class":90},[84,155341,95],{"class":94},[84,155343,10076],{"class":98},[84,155345,3711],{"class":185},[84,155347,303],{"class":189},[84,155349,3711],{"class":185},[84,155351,106],{"class":98},[84,155353,4211],{"class":185},[84,155355,5608],{"class":189},[84,155357,3711],{"class":185},[84,155359,106],{"class":98},[84,155361,4211],{"class":185},[84,155363,10580],{"class":189},[84,155365,3711],{"class":185},[84,155367,150],{"class":98},[84,155369,155370],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155371,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155373,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155375,156],{"class":133},[84,155377,137],{"class":98},[84,155379,12005],{"class":133},[84,155381,137],{"class":98},[84,155383,36981],{"class":146},[84,155385,6204],{"class":98},[84,155387,51586],{"class":4517},[84,155389,155390],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,155391,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155393,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,155395,7836],{"class":633},[84,155397,39210],{"class":133},[84,155399,137],{"class":98},[84,155401,36981],{"class":146},[84,155403,1970],{"class":98},[84,155405,39220],{"class":94},[84,155407,109],{"class":102},[84,155409,1440],{"class":98},[84,155411,155412,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,155413,1445],{"class":133},[84,155415,137],{"class":98},[84,155417,36981],{"class":146},[84,155419,182],{"class":98},[84,155421,199],{"class":102},[84,155423,4737],{"class":98},[20,155425,155426,155427,307],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[303,155428,26519,155430],{"href":155429},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155431,155432],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[70,155434,155436],{"id":155435},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155438,155439],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,155441,155442,155444],{},[33,155443,77688],{},[33,155445,155446],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155448,155449],{},"Indexing example:",[75,155451,155453],{"className":77,"code":155452,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155454,155455,155479,155483],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155458,91],{"class":90},[84,155460,95],{"class":94},[84,155462,10076],{"class":98},[84,155464,437],{"class":102},[84,155466,106],{"class":98},[84,155468,442],{"class":102},[84,155470,106],{"class":98},[84,155472,447],{"class":102},[84,155474,106],{"class":98},[84,155476,51659],{"class":102},[84,155478,150],{"class":98},[84,155480,155481],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155482,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155484,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155486,156],{"class":133},[84,155488,137],{"class":98},[84,155490,535],{"class":146},[84,155492,182],{"class":98},[84,155494,103],{"class":102},[84,155496,4737],{"class":98},[20,155498,172],{},[75,155500,155501],{"className":77,"code":72038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,155502,155503],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155504,155505],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155506,72038],{"class":102},[20,155508,155509],{},"Slicing example:",[75,155511,155513],{"className":77,"code":155512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155514,155515,155539,155543],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155516,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155518,91],{"class":90},[84,155520,95],{"class":94},[84,155522,10076],{"class":98},[84,155524,437],{"class":102},[84,155526,106],{"class":98},[84,155528,442],{"class":102},[84,155530,106],{"class":98},[84,155532,447],{"class":102},[84,155534,106],{"class":98},[84,155536,51659],{"class":102},[84,155538,150],{"class":98},[84,155540,155541],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155542,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,155544,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155546,156],{"class":133},[84,155548,137],{"class":98},[84,155550,535],{"class":146},[84,155552,182],{"class":98},[84,155554,103],{"class":102},[84,155556,3743],{"class":98},[84,155558,208],{"class":102},[84,155560,4737],{"class":98},[20,155562,172],{},[75,155564,155566],{"className":77,"code":155565,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155567,155568],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155569,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155571,137],{"class":98},[84,155573,512],{"class":102},[84,155575,106],{"class":98},[84,155577,447],{"class":102},[84,155579,150],{"class":98},[20,155581,155582,155583,307],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[303,155584,151504],{"href":151503},[70,155586,155588],{"id":155587},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155590,155591],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155593,155594],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155596,7526],{},[75,155598,155600],{"className":77,"code":155599,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155601,155602,155634],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155603,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155605,13919],{"class":90},[84,155607,95],{"class":94},[84,155609,10076],{"class":98},[84,155611,3711],{"class":185},[84,155613,13936],{"class":189},[84,155615,3711],{"class":185},[84,155617,106],{"class":98},[84,155619,4211],{"class":185},[84,155621,18296],{"class":189},[84,155623,3711],{"class":185},[84,155625,106],{"class":98},[84,155627,4211],{"class":185},[84,155629,13953],{"class":189},[84,155631,3711],{"class":185},[84,155633,150],{"class":98},[84,155635,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155637,156],{"class":133},[84,155639,137],{"class":98},[84,155641,18343],{"class":146},[84,155643,182],{"class":98},[84,155645,103],{"class":102},[84,155647,4737],{"class":98},[20,155649,155650],{},"But this does not work:",[75,155652,155654],{"className":77,"code":155653,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155655,155656,155688],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155657,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155659,13919],{"class":90},[84,155661,95],{"class":94},[84,155663,10076],{"class":98},[84,155665,3711],{"class":185},[84,155667,13936],{"class":189},[84,155669,3711],{"class":185},[84,155671,106],{"class":98},[84,155673,4211],{"class":185},[84,155675,18296],{"class":189},[84,155677,3711],{"class":185},[84,155679,106],{"class":98},[84,155681,4211],{"class":185},[84,155683,13953],{"class":189},[84,155685,3711],{"class":185},[84,155687,150],{"class":98},[84,155689,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155691,18343],{"class":90},[84,155693,182],{"class":98},[84,155695,103],{"class":102},[84,155697,14117],{"class":98},[84,155699,14120],{"class":94},[84,155701,4211],{"class":185},[84,155703,23367],{"class":189},[84,155705,4217],{"class":185},[20,155707,155708],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155710,155711],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[70,155713,3686],{"id":3685},[20,155715,155716],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,155718,155719,155725,155728,155731],{},[33,155720,133315,155721,11935,155723],{},[15,155722,103],{},[15,155724,2983],{},[33,155726,155727],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,155729,155730],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,155732,155733,155734],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155735,155736],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155738,63112],{},[75,155740,155742],{"className":77,"code":155741,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155743,155744,155754,155768,155782,155798],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155745,155746,155748,155750,155752],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155747,156],{"class":133},[84,155749,137],{"class":98},[84,155751,148605],{"class":146},[84,155753,150],{"class":98},[84,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,155757,156],{"class":133},[84,155759,137],{"class":98},[84,155761,12005],{"class":133},[84,155763,137],{"class":98},[84,155765,148605],{"class":146},[84,155767,169],{"class":98},[84,155769,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,155771,156],{"class":133},[84,155773,137],{"class":98},[84,155775,148605],{"class":146},[84,155777,182],{"class":98},[84,155779,2983],{"class":102},[84,155781,4737],{"class":98},[84,155783,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,155785,156],{"class":133},[84,155787,137],{"class":98},[84,155789,148605],{"class":146},[84,155791,182],{"class":98},[84,155793,2888],{"class":94},[84,155795,103],{"class":102},[84,155797,4737],{"class":98},[84,155799,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,155801,156],{"class":133},[84,155803,137],{"class":98},[84,155805,2624],{"class":140},[84,155807,137],{"class":98},[84,155809,148605],{"class":146},[84,155811,169],{"class":98},[20,155813,155814],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,155816,155817,155820,155822,155825],{},[33,155818,155819],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,155821,61601],{},[33,155823,155824],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,155826,155827],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[70,155829,2694],{"id":2693},[995,155831,155833],{"id":155832},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155835,155836,155837,307],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155838,2983],{},[995,155840,155842],{"id":155841},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155844,224,155845,155847],{},[15,155846,66670],{}," as the index:",[75,155849,155851],{"className":77,"code":155850,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155852,155853],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155856,148605],{"class":90},[84,155858,182],{"class":98},[84,155860,2888],{"class":94},[84,155862,103],{"class":102},[84,155864,122],{"class":98},[995,155866,155868],{"id":155867},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155870,155871],{},"Python raises:",[75,155873,155875],{"className":77,"code":155874,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155876,155877],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155878,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155880,71545],{"class":140},[84,155882,3743],{"class":98},[84,155884,149953],{"class":140},[84,155886,155303],{"class":90},[84,155888,71737],{"class":133},[995,155890,155892],{"id":155891},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155894,155895],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[70,155897,2751],{"id":2750},[30,155899,155900,155905,155909,155913,155919],{},[33,155901,155902],{},[303,155903,155904],{"href":148590},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155906,155907],{},[303,155908,151504],{"href":151503},[33,155910,155911],{},[303,155912,151509],{"href":149825},[33,155914,155915],{},[303,155916,26962,155917],{"href":155429},[15,155918,155432],{},[33,155920,155921],{},[303,155922,148587],{"href":148586},[2785,155924,155925],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":155927},[155928,155929,155930,155931,155932,155933,155934,155935,155936,155937,155943],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":154691,"depth":125,"text":154692},{"id":154817,"depth":125,"text":154818},{"id":154955,"depth":125,"text":154956},{"id":155082,"depth":125,"text":155083},{"id":155207,"depth":125,"text":155208},{"id":155435,"depth":125,"text":155436},{"id":155587,"depth":125,"text":155588},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":155938},[155939,155940,155941,155942],{"id":155832,"depth":153,"text":155833},{"id":155841,"depth":153,"text":155842},{"id":155867,"depth":153,"text":155868},{"id":155891,"depth":153,"text":155892},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154548,"description":155944},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155950,"title":155951,"body":155952,"description":157841,"extension":2830,"meta":157842,"navigation":472,"path":157843,"seo":157844,"stem":157845,"__hash__":157846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155953,"toc":157798},[155954,155960,155965,156016,156020,156028,156034,156036,156052,156054,156057,156072,156074,156087,156089,156146,156150,156158,156165,156171,156177,156181,156232,156236,156244,156248,156277,156281,156289,156293,156326,156330,156338,156342,156345,156396,156400,156408,156410,156427,156431,156435,156494,156498,156506,156509,156536,156540,156548,156552,156558,156633,156637,156674,156682,156686,156749,156753,156761,156766,156770,156776,156819,156823,156831,156837,156840,156887,156891,156899,156908,156914,156969,156973,156981,156984,156988,156990,157021,157025,157044,157047,157092,157096,157119,157125,157130,157132,157179,157184,157187,157235,157239,157247,157251,157256,157260,157310,157314,157329,157333,157391,157395,157410,157414,157485,157489,157498,157502,157581,157585,157607,157615,157617,157620,157645,157647,157700,157702,157719,157721,157725,157731,157736,157741,157745,157750,157754,157759,157765,157768,157770,157795],[10,155955,155957,155958,1970],{"id":155956},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155959,12005],{},[20,155961,224,155962,155964],{},[15,155963,43178],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[75,155966,155968],{"className":77,"code":155967,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155969,155970,156002],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,155971,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,155973,13919],{"class":90},[84,155975,95],{"class":94},[84,155977,10076],{"class":98},[84,155979,3711],{"class":185},[84,155981,13936],{"class":189},[84,155983,3711],{"class":185},[84,155985,106],{"class":98},[84,155987,4211],{"class":185},[84,155989,18296],{"class":189},[84,155991,3711],{"class":185},[84,155993,106],{"class":98},[84,155995,4211],{"class":185},[84,155997,13953],{"class":189},[84,155999,3711],{"class":185},[84,156001,150],{"class":98},[84,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156005,156],{"class":133},[84,156007,137],{"class":98},[84,156009,12005],{"class":133},[84,156011,137],{"class":98},[84,156013,18343],{"class":146},[84,156015,169],{"class":98},[20,156017,156018],{},[53,156019,172],{},[75,156021,156022],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156023,156024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156025,156026],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156027,1474],{"class":102},[20,156029,224,156030,156033],{},[15,156031,156032],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[70,156035,16006],{"id":16005},[30,156037,156038,156043,156047,156050],{},[33,156039,5048,156040,156042],{},[15,156041,43178],{}," works with tuples",[33,156044,69072,156045,12548],{},[15,156046,43178],{},[33,156048,156049],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,156051,2058],{},[70,156053,311],{"id":310},[20,156055,156056],{},"Use this pattern:",[75,156058,156060],{"className":77,"code":156059,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,156061,156062],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156065,12005],{"class":133},[84,156067,137],{"class":98},[84,156069,148605],{"class":146},[84,156071,150],{"class":98},[20,156073,12303],{},[30,156075,156076,156079,156082],{},[33,156077,156078],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,156080,156081],{},"The result is an integer",[33,156083,156084,156086],{},[15,156085,43178],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,156088,814],{},[75,156090,156092],{"className":77,"code":156091,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,156093,156094,156118,156132,156136],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156097,91],{"class":90},[84,156099,95],{"class":94},[84,156101,10076],{"class":98},[84,156103,437],{"class":102},[84,156105,106],{"class":98},[84,156107,442],{"class":102},[84,156109,106],{"class":98},[84,156111,447],{"class":102},[84,156113,106],{"class":98},[84,156115,51659],{"class":102},[84,156117,150],{"class":98},[84,156119,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156121,42059],{"class":90},[84,156123,95],{"class":94},[84,156125,39210],{"class":133},[84,156127,137],{"class":98},[84,156129,535],{"class":146},[84,156131,150],{"class":98},[84,156133,156134],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,156135,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,156137,156138,156140,156142,156144],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,156139,156],{"class":133},[84,156141,137],{"class":98},[84,156143,42077],{"class":146},[84,156145,150],{"class":98},[20,156147,156148],{},[53,156149,172],{},[75,156151,156152],{"className":77,"code":49465,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156153,156154],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156155,156156],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156157,49465],{"class":102},[20,156159,156160,156161,307],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[303,156162,13,156163,591],{"href":43175},[15,156164,43178],{},[70,156166,235,156168,156170],{"id":156167},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156169,43178],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156172,156173,156174,156176],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156175,43178],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[995,156178,156180],{"id":156179},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[75,156182,156184],{"className":77,"code":156183,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156185,156186,156218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156187,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156189,37076],{"class":90},[84,156191,95],{"class":94},[84,156193,10076],{"class":98},[84,156195,3711],{"class":185},[84,156197,4928],{"class":189},[84,156199,3711],{"class":185},[84,156201,106],{"class":98},[84,156203,4211],{"class":185},[84,156205,4937],{"class":189},[84,156207,3711],{"class":185},[84,156209,106],{"class":98},[84,156211,4211],{"class":185},[84,156213,34061],{"class":189},[84,156215,3711],{"class":185},[84,156217,150],{"class":98},[84,156219,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156221,156],{"class":133},[84,156223,137],{"class":98},[84,156225,12005],{"class":133},[84,156227,137],{"class":98},[84,156229,37128],{"class":146},[84,156231,169],{"class":98},[20,156233,156234],{},[53,156235,172],{},[75,156237,156238],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156239,156240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156241,156242],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156243,1474],{"class":102},[995,156245,156247],{"id":156246},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[75,156249,156251],{"className":77,"code":156250,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156252,156253,156262],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156254,156255,156258,156260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156256,156257],{"class":90},"empty_tuple ",[84,156259,95],{"class":94},[84,156261,149929],{"class":98},[84,156263,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156275],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156265,156],{"class":133},[84,156267,137],{"class":98},[84,156269,12005],{"class":133},[84,156271,137],{"class":98},[84,156273,156274],{"class":146},"empty_tuple",[84,156276,169],{"class":98},[20,156278,156279],{},[53,156280,172],{},[75,156282,156283],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156284,156285],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156286,156287],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156288,48067],{"class":102},[995,156290,156292],{"id":156291},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[75,156294,156296],{"className":77,"code":156295,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156297,156298,156311],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156299,156300,156303,156305,156307,156309],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156301,156302],{"class":90},"single_value ",[84,156304,95],{"class":94},[84,156306,10076],{"class":98},[84,156308,3000],{"class":102},[84,156310,149943],{"class":98},[84,156312,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156324],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156314,156],{"class":133},[84,156316,137],{"class":98},[84,156318,12005],{"class":133},[84,156320,137],{"class":98},[84,156322,156323],{"class":146},"single_value",[84,156325,169],{"class":98},[20,156327,156328],{},[53,156329,172],{},[75,156331,156332],{"className":77,"code":1464,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156333,156334],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156335,156336],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156337,1464],{"class":102},[995,156339,156341],{"id":156340},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156343,156344],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[75,156346,156348],{"className":77,"code":156347,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156349,156350,156382],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156351,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156353,10005],{"class":90},[84,156355,95],{"class":94},[84,156357,10076],{"class":98},[84,156359,103],{"class":102},[84,156361,106],{"class":98},[84,156363,10076],{"class":98},[84,156365,199],{"class":102},[84,156367,106],{"class":98},[84,156369,114],{"class":102},[84,156371,10073],{"class":98},[84,156373,99],{"class":98},[84,156375,217],{"class":102},[84,156377,106],{"class":98},[84,156379,5452],{"class":102},[84,156381,4737],{"class":98},[84,156383,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156385,156],{"class":133},[84,156387,137],{"class":98},[84,156389,12005],{"class":133},[84,156391,137],{"class":98},[84,156393,10044],{"class":146},[84,156395,169],{"class":98},[20,156397,156398],{},[53,156399,172],{},[75,156401,156402],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156403,156404],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156405,156406],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156407,1474],{"class":102},[20,156409,20799],{},[30,156411,156412,156417,156422],{},[33,156413,156414,156416],{},[15,156415,103],{}," is one item",[33,156418,156419,156416],{},[15,156420,156421],{},"(2, 3)",[33,156423,156424,156416],{},[15,156425,156426],{},"[4, 5]",[70,156428,156430],{"id":156429},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[995,156432,156434],{"id":156433},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[75,156436,156438],{"className":77,"code":156437,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156439,156440,156480],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156441,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156443,13919],{"class":90},[84,156445,95],{"class":94},[84,156447,10076],{"class":98},[84,156449,3711],{"class":185},[84,156451,13936],{"class":189},[84,156453,3711],{"class":185},[84,156455,106],{"class":98},[84,156457,4211],{"class":185},[84,156459,18296],{"class":189},[84,156461,3711],{"class":185},[84,156463,106],{"class":98},[84,156465,4211],{"class":185},[84,156467,13953],{"class":189},[84,156469,3711],{"class":185},[84,156471,106],{"class":98},[84,156473,4211],{"class":185},[84,156475,23367],{"class":189},[84,156477,3711],{"class":185},[84,156479,150],{"class":98},[84,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156483,156],{"class":133},[84,156485,137],{"class":98},[84,156487,12005],{"class":133},[84,156489,137],{"class":98},[84,156491,18343],{"class":146},[84,156493,169],{"class":98},[20,156495,156496],{},[53,156497,172],{},[75,156499,156500],{"className":77,"code":49465,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156501,156502],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156503,156504],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156505,49465],{"class":102},[995,156507,156247],{"id":156508},"empty-tuple-1",[75,156510,156512],{"className":77,"code":156511,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156513,156514,156522],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156515,156516,156518,156520],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156517,8620],{"class":90},[84,156519,95],{"class":94},[84,156521,149929],{"class":98},[84,156523,156524,156526,156528,156530,156532,156534],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156525,156],{"class":133},[84,156527,137],{"class":98},[84,156529,12005],{"class":133},[84,156531,137],{"class":98},[84,156533,8649],{"class":146},[84,156535,169],{"class":98},[20,156537,156538],{},[53,156539,172],{},[75,156541,156542],{"className":77,"code":48067,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156543,156544],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156545,156546],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156547,48067],{"class":102},[995,156549,156551],{"id":156550},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156553,156554,156555,156557],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[53,156556,55],{}," always a tuple.",[75,156559,156561],{"className":77,"code":156560,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156562,156563,156575,156587,156591,156605,156619],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156566,3410],{"class":90},[84,156568,95],{"class":94},[84,156570,10076],{"class":98},[84,156572,3000],{"class":102},[84,156574,150],{"class":98},[84,156576,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156578,3437],{"class":90},[84,156580,95],{"class":94},[84,156582,10076],{"class":98},[84,156584,3000],{"class":102},[84,156586,149943],{"class":98},[84,156588,156589],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,156590,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,156592,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,156594,156],{"class":133},[84,156596,137],{"class":98},[84,156598,2624],{"class":140},[84,156600,137],{"class":98},[84,156602,303],{"class":146},[84,156604,169],{"class":98},[84,156606,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,156608,156],{"class":133},[84,156610,137],{"class":98},[84,156612,2624],{"class":140},[84,156614,137],{"class":98},[84,156616,5608],{"class":146},[84,156618,169],{"class":98},[84,156620,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,156622,156],{"class":133},[84,156624,137],{"class":98},[84,156626,12005],{"class":133},[84,156628,137],{"class":98},[84,156630,5608],{"class":146},[84,156632,169],{"class":98},[20,156634,156635],{},[53,156636,172],{},[75,156638,156640],{"className":77,"code":156639,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156641,156642,156656,156670],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156643,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156645,1251],{"class":94},[84,156647,4152],{"class":614},[84,156649,196],{"class":185},[84,156651,365],{"class":189},[84,156653,186],{"class":185},[84,156655,1270],{"class":94},[84,156657,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156659,1251],{"class":94},[84,156661,4152],{"class":614},[84,156663,196],{"class":185},[84,156665,49768],{"class":189},[84,156667,186],{"class":185},[84,156669,1270],{"class":94},[84,156671,156672],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,156673,1464],{"class":102},[20,156675,156676,156677,5241,156680,307],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[303,156678,156679],{"href":148590},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[303,156681,149891],{"href":149890},[995,156683,156685],{"id":156684},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[75,156687,156689],{"className":77,"code":156688,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156690,156691,156735],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156692,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156694,60289],{"class":90},[84,156696,95],{"class":94},[84,156698,10076],{"class":98},[84,156700,3711],{"class":185},[84,156702,4928],{"class":189},[84,156704,3711],{"class":185},[84,156706,106],{"class":98},[84,156708,99],{"class":98},[84,156710,103],{"class":102},[84,156712,106],{"class":98},[84,156714,109],{"class":102},[84,156716,18903],{"class":98},[84,156718,10076],{"class":98},[84,156720,3711],{"class":185},[84,156722,625],{"class":189},[84,156724,3711],{"class":185},[84,156726,106],{"class":98},[84,156728,4211],{"class":185},[84,156730,12588],{"class":189},[84,156732,3711],{"class":185},[84,156734,169],{"class":98},[84,156736,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156738,156],{"class":133},[84,156740,137],{"class":98},[84,156742,12005],{"class":133},[84,156744,137],{"class":98},[84,156746,60342],{"class":146},[84,156748,169],{"class":98},[20,156750,156751],{},[53,156752,172],{},[75,156754,156755],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156756,156757],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156758,156759],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156760,1474],{"class":102},[20,156762,156763,156765],{},[15,156764,43178],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[70,156767,156769],{"id":156768},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[995,156771,156773,156775],{"id":156772},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156774,43178],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[75,156777,156779],{"className":77,"code":156778,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156780,156781,156805],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156782,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156784,4919],{"class":90},[84,156786,95],{"class":94},[84,156788,10076],{"class":98},[84,156790,3711],{"class":185},[84,156792,64413],{"class":189},[84,156794,3711],{"class":185},[84,156796,106],{"class":98},[84,156798,4211],{"class":185},[84,156800,79],{"class":189},[84,156802,3711],{"class":185},[84,156804,150],{"class":98},[84,156806,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156808,156],{"class":133},[84,156810,137],{"class":98},[84,156812,12005],{"class":133},[84,156814,137],{"class":98},[84,156816,4963],{"class":146},[84,156818,169],{"class":98},[20,156820,156821],{},[53,156822,172],{},[75,156824,156825],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156826,156827],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156828,156829],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156830,1469],{"class":102},[20,156832,156833,156834,156836],{},"This result is ",[15,156835,199],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156838,156839],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[75,156841,156843],{"className":77,"code":156842,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156844,156845,156869],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156846,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156848,4919],{"class":90},[84,156850,95],{"class":94},[84,156852,10076],{"class":98},[84,156854,3711],{"class":185},[84,156856,64413],{"class":189},[84,156858,3711],{"class":185},[84,156860,106],{"class":98},[84,156862,4211],{"class":185},[84,156864,79],{"class":189},[84,156866,3711],{"class":185},[84,156868,150],{"class":98},[84,156870,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156872,156],{"class":133},[84,156874,137],{"class":98},[84,156876,12005],{"class":133},[84,156878,137],{"class":98},[84,156880,4963],{"class":146},[84,156882,182],{"class":98},[84,156884,2983],{"class":102},[84,156886,3858],{"class":98},[20,156888,156889],{},[53,156890,172],{},[75,156892,156893],{"className":77,"code":1469,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156894,156895],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156896,156897],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156898,1469],{"class":102},[20,156900,21613,156901,156904,156905,307],{},[15,156902,156903],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156906,156907],{},"\"hi\"",[995,156909,156911,156913],{"id":156910},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156912,43178],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[75,156915,156917],{"className":77,"code":156916,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156918,156919,156955],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156920,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156922,1777],{"class":90},[84,156924,95],{"class":94},[84,156926,10836],{"class":98},[84,156928,103],{"class":102},[84,156930,106],{"class":98},[84,156932,109],{"class":102},[84,156934,10073],{"class":98},[84,156936,10076],{"class":98},[84,156938,208],{"class":102},[84,156940,106],{"class":98},[84,156942,119],{"class":102},[84,156944,10073],{"class":98},[84,156946,10076],{"class":98},[84,156948,3000],{"class":102},[84,156950,106],{"class":98},[84,156952,733],{"class":102},[84,156954,169],{"class":98},[84,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,156958,156],{"class":133},[84,156960,137],{"class":98},[84,156962,12005],{"class":133},[84,156964,137],{"class":98},[84,156966,6201],{"class":146},[84,156968,169],{"class":98},[20,156970,156971],{},[53,156972,172],{},[75,156974,156975],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,156976,156977],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156978,156979],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156980,1474],{"class":102},[20,156982,156983],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[995,156985,156987],{"id":156986},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156989,26530],{},[75,156991,156993],{"className":77,"code":156992,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156994,156995,157007],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,156996,156997,156999,157001,157003,157005],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,156998,3304],{"class":90},[84,157000,95],{"class":94},[84,157002,10076],{"class":98},[84,157004,437],{"class":102},[84,157006,150],{"class":98},[84,157008,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157010,156],{"class":133},[84,157012,137],{"class":98},[84,157014,2624],{"class":140},[84,157016,137],{"class":98},[84,157018,3329],{"class":146},[84,157020,169],{"class":98},[20,157022,157023],{},[53,157024,172],{},[75,157026,157028],{"className":77,"code":157027,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,157029,157030],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157031,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157033,1251],{"class":94},[84,157035,4152],{"class":614},[84,157037,196],{"class":185},[84,157039,365],{"class":189},[84,157041,186],{"class":185},[84,157043,1270],{"class":94},[20,157045,157046],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[75,157048,157050],{"className":77,"code":157049,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,157051,157052,157064,157078],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157053,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157055,3304],{"class":90},[84,157057,95],{"class":94},[84,157059,10076],{"class":98},[84,157061,437],{"class":102},[84,157063,149943],{"class":98},[84,157065,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157067,156],{"class":133},[84,157069,137],{"class":98},[84,157071,2624],{"class":140},[84,157073,137],{"class":98},[84,157075,3329],{"class":146},[84,157077,169],{"class":98},[84,157079,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157081,156],{"class":133},[84,157083,137],{"class":98},[84,157085,12005],{"class":133},[84,157087,137],{"class":98},[84,157089,3329],{"class":146},[84,157091,169],{"class":98},[20,157093,157094],{},[53,157095,172],{},[75,157097,157099],{"className":77,"code":157098,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,157100,157101,157115],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157102,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157104,1251],{"class":94},[84,157106,4152],{"class":614},[84,157108,196],{"class":185},[84,157110,49768],{"class":189},[84,157112,186],{"class":185},[84,157114,1270],{"class":94},[84,157116,157117],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157118,1464],{"class":102},[995,157120,157122,157124],{"id":157121},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,157123,12005],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,157126,45247,157127,157129],{},[15,157128,12005],{}," as a variable name.",[20,157131,45278],{},[75,157133,157135],{"className":77,"code":157134,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157136,157137,157145,157165],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157138,157139,157141,157143],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157140,12005],{"class":133},[84,157142,14120],{"class":94},[84,157144,3442],{"class":102},[84,157146,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157148,91],{"class":90},[84,157150,95],{"class":94},[84,157152,10076],{"class":98},[84,157154,103],{"class":102},[84,157156,106],{"class":98},[84,157158,109],{"class":102},[84,157160,106],{"class":98},[84,157162,114],{"class":102},[84,157164,150],{"class":98},[84,157166,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157168,156],{"class":133},[84,157170,137],{"class":98},[84,157172,12005],{"class":133},[84,157174,137],{"class":98},[84,157176,535],{"class":146},[84,157178,169],{"class":98},[20,157180,40477,157181,157183],{},[15,157182,12005],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157185,157186],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[75,157188,157190],{"className":77,"code":157189,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157191,157192,157201,157221],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157193,157194,157197,157199],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157195,157196],{"class":90},"length_value ",[84,157198,95],{"class":94},[84,157200,3442],{"class":102},[84,157202,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157204,91],{"class":90},[84,157206,95],{"class":94},[84,157208,10076],{"class":98},[84,157210,103],{"class":102},[84,157212,106],{"class":98},[84,157214,109],{"class":102},[84,157216,106],{"class":98},[84,157218,114],{"class":102},[84,157220,150],{"class":98},[84,157222,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157224,156],{"class":133},[84,157226,137],{"class":98},[84,157228,12005],{"class":133},[84,157230,137],{"class":98},[84,157232,535],{"class":146},[84,157234,169],{"class":98},[20,157236,157237],{},[53,157238,172],{},[75,157240,157241],{"className":77,"code":1474,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,157242,157243],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157244,157245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157246,1474],{"class":102},[70,157248,157250],{"id":157249},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157252,157253,157255],{},[15,157254,43178],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[995,157257,157259],{"id":157258},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[75,157261,157263],{"className":77,"code":157262,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157264,157265,157273,157277,157295],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157266,157267,157269,157271],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157268,8620],{"class":90},[84,157270,95],{"class":94},[84,157272,149929],{"class":98},[84,157274,157275],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157276,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,157278,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157280,7836],{"class":633},[84,157282,39210],{"class":133},[84,157284,137],{"class":98},[84,157286,8649],{"class":146},[84,157288,1970],{"class":98},[84,157290,7249],{"class":94},[84,157292,4685],{"class":102},[84,157294,1440],{"class":98},[84,157296,157297,157299,157301,157303,157306,157308],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157298,1445],{"class":133},[84,157300,137],{"class":98},[84,157302,3711],{"class":185},[84,157304,157305],{"class":189},"The tuple is empty",[84,157307,3711],{"class":185},[84,157309,150],{"class":98},[20,157311,157312],{},[53,157313,172],{},[75,157315,157317],{"className":77,"code":157316,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157318,157319],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157320,157321,157323,157325,157327],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157322,2847],{"class":90},[84,157324,49768],{"class":140},[84,157326,8935],{"class":94},[84,157328,8941],{"class":90},[995,157330,157332],{"id":157331},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[75,157334,157336],{"className":77,"code":157335,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157337,157338,157354,157358,157376],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157339,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157341,52201],{"class":90},[84,157343,95],{"class":94},[84,157345,10076],{"class":98},[84,157347,217],{"class":102},[84,157349,106],{"class":98},[84,157351,6836],{"class":102},[84,157353,150],{"class":98},[84,157355,157356],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157357,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,157359,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157361,7836],{"class":633},[84,157363,39210],{"class":133},[84,157365,137],{"class":98},[84,157367,52226],{"class":146},[84,157369,1970],{"class":98},[84,157371,7249],{"class":94},[84,157373,109],{"class":102},[84,157375,1440],{"class":98},[84,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157387,157389],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157379,1445],{"class":133},[84,157381,137],{"class":98},[84,157383,3711],{"class":185},[84,157385,157386],{"class":189},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[84,157388,3711],{"class":185},[84,157390,150],{"class":98},[20,157392,157393],{},[53,157394,172],{},[75,157396,157398],{"className":77,"code":157397,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157399,157400],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157401,157402,157405,157407],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157403,157404],{"class":90},"This looks like an x",[84,157406,106],{"class":98},[84,157408,157409],{"class":90}," y coordinate\n",[995,157411,157413],{"id":157412},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[75,157415,157417],{"className":77,"code":157416,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157418,157419,157448,157452,157470],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157420,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157444,157446],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157422,12331],{"class":90},[84,157424,95],{"class":94},[84,157426,10076],{"class":98},[84,157428,3711],{"class":185},[84,157430,13723],{"class":189},[84,157432,3711],{"class":185},[84,157434,106],{"class":98},[84,157436,10146],{"class":102},[84,157438,106],{"class":98},[84,157440,4211],{"class":185},[84,157442,157443],{"class":189},"Canada",[84,157445,3711],{"class":185},[84,157447,150],{"class":98},[84,157449,157450],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157451,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,157453,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157455,7836],{"class":633},[84,157457,39210],{"class":133},[84,157459,137],{"class":98},[84,157461,12425],{"class":146},[84,157463,1970],{"class":98},[84,157465,7249],{"class":94},[84,157467,114],{"class":102},[84,157469,1440],{"class":98},[84,157471,157472,157474,157476,157478,157481,157483],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157473,1445],{"class":133},[84,157475,137],{"class":98},[84,157477,3711],{"class":185},[84,157479,157480],{"class":189},"User record has the expected number of values",[84,157482,3711],{"class":185},[84,157484,150],{"class":98},[20,157486,157487],{},[53,157488,172],{},[75,157490,157492],{"className":77,"code":157491,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157493,157494],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157495,157496],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157497,157491],{"class":90},[995,157499,157501],{"id":157500},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[75,157503,157505],{"className":77,"code":157504,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157506,157507,157539,157543,157563],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157508,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157510,36928],{"class":90},[84,157512,95],{"class":94},[84,157514,10076],{"class":98},[84,157516,3711],{"class":185},[84,157518,303],{"class":189},[84,157520,3711],{"class":185},[84,157522,106],{"class":98},[84,157524,4211],{"class":185},[84,157526,5608],{"class":189},[84,157528,3711],{"class":185},[84,157530,106],{"class":98},[84,157532,4211],{"class":185},[84,157534,10580],{"class":189},[84,157536,3711],{"class":185},[84,157538,150],{"class":98},[84,157540,157541],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157542,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,157544,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157546,1428],{"class":633},[84,157548,70362],{"class":90},[84,157550,1434],{"class":633},[84,157552,54886],{"class":133},[84,157554,137],{"class":98},[84,157556,12005],{"class":133},[84,157558,137],{"class":98},[84,157560,36981],{"class":146},[84,157562,70377],{"class":98},[84,157564,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157566,1445],{"class":133},[84,157568,137],{"class":98},[84,157570,36992],{"class":146},[84,157572,106],{"class":98},[84,157574,70910],{"class":146},[84,157576,182],{"class":98},[84,157578,36992],{"class":146},[84,157580,4737],{"class":98},[20,157582,157583],{},[53,157584,172],{},[75,157586,157587],{"className":77,"code":37004,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,157588,157589,157595,157601],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157590,157591,157593],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157592,2983],{"class":102},[84,157594,37013],{"class":90},[84,157596,157597,157599],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157598,103],{"class":102},[84,157600,850],{"class":90},[84,157602,157603,157605],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157604,199],{"class":102},[84,157606,37026],{"class":90},[20,157608,157609,157610,157612,157613,307],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[303,157611,150260],{"href":150259},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[303,157614,151504],{"href":151503},[70,157616,3686],{"id":3685},[20,157618,157619],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,157621,157622,157630,157637,157642],{},[33,157623,157624,157625,11935,157628],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157626,157627],{},"(5)",[15,157629,150094],{},[33,157631,595,157632,157634,157635],{},[15,157633,12005],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157636,43178],{},[33,157638,9291,157639,157641],{},[15,157640,43178],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,157643,157644],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157646,32924],{},[75,157648,157650],{"className":77,"code":157649,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157651,157652,157662,157676,157690],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157653,157654,157656,157658,157660],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157655,156],{"class":133},[84,157657,137],{"class":98},[84,157659,148605],{"class":146},[84,157661,150],{"class":98},[84,157663,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157665,156],{"class":133},[84,157667,137],{"class":98},[84,157669,2624],{"class":140},[84,157671,137],{"class":98},[84,157673,148605],{"class":146},[84,157675,169],{"class":98},[84,157677,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157679,156],{"class":133},[84,157681,137],{"class":98},[84,157683,12005],{"class":133},[84,157685,137],{"class":98},[84,157687,148605],{"class":146},[84,157689,169],{"class":98},[84,157691,157692,157694,157696,157698],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157693,32994],{"class":133},[84,157695,137],{"class":98},[84,157697,12005],{"class":133},[84,157699,150],{"class":98},[20,157701,155814],{},[30,157703,157704,157707,157710,157714],{},[33,157705,157706],{},"what value you are using",[33,157708,157709],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,157711,26859,157712,12548],{},[15,157713,43178],{},[33,157715,123978,157716,157718],{},[15,157717,43178],{}," is documented in Python",[70,157720,2694],{"id":2693},[995,157722,157724],{"id":157723},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157726,224,157727,157730],{},[15,157728,157729],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[995,157732,2698,157734,149764],{"id":157733},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157735,43178],{},[20,157737,47182,157738,157740],{},[15,157739,43178],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[995,157742,157744],{"id":157743},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157746,157747,157748,307],{},"The length is ",[15,157749,2983],{},[995,157751,157753],{"id":157752},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157755,151450,157756,157758],{},[15,157757,151453],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[995,157760,2698,157762,157764],{"id":157761},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157763,43178],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157766,157767],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[70,157769,2751],{"id":2750},[30,157771,157772,157778,157782,157786,157790],{},[33,157773,157774],{},[303,157775,13,157776,591],{"href":43175},[15,157777,43178],{},[33,157779,157780],{},[303,157781,156679],{"href":148590},[33,157783,157784],{},[303,157785,150260],{"href":150259},[33,157787,157788],{},[303,157789,151504],{"href":151503},[33,157791,157792],{},[303,157793,157794],{"href":149890},"What is a tuple in Python",[2785,157796,157797],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":157799},[157800,157801,157802,157809,157815,157824,157830,157831,157840],{"id":16005,"depth":125,"text":16006},{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":156167,"depth":125,"text":157803,"children":157804},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157805,157806,157807,157808],{"id":156179,"depth":153,"text":156180},{"id":156246,"depth":153,"text":156247},{"id":156291,"depth":153,"text":156292},{"id":156340,"depth":153,"text":156341},{"id":156429,"depth":125,"text":156430,"children":157810},[157811,157812,157813,157814],{"id":156433,"depth":153,"text":156434},{"id":156508,"depth":153,"text":156247},{"id":156550,"depth":153,"text":156551},{"id":156684,"depth":153,"text":156685},{"id":156768,"depth":125,"text":156769,"children":157816},[157817,157819,157821,157822],{"id":156772,"depth":153,"text":157818},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156910,"depth":153,"text":157820},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156986,"depth":153,"text":156987},{"id":157121,"depth":153,"text":157823},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157249,"depth":125,"text":157250,"children":157825},[157826,157827,157828,157829],{"id":157258,"depth":153,"text":157259},{"id":157331,"depth":153,"text":157332},{"id":157412,"depth":153,"text":157413},{"id":157500,"depth":153,"text":157501},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":157832},[157833,157834,157836,157837,157838],{"id":157723,"depth":153,"text":157724},{"id":157733,"depth":153,"text":157835},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157743,"depth":153,"text":157744},{"id":157752,"depth":153,"text":157753},{"id":157761,"depth":153,"text":157839},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155951,"description":157841},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157848,"title":157849,"body":157850,"description":160235,"extension":2830,"meta":160236,"navigation":472,"path":160237,"seo":160238,"stem":160239,"__hash__":160240},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157851,"toc":160196},[157852,157855,157858,157861,157884,157890,157892,158003,158007,158010,158020,158022,158121,158123,158200,158206,158210,158213,158236,158239,158256,158259,158261,158324,158326,158343,158354,158359,158361,158364,158370,158421,158423,158443,158447,158498,158500,158521,158525,158580,158582,158603,158607,158662,158664,158685,158689,158742,158744,158773,158775,158777,158780,158784,158841,158843,158864,158868,158921,158923,158948,158953,158957,158962,158980,158983,159046,159048,159069,159072,159133,159135,159156,159159,159202,159205,159209,159214,159218,159297,159299,159330,159334,159409,159411,159438,159442,159489,159491,159499,159504,159508,159511,159526,159528,159616,159618,159643,159646,159689,159698,159700,159703,159718,159721,159725,159779,159781,159801,159806,159810,159812,159850,159853,159903,159907,159980,159982,160019,160022,160024,160027,160047,160050,160119,160121,160134,160136,160140,160143,160147,160150,160155,160158,160164,160169,160171,160193],[10,157853,157849],{"id":157854},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157856,157857],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157859,157860],{},"Use this format:",[75,157862,157864],{"className":77,"code":157863,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157865,157866],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157867,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157869,49768],{"class":90},[84,157871,182],{"class":98},[84,157873,36910],{"class":90},[84,157875,3743],{"class":98},[84,157877,76240],{"class":90},[84,157879,3743],{"class":98},[84,157881,76243],{"class":90},[84,157883,122],{"class":98},[20,157885,2847,157886,76276,157888,307],{},[15,157887,76240],{},[53,157889,65886],{},[70,157891,73],{"id":72},[75,157893,157895],{"className":77,"code":157894,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157896,157897,157925,157929,157950,157967,157984],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,157898,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,157900,91],{"class":90},[84,157902,95],{"class":94},[84,157904,10076],{"class":98},[84,157906,437],{"class":102},[84,157908,106],{"class":98},[84,157910,442],{"class":102},[84,157912,106],{"class":98},[84,157914,447],{"class":102},[84,157916,106],{"class":98},[84,157918,51659],{"class":102},[84,157920,106],{"class":98},[84,157922,5928],{"class":102},[84,157924,150],{"class":98},[84,157926,157927],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,157928,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,157932,156],{"class":133},[84,157934,137],{"class":98},[84,157936,535],{"class":146},[84,157938,182],{"class":98},[84,157940,103],{"class":102},[84,157942,3743],{"class":98},[84,157944,217],{"class":102},[84,157946,21288],{"class":98},[84,157948,157949],{"class":4517},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[84,157951,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,157953,156],{"class":133},[84,157955,137],{"class":98},[84,157957,535],{"class":146},[84,157959,76349],{"class":98},[84,157961,208],{"class":102},[84,157963,21288],{"class":98},[84,157965,157966],{"class":4517},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[84,157968,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,157970,156],{"class":133},[84,157972,137],{"class":98},[84,157974,535],{"class":146},[84,157976,74936],{"class":98},[84,157978,199],{"class":102},[84,157980,21288],{"class":98},[84,157982,157983],{"class":4517},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[84,157985,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,157987,156],{"class":133},[84,157989,137],{"class":98},[84,157991,535],{"class":146},[84,157993,74936],{"class":98},[84,157995,2888],{"class":94},[84,157997,103],{"class":102},[84,157999,21288],{"class":98},[84,158001,158002],{"class":4517},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[70,158004,158006],{"id":158005},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,158008,158009],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,158011,158012,158014,158017],{},[33,158013,76543],{},[33,158015,158016],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,158018,158019],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,158021,814],{},[75,158023,158025],{"className":77,"code":158024,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,158026,158027,158075,158079,158097,158101,158111],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158028,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158030,36928],{"class":90},[84,158032,95],{"class":94},[84,158034,10076],{"class":98},[84,158036,3711],{"class":185},[84,158038,303],{"class":189},[84,158040,3711],{"class":185},[84,158042,106],{"class":98},[84,158044,4211],{"class":185},[84,158046,5608],{"class":189},[84,158048,3711],{"class":185},[84,158050,106],{"class":98},[84,158052,4211],{"class":185},[84,158054,10580],{"class":189},[84,158056,3711],{"class":185},[84,158058,106],{"class":98},[84,158060,4211],{"class":185},[84,158062,19609],{"class":189},[84,158064,3711],{"class":185},[84,158066,106],{"class":98},[84,158068,4211],{"class":185},[84,158070,61264],{"class":189},[84,158072,3711],{"class":185},[84,158074,150],{"class":98},[84,158076,158077],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158078,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158080,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158082,76473],{"class":90},[84,158084,95],{"class":94},[84,158086,70910],{"class":90},[84,158088,182],{"class":98},[84,158090,103],{"class":102},[84,158092,3743],{"class":98},[84,158094,217],{"class":102},[84,158096,122],{"class":98},[84,158098,158099],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,158100,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158102,158103,158105,158107,158109],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,158104,156],{"class":133},[84,158106,137],{"class":98},[84,158108,76496],{"class":146},[84,158110,150],{"class":98},[84,158112,158113,158115,158117,158119],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,158114,156],{"class":133},[84,158116,137],{"class":98},[84,158118,36981],{"class":146},[84,158120,150],{"class":98},[20,158122,172],{},[75,158124,158126],{"className":77,"code":158125,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,158127,158128,158156],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158129,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158131,137],{"class":98},[84,158133,186],{"class":185},[84,158135,5608],{"class":189},[84,158137,186],{"class":185},[84,158139,106],{"class":98},[84,158141,196],{"class":185},[84,158143,10580],{"class":189},[84,158145,186],{"class":185},[84,158147,106],{"class":98},[84,158149,196],{"class":185},[84,158151,19609],{"class":189},[84,158153,186],{"class":185},[84,158155,150],{"class":98},[84,158157,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158159,137],{"class":98},[84,158161,186],{"class":185},[84,158163,303],{"class":189},[84,158165,186],{"class":185},[84,158167,106],{"class":98},[84,158169,196],{"class":185},[84,158171,5608],{"class":189},[84,158173,186],{"class":185},[84,158175,106],{"class":98},[84,158177,196],{"class":185},[84,158179,10580],{"class":189},[84,158181,186],{"class":185},[84,158183,106],{"class":98},[84,158185,196],{"class":185},[84,158187,19609],{"class":189},[84,158189,186],{"class":185},[84,158191,106],{"class":98},[84,158193,196],{"class":185},[84,158195,61264],{"class":189},[84,158197,186],{"class":185},[84,158199,150],{"class":98},[20,158201,158202,158203,307],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[303,158204,148587],{"href":158205},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[70,158207,158209],{"id":158208},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158211,158212],{},"The full syntax is:",[75,158214,158216],{"className":77,"code":158215,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158217,158218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158219,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158221,148605],{"class":90},[84,158223,182],{"class":98},[84,158225,36910],{"class":90},[84,158227,3743],{"class":98},[84,158229,76240],{"class":90},[84,158231,3743],{"class":98},[84,158233,76243],{"class":90},[84,158235,122],{"class":98},[20,158237,158238],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,158240,158241,158246,158251],{},[33,158242,158243,158245],{},[15,158244,36910],{},": where slicing begins",[33,158247,158248,158250],{},[15,158249,76240],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,158252,158253,158255],{},[15,158254,76243],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158257,158258],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158260,814],{},[75,158262,158264],{"className":77,"code":158263,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158265,158266,158298,158302],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158267,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158269,91],{"class":90},[84,158271,95],{"class":94},[84,158273,10076],{"class":98},[84,158275,437],{"class":102},[84,158277,106],{"class":98},[84,158279,442],{"class":102},[84,158281,106],{"class":98},[84,158283,447],{"class":102},[84,158285,106],{"class":98},[84,158287,51659],{"class":102},[84,158289,106],{"class":98},[84,158291,5928],{"class":102},[84,158293,106],{"class":98},[84,158295,76913],{"class":102},[84,158297,150],{"class":98},[84,158299,158300],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158301,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158305,156],{"class":133},[84,158307,137],{"class":98},[84,158309,535],{"class":146},[84,158311,182],{"class":98},[84,158313,103],{"class":102},[84,158315,3743],{"class":98},[84,158317,3000],{"class":102},[84,158319,3743],{"class":98},[84,158321,199],{"class":102},[84,158323,4737],{"class":98},[20,158325,172],{},[75,158327,158329],{"className":77,"code":158328,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158330,158331],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158332,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158334,137],{"class":98},[84,158336,512],{"class":102},[84,158338,106],{"class":98},[84,158340,51659],{"class":102},[84,158342,150],{"class":98},[20,158344,158345,158346,158348,158349,158351,158352,307],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158347,103],{},", stops before index ",[15,158350,3000],{},", and moves by ",[15,158353,199],{},[20,158355,158356,158357,307],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[303,158358,150260],{"href":153686},[70,158360,76830],{"id":76829},[20,158362,158363],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[995,158365,158367,158368,6808],{"id":158366},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158369,1967],{},[75,158371,158373],{"className":77,"code":158372,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158374,158375,158403,158407],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158376,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158378,91],{"class":90},[84,158380,95],{"class":94},[84,158382,10076],{"class":98},[84,158384,437],{"class":102},[84,158386,106],{"class":98},[84,158388,442],{"class":102},[84,158390,106],{"class":98},[84,158392,447],{"class":102},[84,158394,106],{"class":98},[84,158396,51659],{"class":102},[84,158398,106],{"class":98},[84,158400,5928],{"class":102},[84,158402,150],{"class":98},[84,158404,158405],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158406,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158408,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158410,156],{"class":133},[84,158412,137],{"class":98},[84,158414,535],{"class":146},[84,158416,76349],{"class":98},[84,158418,208],{"class":102},[84,158420,4737],{"class":98},[20,158422,172],{},[75,158424,158425],{"className":77,"code":151952,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,158426,158427],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158430,137],{"class":98},[84,158432,437],{"class":102},[84,158434,106],{"class":98},[84,158436,442],{"class":102},[84,158438,106],{"class":98},[84,158440,447],{"class":102},[84,158442,150],{"class":98},[995,158444,158446],{"id":158445},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[75,158448,158450],{"className":77,"code":158449,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158451,158452,158480,158484],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158453,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158455,91],{"class":90},[84,158457,95],{"class":94},[84,158459,10076],{"class":98},[84,158461,437],{"class":102},[84,158463,106],{"class":98},[84,158465,442],{"class":102},[84,158467,106],{"class":98},[84,158469,447],{"class":102},[84,158471,106],{"class":98},[84,158473,51659],{"class":102},[84,158475,106],{"class":98},[84,158477,5928],{"class":102},[84,158479,150],{"class":98},[84,158481,158482],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158483,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158485,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158487,156],{"class":133},[84,158489,137],{"class":98},[84,158491,535],{"class":146},[84,158493,182],{"class":98},[84,158495,199],{"class":102},[84,158497,78529],{"class":98},[20,158499,172],{},[75,158501,158503],{"className":77,"code":158502,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158504,158505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158506,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158508,137],{"class":98},[84,158510,521],{"class":102},[84,158512,106],{"class":98},[84,158514,51659],{"class":102},[84,158516,106],{"class":98},[84,158518,5928],{"class":102},[84,158520,150],{"class":98},[995,158522,158524],{"id":158523},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[75,158526,158528],{"className":77,"code":158527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158529,158530,158558,158562],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158531,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158533,91],{"class":90},[84,158535,95],{"class":94},[84,158537,10076],{"class":98},[84,158539,437],{"class":102},[84,158541,106],{"class":98},[84,158543,442],{"class":102},[84,158545,106],{"class":98},[84,158547,447],{"class":102},[84,158549,106],{"class":98},[84,158551,51659],{"class":102},[84,158553,106],{"class":98},[84,158555,5928],{"class":102},[84,158557,150],{"class":98},[84,158559,158560],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158561,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158563,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158565,156],{"class":133},[84,158567,137],{"class":98},[84,158569,535],{"class":146},[84,158571,182],{"class":98},[84,158573,103],{"class":102},[84,158575,3743],{"class":98},[84,158577,217],{"class":102},[84,158579,4737],{"class":98},[20,158581,172],{},[75,158583,158585],{"className":77,"code":158584,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158586,158587],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158588,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158590,137],{"class":98},[84,158592,512],{"class":102},[84,158594,106],{"class":98},[84,158596,447],{"class":102},[84,158598,106],{"class":98},[84,158600,51659],{"class":102},[84,158602,150],{"class":98},[995,158604,158606],{"id":158605},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[75,158608,158610],{"className":77,"code":158609,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158611,158612,158644,158648],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158615,91],{"class":90},[84,158617,95],{"class":94},[84,158619,10076],{"class":98},[84,158621,437],{"class":102},[84,158623,106],{"class":98},[84,158625,442],{"class":102},[84,158627,106],{"class":98},[84,158629,447],{"class":102},[84,158631,106],{"class":98},[84,158633,51659],{"class":102},[84,158635,106],{"class":98},[84,158637,5928],{"class":102},[84,158639,106],{"class":98},[84,158641,76913],{"class":102},[84,158643,150],{"class":98},[84,158645,158646],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158647,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158649,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158651,156],{"class":133},[84,158653,137],{"class":98},[84,158655,535],{"class":146},[84,158657,74936],{"class":98},[84,158659,199],{"class":102},[84,158661,4737],{"class":98},[20,158663,172],{},[75,158665,158667],{"className":77,"code":158666,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158668,158669],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158670,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158672,137],{"class":98},[84,158674,437],{"class":102},[84,158676,106],{"class":98},[84,158678,447],{"class":102},[84,158680,106],{"class":98},[84,158682,5928],{"class":102},[84,158684,150],{"class":98},[995,158686,158688],{"id":158687},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[75,158690,158692],{"className":77,"code":158691,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158693,158694,158722,158726],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158695,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158697,91],{"class":90},[84,158699,95],{"class":94},[84,158701,10076],{"class":98},[84,158703,437],{"class":102},[84,158705,106],{"class":98},[84,158707,442],{"class":102},[84,158709,106],{"class":98},[84,158711,447],{"class":102},[84,158713,106],{"class":98},[84,158715,51659],{"class":102},[84,158717,106],{"class":98},[84,158719,5928],{"class":102},[84,158721,150],{"class":98},[84,158723,158724],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158725,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158727,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158729,156],{"class":133},[84,158731,137],{"class":98},[84,158733,535],{"class":146},[84,158735,74936],{"class":98},[84,158737,2888],{"class":94},[84,158739,103],{"class":102},[84,158741,4737],{"class":98},[20,158743,172],{},[75,158745,158747],{"className":77,"code":158746,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158748,158749],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158750,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158752,137],{"class":98},[84,158754,77607],{"class":102},[84,158756,106],{"class":98},[84,158758,51659],{"class":102},[84,158760,106],{"class":98},[84,158762,447],{"class":102},[84,158764,106],{"class":98},[84,158766,442],{"class":102},[84,158768,106],{"class":98},[84,158770,6847],{"class":102},[84,158772,150],{"class":98},[70,158774,77123],{"id":77122},[20,158776,154959],{},[20,158778,158779],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[995,158781,158783],{"id":158782},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[75,158785,158787],{"className":77,"code":158786,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158788,158789,158821,158825],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158790,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158792,91],{"class":90},[84,158794,95],{"class":94},[84,158796,10076],{"class":98},[84,158798,437],{"class":102},[84,158800,106],{"class":98},[84,158802,442],{"class":102},[84,158804,106],{"class":98},[84,158806,447],{"class":102},[84,158808,106],{"class":98},[84,158810,51659],{"class":102},[84,158812,106],{"class":98},[84,158814,5928],{"class":102},[84,158816,106],{"class":98},[84,158818,76913],{"class":102},[84,158820,150],{"class":98},[84,158822,158823],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158824,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158826,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158828,156],{"class":133},[84,158830,137],{"class":98},[84,158832,535],{"class":146},[84,158834,182],{"class":98},[84,158836,2888],{"class":94},[84,158838,208],{"class":102},[84,158840,78529],{"class":98},[20,158842,172],{},[75,158844,158846],{"className":77,"code":158845,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158847,158848],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158849,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158851,137],{"class":98},[84,158853,57508],{"class":102},[84,158855,106],{"class":98},[84,158857,5928],{"class":102},[84,158859,106],{"class":98},[84,158861,76913],{"class":102},[84,158863,150],{"class":98},[995,158865,158867],{"id":158866},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[75,158869,158871],{"className":77,"code":158870,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158872,158873,158901,158905],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158874,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897,158899],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158876,91],{"class":90},[84,158878,95],{"class":94},[84,158880,10076],{"class":98},[84,158882,437],{"class":102},[84,158884,106],{"class":98},[84,158886,442],{"class":102},[84,158888,106],{"class":98},[84,158890,447],{"class":102},[84,158892,106],{"class":98},[84,158894,51659],{"class":102},[84,158896,106],{"class":98},[84,158898,5928],{"class":102},[84,158900,150],{"class":98},[84,158902,158903],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,158904,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,158906,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,158908,156],{"class":133},[84,158910,137],{"class":98},[84,158912,535],{"class":146},[84,158914,76349],{"class":98},[84,158916,2888],{"class":94},[84,158918,103],{"class":102},[84,158920,4737],{"class":98},[20,158922,172],{},[75,158924,158926],{"className":77,"code":158925,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158927,158928],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158929,158930,158932,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158931,137],{"class":98},[84,158933,437],{"class":102},[84,158935,106],{"class":98},[84,158937,442],{"class":102},[84,158939,106],{"class":98},[84,158941,447],{"class":102},[84,158943,106],{"class":98},[84,158945,51659],{"class":102},[84,158947,150],{"class":98},[20,158949,158950,158951,307],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[303,158952,151509],{"href":157843},[70,158954,158956],{"id":158955},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158958,2847,158959,158961],{},[15,158960,76243],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158963,158964,158966,158968,158974],{},[33,158965,77379],{},[33,158967,77382],{},[33,158969,158970,158973],{},[15,158971,158972],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158975,158976,158977,158979],{},"A step of ",[15,158978,2983],{}," is not allowed",[20,158981,158982],{},"Example with a positive step:",[75,158984,158986],{"className":77,"code":158985,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158987,158988,159020,159024],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,158989,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,158991,91],{"class":90},[84,158993,95],{"class":94},[84,158995,10076],{"class":98},[84,158997,437],{"class":102},[84,158999,106],{"class":98},[84,159001,442],{"class":102},[84,159003,106],{"class":98},[84,159005,447],{"class":102},[84,159007,106],{"class":98},[84,159009,51659],{"class":102},[84,159011,106],{"class":98},[84,159013,5928],{"class":102},[84,159015,106],{"class":98},[84,159017,76913],{"class":102},[84,159019,150],{"class":98},[84,159021,159022],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159023,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159025,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159027,156],{"class":133},[84,159029,137],{"class":98},[84,159031,535],{"class":146},[84,159033,182],{"class":98},[84,159035,103],{"class":102},[84,159037,3743],{"class":98},[84,159039,789],{"class":102},[84,159041,3743],{"class":98},[84,159043,199],{"class":102},[84,159045,4737],{"class":98},[20,159047,172],{},[75,159049,159051],{"className":77,"code":159050,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,159052,159053],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159056,137],{"class":98},[84,159058,512],{"class":102},[84,159060,106],{"class":98},[84,159062,51659],{"class":102},[84,159064,106],{"class":98},[84,159066,76913],{"class":102},[84,159068,150],{"class":98},[20,159070,159071],{},"Example with a negative step:",[75,159073,159075],{"className":77,"code":159074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,159076,159077,159105,159109],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159078,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159080,91],{"class":90},[84,159082,95],{"class":94},[84,159084,10076],{"class":98},[84,159086,437],{"class":102},[84,159088,106],{"class":98},[84,159090,442],{"class":102},[84,159092,106],{"class":98},[84,159094,447],{"class":102},[84,159096,106],{"class":98},[84,159098,51659],{"class":102},[84,159100,106],{"class":98},[84,159102,5928],{"class":102},[84,159104,150],{"class":98},[84,159106,159107],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159108,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159110,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159112,156],{"class":133},[84,159114,137],{"class":98},[84,159116,535],{"class":146},[84,159118,182],{"class":98},[84,159120,217],{"class":102},[84,159122,3743],{"class":98},[84,159124,103],{"class":102},[84,159126,3743],{"class":98},[84,159128,2888],{"class":94},[84,159130,103],{"class":102},[84,159132,4737],{"class":98},[20,159134,172],{},[75,159136,159138],{"className":77,"code":159137,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,159139,159140],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159141,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159143,137],{"class":98},[84,159145,77607],{"class":102},[84,159147,106],{"class":98},[84,159149,51659],{"class":102},[84,159151,106],{"class":98},[84,159153,447],{"class":102},[84,159155,150],{"class":98},[20,159157,159158],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[75,159160,159162],{"className":77,"code":159161,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159163,159164,159184,159188],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159165,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159167,91],{"class":90},[84,159169,95],{"class":94},[84,159171,10076],{"class":98},[84,159173,437],{"class":102},[84,159175,106],{"class":98},[84,159177,442],{"class":102},[84,159179,106],{"class":98},[84,159181,447],{"class":102},[84,159183,150],{"class":98},[84,159185,159186],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159187,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159189,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198,159200],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159191,156],{"class":133},[84,159193,137],{"class":98},[84,159195,535],{"class":146},[84,159197,74936],{"class":98},[84,159199,2983],{"class":102},[84,159201,4737],{"class":98},[20,159203,159204],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[70,159206,159208],{"id":159207},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159210,159211,159212,298],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[53,159213,49768],{},[995,159215,159217],{"id":159216},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[75,159219,159221],{"className":77,"code":159220,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159222,159223,159247,159251,159269,159273,159283],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159224,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159226,91],{"class":90},[84,159228,95],{"class":94},[84,159230,10076],{"class":98},[84,159232,437],{"class":102},[84,159234,106],{"class":98},[84,159236,442],{"class":102},[84,159238,106],{"class":98},[84,159240,447],{"class":102},[84,159242,106],{"class":98},[84,159244,51659],{"class":102},[84,159246,150],{"class":98},[84,159248,159249],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159250,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159252,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159254,128],{"class":90},[84,159256,95],{"class":94},[84,159258,147],{"class":90},[84,159260,182],{"class":98},[84,159262,103],{"class":102},[84,159264,3743],{"class":98},[84,159266,208],{"class":102},[84,159268,122],{"class":98},[84,159270,159271],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,159272,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159274,159275,159277,159279,159281],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,159276,156],{"class":133},[84,159278,137],{"class":98},[84,159280,166],{"class":146},[84,159282,150],{"class":98},[84,159284,159285,159287,159289,159291,159293,159295],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,159286,156],{"class":133},[84,159288,137],{"class":98},[84,159290,2624],{"class":140},[84,159292,137],{"class":98},[84,159294,166],{"class":146},[84,159296,169],{"class":98},[20,159298,172],{},[75,159300,159302],{"className":77,"code":159301,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159303,159304,159316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159305,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159307,137],{"class":98},[84,159309,512],{"class":102},[84,159311,106],{"class":98},[84,159313,447],{"class":102},[84,159315,150],{"class":98},[84,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159319,1251],{"class":94},[84,159321,4152],{"class":614},[84,159323,196],{"class":185},[84,159325,49768],{"class":189},[84,159327,186],{"class":185},[84,159329,1270],{"class":94},[995,159331,159333],{"id":159332},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[75,159335,159337],{"className":77,"code":159336,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159338,159339,159359,159363,159381,159385,159395],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159340,159341,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159342,91],{"class":90},[84,159344,95],{"class":94},[84,159346,10076],{"class":98},[84,159348,437],{"class":102},[84,159350,106],{"class":98},[84,159352,442],{"class":102},[84,159354,106],{"class":98},[84,159356,447],{"class":102},[84,159358,150],{"class":98},[84,159360,159361],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159362,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159364,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159366,128],{"class":90},[84,159368,95],{"class":94},[84,159370,147],{"class":90},[84,159372,182],{"class":98},[84,159374,103],{"class":102},[84,159376,3743],{"class":98},[84,159378,199],{"class":102},[84,159380,122],{"class":98},[84,159382,159383],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,159384,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159386,159387,159389,159391,159393],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,159388,156],{"class":133},[84,159390,137],{"class":98},[84,159392,166],{"class":146},[84,159394,150],{"class":98},[84,159396,159397,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,159398,156],{"class":133},[84,159400,137],{"class":98},[84,159402,2624],{"class":140},[84,159404,137],{"class":98},[84,159406,166],{"class":146},[84,159408,169],{"class":98},[20,159410,172],{},[75,159412,159414],{"className":77,"code":159413,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159415,159416,159424],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159417,159418,159420,159422],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159419,137],{"class":98},[84,159421,512],{"class":102},[84,159423,149943],{"class":98},[84,159425,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159427,1251],{"class":94},[84,159429,4152],{"class":614},[84,159431,196],{"class":185},[84,159433,49768],{"class":189},[84,159435,186],{"class":185},[84,159437,1270],{"class":94},[995,159439,159441],{"id":159440},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[75,159443,159445],{"className":77,"code":159444,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159446,159447,159467,159471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159448,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459,159461,159463,159465],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159450,91],{"class":90},[84,159452,95],{"class":94},[84,159454,10076],{"class":98},[84,159456,437],{"class":102},[84,159458,106],{"class":98},[84,159460,442],{"class":102},[84,159462,106],{"class":98},[84,159464,447],{"class":102},[84,159466,150],{"class":98},[84,159468,159469],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159470,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159474,156],{"class":133},[84,159476,137],{"class":98},[84,159478,535],{"class":146},[84,159480,182],{"class":98},[84,159482,3000],{"class":102},[84,159484,3743],{"class":98},[84,159486,797],{"class":102},[84,159488,4737],{"class":98},[20,159490,172],{},[75,159492,159493],{"className":77,"code":9482,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159494,159495],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159496,159497],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159498,9482],{"class":98},[20,159500,159501,159502,307],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[303,159503,156679],{"href":151566},[70,159505,159507],{"id":159506},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159509,159510],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,159512,159513,159515,159518,159523],{},[33,159514,77688],{},[33,159516,159517],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,159519,159520,159521],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159522,71545],{},[33,159524,159525],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159527,814],{},[75,159529,159531],{"className":77,"code":159530,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159532,159533,159553,159557,159574,159595],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159534,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159536,91],{"class":90},[84,159538,95],{"class":94},[84,159540,10076],{"class":98},[84,159542,437],{"class":102},[84,159544,106],{"class":98},[84,159546,442],{"class":102},[84,159548,106],{"class":98},[84,159550,447],{"class":102},[84,159552,150],{"class":98},[84,159554,159555],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159556,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159558,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159560,156],{"class":133},[84,159562,137],{"class":98},[84,159564,535],{"class":146},[84,159566,182],{"class":98},[84,159568,103],{"class":102},[84,159570,21288],{"class":98},[84,159572,159573],{"class":4517},"    # one item\n",[84,159575,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,159577,156],{"class":133},[84,159579,137],{"class":98},[84,159581,535],{"class":146},[84,159583,182],{"class":98},[84,159585,103],{"class":102},[84,159587,3743],{"class":98},[84,159589,3000],{"class":102},[84,159591,21288],{"class":98},[84,159593,159594],{"class":4517},"  # slice\n",[84,159596,159597,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,159598,156],{"class":133},[84,159600,137],{"class":98},[84,159602,535],{"class":146},[84,159604,182],{"class":98},[84,159606,3000],{"class":102},[84,159608,3743],{"class":98},[84,159610,797],{"class":102},[84,159612,21288],{"class":98},[84,159614,159615],{"class":4517},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159617,172],{},[75,159619,159621],{"className":77,"code":159620,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159622,159623,159627,159639],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159624,159625],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159626,72038],{"class":102},[84,159628,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159630,137],{"class":98},[84,159632,512],{"class":102},[84,159634,106],{"class":98},[84,159636,447],{"class":102},[84,159638,150],{"class":98},[84,159640,159641],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159642,9482],{"class":98},[20,159644,159645],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[75,159647,159649],{"className":77,"code":159648,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159650,159651,159671,159675],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159652,159653,159655,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159654,91],{"class":90},[84,159656,95],{"class":94},[84,159658,10076],{"class":98},[84,159660,437],{"class":102},[84,159662,106],{"class":98},[84,159664,442],{"class":102},[84,159666,106],{"class":98},[84,159668,447],{"class":102},[84,159670,150],{"class":98},[84,159672,159673],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159674,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159678,156],{"class":133},[84,159680,137],{"class":98},[84,159682,535],{"class":146},[84,159684,182],{"class":98},[84,159686,3000],{"class":102},[84,159688,4737],{"class":98},[20,159690,159691,159692,159694,159695,307],{},"This raises an ",[15,159693,71545],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[303,159696,155432],{"href":159697},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[70,159699,16020],{"id":77955},[20,159701,159702],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,159704,159705,159708,159710,159713],{},[33,159706,159707],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,159709,61509],{},[33,159711,159712],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,159714,159715,159716],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159717,2983],{},[20,159719,159720],{},"Here are a few examples.",[995,159722,159724],{"id":159723},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[75,159726,159727],{"className":77,"code":158527,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159728,159729,159757,159761],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159730,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159732,91],{"class":90},[84,159734,95],{"class":94},[84,159736,10076],{"class":98},[84,159738,437],{"class":102},[84,159740,106],{"class":98},[84,159742,442],{"class":102},[84,159744,106],{"class":98},[84,159746,447],{"class":102},[84,159748,106],{"class":98},[84,159750,51659],{"class":102},[84,159752,106],{"class":98},[84,159754,5928],{"class":102},[84,159756,150],{"class":98},[84,159758,159759],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159760,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159762,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159764,156],{"class":133},[84,159766,137],{"class":98},[84,159768,535],{"class":146},[84,159770,182],{"class":98},[84,159772,103],{"class":102},[84,159774,3743],{"class":98},[84,159776,217],{"class":102},[84,159778,4737],{"class":98},[20,159780,172],{},[75,159782,159783],{"className":77,"code":158584,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159784,159785],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159788,137],{"class":98},[84,159790,512],{"class":102},[84,159792,106],{"class":98},[84,159794,447],{"class":102},[84,159796,106],{"class":98},[84,159798,51659],{"class":102},[84,159800,150],{"class":98},[20,159802,133011,159803,159805],{},[15,159804,217],{}," is not included.",[995,159807,159809],{"id":159808},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159811,5372],{},[75,159813,159815],{"className":77,"code":159814,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159816,159817,159841,159845],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159818,159819,159821,159823,159825,159827,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159820,91],{"class":90},[84,159822,95],{"class":94},[84,159824,10076],{"class":98},[84,159826,437],{"class":102},[84,159828,106],{"class":98},[84,159830,442],{"class":102},[84,159832,106],{"class":98},[84,159834,447],{"class":102},[84,159836,106],{"class":98},[84,159838,51659],{"class":102},[84,159840,150],{"class":98},[84,159842,159843],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159844,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159846,159847],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159848,159849],{"class":4517},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159851,159852],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[75,159854,159855],{"className":77,"code":155512,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,159856,159857,159881,159885],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159858,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159860,91],{"class":90},[84,159862,95],{"class":94},[84,159864,10076],{"class":98},[84,159866,437],{"class":102},[84,159868,106],{"class":98},[84,159870,442],{"class":102},[84,159872,106],{"class":98},[84,159874,447],{"class":102},[84,159876,106],{"class":98},[84,159878,51659],{"class":102},[84,159880,150],{"class":98},[84,159882,159883],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159884,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159886,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159888,156],{"class":133},[84,159890,137],{"class":98},[84,159892,535],{"class":146},[84,159894,182],{"class":98},[84,159896,103],{"class":102},[84,159898,3743],{"class":98},[84,159900,208],{"class":102},[84,159902,4737],{"class":98},[995,159904,159906],{"id":159905},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[75,159908,159910],{"className":77,"code":159909,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159911,159912,159936,159940,159955,159959,159970],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159915,91],{"class":90},[84,159917,95],{"class":94},[84,159919,10076],{"class":98},[84,159921,437],{"class":102},[84,159923,106],{"class":98},[84,159925,442],{"class":102},[84,159927,106],{"class":98},[84,159929,447],{"class":102},[84,159931,106],{"class":98},[84,159933,51659],{"class":102},[84,159935,150],{"class":98},[84,159937,159938],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,159939,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159941,159942,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,159943,159944],{"class":90},"slice_result ",[84,159946,95],{"class":94},[84,159948,147],{"class":90},[84,159950,76349],{"class":98},[84,159952,199],{"class":102},[84,159954,122],{"class":98},[84,159956,159957],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,159958,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,159960,159961,159963,159965,159968],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,159962,156],{"class":133},[84,159964,137],{"class":98},[84,159966,159967],{"class":146},"slice_result",[84,159969,150],{"class":98},[84,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,159973,156],{"class":133},[84,159975,137],{"class":98},[84,159977,535],{"class":146},[84,159979,150],{"class":98},[20,159981,172],{},[75,159983,159985],{"className":77,"code":159984,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159986,159987,159999],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,159990,137],{"class":98},[84,159992,437],{"class":102},[84,159994,106],{"class":98},[84,159996,442],{"class":102},[84,159998,150],{"class":98},[84,160000,160001,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160002,137],{"class":98},[84,160004,437],{"class":102},[84,160006,106],{"class":98},[84,160008,442],{"class":102},[84,160010,106],{"class":98},[84,160012,447],{"class":102},[84,160014,106],{"class":98},[84,160016,51659],{"class":102},[84,160018,150],{"class":98},[20,160020,160021],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[70,160023,114325],{"id":114324},[20,160025,160026],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,160028,160029,160032,160035,160041,160044],{},[33,160030,160031],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,160033,160034],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,160036,160037,160038],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,160039,160040],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,160042,160043],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,160045,160046],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,160048,160049],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[75,160051,160053],{"className":77,"code":160052,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,160054,160055,160065,160083,160105],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160056,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160058,156],{"class":133},[84,160060,137],{"class":98},[84,160062,148605],{"class":146},[84,160064,150],{"class":98},[84,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160068,156],{"class":133},[84,160070,137],{"class":98},[84,160072,148605],{"class":146},[84,160074,182],{"class":98},[84,160076,103],{"class":102},[84,160078,3743],{"class":98},[84,160080,217],{"class":102},[84,160082,4737],{"class":98},[84,160084,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160086,156],{"class":133},[84,160088,137],{"class":98},[84,160090,2624],{"class":140},[84,160092,137],{"class":98},[84,160094,148605],{"class":146},[84,160096,182],{"class":98},[84,160098,103],{"class":102},[84,160100,3743],{"class":98},[84,160102,217],{"class":102},[84,160104,3858],{"class":98},[84,160106,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160108,156],{"class":133},[84,160110,137],{"class":98},[84,160112,12005],{"class":133},[84,160114,137],{"class":98},[84,160116,148605],{"class":146},[84,160118,169],{"class":98},[20,160120,12014],{},[30,160122,160123,160125,160128,160131],{},[33,160124,155819],{},[33,160126,160127],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,160129,160130],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,160132,160133],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[70,160135,2694],{"id":2693},[995,160137,160139],{"id":160138},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,160141,160142],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[995,160144,160146],{"id":160145},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,160148,160149],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[995,160151,5987,160153,40780],{"id":160152},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160154,158972],{},[20,160156,160157],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[995,160159,160161,160162,3348],{"id":160160},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160163,71545],{},[20,160165,160166,160167,307],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160168,71545],{},[70,160170,2751],{"id":2750},[30,160172,160173,160177,160181,160185,160189],{},[33,160174,160175],{},[303,160176,156679],{"href":151566},[33,160178,160179],{},[303,160180,150260],{"href":153686},[33,160182,160183],{},[303,160184,151509],{"href":157843},[33,160186,160187],{},[303,160188,148587],{"href":158205},[33,160190,160191],{},[303,160192,155432],{"href":159697},[2785,160194,160195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":160197},[160198,160199,160200,160201,160209,160213,160214,160219,160220,160225,160226,160234],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":158005,"depth":125,"text":158006},{"id":158208,"depth":125,"text":158209},{"id":76829,"depth":125,"text":76830,"children":160202},[160203,160205,160206,160207,160208],{"id":158366,"depth":153,"text":160204},"Get the first n items",{"id":158445,"depth":153,"text":158446},{"id":158523,"depth":153,"text":158524},{"id":158605,"depth":153,"text":158606},{"id":158687,"depth":153,"text":158688},{"id":77122,"depth":125,"text":77123,"children":160210},[160211,160212],{"id":158782,"depth":153,"text":158783},{"id":158866,"depth":153,"text":158867},{"id":158955,"depth":125,"text":158956},{"id":159207,"depth":125,"text":159208,"children":160215},[160216,160217,160218],{"id":159216,"depth":153,"text":159217},{"id":159332,"depth":153,"text":159333},{"id":159440,"depth":153,"text":159441},{"id":159506,"depth":125,"text":159507},{"id":77955,"depth":125,"text":16020,"children":160221},[160222,160223,160224],{"id":159723,"depth":153,"text":159724},{"id":159808,"depth":153,"text":159809},{"id":159905,"depth":153,"text":159906},{"id":114324,"depth":125,"text":114325},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":160227},[160228,160229,160230,160232],{"id":160138,"depth":153,"text":160139},{"id":160145,"depth":153,"text":160146},{"id":160152,"depth":153,"text":160231},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160160,"depth":153,"text":160233},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157849,"description":160235},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160242,"title":160243,"body":160244,"description":162067,"extension":2830,"meta":162068,"navigation":472,"path":35647,"seo":162069,"stem":162070,"__hash__":162071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160245,"toc":162033},[160246,160251,160256,160260,160278,160281,160296,160302,160304,160361,160363,160395,160407,160413,160418,160421,160456,160462,160464,160467,160481,160484,160486,160509,160511,160529,160532,160548,160550,160553,160666,160668,160757,160760,160765,160771,160774,160777,160876,160878,160937,160942,160945,161014,161018,161050,161066,161071,161078,161085,161097,161099,161148,161150,161173,161179,161227,161232,161239,161247,161253,161256,161280,161283,161285,161361,161363,161388,161394,161397,161402,161406,161420,161422,161485,161487,161519,161522,161538,161540,161546,161553,161555,161574,161576,161594,161601,161606,161613,161615,161652,161655,161662,161666,161669,161727,161730,161733,161788,161790,161802,161808,161810,161814,161847,161854,161856,161919,161922,161924,161929,161943,161950,161958,161967,161976,161982,161988,161990,162030],[10,160247,13,160249,18],{"id":160248},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160250,3160],{},[20,160252,33159,160253,160255],{},[15,160254,3160],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160257,63584,160258,105169],{},[15,160259,3160],{},[30,160261,160262,160265,160268,160271],{},[33,160263,160264],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,160266,160267],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,160269,160270],{},"debug confusing code",[33,160272,160273,160274],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[303,160275,160276],{"href":9058},[15,160277,3817],{},[20,160279,160280],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[75,160282,160284],{"className":77,"code":160283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"type(object)\n",[15,160285,160286],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160289,2624],{"class":140},[84,160291,137],{"class":98},[84,160293,43216],{"class":140},[84,160295,150],{"class":98},[20,160297,160298,160299,160301],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160300,3160],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[70,160303,4464],{"id":4463},[75,160305,160307],{"className":77,"code":160306,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160308,160309,160321,160335,160339,160347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160310,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160312,8716],{"class":90},[84,160314,95],{"class":94},[84,160316,4211],{"class":185},[84,160318,5851],{"class":189},[84,160320,4217],{"class":185},[84,160322,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160324,156],{"class":133},[84,160326,137],{"class":98},[84,160328,2624],{"class":140},[84,160330,137],{"class":98},[84,160332,8508],{"class":146},[84,160334,169],{"class":98},[84,160336,160337],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160338,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,160340,160341,160343,160345],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160342,3076],{"class":90},[84,160344,95],{"class":94},[84,160346,3442],{"class":102},[84,160348,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,160350,156],{"class":133},[84,160352,137],{"class":98},[84,160354,2624],{"class":140},[84,160356,137],{"class":98},[84,160358,3098],{"class":146},[84,160360,169],{"class":98},[20,160362,172],{},[75,160364,160365],{"className":77,"code":125672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160366,160367,160381],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160368,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377,160379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160370,1251],{"class":94},[84,160372,4152],{"class":614},[84,160374,196],{"class":185},[84,160376,141],{"class":189},[84,160378,186],{"class":185},[84,160380,1270],{"class":94},[84,160382,160383,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160384,1251],{"class":94},[84,160386,4152],{"class":614},[84,160388,196],{"class":185},[84,160390,365],{"class":189},[84,160392,186],{"class":185},[84,160394,1270],{"class":94},[20,160396,224,160397,160400,160401,5241,160404,307],{},[15,160398,160399],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160402,160403],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160405,160406],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[70,160408,13839,160410,160412],{"id":160409},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160411,3160],{}," function does",[20,160414,160415,160417],{},[15,160416,3160],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160419,160420],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,160422,160423,160428,160433,160438,160443,160448],{},[33,160424,160425,160427],{},[15,160426,141],{}," for text",[33,160429,160430,160432],{},[15,160431,365],{}," for whole numbers",[33,160434,160435,160437],{},[15,160436,3052],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,160439,160440,160442],{},[15,160441,161],{}," for lists",[33,160444,160445,160447],{},[15,160446,9661],{}," for dictionaries",[33,160449,160450,69909,160452,5241,160454],{},[15,160451,4720],{},[15,160453,4459],{},[15,160455,4528],{},[20,160457,160458,160459,160461],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160460,3160],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[70,160463,311],{"id":310},[20,160465,160466],{},"The main beginner form is:",[75,160468,160469],{"className":77,"code":160283,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160470,160471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160474,2624],{"class":140},[84,160476,137],{"class":98},[84,160478,43216],{"class":140},[84,160480,150],{"class":98},[20,160482,160483],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160485,814],{},[75,160487,160489],{"className":77,"code":160488,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160490,160491],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160492,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503,160505,160507],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160494,156],{"class":133},[84,160496,137],{"class":98},[84,160498,2624],{"class":140},[84,160500,137],{"class":98},[84,160502,3711],{"class":185},[84,160504,4697],{"class":189},[84,160506,3711],{"class":185},[84,160508,169],{"class":98},[20,160510,172],{},[75,160512,160513],{"className":77,"code":46587,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,160514,160515],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160518,1251],{"class":94},[84,160520,4152],{"class":614},[84,160522,196],{"class":185},[84,160524,141],{"class":189},[84,160526,186],{"class":185},[84,160528,1270],{"class":94},[20,160530,160531],{},"You can pass either:",[30,160533,160534,160541],{},[33,160535,160536,160537,3736,160539],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160538,65352],{},[15,160540,47343],{},[33,160542,160543,160544,3736,160546],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160545,8508],{},[15,160547,10139],{},[70,160549,122484],{"id":122483},[20,160551,160552],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[75,160554,160556],{"className":77,"code":160555,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160557,160558,160576,160590,160604,160626,160652],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160559,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160561,156],{"class":133},[84,160563,137],{"class":98},[84,160565,2624],{"class":140},[84,160567,137],{"class":98},[84,160569,3711],{"class":185},[84,160571,4697],{"class":189},[84,160573,3711],{"class":185},[84,160575,169],{"class":98},[84,160577,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586,160588],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160579,156],{"class":133},[84,160581,137],{"class":98},[84,160583,2624],{"class":140},[84,160585,137],{"class":98},[84,160587,437],{"class":102},[84,160589,169],{"class":98},[84,160591,160592,160594,160596,160598,160600,160602],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160593,156],{"class":133},[84,160595,137],{"class":98},[84,160597,2624],{"class":140},[84,160599,137],{"class":98},[84,160601,40960],{"class":102},[84,160603,169],{"class":98},[84,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160607,156],{"class":133},[84,160609,137],{"class":98},[84,160611,2624],{"class":140},[84,160613,3845],{"class":98},[84,160615,103],{"class":102},[84,160617,106],{"class":98},[84,160619,109],{"class":102},[84,160621,106],{"class":98},[84,160623,114],{"class":102},[84,160625,3858],{"class":98},[84,160627,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,160629,156],{"class":133},[84,160631,137],{"class":98},[84,160633,2624],{"class":140},[84,160635,6373],{"class":98},[84,160637,3711],{"class":185},[84,160639,8508],{"class":189},[84,160641,3711],{"class":185},[84,160643,3743],{"class":98},[84,160645,4211],{"class":185},[84,160647,5851],{"class":189},[84,160649,3711],{"class":185},[84,160651,6382],{"class":98},[84,160653,160654,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,160655,156],{"class":133},[84,160657,137],{"class":98},[84,160659,2624],{"class":140},[84,160661,137],{"class":98},[84,160663,4459],{"class":4704},[84,160665,169],{"class":98},[20,160667,172],{},[75,160669,160671],{"className":77,"code":160670,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160672,160673,160687,160701,160715,160729,160743],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683,160685],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160676,1251],{"class":94},[84,160678,4152],{"class":614},[84,160680,196],{"class":185},[84,160682,141],{"class":189},[84,160684,186],{"class":185},[84,160686,1270],{"class":94},[84,160688,160689,160691,160693,160695,160697,160699],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160690,1251],{"class":94},[84,160692,4152],{"class":614},[84,160694,196],{"class":185},[84,160696,365],{"class":189},[84,160698,186],{"class":185},[84,160700,1270],{"class":94},[84,160702,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160704,1251],{"class":94},[84,160706,4152],{"class":614},[84,160708,196],{"class":185},[84,160710,3052],{"class":189},[84,160712,186],{"class":185},[84,160714,1270],{"class":94},[84,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160718,1251],{"class":94},[84,160720,4152],{"class":614},[84,160722,196],{"class":185},[84,160724,161],{"class":189},[84,160726,186],{"class":185},[84,160728,1270],{"class":94},[84,160730,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,160732,1251],{"class":94},[84,160734,4152],{"class":614},[84,160736,196],{"class":185},[84,160738,9661],{"class":189},[84,160740,186],{"class":185},[84,160742,1270],{"class":94},[84,160744,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,160746,1251],{"class":94},[84,160748,4152],{"class":614},[84,160750,196],{"class":185},[84,160752,4720],{"class":189},[84,160754,186],{"class":185},[84,160756,1270],{"class":94},[20,160758,160759],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160761,160762,160763,307],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[303,160764,45615],{"href":49793},[70,160766,595,160768,160770],{"id":160767},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160769,3160],{}," with variables",[20,160772,160773],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160775,160776],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[75,160778,160780],{"className":77,"code":160779,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160781,160782,160790,160808,160812,160824,160842,160846,160858],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160783,160784,160786,160788],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160785,3304],{"class":90},[84,160787,95],{"class":94},[84,160789,3442],{"class":102},[84,160791,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160793,156],{"class":133},[84,160795,137],{"class":98},[84,160797,3329],{"class":146},[84,160799,106],{"class":98},[84,160801,50205],{"class":140},[84,160803,137],{"class":98},[84,160805,3329],{"class":146},[84,160807,169],{"class":98},[84,160809,160810],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160811,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,160813,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160815,3304],{"class":90},[84,160817,95],{"class":94},[84,160819,4211],{"class":185},[84,160821,46724],{"class":189},[84,160823,4217],{"class":185},[84,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,160827,156],{"class":133},[84,160829,137],{"class":98},[84,160831,3329],{"class":146},[84,160833,106],{"class":98},[84,160835,50205],{"class":140},[84,160837,137],{"class":98},[84,160839,3329],{"class":146},[84,160841,169],{"class":98},[84,160843,160844],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,160845,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,160847,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,160849,3304],{"class":90},[84,160851,95],{"class":94},[84,160853,99],{"class":98},[84,160855,437],{"class":102},[84,160857,122],{"class":98},[84,160859,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874],{"class":86,"line":928},[84,160861,156],{"class":133},[84,160863,137],{"class":98},[84,160865,3329],{"class":146},[84,160867,106],{"class":98},[84,160869,50205],{"class":140},[84,160871,137],{"class":98},[84,160873,3329],{"class":146},[84,160875,169],{"class":98},[20,160877,172],{},[75,160879,160881],{"className":77,"code":160880,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160882,160883,160900,160917],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160884,160885,160887,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160886,437],{"class":102},[84,160888,160889],{"class":94}," \u003C",[84,160891,4152],{"class":614},[84,160893,196],{"class":185},[84,160895,365],{"class":189},[84,160897,186],{"class":185},[84,160899,1270],{"class":94},[84,160901,160902,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160903,160904],{"class":90},"ten ",[84,160906,1251],{"class":94},[84,160908,4152],{"class":614},[84,160910,196],{"class":185},[84,160912,141],{"class":189},[84,160914,186],{"class":185},[84,160916,1270],{"class":94},[84,160918,160919,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933,160935],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160920,182],{"class":98},[84,160922,437],{"class":102},[84,160924,14117],{"class":98},[84,160926,160889],{"class":94},[84,160928,4152],{"class":614},[84,160930,196],{"class":185},[84,160932,161],{"class":189},[84,160934,186],{"class":185},[84,160936,1270],{"class":94},[20,160938,160939,160941],{},[15,160940,3160],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160943,160944],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[75,160946,160948],{"className":77,"code":160947,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160949,160950,160968,160982,160986,161000],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,160951,160952,160954,160956,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,160953,4250],{"class":90},[84,160955,95],{"class":94},[84,160957,9081],{"class":133},[84,160959,137],{"class":98},[84,160961,3711],{"class":185},[84,160963,42689],{"class":189},[84,160965,3711],{"class":185},[84,160967,150],{"class":98},[84,160969,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,160971,156],{"class":133},[84,160973,137],{"class":98},[84,160975,2624],{"class":140},[84,160977,137],{"class":98},[84,160979,4276],{"class":146},[84,160981,169],{"class":98},[84,160983,160984],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,160985,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,160987,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,160989,123596],{"class":90},[84,160991,95],{"class":94},[84,160993,46094],{"class":140},[84,160995,137],{"class":98},[84,160997,4276],{"class":146},[84,160999,150],{"class":98},[84,161001,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,161003,156],{"class":133},[84,161005,137],{"class":98},[84,161007,2624],{"class":140},[84,161009,137],{"class":98},[84,161011,123619],{"class":146},[84,161013,169],{"class":98},[20,161015,41938,161016,41942],{},[15,161017,10033],{},[75,161019,161020],{"className":77,"code":125672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,161021,161022,161036],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161023,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161025,1251],{"class":94},[84,161027,4152],{"class":614},[84,161029,196],{"class":185},[84,161031,141],{"class":189},[84,161033,186],{"class":185},[84,161035,1270],{"class":94},[84,161037,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161039,1251],{"class":94},[84,161041,4152],{"class":614},[84,161043,196],{"class":185},[84,161045,365],{"class":189},[84,161047,186],{"class":185},[84,161049,1270],{"class":94},[20,161051,46520,161052,161056,161057,3736,161061,161065],{},[303,161053,161054],{"href":9058},[15,161055,3817],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[303,161058,161059],{"href":3732},[15,161060,3735],{},[303,161062,161063],{"href":3739},[15,161064,3742],{}," if you need a number.",[20,161067,161068,161069,307],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[303,161070,9820],{"href":9819},[70,161072,161074,11427,161076],{"id":161073},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,161075,3160],{},[15,161077,45623],{},[20,161079,161080,5241,161082,161084],{},[15,161081,3160],{},[15,161083,45623],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,161086,161087,161092],{},[33,161088,161089,161091],{},[15,161090,3160],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,161093,161094,161096],{},[15,161095,45623],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,161098,814],{},[75,161100,161102],{"className":77,"code":161101,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161103,161104,161112,161116,161130],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161105,161106,161108,161110],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161107,3304],{"class":90},[84,161109,95],{"class":94},[84,161111,35681],{"class":102},[84,161113,161114],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161115,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161117,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161119,156],{"class":133},[84,161121,137],{"class":98},[84,161123,2624],{"class":140},[84,161125,137],{"class":98},[84,161127,3329],{"class":146},[84,161129,169],{"class":98},[84,161131,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161133,156],{"class":133},[84,161135,137],{"class":98},[84,161137,49690],{"class":133},[84,161139,137],{"class":98},[84,161141,3329],{"class":146},[84,161143,106],{"class":98},[84,161145,46094],{"class":140},[84,161147,169],{"class":98},[20,161149,172],{},[75,161151,161153],{"className":77,"code":161152,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161154,161155,161169],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161156,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161158,1251],{"class":94},[84,161160,4152],{"class":614},[84,161162,196],{"class":185},[84,161164,365],{"class":189},[84,161166,186],{"class":185},[84,161168,1270],{"class":94},[84,161170,161171],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161172,4828],{"class":4704},[20,161174,161175,161176,161178],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161177,45623],{}," is more practical.",[75,161180,161182],{"className":77,"code":161181,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161183,161184,161192,161196,161212],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161185,161186,161188,161190],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161187,3304],{"class":90},[84,161189,95],{"class":94},[84,161191,35681],{"class":102},[84,161193,161194],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161195,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161197,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161199,7836],{"class":633},[84,161201,50428],{"class":133},[84,161203,137],{"class":98},[84,161205,3329],{"class":146},[84,161207,106],{"class":98},[84,161209,46094],{"class":140},[84,161211,628],{"class":98},[84,161213,161214,161216,161218,161220,161223,161225],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161215,1445],{"class":133},[84,161217,137],{"class":98},[84,161219,3711],{"class":185},[84,161221,161222],{"class":189},"This is an integer",[84,161224,3711],{"class":185},[84,161226,150],{"class":98},[20,161228,224,161229,161231],{},[15,161230,3160],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161233,224,161234,161236,161237,8011],{},[15,161235,45623],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161238,7836],{},[20,161240,161241,161242,307],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[303,161243,13,161245,591],{"href":161244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161246,45623],{},[70,161248,161250,161251],{"id":161249},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161252,3160],{},[20,161254,161255],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[75,161257,161259],{"className":77,"code":161258,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161260,161261],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161262,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161274,161276,161278],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161264,2624],{"class":140},[84,161266,137],{"class":98},[84,161268,8508],{"class":146},[84,161270,106],{"class":98},[84,161272,161273],{"class":146}," bases",[84,161275,106],{"class":98},[84,161277,10010],{"class":140},[84,161279,150],{"class":98},[20,161281,161282],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161284,814],{},[75,161286,161288],{"className":77,"code":161287,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161289,161290,161333,161337,161347],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161291,161292,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161306,161308,161310,161313,161315,161317,161320,161322,161324,161326,161329,161331],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161293,161294],{"class":90},"Person ",[84,161296,95],{"class":94},[84,161298,50205],{"class":140},[84,161300,137],{"class":98},[84,161302,3711],{"class":185},[84,161304,161305],{"class":189},"Person",[84,161307,3711],{"class":185},[84,161309,106],{"class":98},[84,161311,161312],{"class":98}," (),",[84,161314,11332],{"class":98},[84,161316,3711],{"class":185},[84,161318,161319],{"class":189},"species",[84,161321,3711],{"class":185},[84,161323,3743],{"class":98},[84,161325,4211],{"class":185},[84,161327,161328],{"class":189},"human",[84,161330,3711],{"class":185},[84,161332,31338],{"class":98},[84,161334,161335],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161336,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161338,161339,161341,161343,161345],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161340,156],{"class":133},[84,161342,137],{"class":98},[84,161344,161305],{"class":146},[84,161346,150],{"class":98},[84,161348,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161350,156],{"class":133},[84,161352,137],{"class":98},[84,161354,161305],{"class":146},[84,161356,307],{"class":98},[84,161358,161319],{"class":25590},[84,161360,150],{"class":98},[20,161362,172],{},[75,161364,161366],{"className":77,"code":161365,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161367,161368,161383],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161369,161370,161372,161374,161376,161379,161381],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161371,1251],{"class":94},[84,161373,4152],{"class":614},[84,161375,196],{"class":185},[84,161377,161378],{"class":189},"__main__.Person",[84,161380,186],{"class":185},[84,161382,1270],{"class":94},[84,161384,161385],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161386,161387],{"class":90},"human\n",[20,161389,161390,161391,161393],{},"Most beginners do ",[53,161392,55],{}," need this form.",[20,161395,161396],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[70,161398,1741,161400],{"id":161399},"when-to-use-type",[15,161401,3160],{},[20,161403,161404,13288],{},[15,161405,3160],{},[30,161407,161408,161411,161414,161417],{},[33,161409,161410],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,161412,161413],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,161415,161416],{},"learn Python data types",[33,161418,161419],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161421,6315],{},[75,161423,161425],{"className":77,"code":161424,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161426,161427,161439,161453,161457,161471],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161428,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161430,35526],{"class":90},[84,161432,95],{"class":94},[84,161434,4211],{"class":185},[84,161436,51061],{"class":189},[84,161438,4217],{"class":185},[84,161440,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161442,3076],{"class":90},[84,161444,95],{"class":94},[84,161446,46094],{"class":140},[84,161448,137],{"class":98},[84,161450,35547],{"class":146},[84,161452,150],{"class":98},[84,161454,161455],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161456,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161458,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161460,156],{"class":133},[84,161462,137],{"class":98},[84,161464,2624],{"class":140},[84,161466,137],{"class":98},[84,161468,35547],{"class":146},[84,161470,169],{"class":98},[84,161472,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,161474,156],{"class":133},[84,161476,137],{"class":98},[84,161478,2624],{"class":140},[84,161480,137],{"class":98},[84,161482,3098],{"class":146},[84,161484,169],{"class":98},[20,161486,172],{},[75,161488,161489],{"className":77,"code":125672,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,161490,161491,161505],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161492,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161494,1251],{"class":94},[84,161496,4152],{"class":614},[84,161498,196],{"class":185},[84,161500,141],{"class":189},[84,161502,186],{"class":185},[84,161504,1270],{"class":94},[84,161506,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161508,1251],{"class":94},[84,161510,4152],{"class":614},[84,161512,196],{"class":185},[84,161514,365],{"class":189},[84,161516,186],{"class":185},[84,161518,1270],{"class":94},[20,161520,161521],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161523,161524,161525,362,161529,17912,161533,161537],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[303,161526,161527],{"href":42992},[15,161528,545],{},[303,161530,161531],{"href":3732},[15,161532,3735],{},[303,161534,161535],{"href":3739},[15,161536,3742],{}," are often the next step.",[70,161539,26197],{"id":26196},[20,161541,161542,161543,161545],{},"A few things about ",[15,161544,3160],{}," often confuse beginners.",[995,161547,161549,161552],{"id":161548},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161550,161551],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161554,65461],{},[75,161556,161558],{"className":77,"code":161557,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161559,161560],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161561,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161563,156],{"class":133},[84,161565,137],{"class":98},[84,161567,2624],{"class":140},[84,161569,137],{"class":98},[84,161571,3000],{"class":102},[84,161573,169],{"class":98},[20,161575,123515],{},[75,161577,161578],{"className":77,"code":157027,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,161579,161580],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161581,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161583,1251],{"class":94},[84,161585,4152],{"class":614},[84,161587,196],{"class":185},[84,161589,365],{"class":189},[84,161591,186],{"class":185},[84,161593,1270],{"class":94},[20,161595,41723,161596,161598,161599,307],{},[53,161597,55],{}," print just ",[15,161600,365],{},[20,161602,411,161603,161605],{},[15,161604,3160],{}," returns a class object.",[995,161607,161609,3254,161611],{"id":161608},"input-returns-str",[15,161610,3817],{},[15,161612,141],{},[20,161614,80355],{},[75,161616,161618],{"className":77,"code":161617,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161619,161620,161638],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161621,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161623,3304],{"class":90},[84,161625,95],{"class":94},[84,161627,9081],{"class":133},[84,161629,137],{"class":98},[84,161631,3711],{"class":185},[84,161633,47127],{"class":189},[84,161635,3711],{"class":185},[84,161637,150],{"class":98},[84,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161641,156],{"class":133},[84,161643,137],{"class":98},[84,161645,2624],{"class":140},[84,161647,137],{"class":98},[84,161649,3329],{"class":146},[84,161651,169],{"class":98},[20,161653,161654],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161656,161657,161658,3736,161660,307],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161659,3735],{},[15,161661,3742],{},[995,161663,161665],{"id":161664},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161667,161668],{},"Avoid code like this:",[75,161670,161672],{"className":77,"code":161671,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161673,161674,161682,161686,161712],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161675,161676,161678,161680],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161677,3304],{"class":90},[84,161679,95],{"class":94},[84,161681,35681],{"class":102},[84,161683,161684],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161685,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161689,7836],{"class":633},[84,161691,49719],{"class":140},[84,161693,137],{"class":98},[84,161695,2624],{"class":140},[84,161697,137],{"class":98},[84,161699,3329],{"class":146},[84,161701,6204],{"class":98},[84,161703,7249],{"class":94},[84,161705,4211],{"class":185},[84,161707,160406],{"class":189},[84,161709,3711],{"class":185},[84,161711,1440],{"class":98},[84,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161723,161725],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161715,1445],{"class":133},[84,161717,137],{"class":98},[84,161719,3711],{"class":185},[84,161721,161722],{"class":189},"It is an int",[84,161724,3711],{"class":185},[84,161726,150],{"class":98},[20,161728,161729],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161731,161732],{},"Better options:",[75,161734,161736],{"className":77,"code":161735,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161737,161738,161746,161750,161770],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161739,161740,161742,161744],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161741,3304],{"class":90},[84,161743,95],{"class":94},[84,161745,35681],{"class":102},[84,161747,161748],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161749,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,161751,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161753,156],{"class":133},[84,161755,137],{"class":98},[84,161757,2624],{"class":140},[84,161759,137],{"class":98},[84,161761,3329],{"class":146},[84,161763,1970],{"class":98},[84,161765,7249],{"class":94},[84,161767,46094],{"class":140},[84,161769,150],{"class":98},[84,161771,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161773,156],{"class":133},[84,161775,137],{"class":98},[84,161777,49690],{"class":133},[84,161779,137],{"class":98},[84,161781,3329],{"class":146},[84,161783,106],{"class":98},[84,161785,46094],{"class":140},[84,161787,169],{"class":98},[20,161789,172],{},[75,161791,161792],{"className":77,"code":5353,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,161793,161794,161798],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161795,161796],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161797,4828],{"class":4704},[84,161799,161800],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161801,4828],{"class":4704},[20,161803,161804,161805,161807],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161806,45623],{}," is the more useful check.",[70,161809,3686],{"id":3685},[20,161811,15577,161812,3743],{},[15,161813,3160],{},[30,161815,161816,161826,161835,161844],{},[33,161817,595,161818,161820,161821,161825],{},[15,161819,3160],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[303,161822,161823],{"href":9058},[15,161824,3817],{}," always returns a string",[33,161827,9291,161828,161830,161831,11935,161833],{},[15,161829,3160],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161832,365],{},[15,161834,160406],{},[33,161836,595,161837,45447,161840,161843],{},[15,161838,161839],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161841,161842],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161845,161846],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161848,161849,161850,307],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[303,161851,161853],{"href":161852},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161855,145181],{},[75,161857,161859],{"className":77,"code":161858,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161860,161861,161875,161885,161899,161909],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,161862,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,161864,156],{"class":133},[84,161866,137],{"class":98},[84,161868,2624],{"class":140},[84,161870,137],{"class":98},[84,161872,3329],{"class":146},[84,161874,169],{"class":98},[84,161876,161877,161879,161881,161883],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,161878,156],{"class":133},[84,161880,137],{"class":98},[84,161882,3329],{"class":146},[84,161884,150],{"class":98},[84,161886,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,161888,156],{"class":133},[84,161890,137],{"class":98},[84,161892,42597],{"class":133},[84,161894,137],{"class":98},[84,161896,3329],{"class":146},[84,161898,169],{"class":98},[84,161900,161901,161903,161905,161907],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,161902,32994],{"class":133},[84,161904,137],{"class":98},[84,161906,2624],{"class":140},[84,161908,150],{"class":98},[84,161910,161911,161913,161915,161917],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,161912,35211],{"class":133},[84,161914,137],{"class":98},[84,161916,3329],{"class":146},[84,161918,150],{"class":98},[20,161920,161921],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[70,161923,2694],{"id":2693},[995,161925,5987,161927,5990],{"id":161926},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161928,3160],{},[20,161930,161931,161932,362,161934,362,161936,366,161938,161940,161941,307],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161933,141],{},[15,161935,365],{},[15,161937,161],{},[15,161939,9661],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161942,160403],{},[995,161944,2715,161946,58021,161948,3348],{"id":161945},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161947,3160],{},[15,161949,45623],{},[20,161951,47182,161952,161954,161955,161957],{},[15,161953,3160],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161956,45623],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[995,161959,6003,161961,161964,161965,3348],{"id":161960},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161962,161963],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161966,141],{},[20,161968,29902,161969,161971,161972,3736,161974,161065],{},[15,161970,3817],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161973,3735],{},[15,161975,3742],{},[995,161977,2734,161979,161981],{"id":161978},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161980,3160],{}," create classes?",[20,161983,161984,161985,307],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161986,161987],{},"type(object)",[70,161989,2751],{"id":2750},[30,161991,161992,161996,162002,162008,162012,162018,162024],{},[33,161993,161994],{},[303,161995,45615],{"href":49793},[33,161997,161998],{},[303,161999,13,162000,591],{"href":161244},[15,162001,45623],{},[33,162003,162004],{},[303,162005,13,162006,591],{"href":9058},[15,162007,3817],{},[33,162009,162010],{},[303,162011,9897],{"href":9819},[33,162013,162014],{},[303,162015,13,162016,591],{"href":3732},[15,162017,3735],{},[33,162019,162020],{},[303,162021,13,162022,591],{"href":3739},[15,162023,3742],{},[33,162025,162026],{},[303,162027,13,162028,591],{"href":42992},[15,162029,545],{},[2785,162031,162032],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":162034},[162035,162036,162038,162039,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162055,162056,162066],{"id":4463,"depth":125,"text":4464},{"id":160409,"depth":125,"text":162037},"What the type() function does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":122483,"depth":125,"text":122484},{"id":160767,"depth":125,"text":162041},"Using type() with variables",{"id":161073,"depth":125,"text":162043},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161249,"depth":125,"text":162045},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161399,"depth":125,"text":162047},"When to use type()",{"id":26196,"depth":125,"text":26197,"children":162049},[162050,162052,162054],{"id":161548,"depth":153,"text":162051},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161608,"depth":153,"text":162053},"input() returns str",{"id":161664,"depth":153,"text":161665},{"id":3685,"depth":125,"text":3686},{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":162057},[162058,162060,162062,162064],{"id":161926,"depth":153,"text":162059},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161945,"depth":153,"text":162061},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161960,"depth":153,"text":162063},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161978,"depth":153,"text":162065},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160243,"description":162067},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":162073,"title":162074,"body":162075,"description":164554,"extension":2830,"meta":164555,"navigation":472,"path":164556,"seo":164557,"stem":164558,"__hash__":164559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":162076,"toc":164511},[162077,162082,162087,162096,162098,162198,162200,162225,162230,162235,162251,162254,162256,162258,162283,162286,162289,162372,162374,162423,162426,162548,162550,162623,162627,162630,162744,162746,162772,162774,162795,162800,162804,162809,162812,162916,162918,162935,162944,162947,163034,163036,163047,163052,163058,163063,163069,163072,163165,163167,163216,163222,163225,163326,163328,163381,163386,163390,163393,163492,163494,163533,163536,163541,163543,163548,163552,163665,163669,163766,163770,163858,163860,163877,163881,164004,164010,164016,164022,164027,164030,164057,164061,164063,164157,164160,164164,164167,164254,164257,164292,164294,164331,164334,164342,164347,164352,164426,164433,164435,164440,164443,164449,164452,164458,164463,164469,164474,164478,164481,164483,164508],[10,162078,13,162080,18],{"id":162079},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,162081,65137],{},[20,162083,162084,162086],{},[15,162085,65137],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,162088,162089,162090,162092,162093,162095],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,162091,65137],{}," inside a ",[15,162094,1428],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[70,162097,73],{"id":72},[75,162099,162101],{"className":77,"code":162100,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162102,162103,162135,162155,162159,162184],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162104,162105,162107,162109,162111,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162106,5842],{"class":90},[84,162108,95],{"class":94},[84,162110,99],{"class":98},[84,162112,3711],{"class":185},[84,162114,13723],{"class":189},[84,162116,3711],{"class":185},[84,162118,106],{"class":98},[84,162120,4211],{"class":185},[84,162122,36778],{"class":189},[84,162124,3711],{"class":185},[84,162126,106],{"class":98},[84,162128,4211],{"class":185},[84,162130,36787],{"class":189},[84,162132,3711],{"class":185},[84,162134,122],{"class":98},[84,162136,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162138,5911],{"class":90},[84,162140,95],{"class":94},[84,162142,99],{"class":98},[84,162144,14346],{"class":102},[84,162146,106],{"class":98},[84,162148,14351],{"class":102},[84,162150,106],{"class":98},[84,162152,29761],{"class":102},[84,162154,122],{"class":98},[84,162156,162157],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162158,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,162160,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,162162,1428],{"class":633},[84,162164,36829],{"class":90},[84,162166,106],{"class":98},[84,162168,5953],{"class":90},[84,162170,1434],{"class":633},[84,162172,162173],{"class":133}," zip",[84,162175,137],{"class":98},[84,162177,5886],{"class":146},[84,162179,106],{"class":98},[84,162181,5958],{"class":146},[84,162183,628],{"class":98},[84,162185,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,162187,1445],{"class":133},[84,162189,137],{"class":98},[84,162191,8508],{"class":146},[84,162193,106],{"class":98},[84,162195,131461],{"class":146},[84,162197,150],{"class":98},[20,162199,172],{},[75,162201,162203],{"className":77,"code":162202,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162204,162205,162211,162218],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162206,162207,162209],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162208,134480],{"class":90},[84,162210,33976],{"class":102},[84,162212,162213,162216],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162214,162215],{"class":90},"Ben ",[84,162217,33981],{"class":102},[84,162219,162220,162223],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162221,162222],{"class":90},"Cara ",[84,162224,33986],{"class":102},[20,162226,224,162227,162229],{},[15,162228,65137],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[70,162231,235,162233,238],{"id":162232},"what-zip-does",[15,162234,65137],{},[30,162236,162237,162242,162245,162248],{},[33,162238,162239,162241],{},[15,162240,65137],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,162243,162244],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,162246,162247],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,162249,162250],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162252,162253],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[70,162255,311],{"id":310},[20,162257,8057],{},[75,162259,162261],{"className":77,"code":162260,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162262,162263],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162264,162265,162267,162269,162272,162274,162277,162279,162281],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162266,65207],{"class":133},[84,162268,137],{"class":98},[84,162270,162271],{"class":146},"iterable1",[84,162273,106],{"class":98},[84,162275,162276],{"class":146}," iterable2",[84,162278,106],{"class":98},[84,162280,35292],{"class":133},[84,162282,150],{"class":98},[20,162284,162285],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162287,162288],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[75,162290,162292],{"className":77,"code":162291,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162293,162294,162314,162346,162350],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162295,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162297,91],{"class":90},[84,162299,95],{"class":94},[84,162301,99],{"class":98},[84,162303,103],{"class":102},[84,162305,106],{"class":98},[84,162307,109],{"class":102},[84,162309,106],{"class":98},[84,162311,114],{"class":102},[84,162313,122],{"class":98},[84,162315,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162317,36928],{"class":90},[84,162319,95],{"class":94},[84,162321,99],{"class":98},[84,162323,3711],{"class":185},[84,162325,303],{"class":189},[84,162327,3711],{"class":185},[84,162329,106],{"class":98},[84,162331,4211],{"class":185},[84,162333,5608],{"class":189},[84,162335,3711],{"class":185},[84,162337,106],{"class":98},[84,162339,4211],{"class":185},[84,162341,10580],{"class":189},[84,162343,3711],{"class":185},[84,162345,122],{"class":98},[84,162347,162348],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162349,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,162351,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,162353,156],{"class":133},[84,162355,137],{"class":98},[84,162357,161],{"class":140},[84,162359,137],{"class":98},[84,162361,65207],{"class":133},[84,162363,137],{"class":98},[84,162365,535],{"class":146},[84,162367,106],{"class":98},[84,162369,70910],{"class":146},[84,162371,3771],{"class":98},[20,162373,172],{},[75,162375,162377],{"className":77,"code":162376,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162378,162379],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162380,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162382,22583],{"class":98},[84,162384,103],{"class":102},[84,162386,106],{"class":98},[84,162388,196],{"class":185},[84,162390,303],{"class":189},[84,162392,186],{"class":185},[84,162394,10073],{"class":98},[84,162396,10076],{"class":98},[84,162398,199],{"class":102},[84,162400,106],{"class":98},[84,162402,196],{"class":185},[84,162404,5608],{"class":189},[84,162406,186],{"class":185},[84,162408,10073],{"class":98},[84,162410,10076],{"class":98},[84,162412,208],{"class":102},[84,162414,106],{"class":98},[84,162416,196],{"class":185},[84,162418,10580],{"class":189},[84,162420,186],{"class":185},[84,162422,10089],{"class":98},[20,162424,162425],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[75,162427,162429],{"className":77,"code":162428,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162430,162431,162463,162483,162517,162521],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162432,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162434,5842],{"class":90},[84,162436,95],{"class":94},[84,162438,99],{"class":98},[84,162440,3711],{"class":185},[84,162442,13723],{"class":189},[84,162444,3711],{"class":185},[84,162446,106],{"class":98},[84,162448,4211],{"class":185},[84,162450,36778],{"class":189},[84,162452,3711],{"class":185},[84,162454,106],{"class":98},[84,162456,4211],{"class":185},[84,162458,36787],{"class":189},[84,162460,3711],{"class":185},[84,162462,122],{"class":98},[84,162464,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162466,5911],{"class":90},[84,162468,95],{"class":94},[84,162470,99],{"class":98},[84,162472,14346],{"class":102},[84,162474,106],{"class":98},[84,162476,14351],{"class":102},[84,162478,106],{"class":98},[84,162480,29761],{"class":102},[84,162482,122],{"class":98},[84,162484,162485,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162513,162515],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162486,162487],{"class":90},"grades ",[84,162489,95],{"class":94},[84,162491,99],{"class":98},[84,162493,3711],{"class":185},[84,162495,23088],{"class":189},[84,162497,3711],{"class":185},[84,162499,106],{"class":98},[84,162501,4211],{"class":185},[84,162503,31442],{"class":189},[84,162505,3711],{"class":185},[84,162507,106],{"class":98},[84,162509,4211],{"class":185},[84,162511,162512],{"class":189},"B+",[84,162514,3711],{"class":185},[84,162516,122],{"class":98},[84,162518,162519],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,162520,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,162522,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162546],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,162524,156],{"class":133},[84,162526,137],{"class":98},[84,162528,161],{"class":140},[84,162530,137],{"class":98},[84,162532,65207],{"class":133},[84,162534,137],{"class":98},[84,162536,5886],{"class":146},[84,162538,106],{"class":98},[84,162540,5958],{"class":146},[84,162542,106],{"class":98},[84,162544,162545],{"class":146}," grades",[84,162547,3771],{"class":98},[20,162549,172],{},[75,162551,162553],{"className":77,"code":162552,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162554,162555],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162556,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162558,22583],{"class":98},[84,162560,186],{"class":185},[84,162562,13723],{"class":189},[84,162564,186],{"class":185},[84,162566,106],{"class":98},[84,162568,20740],{"class":102},[84,162570,106],{"class":98},[84,162572,196],{"class":185},[84,162574,23088],{"class":189},[84,162576,186],{"class":185},[84,162578,10073],{"class":98},[84,162580,10076],{"class":98},[84,162582,186],{"class":185},[84,162584,36778],{"class":189},[84,162586,186],{"class":185},[84,162588,106],{"class":98},[84,162590,14351],{"class":102},[84,162592,106],{"class":98},[84,162594,196],{"class":185},[84,162596,31442],{"class":189},[84,162598,186],{"class":185},[84,162600,10073],{"class":98},[84,162602,10076],{"class":98},[84,162604,186],{"class":185},[84,162606,36787],{"class":189},[84,162608,186],{"class":185},[84,162610,106],{"class":98},[84,162612,29761],{"class":102},[84,162614,106],{"class":98},[84,162616,196],{"class":185},[84,162618,162512],{"class":189},[84,162620,186],{"class":185},[84,162622,10089],{"class":98},[70,162624,162626],{"id":162625},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162628,162629],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[75,162631,162633],{"className":77,"code":162632,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162634,162635,162667,162687,162691,162715],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162636,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162638,5842],{"class":90},[84,162640,95],{"class":94},[84,162642,99],{"class":98},[84,162644,3711],{"class":185},[84,162646,13723],{"class":189},[84,162648,3711],{"class":185},[84,162650,106],{"class":98},[84,162652,4211],{"class":185},[84,162654,36778],{"class":189},[84,162656,3711],{"class":185},[84,162658,106],{"class":98},[84,162660,4211],{"class":185},[84,162662,36787],{"class":189},[84,162664,3711],{"class":185},[84,162666,122],{"class":98},[84,162668,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162670,5911],{"class":90},[84,162672,95],{"class":94},[84,162674,99],{"class":98},[84,162676,14346],{"class":102},[84,162678,106],{"class":98},[84,162680,14351],{"class":102},[84,162682,106],{"class":98},[84,162684,29761],{"class":102},[84,162686,122],{"class":98},[84,162688,162689],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162690,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,162692,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,162694,1428],{"class":633},[84,162696,36829],{"class":90},[84,162698,106],{"class":98},[84,162700,5953],{"class":90},[84,162702,1434],{"class":633},[84,162704,162173],{"class":133},[84,162706,137],{"class":98},[84,162708,5886],{"class":146},[84,162710,106],{"class":98},[84,162712,5958],{"class":146},[84,162714,628],{"class":98},[84,162716,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,162718,1445],{"class":133},[84,162720,137],{"class":98},[84,162722,23137],{"class":614},[84,162724,3711],{"class":189},[84,162726,10118],{"class":102},[84,162728,8508],{"class":146},[84,162730,23146],{"class":102},[84,162732,162733],{"class":189}," scored ",[84,162735,10118],{"class":102},[84,162737,86118],{"class":146},[84,162739,23146],{"class":102},[84,162741,3711],{"class":189},[84,162743,150],{"class":98},[20,162745,172],{},[75,162747,162749],{"className":77,"code":162748,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162750,162751,162758,162765],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162752,162753,162756],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162754,162755],{"class":90},"Ana scored ",[84,162757,33976],{"class":102},[84,162759,162760,162763],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162761,162762],{"class":90},"Ben scored ",[84,162764,33981],{"class":102},[84,162766,162767,162770],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162768,162769],{"class":90},"Cara scored ",[84,162771,33986],{"class":102},[20,162773,45748],{},[30,162775,162776,162785,162788],{},[33,162777,162778,162781,162782],{},[15,162779,162780],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162783,162784],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,162786,162787],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,162789,162790,5241,162792,162794],{},[15,162791,8508],{},[15,162793,86118],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162796,162797,162798,307],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[303,162799,70427],{"href":70426},[70,162801,162803],{"id":162802},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162805,162806,162808],{},[15,162807,65137],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162810,162811],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[75,162813,162815],{"className":77,"code":162814,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162816,162817,162858,162874,162878,162902],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162818,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162854,162856],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162820,5842],{"class":90},[84,162822,95],{"class":94},[84,162824,99],{"class":98},[84,162826,3711],{"class":185},[84,162828,13723],{"class":189},[84,162830,3711],{"class":185},[84,162832,106],{"class":98},[84,162834,4211],{"class":185},[84,162836,36778],{"class":189},[84,162838,3711],{"class":185},[84,162840,106],{"class":98},[84,162842,4211],{"class":185},[84,162844,36787],{"class":189},[84,162846,3711],{"class":185},[84,162848,106],{"class":98},[84,162850,4211],{"class":185},[84,162852,162853],{"class":189},"Dan",[84,162855,3711],{"class":185},[84,162857,122],{"class":98},[84,162859,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162861,5911],{"class":90},[84,162863,95],{"class":94},[84,162865,99],{"class":98},[84,162867,14346],{"class":102},[84,162869,106],{"class":98},[84,162871,14351],{"class":102},[84,162873,122],{"class":98},[84,162875,162876],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,162877,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,162879,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,162881,1428],{"class":633},[84,162883,36829],{"class":90},[84,162885,106],{"class":98},[84,162887,5953],{"class":90},[84,162889,1434],{"class":633},[84,162891,162173],{"class":133},[84,162893,137],{"class":98},[84,162895,5886],{"class":146},[84,162897,106],{"class":98},[84,162899,5958],{"class":146},[84,162901,628],{"class":98},[84,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,162905,1445],{"class":133},[84,162907,137],{"class":98},[84,162909,8508],{"class":146},[84,162911,106],{"class":98},[84,162913,131461],{"class":146},[84,162915,150],{"class":98},[20,162917,172],{},[75,162919,162921],{"className":77,"code":162920,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162922,162923,162929],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162924,162925,162927],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162926,134480],{"class":90},[84,162928,33976],{"class":102},[84,162930,162931,162933],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162932,162215],{"class":90},[84,162934,33981],{"class":102},[20,162936,3144,162937,5241,162940,162943],{},[15,162938,162939],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162941,162942],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162945,162946],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[75,162948,162950],{"className":77,"code":162949,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162951,162952,162992,163008,163012],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,162953,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,162955,5842],{"class":90},[84,162957,95],{"class":94},[84,162959,99],{"class":98},[84,162961,3711],{"class":185},[84,162963,13723],{"class":189},[84,162965,3711],{"class":185},[84,162967,106],{"class":98},[84,162969,4211],{"class":185},[84,162971,36778],{"class":189},[84,162973,3711],{"class":185},[84,162975,106],{"class":98},[84,162977,4211],{"class":185},[84,162979,36787],{"class":189},[84,162981,3711],{"class":185},[84,162983,106],{"class":98},[84,162985,4211],{"class":185},[84,162987,162853],{"class":189},[84,162989,3711],{"class":185},[84,162991,122],{"class":98},[84,162993,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,162995,5911],{"class":90},[84,162997,95],{"class":94},[84,162999,99],{"class":98},[84,163001,14346],{"class":102},[84,163003,106],{"class":98},[84,163005,14351],{"class":102},[84,163007,122],{"class":98},[84,163009,163010],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163011,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163013,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163015,156],{"class":133},[84,163017,137],{"class":98},[84,163019,12005],{"class":133},[84,163021,137],{"class":98},[84,163023,5886],{"class":146},[84,163025,10073],{"class":98},[84,163027,39210],{"class":133},[84,163029,137],{"class":98},[84,163031,17231],{"class":146},[84,163033,169],{"class":98},[20,163035,172],{},[75,163037,163039],{"className":77,"code":163038,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"4 2\n",[15,163040,163041],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163042,163043,163045],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163044,217],{"class":102},[84,163046,643],{"class":102},[20,163048,163049,163050,307],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,163051,65137],{},[70,163053,92709,163055,163057],{"id":163054},"converting-zip-output",[15,163056,65137],{}," output",[20,163059,29902,163060,163062],{},[15,163061,65137],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[995,163064,224,163066],{"id":163065},"use-listzip",[15,163067,163068],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,163070,163071],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[75,163073,163075],{"className":77,"code":163074,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,163076,163077,163109,163129,163133,163155],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163078,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163080,5842],{"class":90},[84,163082,95],{"class":94},[84,163084,99],{"class":98},[84,163086,3711],{"class":185},[84,163088,13723],{"class":189},[84,163090,3711],{"class":185},[84,163092,106],{"class":98},[84,163094,4211],{"class":185},[84,163096,36778],{"class":189},[84,163098,3711],{"class":185},[84,163100,106],{"class":98},[84,163102,4211],{"class":185},[84,163104,36787],{"class":189},[84,163106,3711],{"class":185},[84,163108,122],{"class":98},[84,163110,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163112,5911],{"class":90},[84,163114,95],{"class":94},[84,163116,99],{"class":98},[84,163118,14346],{"class":102},[84,163120,106],{"class":98},[84,163122,14351],{"class":102},[84,163124,106],{"class":98},[84,163126,29761],{"class":102},[84,163128,122],{"class":98},[84,163130,163131],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163132,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163134,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163136,10055],{"class":90},[84,163138,95],{"class":94},[84,163140,1636],{"class":140},[84,163142,137],{"class":98},[84,163144,65207],{"class":133},[84,163146,137],{"class":98},[84,163148,5886],{"class":146},[84,163150,106],{"class":98},[84,163152,5958],{"class":146},[84,163154,169],{"class":98},[84,163156,163157,163159,163161,163163],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163158,156],{"class":133},[84,163160,137],{"class":98},[84,163162,10102],{"class":146},[84,163164,150],{"class":98},[20,163166,172],{},[75,163168,163170],{"className":77,"code":163169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,163171,163172],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163173,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163175,22583],{"class":98},[84,163177,186],{"class":185},[84,163179,13723],{"class":189},[84,163181,186],{"class":185},[84,163183,106],{"class":98},[84,163185,20740],{"class":102},[84,163187,10073],{"class":98},[84,163189,10076],{"class":98},[84,163191,186],{"class":185},[84,163193,36778],{"class":189},[84,163195,186],{"class":185},[84,163197,106],{"class":98},[84,163199,14351],{"class":102},[84,163201,10073],{"class":98},[84,163203,10076],{"class":98},[84,163205,186],{"class":185},[84,163207,36787],{"class":189},[84,163209,186],{"class":185},[84,163211,106],{"class":98},[84,163213,29761],{"class":102},[84,163215,10089],{"class":98},[995,163217,224,163219],{"id":163218},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163220,163221],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163223,163224],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[75,163226,163228],{"className":77,"code":163227,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163229,163230,163262,163290,163294,163316],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163231,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163233,18082],{"class":90},[84,163235,95],{"class":94},[84,163237,99],{"class":98},[84,163239,3711],{"class":185},[84,163241,8508],{"class":189},[84,163243,3711],{"class":185},[84,163245,106],{"class":98},[84,163247,4211],{"class":185},[84,163249,10139],{"class":189},[84,163251,3711],{"class":185},[84,163253,106],{"class":98},[84,163255,4211],{"class":185},[84,163257,11250],{"class":189},[84,163259,3711],{"class":185},[84,163261,122],{"class":98},[84,163263,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163265,1777],{"class":90},[84,163267,95],{"class":94},[84,163269,99],{"class":98},[84,163271,3711],{"class":185},[84,163273,13723],{"class":189},[84,163275,3711],{"class":185},[84,163277,106],{"class":98},[84,163279,10146],{"class":102},[84,163281,106],{"class":98},[84,163283,4211],{"class":185},[84,163285,16873],{"class":189},[84,163287,3711],{"class":185},[84,163289,122],{"class":98},[84,163291,163292],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163293,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163297,14048],{"class":90},[84,163299,95],{"class":94},[84,163301,10010],{"class":140},[84,163303,137],{"class":98},[84,163305,65207],{"class":133},[84,163307,137],{"class":98},[84,163309,17764],{"class":146},[84,163311,106],{"class":98},[84,163313,406],{"class":146},[84,163315,169],{"class":98},[84,163317,163318,163320,163322,163324],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163319,156],{"class":133},[84,163321,137],{"class":98},[84,163323,18147],{"class":146},[84,163325,150],{"class":98},[20,163327,172],{},[75,163329,163331],{"className":77,"code":163330,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163332,163333],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163334,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163336,10118],{"class":98},[84,163338,186],{"class":185},[84,163340,8508],{"class":189},[84,163342,186],{"class":185},[84,163344,3743],{"class":98},[84,163346,196],{"class":185},[84,163348,13723],{"class":189},[84,163350,186],{"class":185},[84,163352,106],{"class":98},[84,163354,196],{"class":185},[84,163356,10139],{"class":189},[84,163358,186],{"class":185},[84,163360,3743],{"class":98},[84,163362,10146],{"class":102},[84,163364,106],{"class":98},[84,163366,196],{"class":185},[84,163368,11250],{"class":189},[84,163370,186],{"class":185},[84,163372,3743],{"class":98},[84,163374,196],{"class":185},[84,163376,16873],{"class":189},[84,163378,186],{"class":185},[84,163380,10149],{"class":98},[20,163382,163383,163384,307],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[303,163385,31928],{"href":31927},[995,163387,163389],{"id":163388},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163391,163392],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[75,163394,163396],{"className":77,"code":163395,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163397,163398,163422,163438,163442,163460,163464,163478],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163399,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163401,5842],{"class":90},[84,163403,95],{"class":94},[84,163405,99],{"class":98},[84,163407,3711],{"class":185},[84,163409,13723],{"class":189},[84,163411,3711],{"class":185},[84,163413,106],{"class":98},[84,163415,4211],{"class":185},[84,163417,36778],{"class":189},[84,163419,3711],{"class":185},[84,163421,122],{"class":98},[84,163423,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163425,5911],{"class":90},[84,163427,95],{"class":94},[84,163429,99],{"class":98},[84,163431,14346],{"class":102},[84,163433,106],{"class":98},[84,163435,14351],{"class":102},[84,163437,122],{"class":98},[84,163439,163440],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163441,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163443,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163445,10055],{"class":90},[84,163447,95],{"class":94},[84,163449,162173],{"class":133},[84,163451,137],{"class":98},[84,163453,5886],{"class":146},[84,163455,106],{"class":98},[84,163457,5958],{"class":146},[84,163459,150],{"class":98},[84,163461,163462],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163463,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163465,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,163467,156],{"class":133},[84,163469,137],{"class":98},[84,163471,161],{"class":140},[84,163473,137],{"class":98},[84,163475,10102],{"class":146},[84,163477,169],{"class":98},[84,163479,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,163481,156],{"class":133},[84,163483,137],{"class":98},[84,163485,161],{"class":140},[84,163487,137],{"class":98},[84,163489,10102],{"class":146},[84,163491,169],{"class":98},[20,163493,172],{},[75,163495,163497],{"className":77,"code":163496,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163498,163499,163529],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163500,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163502,22583],{"class":98},[84,163504,186],{"class":185},[84,163506,13723],{"class":189},[84,163508,186],{"class":185},[84,163510,106],{"class":98},[84,163512,20740],{"class":102},[84,163514,10073],{"class":98},[84,163516,10076],{"class":98},[84,163518,186],{"class":185},[84,163520,36778],{"class":189},[84,163522,186],{"class":185},[84,163524,106],{"class":98},[84,163526,14351],{"class":102},[84,163528,10089],{"class":98},[84,163530,163531],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163532,1596],{"class":98},[20,163534,163535],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163537,163538,163539,307],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[303,163540,306],{"href":6430},[70,163542,41863],{"id":41862},[20,163544,163545,163546,307],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163547,65137],{},[995,163549,163551],{"id":163550},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[75,163553,163555],{"className":77,"code":163554,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163556,163557,163589,163609,163613,163637],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163558,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163560,5842],{"class":90},[84,163562,95],{"class":94},[84,163564,99],{"class":98},[84,163566,3711],{"class":185},[84,163568,13723],{"class":189},[84,163570,3711],{"class":185},[84,163572,106],{"class":98},[84,163574,4211],{"class":185},[84,163576,36778],{"class":189},[84,163578,3711],{"class":185},[84,163580,106],{"class":98},[84,163582,4211],{"class":185},[84,163584,36787],{"class":189},[84,163586,3711],{"class":185},[84,163588,122],{"class":98},[84,163590,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605,163607],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163592,5911],{"class":90},[84,163594,95],{"class":94},[84,163596,99],{"class":98},[84,163598,14346],{"class":102},[84,163600,106],{"class":98},[84,163602,14351],{"class":102},[84,163604,106],{"class":98},[84,163606,29761],{"class":102},[84,163608,122],{"class":98},[84,163610,163611],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163612,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163614,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163616,1428],{"class":633},[84,163618,36829],{"class":90},[84,163620,106],{"class":98},[84,163622,5953],{"class":90},[84,163624,1434],{"class":633},[84,163626,162173],{"class":133},[84,163628,137],{"class":98},[84,163630,5886],{"class":146},[84,163632,106],{"class":98},[84,163634,5958],{"class":146},[84,163636,628],{"class":98},[84,163638,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163640,1445],{"class":133},[84,163642,137],{"class":98},[84,163644,23137],{"class":614},[84,163646,3711],{"class":189},[84,163648,10118],{"class":102},[84,163650,8508],{"class":146},[84,163652,23146],{"class":102},[84,163654,23149],{"class":189},[84,163656,10118],{"class":102},[84,163658,86118],{"class":146},[84,163660,23146],{"class":102},[84,163662,3711],{"class":189},[84,163664,150],{"class":98},[995,163666,163668],{"id":163667},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[75,163670,163672],{"className":77,"code":163671,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163673,163674,163706,163730,163734,163756],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163675,163676,163678,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163677,18082],{"class":90},[84,163679,95],{"class":94},[84,163681,99],{"class":98},[84,163683,3711],{"class":185},[84,163685,13493],{"class":189},[84,163687,3711],{"class":185},[84,163689,106],{"class":98},[84,163691,4211],{"class":185},[84,163693,8508],{"class":189},[84,163695,3711],{"class":185},[84,163697,106],{"class":98},[84,163699,4211],{"class":185},[84,163701,16663],{"class":189},[84,163703,3711],{"class":185},[84,163705,122],{"class":98},[84,163707,163708,163710,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163709,1777],{"class":90},[84,163711,95],{"class":94},[84,163713,99],{"class":98},[84,163715,47409],{"class":102},[84,163717,106],{"class":98},[84,163719,4211],{"class":185},[84,163721,13723],{"class":189},[84,163723,3711],{"class":185},[84,163725,106],{"class":98},[84,163727,4764],{"class":4704},[84,163729,122],{"class":98},[84,163731,163732],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163733,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163735,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746,163748,163750,163752,163754],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163737,10005],{"class":90},[84,163739,95],{"class":94},[84,163741,10010],{"class":140},[84,163743,137],{"class":98},[84,163745,65207],{"class":133},[84,163747,137],{"class":98},[84,163749,17764],{"class":146},[84,163751,106],{"class":98},[84,163753,406],{"class":146},[84,163755,169],{"class":98},[84,163757,163758,163760,163762,163764],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163759,156],{"class":133},[84,163761,137],{"class":98},[84,163763,10044],{"class":146},[84,163765,150],{"class":98},[995,163767,163769],{"id":163768},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[75,163771,163773],{"className":77,"code":163772,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163774,163775,163795,163815,163819,163844],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163776,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163778,859],{"class":90},[84,163780,95],{"class":94},[84,163782,99],{"class":98},[84,163784,437],{"class":102},[84,163786,106],{"class":98},[84,163788,442],{"class":102},[84,163790,106],{"class":98},[84,163792,447],{"class":102},[84,163794,122],{"class":98},[84,163796,163797,163799,163801,163803,163805,163807,163809,163811,163813],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163798,880],{"class":90},[84,163800,95],{"class":94},[84,163802,99],{"class":98},[84,163804,437],{"class":102},[84,163806,106],{"class":98},[84,163808,10146],{"class":102},[84,163810,106],{"class":98},[84,163812,447],{"class":102},[84,163814,122],{"class":98},[84,163816,163817],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163818,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163820,163821,163823,163825,163827,163830,163832,163834,163836,163838,163840,163842],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163822,1428],{"class":633},[84,163824,57703],{"class":90},[84,163826,106],{"class":98},[84,163828,163829],{"class":90}," b ",[84,163831,1434],{"class":633},[84,163833,162173],{"class":133},[84,163835,137],{"class":98},[84,163837,112348],{"class":146},[84,163839,106],{"class":98},[84,163841,923],{"class":146},[84,163843,628],{"class":98},[84,163845,163846,163848,163850,163852,163854,163856],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163847,1445],{"class":133},[84,163849,137],{"class":98},[84,163851,3410],{"class":146},[84,163853,5535],{"class":94},[84,163855,835],{"class":146},[84,163857,150],{"class":98},[20,163859,172],{},[75,163861,163863],{"className":77,"code":163862,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163864,163865,163869,163873],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163866,163867],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163868,4828],{"class":4704},[84,163870,163871],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163872,4889],{"class":4704},[84,163874,163875],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163876,4828],{"class":4704},[995,163878,163880],{"id":163879},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[75,163882,163884],{"className":77,"code":163883,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163885,163886,163921,163944,163948,163975],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,163887,163888,163891,163893,163895,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163908,163910,163912,163914,163917,163919],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,163889,163890],{"class":90},"products ",[84,163892,95],{"class":94},[84,163894,99],{"class":98},[84,163896,3711],{"class":185},[84,163898,25980],{"class":189},[84,163900,3711],{"class":185},[84,163902,106],{"class":98},[84,163904,4211],{"class":185},[84,163906,163907],{"class":189},"Pen",[84,163909,3711],{"class":185},[84,163911,106],{"class":98},[84,163913,4211],{"class":185},[84,163915,163916],{"class":189},"Bag",[84,163918,3711],{"class":185},[84,163920,122],{"class":98},[84,163922,163923,163925,163927,163929,163932,163934,163937,163939,163942],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,163924,83646],{"class":90},[84,163926,95],{"class":94},[84,163928,99],{"class":98},[84,163930,163931],{"class":102},"12.5",[84,163933,106],{"class":98},[84,163935,163936],{"class":102}," 1.2",[84,163938,106],{"class":98},[84,163940,163941],{"class":102}," 25.0",[84,163943,122],{"class":98},[84,163945,163946],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,163947,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,163949,163950,163952,163954,163956,163959,163961,163963,163965,163968,163970,163973],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,163951,1428],{"class":633},[84,163953,26041],{"class":90},[84,163955,106],{"class":98},[84,163957,163958],{"class":90}," price ",[84,163960,1434],{"class":633},[84,163962,162173],{"class":133},[84,163964,137],{"class":98},[84,163966,163967],{"class":146},"products",[84,163969,106],{"class":98},[84,163971,163972],{"class":146}," prices",[84,163974,628],{"class":98},[84,163976,163977,163979,163981,163983,163985,163987,163989,163991,163994,163996,163998,164000,164002],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,163978,1445],{"class":133},[84,163980,137],{"class":98},[84,163982,23137],{"class":614},[84,163984,3711],{"class":189},[84,163986,10118],{"class":102},[84,163988,27849],{"class":146},[84,163990,23146],{"class":102},[84,163992,163993],{"class":189}," costs $",[84,163995,10118],{"class":102},[84,163997,25989],{"class":146},[84,163999,23146],{"class":102},[84,164001,3711],{"class":189},[84,164003,150],{"class":98},[20,164005,37439,164006,307],{},[303,164007,164009],{"href":164008},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[70,164011,164013,164014],{"id":164012},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,164015,65137],{},[995,164017,9291,164019,164021],{"id":164018},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,164020,65137],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,164023,164024,164026],{},[15,164025,65137],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,164028,164029],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[75,164031,164033],{"className":77,"code":164032,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,164034,164035],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164036,164037,164039,164041,164043,164045,164047,164049,164051,164053,164055],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164038,156],{"class":133},[84,164040,137],{"class":98},[84,164042,12005],{"class":133},[84,164044,137],{"class":98},[84,164046,112348],{"class":146},[84,164048,10073],{"class":98},[84,164050,39210],{"class":133},[84,164052,137],{"class":98},[84,164054,1150],{"class":146},[84,164056,169],{"class":98},[995,164058,164060],{"id":164059},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,164062,69650],{},[75,164064,164066],{"className":77,"code":164065,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,164067,164068,164104,164108,164121,164131,164135,164147],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164069,164070,164072,164074,164076,164078,164080,164082,164084,164086,164088,164090,164092,164094,164096,164098,164100,164102],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164071,10055],{"class":90},[84,164073,95],{"class":94},[84,164075,162173],{"class":133},[84,164077,3845],{"class":98},[84,164079,103],{"class":102},[84,164081,106],{"class":98},[84,164083,109],{"class":102},[84,164085,18903],{"class":98},[84,164087,99],{"class":98},[84,164089,3711],{"class":185},[84,164091,303],{"class":189},[84,164093,3711],{"class":185},[84,164095,106],{"class":98},[84,164097,4211],{"class":185},[84,164099,5608],{"class":189},[84,164101,3711],{"class":185},[84,164103,4737],{"class":98},[84,164105,164106],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,164107,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,164109,164110,164112,164114,164116,164119],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,164111,1428],{"class":633},[84,164113,1431],{"class":90},[84,164115,1434],{"class":633},[84,164117,164118],{"class":90}," pairs",[84,164120,1440],{"class":98},[84,164122,164123,164125,164127,164129],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,164124,1445],{"class":133},[84,164126,137],{"class":98},[84,164128,1450],{"class":146},[84,164130,150],{"class":98},[84,164132,164133],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,164134,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,164136,164137,164139,164141,164143,164145],{"class":86,"line":694},[84,164138,1428],{"class":633},[84,164140,1431],{"class":90},[84,164142,1434],{"class":633},[84,164144,164118],{"class":90},[84,164146,1440],{"class":98},[84,164148,164149,164151,164153,164155],{"class":86,"line":699},[84,164150,1445],{"class":133},[84,164152,137],{"class":98},[84,164154,1450],{"class":146},[84,164156,150],{"class":98},[20,164158,164159],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[995,164161,164163],{"id":164162},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,164165,164166],{},"This is correct:",[75,164168,164170],{"className":77,"code":164169,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,164171,164172,164196,164212,164216,164240],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164173,164174,164176,164178,164180,164182,164184,164186,164188,164190,164192,164194],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164175,5842],{"class":90},[84,164177,95],{"class":94},[84,164179,99],{"class":98},[84,164181,3711],{"class":185},[84,164183,13723],{"class":189},[84,164185,3711],{"class":185},[84,164187,106],{"class":98},[84,164189,4211],{"class":185},[84,164191,36778],{"class":189},[84,164193,3711],{"class":185},[84,164195,122],{"class":98},[84,164197,164198,164200,164202,164204,164206,164208,164210],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,164199,5911],{"class":90},[84,164201,95],{"class":94},[84,164203,99],{"class":98},[84,164205,14346],{"class":102},[84,164207,106],{"class":98},[84,164209,14351],{"class":102},[84,164211,122],{"class":98},[84,164213,164214],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,164215,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,164217,164218,164220,164222,164224,164226,164228,164230,164232,164234,164236,164238],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,164219,1428],{"class":633},[84,164221,36829],{"class":90},[84,164223,106],{"class":98},[84,164225,5953],{"class":90},[84,164227,1434],{"class":633},[84,164229,162173],{"class":133},[84,164231,137],{"class":98},[84,164233,5886],{"class":146},[84,164235,106],{"class":98},[84,164237,5958],{"class":146},[84,164239,628],{"class":98},[84,164241,164242,164244,164246,164248,164250,164252],{"class":86,"line":674},[84,164243,1445],{"class":133},[84,164245,137],{"class":98},[84,164247,8508],{"class":146},[84,164249,106],{"class":98},[84,164251,131461],{"class":146},[84,164253,150],{"class":98},[20,164255,164256],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[75,164258,164260],{"className":77,"code":164259,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164261,164262,164282],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164263,164264,164266,164268,164270,164272,164274,164276,164278,164280],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164265,1428],{"class":633},[84,164267,1431],{"class":90},[84,164269,1434],{"class":633},[84,164271,162173],{"class":133},[84,164273,137],{"class":98},[84,164275,5886],{"class":146},[84,164277,106],{"class":98},[84,164279,5958],{"class":146},[84,164281,628],{"class":98},[84,164283,164284,164286,164288,164290],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,164285,1445],{"class":133},[84,164287,137],{"class":98},[84,164289,1450],{"class":146},[84,164291,150],{"class":98},[20,164293,172],{},[75,164295,164297],{"className":77,"code":164296,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164298,164299,164315],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164300,164301,164303,164305,164307,164309,164311,164313],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164302,137],{"class":98},[84,164304,186],{"class":185},[84,164306,13723],{"class":189},[84,164308,186],{"class":185},[84,164310,106],{"class":98},[84,164312,20740],{"class":102},[84,164314,150],{"class":98},[84,164316,164317,164319,164321,164323,164325,164327,164329],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,164318,137],{"class":98},[84,164320,186],{"class":185},[84,164322,36778],{"class":189},[84,164324,186],{"class":185},[84,164326,106],{"class":98},[84,164328,14351],{"class":102},[84,164330,150],{"class":98},[20,164332,164333],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[995,164335,595,164337,164339,164340],{"id":164336},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164338,65137],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164341,36586],{},[20,164343,224,164344,164346],{},[15,164345,65137],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164348,224,164349,164351],{},[15,164350,36586],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[75,164353,164354],{"className":77,"code":36755,"language":79,"meta":80,"style":80},[15,164355,164356,164388,164392,164412],{"__ignoreMap":80},[84,164357,164358,164360,164362,164364,164366,164368,164370,164372,164374,164376,164378,164380,164382,164384,164386],{"class":86,"line":87},[84,164359,5842],{"class":90},[84,164361,95],{"class":94},[84,164363,99],{"class":98},[84,164365,3711],{"class":185},[84,164367,13723],{"class":189},[84,164369,3711],{"class":185},[84,164371,106],{"class":98},[84,164373,4211],{"class":185},[84,164375,36778],{"class":189},[84,164377,3711],{"class":185},[84,164379,106],{"class":98},[84,164381,4211],{"class":185},[84,164383,36787],{"class":189},[84,164385,3711],{"class":185},[84,164387,122],{"class":98},[84,164389,164390],{"class":86,"line":125},[84,164391,473],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":472},[84,164393,164394,164396,164398,164400,164402,164404,164406,164408,164410],{"class":86,"line":153},[84,164395,1428],{"class":633},[84,164397,36658],{"class":90},[84,164399,106],{"class":98},[84,164401,36806],{"class":90},[84,164403,1434],{"class":633},[84,164405,36668],{"class":133},[84,164407,137],{"class":98},[84,164409,5886],{"class":146},[84,164411,628],{"class":98},[84,164413,164414,164416,164418,164420,164422,164424],{"class":86,"line":476},[84,164415,1445],{"class":133},[84,164417,137],{"class":98},[84,164419,36683],{"class":146},[84,164421,106],{"class":98},[84,164423,36829],{"class":146},[84,164425,150],{"class":98},[20,164427,164428,164429,307],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[303,164430,13,164431,591],{"href":92621},[15,164432,36586],{},[70,164434,2694],{"id":2693},[995,164436,5987,164438,5990],{"id":164437},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164439,65137],{},[20,164441,164442],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[995,164444,2698,164446,164448],{"id":164445},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164447,65137],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164450,164451],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[995,164453,164455,164456,3348],{"id":164454},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164457,65137],{},[20,164459,164460,164461,307],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164462,163068],{},[995,164464,164466,164467,3348],{"id":164465},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164468,65137],{},[20,164470,128826,164471,164473],{},[15,164472,163221],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[995,164475,164477],{"id":164476},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164479,164480],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[70,164482,2751],{"id":2750},[30,164484,164485,164490,164496,164500,164504],{},[33,164486,164487],{},[303,164488,164489],{"href":164008},"How to use zip in Python",[33,164491,164492],{},[303,164493,13,164494,591],{"href":92621},[15,164495,36586],{},[33,164497,164498],{},[303,164499,2783],{"href":6430},[33,164501,164502],{},[303,164503,70503],{"href":70426},[33,164505,164506],{},[303,164507,33102],{"href":31927},[2785,164509,164510],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":80,"searchDepth":125,"depth":125,"links":164512},[164513,164514,164516,164517,164518,164519,164527,164533,164542,164553],{"id":72,"depth":125,"text":73},{"id":162232,"depth":125,"text":164515},"What zip() does",{"id":310,"depth":125,"text":311},{"id":162625,"depth":125,"text":162626},{"id":162802,"depth":125,"text":162803},{"id":163054,"depth":125,"text":164520,"children":164521},"Converting zip() output",[164522,164524,164526],{"id":163065,"depth":153,"text":164523},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":163218,"depth":153,"text":164525},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":163388,"depth":153,"text":163389},{"id":41862,"depth":125,"text":41863,"children":164528},[164529,164530,164531,164532],{"id":163550,"depth":153,"text":163551},{"id":163667,"depth":153,"text":163668},{"id":163768,"depth":153,"text":163769},{"id":163879,"depth":153,"text":163880},{"id":164012,"depth":125,"text":164534,"children":164535},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164536,164538,164539,164540],{"id":164018,"depth":153,"text":164537},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":164059,"depth":153,"text":164060},{"id":164162,"depth":153,"text":164163},{"id":164336,"depth":153,"text":164541},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2693,"depth":125,"text":2694,"children":164543},[164544,164546,164548,164550,164552],{"id":164437,"depth":153,"text":164545},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164445,"depth":153,"text":164547},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164454,"depth":153,"text":164549},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164465,"depth":153,"text":164551},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164476,"depth":153,"text":164477},{"id":2750,"depth":125,"text":2751},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":162074,"description":164554},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945042382]